mark what Degree of Latitude is exactly above it Move the Globe round and observe the two Points of the Ecliptick that pass through the said Degree of Latitude Search upon the wooden Horizon or by proper Tables of the Sun 's Annual Motion on what Days he passeth through the aforesaid Points of the Ecliptick for those are the Days requir'd in which the Sun is vertical to the given Place Prob. 19. The Month and Day being given to find by the Globe those places of the North Frigid Zone where the Sun beginneth then to shine constantly without setting as also those places of the South Frigid Zone in which he then beginneth to be totally absent The Day given which must always be one of those either between the Vernal Equinox and Summer Solstice or between the Autumnal Equinox and Winter Solstice find the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick and marking the same bring it to the brazen Meridian and reckon the like number of Degrees from the North Pole towards the Equator as there is betwixt the Equator and the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick and set a mark with Chalk where the reckoning ends Which done turn the Globe round and all the Places passing under the said Chalk are those in which the Sun begins to shine constantly without setting upon the given Day For Solution of the latter part of the Problem set off the same distance from the South Pole upon the brazen Meridian towards the Equator as was formerly set off from the North and making a mark with Chalk and turning the Globe round all Places passing under the said mark are those desir'd viz. them in which the Sun beginneth his total Absence or Disappearance from the given Day Prob. 20. A Place being given in the North Frigid Zone to find by the Globe what number of Days the Sun doth constantly shine upon the said Place and what Days he is absent as also the first and last Day of his appearance Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian and observing its Latitude elevate the Globe accordingly then turn the Globe about till the first Degree of Cancer come under the Meridian and count the same number of Degrees upon the Meridian from each side of the Equator as the Place is distant from the Pole and making a mark where the reckoning ends turn the Globe round and carefully observe what two Degrees of the Ecliptick pass exactly under the two Points mark'd in the Meridian for the Northern Arch of the Circle viz. that comprehended between the two mark'd Degrees being reduc'd to time will give the number of Days that the Sun doth constantly shine above the Horizon of the given Place and the opposite Arch of the said Circle will give the number of Days in which he is absent The Pole continuing in the same Elevation bring the beginning of Cancer to the brazen Meridian and observe the two Degrees of the Ecliptick which in the mean time coincide with the Horizon then search upon the wooden Horizon for those Days that the Sun doth enter into the aforesaid Degrees of the Ecliptick for those are the Days of his first and last appearance in the given Place Prob. 21. The Month and Day being given to find that place on the Globe to which the Sun when in its Meridian shall be vertical on that Day The Sun's Place in the Ecliptick being found bring the same to the brazen Meridian in which make a small mark with Chalk exactly above the Sun's Place Which done find those places that have the Sun in the Meridian at the time given and bringing them to the brazen Meridian observe that part of the Globe exactly under the aforesaid mark in the Meridian for that is the place desir'd Prob. 22. The Month and Day being given to find upon what Point of the Compass the Sun riseth and setteth in any place at the time given Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the desired Place and finding the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick at the given Time bring the same to the Eastern side of the Horizon and you may clearly see the Point of the Compass upon which he then riseth By turning the Globe about till his place coincide with the Western side of the Horizon you may also see upon the said Circle the exact Point of his setting Prob. 23. To know by the Globe the Length of the longest and shortest Days and Nights in any place of the World Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the given Place and bring the first Degree of Cancer if in the Northern or Capricorn if in the Southern Hemisphere to the East-side of the Horizon and setting the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon turn the Globe about till the Sign of Cancer touch the Western-side of the Horizon and then observe upon the Horary Circle the number of Hours between the Index and the upper Figure of XII reckoning them according to the Motion of the Index for that is the Length of the longest Day the Complement whereof is the Extent of the shortest Night As for the shortest Day and longest Night they are only the reverse of the former Prob. 24. To know the Climates