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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33342	A new description of the world, or, A compendious treatise of the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, countries, islands, cities, and towns of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America in their scituation, product, manufactures, and commodities, geographical and historical : with an account of the natures of the people in their habits, customes, warrs, religions, and policies &c. : as also of the rarities, wonders, and curiosities of fishes, beasts, birds, rivers, mountains, plants, &c., with several remarkable revolutions and delightful histories / faithfully collected from the best authors by S. Clark.	Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.	1689 (1689)	Wing C4554; ESTC R26606	137,166	242

as many as they can few having less than Ten and here the Men and Women go naked till they are Married and then have only a Covering from the Waste downward Superstitiously raising the Skin with three slashes of a Knife from the Navel to the Privy Parts as a mark of their hopes of Salvation NVBIA a considerable Countrey stretching from Gaoga to Nilus has Dangula for its chief Town and some other of lesser note and affords amongst other Drugs the mortalest of Poysons insomuch that the tenth part of a Grain will dispatch a Man in a quarter of an hour and affords moreover Civit Sugar Sanders Ivory c. The Kingdom taking its Name from the Nubiaea a certain people that inhabit it and is well refreshed with Rivers and Lakes and the people were generally Christians a strong and potent Nation well Skill'd in War in so much that Cyriacus one of their Kings hearing the Christians were oppressed in Egypt raised an Army of 100000 Horse to succour them but being about to enter that Kingdom to the great Terrour of the Turks and Sarazens he was met by the Patriarch of Alexandria at whose Supplication and Entrcaty he returned without enterprizing any thing Memorable nor has it been long since they for want of Spiritual Guides to strengthen and confirm them have faln off from the Christian Faith and embraced the Superstitions of Mahomet Aethiopia Superior described in its Kingdoms and Provinces AETHIOPIA SVPERIOR has on the East Sinus Barbaricus and the Red Sea on the West Lybia Interior and the Kingdom of Nubia and part of Congo in the other Aethiopia on the North Egypt and Lybia Marmarica on the South the Mountains of the Moon parting it from Aethiopia Inferiour and had its present name from the Grecians and is scituate on both sides the Equinoctial extending from the South Parrallel of 7 Degrees to the North end of the Isle Meroe scituate under the Fifth Parallel on the North of that Circle being accounted in length about 1500 Miles and in breadth about half as much in Circumference 4300 Miles containing the whole Countrey of Aethiopia as before limited the greatest part of it being the Abyssine Empire or Dominion of Prestor John the rest comprehending the Kingdoms of Adel and Adea the Provinces Quiola and Melindi though the last are reckoned parts of Aethiopia Inferior the Island of Meroe in the North possessed by Mahometans Enemies to Prestor John all on the South of Nubia and the West of Nilus is Inhabited by the Anzichi a Cannibal and Idolatrous People who have a King of their own and all the Coast of the Red Sea as well within the Coast of Babel-mandel the Port of Erocco only excepted is in the Possession of Moors and Arabians who pay Homage to the Kings of Adel and Adea As for the People of Aethiopia properly so called they were formerly held to be great Astrologers the first Ordainers of Sacred Ceremonies from whom the Egyptians had their Instructions always counted good Archers yet Treacherously shooting with Poisoned Arrows they go ill Cloathed and as bad Housed for the most part extreamly inclined to Barbarisin and unless they Swear by the Life of their Emperor not to be credited in matters of Weight their Colour is an Olive Tawny inclining more to Swarthiness except their Emperor who as a mark of the true Prince and are held to be Converted to the Christian Faith by the Eunuch of Queen Candace Converted by St. Philip the Evangelist which Flourishes amongst them to this day and comes very near in all the Material Points to the Orthodox Religion of the Reformed European Church c. and are under a Patriarch The Country of the Aethiops is like all other Countries in this Tract Fruitful in some Places and Barren in others yet it generally abounds in Rice Barley Beans Pease Sugars