the River Bindamyr that springs out of the Tapirian Mountains It 's each way about three miles in length the compasse nine miles It s pleasantly seated in the North West end of a spacious plain twenty miles long and six broad environed with stupendious Hills under one of which the City is placed It s defended by Nature inriched by Trade by Art made lovely The Vine-yards Gardens Cypresses Sudatories and Temples ravish the eye and smell in every part sweet and delightful The houses are of Sun-burnt Bricks hard and durable flat and tarrassed about the Belconies and windows are curiously and largely trellized the floores spred with rich Carpets None are without their Gardens or Forrests rather of high Chenaers and Cypresses In it are fifteen brave Mosques pargetted with Azure-stones resembling Turquoises without lined within with pure black polished Marble the tops beautified with many double-guilt-spires which reflect the Sun beams with a rich and delightful splendor two excel all the rest One of them is fifty foot high in the body leaded covered with gold and blew the walls varnished and wrought with knots and poesies Above aspiring with two colums of wood round cut and garnished with great bravery very nigh as high as Pauls in London The other is Quadrangular the superficies of Arabick invention imbost with gold paved with Porphiry painted with Azure garnished with Mazes and at their festivals made resplenâ—ent with one thousand Lamps and Torches Idem When our English Embassador passed through this City hee was entertained in the Dukes Palace where all the great men of the Court and City were present and many young Ganimedes arrayed in cloath of gold went up and down with flagons of pure gold to fill out VVine to such as nodded for it they were served with a curious banquet at the end whereof came in the Duke Hee was ushered in by thirty gallant young Gentlemen vested in crimson Satten Their Tulipants were of Silk and Silver wreathed about with chains of Gold of Pearl of Rubies Turquoises and Emeralds they were all girded with rich swords and imbroidered scabbards they had Hawks on their fists each hood worth one hundred pound To these succeeded their Lord the Arch Duke of Shyraz his Coat was of blew Satten richly imbroidered with silver upon which hee wore a Robe of a great length so glorious to the eye so thick powdered with Oriental Gems as made the ground of it invisible the price invaluable His Turbant was of pure fine silk and gold bestudded with Pearl and Carbuncles his Scabbard was beset all over with Rubies Pearls and Emeralds His Sandals resâ—mbled the bespangling Firmament c. Idem The ancient Persepolis described Persepolis was a City so glorious that Quintus Curtius and Diodorus Siculus intitle it the richest and most lovely City under the Sun It was a very large City and the Metropolis of all Persia two of the gates standing twelve miles asunder which shews what the circuit of it was when in her beauty and bravery On the South side was a stately and magnificent Pallace built by King Cyrus On the North side stood a mighty strong Castle which was girt about with three walls The first wall was four and twenty foot high adorned and beautified with many turrets and spires The second was like the first but twice as high And the third was foursquare being ninety foot high all built of polished Marble On each side of the City were twelve brasen gates with brasen Pales set before them very curiously wrought On the East arose amiably an Hill of four Acres in which in stately Mausoleum's were entombed the Monarchs of the VVorld Many rare and admirable buildings it had amongst which the glorious Temple of Diana was the most exquisite for Art and materials in the VVorld The stones were of the richest Marble and Porphery the roof of refined gold The Pallace Royal was cut out of the Marble Rock above two miles in compasse the roof and windows were of Gold Silver Amber and Ivory The Seate within was of Gold and Oriental glittering Gems In one room was an artificial Vine the stalk of pure Gold the clusters of Grapes of Pearls and Carbuncles His bolster was valued at five thousand Talents of Gold the footstool worth three thousand Talents so that when the greedy Greeks had pillaged three dayes yet Alexander had for his share seventy two millions of Crowns of Gold besides hee loaded away three thousand Mules with two and thirty millions and seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds in Coin The ruines of this stately City are seen at this day with astonishment Herb. Trav. p. 144. The City of Spahawn described Spahawn The Metropolis of the Persian Monarchy is seated in the Parthian territory as the navel to that spacious body It 's nine English miles in compasse containing seventy thousand houses and of souls about two hundred thousand composed besides natives of English Dutch Portuguize Poles Moscovites Indians Arabians Armenians Georgians Turks Jews c. drawn thither by the magnetick power of gain and novelty The principal things observeable in it are The Bridge well built of stone supported by five and thirty Arches through which the Syndery from the Acroceraunian Mountains gently floweth The Midan or great Market-place which is the most spacious pleasant and Aromatick Market in the VVorld a thousand paces from North to South the other way above two hundred resembling our Exchange the building is of Brick well made and framed in a most delightful manner the inside is full of shops each shop full of ware arched above a top framed Tarrase-wise and cemented with excellent plaister it s placed in the heart of this triumphant City The Kings Pallace joyns to the West side of it possessing a large quantity of ground backward though to the street side it hath no magnifick front her best bravery being in the trim pargetting and painting with Azure and Gold in Mosaick and Antick sort interlaced with Poesies of Arabick But within the rooms are arched enlightened with curious trellizes the roof embossed with red white blew and gold the sides with sports and painted Images the ground spread with rich and curious Carpets of Silk and Gold Tarrased above garnished with a very high Tower excellent for view and breathing The Wildernesse behinde is filled with all sorts of birds priviledged from hurt or affrights who return their thanks in a sweet melodious consort The North Isle of the Midan contains eight or nine arched rooms hung with Lamps and Candlesticks which being lighted gives a curious splendor Opposite to this Pallace is a fair Mosque in form round and within distinguished into Isles the walls are lined fifteen foot high from the ground with white and well polisht Marble without pews or seats In the midst is a stately Tank or Pond and at the Portal another eightsquare filled with Christal streams of water wherein all Musslemen wash their hands armes eyes c. as an operative work
to purge sin and confer devotion In the Midan the shops bee uniform the Trades are no where severed all the Mercers together the Lapidaries together c. but most of them are of gums drugs and spices so sweet and delicate as can bee imagined The Hummums or Sudatories are many and very beautiful some square but most round made of white stone polished and durable the windows are large without and narrower within the glasse is thick and dark the top round tyled with a counterfeit Turquoise perfectly blew fresh and lasting they are divided into many rooms some for delight and others for sweating the paving all pure black Marble Men use them in the morning women towards night T is their Catholicon against all diseases colds catarrhes flegme aches c. The City is Oval each house made pleasant by large Cypresse Gardens The Seraglio for his women is full of precious treasures and more precious beauties but not to bee seen The Castle is very large well walled and deeply moated The City hath so many pleasant Gardens that at a distance you would take it for a Forrest so sweet you would call it a Paradise I shall only describe one of them excelling all others Going from the Midan you passe through an even delicate street two miles long most part of the way walled on both sides bedecked with Summer-houses but more remarkable in that abundance of green broad spreading Chenore Trees yeelding shade and incomparable order and beauty The Garden is circled with a stately wall three miles in compasse entred by three gallant and curious gates From North to South it is one thousand paces from East to West seven hundred from one end to the other easily seen by reason of a fair large Alley running all along in parallel distinguished into nine ascents each surmounting other a foot each distance smooth and even In the Center is a spacious Tank made into twelve equal sides each side being five foot set round with pipes of lead which