and Pride The King's State though falling short of Congo whose Princes have been instructed to bear a Majestick Port by the Portuguese so long resident among them The Treasure and Riches of this great Prince consists chiefly in Slaves The King's riches Simbos of Lovando Boesies or small East-India Horns and some Clothes things with the Whites of a small value but by them esteem'd more than the best Gold or Silver He keeps continually a mighty and very numerous Army upon his borders His power to prevent the Innovation of an implacable Enemy call'd Mujako who lives Northward from him of whom we have as yet no other knowledge than to guess him powerful in regard he could never be subdu'd by Makoko In the Desarts of this Kingdom inhabit those little men mention'd before to shoot and kill the Elephants and sell their Teeth to the Jages as they again to those of Congo and Lovango who exchange them for other commodities with the Portuguese and other Europeans The Kingdom of GIRIBUMA or GIRINGBOMBA THis Principality hath its scituation to the North-East of Makoko The Kingdom of Giringboâ—nba and the King thereof very powerful holding as his Tributaries fifteen other great Lords yet willingly never drawn to quarrel with his neighbours especially of Makoko with whom he holds a firm allyance which is the easier maintain'd because they all agree in their heathenish Superstition East South East from the great Makoko you arrive at another mighty Kingdom call'd Monimugo and by others Nimeamay whose Jurisdiction reaches to the borders as some say of the Kingdoms of Mombase Quiloe Soffale as in the Description of those Countreys shall be more spoken of at large POMBO THe Countrey properly call'd Pombo lieth more than a hundred Leagues from the Sea Coast and as some say touching upon Aethiopia superior Abysine Others divide Pombo into divers Kingdoms stretching themselves as far as a great Lake perhaps the Lake Zambre between both the Seas But the certain place where this Lake arrives is altogether unknown which no White ever yet heard of or hath seen onely the Portuguese relate that a certain Kaffe of Mosambique which travel'd cross through the main Land of Saffola to Angola came by it Both the Portuguese and Blacks that live in Lovango The trade of the Portuguese to Pombo Congo and Lovando Saint Paul drive a great trade here by their Servants sent thither with Merchandize who chiefly for Slaves Which is drove by Slaves or Fombo's Elephants Teeth and Panos Limpos barter and exchange Canary Malago or Medera-Wines great Simbos Boxes and other Commodities These Servants or Pomberos have yet other Slaves under them sometimes a hundred or a hundred and fifty which carry the Commodities on their heads up in the Countrey as we have heretofore related Sometimes those Pomberos stay out a whole year and then bring back with them four five and six hundred new Slaves Some of the faithfullest remain oftentimes there sending what Slaves they have bought to their Masters who return them other Commodities to trade with anew The Whites are necessitated to drive their Trade in this manner Why the Whites cannot go to Pombo by reason according to their relation it is impossible for them to wade through the badness of the ways and undergo so great hunger and trouble as attends that Journey besides the unwholesomeness of the Air which causes extraordinary swellings in the heads of the Whites Their journey from the Sea-Coast out of Lovango and Lovando Saint Paul to Pombo proves very toilsome to the Blacks themselves because there be many Rivers which sometimes after the Rain grow so deep but they stop the other hazards often arising by the barbarous Jages This Province owns for its supream Lord and Governor the great Makoko The Dukedom of AMBUILLA or AMBOILLE EAstvvards of Quingengo one days Journey The Dukedom of Ambuilla begins the Dukedom of Ambuila or Amboille in the North and North-East divided by the River Loze from Oande On the East side this Dukedom hath the Territory of Quitere Quiandange and to the South Kanvangombe where the Rivers Danda and Loze as some say take their original This Principality hath many pleasant Fields Trees and Fruits and abounds with Cattel as Goats Sheep Hogs and Cows It was never subject to Congo It is not subjected to the Kingdom of Congo but vies with it for wealth and magnitude holding in subjection above fifteen Domiâ—ions whereof the five chiefest are Matuy-Nungo Pingue Hoiquyanbole Ambuibe and Lovando the other not nam'd This Countrey affords many Slaves and the Trade driven there is in Pombo The Kingdom of ANGOLA or rather DONGO THis Countrey by the Portuguese call'd Angola Angola is the name of the Governors and not of the Countrey lies between the River Danda and Quansa the name of Angola belongs not properly to the Land but is the Title of the Prince who assum'd and continues it from the first King thereof who fell off from Congo to whom it belong'd by right of inheritance the right name being Dongo although formerly It is rightly call'd Dongo and still by some call'd Ambonde and the Inhabitants Ambond's It spreads in the West to the Sea Coast and then from Danda or Bengo Borders to the River Quansa a tract of about fifteen miles but runs about a hundred miles up into the Countrey Jarrik gives it for borders in the North the Kingdom of Congo in the South that of Mataman in the East Malemba or Majemba and in the West the Sea where it spreads saith he from the River Quansa about ten degrees South Latitude and ends at the Sea near Cowes-bay a tract of five and thirty Leagues Pigafet adds to it all the Countreys from Cowes-bay before-mention'd to Cabo Negroe a tract of about fifty more This Kingdom of Angola for so we shall stile it is water'd by divers Rivers as Bengo Quansa Lukala and Kalukala The River Quansa for Danda and Bengo are included before in Congo The River Quansa lying in nine degrees and twenty minutes South-Latitude four miles and a half Southward off The Sleepers-Haven or six miles from Cape de Palmarinko and five to the Northward of Cape Ledo It s original hath an uncertain original for it is reported that no Whites have ever been so far as where the same rises But the common opinion holds that it comes out of the great Lake Zambre by many made the head of the Rivers Zaire Nyle Niger and many others It hath been liken'd to the River Lukar Course in Spain being at the entrance about half a League wide and at the Northside deepest to come in with Ships It carries but twelve foot in depth at high-water ebbing and flowing about four foot but within they find water enough yet Navigable no higher than the Village Kambambe by reason of the strong water-falls It runs up from the East to the West very
up with the Hand and gaze at their Surprizers till knock'd on the head with Sticks From the Salt-Water beating against the Cliffs a Froth or Scum remains in some Places which the heat of the Sun so purifies that it becomes white and good Salt Some of the Mountains yield Bole Armoniack and a fat Earth like Terra Lemnia The Sea will answer the pains of a patient Fisherman who must use an Angle not a Net because of the foul Ground and beating of the Sea The chief are Mackrels Roaches Carps but differing in colour from those among us Eels as big as a Mans Arm and well-tasted Crabs Lobsters Oysters of as good a rellish as our English and very good Mussles Yet all these Conveniences have not brought thither any setled Colony the King of Portugal as they say not permitting any of his Subjects to dwell there lest they should appropriate it to themselves The Cape de Verd or Salt-Islands THe Cape de Verd Islands are so call'd for their nearness to Cape Verd on the Main Coast of Africa but the Portuguese name them Ilhas Verdes Green Islands because the Sea thereabouts is always cover'd with green Weeds so thick that one can scarce discern the Water and the Ships can hardly Sail through them They are also commonly known by the name of the Salt-Islands because of the many Salt-Pans especially in Ilha del Sal Boavista Mayo and St. Jago Some take them for the Gorgons in the Atlantick Sea spoken of by Mela others for the Gorgades of Pliny an ancient Dwelling-place as the Poets feign of three Sisters the Daughters of Forkus viz. Medura Sthenio and Euryale and some stick not to believe that they were antiently call'd Hesperides from the neighboring Cape of Hespiere mention'd by Ptolomy They lie over against the Main Coast of Africa Situation between Cabo Blank and Cabo Verd from the nineteenth to the fifteenth degree of North-Latitude about two and forty Miles from the Shore Writers differ about their number very frequently Number for some reckon them twelve others eleven some nine but most agree upon ten generally known by the corrupt Portuguese names as follows Ilha del Sal Ilha Bovista Ilha Mayo Ilha del St. Jaga Ilha del Fogo Ilha del Brava Ilha del St. Niklaos Ilha del St. Lucie Ilha del St. Vincent and Ilha del St. Antonio besides some other nameless Islands The most Westerly is St. Antonio next those of St. Vincent and St. Lucie and the most Easterly Boavista All these or at least some of them are said to have been discover'd in the Year Fourteen hundred and forty by a Genoes call'd Anthonio Nolli thou Jarrik affirms the Portuguese had that honor six years after whereas Sanutus gives it to a Venetian call'd Lovis Extracted out of the House of Cadamosto sent abroad by the Infanta of Portugal to discover new Countreys The Salt-Island Salt-Island or Ilha del Sal lies with its South end on the North-Latitude of sixteen degrees and eight and thirty minutes and with the South-East Point in sixteen degrees and forty minutes It shews coming out from the Canaries or out of the North afar off very high like a Hill but nearer appears low On the North side runs a River and in the South-West a small Haven and close by that another small Island A Musket shot to the Southward of the West Point where by a long Sandy Valley fresh Water cometh out of the Mountains is a good Road for Ships Buena The Island Boavista or Boavista that is a pleasant sight perhaps for its pleasant appearance afar off at Sea they make its North Point eight Miles and its South seven Miles from the Salt-Island It may be distinguish'd at Sea from the Salt-Island by the many white Banks on the North Coast which the other hath not on that side twenty Miles some have guess'd but none know certainly its circumference There is a long River which runs from the North end North-East and North-East and by East a whole Mile and some hold that it runs into the Sea with mighty Breaks to the great hazard of adventuring Ships without a skilful Pilot. IN SULE PROMONTORII VIRIDIS Nispanis ISSAS DE CABO VERDE Belgis DE SOUTE EYLANDEN There shoots also another Rieff from the South-Point with some Rocks above and some under Water about a Mile and a half long East and East and by North from the Point Under the South-West Point where the Shore spreads West South-West and East North-East is a good Haven wherein Ships may Ride in fifteen or sixteen Fathom Water very good ground Mayo lieth eight or nine Miles South South-Westward from Boavista being the least of all and not above seven Miles in circuit It hath within some sharp Mountains and on the North side a Plain a Mile broad where a Rieff at the North-East Point shoots a good way from the Shore and likewise another to the Westward both which make a dangerous passage for Ships The common Harbor stands at the south-South-West side of the Shore where Ships Ride in fifteen or sixteen Fathom Water with a Sandy bottom and have the West Point of the Island North and by West and the South end of the Island St. Jago south-South-West On the North side lieth behind a black Point a convenient Harbor neighbour'd on the East side by a Village of ten or twelve houses The Island of St. Jago the famousest and biggest of all those of Cape de Verd Island St. Jago contains in length about twelve Miles spreading North-West and South-East at the South-East Point you come into the Road of the Island Mayo being five Miles broad From the South-East Point the Shore spreads two Miles South-West where the City Praya signifying The Strand hath its scituation on a convenient place between two Mountains on a little rising Summit surrounded with two Rivers which falling into the Sea make two Harbors one call'd Porto de Praya a spacious Bay where a hundred Ships may Ride at Anchor in fourteen Fathom Water within Musquet Shot of the Shore with a defence from the Winds Beyond Porto de Praya towards the City lieth an Out-Point in Portuguese call'd Cabo de Tubarao and North-Westward from this Cape the other Haven by the Portuguese call'd Porta Riebeirra Korea very convenient because lying between two Mountains whose middle shoots thorow by a River which takes original two Miles from thence and falls into the Sea by a Mouth a Bowe shot wide not far off which more Northward appears St. Maries Haven Jarrik places in this Island a City call'd St. Thomas seated conveniently but that 's uncertain yet the Town of St. Jago may be seen being the Metropolis of this and the other Islands and the residence of the Portugal Bishop Somewhat more Westerly on a Point a Fort or Castle shews it self two Miles from Porto de Praya and North-Westward from thence you come to Porto de Canisos
