Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	north_n	point_n	west_n	1,518	5	9.4299	5	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A15752	A short treatise of dialling shewing, the making of all sorts of sun-dials, horizontal, erect, direct, declining, inclining, reclining; vpon any flat or plaine superficies, howsoeuer placed, with ruler and compasse onely, without any arithmeticall calculation. By Edvvard Wright.; Arte of dialing	Wright, Edward, 1558?-1615.	1614 (1614)	STC 26023; ESTC S111551	14,891	53

the Horizon you shall thus know whether it be direct or declining First draw therein a line parallel to the Horizon after this manner holde the Clinatory to the flat in such sort that the plumbline may fall vpon one of the sides of the quadrant then draw a line by the nether side of the Clinatory in recliners or by the vpper side in incliners or by either of those sides in erect flats for that line shall be parallel or aequidistant to the Horizon and may be called the Horizontall line Set the North side of the Cliniatorie to this liue if the North end of the needle looke towards the flat then if the Magnetical Meridian be right vnder the needle it is a direct flat but if it differ from it it is declining and that so much as that difference is and that way which the North end of the needle declineth from the Northend of the Meridian line in the clinatory 4 If the Southend of the needle looke towards the flat made your account contrary wise CHAP. IV. The third diuision of Dials either agreeing with the plaine of the Meridian or disagreeing from the same ALl flats doe either agree with the plaine of the Meridian circle which may therefore bee called meridian flats or else they disagree from the same 2 They are knowne thus If the flat bee erect and declining 90. degrees it is a Meridian flat otherwise it is no Meridian flat and then you must first draw therin the meridian line after this maner 3 If the flat be Horizontal take the clinatory and lay it flat downe thereupon and turning it about till the needle hang precisely ouer the Magneticall meridian by that side thereof that is parallel to the true Meridian line of the Clinatory drawe a right line for that shal be the Meridian line desired 4 In erect flats the Meridian line is perpendicular and therefore laying the Clinatory close to such a flat in such sort that the plumbline hang precisely on either side of the quadrant a line drawne by the side of the clinatory parallel to that side of the quadrant shall be the meridian line 5 In direct flats a line perpendicular to the line aequidistant from the Horizon is the Meridian line we seeke for 6 In flats reclining or inclining declining also 90. degrees which are commonly called East or West reclining or inclining the meridian line is parallel to the horizon 7 For alother inclining or reclining withall declining flats drawe a line vpon some pastbord or paper which shall bee called the horizontal meridian AB wherein settingone foot of your coÌ„passes with the other draw an arch of a circle therin reckon the complement of the declination FC drawing a right line BC. by the end thereof out of the center B. This right line you shall crosse squire-wise with another as AC which may be called the base of inclination or reclination and must also meet with the horizontall meridian at A. and setting one foot of your compasses in the crossing at C. with the other foote draw an arke counting therein the complement of the reclination or inclination AG. drawing a right line by the end therof out of the center of the foresaid ark CGD from A erect AD. perpendicular to AC which may meet with CGD the line of reclination or inclination at D. Also from A. draw the line AF. perpendicular to the horozontal meridian AB in the point A. and equal to the former perpendicular AD. and from the end therof draw a line to the center of the arke of declination B. Then continuing foorth AC to N. that CN be equall to CD from N. you shall draw a line to B. which if you haue wrought truely must be equall to BE. Now the angle contained betweene the lines NB. and BC. sheweth how much the Meridian line in your Diall ground should be distant from the line which you drew aequidistant to the Horizon heere represented by BC. In this line therefore in the Dial ground set one foote of your compasses and extending the other that way which the Diall declineth drawe an arke of a circle vpwards in recliners but downewards in incliners and therein count the said angle from the line parallel to the Horizon and drawe by the end thereof a line which shall bee the true Meridian in the Dial ground 8 From A draw AH perpendicular to EB make BI equal to BH from I. let IK be drawn perpendicular to BN make CL. equal to CK and drawe a line from L to A. of these three lines AH IK and LA. make the triangle AHM. for then the angle AHM. is the angle which the dial ground maketh with the plain of the meridian CHAP. V. To finde the eleuation of the Meridian line aboue the Horizon THe Meridian