spout out water in variety of conceits and postures which sort of pastime continues thence to the North gate where is raised a house of pleasure antickly garnished without within divided into four or six Chambers the lower is set out with Tanks of rich white Marble and fumes out a cool Breese the higher rooms are garnished with variety of Landskips representing their sports of hunting hawking fishing riding shooting wrestling and other fancies the seeling is inriched with beaten gold imbost with Azure From her Tarrasses is a dainty prospect of most part of the City This Garden is replenished with trees of all sorts for fruit shade and medicine All so green so sweet so pleasant as may well bee tearmed a Compendium of Sense-ravishing delights Within the City is a Column or Pillar at the base twenty foot round and sixty foot high made of the heads of men and beasts the occasion of this was Anno Christi 1500. when Tamas Shaw ruled Persia being much troubled with Turks and Tartars these Citizens refused not only to contribute to his Wars but denyed him enterance whereupon hee vowed revenge entred the City by force and without regarding age or sex slew three hundred thousand of them and of their heads made this Pillar as a Trophee of his victory and their basenesse En quo discordia Cives perduxit miseros When our English Embassador came to the Emperor of Persia he found him at Asharaff in Hircania two miles from the Caspian Sea when hee came to the Court with his retinue they allighted and were ushered into a little Court du Guard that stood in the center of a spacious Court the ground spread with Persian Carpets about a pretty white Marble Tank where they were feasted with Pelo and Wine the flagons cups dishes plates and covers being of pure beaten gold Thence they were led through a spacious and fragrant Garden curious to the eye and delicate to the smell to another Summer-house rich in gold imbossements and paintings but far more excellent for the admirable prospect for from thence they viewed the Caspian Sea on one side and the Mountain Taurus on the other The ground Chambers were large four-square archt and richly guilded above and on the sides below bespread with curious Carpets of Silk and Gold In the Center were Tanks of Christalline water an Element of no mean account in those Torrid habitations Round about the Tanks were placed Goblets Flagons Cisterns and Standards of pure Massy-gold some of them were filled with perfumes others with Rose-water with wine some and others with choisest Flowers From thence they were led into another large square upper Room where the roof was formed into an Artificial Element many golden Planets attracting the wandring eye to help their Motion The ground was covered with far richer Carpets than the other the Tank was larger the matter Jasper and Porphiry the silver purling-stream was forced up into another Region yet seemed here to bubble wantonly as in her proper Center about it was so much gold in vessels for use and oftentation that some Merchants with them judged it worth twenty millions of pounds sterling Another Tank there was incircled with a wall of Gold and richest Gems No other Flagons Cups nor other vessels were there but what were thick and covered over with Diamonds Rubies Pearls Emeralds Turquises Jacinths c. The seeling of this Chamber was garnished with Poetick fancies in gold and choicest colours The ground in this room was covered with such Carpets as befitted the Monarch of Persia Above sixty of the greatest Nobles sat round about it cross-legged with their bums to the ground and their backs to the wall like so many statues their eyes fixed on a constant object not daring to speak sneese Cough spit c. in the Emperors presence The Ganimed Boys in vests of Gold and richly bespangled Turbanes c. with Flagons of most glorious mettal profering wine to such as would tast it The Emperor Abbas himself sat at the upper end so much higher than the rest as two or three silken shags could elevate him his apparrel was plain c. The City of Casbine Described Casbine is at this day for multitude of Buildings and inhabitants the chiefest City in Media and next to Spahawn the greatest City in the Persian Monarchy It s compassed with a wall seven miles in compasse seated in a fair even plain having no hill of note within thirty miles compasse the Champain yeilds grain and grapes but no wood It hath a small stream to water it which gives drink to the thirsty and makes fruitfull the gardens whereby they yeild abundance of fruits and roots in variety as Grapes Orenges Limes Lemons Pomecitrons Musk melons and Water-melons Apples Pistachoes Filberts Almonds Walnuts Plums Cherries Peaches Apricocks Figs Pears Goosberries Dates and excellent Pomgranats c. The Families in it are twenty thousand and the Inhabitants about two hundred thousand The Buzzars or market places
hot Thus hath the wise disposer of all things tempered bitter things with sweet to teach us that there is no true and perfect content in any Kingdome but that of heaven They have store of good Horses and Camels Dromedaries Mules Asses Rhynocerots which are as long as the fairest Oxe in England their skines lye plaited in wrinkles on their backs They have many Elephants their King having usually fourteen thousand and many of the Nobles a hunded a peece There are some of them fifteen foot high all of them black their skin thick and smooth without hair they take much delight in the water and will swim excellent well they are exceeding docible so that they will do almost any thing the keeper bids them If he would have them affright a man he will make towards him as if hee would tread him in peeces and yet when hee comes to him not touch him If hee bid him abuse a man hee will take dirt or kennel water in his trunk and dash it in his face c. They are most sure of foot never stumbling they are governed with a hook of steel with which their keeper sitting on their Necks pull them back or prick them forward at their pleasure Every Male hath allowed to him four females The Inhabitants of Indostan Described The Inhabitants before they were conquered by Tamerlane were all Gentiles but now they are mixed with Mahometans they are of stature like us very streight seldome or never is there a crooked person amongst them They are of an Olive colour have black hair but not curled they love not any that are white saying that they are like Lepers their chins are bare but have long hair on their upper lips shave their heads only reserve a lock on the Crown for Mahomet to pull them to heaven by The habits of men and women differ little mostly made of white Cotton cloth made close to the middle then hanging loose down below the knee under them they have long breeches reaching to the ancle and close to their bodies their feet are bare in their shooes which they commonly wear like Slippers which they put off when they come into their houses whose floores are covered with excellent Carpets upon which they sit when they talk or eat like Taylors on their shop boards on the mens heads are shashes which is a long thin wreath of cloath white or coloured The Mahometan women cover their heads with vails their hair hangs down behind twisted with silk oft bedecked with jewels about their necks and wrists their ears have pendants their nostrils pierced to put in rings at their pleasure Their ease in child bearing is admirable for it is a common thing there for women great with child one day to ride carrying their Infants in their bodies and the next day to ride carrying them in their arms The great Mogol every year at the entring of the Sun into Aries makes a feast to his Nobles which lasts nine days at which time they present him with gifts and he again repays them with Princely rewards I was astonished saith mine Author who was an eye witnesse of it when I beheld at that time the incredible riches of gold pearls Pretious stones jewels and many other glittering vanities which were amongst them The walls in the Kings house are painted or beautified with pure white Lime the floores are covered with rich and costly Carpets there lodge none with him in his house but his Eunuches and women and some little boys that hee keeps for detestable uses hee always eats in private amongst his women upon great variety of excellent dishes which being prepared and proved by the Taster are served up in vessels of Gold covered and sealed up and so by the Eunuches brought to him In this Empire there are no Inns to entertain strangers onely in great Towns are fair houses built for their receit which they call Sarrays not inhabited where Travellers have room freely but they must bring with them beds food and other necessaries which they usually carry upon Camells or in Carts drawn with Oxen wherein they have tents to pitch when they meet with