who had served the Malteses were put to the Sword and most of the Knights of Malta sent to the Galleys and the rest the Bashaw took and made Slaves After this Victory Sinan appointed Morat Aga to be Vice-Roy and ever since the Grand Seignior sends from Constantinople every three years a Beglerbeg or Bashaw thither to support his Conquests About the Year Fifteen hundred ninety eight Sidi Haga a Marabout or Priest designing to make himself a Master of the City and Kingdom with the assistance of the meaner sort began a notable Rebellion upon the first intelligence whereof Asan Bassa Admiral at Sea Sailed thither with sixty Galleys and some Souldiers from Tunis and Algier on a sudden fell into the Marabout's Quarters whose own Men finding their error in some measure to mitigate the fury against themselves set an end to their Mutiny by presenting their Captains Head to Sinan who sent it to the Grand Seignior De Stadt TRIPOLIS THE TERRITORY OF TRIPOLI NEar the Lesser Africa and Asfatus over against the Island Querquene The Borders of the Territory of Tripoli call'd by Ananie Ceraunia the River Capez takes its Course antiently call'd Triton Westerly of which this Province takes its beginning and ends at that of Mezellata in the East so that it hath for Borders on the West Tunis and on the North the Mediterrane on the South Numidia or Biledulgerid and Lybia with the Wilderness of Zara and in the East Mezellata a large Tract of Ground but altogether waste and unfruitful The chiefest Places thereof are Old and New Tripoli Kapes Machres Elhamma and Zoara Old Tripoli by some taken for the Antient City Naples in Barbary Old Tripoli and the Great Leptis of Ptolomy This was the Birth-place of the Emperor Severus first built by the Romans afterwards possessed by the Goths and at length destroy'd by the Mahumetans in the time of Hamor their second Kalif and ever since as Sanutus saith little inhabited New Tripoli or Tripoli in Barbary New Tripoli to distinguish it from a City of the same name in Syria call'd by the Turks Terabulus and by the Moors Trebeliz or Tarabilis seated on the Sea-side is not great but full Peopled with Turks Moors The Scituation and Jews surrounded with high and defensible Stone-Walls strengthened in several places with Sconces and Bullwarks yet having but two Gates one on the South-side going out to the main Land and one on the North by the Haven adjoyning to which Gates are two Forts that on the North securing the Haven which is very pleasant and beneficial and of capacity enough to contain many Ships The Houses like those of Tunis and the Streets very well pav'd with one large Prison or Masmora for Christian Slaves whereof there are always some here though much fewer than at Tunis or Algier besides divers Mosques and some Hospitals but for the greatest part sorely decay'd through the Cruelty of the Wars Kaps Kaps or Kapis or Kapis or Kafis by Marmol call'd Kasce and by the Moors according to Mercator Kabez being the Takape of the Antients stands near the Midland-Sea environ'd with lofty Walls and strengthened with a Castle Machres Machres or Mahara a Village about thirteen miles from the Isle of Zerby with a Castle for the defence of Kaps Bay Elhamma Elhamma a Roman Platform three miles from Kapes having Walls of Hewen Stone and Gates whereon in Marble Tablets may yet be read Latin Inscriptions Zoara Zoara or Zoarat taken by the Antients for the Haven Pisidon is an antient Town by the Mediterrane thirteen miles to the East of the Island Zerby There is one more little inhabited Rasalmabes and of as little fame onely for the Name controverted by Authors some making it Gichtis others Rasalmabes and Simlerus the Gita of Antoninus The Syrtes are two a greater and a lesser the lesser is an ill Neighbour to the Gulf of Kaps near Tripoli being very dangerous by reason of the Shelves Banks and Quick-sands lying round about But the great Syrtes in the Maps are call'd The Shoals of Barbary and in Spanish Baxos de Carthage which is the same over against Ezzab Syrtes is properly a Greek word The Syrtes signifying Shifting Sands sometimes having much and then little Water and sometimes almost none at all The greater of these Syrtes is in Nine and twenty Degrees North Latitude and Forty eight Degrees of Longitude but the smaller in Two and thirty Degrees Latitude and in Three and forty Degrees Longitude The Lake Tritonis The Lake Tritinis famous in Antiquity and often mention'd by Historians and Geographers lies in the very heart of Little Africa Volateranus says there are there of the said Name viz. this of Lybia thought to be the Birth-place of Minerva another of Boetia and a third in Thessalia Ptolomy places here two that is Tritonis by Marmol call'd Kapis and the other the Lake of Pallas Diodorus after all makes mention of another near the Atlantick Ocean ¶ THe Rivers of this Kingdom The Rivers are Karsarnaker Rasalmabes and Magro otherwise Cenifes all which take their originals from Mount Atlas and discharge their Waters into the Midland-Sea near the places from which they take their Names ¶ THe Countrey is all Sandy The Soyl. and so Barren that no kind of Corn by the best Husbandman be produced there so that the Inhabitants would almost perish with Hunger if Corn were not Transported thither from other places to supply their defective Harvests ¶ THere is in this City no fresh Water Their Scarcity of Water but that which runs from the tops of the Houses through Gutters Not far from Elhamma rises a great Spring to the Southward whose Waters being exceeding hot are conveyed by Pipes into the Bathes there which notwithstanding it s so distant Current yet retains the Heat so powerfully that few will adventure to go into it yet sometimes for pure necessity the Inhabitants are compell'd to drink thereof though in regard of its Sulphurous Quality it operates little towards the quenching of their thirst Lastly not far from the City is a Standing-Water call'd The Lake of the Melatson by reason of having a strange power to Cure the Leprosie Sanutus places here the Lotus-Tree which by some are call'd Mikakoliers or rather Alsiers of which Fruit being sweeter than Dates the Inhabitants make very pleasant Wine Lemmons Oranges and Dates grow here in great abundance but no other Fruits except Halbhazis which groweth under Ground to the bigness of a Bean it tastes like an Almond but is never chew'd onely sucked ¶ THe Inhabitants of Tripolis live chiefly upon Weaving and Merchandising Those of Kapes being poor Their Employment are generally Husbandmen and Fishers paying Tribute of all their Labors to the Bashaw Those of Elhamma are lazy poor and very Thieves The Zoarers burn Lime which they carry to Tripolis But all live hardly their Food being so scarce that he is
Ilha del Fogo or The Island of Fire Island del Fogo because of its Vomiting Smoke and Fire out of its highest Hills lieth in fourteen degrees and twenty minutes North-Latitude twelve Miles North-Westerly from the South-West Point of St. Jago On the West side you discover another Road with a Castle adjoyning Built at the foot of a Mountain but the Haven affords little conveniency by reason of the strong Current before it Those that Sail out of the East and intend for this Harbor must make to the Northward about the Countrey or else they will scarce fetch it for the Wind blows very hard and the ground is deep and runs down sloaping so that indeed none can be had but under the Castle Four Miles South-Westward from del Fogo Island del Brava lieth Ilha del Brava or The Desolate Island having on the West side a convenient Entrance for those that will take in fresh Water But the Haven lies to the South-East with fifteen Fathom Water so that an East-India Man may Ride there with his Starne moved towards the Shore Above the Haven stands a Hermitage with people South-Westward from Ilha Brava Island St. Nicholas in the Altitude of twelve degrees and almost thirty minutes appears a dry place two Ships length and one broad St. Nicholas-Isle seventeen Miles from the Salt-Island sets its North-West end in sixteen degrees and twenty minutes at the West end three Miles broad and at the East a Mile and a half and seven or eight long M. Figuredo places the Haven at the South side giving it the name of Porto de Berguira with an Islet at the entrance and to the north-North-West lieth beyond the Point the Haven Fuoor Fole St. Lucie Island St. Lucie a high and Hilly Island eight or nine Miles long with its South end in the Altitude of sixteen degrees and eighteen minutes At the South-East end are two small Islands as on the East South-East end the Haven with a fine Sandy Shore On the south-South-West towards St. Vincent lies another Harbor of twenty Fathom Water Thirty Miles Westward from the Salt-Island Island St. Vincent and two Miles West from St. Lucie lieth St. Vincent in the Altitude of seventeen degrees five Miles long It hath at the North-West side a half Oval-Bay a Mile and a half wide and surrounded with high Mountains The high Mountains of St. Anthonys-Isle defend this Bay from the West and North-West Winds so that it seems the most convenient Haven among all the Islands yet the coming to it is dangerous by reason of the strong Winds blowing impetuously from the high Mountains The South end of St. Vincent hath a little fresh Water but elsewhere cannot be had one drop St. Anthony Island St Anthony the most Northermost of all in seventeen degrees North-Latitude two Miles and a half from St. Vincent hath two high Mountains the one almost as high as the Piek of Teneriff in the Canary-Islands but both most commonly cover'd with Clouds There live about five hundred Inhabitants on this Island At the North-West end stands a Village of about twenty Huts wherein dwell about fifty Families as well Negro's as Whites Govern'd by a Captain Priest and Schoolmaster all which speak very good Portuguese but they live very poorly At the Northside is a Road in the Latitude of sixteen degrees and fifty minutes North-Latitude The unwholesomeness of the Air in all these Islands Air. breeds generally in the Inhabitants Burning-Feavers Belly-Ach and the Bloody-Flux Their Scituation being between the Equinoctial and Tropick of Cancer affords the Inhabitants two Summers When the Sun enters into Cancer which is in June it Rains there continually with Storms of Thunder Lightning and Wind which continues till the middle of October which Jarrik seems to affirm where he writes That it doth Rain there in August September and October and the Air about the middle of June gets a remarkable change growing damp and foggy with Mists out of the Sea The Portuguese find these Islands wild and desolate Plants but most of them now are Till'd and bare Rice Mayz Tares Oranges Lemons Citrons Bananoes Ignames Potatoes Cucumbers Cotton Pomegranates all sorts of Figs Coco-Nuts and Vines which bear Fruit twice a year The principal Cattel breeding here are Goats and Sheep Beasts but they have a few Oxen and Cows Fowl and Poultry increase even to admiration such are Hens Crains Turtle-Doves Turkicocks Morehens Quails and Birds which the Portuguese call Flamingo's that is Flemmings with white Feathers red Quills and a Body like a Goose Their greatest Wealth consists in Goat-skins and Salt Riches which they send in great Parcels from the Islands Del Sall Boavista Mayo and St. Lago by Shipping into Europe This as to the general we will now descend to particulars The Inland of Del Sal lies almost cover'd with Stones but without either Plants or Trees onely towards the South-East Point hard by a white Sandy Bank are seventy two Salt-Pans Many Turtels and Fish are taken between the Cliffs out of which the Slaves decoct a Train-Oil all out of the Salt-Water for they have no fresh In short such is the sterility as affords no other refreshment but poor Goats yearly kill'd in great numbers for their Skins Two Miles from the Road on the South side of the Countrey is a Pond of Salt-Water nine or ten foot deep into which a Brook runs with very clear water but not held to be very wholsome because brakish St. Jago yields all sorts of Fruits having indeed a very fruitful Soyl Trees of Cedar Colcoes Oranges and the like all along beautifie the Banks of the River Ribeira Korea They have also Rice Maiz Mille Cotton and Sugar-Canes The European Herbs and Plants sent thither grow very well there but must be every year renew'd All the Wine they drink Lisbone furnishes them with but other Provisions they can spare to their Neighbors The Cattel there breeding are Oxen Horses Asses and Goats besides Hens Ilha Brava produces Figgs Mulberries and other Fruits also Mille Maiz Water-Melons and many others Some Goats but they may not be sold without leave of the Governor of St. Jago On the Island St. Nicholas are but few Trees It feeds many wild Cats and Goats close by the Shore is fresh Water in a Pond which in time of Rain flows over the Shore into the Sea St. Lucie appears Mountainous with many Woods and some fresh Water At the West side hath no other Inhabitants than Mice and Tortoises At the Watering-place of the Island St. Vincent fresh Water may be had out of Wells but not very pleasant Below on the highest Mountain there floweth a Brook whose Waters are fresh and well tasted all the rest sulphurous and brackish and for that cause unfit to drink The parch'd ground bears little but stones being every where so bare that there is neither Leaves nor Grass to be found but onely a few Shrubby Bushes
