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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	mile_n	south_n	west_n	1,773	5	9.5945	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A90787	The natural history of Oxford-shire, being an essay toward the natural history of England. / By Robert Plot ...	Plot, Robert, 1640-1696.	1677 (1677)	Wing P2585; ESTC R231542	322,508	394

sweet and healthful Air they live in Whereas the Inhabitants of fenny and boggy Countries whose spirits are clogg'd with perpetual Exhalations are generally of a more stupid and unpleasant conversation 3. That the qualities of Waters and Soyls together with the situations of places so the respective Quarters of the World make them more or less healthy according to the great b Id. ibid. Hippocrates there is no doubt But to these I must beg the favor of adding not only more swasive but more irrefragable proof I mean the great age and constant health of persons that have been lately and are now living here Richard Clifford not long since of Bolscot in this County died at 114 years of age Brian Stephens born at Cherlbury but Inhabitant of Woodstock dyed last year at 103. Where also there now lives one George Green but born at Ensham in his hundredth year at Kidlington one Mris Hill was born and lived there above an hundred years and at Oxford there is living beside several near it a Woman commonly called Mother George now in her hundredth year current The pleasant situation of which City is such and so answerable to the great Reputation it ever had in this respect that it must not by any means be past by in silence 4. Seated it is on a rising Ground in the midst of a pleasant and fruitful Valley of a large extent at the confluence and extended between the two Rivers of Isis and Cherwell with which it is encompass'd on the East West and South as also with a ridge of Hills at a miles or somwhat more distance in the form of a Bow touching more then the East and West points with the ends so that the whole lies in form of a Theater In the Area stands the City mounted on a small hill adorned with so many Towers Spires and Pinnacles and the sides of the neighboring Hills so sprinkled with Trees and Villa's that no place I have yet seen has equall'd the Prospect * Ab amoenitate situs Bellositum dictum 'T was the sweetness and commodiousness of the place that no question first invited the great and judicious King Alfred to select it for The Muses Seat and the Kings of England ever since especially when at any time forc'd from London by War Plague or other inconveniencies so frequently to remove hither not only their Royal Courts but the Houses of Parliament and Courts of Judicature Many Synods and Convocations of the Clergy have been also for the same reason held here of which as they have promiscuously happened in order of time take the following Catalogue A Catalogue of Parliaments Councils and Terms that have been held at Oxford A Parliament held at Oxford in the time of King Ethelred anno 1002. A Parliament at Oxford under King Canutus an 1018. A Parliament at Oxford under King Harold Harefoot anno 1036. A Conference at Oxford under King William Rufus an 1088. A Conference at Oxford in the time of King Stephen A Council at Oxford held against the Waldenses temp Hen. 2. an 1160. A Council at Oxford under King Hen. 2. temp Tho. Becket Archiep. Cant. an 1166. A general Council at Oxford at which King Hen. 2. made his Son John King of Ireland an 1177. A Parliament at Oxford called Parliamentum magnum temp H. 2. an 1185. A Council at Oxford temp Rich. 1. A Conference at Oxford in the time of King John A Parliament held at Oxford temp Hen. 3. an 1218. which first gave occasion to the Barons Wars A Council at Oxford under Steph. Langton Arch-Bishop of Canterbury an 1222. A Council at Oxford an 1227. A Council at Oxford under Stephen Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and his Suffragans an 1230. 14. Hen. 3. A Council at Oxford temp Hen. 3. an 1233. A Council at Oxford under Edmund Arch-Bishop of Cant. A Council held at Oxford by the Bishops temp Hen. 3. an 1241. A Term kept at Oxford 31 Hen. 3. A Council at Oxford temp Hen. 3. an 1247. A Council held by the Bishops at Oxford an 1250. A Parliament held at Oxford called Parliamentum insanum 41 Hen. 3. A Council at Oxford an 1258. A Parliament at Oxford an 1261. A Parliament at Oxford an 1264. A Council at Oxford under John Peckham Arch-Bishop of Canterbury an 1271. A Council held at Oxford under Robert Winchilsea Arch-Bishop of Canterbury an 1290. A Parliament summon'd at Oxford 4 Edw. 3. A Parliament at Oxford 19 Novemb. an 1382. A Parliament at Oxford 6 Rich. 2. A Term kept at Oxford 11 Rich. 2. A Term kept at Oxford 16 Rich. 2. A Convocation of the Clergy at Oxford by Tho. Arundel Arch-Bishop of Canterbury an 1395. A Parliament at Oxford 1 Car. 1. 1625. A Parliament summon'd at Oxford temp Car. 1. an 1644. The Terms kept at Oxford eodem temp it being the Kings Head-Quarters in the late Civil War A Parliament at Oxford 13 Car. 2. an 1665. The Term kept at Oxford eodem temp the Plague being then at London 5. Of these there is an imperfect List in a MSS. c MSS. fol. C. p. 173. in Corpus Christi College Library Oxon. in which there are also mentioned three Synods held in St. Maries Church A Provincial Chapter of the Fryars Preachers and a Council held at Oxon. whose Votes were written by Abraham Woodhall There is also a Provincial Council at Oxford mention'd in the Catalogue set before the Decrees of Gratian. But these bearing no date and in all likelyhood the same with some of the afore-mentioned I pass on to another Parliament which though not at Oxford yet was held in this County and therefore I suppose not improper for this place However I shall rather venture the danger of impropriety and misplacing then omit the taking notice of so considerable a Meeting it being the first Parliament held in the County and doubtless in England called it was at Shifford now a small Village in the Parish of Bampton and shewing now nothing adequate to so great an Assembly 6. There is a MSS. in Sir Robert Cottons Library that gives an account of this Parliament which it saies consisted of the chief of all Orders of the Kingdom and was called at Sifford now Shifford in Oxford-shire by King Alfred where the King as Head consulted with the Clergy Nobles and others about the maners and government of the people where he delivered some grave admonitions concerning the same The words of the MSS. are these At Sifford seten Dancr manie fele Biscops et fele Boclered Erles prude et Cnihtes egloche ðer ƿas Erle Elfricof ðe lage smuth ƿise ec Alfred Englehird Engle derling on England he ƿas Cyng hem he gan leren sƿo hi heren mihten hu hi here lif leden scolden i. e. There sate at Shifford many Thanes many Bishops and many learned Men wise Earls and awful Knights there was Earl Elfrick very learned in the Law and Alfred Englands Herds-man Englands Darling he was King of England