no Sarray's The inferior sort of people ride upon Oxen Horses Mules Camels or Dromedaries and the women like unto the men or else in slight Coaches drawn with Oxen many whereof are white and large and they are guided with cords which go through the parting of their Nostrils and so betwixt their horns into the Coach-mans hands they are nimble and will go twenty miles a day The better sort ride upon Elephants or are carried on mens shoulders in Sedans which they call Palankeenes In all their great Cities they have Markets twice a day early in the morning and in the evening wherein they sell almost every thing by weight They are generally so superstitious that they will rather dye than eat or drink any thing that their Law forbids The chief Cities in the great Mogols Countries Described Lahore in the great Mogols Country is a vast and famous City not much inferiour to Agra the Metropolis yea for circuit and bravery it much excells it The aire for eight months is pure and restorative the streets are paved and gracefull which are cleansed and watered by the River Ravee which flows most pleasantly into this City from the Casmyrian Mountains and after a stately course of three thousand English miles deep enough for Junks of sixty Tun it falls into Indus at Tutia This City is beautified with stately palaces Mosques Hummums or Sudatories Tanks or Ponds Gardens c. The Castle is large strong uniform pleasant and bravely seated being built of hard white and polished stone armed with twelve Posternes within which is a Palace sweet and comely entred by two Gates and Courts on the walls are pictured sundry stories and pastimes From this City to Agra is five hundred miles the Country in all that distance being even without Mountains and hills and the high way planted on both sides with shady Ash-trees whose spreading green tops lenefies the scorching heat of the Sun At the end of each eight miles is a fair and convenient lodge built for travellers to repose themselves in Herb. Trav. p. 69. Pur. Pil. v. 2. p. 1468. Brampore in the same Countrey is a City seated low and in an unhealthful plain very large and spacious and inhabited most by the Bannians the streets are many and narrow the houses not high and but meanly beautifull In the North-East end it hath a Castle standing by the Rivers side large and defensive In the River is an Artificial Elephant so skilfully shaped that by the Bannians it is adored and by others admired Idem Fettipore if the water were good it had triumphed over all the Cities in India It is walled about and to the North North West hath a lake or fish pond five miles over The North East hath a fair Buzzar or market place five hundred paces long well paved and built on all sides with pleasant houses At one end is
the English under the conduct of Charles Earle of Nottingham Robert Earle of Essex and Sir Walter Rawleigh at which time they burnt the Spanish Indian fleet consisting of forty ships whose lading was worth eight millions of Crowns They overthrew also the Spanish fleet consisting of fifty seven men of war they took two great Gallions with their luggage they spoiled and carryed away abundance of warlike amunition they slew and took prisoners four thousand foot and six hundred horse whence one made this Distich Alcides yeelds to Devereux hee did see Thy beauties Cales but Devereux conquer'd thee The British Islands discribed England is bounded on the East with the German on the West with the Irish on the South with the Brittish Oceans and on the North with the River Tweed and a line drawn from it to Solwal VVestward Formerly the Northern limit was a wall crosse the Island from Carlile in Cumberland to the River Tine It was built by Severus as a fortresse against the Picts at every miles end was a Castle between every Castle many Watch-Towers and through the walls of every Tower and Castle went a pipe of brasse which from one Garrison to another conveyed the least noise without interruption so that the intelligence of an invading enemy was quickly made known to all the borders VVhen the wall failed the strong Townes of Berwick and Carlile were the chief bars against invasion It s in length three hundred and twenty miles concerning our commodities they are thus reckoned up England is stored with Mountains Bridges Wooll With Churches Rivers Women beautiful The Bridges are in number eight hundred fifty and seven The Rivers are three hundred twenty and five the chief is Thames which ebbs and flowes twice a day more than threescore miles The banks of it are so adorned with fair Towns and Princely Palaces that a Dutch Poet made verses of them thus Englished Wee saw so many VVoods and Princely Bowers Sweet Fields brave Palaces and stately Towers So many Gardens drest with curious care That Thames with royal Tiber may compare The second River is Severne whose head is in Plinlimmon hill in Mountgomry-shire and ends seven miles short of Bristol washing in the mean space the walls of Shrewsbury VVorcester and Gloucester The third Trent so called from thirty kindes of fish found in it It s fountain is in Stafford-shire and passing through the Counties of Nottingham Lincoln Lecester and York it meets with Humber the most violent River in all England The fourth Humber made up of the Rivers Dun Are VVarfe You re Darwent and principally Ouze and Trent The fifth Medway a Kentish River famous for harbouring the Royal Navy at Chatham The sixth Tweed the North East bound of England on whose Northern bank stands the strong Town of Berwick The seventh Tine famous for Newcastle and her inexhaustible Coale-pits These with the rest are thus set forth by Draiton the Poet. Our Floods Queen Thames for ships and Swans is crowned And stately Severn for her shore is praised The Christal Trent for foords and fish renown'd And Avons fame to Albions cliffs is raised Carlegion Chester vaunts her holy Dee York many wonders of her Ouse can tell The Peak her Dove whose banks so fertil bee And Kent will say her Medway doth excel Cotswol commends her Isis to the Tame Our Northen borders boast of Tweeds fair flood Our VVestern parts extol their VVillies fame And the old Lea brags of th' Danish blood Our women are the most beautiful in the world without the help of any adulterate Sophistications In a compleat woman say the Italians should bee the parts of a Dutch woman from the girdle downward the parts of a French woman from the girdle to the shoulders over which must bee placed an English face And as their persons so their priviledges are greater here than in any other Nation they being not so servilely submiss as the French nor so jealously guarded as the Italians hence England is called the Purgatory of servants the hell of horses and the Paradise of women And the Italians commonly say that if there were a bridge built over the narrow Seas all the women of Europe would runne into England For here they have the upper hand in the streets and at the Table the thirds of their husbands estates their equal shares in lands priviledges wherewith women in other countrys are not acquainted The wooll of England is excellent fine especially that of Cotswold in Glocester shire of Lemster in Hereford shire and in the I le of Wight Of it are made excellent broad-cloaths which are dispersed all over the World bringing in much money into the Realm and setting on work so many poor people And the giving of some Cotswold sheep by King Edward the fourth to Henry King of Castile Anno Christi 1465. is counted one of the greatest prejudices that ever hapned to this Nation The wooll transported hath brought into us no lesse than one million and five hundred thousand pound yearly and our Lead half as much Wee have more Parks in England than in all Europe besides Lately we had Chases thirty Forrests fifty five Parks seven hundred forty and five replenished with abundance of Game Our Mines are of Tin Lead and Coals Beer wee have plenty which being transported into France the Lowcountries and Germany is amongst them highly esteemed We have so many well-tuned bells that Forreigners have called it The Ringing Island Our Air is very temperate No seas in Europe yeild more plenty of fish Our Oisters were famous amongst the old Romans Our Herrings yeild great profit to the Netherlanders Our Nobility have not such unlimited power as in other Nations Our commonalty live in far greater reputation than they do in other Countries and have more civility in them Our Ministry is learned and religious and have a more practical and powerful manner of Preaching than in any other Nation Their printed works are so famous that many young Schollers of other Nations come over on purpose to learn our language that they may bee able to make use of our Books they are also the best provided for of any Ministers in the reformed Churches The Diet of England is for the most part flesh In London alone there are slain and uttered no fewer than sixty seven thousand and five hundred beefes and six hundred seventy five thousand sheep besides Calves Lambs Swine and Poultry in a year I beleeve now farre more The Spanish Gondamor when hee was here having often seen our Shambles said that there was more flesh here eaten in a month than in all Spain in a year A Forreigner comming to London and seeing such multitudes of people in the streets wondred where there could bee meat to fill so many bellies but when hee had seen our Shambles and markets hee wondred where there could bee bellies to eat so much meat Our Navy is called the walls of England the like ships for service are not to