beholden to Bosio Megisaer Hieronymo Alexandrinus de Naberat besides one a great Observer that long Inhabited there AN ACCURATE DESCRIPTION OF AFRICA The Induction THE Terraqueous Globe whereof Africa shares no narrow Limits seems but an Imaginary Point to the vast Expansions of the Universe though in it self of a Great Magnitude for its Girdle or Equinoctial Circle contains in length 21600 English Miles or rather such as 60 make * Concerning this see Mr. Norwoods Experiment or Sea-mans Practice As likewise Mr. Oughtred's Treatise of Navigation at the end of his Circles of Proportion a Degree And the Diameter or Axis of the Earth according to the same measure amounts to 6875 Miles The Semidiameter 3438. But the Superficies of this Mighty Ball if by a General Survey set forth in square Miles reckons up 148510584 of the like Miles which is the product of the Circumference multiplied by the Diameter not omitting its Fractional part The Earth is divided into three Parts or rather Islands remoted from each other by Circum-ambient Sea though their Largeness nominates them Continents The first contains Europe Asia and Africa the second America and the third Isle Magellanica The first being the then onely known World The Old World Antiquity confers on the three Sorts of Noah to Sem * Who some say though the eldest shared the least part being contented with his Patrimonial Improvements whilest his younger brothers roamed through settling their several Plantations in the un-inhabited world Asia to Ham Africa and gave Japhet Europe yet later Ceographers make of this onely two parts casting Africk into Europe supposing the †Gades or Hercules Pillars Mountains Calpe and Abyle now the Jaws of Gibraltar were opened by an Earthquake receiving then also an Inundation from the Atlantick which now makes the Mediterranean Sea being before all continued Land Others divide by the Mid-land Sea from the Straights of Gibraltar unto Tanais placing Europe on the North and spreading Asia on the other side over the utmost Extent of Africa Some double this again making four Divisions of this our first Part of the World viz. Europe Asia Africa and Egypt Others later have once more reduced them to three joyning Egypt to Asia yet very improperly making the Nile bound Asia and Africa so that Egypt striding the River extends her Limits into both But the most modern Geographers make the Arabian Gulf the Meer betwixt Asia and Africa casting Egypt into the last Concerning the several Divisions of this our old World much hath been said both by Greek and Latine Writers not pertinent in this place to be taken notice of The second Island of the Globe The New World call'd America from Americus Vesputius a Florentine who by a lucky hit * Or the gingle of his Name Americk with Africk though signifying no more in English than Harry Wasp obtained the Denomination of this New World from the first Discoverer Christopher Columbus a Genöese employed by Ferdinand and Isabel King and Queen of Castile and Arragon in the Year 1492. The Southern Parts Peru that vast Empire was after penetrated by Pizarro Anno 1525. Magellanica The Unknown World the Unknown World or third Island was so called from her first Discoverer Ferdinand Magellanus being found by him in 1520. Sir Francis Drake our Famous Navigator forty five years after made a farther Inspection and in 1557. Sir Thomas Candish next Oliver van Noord a Hollander but the latest and last who made a far deeper incision than all the rest was Ferdinando de Quier a Spaniard Thus much in brief concerning the Division and Dimension of the Universal Globe which we are hereafter to treat of henceforth we shall onely speak of Africa the chosen Argument of this our First Volume of which ere we particularize thus in general Africa in general AFRICA Names of Africa so called from the Grecians according to Festus and the most Eminent Geographers signifies wanting or devoid of Cold though by some the whole was taken for Lybia which is now but a single Province Also they call'd it Olympia Oceania Coryphe Hesperia Ortygia Ammonis Aethiopia Cyrene Ofiusa Cefenia and Eria but the Romans call'd it onely Lybia and Africa Lybia from Lybia Daughter of Epaphus son of Jupiter and Africa from Afer the son of Hercules The Moores if you consult Thebets Geography call it Alkebulan and the Indians Bezecath the Arabians who formerly over-ran the major part knew their Conquests by the Name of Ifriquia derived from the word Faruch which signifies Separation because it is visibly more separated not onely from theirs but from all other Countreys than any other part of the whole World for the Mid-land Sea parts it from Europe the Arabian Gulf from Asia and the Atlantick Ocean from our later Discoveries Some Arabians as Marmoll tells us call it Ifiriquia The West-Indies in honor of Melek Ifiriqui an ancient King of Arabia Felix who driven from his own planted here a New Kingdom which after grew great and populous The Turks as some write call it * The West Countrey as to the Arabians who penetrated that way Magribon from Magrip though this Name properly belongs onely to the Western Sea AFRICAE ACCURATA TABULA ex officina IACOBUM MEURSIUM As Claudian Tot mihi pro meritis Libyam Nilumque dedêre Ut dominam plebem bellatoremque Senatum Classibus aestivis alerent geminoque vicissim Littore diversi complerent horrea venti Stabat certa salus Memphis si forte negasset Pensabam Pharium Getulis messibus annum Frugiferas certare rates lateque videbam Punica Niliacis concurrere carbasa velis They gave me Libya De Laud. Stil Lib. 2. and th' Aegyptian Shore For my deserts that they might with their Store The People and the Warlike Senate feed And with contrary Winds supply their need Famine farewel if Memphis should deny Getulian Harvests will our Wants supply Freighted with Corn I saw the Punick Fleet And Ships from Nilus in our Harbours meet And Prudentius Respice num Libyci desistat ruris arator Frumentis onerare rates ad Ostia Tibris Mittere triticeos in pastum plebis acervos See if the Libyan Swain neglects to load In Symmach Our Ships with Corn and to the Ostian Road Sends Wheaten Mountains for the Peoples Food And Horace Illum si proprio condidit horreo Quicquid de Libycis veritur areis Gaudentem patrios findere sarculo Agros Attalicis conditionibus Nunquam dimoveas ut trabe Cypria Myrtoum pavidus nauta secet mare Perswasions him shall never charm Hor. Ode 1. Grown proud of his Paternal Farm Where Lybick Harvests thwack his Grange Not for King Attalus Wealth to change His plenteous state to furrow Brine And cross rough Seas in brittle Pine But next to those who derive the Name from the Hebrew word Epher or Aphar Festus seems to have hit the Etymology of the word Africa ¶ JUdea and the
Montis like a Mountain by singular Art and although it appear in a square form all along to the very top yet these four-square stones are set in so uniform an order that the whole Structure seems to represent the form of a Picked Hill The going up by reason of the thickness and bigness of the stones is difficult and toylsom yet feisible for though I my self used a competent endeavor I could not in an hour and half ascend to the top which is flat and ten Cubits on each side The second Pyramid is a little less than the first The second Pyramid and about two Bowes shot from it without any entrance into it On the out-side you may climb half way up the stones being so fitted on purpose as in the former but a little leveller and smaller Near the middle way they lye so even that it is impossible to climb any higher and this smoothness which seems to be done on purpose reaches to the height of several cubits which if it could be passed from thence to the top being one third part of the Pyramid the stones lying carelesly and uneven you might as well be able to climb up to the top of it as of the aforemention'd Pyramid The third lying next Cairo was erected as we said by Rhodope The third Fyramid made wholly of sloping stones so that there is no climbing up Three Bowes shot from it on the one side toward the City standeth a Head suppos'd of that Concubine with a long Neck and large Arms seven Cubits high and cut out of one entire Stone Some imagine that out of the first great Pyramid which we entred by a hollow Passage under ground through a firm Quar which we saw arch'd over with stone a small and secret Entrance came into this Head and from thence so is the common fame by the mouth of that Head Oracles delivered In the Pyramids were Tutelar or Guardian Images Guardian Idols call'd Serapes by the Egyptians call'd Serapes and by them placed there for the protection of the Corps and to carry the Souls to their Heavenly mansions They were graven from the bottom to the top with various Hieroglyphicks Among others were found two such Images of a Man and a Woman both adorn'd with Caps and Ear-lappets made of black Thebane Stones thick above and small beneath They stood upon a broad Pedestal in the Countrey of Sahid not far from the Red Sea in a Pyramid wherein Age on one side had made an In-let through which some Turks climbing had taken them out each of which weighed almost Eight hundred Pounds The Turks opinion'd that formerly the Kings of this Countrey worship'd these Images and had commanded the like to their Subjects who after their death here buried their Princes together with their Idols They were both heretofore graven with Egyptian Letters which according to the Exposition of those who understand that kinde of Learning signifie several Deities of which the highest call'd Jynx stands clothed in the uppermost place whose sole power preserves the Bodies from all Accidents and brings them to their they suppose Celestial Abodes Amongst the most notable Remarks in and about Cairo Famous Sepulchres under ground or within four miles the Marble Sepulchres under ground by which the City Memphis and many places round about it stood and yet stand upon Arches and Vaults breeds most admiration far exceeding in greatness and curiosity the Monuments of the Romans The Learned Egyptians of old Egyptians held the Pythagerâ—au Metempsychosis which held the Pythagorean Metempsychosis or Transmigration of the Soul from one Body to another took care not only for their dead Corps with great Preparation of several Spices to preserve them from corruption but endeavor'd also by laying it in a convenient place to keep it quiet therefore with wondrous pains and curiosity they neither disposed them in places over which the Nile flowed nor in the open Fields but either in long-continuing Pyramids or Stone Caves under ground which with great labor were cut out of entire Rocks These Caves serv'd in stead of Church-yards parted into several Vaults or arched Apartments like great Dining-Rooms with so many turnings out of one into another that they seem to be a perfect Labyrinth There were as the Egyptians themselves report so many of these that they extended many Miles off even as far as the Oracles of Ammon and Serapis this was no small advantage to the Priests Conveniency of the Priests in the Subterranean Vaults for that they could by these avenues without hindrance from the heat of the Sun or stiffling of the Sands meet and converse together From hence it would seem that the whole Sandy Desart should be hollow or vaulted underneath which none ought to think strange if he observe the many other stupendious Works of this Countrey and shall mark considerately what is written by Antiquity of the vast Extent and exceeding Populousness of Memphis Moreover some Arabian Writers in their Books stick not to aver that Memphis and Heliopolis by hidden Passages under ground were united together being divers miles distant At the end of this they come to a four-square Vaulted Repository A Description of the Egyptian Vaults for Burial four and twenty foot long on either side and at the end of each stand Tables cut out of the same Rock about five foot long two and a half broad and one foot high opposite to each other whereupon they set their Dead in Chests or Coffins of Wood or Stone In some Caves in the Wall above the Chests or Coffins of the Dead are certain Hieroglyphick Characters and there stand besides the mentioned Eminent Coffins more and other flat ones upon the Floor round about those which seem to be Childrens Oftentimes there lye five and twenty such Caves near one another as in the PRINT above wherein these Caves are represented to the life All of them come out at one Passage or Descent and because there is no light nor any other Entrance than the first within it is utterly dark so that without Torches and a Leader it is dangerous to venture into them The Ground-plat of this FOREGOING PRINT is the fashion of the Cave together with the Tables whereon the Bodies shut in the Coffins are set which here are to the number of nine all of equal bigness one of which is marked with the letter D. Each Cave hath on the four sides of it Marble Tables so big that the Coffin may conveniently stand thereon these Tables together with the four Walls of every Cave stand in the Draught or Platform with the numbers 1.2.3.4 as the letter X sheweth the Ground or Floor of the Walls All this appears cleerer in the Draught where S and T are two Vaulted Caves Between the four Walls of the Vaulted Cave S four Tables are to be seen on which are four Chests as A. O. P. K. denotes every of which has inclos'd Mummies Commonly there