Minerals of all kinds Cattle viz. Goats Oxen Sheep Horses and have great store of Flax and Vines yet make neither Cloth nor Wine unless peculiarly for the Emperor Patriarch or great Men being much given to Sloth nor do they indeed know how to bring their Minerals to Perfection nor will they trouble themselves to Fish or Hunt tho' the Woods and Rivers are infinitely stored with Fish and Venison As for the Provinces comprehended at this time within the bounds or limits of Aethiopia they are Guagere Tigremaon Angote Damut Amma Bagamedrum Goijami Adel Adea Barnagassum Danculi D●bas Fatigar Xoa and Barus though not all as I intimated within the Circuit of the Abassine Empire and of Note amongst these are viz. BARNAGOSVM Scituate upon the Red Sea extending from Suachen almost to the Mou●● of the Streights and hath for its Sea Port Frooco the only Port of the Empire held Tributary from the Turks who sometimes since took it from the Aethiopians with the Town of Suachen for which they pay yearly 1000 ounces of Gold. TIGRAMAON lying between Nilus Marabo and Angote is a pleasant Kingdom though of no great extent and has for its chief City Cazunia supposed to be the Regal Seat of Queen Candace whose Enuch St. Philip Baptized ANGOTE is a Province considerably Barren lying between Tigramaon and Amare insomuch that being deficient of Gold or Silver or any other valuable Commodities Iron Plate or Rings and hard Loaves of Salt made to sundry degrees of bigness pass as Current XOA is more Fertile than the former as having many green Pastures where a great Number of Cattle Feed as likewise abounding with Fruits and is almost in all parts Grateful to the Husbandman FATIGAR is noted for having in it a Lake of that Name 12 Miles in compass being on the Top of a high Mountain from whence divers Rivers well stored with Fish descend to water the Country GOIJAMI is famed for the Mines of Gold found as also for the Unicorn who makes his abode in the Hills of the Moon large Mountains so called because the Moon upon her rising appears first from behind them to that Country and although the Beasts are rarely taken by reason of their Swiftness yet their Horns so famous for expelling Poison are found which at a certain Period of Time they shed GVGERA otherways Meroe is an Island of which we intend to speak hereafter and in this Country is found the Hill Amara which is a Days Journey to ascend and 30 Miles in compass in Form round and on the top of it are sundry pleasant Plains and Pallaces the Air being much cooler than that beneath and here the Princes of the Blood dwell As for the Emperors Stile by reason of the strangeness of it we think fit to insert it viz. P. I. Supream of his Kingdoms and the Beloved of God the Pillar of Faith sprung from the Stock of Judah the Son of David the Son of Solomon the Son of the Column of Sion the Son of the Seed of Jacob and the Son of the Hand-maid of Mary the Son of Nahu after the Flesh the

hill and are frequently a bragging of their descent from Jupiter foolishly neglecting all Arts and Sciences as disparagements to so great a Nobility however there are some amongst them that apply themselves to Grazing the Countrey abounding with Cattle and rich Pastures and others to Merchandize tho the chief Product of the Countrey is managed by Strangers The chief Cities or Towns that are at this Day found in this Tract are Elgra on the Shoar of the Red Sea called Sinus Elgranaticus Jathrib or Jatrib in the way between Algiar and Medina the Birth-place of Mahomet the Impostor and in the City of Medina to which is added the Name of Talmabi signifying the City of the Prophet is the Sepulchre of Mahomet not drawn up with a Load-stone as the Vulgar rumour goes but inclosed in the manner of our Sepulchres with an Iron Grate and covered with a green Velvet Carpet which the Grand Seigniour sends every Year as his Offering so that when the New arrives the Old is cut into innumerable Shreds and Sold to Pilgrims by the Priests at large rates as Holy Reliques and in this Temple which is large and Magnificent are 3000 Lamps continually burning Meccha a Town Scituate in a barren Soil not far from Medina but of greater Resort and Traffick the Commodities not only of Arabia but of Persia and India flowing thither from whence it is dispersed into all parts of the Turkish Empire and here it is made Death for any Christian to come so made to pr● Clouds Discovery of the Fopperies in their Religion and is utterly destitute of Waters except such as is taken in Cisterns when it Rains or brought on Camels Backs from distant Places though three Carravans