one hundred forty and five Villages the chief being Old haven and Keikerk It s bounded on the East with East-friezland on the West with VVest-Friezland on the South with Overyssel and on the North with the Sea These Countries are now divided between the States under an Aristocratical government and the King of Spain The States have the Dutchy of Guelders The Earldomes of Holland and Zealand and Zutphen The Lordships of Friezland Utretcht Overyssel and Groning seven in all the rest are Spanish Germany described The compass of this spacious Country is two thousand and six hundred English miles The Inhabitants are little addicted to Venus but very much to Bacchus they are of strong constitutions and much inclining to fatnesse The titles of the Fathers descend to all their Children every son of a Duke being a Duke and every Daughter a Dutchess The soil for the most part is healthful and profitable yeelding several Minerals Corn and Wine together with Linnen Quicksilver Allom c. The chief Rivers are 1. Danubius which rising out of Nigra sylva receiveth threescore navigable Rivers into it and having run a course of one thousand and five hundred miles emptieth it self at seven mouths into the Euxine Sea 2. Rhene which arising in Helvetia and running through Germany and Belgia after a course of eight hundred miles falleth into the German Ocean 3. Albis rising on the skirts of Bohemia passing by Magdenbourg Brunswick and Denmark after four hundred miles course falls into the same Sea 4. Oder arising in Silesia runs through Brandenbourg and Pomerania about three hundred miles and so falls into the Baltick Sea 5. Maenus or the Main 6. Weser The Empire of Germany is not hereditary but elective and when the Emperor is dead the Arch-Bishop of Mentz writes to the rest of the Electors to meet at Frankfurt within three months either in person or to send their Ambassadors In the vacancy the Elector Palatine is the Vicar and hee who is elected King of the Romans is declared heir The three Ecclesiastical Electors are the Arch-Bishops of Mentz Trevers and Colein the others are the King of Bohemia the Elector Palatine the Duke of Saxony and the Marquiss of Brandenburg to whom was lately added the Duke of Bavaria Being assembled at Frankfurt they make oath to chuse a fit person they are obliged to finish the choice within thirty dayes and may not go out of the Town till it bee accomplished If the voices happen to bee equal hee who hath the King of Bohemia's vote is proclaimed Emperour The three states of the Empire are 1. That of the aforesaid Electors wherein the Ecclesiasticks have the precedency The second state consists of four Arch-Bishops as Magdeburg Salsburgh Bremen and Bezanson after whom follows the great Master of the Teutonick Order and then one and thirty Bishops ten Abbots with the title of Princes and some Abbesses and lastly the Counts and Barons whereof there are many The third State is made up of the Imperial Towns which are in number threescore and five the four principall are Lubeck Metz Auspurgh and Aixe or Aquisgraâ—e Another Union there is for the preservation of Trade and commerce the chief Cities whereof are Lubeck Colein Brunswick and Dansick These are called Hanse-Towns The Empire is distributed into ten circles Franconia Bavaria Austria Swevia That of the upper Rheyn that of the four Electors towards the Rheyn Westphalia Saxony Low Saxony and Burgundy Come wee now in particular to the chief Provinces of Germany which are fifteen As 1. East-Friezland having on the West the River Ems on the East the Weser on the South Westphalia and on the North the Sea The chief Towns are 1. Emden 2. Ammer Dun. 3. Oldenbourg 2. Westphalia which is bounded on the East with Brunswick on the West with Belgia on the South with Hassia and on the North with the Sea The soil is fruitful the trees yeeld abundance of sweet Acorns which feed our Westphalia Bacon The Northern part is called Bremen from the chief City of that name the next parts belong to the Duke of Saxony the chief Towns whereof are 1. Clappenbourg 2. Exenberg 3. Alsdorpe c. The other part belongs to the Bishopricks of Collen Munster and Triers In that of Collen are 1. Collen the Bishops seat 2. Andernaâ—h 3. Lentz seated on the Rhene 4. Bonna 5. Mondenand The chief towns under the Bishop of Munster are 1. Warendorp 2. Herverden 3. Munster seated on the River Ems. Here the frantick Anabaptists seated themselves Anno Christi 1522. till they were deservedly punished and destroyed The chief Towns in the Bishoprick of Triers are 1. Bopport on the Mosel 2. Engers 3. Coblents 4. Triers on the Mosel also 3. Cleveland which Dutchy contains Cleve Gulick and Berge It joyns to Gelderland and the chief Cities are 1. Cleve 2. Calkar 3. Wesel 4. Emerick In Gulick the chief Cities are 1. Aquisgraue or Aken 2. Gulick 3. Dulken 4. Newis The chief Towns in Berge are 1. Dusseldorp 2. Hattingen 3. Arusberg 4. Alsatia which hath on the West Lorrain on the South Helvetia on the East the Rhene and on the North the Palatinate The chief Towns are 1. Strasbourg where is a Tower five hundred seventy and eight paces high It stands on the Rhene 2. Psaltburg 3. VVeisenberg On the South end of Alsatia stand Colmer Hagenaw and Selestade three fair Cities belonging to the Empire 5. Franconia which is bounded on the East with Bohemia on the West with Elsas on the North with Hassia and on the South with Swevia Bavaria and Helvetia It s divided betwixt the Palatine of Rhene the Duke of VVittenberg the Marquess of Anspach and Baden the Bishops of Mentz Bamberg VVestberg and the Emperour of which in order The Palatinate of Rhene is in length from North to South threescore and twelve miles in breadth from East to West fourscore and sixteen In which compass are some Towns of the Empire and some Lordships belonging to the Bishops of VVormes and Spires both seated on the Rhene The Palatinate hath store of fruits mettals and Rhenish Wines Hath many gallant Towns as 1. Mospotch 2. Heidelberg an University On the banks of Rhene stand 1. Bacharach whence come the best Rhenish Wines called Bachrach 2. Coub 3. Oppenheim 4. Cruitznack 5. Frankendale 6. Germensheim 7. Mainhem c. There are in this Country fourteen other walled Towns VVittenberg whereof the chief Towns are 1. Turbing an University 2. Stutguard the Dukes seat 3. Marback 4. Caustat c. Anspach the chief Towns whereof are 1. Anspach 2. Haâ—lbrun 3. Plenifelt Baden a fruitful Country lying between the Rivers Rhene and Neccar The chief Towns are 1. Durlach 2. Pfortshaime 3. Baden a neat Town seated on the Rhene having hot Baths in it Mentz seated where the Main emptieth it self into the Rhene whereof the chief Towns are 1. Lanstein 2. Bing seated on the Rhene Bamberg which is a fair City seated on the Main the other chief