are at the Head Images set representing Children in Swadling-Clothes with Figures of the Tutelar Gods and at the Foot sits a Hawk for they believe that the Body by their presence shall be freed from all violence The second Cave T contains the like number of Tables marked with the letters LMNB whereupon the Embalmed Corps with their Tutelar Gods by them are set The letters Q and R shew the Ground or Floor of the other two Caves and the letters G and H the place of the Tables The letter G. denotes the Entrance into several other Caves the number of which is so great that they reach several miles as they say On each Wall of some Caves are seen Hieroglyphical Figures of the Guardian-Gods which appear directly over against them as the letters E F and Y Z shew Now wherefore these Hieroglyphicks are Graven over against them and not at the end is by a hidden Mystery signified that the inclination and kindness of those Gods was the same which themselves had to the Corps for the Egyptians believ'd that such kind of Figures had a great power and operation in them and therefore they are set by them as Guardians to the Body Thus we have given a Description of the Stone Caves under-ground wherein the Egyptians Buried their Embalmed Bodies now call'd Mummies As to the Mummies themselves Mummies what they are and the manner of their Hieroglyphical Signatures two things are to be considered first the Chests or Coffins wherein the Bodies are lay'd and afterwards the Body it self onely call'd Mummy The Body or Mummy it self void of all Hieroglyphicks is Embalmed with Spices and Bitumen But the Chests or Coffins wherein the Mummies lye and the Winding-sheets wherein they are wrapt up be richly gilt streaked with several Colours and curiously depicted with Hieroglyphicks Every Corps lyes in a smooth or costly Chest or Coffin according to the state and ability of the person when living made either of Stone or Sycomore wood which is not subject to Worm-eating This Coffin is gilt all over and always hath carved on it either the likeness of some Deity to whose Protection it was committed or the shape of those who lay Buried therein the Hieroglyphick Figures expressed thereon were several and sometimes these that is the Image of the Deity or Person as we said before The Figures of an Altar an Owl a Semi-circle a Paper-Pedegree of the Family with an Inscription a Pitcher with one Ear a Water-pot two Pillars divided into four halfs a Snare a Balsam-Vessel or Urn a Goose an Egyptian Ship a Branch of the Plant Papyrus with several other Characters which have all some peculiar signification aiming at the preservation of the Body The whole Image represents the Goddess Isis together with the tutelar Gods The seven trailing Streams upon the Breast signifie the seven Planets By the Bodies cover'd with a Cloak or Garment like a Net is imported that Nature by hidden and hazardous adventures makes Life a Snare and full of entangling puzzle and continual struggle The Image of a Woman with out-stretched Arms signifyeth the Egyptian * Jynx Jynx is the eternal Divine Image according to which all was Created by God say they The long Feathers in both Hands import the swiftness or suddenness of their Operations the Wreath or Chaplet upon its Head shews that it is the greatest of all Deities to the tuition of the six Lares or Tutelar Gods viz. Horus Anubis Nephte Cynocephalus Osyris and Arveris is the Body committed The Cords in their Hands import that they stop and binde up the powers of contention and strife Horus upon the mentioned Chest or Coffin was in the shape of a Child Anubis of a Dog Nephte which with the Egyptians is Venus with the Hebrews Astaroth of a Woman upon her knees Cynocephalus of an Ape and Osyris of a Hawk These in the opinion of the Egyptians carry all Souls to the Heavenly abodes and therefore not without reason represented on most of the Mummies Within the Coffins also in the Winding-sheets or Wrappers Images within the Coffins are Earthen Images some as big as a Finger others as a Foot put there to defend the Bodies against evil Spirits in several shapes of Men and Women and other Creatures On their Head they have commonly a Cap with Ear-lappets on the Breast many fine Winding-Clothes they hold the Hands across with a Hawk in the left they are all cloathed almost in one fashion as the Mummies themselves that is bound up in Swadling-clothes after the manner of an Infant Round about them both before and behind above and beneath the same Characters are written which are also upon the Grave-clothes of the Mummies and are to this purpose The Spirit of this Body Blessed by the Life of the favourable and gratious Deity shall by the Worship of the Tribe or Family of Horus the Governor of Years or Time fly to Heaven In these Coffins lye the Mummies Embalmed with Spices and Bitumen How the Coverings of the Dead are adornd stretched out at length and bound up with several Wrappers of fine Linnen or Silk with in-imitable Art and great care and circumspection These Wrappers are spread over with a mixture of Wax Pitch and a Chalky Salve partly to preserve the Bodies from corruption and partly that they may the easier and firmlyer write thereon the Hieroglyphicks Upon these Clothes commonly is pourtray'd first the Pictures of those wound up therein with colours that will never fade or decay holding in their Hands things sacred to the Service and Worship of the Gods together with the Fruits usually offer'd up to them Upon the uppermost Covering are Ribbons and Fillets seeming to be set with small round Glass Beads of many colours with Girdles powder'd over with a Stuff resembling precious Stones stitch'd on with a Needle Between the fore-mentioned Ribbons are Hieroglyphicks of Celestial and Terrestrial Creatures viz. In one place the Figure of the Sun and Moon in another of the Bird Ibis with Serpents in his Bill There are also Lyons whereby the fruitful Nile is expressed and other more such like lastly appears the Mummy it self the Feet wrap'd like an Infants in Swadling-clothes The Bodies of Kings and other Great Persons were sometimes lay'd in Pots or Urns Urns for the Dead wherein Kings were lay'd whereon was the Image of Canopus their God of Nile over which that of a Hawk whereby they imported the Deity of the Sun to whose Protection the Corps therein was committed then were characterized thereupon several lesser Figures in Columns as a Goose a Serpent a Scepter a Water-Tankerd and two Forks a Hawks head two long Feathers with a Water-pot under two Oyled Pictures a Semi-circle the Bird Ibis a Crooked Billet another Image of Ibis pourtray'd in a Garden The Exposition of the Figures Every of these Figures have a peculiar Explanation all together amounting to this sence or purpose O Chenosyris the Guardian make
with Horses and Asses intermixt and contrary to most in these parts their Women go with their Faces bare SUS THE Territory of Sus or Sous Its Borders formerly a Kingdom took name from the River Sus which bounds on the West as far as the Great Bay of * That is of great Cattel Juments or de la Yeguas Northward it reaches to Mount Atlas where touching on the Side of Hea on the South lyes the sandy Desart of Biledulgerid on the East bordering upon Guzula In this Territory on the Sea-shore lye three small Cities all known by one common name Messe being indeed rather one City divided into three parts each separated and surrounded with a Wall This was heretofore call'd Temest being seated on the shore of the great Ocean at the foot of Atlas or Aidvacal as they call it The River Sus running through the Messe A strange Temple at a place call'd Guertesen falleth into the Sea on whose shore a Temple appears whose sparrs rafters and beams are said to be the bones of the Whale which swallowed the Prophet Jonas who was thrown up again in this place The learned among them stick not to affirm That this our Minor Prophet shall appear in this Temple being so declared by their great Prophet Mahomet for which Reason they all highly reverence and preserve it with extraordinary care Hereabout are many large Whales often begrounded which the common People fancy happeneth by an occult quality of that Temple which kills all those Monsters coming that way and endeavouring to swim by it Teceut Teceut an antient City a Mile from Messe Triangular and contains four thousand Families In the middle of it stands a fair Temple through which runs an Arm of the River Sus. The Countrey hereabout is full of Hamlets and Villages but more Southerly is not inhabited but over-run by the wilde and wandring Arabs One Mile from Teceut lyeth Gared Gared founded by the Cerif Abdala about the Year Fifteen hundred on a Plain by a great Spring call'd Ayn Cequie Here is a sort of excellent * Moroquines Kids-Leather which in such great quantities is transported into Europe that the Custom of it yearly to this City produceth Thirty thousand Ducats The Principal City of all is Tarudant by the Moors call'd Tourant Tarudant twelve Miles East from Teceut and two Miles South from Atlas in a pleasant Valley eighteen or twenty Miles long This City water'd by the River Agur was formerly the Metropolis of the whole Kingdom and the Royal Seat and Chamber of the Kings of Sus. Half a Mile from Tarudant stands Faraixa built by Mahomet Cherif Taraixa before he was King of Morocco Tedsi twelve Miles Eastward of Tarudant twenty from the Ocean Tedsi and seven to the South of great Atlas was in former times very rich containing above four thousand Families but is now by their Civil Wars almost ruined Togoast the greatest City of this Territory twenty Miles from the Atlantick Togoast eighteen from Atlas and three from the Sus contain'd in former times six thousand Houses which at present are reduced to a far smaller Number Volateranus says this was the Birth-place of the antient and famous Doctor St. Augustine On the Westerly shore of the River Sus lyeth Cape Aguar Cape of Aguar taken by Ptolomy for the Cape Usagium This place in former times belong'd to the Portugues who erected there a very strong Castle by them call'd Santa Cruce and by the Moors Darumnie that is Christian-House Afterward the Portugals founded a strong City in the same Place which they possess'd a long time but at last were driven out of it by the Cherif in the Year Fifteen hundred thirty and six On a cutting Skirt of Atlas by the great Ocean Gantguessen at the Mouth of the River Sus stands Gantguessen a very strong place and more Southerly on the Sea-Coast these places Aguilon Alganzib Samotinat with the Capes of Guilon and Non or Nun in twenty seven Degrees Northern Latitude ¶ THe Mountains of Sus are Henquise The Mountains reaching from West to East twelve Miles in length Ilalem or Laalem Guzula beginning at the end of Henquise and stretching Eastward to Guzula South to the Plains of Sus Ilde the Western boundary between Guzula and Sus. All the Inhabitants of Messe maintain themselves by Husbandry The Nature of the ground of the Territory Sus. encouraged thereto for that in April and September the River Sus rises and overflows its Banks which causes a plentiful Harvest whereas if it fail in one of the aforemention'd Moneths then generally follows a Scarcity or dear Year On the shore by Messe is found very good Amber in great plenty All about the City of Teceut the Grounds abound with Wheat Barley and many other sorts of Grain as also Sugar-canes besides Dates Figs and Peaches Mount Henquise is cold and continually cover'd with Snow Mount Laalem abounds with Horses and holds in her bosom a rich Vein of Silver From Tarudant is brought Ostridge Feathers and Amber and so transported into Europe The People of Tedsi live orderly and behave themselves with great Trust and Civility The like do the Inhabitants of Tagoast whose Women for the most part are white and Handsom nevertheless there are Blacks and Tauny-Moors among them They of Messe are Husbandmen but those of Teceut ill natured proud and pervicacious Those of Henquise and Ilalem are Valiant and Generous but maintain old Feuds about their Silver Mines Lastly The Mahumetans themselves living in this Territory shew great Honor to the Body of St. Augustine which they report lyeth Buried near the City of Tagoast DUCALA THE Territory of Ducala hath for Borders Limits of the Territory of Ducala on the East the River Umarabea or Omniâ—abih and the Country of Temesne on the East the Tenzift and Cape of Cantin with part of Hea on the North the great Ocean and on the South the Province of Morocco and the River Habid The greatest length from West to East is Thirty It s Bigness and the breadth according to Marmol Twenty four Miles The Cities and Places of Note in it are First Azamor Azamor a City lying at the Mouth of the River Umarabea three Miles from Mazagan In the Year Fifteen hundred and thirteen Emmanuel King of Portugal to revenge himself of the Injury which Zeyam the Governor of this City had done him Was won by the Pertuguese in disappointing of his Marriage sent a Fleet of two hundred Ships with great Forces who coming to this City begirt it with a strong Siege and compell'd the Inhabitants to surrender The Portuguese who entred Ruin'd and Plunder'd it and not so contented proceeded further and took and wasted divers other Places The Town before this War contain'd above Five thousand Houses and is still large and populous being subject to the Moors who keep a strong Garrison in