with Troops of Merchants and Pilgrims Visit it every Year Zidon accounted the Haven Town of Meccha though distant 40 Miles Scituate on the Red Sea Zebit held now the Metropolis of the Country much Traded to for Spices Sugar and Fruits Eltor a Port Town where the Christians are suffered to Inhabit Aden on the entrance of the Red Sea and is the most Famous Empory of this Country well Fortified and has a very capacious Haven for the reception of Shipping once the Head of a distinct Kingdom but now in Subjection to the Turks being Treacherously surprized by them in the Year 1538 and soon after all the rest of the Country Hor Zarnal and Muskahat over-against Surat in the East-India's As for the Woods that are found here they naturally abound with Spices and Odours which in their Bloom send forth a grateful Smell which accosts the Mariners before they can see the Land and the Rivers are many the chief Harman Lar Prion Messinatis Betius c. and in the Arabian Fields or no where the Phoenix is said to Inhabit A Description of Chaldaea Assyria and Mesopotamia in their Countries and Provinces c. As also the Mountains Kingdoms c. THESE three Countries or Provinces are held to have been the Principal Body of the ●●mpire wherefore it is thought fit to place them together though in our Proceeding to Describe them we shall do it severally and First 1. CHALD AEA is bounded on the East with a Persian Province called Susina on the West with the Desert of Arabia on the South with the rest of Deserta and the Persian Gulf and on the North with Mesopotamia As for the Original from which this Country has its Name is uncertain however it is exceeding Fruitful yielding Corn in many places 2 and 300 Fold and Pliny affirms the Babylonians Mow their Corn twice a Year and Seed it a third time or else it would Produce nothing but Blades and here many hold the Terrestrial Paradice a Select Garden more Inriched by the Bounty of Heaven than any other part of the World and the Reason they give for it is because the Rivers mentioned in Scripture to flow from it are found in this Tract according to all circumstances the same though length of Time has caused corruption or alteration but rather in name than place c. and in this Country on the large Plains of Shinar was founded Babel signifying in the Hebrew Confusion where happened the first Confusion of Languages a work so Stupendious being the Business of almost all the Inhabitants of the Earth that before it was left off it began to rea● a Head of Majesty 5146 Cubits from the Ground having proportionable Basis and Circumference the Passages going up winding and so easie of Ascent that Horses and Carts might not only pass up it but meet and turn having Lodgings and Stations in them for Men and Beast and Earth spread upon the mighty Work for Corn Fields and all this foolishly undertaken to secure themselves in case of a second Deluge and would however had it not been prevented by the Divine Power according to the Model devised have Transcended the Clouds In this Tract was the City of Babylon in its Antient Glory the Walls of which was 46 Miles in Circuit 50 Cubits in heighth and of such a thickness that Carts and Carriages might meet on the top of it Finished in one Year by the daily Labour of 200000 Work-men Built on both sides the River Euphrates having its Communication by stately Bridges and is said when taken by Cyrus the Persian that he had possessed one part of it three days before the more remote Inhabitants knew the Enemy was entered but it has been since that time destroyed and removed so that at this day Bagdat is taken for Babylon Scituate on the River Tigris and now in the Possession of the Turk the other Places of note are Ctesiphon Sipparum Apamia Vologesia Borsipha and Balsora the Port of Bagdat or new Babylon Scituate at the Fall of Euphrates into Sinus Persicus a Place of great Trade and Wealth now in the hands of the Persians As for Mountains this Country affords not any and for Rivers the chief are Euphrates and Tigris The People anciently were much addicted to South-saying and Divination and held to be first Idolaters but now they are divided into several Sects and become a mixture of Christians Jews and Mahometans though once the Christian Faith Flourished here altogether as Planted by St. Peter who assures us that he was at Babylon in the latter end of his first Epistle 2. ASSYRIA is bounded on the East with Media on the West with Mesopotamia on the South with Susiana and on the North with some part of Turcomania and part of Chaldaea taking its name from Assur the Son of Sem who first Inhabited it though of late it has been called by other Names but this being warrantable by Scripture we shall the rather continue it As for the Countrey it is free from Hills unless such as render it very Commodious so that being watered with pleasant Springs and Rivers it is every where very Fruitful and the People were anciently very Warlike making themselves by their Arms Lords of the greatest part of the East extending