A Geographicall Description Of all the COUNTRIES In the known VVORLD AS ALSO Of the greatest and famousest Cities and Fabricks which have been or are now remaining Together with The greatest Rivers the strangest Fountains the various Minerals Stones Trees Hearbs Plants Fruits Gums c. which are to bee found in every Country Unto which is added a Description of The rarest Beasts Fowls Birds Fishes and Serpents which are least known amongst us Collected out of the most approved Authors and from such as were eye-witnesses of most of the things contained herein By SA CLARKE Pastor of the Church of Christ in Bennet Finck London PSALM 104.24 25. O Lord how manifold are thy Works In wisdome hast thou made them all The earth is full of thy riches So is the great and wide Sea wherein are things creeping innumerable both small and great Beasts c. LONDON Printed by R. I. for Thomas Newberry at the three Lions in Cornhill over against the Conduit MDCLVII A GEOGRAPHICALL DESCRIPTION OF ALL THE COVNTRIES IN THE KNOWNE WORLD as also of the Chiefest Cittyes Famousest Structures Greatest Rivers Strangest Fountaines c. Together with The rarest Beasts Birds Fishes c which are Least knownâ— amongst vs. BY SA CLARKE R Gaywood fecit A Geographicall Description Of all the COUNTRIES In the known VVORLD The Division of the World THE Earth is commonly divided into four parts Asia Africa Europe and America Asia Described Asia is divided into two parts Asia the lesse next to Europe called also Anatolia or Natolia thus bounded Towards the West and North is Greece Full West is the Archipelagus On the East is the River Euphrates On the North is the Euxine Sea And on the South the Mediterranean This Country was once of admirable fertility affording all sorts of Commodities both for necessity and delight But for the sins of her Inhabitants it s turned into barrennesse having been so often wasted by the great Monarchs of the earth First by the Babylonians then by the Meads and Persians then by the Grecians then by the Romans and lastly by the Turks who have made such wofull havock that in it are to bee seen the ruines of above four thousand Cities and Towns the residue have lost both the names and memory of their Predecessors and the people are faln from the Knowledge Religion and Industry of their fore-fathers and for the most part are Mahumetans In this Asia the Lesse are contained these Provinces Caria Jonia Doriâ— Lydia Aeolis Phrygia minor and major Cilicia Pamphilia Lycia Bythinia Pontus Paphlagonia Galacia Cappadocia Lycaonia Pysidia and Armenia minor In Jonia stood Miletum where Paul Preached to the Elders Acts 20.17 and Ephesus In Lydia were seated Laodicea Thyatira Philadelphia Sardis and Pergamus In Phrygia minor was Adramitium mentioned Act. 27.2 In Phrygia major was Colosse to whom Paul wrote his Epistle In Cilicia was Tarsus where Paul was born In this Country feed those Goats whose hair makes our curious Chamlets and Grogerams falsely called Camels hair In Pamphilia are seated Perga Pisidia and Attalia Sea Towns Act. 13 1â— 14. In Lycia the cheif City was Patara In Lycaonia were Iconium and Listra In Pisidia was the famous City of Antiochia In Asia the Greater are contained these Countries Syria Palestine Armenia major Araâ—â—a the Happy Stony Desert Media Assyria Mesopâ—tamia Persia Chaldâ—n Partâ—ia Hircania Tâ—rtaria â—hiâ—a and India In Syria are Phaenicia Caelâ—syria and Syrophâ—nicia In Phaenicia are Tyre and Sidon Sarepta and Ptolaemais In Caelosyria are Hieropolis Damascus Aleppo Tripolis c. Palestine is in length two hundred miles in breadth but fifty containing Samaria Idumaea Judaea Galile the higher called Galile of the Gentiles Galile the lower wherein were Nazareth and Mount Tabor where Christ was transfigured Armenia major now Turkomania wherein was Colchus whence Jason fetched the golden Fleece Arabia divided into three parts Arabia Deserta where the Children of Israel were fed with Manna forty years Arabia Petrosa where Mount Sinai was and the Law given Arabia Faelix abounding with Spices and Drugges where Medina is the place of Mahomets Sepulchre Media where the fruits of the Country are said to bee always green and flourishing Assyria where Nineveh stood to which Jonah was sent Mesopotamia where was Babylon Persia a great Empire where the Regall City is Persepolis Chaldaea often mentioned in Scripture Parthia the Inhabitants whereof were famous for their Archery and opposition against the Romans Hircania which hath many Cities of note and abounds with Wine and Honey Tartaria formerly called Scythia whose Queen Tomyris overcame Cyrus and cut off his head They have neither Cities nor houses but live in hoards their Prince is the great Cham. China is a very great populous and fruitful Country and the Inhabitants are very ingenuous but it is lately overrun by the Tartars as you shall hear afterwards India through the midst whereof runs the River â—anges dividing it into India intra Gangem which lieth towards the West and India extra Gangem which lyeth towards the East The chief place whereof is Goa where the Vice-roy of Portugal resides The Islands of Asia the less are Rhodes over against Caria and Cyprus formerly consecrated to Venus In the Indian Ocean the Islands are very many principally Ormus Zeilan Sumatra Avirae insulae Bocuro Java major and minor Japan the Molucco's and the Philippine Islands which abound with Spices of all sorts Pearls and Gold whereof I will now give a more particular account Asia minor more largely described Cappadocia described Cappadocia called also Leucosyria and now Amasia stretcheth four hundred and fifty miles along the Euxine Sea bounded on the West with Paphlagonia Galatia and part of Pamphilia on the South with Cilicia on the East with the Hills Antitaurus and Moschius and part of Euphrates Here runneth Halis the end of Craesus Empire both in the site and fate thereof hee being deceived with that ambiguous Oracle Craesus Halin penetrans magnam pervertet opâ—m vim that passing Halis hee should overturn a great State which hee interpreting actively of his attempts against Cyrus verified it passively in himself In Cappadocia was the City of Comana famoused by the Temple of Bellona and a great multitude of such as were there inspired by Devillish illusions Not far thence also was Castabala where was the Temple of Diana Persica Galatia or Gallo-graecia hath on the South Pamphilia and on the North it s washed with the Eâ—xine Sea by the space of two hundred and fifty miles Sinope was the chief City Deiotarâ—s a famous King but Galacia is made more famous by St. Pauls Epistle written to the Church thereof Pontus and Bithinia now called Bursia hath on the West the mouth of Pontus the Thracian Bosphorus and part of Propontis Galacia on the East part of the Euxine Sea on the North and Asia properly so called on the South The most famous Cities in it were Nice wherein was celebrated the first General Council gathered
Semiramis also built in the same City a stately Temple which shee dedicated to Cush or Jupiter Belus four square each side containing two Furlongs or a thousand paces with thick Towering walls entred by four gates of polished brasse In the midst was a solid Tower of the height and thicknesse of a Furlong upon this another and so each higher than another being eight in number reaching far above the middle Region of the Air In the highest Tower was a Chappel and therein a fair bed covered and a Table of gold in the top of this Chappel shee placed three golden Statues One of Jupiter forty foot long weighing a thousand Talents each Talent containing sixty three pounds and almost ten ounces Another of Ops weighing as much sitting in a golden Throne at her feet two Lions and hard by huge Serpents of silver each of thirty Talents The third Image was of Juno standing in weight eight hundred Talents To all which was a common Table of gold forty foot long and twelve broad weighing fifty Talents There were also two standing Cups of thirty Talents and two Vessels for perfume of the like weight besides three other Vessels of gold weighing twelve hundred Talents all which the Persian Kings after their conquest of it took away Herod Nebuchadnezzar's Babylon with its Rarities described Nebuchadnezzar after hee came to it having conquered all the neighbouring Nations enriched this Temple of Belus with their spoils and added a new City to the old without the same which hee compassed about with three walls and made in them stately gates and neer his Fathers Palace hee built another more stately wherein hee raised stone works like unto Mountains which hee planted with all manner of trees Hee made also Pensile Gardens one of the VVorlds VVonders born upon arches four square each square containing four hundred foot filled above vvith earth vvherein grevv all sorts of trees and plants the arches vvere built one upon another in convenient height still increasing as they ascended the highest vvhich bate the vvalls vvere fifty Cubits high Hee made also Aquaeducts for the vvatering of this Garden Hee erected also an Image of gold in the plain of Dura sixty Cubits high and six broad These stately buildings made him so to boast Is not this great Babel that I have built for the house of the Kingdome by the might of my power and for the honour of my Majesty Herod The Tower of Babylon Described About one hundred and thirty years after Noahs comming out of the Ark his posterity being affrighted with the late Flood under Nimrod they intended to raise up such a pile as should secure them from a second deluge and admirable it is to consider what multitudes of men there were in the world in so short a space there being but eight persons that came out of the Ark and now this building was carried on by five hundred thousand men the Basis of it was nine miles in compass and in a few years they raised it above five thousand paces into the sky and had proceeded farther but that God by confounding their Languages despersed them over the whole face of the Earth Herb. Trav. The Country about Babylon hath been the fruitfullest in the VVorld yeilding ordinarily two hundred and in some