Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	north_n	side_n	south_n	2,400	5	9.1749	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A22928	The naturall and morall historie of the East and West Indies Intreating of the remarkable things of heaven, of the elements, mettalls, plants and beasts which are proper to that country: together with the manners, ceremonies, lawes, governments, and warres of the Indians. Written in Spanish by the R.F. Ioseph Acosta, and translated into English by E.G.; Historia natural y moral de las Indias. English	Acosta, José de, 1540-1600.; Grimeston, Edward, attributed name.	1604 (1604)	STC 94; ESTC S100394	372,047	616

to the end that if the other ship should chance to arrive there they should have newes of their Generall and follow They passed the Straight in a favourable time without difficultie and passing into the north sea they came to certaine vnknowne Ilandes where they tooke in fresh water and other refreshings From thence they tooke their course towardes Cape de Vert from whence the Pilote maior returned to Peru by the way of Carthagene and Panama carrying a discourse of the Straight to the Viceroy and of all their successe of whom he was well rewarded for his good service But Captaine Peter Sarmiento sailed from Cape Vert to Seville in the same ship wherewith he had passed the Straight and went to Court where his Maiestie rewarded him and at his instance gave commaundement to prepare a great army which he sent vnder the commaund of Diego Flores de Valdes to people and fortifie this Straight But this army after variable successe spent much and profited little Returning now to the Viceadmiralles shippe which went in company of the Generall having lost him in the storme they tooke the sea but the wind being contrary and stormy they looked all to perish so as they confessed themselves and prepared for death This tempest continued three dayes without intermission and hourely they feared to runne on ground but it fel out contrary for they went still from land vntill the ende of the third day that the storme ceased and then taking the height they found themselves in fiftie sixe degrees but seeing they had not crossed and yet were farre from land they were amazed whereby they surmized as Hernando Lamero tolde me that the land which is on the other side of the Straight as wee goe by the south sea runnes not the same o romer that it doth to the Straight but that it turneth to the East for else it were impossible but they shoulde have touched land having runne so long time with this crosse winde but they passed on no further neyther coulde they discover the lands end which some holde to be there whether it were an Iland on the other side of the Straight where the two seas of North and South doe ioyne together or that it did runne vppe towardes the East and ioyne with the land of Vesta as they call it which answers to the Cape of Good Hope as it is the opinion of some The trueth hereof is not to this day well knowne neither is there any one found that hath discovered that land The Viceroy Don Martin Henrique sa●de vnto me that he held this report for an ●nvention of the English that the Straight should pr●sen●lie make an Iland and that the two seas did ioyne together for that beeing Viceroy of New Spaine hee had diligently examined the Portugall Pilote who had bin left there by Francis Drake and yet had no knowledge of any such matter by him But that was a very Straight and a maine land on either side Returning then to the saide Viceadmirall they discovered this Straight as the saide Hernando Lamero reported vnto mee but by another mouth or entrie and in a greater height by reason of a certaine great Iland which is at the entrie of the Straight which they call the Bell for the forme it carries And as he saide hee woulde have passed it but the Captaine and souldiers woulde not yeelde therevnto supposing that the time was too farre spent and that they were in great daunger And so they returned to Chille and Peru without passing it Of the Straight which some holde to be in Florida CHAP. 12. EVen as Magellan found out this Straight vppon the South so some have pretended to discover another Straight which they say is in the north and suppose it to be in Florida whose coast runs in such sort as they knowe no end thereof Peter Melendez the Adelantade a man very expert at sea affirmeth for certaine that there is a Straight and that the King had commanded him to discover it wherein he shewed a great desire he propounded his reasons to proove his opinion saying that they have seene some remainders of shippes in the North sea like vnto those the which the Chinois vse which had beene impossible if there were no passage from one sea vnto another Moreover he reported that in a certaine great Bay in Florida the which runnes 300. leagues within the land they see Whales in some season of the yeere which come from the other sea Shewing moreover other likelihood he concludes that it was a thing agreeing with the wisedome of the Creator and the goodly order of nature that as there was communication and a passage betwixt the two seas at the Pole Antartike so there should in like sort be one at the Pole Artike which is the principall Pole Some will say that Drake had knowledge of this Straight and that he gave occasion so to iudge whenas he passed along the coast of new Spaine by the South sea Yea they hold opinion that other Englishmen which this yeere 1587. tooke a shippe comming