the Rivers Maguibba or Rio Nova Mava Plizoge and Monoch in Portuguese call'd Rio Aguado In five Degrees and three and forty Minutes of Northern Latitude lies Kaboc Monte twelve miles Eastward whereof rises a high Mountain call'd Cape Mesurado adjoyning to which is the River Saint Paulo and ten miles from it Rio Junk or Siunk and Saint Johns River empty their Waters into the Sea six miles East from this River stands the Village call'd Tabe-Kanee Petit-Dispo and Diepe by the Blacks nam'd Tabo Dagroh Six miles from Little Diepe the River Sestus falls into the Sea And here begins the Grain-Coast being a Tract of forty miles in Length on the Easterly Part of which lieth Little Sestus and five miles farther Cabo Baixos and then Zanwiin a small Village distant thence three miles passing on toward the East you come to Bofou or Bofoe and so to Setter and Bottowa Cape Swine appears next in order with a Village of the same name and then at little distances you come to Crow Wappen or Wabbo Drowyn Great Setter Gojaurn Garway Greyway or Grouway and lastly Cabo de Palmas or Palm Cape Here at the Village of Grouway begins Tooth-Coast so call'd from the abundance of Elephants Teeth there to be had beginning two miles Eastward of Cape Palm and ending at Cape de la Hou making a Tract of fifty miles within which are not many inhabited Towns for the first is four and twenty miles from Cape Palm and call'd Tabo the next Petiero a mile farther and close by the Sea then Taho five miles from thence and at the like distance from that Berly in four Degrees and a half of Latitude close by which St. Andrews River enters the Sea where it makes a great imbowed Reach to the South-East towards Red-Land so call'd from its red Cliffs Beyond the Red Cliffs appears Cape'de la Hou the utmost limit of Tooth-Coast from whence Quaqua-Coast commences and extends to the Village Assine the first place of Gold-Coast a mile and a half upward in a barren place void of all shelter or Trees stands a little Township call'd Koutrou or Katrou and not far from thence Jakke La-Hou within five miles of which Jak in Jakko from whence you go directly to a place adjoyning to the Sea and commonly intituled The Pit or Bottomless Lake About sixteen miles Eastward of La-Hou lieth a place call'd Kerbe La-Hou in the Bants-Coast before which place the Sea is very deep for a Stones-throw from the Shore they have forty or fifty Fathom Water Eight and twenty or thirty miles from Cape La-Hou lieth Assine where the Guinee Gold-Coast begins being twelve miles Eastward of Kerbe La-Hou and ends at the plentiful Golden Village Akera making in all a Tract of fifty miles The Kingdoms upon the Sea-Coast are Atzin Little Inkassan Anten Guaffo Fetu Sabou Fantin Aghwana Akara Labbede and Ningo In Atzin are three Villages one of which is call'd Akombene but the chiefest is Atzin Little Inkassan contains no place worthy remark save Cabo-Das-Tres-Puntas Anten reckons within it self these following Villages Bothrom Poyera Pando Takorary or Anten Maque Jaque Sakonde and Sama. Three miles from Takorary Guaffo shews it self first then Aitako or Little Commendo two miles Eastward of Sama afterwards Ampea Kotabry Aborby and Terra Pekine In Fetu on the Shore there lieth a little Hamlet which the Natives call Igwa but the Merchant corruptly Cabo Cors from its near neighborhood to Cabo Curso On the Borders of this Kingdom of Fetu stands the famous Castle of Saint George or Del Myne built by the Portuguese on whose West-side lieth Dana or Dang where the Salt River Bensa entreth the Sea as the Sweet River Utri doth half a mile more to the East In Sabou you first discover the Township of Moure and by it the Castle of Nassau built by the Hollanders Fantin shews it self Cormantine Ville two miles Eastward of Moure then Anemalo and a Cannon-shot Westwards thereof Adja In Agwana are these places of name viz. Craggy Point Soldiers Bay The Devils Mountain New Biamba Old Biamba Great Berku Jaka the principal Sea-Town Corks-brood and Little Berku all which Places have strong Rocks before their Havens In Akara on the Sea-Coast stand Soko Orsaky and Little Akara being fifteen miles Eastward of Cormantine and the last place of the Gold-Coast Two miles Eastward of Akara in the Kingdom of Lebbade stands a Town of the same Name Lastly in Ningo are four chief Ports viz. Ningo four miles from Akara and two miles from Lebbede Temina a mile from Ningo Sinko the like from Temina and Pissy all naturally fortifi'd with high Cliffs Seven miles East of Akara on the Shore Sinko comes in view from whence Journeying on still to the East you arrive at a Village where the River Rio Volta runs into the Sea between these lieth Fishers Town and not far distant Cabo Montego in a Low-land with several small Woods about it From thence Eastward to the Village Popou the Countrey is very plain and even four miles below Popou begins the Kingdom of Ardez and ends at the Town Aqua within which Tract are contained the Hamlets of Foulaen and Ardre Southward of which lies Oost a Tract of Land eight miles long boasting a handsom City call'd Jackeyne three days Journey from thence stands Jojo another good Town and a quarter of a mile farther a City named Ba. Sixteen miles Eastward of Little Arder Rio Lagas runs into the Ocean and eighteen miles farther the River Benin with a broad and wide Mouth loses it self in the Sea Four and twenty miles beyond Rio Forcado having visited the Eastern Borders of the Kingdom of Ouwerre falls into the Sea by Cape Formoso in four Degrees and eight Minutes North Latitude Fifteen miles from Cape Formoso runs the River Reael or Calberine between which Cape and River seven others have their course into the Sea the first is call'd Riotton half a mile Eastward of Formoso the second Rio Odi in the Latitude of four Degrees and ten Minutes the third fourth and fifth are call'd Rio Saint Nicholas the sixth Rio de tres Irmaus the seventh Rio Sambreiro a mile beyond which is the little Territory of Bani Two miles from the Easterly Point of Calbarine the River Loitamba so call'd by the Inhabitants but by Seamen Rio Sant Domingo has its course all about which the Countrey is very plain even and full of Trees This Coast extends it self East South-East sixteen miles Rio del Rey a very wide and great River comes next in view then Camerones Pickereen very narrow both which have on each side plain Ground but full of Bushes Between these two last named Rivers lies the High-land of Amboises by the Spaniards call'd Alta Terra de Ambosi on whose West-side lies several Villages and among others Bodi or Bodiway otherwise Tesge and three small Islands call'd The Islands of Amboises In the next place come these following Rivers viz. Monoka Borba
than from the Cape of Serre-Lions to the Cape of Lopez Gonsalvez lying about one Degree and a half South Latitude But some yet restrain it more shutting it up between which they include the before-mentioned Cape of Serre-Lions and the River of Benin GVINEA Some Geographers have attributed to Guine the Title of a peculiar Kingdom making it begin at the Gram-Coast and the River of Benin but this cannot be considering the great numbers of several Kingdoms lying between them Again others oppose that making all along upon the Sea-Coast in every eight miles a particular Territory and People to each of whom they set a peculiar King but he forsooth is no better than a Provincial The greatest part of Guine which indeed lies all upon the Sea-Coast Guine is divided into several Coasts has several Names given to it according to the various Commodities they most abound with Some divide it into six or seven Parts others into five but the best and most known Partition is into the Guinee-Coast Ivory-Coast Quaqua-Coast and Gold-Coast The Grain-Coast so call'd from Manigetta or Grain of Paradise Grain-Coast abundantly there to be had taketh beginning from Cabo de Baixos and runs two miles beyond the Palmito Gardine or Cabo de Palmas although some would have it to commence at Serre-Lions Ivory-Coast by others call'd Bad People that is Villanous Vooth-Coast beginneth near the Town Gruwa two miles Eastward of Palmito and ends at Cape de Lahoe containing a Space of fifty miles From whence to Cabo des tres Puntas or Cape Triangle they reckon Quaqua-Coast so call'd from the Cotton Cloathes which are there Traded for Quaqua-Coast but the vulgar acceptation of Quaqua takes original from the Call wherewith the Inhabitants when they come near with their Skiffs to the Merchants Ships as a token and sign of salutation and welcom cry always Quaqua For the Gold-Coast we need not seek for the reason of the Name Gold-Coast because it speaks it self 't is a large spot of Ground extending in length fifty miles from Cape Triangle to Acre though some would stretch it to Rio Volla and others yet farther even to Rio Jagos and Rio de Benni Whence this Name Guine had the first original all Geographers differ The original of the Name Guine but the greatest probability seems to bring it from the Portuguese who being the first Discoverers and finding it to lie even with the before-described Kingdom of Guine or Geneva near the River Niger gave it the same Denomination with its Neighbor In the Description of this Countrey we shall onely set down some of the chiefest and which for the variety of Plants Beasts and Customs of the Inhabitants bear some remarkable difference from others and particularly begin with that of Bolm The TERRITORY of BOLM CILM and QUILLIGA THis Countrey whose Inhabitants are call'd in their Mother-Tongue The Countrey of Bolm Bolm-Monou lies by the Sea-Coast near the River Selbore taking Name from the Prince being very low and watery from whence denominated Bolm Fourteen or fifteen miles up the River on the Left-hand appears the Village Baga Baga where the Prince resides and keeps his Court Ten or eleven miles to the South-East you come to the Province of Cilm The Countrey of Cilm whose Inhabitants are named Cilm Monou Here are seated on the Banks of the River divers good Towns with the City Quanamora containing about five thousand Families The River Selbore or Rio des Palmas the chief of this Region lying in eight Degrees North Latitude towards the Mouth divides into two Branches one running to the Westward the Inhabitants name Torro the other passing to the South the Portugals call Rio de Sante Anna. Torro twice or thrice a year hath little Water and by reason of several Islands can onely be passed with Ketches of eighteen or twenty Last and other small Passage-Boats This River with its Branches produces many amphibious Creatures In the Mouth of it lieth a great Island so made by the two fore-named Arms which from their embraces thereof on each side suddenly fall into the Sea The Island with its Point call'd Sante Anne appearing very pleasant by reason of its shady Groves the Portugals in their Sea-Cards call'd Ferula or Farillons but 't is better known to People by the Title Massokoy according to the Name of the Prince whom the King of Cabo Monte or Quoia hath made his Vice-Roy Before this Island lieth a great Shelf denominated Baxos de Sante Anne and round about it several dangerous Rocks ¶ THe Inhabitants are Blacks of the Town Quanamora The kind of Inhabitants a wicked and faithless people under pretence of Trade coming under the Ships will endeavor to sink them The Land hath Nature for a kind Mother The fruitfulness of the Countrey bearing without or at least with very little Tillage abundance of excellent Rice and other Grain besides Hens Banames Injames Potatoes Bakovers Ananasses and such like by reason of which Fertility many people flock thither to inhabit especially near the River The English have by this River in the Village Bago Their Trade many Tents wherein at certain Seasons they reside for their conveniency of dealing for Red-Wood whereof they purchase and acquire very great parcels and for that very purpose have planted several Families in the circumjacent Villages The Inhabitants of Farrillons and Massakoye Their Customs are affable and courteous behaving themselves in a very orderly manner beyond the ordinary Barbarism of the Blacks and wear a Cotton Coat down to the knees by whose example their Neighbors do the like By St. Annes Rocks Pearl-catching Pearles and Scollop-shells are taken but the Sea is so over-run with devouring Fishes that few dare adventure the catching of them Their Religion Their Religion if any is down-right Paganisme yet use they Circumcision like the Jews and Turks of which their Ignorance is not able to give any reason Having thus travell'd through Bolm and Cilm you go to Quilliga lying by Rio de Galinas The Countrey Quilliga or Hen-River thirty or two and thirty miles upward of which appears Carradobo The River of Hens whose Inhabitants are call'd Carradabo Monou as those of the former Quilliga Monou All this spreads East and by South lying very low but full of Trees having the benefits of several Rivers that water their Plains The first lying twelve miles from Rio das Palmas the Inhabitants call Maqualbary and the Portugals Galinas by reason of the great number of Hens thereabouts bred and takes its Original out of the Region of Hondo The people living on the Shore of this River speak a particular Language that seems harsh and unpleasant but when they go to Quoya Their Language or Cabo Monte to traffick they express their meanings significantly in another Tongue that runs smooth and easie either to be learnt or understood All these Countreys have particular