places three hundred increase the blades of the VVheat and Barley are about four fingers broad They cut their Corn twice in the year and depasture it a third time or else it would bee nothing but blade Pur. Pilgri p. 59. The City of Bagdat Described Bagdat is raised out of the ruines of old Babylon it s in circuit above three miles containing fifteen thousand families it s watered by Tygris somewhat broader than the Thames it hath a bridge over it made upon thirty long boates chained together made to open and shut at pleasure The Mosque stands at the West end large round and pleasantly raised of white freestone The Pallace joyns to the market its large but low The Coha-house is a house of good fellowship where every evening they assemble to drink a certain Stygian Liquor a black thick bitter potion brewed out of Bunum berries of great repute because it provokes lust and purges melancholly The Buzzar is square and comely the gardens are sweet and lovely Syria Described Syria bounds Northward upon Cilicia and part of Cappadocia by Mount Amanus on the South upon Judea and part of Arabia-Petraea On the East upon Arabia Deserta and Euphrates and on the West upon the Syrian Sea This Country is thought to have been the habitation of our first parents before the Flood and of Noah and the better part of his Family after Hierapolis was the chief City where was a Temple built in the midst of the City compassed with a double wall The Porch looking Northward was almost a hundred fathoms high the Temple it self was three hundred fathoms at the top whereof stood Images of Priapus which was their God whom they served with filthy and godlesse vices The Temple within shined with gold and the Roof was wholly of the same mettall It yeilded so fragrant a smell that the garments of those that came into it retained the sent long after within it was a Quire where stood the Images of Jupiter supported with Bulls and of Juno sitting upon a Lyon with a Scepter in one hand and a distaffe in the other adorned with many Jewels and amongst the rest on her head one called the Lamp yeilding light in the night season Not far from the City was a lake two hundred fathoms deep wherein was preserved sacred Fishes and in the middest thereof an Altar of stone crowned always with garlands and burning with Odours Antioch another City in Syria was built by Seleucus and was sometimes the Seat Royall of the Syrian Kings and afterwards it was the third City in the Roman Empire the third seat of the Christian Patriarks and the first place where the Disciples were called Christians but now it s a Sepulchre to it self being left but a small village Damascus another Regal City was fair and great every side containing fifteen miles by it ran the River Pharphar that watered their gardens but Abana entered into the City and by Conduits was carried into their private houses both of them adding both pleasure and Profit to the inhabitants which made Naaman prefer them before all the Waters of Israel In it was a Synagogue of the Ismalites a stately building wherein was a wall of glasse distinguished by three hundred sixty and five holes in each of which was a Dial with twelve Degrees answering to the hours of the day within it were bathes and costly buildings so rich of gold and silver as seemed incredible it had forty great Porches in the circuit of it wherein nine thousand Lamps all of gold and silver hanged from the roof of them It was ca1led the Palace of Benhadad Aleppo is now the chiefest City in Syria wherein this is very remarkable that
of it no considerable party opposing them in their peaceable possession as you may read more fully in a book called Bellum Tartaricum The City of Quinsay described Quinsay was formerly the Regal City of China situated abuut the heart of the Country and yet not far from the Sea In it were to bee found so many delights that it seemed an earthly Paradise It was one hundred miles in compasse for the streets and channels thereof were very wide and the Market-places very large It had on the one side a clear lake of fresh water and on the other a great River which entring into many places of the City carryed away all the filth and occasioned a good air There were store both of Carts and Barks to carry necessaries It had in it twelve thousand Bridges great and small those on the chiefest Channels being so high that ships might passe under them On the other side of the City was a great Trench forty miles long large and full of water from the River which served both to receive the overflowings of the River and as a fence to that side of the City the earth that was taken out being laid as a bank or hill on the inside There are ten chief Market-places besides infinite others along the streets all of them square the square being half a mile on each side and from the fore part of them runs a principal street forty paces wide reaching from one end of the City to the other with many Bridges traversing of it and at the end of every four miles is such a Market-place There is also a large channel running over against the street behinde the Market-places on the banks whereof are erected store-houses of stone where Merchants out of all Countries laid up their Commodities being commodious to the Markets In each of the Market-places three dayes in a week was a concourse of forty or fifty thousand persons which brought in whatsoever was requisite for the life of man besides beasts and fowls of game Then followed the Butchers rows of Beef Veal Kid and Lamb Besides there were all sorts of Herbs and fruits and amongst them huge Pears weighing ten pound a peece and very fragrant Peaches yellow and white very delicate Every day from the Ocean which is but five and twenty miles off is brought up abundance of fish besides what the Lake and River yeeld All the Market-places are encompassed with high and fair houses and underneath are shops of Artificers and all sorts of Merchandises Spices Jewels Pearls Rice-wine c. Many streets answer one another in those Market-places wherein are many Bathes both of cold and hot waters and people wash every day before they eat any thing At the end of each Market-place is a Palace where Magistrates determine all controversies which happen amongst Merchants and others There are twelve Principal trades each of which have one thousand shops and yee shall see in every shop ten twenty thirty or forty men at work under one Master The Masters themselves work not but stand richly apparreled and their wives with Jewels inestimable their houses are well ordered and richly adorned with Pictures and other stupendious costs About the Lake are many fair buildings and great Palaces of the Nobles and chief men and Temples of their Idols and Monasteries of many Monks In the middest of the Lake are two Islands upon each of which is a Palace with incredible numbers of rooms whither they resort upon occasions of marriages or other feasts where are provisions of Vessels Nappery and other things kept in common for such purposes In the Lake also are Boats and Barges for pleasure adorned with fair seats and Tables and other provision for banquets covered over head within they are neatly painted and have windows to open and shut at pleasure Nor can any thing in the World seem more pleasant than from the Lake to have such a prospect the City so fully presenting it self to the eye with so many Temples Monasterys Palaces Gardens with high trees Barges People c. For their manner is to work one part of the day and the other part to spend in solace with their friends or with women on the Lake or in riding in Chariots up and down the City All the streets are paved with stone as are all the high wayes in China The principal street of Quinsay is paved ten paces on each side and in the midst it 's well gravelled with passages for the water which keeps it alwayes clean There are also multitudes of Chariots accommodated with cloathes and cushions of Silk for six persons in each of them and in them the inhabitants solace themselves in the streets or go to Gardens provided on purpose for their pleasure This City contains about sixteen hundred thousand housholds and together with the Country adjoyning yeelded to the King sixteen millions and eight hundred thousand Ducats of gold yearly besides six millions and four hundred thousand Ducats for the customes of salt Pur. Pil. v. 3. p. 98. The Great Mogols Empire described The Great Mogols Country is called Indusâ—an which for spaciousness abundance of brave Towns numberlesse inhabitants infinit treasure mines food and all sort of Merchandise exceeds all Kings and Potentates in the Mahomitan World This vast Monarchy extends from East to West two thousand six hundred miles From North to South one thousand four hundred miles It s in circuit five thousand It is bounded with the Bengalan Gulph and Indian Ocean On the South with Decan and Mallaber North and North West with Tartary and Persia It contains thirty seven large Provinces thirty great Cities three thousand walled Towns His revenues are very great He hath in continual pay three hundred thousand Horse and keeps two thousand Elephants at a vast charge his Treasurer yearly issuing out above forty millions of Crowns The names of the Provinces are 1. Candahor The chief City is of the same name It lies Northward and confines upon Persia. 