of any given Place Find the Length of the longest Day in the given Place and whatever be the number of Hours whereby it surpasseth Twelve double that number and the Product will give the true Climate of the Place desir'd But here note That this is to be understood of Places within the Latitude of 66½ As for those of a greater Latitude where the Climates encrease by intire Months enter the second Table of Climates page 10 with the Latitude of the given Place and opposite thereto you 'll find the proper Climate of a place in the said Latitude Prob. 25. The Length of the longest Day in any place being known to find thereby the Latitude of that place Having the Length of the longest Day you may know thereby the proper Climate of that Place and by the Table of Climates pag. 10. you may see what Degree of Latitude corresponds to that Climate which Degree is the Latitude of the Place desir'd Prob. 26. The Latitude of the Place being given as also the Sun 's Place in the Ecliptick to find thereby the beginning of the Morning and end of the Evening Twilight The Globe being rectifi'd and the Sun's Place brought to the brazen Meridian set the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon then bring that Degree of the Ecliptick which is opposit to the Sun's Place to the Western Quarter and so move the Globe together with the Quadrant of Altitude till the Degree opposite to the Sun's Place and the 18 Degree of the said Quadrant come both in one Which done observe what Hour the Index then pointeth at for at that Hour doth the Morning Twilight begin As for the Evening Twilight bring the Degree of the Ecliptick opposite to the Sun's Place at that time
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 citò 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fluo is a mighty Rendesvouz or large Collection of Waters environing a considerable Part of the Main Continent Def. 34. The Sea Lat. Salum à sale quia salsum is a smaller Collection of Waters intermingled with Islands and intirely or mostly environed with Land Def. 35. A Gulf Lat. Sinus quasi sinu suo mare complectens is a part of the Sea every where environed with Land except one Passage whereby it communicates with the neighbouring Sea or main Ocean Def. 36. A Strait Lat. Fretum à ferveo quod ibi ferveat mare propter angustiam is a narrow Passage either joyning a Gulf to the neighbouring Sea or Ocean or one part of the Sea or Ocean to another Def. 37. A Lake Lat. Lacus a Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Fossa vel Fovea is a small Collection of deep standing Water intirely surrounded with Land and having no visible or immediate Communication with the Sea Def. 38. A River Lat. Flumen vel Fluvius à fluo is a considerable Stream of fresh Water issuing out of one or various Fountains and continually gliding along in one or more Channels till it disgorgeth it self at last into the gaping Mouth of the thirsty Ocean These being all the necessary Terms commonly us'd in Modern Geography and particularly those that either need or can well admit of a Definition Description or Derivation We proceed in the next place to SECT II. Containing some pleasant Geographical Problems Prob. 1. THE Diameter of the Artificial Globe being given to find its Surface in Square and its Solidity in Cubick Measure Multiply the Diameter by the Circumference or a great Circle dividing the Globe into two equal Parts and the Product will give the first Then Multiply the said Product by ⅙ of the Diameter and the Product of that will give the second After the same manner we may find the Surface and Solidity of the Natural Globe as also the whole Body of the Atmosphere surrounding the same providing it be always and every where of the same height for having found the perpendicular height thereof by that common Experiment of the ascent of Mercury at the foot and top of a Mountain double the said Height and add the same to the Diameter of the Earth then Multiply the whole as a new Diameter by its proper Circumference and from the Product substract the Solidity of the Earth the Remainder will give the Solidity of the Atmosphere Prob. 2. To Rectify the Globe The Globe being set upon a true Plain raise the Pole according to the given Latitude then fix the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith and if any Mariner's Compass upon the Pedestal let the Globe be so situated as that the brazen Meridian may stand due South and North according to the two Extremities of the Needle Prob. 3. To find the Longitude and Latitude of any place By Longitude we do not here understand that Opprobrium Navigatorum of Easting and Westing but simply the distance between the given place and the first Meridian inscrib'd on the Surface of the Globe For the finding of which bring the given place to the East-side of the brazen Meridian and observe what Degree of the Equator is just under the said Meridian for that is the Degree of Longitude peculiar to the given place and the Degree of the Meridian exactly above that place is