of Armenians Christians Jews Mahometa●s and some Idolaters The chief Rivers that Water this Countrey are the Tanais and Volga and the principal Mount Imaus which runs in a long Chain or Ridge branching however into divers Spurs c. A description of the Kingdom of China in its Provinces c. CHINA is a large Kingdom though not well known till the latter times to the Europeans bounded on the North with the Eastern Tartars and Altay separated from them by a continued Chain of Hills and a Wall of 400 Leagues in length furnished with Towers and so broad that a Cart may be driven on the top of it built as they give it out by Tzaintzon the 117th King of China The Southern boundards are partly Cochin-China a Province of the East India and partly the Ocean on the East with the Oriental Ocean and on the West with part of India and Cathaia and is indeed on all parts so hemmed in with Mountains Seas and Artificial Fortifications that it is no wonder Travellers missed it in their way to other Countreys This Kingdom according to the account of the Natives contains 15 Provinces viz. Canton Foqueit Olam Sisuam Tolenchia Cansay Miuchian Ochian Hionam Paguia Tuitan Quinchen Chagnian Susnam and Quinsay in which are Computed 591 Cities 1593 Walled Towns 4200 Unwalled Towns and 1154 Castles the whole Countrey being accounted 3000 Leagues in Circumference reaching from 130 to 160 Degrees of Longitude and from the Tropick of Cancer to the 53 Degree of Latitude lying under all the Climes from the Third to the Ninth so that the Air is very Temperate and Healthful by which the Natives are for the most part exempted from Sickness and live to an extream Age As for the Riches and Fertility it is very much even to admiration the people being very Industrious and the Soil as suitable so that in many places they have two and in most parts three Harvests in a Year nor do they spare to Plant and Sow the best of all kinds they can compass The chief Commodities coming from hence are Pearls Bezora Stones Wooll Cotton Olives Wine Flax Metals Fruit China Ware of sundry kinds Stuffs Carpets Embroideries Musk Amber c. The People are of a Swarthy Complexion especially those living towards the Southern parts short Nosed black Eyed with thin Beards wearing long Garments with loose Sleeves and Hair at its full growth they are much given to often eating but then they do it very sparingly not touching their Victuals with their hands but take it with a Fork made of Ebbony or Ivory from whom the Europeans learned the Fashion The Men are very Jealous of their Wives insomuch that they will not suffer them to go abroad nor sit at the Table with them if any Stranger be there unless some very near Kinsman however they permit them to go as Gay as they please about the House and one Trick has been brought into a Custom to prevent their desiring to ramble the which is by the hard binding up their Feet when Children to render them small that being accounted the greatest Ornament or Beauty so that being Cripled by that means they cannot go without pain As for their dead they bury them in Fields fifteen days after their decease They that are buried within the Walls of Cities c. being by them accounted most miserable Knowledge they have of the Deity and some marks and foot-steps of Christianity is remaining amongst them but so obscured that they live for the most part after the manner of the ancient Gentiles offering Sacrifices to the Devil thereby to appease him that he should do 'em no Mischief and will needs have the date of their Actions or the beginning of their Kingdom long before the Wor●d was made telling many strange and incredible Stories about the Creation c. In their Building and indeed in all their Actions they are very neat and the Countrey so populous though the Wars with the Tartars have somwhat lessened the number that some of their Kings have brought a Million of People into the Field and has seldom less than 1000 Ships of War though of no great Service in a readiness and 10000 lesser Vessels on several Rivers for carrying of Goods and Merchandise from place to place yet so jealous are they of Strangers prying into their Affairs that in some