lying in a Lake of the River Plyzoge whither the Dogo-Monou with Fleets following to Attaque him were in a manner totally subdu'd by Flansire's people The Coast from Cape de Mesurado to the Grain-Coast ABout twelve miles Eastward from Cape de Monte lieth Cape de Mesurado Cape de Mesuâ—ado a high Mountain at the North Point A mile and a half The River St. Paul or two mile Eastward of which the shallow River of St. Paul falls into the Sea passable onely with Boats and Sloops The Land about Cape de Monte and this River containing about ten miles and a half is low over-grown with Bushes and Brambles but the Cape a high Mountain and runs with the South Point steep down in the Sea and seems to Sea-men coming from the South an Island because the low Grounds on the other side cannot be seen The Countrey about the Cape de Mesurado is call'd Gebbe Gebbe and the People Gebbe-Monou subjected and conquered as in the manner newly related Nine or ten miles from Cape Mesurado lieth Rio Junk Rio Junk also in Portuguese call'd Rio del Punte having a violent Stream yet at the deepest not above eight Foot Water by which impediment made passable not without great labour and difficulty The Land hereabout over-grown with Bushes and Brambles yet standing higher may be farther seen to the Sea On the South-end of Rio Junk some little Groves appear upon a rising Ground beyond which to the In-land three swelling Hills raise heads to a heighth discernable far off at Sea Eight miles from Rio Junk St. Johns River empties its Streams into the Sea The River St. John being shaded with lofty Trees The Coast reacheth betwixt both South-East Easterly Eastward of this River within the Countrey a high Mountain shews it self in the shape of a Bowe being high in the middle and low at both ends Six miles from it lieth a Village call'd Tabe Kanee and a little forward to the Sea a Cliff where the Land begins to grow low and so continues to Rio Sestos In the mid-way between Tabe Kanee and Sestos stands a small Village call'd Petit Dispo with an adjoining Cliff like the former Three miles from Del Punte you meet with the Brook Petit or Little-water by the Blacks call'd Tabo Dagron perhaps from the Name of the King who has the Command there The Grain-Coast THe Grain-Coast so call'd by the Europeans The Grain-Coast from the abundance of Fruits and Grain there growing the chief of which named by Physicians and Apothecaries Grain of Paradise takes its beginning at the River Sestos and reaches two miles beyond Cape de Palm being a Tract of forty miles though some make it begin at Cape de Monte or Serre-Lions and end as before Divers Geographers make this whole Coast one Kingdom The Kingdom of Melli. and name it Mellegette or Melli from the abundance of Grain of Paradise there growing which the Natives call Mellegette And they not onely give it the Grain-Coast but further include within it the Jurisdiction of Bitonen But Leo Africanus circumscribes it with other Limits Other Borders of the Kingdom of Melli. for in the North he bounds it with Geneva or Genni below Gualata on the South with certain Wildernesses and Mountains in the East Gago and in the West divers great Woods adding further that the chiefest City named Melli lying thirty days Journey from Tombute contains above six thousand Houses and gives Name to the whole But we will not farther dispute this matter but proceed to set before you the Places and Rivers lying upon and within this Coast Six miles from Petit Brook The River Sestos and nine from Rio Junk the River Sestos glides with a smooth strong Current between high Cliffs on either side Westward of which the Countrey appears woody Here the Grain-Coast takes its beginning Three miles up this Water stands the King's Village where commonly the Ships lie at an Anchor to Trade A mile and a half Eastward you come to Little Sestos Little Sestos a Village neighbor'd by a Cliff extending into the Sea and having one Tree upon it as a Land-Mark Five miles forward lieth Cabo Baixos Cabo Baixos that is Dry Head by reason of the Shelf lying before it in the Sea It is a round Hill a mile and a half from the Main Land Eastward of Cabo Baixos you may see a white Rock appearing far off coming by Sea out of the South like a Ship with a Sail. And farther into the Sea many others which threaten great danger to the ignorant Sea-man and the rather because most of them are cover'd with Water Three miles from hence the Village Zanwyn shews it self Zanwyn with a River of the same Name on whose Banks stands a great Wood where are many tall and lofty Trees A mile Easterly lies the Hamlet Bofow and half a mile thence Little Setter distant from which three miles you may view the Village Bottowa seated on the rising of a high Land near the Sea-Coast opposite to Cape Swine and to the Southward a Village of the same Name by a small Rivers side Four miles more Eastward you discover the little Town Sabrebon or Souwerobo then to a place named Krow which directs you presently to a prominent Cape with three black Points From Bottowa the Coast reaches South-East and by East for five miles with low and uniform Land little known to Sea-men onely before Setter and Krow some high and bare Trees raise themselves into the Air like Masts of Ships laid up Passing four or five miles from Krow you come to a Village call'd Wappen Wappen or Wabbo in a Valley with a Stream of fresh Water adjoining and five or six streight Trees on the East-side Before Wappen lieth an Island and by it the greatest Cliff in all this Coast besides many smaller and farther on the right hand another Cliff united on the East with the Land at whose Edge lieth a Pond whereinto the fresh Water falls out of the Woods Hither the Sea-men bring their Casks commonly into the Village which the Blacks fill with Water receiving for their pains Cotton-Seed or Beads The like Pond is by Krow behind the Cliffs whither also the Sea-men commonly go with their Boats to fetch fresh Water which the Blacks bring them in Pots out of the Woods and receive the like reward From Wappen you come next to Drowya thence to Great Setter Great Setter by the French call'd Parys adjoyning to which rises a large Pool of fresh water This Tract runs South-East and by South About three miles from Great Setter you may discover the Township of Gojaven and two miles more forward Garway Goaven Garway Greyway close by Cape de Palm and two miles to the East another Village call'd Greyway or Grouway Here a small River passes but full of Rocks and Sandy Banks yet passable enough with Boats along the Southern Shore
where some few Houses are erected From hence all Ships that arrive there plentifully furnish themselves both with fresh Water and Wood. Next in order comes the high Point Cabo das Palmas or Cape Palm Cape de Palm in four Degrees and fifteen Minutes North Latitude on whose Westerly Corner are three round Hills and a little farther within Land a round Grove of Palm-Trees which may be seen far at Sea from whence this Point took the Name of Cabo das Palmas Near to this in Sandy-Bay arriving Ships finde a convenient Harbour A mile Easterly of which up into the Countrey appears a long Mountain looking like double Land From the first Point of Palm Cape a ledge of Rocks shoot South South-East a mile into the Sea and before them a great Shelf two miles long between them the Tide runs very strong to the East having ten or eleven fathom Water Two miles more Eastward Gruway the Village Gruway stands seated at the end of the Grain-Coast This whole Shore is very full of Rocks for which reason the Ships which Ride there are in no little danger In February March and April here is fair and clear Weather with cooling Breezes and gentle Westerly Winds In the middle of May there begin South and South-East Winds The Air. which bring with them not onely stormy Gusts as Hericanes but also Thunder Lightning and great Rains that continue June July August September October November December and to the latter end of January During part of this time the Sun being in the Zenith or Vertical Point of the Heavens sends down its Beams perpendicular The Land here yields great plenty of Mille Cotton Rice Grain of Paradise or Melegette good Palmeto-Wine besides divers sorts of Grain especially that call'd of Paradise or Melegette The Plant that bears Melegette hath thick Leaves better than three inches long and three broad with a thick rib in the middle out of which shoot many Veins which have a Spicie-taste like those of the Seed The Fruit is but little of size cover'd with a poisonous tough Russet-colour'd or rather Pale-brown Shell and under that a Film fill'd with many smooth and pointed small Seeds white within biting as Pepper and Ginger The unripe Grains are red and pleasant in taste The greatest smoothest and Chess-nut-colour'd are the best and the blackest the worst No kind of Beasts are here wanting by which means there is all necessary Provision to be had for Seamen The Blacks in these Parts are very envious to all Strangers The kind of the Inhabitants and steal from them what ever they can lay their hands on so that it behoves all Dealers to have a circumspect eye over their Goods And in some places they must be careful of themselves for being Cannibals they eat whomsoever they can get into their power 'T FORT TACARAY ofte WITSEN and about half flood a fathom and a half deep but within very dry and narrow that it gives little advantage either to the Natives or Seamen At the West-side of it rises a Rocky and steep Hill full of Brambles and Trees but on the East-side a Sandy Bank by which as it were split it runs in two small Vills one to the North-west into the Countrey and the other North-east but as we said both dry and not Navigable Near St. Andrew's River the Sea-Coast bellies out to the South-east as far as the Red-Land Between the fourth and fifth Cliff some high Trees grow in a Valley whose edge is remarked with two little Vills the one named Tabattera the other Domera Having left behind you the Red Cliffs you come to Cape La-Hou Cape de Labou the utmost limit of this and the beginning of Quaqua-Coast which spreads it self to Assine the whole Land hereabouts low and poor over-grown with Brambles and Trees yet a mile and a half Eastwards lyeth a Village call'd Koutrou Koutrou or Katrou Five miles from this Cape stands the Village Jakke La-Hou in a very barren spot five miles farther Jak in Jakko and six miles beyond that the Bottomless-pit so call'd from its unfathomable deepness for the Seamen having Sounded with their longest Lines and Plummet could never reach the bottom This Hole is in the Sea not above a Musquet-shot from the Shore so that the Ships which come about this Pit must come to an Anchor betimes to prevent danger Three miles from this Pit on the Shore runs a small River Eastward into the Countrey From Cape de La-Hou to the aforesaid Pit the Coast spreads Eastwardly with double Land Sixteen miles Eastward bi La-Hou takes place Corbi Labou before which the Sea runs very deep for a stones cast from the Shore it has forty and fifty Fathom water Eight and twenty or thirty miles from the Cape La-Hou Assine is seated the Village Assine where the Guinny-Gold-Coast begins full of high Woods but the Land low the houses such as they are stand on the Sea-shore so that they may easily be seen in the passing by Two miles from Assine stands a Hamlet call'd Abbener or Albine Albine a little to the West of a four-square Wood. Then follows in order Taboe and two miles farther Cape Apolony Taboe being a rising ground and seeming to Sailers like three great Hills In Jernon a little Village scituate on the side of this Promontory the Netherlanders have a Storehouse All along this whole Coast grow many Palm-Trees nor is it destitute of other Conveniences yielding extraordinary variety both of Fruits and Plants The Inhabitants as we mention'd before are call'd Quaqua's because when they see any Trading-Ships approach they declare their welcome by crying aloud Quaqua These People by their Aspect seem the unseemliest of all the upper Coast but are indeed the modestest and honestest and most courteous for they esteem it a great shame either at meeting to Salute or at parting to take leave with a Kiss When they come to the Ships to Trade they put their Hands in the Water and let some drop into their Eyes by which they testifie as by an Oath their uprightness and hatred to all Cheatings or Knavish actions Drunkenness they not onely abstain from They shun Drunkenness but abominate for the avoiding which they will drink no Palmito-Wine but a smaller sort call'd De Bordon or Tombe and that also mixt with Water alledging that from Drunkenness proceed many Quarrels the two frequent occasions of Murders and other inconveniencies which are all prevented by Sobriety and Temperance The chief Merchandise to be had here Merchandise are Elephants-Teeth of a larger size than usually elsewhere but withall dearer Some Cloathes also sold here which the Europeans and other Traders from the Name of the Coast call Quaqua-Cloathes being of two sorts the one bound with five Bands or Strings the other with six from the number of the bindings giving denominations to the Places they are sold in Cape Lahou yields many of