its proper Latitude which is either Southern or Northern according as the place is South or North of the Equinoctial Line Prob. 4. The Longitude and Latitude of any place being given to find that place on the Globe Bring the given Degree of Longitude to the brazen Meridian reckon upon the same Meridian the Degree of given Latitude whether South or North and make a mark with Chalk where the reckoning ends the Point exactly under that Chalk is the place desir'd Prob. 5. The Latitude of any place being given to find all those places that have the same Latitude The Globe being rectify'd according to the Latitude of the given place and that place being brought to the brazen Meridian make a mark exactly above the same and turning the Globe round all those places passing under the said mark have the same Latitude with the given place Prob. 6. To find the Sun 's place in the Ecliptick at any time The Month and Day being given look for the same upon the wooden Horizon and over against the Day you will find the particular Sign and Degree in which the Sun is at that time observing withal the difference between the Julian and Gregorian Kalendar which Sign and Degree being noted in the Ecliptick the same is the Sun's place or pretty near it at the time desired Prob. 7. The Month and Day being given as also the particular time of that Day to find those places of the Globe to which the Sun is in their Meridian at that particular time The Pole being elevated according to the Latitude of the place in which you are and the Sun's Place found in the Ecliptick at the time given bring the same to the brazen Meridian and setting the Index of the Horary Circle at the upper Figure of XII turn the Globe till the said Index point at the given Hour of the Day Which done fix the Globe in that Situation and observe all those places exactly under the brazen Meridian for those are the places desired Prob. 8. To know the Length of the Day and Night in any place of the Earth at any time Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the given place find the Sun's place in the Ecliptick at that time which being brought to the East side of the Horizon set the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon or the upper Figure of 12. and turning the Globe about till the aforesaid place of the Ecliptick touch the Western side of the Horizon look upon the Horary Circle and wheresoever the Index pointeth reckon the Number of Hours between the same and the upper Figure of 12. for that is the Length of the Day at the time desir'd the Complement whereof is the Length of the Night Note There is a Mistake in working the 7th Problem for the same ought to be performed thus The Pole being elevated according to the Latitude of the given Place bring the said Place to the brazen Meridian and setting the Index of the Horary Circle at the Hour of the Day in the given Place turn the Globe till the Index point at the upper Figure of XII which done fix the Globe in that Situation and observe what places are exactly under the upper Hemisphere of the brazen Meridian for those are the Places desir'd Prob. 9. To find by the Globe the Antaeci Periaeci and Antipodes of any given place Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian and finding its true Latitude count upon the Equator the same number of Degrees towards the opposite Pole and observe
where the reckoning ends for that is the place of the Antaeci The given Place continuing under the brazen Meridian set the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon and turning the Globe about till the same Point at Midnight or the lower 12. the place which then comes to the Meridian having the same Latitude with the former is that of the Perioeci As for the Antipodes of the given Place reckon from the said place upon the brazen Meridian 180 Degrees either South or North or as many Degrees beyond the farthest Pole as you are to the nearest and observe exactly where the reckoning ends for that is the place desir'd Prob. 10. To know what a Clock it is by the Globe in any place of the World and at any time providing you know the Hour of the Day where you are at the same time Bring the place in which you are to the brazen Meridian the Pole being raised according to the Latitude thereof and set the Index of the Horary Circle at the Hour of the Day at that time Then bring the desired Place to the brazen Meridian and the Index will point out the present Hour at that place where ever it is Prob. 11. To know by the Globe when the Great Mogul of India and Czar of Moscovia sit down to Dinner This being only to know when its Noon at Agra and Moscow the Imperial Seats of those Mighty Monarchs which we may very easily do at what time soever it be or wheresoever we are For finding by the foregoing Problem the present Hour of the Day in the Cities above-mention'd supposing withal that Mid-day in the aforesaid Cities is Dining-time we may readily determine how near it is to the time desir'd Prob. 12. To find the Hour of the Day by the Globe at