from the Philippines with great quantitie of gold and other riches did passe this straight which prize they made neere to the Calliphornes which course the ships returning from the Philippines and China to new Spaine do vsually observe They confidently beleeve that as the courage of man is great and his desire infinite to finde new meanes to inrich himselfe so within few yeeres this secret will be discovered And truly it is a thing worthie admiration that as the Ants do alwaies follow the trace of other so men in the knowledge and search of new things never stay vntill they have attained the desired end for the content and glorie of men And the high and eternall wisedome of the Creator vseth this curiositie of men to communicate the light of his holy Gospell to people that alwaies live in the obscure darkenesse of their errors But to conclude the straight of the Artike Pole if there be any hath not been yet discovered It shall not therefore be from the purpose to speake what we know of the particularities of the Antartike straight already discovered and knowne by the report of such as have seene and observed it Of the properties of the Straight of Magellan CHAP. 13. THis Straight as I have said is iust fiftie degrees to the South and from one sea to another fourscore and ten or a hundred leagues in the narrowest place it is a league and little lesse wher● it was intended the King should build a Fort to defend the passage It is so deepe in some places that it cannot be sounded and in some places they finde grovnd at 18. yea at 15. fadomes Of these hundred leagues which it containes in length from one sea vnto the other it is plainely seene that the waves of the South sea runne 30. leagues and the other 70. are possessed with the billowes and waves of the North sea But there is this difference

kingdome shall bee the Lordes This hath beene set downe acording to the letter but the hebrew Authors reade it thus And the transmigration of this O●t of the childrens which be the Cananites vnto Zarphat which is France and the transmigration of Ierusalem which is in Sapharad vnderstood for Spaine shall possesse for inheritance the Cities of the South and those which procure salvation shall mount vp to the hill of Sion to iudge the mount of Esau and the kingdome shall be the Lords Yet some of them doe not produce any sufficient testimony of the Ancients nor pertinent reasons to proove that Sapharad which S. Ierome doth interpret the Bosphor or Straight and the 70. Interpreters Euphrates should signifie Spaine but their onely opinion Others alleage the Caldean Paraphrase which is of this opinion and the ancient Rabbins which expound it on this sort as also that Zarphat is France which the vulgar and the 70 Interpreters call Sarepte But leaving this dispute which belongs to men of more leisure what necessitie is there to beleeve that the citties of the South or of Mageb as the 70 write be those of this new world Moreover what need is there to beleeve and to take the Spanish Nation for the transmigration from Ierusalem to Sapharad vnlesse we will vnderstand Ierusalem spiritually and thereby the Church So as by the transmigration from Ierusalem to Sapharad the holy spirite shewes vs the children of the holy Church which inhabit the ends of the earth the banks of the Sea for so is Sapharad vnderstood in the Syrian tongue and doth well agree with our Spaine which according to the Ancients is the ende of the earth beeing in a manner all invironed with Sea And by the Citties of the South we may well vnderstand these Indies seeing the greatest parte of this newe worlde is seated in the South and the better part looks to the Pole Antartike That which followeth is easie to interpret viz. They which procure Salvation shall ascend the hill of Sion to iudge the mount of Esau. For wee may say they vnite themselves to the doctrine and strength of the holy Church which seeke to breake and disperse the prophane errors of the Gentiles for that may be interpreted to iudge the mount of Esau whereby it followes that in those daies the Realme shall neyther bee for the Spaniards nor for them of Europe but for Iesus Christ our Saviour Whosoever shall expound the Prophecie of Abdias in this sort ought not to be blamed being most certaine that the holy Spirit did vnderstand all secrets long before And it seemes there is great reason to beleeve that mention is made in the holy Scripture of a matter of such importance as the discoverie of the Indies of the new world and their conversion to the faith Isay saith in these wordes Oh the wings of ships which come from the other part of Ethiopia Many learned Authors hold that al this Chapter is vnderstood of the Indies and that same Prophet in an other place saith Those which shall escape out of Israel shal goe farre off to Tharsis and to remote Ilands where they shal convert many Nations vnto the Lorde Amongest the which hee names Greece Italie Affricke with many others the which without doubt may well bee applied vnto the conversion of the Indies Being most certaine that the Gospel shall be preached generally throughout the world as our Saviour hath promised and then the ende of the world shall come It followes then and so we ought to vnderstand it that there be many Nations vpon the face of the earth to whom Iesus Christ hath not yet been preached Whereby we may gather that there remained a great part of the world vnknowne to the Ancients and that yet at this day there is a good part to discover By what meanes the first men might come to the Indies the which was not willingly nor of set purpose CHAP. 16. NOw it is time to make answer to such as say there are no Antipodes and that this region where we live cannot bee inhabited The huge greatnes of the Ocean did so amaze S. Augustine as he could not conceive how mankinde could passe to this new-found world But seeing on the one side wee know for certaine that many yeeres agoe there were men inhabiting in these parts so likewise we cannot deny but the scripture doth teach vs cleerely that all men are come from the first man without doubt we shall be forced to beleeve and confesse that men have passed hither from Europe Asia or Affricke yet must wee discover by what meanes they could passe It is not likely that there was an other Noes Arke by the which men might be transported into the Indies and much lesse any Angell to carie the first man to this new world holding him by the haire of the head like to the Prophet Abac●c for we intreat not of the mightie power of God but only of that which is conformable vnto reason the order and disposition of humane things Wherefore these two things ought to be held for wonderfull and worthie of admiration yea to bee numbred among the secrets of God The one is how man could passe so huge a passage by Sea and Lande The other is that there beeing such multitudes of people they have yet beene vnknowne so many ages For this cause I demaund by what resolution force or industrie the Indians could passe so large a Sea and who might be the Inventer of so strange a passage Truely I have often times considered thereof with my selfe as many others have done but never could I finde any thing to satisfie mee Yet will I say what I have conceived and what comes presently into my minde seeing that testimonies faile mee whom I might follow suffering my selfe to be guided by the rule of reason although it be very subtill It is most certaine that the first men came to this land of Peru by one of these two meanes either by land or by sea If they came by sea it was casually and by chance or willingly of purpose I vnderstand by chance being cast by force of some storme or tempest as it happens in tempestuous times I meane done of purpose when they prepared fleetes to discover new lands Besides these two meanes I see it is not possible to find out any other if wee will follow the course of humane things and not devise fabulous and poeticall fictions for no man may thinke to finde another Eagle as that of Ganimede or a flying Horse like vnto Perseu● that should carie the Indians through the aire or that peradventure these first men haue vsed fishes as Mir-maides or the fish called a Nicholas to passe them thither But laying aside these imaginations and fopperies let vs examine these two meanes the which will bee both pleasant and profitable First in my iudgement it were not farre from reason to say that the first and auncient people of these

land makes restitution casting his capes points and tongues farre into the sea piercing into the bowelles thereof In some partes one element ends and another beginnes yeelding by degrees one vnto another In some places where they ioyne it is exceeding deepe as in the Ilands of the South Sea and in those of the North whereas the shippes ride close to the land and although they sound three score and tenne yea foure score fadomes yet do they finde no bottome which makes men coniecture that these are pikes or poynts of land which rise vp from the bottome a matter woorthy of great admiration Heerevpon a very expert Pilote said vnto me that the Ilands which they call of Woolves and others that lie at the entry of the coast of New Spaine beeing called Cocos were of this manner Moreover there is a place in the midst of the great Ocean without the view of land and many leagues from it where are seene as it were two towers or pikes of a very high elevated rocke rising out of the middest of the sea and yet ioyning vnto it they finde no bottome No man can yet perfectly comprehend nor conceive the full and perfect forme of the land at the Indies the boundes being not wholy discovered to this day yet wee may ghesse that it is proportioned like a heart with the lungs The broadest of this heart is from Bresill to Peru the poynt at the straight of Magellan and the top where it ends is the firme land and there the continent begins by little and litle to extend itselfe vntill wee come to the height of Florida and the vpper landes which are not yet well discovered We may vnderstand other particularities of this land at the Indies by the Commentaries which the Spaniards have written of their successe and discoveries and amongest the rest of the Peregrination which I have written which in trueth is strange and may give a great light This in my opinion may suffice at this time to give som knowledge of things at the Indies touching the common elements of the which all parts of the worlde are famed THE FOVRTH BOOKE of the Naturall and Morall Historie of the Indies Of three kindes of mixtures or compounds of the which I must intreate in this Historie CHAP. 1. HAving intreated in the former booke of that which concernes the Elements and the simples of the Indies in this present booke we will discourse of mixtures and compounds seeming fit for the subiect we shall treate of And although there be many other sundrie kindes yet we will reduce this matter into three which are Mettalls Plants and Beasts Mettalls are as plants hidden and buried in the bowels of the earth which have some conformitie in themselves in the forme and maner of their production for that wee see and discover even in them branches and as it were a bodie from whence they grow and proceede which are the greater veines and the lesse so as they have a knitting in themselves and it seemes properly that these minerales grow like vnto plants not that they have any inward vegitative life being onely proper to plants but they are engendered in the bowels of the earth by the vertue and force of the Sunne and other planets and in long continuance of time they increase and multiply after the maner of plants And even as mettalls be plants hidden in the earth so we may say that plants be living creatures fixed in one place whose life is maintained by the nourishment which Nature furnisheth from their first begnning But living creatures surpasse plants in that they have a more perfect being and therefore have neede of a more perfect foode and nourishment for the search whereof Nature hath given them a moving and feeling to discover and discerne it So as the rough and barren earth is as a substance and nutriment for mettalls and that which is fertile and better seasoned a nourishment for plants The same plants serve as a nourishment for living creatures and the plants and living creatures together as a nourishment for men the inferiour nature alwaies serving for the maintenance and sustentation of the superiour and the lesse perfect yeelding vnto the more perfect whereby we may see how much it wants that gold and silver and other things which men so much esteeme by their covetousnesse should be the happines of man wherevnto he should tend seeing they be so many degrees in qualitie inferior to man who hath been created and made onely to be a subiect to serve the vniversall Creator of all things as his proper end and perfect rest and to which man all other things in this world were not propounded or left but to gaine this last end Who so would consider of things created and discourse according to this Philosophie might draw some fruite from the knowledge and consideration thereof making vse of them to know and glorifie their Author But he that would passe on farther to the knowledge of their properties and profits and would curiously search them out hee shall finde in these creatures that which the Wiseman saies that they are snares and pitfalles to the feete of fooles ignorant into the which they fall and loose themselves daily To this intent therefore and that the Creator may be glorified in his creatures I pretend to speake of some things in this Booke whereof there are many at the Indies worth the report touching mettalls plants and beasts which are proper and peculiar in those parts But for that it were a great worke to treate thereof exactly and requires greater learning and knowledge yea much more leisure then I have my intent is only to treate of some things succinctly the which I have observed as well by experience as the report of men of credite touching these three things which I have propounded leaving to men more curious and diligent to treate more amply of these matters Of the aboundance and great quantitie of Mettall at the West Indies CHAP. 2. THe wisedome of God hath made mettalls for phisicke and for defence for ornament and for instruments for the worke of men of which foure things we may easily yeelde examples but the principall end of mettalls and the last thereof is for that the life of man hath not onely neede of nourishment as the beasts but also he must worke and labour according vnto the reason and capacitie which the Creator hath given him And as mans vnderstanding doth apply it selfe to divers artes and faculties so the same Author hath given order that hee should finde matter and subiect to diverse artes for the conservation reparation suretie ornament and exaltation of his workes The diversitie therefore of mettalls which the Creator hath shut vp in the closets and concavities of the earth is such and so great that man drawes profit and commoditie from everie one of them Some serve for curing of diseases others for armes and for defence against the enemies some are for ornament

aiding himselfe with his best iudgement being therevnto bound by the duetie and charge of a king Who will likewise beleeve that the great courage which thou hast alwaies valiantly shewed in matters of importance shuld now faile thee in matters of greatest need Who will not perswade himselfe but the Mexicane Empire is come to the height of their soveraignetie seeing the Lorde of things created hath imparted so great graces vnto thee that with thy looke onelie thou breedest admiration in them that beholde thee Reioyce then O happy land to whom the Creator hath given a Prince as a firme pillar to support thee which shall be thy father and thy defence by whom thou shalt be succoured at neede who wil be more than a brother to his subiects for his pietie and clemencie Thou hast a king who i● regard of his estate is not inclined to delights or will lie stretched out vpon his bed occupied in pleasures and vices but contrariwise in the middest of his sweete and pleasant sleepe hee will sodainely awake for the care he must have over thee and will not feele the taste of the most savourie ●eates having his spirites transported with the imagination of thy good Tell me then O happie realme if I have not reason to saie that 〈◊〉 oughtest reioyce having found such a