related the Gold-Coast is reckon'd to end Thus much we have thought fit to speak of the Maritime parts of the Gold-Coast want of knowledge not affording farther Discoveries We now go to the In-land Countreys beginning with Igwira lying on the West of the Gold-Coast THE KINGDOM OF IGWIRA THe Kingdom of Igwira borders on the South The Kingdom of Igwira on Atzin and Small Inkassia on the North upon Great Inkassia and on the East on that of Mompa It is reported to yield great quantities of Gold for the Blacks say It is full of Gold that the Gold which comes from Assine and Albine fifteen miles Westward of Cape de tres Puntas is all Igwira's Gold At Little Commendo liv'd for some years two Citizens which had with a small stock of Merchandise so manag'd their affaris that they return'd back very Rich but the Ways are somewhat dangerous by reason of Thieves In this place the Portugals had a Fortification wherein they Traded and brought their Merchandise in Canoos up the River which flows through Igwira but after the Netherlanders began to frequent it the Portuguese soon deserted the place THE KINGDOM OF GREAT-INKASSIA OR INKASSAN GReat-Inkassia or Inkassan hath on the South Igwira in the East Great Inkassia Wassa and Wanquy These People are little esteem'd for Trade There is little Trade but they come sometimes and take their way throw the Kingdom of Adom and bring some small quantity of Gold especially if there be no Shipping before Assine and Albine The DOMINION of INKASSAN-IGGYMA THis Territory hath on the South great Inkassan Inkassan-Iggyma and on the East Wassa and Wanqui Little Commerce have the Whites in matter of Trade with these People The LORDSHIP of TABEU TAbeu a small Tract Tabeu borders on the South at the Kingdom of Anten lying at the Sea on the West and North on that of Adom and on the East on Guaffa where a small River makes a Boundary to both Men Women and Children drive altogether a Trade with Hens Mille and other Wares to Sama where the Hollanders have a Fort formerly all this used to be brought up by the Portuguese and sent to the Myne THE KINGDOM OF ADOM ADom lies Eastward of Tabeu and Guaffo Adom to the North of Wassa on the East North-East of Abramboe The Inhabitants come sometimes and bring Gold on the Shore by Small-Commendo to the Merchants there Dealing but this onely if the ways of Ante be not obstructed by Wars Mompa MOmpa hath on the West Igwira Mompa on the North Great-Inkassia Wassa and Adom and on the East Anten towards the Shore VVassa THe Countrey of Wassa hath for Borders on the North Wanque Wassa in the East Abramboe and Kuiforo on the West Great-Inkassia on the North-West Inkassia-Iggoma Full of Gold It hath the repute to yield great quantity of Gold insomuch that the Inhabitants are always at Work upon it neither caring to Till or Ear their Land that single Commodity bringing from their Neighbours store of Provision Most of these People come with those of Adom to Traffick there for Gold at the Sea-shore with the Whites for European Wares VVanquy WAnquy hath on the West Kassa Iggyma on the South Wassa Wanquy and on the North Bonoe It hath Gold and good Cloth which the Inhabitants who drive a Trade with the Akanists in the Countrey know how to make very Artificially Abramboe THis Territory borders on the West at Adom and Wassa Abrambe in the South at the Kingdom of Guaffa or Commendo lying at the Sea in the North at Kuyforo in the North-East at Akamy in the East at Atti and in the South-East on Fetu It is a very populous Countrey Trade and most of the Inhabitants maintain themselves by Husbandry yet many come also every Week to Moure to the Whites to barter Gold for Cloth and Linnen but especially Iron They are a Warlike People and no great friends of the Akanists because long since in the Wars with them many of them were Slain and most of their Towns Burnt yet they were afterwards united again in a new League of Friendship Kuyforo IT hath for Borders on the West Wassa on the South Abramboe Kuyfora on the North Bonoe and in the East Akany The Land wholly without Wood and the People mean and simple with whom Forreigners have little Commerce Bonoe BOnoe lies encompass'd on the West with Wanquy Bonoe on the South with Kuyforo on the East with Akany and Inta A Place little known and of small Trading Atty THe Territory of Atty is circumscribed in the West by Abramboe Atty on the South by Fetu Sabou and Fantyn and in the North by Dahoe The Inhabitants maintain themselves most by Tillage but us'd before the Wars with those of Sabou to trade with Forreign Merchants which the Akanists have taken from thence Here is held a great Market or Fair extraordinarily crowded with a full concourse of People from far distant places who come thither to Purchase Iron and other Wares bought of the Whites Akanien THis Kingdom Akanien whose Inhabitants are known to Traders by the name of Akanists hath for Boundaries in the West Kuyforo and Bonoe in the South Dahoe Atty and Abramboe on the North Inta and in the East Akim or Great-Akamy The Akanists are a plain-dealing people The Custom and Nature of the Inhabitants just and honest in point of Trade and to defend their Priviledges stout in the Wars knowing well how to use both Shields Azagians and Swords Their Language holds great affinity with that of Fetu Language Atty Sabou Commendo Abramboe and Attyn but more pleasant and consequently more acceptable Such as Trade on the Sea-shore besides their own usually speak Portugals They are Rich in Gold They are rich and great Traders and Slaves and so great Traders that two Thirds of the Gold which the Whites fetch yearly from the Gold-Coast comes from their hands For they come to the Sea-shore to Little-Commendo Kormantyn and Moure where many of them dwell with their Wives and Children They shew great Industry and Diligence Travelling with the Goods they Buy from the Whites carry'd by their Slaves to divers Markets up in the Countrey and passing through the countreys of Atty Sabou and other Neighbouring Regions without hindrance enjoying every where much Freedom and for their Merchandise are courteously entertain'd by the People Inta and Ahim. INta hath in the South Akany in the West and North Unknown Land Inta in the East Ahim and Akam Little can be said of this Place as to matter of Trade Ahim otherwise call'd Great-Akany hath on the West for Limits Akany on the South Aqua and Sonqua on the North Inta Akam Kuahoe and in the East Aqumboe The Inhabitants are naturally Stately and Proud Their Nature which proceeds from their Wealth consisting chiefly in Slaves These come very seldom to
Things that to lighter Judgments may seem fabulous yet credited by Antiquity and as we may suppose not without reason Pliny for they making Pluto the God of Riches 't is no marvel if he defend his Possession thus violently and without his leave invaded and ransacked But whether those related Fancies of the Blacks be true or not signifies little however this we may be infallibly assur'd of that this Gold is gotten with great labor and trouble for if any can find two or three * An English is one Peny-weight in Gold that is four Shillings in Money Englishes in Gold in a whole Day he hath labor'd very hard and hath gotten a good days Wages for his pains The Air to all but its Natives proves very unwholsom The Air unhealthy in the Gold-Coast to Strangers as experience teacheth for all Strangers which lie on Shore whether in Forts or Store-houses are afflicted with grievous and mortal Sicknesses whereas on the contrary the Indigenae look fresh live healthy and attain to a great Age. Some of the most Ingenious Blacks attribute the cause thereof to the multiplicity of Lightning and Thunder whose frequency diffuseth the Infection as the two sorts of Winds from Sea and Land dissipate unhealthy Fogs and Vapors Foreigners which come to Guinee Worms especially this Gold-Coast are very much tormented with Worms breeding in their Bodies so also are the Blacks about Myna whereas those that live four and twenty miles lower Easterly are always free from that trouble These Worms call'd Ikkon do not affect every one equally that hath been there but some sooner others later some get them while they are yet upon the Coast others in their Voyages a third after the ending of their Voyage nay four five six yea twelve Moneths after their coming home and others have been two or three times there and never had any touch of them From whence they have their original and breed Their Original hath been much disputed some lay the cause upon their excessive use of Venus some upon their eating of Fish which have Worms in their Bodies or upon much Swimming and running into the cold Water others that they proceed from the over-much Drinking of Palmito-Wine eating of Kankaiens that is their Bread made of Mille but all these seem meer Fancies without a shew of reason for divers in all those particulars most temperate have nevertheless this Distemper whereas on the contrary others the most loose and debauched have never had any of them But those speak with most probability who say that these Vermine proceed either from a peculiar Malignity in the Air or from drinking of the Water which the Negro's draw out of Wells in some places and sell to the Whites for most true it is that several have drank much Water and yet not been afflicted with Worms but then they resided at Akara and other adjacent places but those which lie before Moure and drink of that Water shall be tormented with that Elminthick Evil. These Worms breed in several manners By what accident they come in some they bring Fevers or shaking Agues in others fainting Fits with great pain in some they cause Frensie some can neither go nor stand or lie or sit while others scarce feel a Distemper They shew themselves with a little Pimple or red Spot hard in the Flesh wherein sometimes may be seen the Worms between that and the Skin at last they cause Ulcers upon the Ball of the Foot on the Arms Knees Thighes or Hips and indeed in all fleshy places continuing with some near three Moneths whereas others have scarce any pain three Weeks yet perhaps have ten Worms hanging out of the Flesh and Skin at once The Worms are of several lengths and bigness Their Form some a Yard others a Yard and a half long and some shorter but generally as thick or big as the Bass-String of a Theorboe The Cure cannot be perfected till the Worm breaks through the Skin The Curing and thrusts out his Head then they tie it that it may not creep in again and at length draw it quite out which they do by winding the end hanging out about a Spoon if in the extracting it happens to break there commonly ensueth a renewing of the Wound The Blacks never use any means but onely wash the affected part with salt Water But the best Cure is to cleanse the Body of putrifi'd humors and to anoint the place with fresh Butter In the performing which Cure the Place where the Worm appears must be defended against Cold to prevent swelling and exulceration The Negro's The Venerial Pox. among other Sicknesses are very subject to the Venerial Pox which they cure by drinking Sarsaparilla Wounds by them call'd Mapira growing from Blows they cleanse little without using any Medicine because they have none nor any Chirurgions to apply them Swellings which will not ripen or come to Suppuration Swellings they cut with three or four long slashes then let it heal of it self whence it comes that they have so many Cuts and Scars in their Bodies They use no artificial Pbloebotomy How they let Bloud but onely cut the Flesh till the Blood comes out All the help they give the Sick is to Shave them if Parents or Children otherwise they will not offer them one drop of Water or Oyl but let them perish with hunger and perplexity The Sick are call'd Myarri and mortal Diseases Jarbakkasi and a dead Body Ou. The Men are of a middle Stature free and airy of disposition well made The Constitution of the Inhabitants strong Limm'd and swift of Foot with round Faces midling Lips but flat or Camosi'd Noses with them a beauty little Ears white Eyes with great Eye-brows and great Teeth that shine and are as white as Ivory caused by rubbing them with hard Wood wherewith they keep them always very neat and clean Their Visages seem to shine with Sweat or else foul'd with Dirt Scurf and Nastiness continuing Beardless till thirty years old their Shoulders broad Arms brawny with great Hands and long Fingers whereupon they let their Nails grow like Claws sometimes to the length of a Joynt and as a great ornament is especially used among the Nobility Lastly they have little Bellies broad Feet long Toes and furnish'd as most of the Blacks upon the Guinee Coast with large Propagators They have quick and ready Wits to help in any sudden emergency Their Kind and shew themselves withall very considerate whereunto they adde great craft and subtlety Covetousness they learn from their Cradles which makes them always craving and with such petulancy as not to receive a denial Courteous enough in outward appearance to Strangers but envious and given to revenge amongst one another and where they can play the Masters fear not to manifest their Ambition Treachery domineering and supercilious Tyranny The People neighboring the Shore both Men and Women Expert in Swimming