any time when the Sun shines Divide your Ecliptick Line in Twenty four equal Parts and in small Figures set down the Hours of the Natural Day after the following manner At the Intersections of the Ecliptick and Equator place the Figure 6 and bring both those Figures to the brazen Meridian one being in the upper and the other in the lower Hemisphere Which done place the twelve Figures in the Western Hemisphere in this order following 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6. Beginning then at the same Figure of 6 and proceeding Eastward set down the other twelve Figures thus 6 5 4 3 2 1 12 11 10 9 8 7 6. The Equinoctial being thus divided and mark'd elevate the Globe according to the Latitude of the place where you are and bring the Intersection of the Vernal Equinox to the upper Part of the brazen Meridian and situating the Globe duly South and North observe exactly that half of the Globe upon which the Sun doth actually shine for the last part of the enlightned Hemisphere doth always shew the Hour of the Day upon the Equinoctial Line Prob. 13. The Latitude of the Place and Height of the Sun being given at any time to find thereby the Hour of the Day The Globe being rectifi'd according to the Latitude of the given Place and the Height of the Sun at that time being found by an exact Quadrant mark his place in the Ecliptick for the given Day and bring the same to the brazen Meridian After this fix the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith and mark in the said Quadrant the particular Degree of the Sun's Altitude and placing the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon move the Globe together with the Quadrant of Altitude till the Sun's place markt in the Ecliptick and his Degree of Altitude markt upon the said Quadrant do come both in one Which done observe what Hour the Index doth point at for that is the Hour desir'd Prob. 14. The Latitude of the Place being given as also the true bearing of the Sun in the said Place at any time to find thereby the Hour of the Day The Globe being rectifi'd and the Sun's Place markt in the Ecliptick fix the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith and by the Mariners Compass observe the true bearing of the Sun then bring the Quadrant of Altitude to the observed Point of the Compass upon the wooden Horizon and move the Globe till the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick coincide with the said Quadrant Which done and the Globe continuing in that Position the Index of the Horary Circle will point at the Hour of the Day at the time desir'd Prob. 15. The Latitude of the Place and Sun 's Place in the Ecliptick being given to find thereby the Hour of the Day Elevate the Pole according to the given Latitude and situate the Globe duly South and North by the Mariners Compass then fix a small Needle perpendicularly in the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick and bringing the same to the brazen Meridian set the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon Which done turn the Globe till the Needle cast no Shadow at all and then observe the Index for it will then point at the true Hour of the Day Prob. 16. Any Place being given to move the Globe so as that the wooden Horizon shall be the Horizon of the same Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian and reckon from it upon the said Meridian the number of 90 Degrees towards either of the Poles and where the reckoning ends place that part of the Meridian in the Notch of the wooden Horizon and it will prove the Horizon of the given Place Prob. 17. To find the Meridian-Line by the Globe in any place and at any time of the Day The Latitude of the Place being known and the Globe elevated accordingly observe the height of the Sun above the Horizon at that time and draw upon a true Plain a streight Line in or Parallel to the Shadow of a Stile perpendicularly erected upon that Plain In which describe a Circle at any opening of the Compasses and find the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick and mark his observed height in the Quadrant of Altitude Then move the Globe together with the said Quadrant till that Mark in the Quadrant and the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick come both in one which done count upon the wooden Horizon the number of Degrees between the Quadrant of Altitude and the brazen Meridian and set off the same number of Degrees upon the aforesaid Circle drawn upon the Plain by making a visible Point in the Circumference where the reckoning ends beginning still at the side towards the Sun and proceeding East or West according to the time of the Day Then draw a Line from that Point in the Circumference through the Center of the said Circle and the same will prove the true Meridian-Line of that Place at what time soever the Observation is made Prob. 18. A Place being given in the Torrid Zone to find those Days in which the Sun shall be vertical to the same Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian and