Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	north_n	side_n	south_n	2,400	5	9.1749	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26162	The faithfull surveyour discovering divers errours in land measuring, and showing how to measure all manner of ground, and to plot it, and to prove the shutting by the chain onely ... / by George Atwell.	Atwell, George.	1658 (1658)	Wing A4163; ESTC R24190	96,139	143

streight line to the further side of the ground you are in both on your left hand and on your right so that you touch not upon the hedges nor incumber your self with wood bushes houses nor waters though you are driven to go nine or ten poles off at one end and but nine or ten links at the other Whatsoever others bid you always go parallel to the hedge regard it not for if you do so you shall have work enough till Wednesday What will these men do when they come at Hockley-brook It will hold them a week to measure a furlong streight and they have no way left but onely to equal one place with another by ghuess neither alas poor men do they know which way to go about to plot it whereby though they do hit the true quantitie by chance as the blinde man may shoot and hit a crow is that a true plat of the form and who knows not but brooks rivers the very seas themselves alter in time witnesse Hercules-pillers and how can they go parallel by this whim-wham Besides that by the plain-Table they do plot all as they go so that they had need have a great deal of fair weather no dewie mornings and because they know neither how to measure nor plot such a piece we have not had one that hath wrote of Surveying these thirty years but have been all as mute as fishes in it CHAP. III. How to set down your notes in your Field-book and to draw your station-lines by the plain-Table HAving made choise of your first station before you begin to measure take your field-book on the top of the first page write the name of the Parish first the ground lies in Secondly the year and day Thirdly the name of the close Fourthly measured by me and for I. R. contra W. R. or if you are indifferently hired on both sides write inter I. D. D. I. Fifthly your directour Sixthly your helper And Seventhly which way you went forward whether cum Sole or contra Solem Cum Sole in a pasture is when the hedge is on your left hand contra Solem when on the right Then in your field-book about two inches from the left side of the leaf draw a line with your pen streight down to the bottom of the leaf and on the left side about an inch from the line write A signifying the first station or the mark you stand on and close to it on the same side write O signifying the beginning of the line then if you intend to go contra Solem measure how many links are to the hedge or ditch on your right hand and set them down right against A on the right side of the line so all your lengths as you go in the station-line must be set down on the left side of that down-right line and all the breadths on the right side Yet before you go forward you must know these several things Prolegomena First That always a ditch must be measured with that ground on which the hedge standeth Secondly That you never need set up your Table at A unlesse there be another close adjoyning which you are also to measure nor yet at the last angle so that if the ground have four angles you need set up your instrument but at the second and third neither is there necessitie of setting it up at the third if you be sure you have measured all the station-lines right calling your Angles BCDE in order c. by reason you may set out the two last station-lines of any ground whatsoever by the scale and compasses by tranning the first of them and pricking the last as shall be shown more at large when we come to speak of measuring by the chain onely Thirdly If one of your sides be bushy woody watery c. that you cannot come at the hedge for such things leave that for the last so that it be a streight side for your plot will give you that side so that if you have done all right thitherto you cannot fail in that neither need you measure it save for triall sake Fourthly You must know that wheresoever you have two closes to be measured joyning together the station-line in one close serves also for the other and the additions in one close are the subtractions from the other Fifthly If a fair plot in colours be required you must still as you go in your station-lines take notice and set down in your field-book all Churches houses rivers ponds gates ways paths stiles arbors wind-mills great single trees woods c. which fall within compasse of your plot or square and set them down in your distance from the station-lines If they be not on the same side of the station-line that the hedge is on mark them with a crosse and draw them all in your fair plot in prospective in their proper colours with their manner of situation East or West North or South and your needle in any of your instruments will help you always making the north-North-side of your plot the over end as you may see in plots of countreys and at the bottom setting a scale of poles beautified with compartiments and a pair of compasses but your scale for this plot may if the ground be very large be smaller then that you measure by Sixthly Before you begin you must make choise of your scale wherein you are to consider the bignesse of the ground the bignesse of your paper and the price or value of the ground and whether on purchase or hiring and that for a longer or shorter time yet howsoever it is good though it be upon letting not to be too carelesse in it for I have been imployed upon letting between Sir John Crofts and Sir William Bryars yet before they concluded they agreed on a purchase by the acre upon the same measure therefore I seldome measure upon purchase with a scale more then 8 never above 10 in the inch nor upon hiring seldome above 10 never above 12. Seventhly Before you begin you must consider whereabouts of your ground you begin that so turning the length of the Table to the longest way of the ground and beginning at the like place of the paper as you do on the ground you may not taking too small a scale lay all that ground upon that sheet of paper or at least all that you can measure that day for it is somewhat troublesome to shift your paper in the field or to fall beside it for a piece of a close for which if you do we will give you these five remedies 1. If it be but a small matter and presently comes on again you may lift up the rulers and that paper which they hold down cut it so that so much as you need may lie upon the rulers 2. If that will not be enough you may make your station-line that you came or else do come on shorter then indeed it should be by 10 or 20 pole taking the next