line is either parallel to the Horizon or else eleuated the one end higher then the other 2 If the flat bee either horizontal or East or West and inclining or reclining the meridian is parallel to the Horizon 3 In all other flats that disagree from the plaine of the Meridian circle the Meridian line is eleuated the one end higher then the other 4 This eleuation is either vpright as in all erect Dials not declining 90. degrees or else leaning as in all inclining and reclining flats not declining 90 degrees which if they be direct is equall to the complement of reclination or inclination 5 But if they decline then the angle ABE in the former figure is the eleuation of the Meridian line 6 If the meridian line bee not erect it leaueth either Northwards when the eleuated end thereof looketh towards the North or else Southwards when the eleuated end looketh towards the South 7 All flats are either Polar which being continued would goe by the poles of the world as all leaning flats wherein the eleuation of the meridian line is Northwards and equall to the poles eleuation and all erect decliners 90. degrees Otherwise they are no polar flats CHAP. VI. The describing of the figure of the Diall first on paper or pasteboard NOw it shall bee best to take a sheet of paper or rather a pastebord that you may therein describe the figure of your Dial before you draw the Diall it selfe vpon his ground that is vpon the Truncke Stone wall c. 2 This paper or pasteboord therefore you shall place or vnderstand to be placed so as your Dial ground is or must be placed and therein write the names of the parts of the world as they lie in respect of your Dial ground as East West North South Zenith Nadir vpper part nether part c. which you may do by helpe of the magnetical needle for the North end thereof hanging at liberty sheweth the North whereto the South is diametrally opposite and your face being turned towards the North your right hand sheweth the East your left hand the West the Zenith

or verticall point is aboue your head the Nadir vnder your feete Note also which end of the Meridian line must be higher and which lower if the Meridian be not parallel to the Horizon CHAP. VII The making of Aequinoctiall Dials ALl Diall grounds are aequinoctiall or not aequinoctiall 2 An aequinoctiall ground is that which agreeth euen with the plaine of the aequinoctiall Circle which is thus knowne If the Diall ground be direct and the Meridian line eleuated Southwards equally to the complement of the poles eleuation it is an Equinoctiall Diall ground otherwise not 3 In an Equinoctial Dial you shall describe the houre lines after this manner 4 Set one foot of your Compasses in the Meridian line AB and with the other drawe a circle DBC and deuide it into 24. equall parts as D. E. F. G. c. beginning at B. the crossing therof with the Meridian line for then right lines as AD. AE AF. AG. c. in the 1. and 2. figure drawne out of the Center by those diuisions shall bee the houre lines 5 The stile must stand vpright out of the center of the Diall 6 Of Equinoctiall Dials there be two sorts the vpper and the nether 7 The vpper Equinoctial Diall looketh vpwards to the eleuated Pole of the world And it sheweth the houre of the day onely in the Spring and Summer time as in the first figure 8 The nether or lower Equinoctial dial is that which looketh downewards to that Pole of the world which is beneath the Horizons and sheweth the houres onely in Autumne and Winter as in the second figure CHAP. VIII The finding of the substilar line and stile in grounds not Equinoctiall direct and Polar IN all Dial grounds that are not Equinoctiall the substilar line and the distance of the stile from the substilar must bee found 2 The substilar line is that right ouer which the stile must be set 3 The distance of the stile from the substilar is the angle or space contained betweene the stile and the substilar line 4 The finding out of these is diuers in diuers kinds and therefore must bee specially shewed in each kinde 5 In direct Dial grounds not Equinoctiall and Polars not Meridian the substilar line is the same with the Meridian line or else parallel thereto in declining polars 6 In Polar ground agreeing with the plaine of the Meridian the substilar line may thus be found 7 Set one foot of the compasses in the South-end of the line that you drawe equidistant from the Horizon and extending the other foot towards the North end of the same line draw an arke of a circle therein reckon the eleuation of the Pole beginning at the foresaid line for a right line drawne thereby out of the center shall be the substilar line AB figure 3. 