again are either Polysyllabical such as return many syllables words or a whole sentence Tonical such as return the voice but once nor that neither except adorned with some peculiar Musical note Manifold and these return syllables and words the same oftentimes repeated and may therefore be stiled Tautological Echo's which are caused either by Simple Double Reflexion 15. As for Polysyllabical articulate Echo's the strongest and best I have met with here is in the Park at Woodstock which in the day time little wind being stirring returns very distinctly seventeen syllables and in the night twenty I made experiment of it with these words Quae nec reticere loquenti Nec prior ipsa loqui didicit resonabilis Echo In the day it would return only the last verse but in the night about twelve by the clock I could also hear the last word of the former Hemistick loquenti The object of which Echo or the Centrum phonocampticum I take to be the hill with the trees on the summit of it about half a mile distant from Woodstock town in the way thence to the Right Honorable the Earl of Rochester's Lodge And the true place of the Speaker or Centrum phonicum the opposite Hill just without the gate at the Towns end about thirty paces directly below the corner of a wall inclosing some hay-ricks near Chaucers house some advantage I guess it receives from the rivulet that runs as it were in a direct line between the two centers and from the pond at the foot of the object hill as also from two other hills that run obliquely up to it Which may better be apprehended by the prospect of the place as in Tab. 1. Fig. 2. 16. That this Echo makes return of so many syllables and of a different number in the day and night being indisputable and matter of fact I proceed in the next place to the reasons of these certainties which possibly to every body may not be so plain First then the causes why some Echo's return more and some fewer syllables I take to lye in the different distances of the objects returning the voices from the places of the speakers for by experience 't is found that if the speaker be too near the object the return is made so quick upon him that the Echo is as it were drowned in the voice but if he remove farther from it then it begins to be clear and distinct and if it be a polysyllabical one it first repeats one syllable then two three four five or more according as the speaker removes farther off it which I take to be the only true way of measuring the proportions of the spaces of the ground requisite for the return of one or more syllables That this is true I shall use no arguments to perswade because the experiment is subject to every mans tryal and if so it must necessarily be admitted that the reason why this Echo returns so much is because of the great distance of the object from the speaker 17. What distance is required to the return of each syllable is best indeed determined by such a procedure where the object is fore-known and the condition of the place will admit of the experiment but both these being wanting here Echo's themselves being generally first known and not the objects I was forced to make use of a new analytical method and find out the object by the number of syllables already returned which being seventeen in the day time and twenty by night and having before found by frequent experience that according to Blancanus s Blancani Echometria Theorem 5. no one syllable will be returned clearly under the distance of 24 Geometrical paces or 120 feet I guess'd that the object could not be removed less than 400 of the former and 2000 of the latter For the better understanding of which Analysis and for the Readers more secure finding of the true distance of the speaker in any other place it may be convenient that he take notice that all Echo's have some one place whither they are returned stronger and more distinct than any other and is always the place that lies at right angles with the object and is not too near or too far off for if a man stand at oblique angles with it the voice is better returned to some other person at another place than to the speaker and so if he stand too near or far off although he do stand at right angles with it which is plain by the diagram Tab. 1. Fig. 3. where a. is the true place of the speaker a b. the vocal line falling at right angles on the object c d. places on each hand the true place and oblique to the object e f. places above and below the object whence also the voice comes obliquely to it g h. places whence 't is true the voice goes in right angles to the object but g is too far off and h too near Now the speaker standing in a and his voice going in the straight line a b and striking upon the object so as to make right angles with it must needs return to the speaker again in the same line and no farther because he is suppos'd to stand at the two extreams of the whole mix'd line of action but if he stand too near at h then the Echo repeats more syllables and distincter at g than either at h or a because g is now the extream of the line of action for by how much the nearer the speaker is to the object by so much the more forcible he strikes it which causes the rebound to be so much beyond him and thus if he stand as much too far off as at g then the Echo repeats more syllables and distincter at h then either at a or g because the distance being too great from g to b and the reflexion weak the Echo must needs terminate so much the shorter at h all these being supposed to take up the whole line of the voices direct and reflex action Again if the speaker stand in c obliquely to the object the Echo is better heard at d than either at a or c and so if he stand at d it is better heard at c then any other place thus if he stand at e above the object the Echo is best heard in the valley f vice versâ All which may be well enough made out by throwing a ball against a wall to which if it be thrown in an oblique line it returns not to the thrower but to another place and though the projicient do so throw it that it strikes at right angles with the wall yet like as in the voice if he stand too far off it will fall as much too short in the rebound as it will exceed if he stand too near 18. According to these grounds I carefully examined this Echo and found upon motion backward forward and to each hand the true centrum phonicum or place of the