2. Cabul The chief City is of the same name It lyes in the North West part and confines upon Tartary 3. Multan The chief City is of the same name On the West it joyns with Persia. 4. Hajacan It hath no great City It s bounded Eastward with the famous River of Indus and Westward with Persia. 5. Buckor The chief City is Buckor-succor Indus runs through it and much inriches it 6. Tatta The chief City is of the same name The River Indus maketh many fruitful and pleasant Islands in it the chief arm of it falls into the Sea at Synde a place famous for curious handy crafts 7. Sorat The chief City is Janagar It s a little Province but rich bounded with the Ocean on the South 8. Jeselmeere The chief City is of the same name 9. Attack The chief City is of the same name It lyeth on the Eastside of Indus 10. Peniab It 's seated 〈◊〉 five Rivers which all fall into Indus It s a great and very fruitful Province
part thereof and another lay his ear to the other which is a good way off he may easily hear every sillable The City of Oxford Described Where the River Cherwel meets with Isis and pleasant Ilets lye dispersed by the sundry disseverings of waters there this famous City and University of Oxford sheweth it self aloft in a champion plain from whence Religion and learning have been spread into all the parts of England A fair and goodly City it is whether wee respect the seemly beauty of private houses or the stately magnificence of publick buildings together with the wholsome situation and pleasant prospect thereof For the hills beset with woods do so environ the plain that as on the one side they exclude the pestilent Southwind and the tempestuous West-wind on the other so they let in the clearing East-wind only and the North-East-wind with all which frees it from all corruption whence sometimes it was called Bellositum The City of Eli Described The City of Eli is situate in the middest of great and large Fens and was formerly famous for the reputed holinesse of the Nuns there residing and for a stately Monastery so rich that the Abbot thereof not long after VVilliam the Conquerors time laid up every year in his own Coffers a thousand and four hundred pounds King Henry the first made it a Bishops Sea promoting thereto one Hervey who sought by all means to advance the dignity of his Church For which end hee obtained of the King that it might bee Toll-free hee made a way also from Exing to Eli through the Fens of six miles in length and the Monks growing rich the Cathedrall Church being much decayed through age they by little and little built it and brought it to the ample statelinesse which now it hath A Lanthorn it hath at the very top thereof just over the Quire supported by eight Pillars and raised upon them right Artificially built by John Hothum the Bishop and under the Church towards the North stands St. Maries chappel a singular fine peece of work built by Simon Montacutâ— Bishop The City it self is not much to bee accounted of either for beauty or resort of people to it as having an unwholsome air by reason of the Fens round about it The City of Lincoln Described The City of Lincoln is large and well inhabited and frequented It stands upon the side of an hill where the River VVitham bends his course Eastward and being divided with three small channels watereth the Lower part of the City In the highest part of the City the Cathedral is erected a stately structure being built through out not only most sumptuously but with rare and singular workmanship most beautiously especially the forefront at the West end which in a sort ravisheth and allureth the eyes of all that judiciously view it very ancient this City is and hath been farre larger and more populous It hath in it fifty Parish Churches whereof at this day there remain only fifteen besides the Minster The City of Norwich in Northfolk described Norwich is situated upon the River Yare the form of it is somewhat long being from South to North a mile and an half long and in breadth about half so much drawing it self in by little and little in the Southend making in a manner a sharp point compassed it is about with strong walls beautified with many Turrets orderly placed and twelve gates only it is not walled on the East side where the River after it hath with many windings in and out watered the North part of the City having four Bridges for passage over it is a sufficient defence with his deep channel and high steep banks It flourisheth with wealth plenty of inhabitants great resort of strangers fair buildings and hath in it about thirty Parish Churches on the East side of it stands a very fair Cathedral Church near unto the Castle built upon a very high hill which was compassed about with an exceeding deep ditch In the midst of the City near the Market-place is a very fair Town-house which on Market-dayes is plentifully furnished with all things necessary for mans life The Netherlanders being driven away by the Duke d' Alva's cruelty repairing hither in great numbers brought in the making of Sayes Bayes and other stuffe to the great gain of the Citizens Anno Christi 1583. the Citizens conveyed water out of the River in pipes by an artificial instrument into the highest parts of the City The City of Coventry in Warwickshire described Coventry is a City very commodiously seated large sweet and neat fortified with very strong walls which are about three miles in compasse through which are thirteen gates for enterance most of them very stately and strongly built besides eighteen other Towers in several parts of the wall for defence A little River called Shirburn runs through the City which is beautified with many fair and goodly houses amongst which there rise up on high two Churches of rare workmanship St. Michaels and Trinity standing one hard by another with stately spire steeples of a very great height In the midst of the City is the Market-place called the Cross-cheaping and therein a Crosse or Pillar of stone of most exquisite and admirable workmanship there is also a very fair Grammer-school and a neat Library at the end of it with convenient habitations for the Master and Usher near unto it is VVel-street and therein a very large fountain that continually sends forth great plenty of excellent water The City had very large suburbs belonging to it especially in the East and West ends most whereof were broken down in our late Civil wars and a large Trench made on the outside of the walls The City of Worcester described Under the City of Worcester runs the Severn with a slow pace as admiring and wondring at the City as it passeth by and truly worthy it is of admiration whether you respect the antiquity or the beauty thereof It stands in a place rising somewhat with a gentle ascent by the Rivers side that hath a fair Bridge with a Tower over it It is well and strongly walled and the inhabitants are much inriched by the trade of cloathing It is one thousand six hundred and fifty paces about the walls through which seven Gates give entrance with five other VVatch Towers for defence there are in it divers Churches besides the Cathedral which is seated on the South side of the City and is a passing fair and stately building adorned with the Tombs and Monuments of King John Prince Arthur diverse of the Beauchamps c. The City of Lichfield in Staffordshire described Lichfield is a very ancient City known unto Bede by the name of Lichidfield i. e. the field of dead bodies by reason of a number of Christians there martyred in the bloody persecution under the Emperor Dioclesian This City is low seated of a good largenesse and fair withal divided into two parts by a shallow pool of clear water which