8 In al Polar grounds draw a parallel CD figu 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. to the substilar line at a conuenient distance from the same for that shall be the line representing the stile CHAP. IX The finding of the distance of the stile from the Meridian line in Dials that be neither equinoctial nor polar IN all Dial grounds that be not aequinoctiall nor polar before the substilar line and distance of the stile from it can be found first the distance of the stile from the Meridian line must be found after this maner 2 If the Meridian line be parallel to the Horizon as BC. the distance of the stile from the Meridian line is equal to the height of the Pole as BR 3 But if the eleuation of the Meridian be either vpright as AG. or leaning towards the North and withall greater then the Poles eleuation as AH the height of the Pole BR taken out of the height of the Meridian line BH or BG shal leaue the distance of the stile from the Meridian line RH or RG 4 If the eleuation of the meridian line be Northwards and lesse then the height of the Pole as BI take the eleuation of the meridian line BI out of the height of the pole BR and there shall remaine the distance of the stile from the Meridian line RI. 5 If the eleuation of the Meridian line be Southwards and either greater or equal to the complement of the Poles eleuation as AF. and AE then the complement of the Meridian lines eleuation FG. or EG added to the complement of the Poles eleuation GR. shall make the distance of the stile from the meridian line 6 If the eleuation of the meridian line be Southward and lesse then the complement of the poles eleuation as CD the eleuation of the meridian line CD and the height of the Pole Câ— put together shall make the distance of the stile from the meridian line CHAP. X. The finding of the substilar line and the distance of the stile from it when the stile maketh a right angle with the meridian line SEcondly in a ground not Equinoctial nor Polar we must consider whether the stile make a right angle or an oblique angle with the meridian line 2 The stile shall make a right angle with the meridian line if the eleuation of the meridian line be Southwards and equall to the complement of the Poles eleuation as in the 9. 10. 11. and 12. figure Herein a right line drawne squirewise ouerthwart the meridian line towards that part of the world which is opposite to that whereto the dial ground declineth shall be the substilar line as BA in the 9. 10. 11. and 12. figu and the distance of the stile from the substilar line shal bee equall to the angle which the dial ground maketh with the plaine of the meridian circle as the angle BAD fig. 9. 10. 11. 12. which angle is found by the third Chap. CHAP. XI From which end of the Meridian line the eleuation of the stile is to be counted IF the stile make an oblique angle with the meridian line we must first finde out from whether end of the meridian line the eleuation of the stile must be reckoned thus 2 If the meridian line be parallel to the horizon as in the 13. figure the eleuation of the stile shal be reckoned from the North end of the meridian line in reclining and horizontal flats looking vpwards as BR from B in the former figure but contrariwise in incliners as PC from C. in the same figure 3 If the meridian line be eleuated the one end higher then the other from the horizon and the dial ground looke towards the South the eleuation of the meridian being also Northwards and lesse then the eleuation of the pole the eleuation of the stile shal be counted from the vpper end of the meridian line as IR. from I. 4 But if the eleuation of the meridian be greater then the eleuation of the pole or vpright or southwards and greater then the complement of the poles eleuation the eleuation of the stile shall bee counted from the neather

end of the meridian line as PM PN PO from MNO 5 If the eleuation of the meridian line be Southwards and lesse then the complement of the poles eleuation the eleuation of the stile shal be counted from the vpper ende of the meridian line as DP from D. 6 If the Dial ground looke toward the North the eleuation of the stile from the meridian line shal be reckoned contrariwise in euery kinde CHAP. XII The finding of the substilar line and stile in Dials that be not Polar nor Equinoctiall The stile making oblique angles with the Meridian line HAuing thus found out from whether end of the meridian line the eleuation of the stile is to be reckoned set one foot of your compasses in the meridian line as in A. and stretching foorth the other foot towards that end of the meridian line from which the eleuation of the stile is to bee reckned as towards L. draw an arch of a circle MDLN. and beginning at the MerÃ®dian line reckon and marke therein the eleuation of the stile from the Meridian line LD figure 13. 14. 15. in the rest LO either Eastwards or Westwards in direct Dials as in the 13. 14. 15. fig. but in decliners towards that part of the world which is opposite to the part whereunto the Dial declineth as in the 16. 17. 18. fig. 2 Then in direct Dials a right line ACD fig. 13. 14. 