Cazado dangerous to Sailers being sometimes cover'd with Water The Air bears a good temper and the Earth though sandy towards the Sea yet affords all things necessary for the use of Man The Mountains rich not onely in Crystal but other Minerals Northerly it becomes more full of Trees to the heighth of two and twenty Degrees South Latitude from whence there drives into the Sea a hundred and fifty Miles from the Shore certain green Weeds call'd Saigossa and seems as a Mark to Sea-men whereby they know how near they are to the Main Land of Africa At a great distance also are seen many Mews or Sea-Pies with black Feathers at the end of their Wings which assure the Mariners by their appearance two or three together that they are infallibly near the African Continent The Government of this Jurisdiction rests in the hands of a King Government who as an absolute Monarch Commands all at his pleasure yet some Lords whose Commands lie by the Sea-shore pride themselves with the empty Title of Kings while they neither possess Wealth or Countreys whose Products are sufficient to make them known to Foreigners of the least esteem Kaffrarie or the Countrey of Kaffers otherwise call'd Hottentots KAffrarie The Countrey of the Kaffers or according to Marmol Quefrerie took Denomination from the Kaffers the Natives thereof which others name Hottentots by reason of their lameness and corruption of Speech without either Law or Religion Maginus spreads this Countrey along the Sea-Coast from the West-side of Cabo Negro lying in sixteen Degrees and fourteen Minutes to Cape of Good Hope or Cabo de bona Esperansa and from thence up Northward to the River Magnice otherwise call'd St. Esprit but with what ground of reason we must leave to de determin'd Sanutus begins Kaffrarie at the Mountains of the Moon near the Tropick of Capricorn in three and twenty Degrees and a half South Latitude so along the Western Coast to the Cape of Good Hope This beginning of Kaffrarie according to most Authors Davitii Lahasse Ethiopie p. 475. from that remarkable Boundary the Tropick of Capricorn hath been indisputably setled but they spread the end of it as we said to the Cape of Good Hope and Zanguebar Between which Northward along the Sea-Coast are none or very few distinct Kingdoms and therefore this being the outermost Southern Borders may not inconveniently be extended to Zanguebar so that the whole Tract lying Southward of Zanguebar and the Kingdom of Monomotapa are to be understood in the general Name of Kaffrarie So then according to this last limiting it hath on the East and South the Indian and in the West the Ethiopick-Sea which meet together to the Southward of the Cape of Good Hope and on the North at Mataman and Monopotapa This Countrey so Bounded lieth encompassed in the North with those high cold bushy and sharp Mountains of the Moon always cover'd with Snow nevertheless it hath about the Cape in some places several large and pleasant Valleys into which flow divers Rivulets from the Hills It is not divided into any particular or known Kingdoms yet inhabited by several People some Govern'd by Kings others by Generals and some are without any Government at all We will give you a glimpse of them in their Customs and Natures as far as any Discovery hath hitherto given us any information and that from the hands of such as for some time lived on the Spot The chiefest People hitherto discover'd in this Southerly part of Africa are the Gorachouqua's Goringhaiqua's Goringhaikona's Kochoqua's Great and Little Kariguriqua's Hosaa's Chaniouqua's Kobona's Sonqu's Namaqua's Heusaqua's Brigoudins and Hankumqua's the eight first neighbor the Cape and the farthest not above threescore miles from it The three first viz. Gorachouqua's and Goringhaiqua's have their Dwellings within four or five hours Journey of the Great Cape but the Gorinhaikona's or Water-men are within a quarter of an hours walk from thence GORINGHAICONAS THe Goringhaicona's or Water-men have a Governor call'd Demtaa who was once taken Prisoner by the Hollanders but was afterwards by carrying himself with Civility released and setled in his old Dominion Their best Seat contains scarce five Houses and not above fifty People with Women and Children living in a condition of Poverty below all the rest of the Hottentots GORACHOUQUAS THe Gorachouqua's are about three or four hundred fighting Men besides Women and Children and maintain themselves by Pasturage and Profit of good Cattel as Sheep and Cows Their Governor call'd Chora hath a Brother call'd Jakin both going in tallow'd Skins but they have great store of Cattel GORINHAIQUAS THe Goringhaiqua's or Cape-mans by reason that they always lived nearest to it are more than equal in People to those last mention'd for they can between both raise about a thousand fighting Men yet all their Towns and Villages make up but ninety five poor Huts cover'd with Mats These People obey a Governor whom they call Gogosoa who was in the Year Sixteen hundred sixty two according to the averment of such as had been there a hundred years of age and had two Sons the eldest nam'd Osinghiakanna and the other Otegnoa both which alway sought to over-Rule their Father but chiefly the eldest by inventing all means to make him away In the Year Sixteen hundred fifty nine The original of the War between the Gorinbaiqua's and the Notherlanders there grew between these People and the Hollanders a Dissention for the possession of the Countrey about the Cape where the Natives endeavor'd to turn them out alledging they had possessed it beyond all remembrance and with such malice did they manage it that they slew many of the Dutch when they saw opportunity at the same time robbing them also of Cattel which they drove away so swift that they could not be shot always chusing to Fight in stormy and rainy Weather as well knowing that then they could do but little Execution with their Arms. These upon information received by advice of one of their own People by them call'd Nomoa and by the Netherlanders Doman who went from thence to Battavie in one of the Companies Ships and stay'd there five or six years observing their actions with such inquisitive diligence that he remembred no small part thereof Doman being come again to the Cape in those Ships which were order'd for Holland kept a great while amongst them in Dutch Habit but at last betook himself to his old Companions informing and instructing them in all the actions and intentions of the Netherlanders as also the manner and use of their Arms. He together with another stout Soldier by the Hottentots call'd Garabinga were always their Captains and with great skill and conduct led on and brought off their followers always with success After the War had continued three Moneths A Skirmish between five Hottentots and five Netherlanders in August Sixteen hundred fifty and nine on a Morning went out five Hottentots one of
call Voulou of which cutting off a Piece the length of ones Hand they shape a Pen as we do fit and convenient to write with The Natives of Madagascar number or reckon like the Europeans Atithmetick from one to Ten and to Ten they add One Two and so the following Numbers to Twenty in this manner Issa or Irache is One Roe Two Telon Three Effats Four Luui Five Enem Six Fiton Seven Valou Eight Siui Nine Foulo Ten Irach-foulo-ambi or Iraiche amainifoulo Eleven Roe foulo pambi Twelve Roepoulo Twenty Telou ambi Thirty Effats poulo Forty Zatou An hundred Armou A thousand Alen An hundred thousand Indeed the Blacks of the Mountains or on that side of the Countrey of Machicore where nothing is Planted nor Sow'n know not how to keep any Account Their Measures are several viz. Rice-measure Measure with them call'd Troubahouache which is said to be the Kings Bushel Moucha or Monca a Measure of six Pints of cleansed Rice Voule Half a Pint Zatow is an hundred Voules and therewith they mete unbeaten Rice The Measure for Clothing Cords and other things to be estimated by Length they name Refe and contains a Fathom but Ells Feet or Inches they have no knowledge of They set forth Lands not by Rods Perches and Acres but by the quantity of Rice that may be Sow'n upon it The Trade of these Islanders one among another consists in exchanging Wares for Wares for Money Merchandise or Coyn of Gold and Silver they have none and if they get any of Foreign People they melt it and make thereof Bracelets and Armlets But especially they use Glass Beads and other Commodities which the French bring to them in stead of Money to buy Oxen Cotton Silk Clothes Iron Assagays or Lances Bills Knives and other Necessaries Those that have need of Cotton bring to the Places where it is to be had Rice or Beasts and they that have need of Beasts or of Rice come with Cotton to the Places where Rice and Beasts are plenty to barter one for the other They exchange also Gold and Silver for Copper and Iron But this onely among themselves for with Foreigners they neither do nor care to deal So that hitherto in that Countrey there hath little Merchandise of consequence been discover'd although there grows indubitably Sapphyres Rubies Smaragdines Cornelians and other Precious Stones as appears by the Trials which the French have made of them and sent into Europe The most desired Merchandises and by the Islanders best liked are red Beads of all Sorts Sizes and Colours pierc'd with Holes that they may be strung into Bracelets large and yellow Brass Wyre and several other small Wares as yellow little Brass Chains Scissors Knives Bills Hatchets Hammers Nails Padlocks and several other Trinkets which with great Profit are exchanged and traded for against their Island Commodities Flaccourt in his Deseription of Madagascar judgeth this Island to be of great concernment for the advanâ—ing and settling of Trade on the Coast of Ethiopia the Red-Sea the Persian Gulph and other Places of the East-Indies and might bring great Advantage and Profit by Wood for building of Ships that might be carried from thence to all the aforesaid Places to exchange for other Commodities He adds moreover That this Island may serve for a Ladder or Step as may be said whereby to climb to the Trade and Voyages of the East-Indies All their Wealth consists in the foresaid Goods Richeâ— as also in Axes Knives Bills sharp Iron and Steel Spades Clothes Oxen Fields to plant Rice and Ignames in and abundance of Slaves The Zafferamini possess the most Gold which they keep as much hidden as they can from the French No Eminent Person upon the whole Island is without some Gold of his Ancestors which no way assimilates our European Gold but is much paler and almost as soon melted as Lead they dig it out of the Ground in several Places They have some Gold in Manghabei but it lieth buried in their Church-yards and they dare not bring it to light from thence alledging They are unworthy of it Most esteem the reddest Silver higher than the finest but the People of Anossi can well tell how to distinguish it yet their Goldsmiths would not know how to work European Gold because they say it is too difficult to melt That of ours they call Voulamena Voutroua but their own Ahetslaua and Litcharongha or Voulamena Madecasse In Military Affairs these People know nothing The manner of their Wars but in such Cases by sudden Attempts coming upon their Enemies unawares and by surprise assembling privately and marching by secret and unfrequented ways in the Woods When they come to the Enemies Quarters they make their Assault with a hideous and horrible Cry and being enter'd kill all that come next to hand not sparing Infants at their Mothers Breasts exercising this Cruelty with purpose to extirpate the whole Generation of their Enemies for fear that the Successors sooner or later if they left them alive might take Revenge They often send Spies into their Enemies Quarters to know his Condition and where the chiefest Town is and most Cattel and therefore at such time they all drive them into the Mountain to which access is difficult They send out sometimes Parties twenty thirty or forty of a Company to plunder small Villages and lay the subdu'd Towns in Ashes These Parties they style Tafichemanthy that is A secret Army These come usually provided with Auli and Moussanes that is with Sorcery and written Arabick Letters with firm belief That these Letters will do their Enemies much annoyance viz. take away their courage cause them to die by Sickness and at least be the chiefest cause of their destruction whereas to them on the other side it gives Courage and brings all Success Their Arms are various Arms. according to the several Countreys In the Territory of Androbeizaha they use a great Assagay arm'd at the end with a broad and long sharp Iron Head and carry besides ten or fifteen Fiteracks or small Casting-Darts as also a great Javelin call'd Renelefo that is The Mother of Assagays In Manghafia they use a round Shield and great Canbahi or Javelin So do they also in Ampatre Mahafalle Machicore and Andribeizaha but the Countreys of Anachimoussi Eringdranea and Vohits-anghombe afford the best-arm'd and most undaunted Soldiers On that side of the River Mananghourou three Miles below Galemboulou are a Generation of about four or five hundred strong very undaunted which fight with Bowes Arrows and Darts Those of Manghafia up Northwards to the end of the Island fight Foot to Foot onely with an Assagay under shelter of a round Shield Those of Manamboulle the most Warlike and undaunted of all fight both at a distance and at hand In Battel they keep no Order Ranks or File but Fight in Crowds every one resolving to do some Execution When any fall down wounded they set up their