and the Sun as afore Then again about three a clock in the afternoon watch where the Suns shaddow falls just on the same circle again and then set up two other sticks so that they may meet in the same centre divide the space between the two furthest sticks into two equall parts and mark that for your meridian-line But lest the Sun should not shine when it comes to that circle you may make severall circles upon the board and stick up marks where the Sun comes at them forenoon and afternoon If both these ways fail this third way is better then either of them In the evening go Southward of the place where you would haue your diall three or four pole turn your face Northward moving Eastward or Westward till you see the North-pole and the place where you will have the meridian of your diall both in a line which by looking over the house you may the better do if you get one to hold a pole a slope with a line tyed to the end thereof and a plummet to it If now the line the meridian-place on the wall and the North-pole are all in a line you are right there stick up a stick till morning another right behinde it for just there is your meridian-line Now to know the pole you may easily ghuess at it near enough for it is a point in the heavens in a right line between the hinder horse of Charles-wain called Alliot and the polar-star so far off f●om the pole-star as the pole-star is from the next star to it so that if Alliot be just beyond the polar star then is the polar-star full North è contra A fourth way is this in some plain place near hand where you may see both ways set a mark go South two or three pole then move Eastward or Westward till you see the pole-star right beyond the first staff there set another or rather pitch two good stones like grave stones in Church-yards for so they will not onely serve for this business but also give the hour of the night to a minute by knowing the right ascention of the Sun and stars The use we make of it here is double first it helps us to set out the meridian-line every where near hand for if standing here at the North stone you see the Sun right over a stick or pole holden at the South you run presently set your back against the wall where you would have your diall and set up two sticks between the Sun and you you have a meridian-line desired Having a meridian in some open and plain place to finde the Azumeth set up a stick at the South-end of your meridian-line measure back in it 50 links there make your centre A thence measure 50 forward in the Sun-line measure the distance of those two fifties and plot it then take 60 off your scale of chords and do as in the last rule Having the Azumeth to finde the angle of the wall and Sun by help of the last figure Sometime you are in such a place where you cannot set out a meridian-line yet you may always set out an Azumeth or Sun-line which elswhere I call the angle of the wall and Sun Now finding your Azumeth as in the last rule come presently from thence not staying to cast it up or plot it but presently measure 50 by the wall and 50 in the Sun-line and their distance and then plot both the triangles and finde the degrees of both angles at the centre as afore so have you both the Suns Azumeth and the angle of the wall and Sun Then making a circle with two cross diameters first set out your Azumeth from the South if it was taken in the morning then on the East if in the after-noon on the West Then always reckon backward the angle of the wall and Sun in the course of the Sun and from thence draw a line through the centre representing the wall-line as in the last diagram the distance between that and the East and West line in the circle is the declination of the wall desired And although the Sun be newly gone off the wall or not yet come on by help of the shadow of the end of the wall and these former helps you may finde the declination Onely in stead of setting your Azumeth backward you must set it forward in the course of the Sun if you take it before it shines on the wall And all this may be done by a two-foot rule or yard or a boyes cat-stick CHAP. XV. Of colouring and beautifying of plots IN beautifying of plots it is necessary that you draw a square round about the plot the upper-upper-end whereof shall represent the north-North-side the nether line the South the right-side line the East but you must help your self to these by taking a meridian-line first in the field and drawing a meridian-line through the first plot Secondly Examine your former plot how many chains or poles your plot reacheth from North to South and from East to West and thereby make choise of such a scale that you may lay the whole Lordship within the said square according to the Northing and Southing and distance Or else you may draw your plot first by what scale you will and then draw the square afterward Thirdly Fill the out-borders between the square and the demeans at least such as border next to the demeans with the bordering hedges and names or owners names of the grounds Fourthly Whatsoever you write write it from West to East unless it be the proper name of some river or high-way or such like For if the North be upward the West will be on the left hand Fifthly Describe all houses ways rivers Churches wind-mills arbours great lone-trees gates stiles c. that fall within your plot as also the Lordship-house with other edifices in a corner by it self and the Lords coat in another corner the house being drawn in prospective Sixthly Describe at the bottom the scale that you drew it by adorning it with compasses ovalls squares and compartiments c. Seventhly Having drawn all your severall grounds and distinguished them with their hedges it will not be amiss first to pounce over the paper or parchment with some stanish grain and burnt Allome and a double quantitie of pounced rosen both finely searced and lightly pumiced thereby to preserve the paper or parchment from through-piercing with the colours Then lay on your colours in manner following being first ground and bound with gum-water very thin and bodiless Arable for corn you may wash with pale straw-colour made of yellow-ocre and white-lead For meadows take pink and verdigrease in a light green Pasture in a deep green of pink azure and smalts Fenns a deep green as also heaths of yellow and indico Trees a sadder green of white-lead and verdigrease For mud-walls and ways mix white-lead and rust of iron or with ocres brown of Spain for white-stone take umber and white water or glass may