King And th●●●●ble Yong man and our most mightie Lorde be confident and of ● good courage that seeing the Lorde of things created hath given thee this charge hee will also give thee for●● and courage to mannage it and thou maiest well hope th●● he which in times past hath vsed so great bountie towardes thee wil not now denie thee his greater gifts seeing he hath given thee so great a charge which I wish thee to enioy ma●● yeares King Moteçuma was very attentive to this Discourse which being ended they say he was so troubled that indevouring thrice to answer him hee could not speake being overcome with teares which ioy and content doe vsually cause in signe of great humilitie In the end being come to himselfe he spake brie●ly I were too blinde good king of Tescuco if I didde not know that what thou hast spoken vnto me proceeded of meere favour it pleaseth you to shew me seeing among so m●nie noble valiant men within this realme you have made ch●●●● of the le●st sufficient and in trueth I finde my selfe so incapable of a charge of so great importance that I know not what to doe but to beseech the Creator of all created things that hee will favour mee and I intreate you all to pray vnto him for me These wordes vttered hee beganne againe to weepe How Moteçuma ordered the service of his house and of the warre hee made for his coronation CHA. 21 HE that in his election made such shew of humilitie and mildenes seeing himselfe king beganne presently to discover his aspiring thoughts The first was he commaunded that no plebeian should serve in his house nor beare any royall office as his predecesfours had vsed till then blaming them that would be served by men of base condition commaunding that all the noble and most famous men of his realme shoulde live within his pallace and exercise the offices of his court and house Wherevnto an olde man of great authoritie who had sometimes beene his Schoolemaister opposed himselfe advising him to be carefull what hee did and not to thrust himselfe into the danger of a great inconvenience in separating himselfe from the vulgare and common people so as they should not dare to looke him in the face seeing themselves so reiected by him He answered that it was his resolution and that he would not allow the plebeians to goe thus mingled among the Nobles as they had do one saying that the service they did was according to their condition so as the kings got no reputation and thus he continued firme in his resolution Hee presently commanded his counsell to dismisse all the pleb●ians from their charges and offices as well those of his houshold as of his court and to provide Knightes the which was done After he went in person to an enterprise necessary for his coronation At that time a province lying farre off towards the North Ocean was revolted from the crowne whether he led the flower of his people well appointed There hee warred with such valour and dexteritie that in the end he subdued all the province and punished the rebells severely returning with a great number of captives for the sacrifices and many other spoiles All the cities made him solemne receptions at his returne and the Lords thereof gave him water to wash performing the offices of servants a thing not vsed by any of his predecessors Such was the feare and respect they bare him In Mexico they made the feasts of his coronation with great preparations of dances comedies banquets lights and other inventions for many daies And there came so great a wealth of tributes from all his countries that strangers vnknowne came to Mexico and their very enemies resorted in great numbers disguised to see these feasts as those of Tlascalla and Mechovacan the which Moteçuma having discovered he commanded they should be lodged and gently intreated and honoured as his own person He also made them goodly galleries like vnto his owne where they might see and behold the feasts So they entred by night to those feasts as the king himselfe making their sportes and maskes And for that I have made mention of these provinces it shall not be from the purpose to vnderstand that the inhabitants of Mechovacan Tlascalla and Tapeaca would never yeelde to the Mexicans but did alwaies fight valiantly against them yea sometimes the Mechovacans did vanquish the Mexicans as also those of Tapeaca did In which place the Marquise Don Ferrand Cortes after that he and the Spaniards were expelled Mexico pretended to build their first cittie the which he called as I well remember Segura de la Frontiere But this peopling continued little for having afterwards reconquered Mexico all the Spaniards went to inhabite there To conclude those of Tapeaca Tlascalla and Mechovacan have beene alwaies enemies to the Mexicans although Motoçuma said vnto Cortes that he did purposesy forbeare to subdue them to have occasion to exercise his men of warre and to take numbers of captives Of the behaviour and greatnes of Moteçuma CHAP. 22. THis King laboured to be respected yea to be worshiped as a god No Plebeian might looke him in the face if he did he was punished with death hee did never set his foote on the ground but was alwaies carried on the shoulders of Noblemen and if he lighted they laid rich tapestry whereon he did go When hee made any voyage hee and the Noblemen went as it were in a parke compassed in for the nonce and the rest of the people went without the parke invironing it in on every side hee never put on a garment twice nor did eate or drinke in one vessell