Cities 't is Death for any but a Native to lodge a Night within the Walls nor is he permitted in the day time to enter without giving his name to a Publique Notary which when he returns he must see crossed out or where ever he is found he suffers for it The Towns and Cities are too Numerous to be particularly recited but the principal are Quinsay 100 Miles in Circuit with a Lake of 30 Miles compass within the Walls in the middle of which is an Island where the Emperor as he stiles himself has a Magnificent Pallace and is thought to contain Two millions of People Pequin or Pekin not much inferiour to the former in bigness but nothing in Trade and all the Countrey is so free from Hills or Mountains that the Chinese ride in Charriots made of Reeds or Canes which by the help of Sails is driven by the Wind as if drawn by Horses or floating upon the Water As for the Rivers they are but few and those proceed from great Lakes as wanting hills to give them Springs the principal are Aspthara Senus Ambactu and Cotiaris all Navigable and have over them a great Number of Bridges the Arches of some of them rising so high that a Ship under Sail may pass with as much ease as a Boat And as for the Customs arising by Trade they are so great that no Prince whatsoever receives so much upon the like occasion East India described in its Kingdoms and Provinces c. INDIA the largest Tract in the World going under one entire name or denomination except Tartary and China is bounded on the East with the Oriental Sea and a part of China on the West with the Dominions of the Persian Sophy and on the North with Branches of Mount Taurus that divide it from Tartary and on the South with the Indian Ocean The whole Countrey as most considerate persons affirm taking its name from the River Indus the most famous and noted in that part of Asia tho some will have it to be so called from the end or furthest extent of Asia and is extended from 106 to 159 degrees of Longitude and from the Equinoctial or Equator to 44 degrees of North Latitude as to the main Continent tho some Islands reckoned within the compass of India extend to 9 degrees South Latitude This Countrey to give it its due is in most parts exceeding pleasant and flourishing enjoying healthful and Temperate Air unless at some Seasons when the heat is excessive in the Southern parts the Summer continuing there much longer than with us so that they have in a manner Two Summers giving a

also Coneys Land and Water Fowl in great Plenty taking great Pride in Bracelets and Chains of certain Shells called Esurgnie which the● gather on the Coast and here are many great Rivers of fresh Water which together with Mountains of Snow render it very cold yet Wheat and ●ulse grows pretty kindly though but few Fruit Trees and here the Women Labour more than the Men and if so the Man who is allowed two or three Wives dye the Widows will not be induced to Marry again but continue in their sort of Mourning which is to daub the naked parts of their Body over with Coal-dust for in some parts of this Tract they go Naked both Men and Women VIRGINIA is a Country somewhat more pleasant than what we have described bounded on the North with Canada on the South with Florida on the East with Mare del Noort and on the West with the Woods of the Country the end of them not Discovered and is a Colony of the English along the Sea Coast and considerably upland so called in Honour of Queen Elizabeth that Virgin Queen and Glory of her Sex by Sir Walter Raleigh in the Year 1584. though by the Natives called Apalchen from a Town of that Name the Sea-coast only being Pleasant for as much as what lies more In-land is full of barren Mountains and rough Woods where notwithstanding the Natives Inhabit in poor and miserable Houses under sundry Chiefs or Petty Kings and yet frequently at War amongst themselves for those wretched Dwellings and sometimes make Inroads and Plunder the English Territories killing as many as fall within the compass of their Power and then Fly to their Woods and Fastness where they know they cannot without great hazard and danger be conveniently pursued The Country properly called Virginia extends from 34 to 38 Degrees of North Latitude and is very Temperate by reason of the frequent Breizes and refreshing Gales of Wind that allay the heat so that it affords abundance of Pleasant Valleys Spacious Fields Fruit Trees as in England yielding a greater Increase and has sundry Veins of Allom as also Pitch Turpentine Cedar and Olive Trees with many Pleasant Hills which are Planted as Vineyards store of Fish Fowl Cattle and above