15. drawne out of the center of the said arke by the marke of the stiles eleuation from the meridian line shall be the line representing the stile and therefore the distance of the stile from the substilar line shall be the distance of the stile from the meridian line 3 But in decliners you shall thus finde the substilar line From O the point of the stiles eleuation from the meridian line in the foresaid arke drawe OP a perpendicular to the meridian line AL. and taking the length of this perpendicular with your compasses leaue one foote in P. the concurse therof with the meridian line and with the other describe a quadrant of a circle QRO. beginning from the Meridian line and so proceeding vnto O the other end of the perpendicular line and in that quadrant beginning at the meridian ALQ. reckon and marke QR the complement of the angle conteined betweene the plaines of the diall ground and of the meridian circle and take with your compasses RS. the distance of that marke from the meridian line and setting one foote of the compasses in P. the meeting of that perpendicular with the meridian line with the other make a prick T in the same perpendicular line for then AB a right line drawn by this prick T. out of the center of the foresaid arke MDLN. shall bee the substilar line 4 Then take with your compasses TR. the distance of the foresaid marke in the quadrant QRO. and this pricke and leauing one foote of your compasses in the same pricke T. with the other make another pricke V. in the arke you first described for then a right line AV. drawne thereby out of the arch you first described shall bee the stilar line or line representing the stile 5 In Dials not polar nor aequinoctiall if the distance of the stile from the substilar line be but smal as in the fig. 10. 12. 17. it may bee increased by drawing a paralel CD to the stile already found which for distinctions sake may bee called the stile augmented CHAP. XIII The drawing of the line of Contingence and of the Equinoctiall circle and how it must be diuided NOw in all Dials that be not aequinoctiall draw a right line EHF so long as you can making right angles with the substilar line which is called the line of contingence or touchline 2 Then describe the Equinoctiall circle GHI after this manner Take with your compasses the shortest distance betweene H. the intersection of the line of contingence with the substilar line and the stilar line and leauing one foot in that intersection with the other make a pricke B. in the substilar line whereupon describe a circle GHI which shall be called the equinoctiall circle 3 If the distance of the stile from the substilar be augmented you must draw two touch lines and two aequinoctial circles as in 10. 12. 17. figures 4 The halfe of the aequinoctiall circle next the line of contingence must be deuided into 12. equal parts beginning at H the intersection thereof with the substilar line in all direct dials and erect or meridian polars which are commonly called East or West dials erect as in the 3. 4. 5. 6. 13. 14. 15. figures 5 In polars not meridian nor direct let HK in fig. 7. 8. the complement of the angle which the dial ground maketh with the plaine of the meridian be numbred and marked in the aequinoctial circle beginning at the substilar line and proceeding that way which the diall ground declineth as from H. to K. for at that marke K you must begin to diuide 6 In decliners not polars if the stile make a right angle with the meridian line as in the 9. 10. 11. 12. figu a paralel to the line of contingence drawne by the center of the aequinoctiall shall shew the beginning of the diuision as BK in figu 9. 10. 11. 12. 7 But if the stile make an oblique angle with the meridian line and the line of contingencye cut the meridian line as in the 16. figu your ruler laid to that cutting at X and the center of the Equinoctial B. shal shew in the peripherie thereof the beginning of the diuision K if the distance of the stile from the substilar be not augmented 8 But if it be augmented as in the 17. figure the shortest distance HX betweene H the intersection of the touch line with the substilar line and the stile not augmented AV must bee taken with the compasses and resting one foot in that intersection H with the other make a pricke Y in the substilar line towards B the center of the Equinoctiall by which pricke Y Z the mutuall intersectioÌ„ of the next touch line with the meridian line let a right line YZ be drawne for BK and BK paralels to it drawne out of the cenrers of both the Equinoctials towards the meridian line at their crossings with the Equinoctials K K shall shew the beginnings of their diuisions 9 But if the touch line cut not the meridian line as in the figure 18. let a paralel thereto XY bee drawne which may cut the meridian line in Y and take with the compasses the shortest distance ZA betwixt the intersection thereof with the substilar line and the stile not augmented and leauing one foote in that intersection Z with the other make a pricke B in the substilar line towards the center of the Equinoctiall from this pricke drawe a right line BY from B to Y the intersection of the said paralel with the meridian line for BKA paralel to this line drawne out

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