all sundry large Plantations of Tobacco especially upon James and York Rivers and have considerable Towns and Villages many of them well Fortified to prevent Incursion of the Savages whose Neighbouring Petty Princes the Governour obliges to pay Tribute and to send their Slaves if any outrage be committed by them in the Territories of the English to James Charles or any other Town appointed to be Punished according to the degree of the Fact and here the Natives such as border on the Plantation are much Civiliz'd in consideration of those that are more remote Trading with the English for Furrs Skins and Indian Corn which they fet with a Stick as we do our Beans which is the work and business of their Wives as soon as they have bought them of their Parents and Built them a House which for the most part is of Poles pleated on the Sides and Tops Hurdle-wise and if Female Children be Born they as soon as they are able go into the Field to work with their Mother but the Male goes along with his Father to shoot in the Woods and so Lazy are the Men that if they kill any considerable Game they leave it at a certain remarkable Tree and when they come home send their Wife to fetch it who dares not on pain of Death disoblige her Husband But this is only meant of the Natives for the English are there as here Governed by wholsom Laws and live for the most part in great Plenty MARYLAND lies on the South of Virginia in the same Tract divided from it only by some considerable Rivers and is as the former a Tobacco Plantation abounding likewise with Corn Cattle and considerable Gardens and Orchards of Fruit Trees Planted by the English. As for the Natives Bordering it they differ not in manner and quality from the former going mostly loosly Arrayed in Beasts skins Feathers compacted and armed with Bows and Darts NEW ENGLAND an English Colony in this Tract is bounded on the North-East with Norumbegua on the Southwest with Novum Belgium and on the other parts by the Woods and Sea coast scituate in the middle of the Temperate Zone between the degrees of 41 and 44 equally distant from the Artick Circle and the Tropick of Cancer which renders it very temperate and very agreeable to the Constitution of English Bodies the Soil being alike Fruitful if not in some places exceeding ours all sorts of Grain and Fruit trees common with us growing kindly there The Woods there are very great wherein for the most part the Native Indians dwell Fortefying themselves as in Towns or places of defence living upon Deer and such other Creatures as those vast Wildernesses whose extents are unknown to the English abound with there are in this Country store of Ducks Geese Turkies Pigeons Cranes Swans Partridges and almost all sort of Fowl and Cattle common to us in Old England together with Furs Amber Flax Pitch Cables Mast and in brief whatever may conduce to profit and pleasure the Native Indians in these parts are more tractable if well used than in any other many of them though unconverted often saying that our God is a good God but their Tanto evil which Tanto is no other than the Devil or a wicked Spirit that haunts them every Moon which obliges them to Worship him for fear though to those that are converted to Christianity he never appears This English Colony after many Attempts and bad Successes was firmly Established 1620 at what time New Plymouth was Built and Fortified so that the Indians thereby being over-aw'd suffered the Planters without controul to Build other Towns the chief of which are Bristol Boston Barstaple and others alluding to the Names of Sea Towns in Old England and are accommodated with many curious Havens commodious for Shipping and the Country watered with pleasant Rivers of extraordinary largeness so abounding with Fish that they are not taken for dainties The Religion professed is Presbyterial and for a long time they were all Governed at their own dispose and Laws made by a Convocation of Planters c. but of late they have submitted to receive a Governer from England NOVVM BELGIVM or the New Neither-land lies in this Tract on the South of New England extending from 38 to 41 degrees North Latitude a place into which the Hollanders intruded themselves considerable Woody which Woods naturally abound with Nuts and wild Grapes replenished with Deer and such Creatures as yield them store of Furrs as the Rivers and Plains do Fish and Fowl rich Pastures and Trees of extraordinary bigness with Flax Hemp and Herbage the ground very kindly bearing the Product of Europe and here the Natives such as live in Hutts and Woods go clad in Beasts Skins