fairest houses in Christendome Northward lyeth the Dukedome of Valois whose prime City is Senlis and next it Luzarch 7. Berry and Burbon which are environed with Poictou Limosin Avern Burgondy and Champain The chief City in Berry is Bourges well stored with sheep It s watered with the River Cher and hath in it thirty and three walled towns In Bourges is a famous University 2. Sancerre 3. Argenton 4. Casteau Rous. Burbon is watered with the Rivers of Loyre and Alliere The Cities are 1. Burbon 2. Molins 3. Nevers To Burbon belong Beavois and Avern In Beavois are the Cities of Beavois and ville Franche In Avern the chief Citie is Clermont then St. Floure invincible by its situation 3. Claudes Argues 4. Maregnes and 5. Aubigny 8. Limosin is environed with Berry Poictou Xantoigne and Avergne It s watered with the Rivers Vienne and Vexerew The chief Cities are 1. Tulles 2. Tuviers 3. Maignai 4. Limoges 5. Chalue South-West to Limosin are the â—â—ttle Countries of Perigort and Quercu whereof the chief Towns are 1. Mountalbon situated on the Garond A strong hold of the Protestants 2. Cahors a beautiful rich City In Perigort are the Cities of Perigeux and Sarlat 9. Daulphine is environed with Avergne on the West Provence on the South Savoy on the East and Bresse on the North. The Rhoan runs through this Countrey and meeting with Zone it washeth the walls of Lyons a famous mart Town and University 2. Valence 3. Vienna 4. Grenoble where is a Parliament In the mountains bordering on this Country and lying between it Savoy Provence and Piedmont dwell the Waldenses many times formerly and now of late grievously persecuted by the Popish Party 10. Languedoc is environed with the Pyrenean hills Gascoin the River Rhoan and the Mediterranean Sea the chief Cities are 1. Narbon 2. Montpelier on the sea side which is a famous University for the study of Law and Physick 3. Nismes 4. Agde 5. Lodove 11. Provence is bounded with Languedoc Dauphine Piedmont and the Mediterranean Sea It s divided into three parts one whereof belongs to the Pope the Metropolis whereof is Avignion seated on the River Rosne wherein the Popes made their residence seventy years together in it is an University The second part belongs to the Prince of Orang wherein the chief City is Orang famous for her rare and wonderful Antiquities The third and greatest part belongs to the King of France wherein are 1. Marseleis a famous mart Town 2. Aix where is a Parliament 3. Arles wherein was held a Councill by Constantine Anno Christi 313. 12. Picardy and Champaigne are environed about with Normandy Belgia Lorayn Burgundy Berry Burbon and France It s divided into the higher and lower In the higher is 1. Callis taken by our Edward the third after eleven Months sieg Anno 1347. and suddenly lost by Queen Mary Anno 1557. after it had been English two hundred years 2. Bullen taken by our King Henry the eight 3. Terwin taken by the same King Maximilian the Emperor of Germany serving under his ensigns In the lower Picardy are 1. St. Quintins 2. Abbeville strong frontire Towns 3. Peronne 4. Amience 5. Monstreville 6. Guise Campaigne hath in it 1. Rheimes where the Kings of France are Crowned and anointed In it is an University and one Colledge for the entertainment of English fugitives 2. Troys 3. Brie 4. Montargis 5. Sens 6. Auxerre 7. Chalons 13. The Dutchy of Burgundy is bounded with Champaign Bresse and Burbonoys The chief Cities whereof are 1 Dijon where is a Parliament 2 Autun 3 Beaulne 4 Verdune 5 Sologne 6 Chalons belonging to the Prince of Orange 7 Alice It s watered with ten Rivers All these Provinces are under the King of France and besides Cities have in them thirty and four good Havens Within the limits of France are three other Countries which are not subject to the King of France as 1 Savoy 2 Lorrain 3 the County of Burgundy which last is bounded with Champaigne Lorrain Switzerland and Bresse and the Dutchy of Burgundy The length of it is ninety miles the breadth sixty The Inhabitants are a warlike people called commonly Walloons The soil is exceeding fruitfull it s watered with the Rivers Soan Love Dayne and Doux upon whose banks stands the fair and strong City of Bezanson an University Dole also stands on the same River a strong rich and beautiful City and an University wherein the Jesuits have a Colledge 3. Salines 4. Gray 5. Arbois 6. Boutenant 7. Chastilion and above three and twenty more walled Towns 2 Lorrain which is environed with part of Belgia Alsatia the County of Burgundy and Champaigne It abounds with Corn Wine Mines Salt Fish and an excellent race of horses The people are hardy and politick and are governed by a Duke In it are store of Lakes well replenished with Fish one whereof is fourteen miles in compasse The chief Rivers are 1. The Meure 2. Mosa 3. Mosella The chief Cities are 1. Nancy seated on the Meure 2. St. Nicholas well seated neatly built and very populous but not walled about 3. Vausoleur 4. Pont Moson 5. Neufa Chateau 6. Vaudemant Unto this Countrey belongs the County of Barrois environed with the two streams of the River Marne the chief Towns are Barleduc Lamot Arg and Ligni 3. Savoy which is bounded with Dauphine Bress Switzerland and Piedmont Within the limits of this Countrey stands the famous City of Geneva being but two English miles in circuit and the territories thereof stretch but two leagues and an half of each side At the end of the City is the lake Lemannus and the River Rhoan divides it into two parts This little Common-wealth by the assistance of God resisted a great siedg laid against it by the Duke of Savoy Anno Christi 1589 As also another attempt made by Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy to have taken her by surprise Hee secretly listed one thousand and two hundred men under the command of Mounsieur d' Aubigny who by means of great store of Ladders and other instruments got to the number of two hundred into the Town whilst the Duke was following with some Regiments for recruit But being discovered and the Citizens running to their Arms it pleased God to strike those which were entered with such a Pannick fear that they returned the same way they came without having been able so much as to seize upon one gate to let in the other Forces Thus this great design so long premeditated so secretly carried on so successefully begun and almost compleatly executed was by the watchful eye of Gods Providence over his people prevented and this hot Camisado hath made them of Geneva stand better upon their guard ever since They use to punish Adultery with death and if any malefactor fly thither for refuge they punish him after the custome of the country where the crime was committed The chief Cities of Savoy are 1. Chambery the Dukes seat It
stands in a pleasant valley amongst the Mountains and is beautified with many neat houses well fortified with a strong Castle and some outworks 2. Tarentaise which commands the passage into Italy through the hills Geneura 3. Bramont 4. Aquibelle 5. Carboneirs 6. Maurienne On the North East of Savoy is the County of Bresse the chief Towns whereof are 1. Chattillion 2. Mont Real 3. Bourg well seated and fortified The Marquisat of Saluzzes is seated in Piedmont a part of Italy Piedmont it self being bounded with Millaine on the East Savoy on the West Switzerland on the North and the Mediterranean on the South A fruitful Country compared with Savoy but inferior to the rest of Italy It hath in it one hundred and sixty walled places and is very populous It hath in it fifty Earldomes and fifteen Marquisates It s divided betwixt the Dukes of Savoy and Mantua the River Tenarus parting their possessions The chief Towns belonging to the Savoyard are 1. Turin built on the banks of the River Duria In it is the Palace of the Duke of Savoy and an University 2. Aoste 3. Vercelli a strong Town 4. Inurea c. The Alps described The Mountains of the Alpes which require five dayes to bee ascended divide France and Germany from Italy they are alwayes covered with Snow Hanibal made a way through them with fire and Vineger They begin at Savona and having run a good space in a continued hill are at last divided into many parts There are five passages over them into Italy three out of France and two out of Germany The first out of France is through Provence close upon the Tyrenean Seas and so through Liguria which is the easiest The second through the Hills called Geneura into the Marquisat of Saluzzes and so into Lombardy The third is over Mount Cenis through the Country of Turin The first way out of Germany is through the Grisons Country by the Town of Valtolin the other way is through the Country of Tyrol by the Towns of Inspurg and Trent Italy described This Country abounds with Rice Silks Velvets Sattins Taffaties Grograms Rash Fustians Gold Wire Allom Glasses c. The chief Rivers in it are 1. Poe which riseth out of the Alps and running through Lombardy emptieth it self into the Adriatique Sea 2. Rubicon 3. Tyber Italy is usually divided into six parts but the principalities thereof are ten as 1. The Kingdome of Naples having the land of the Church on one side and the Sea on all others It s in compasse one thousand four hundred sixty and eight miles It abounds with Mines of divers Mettals and the choisest Wines The chiefest Provinces in it are 1. Terra di Lavoro formerly Campania wherein the chiefest Cities are 1. Cajeta seated on the Sea side 2. Naples the Metropolis and a beautiful City containing seven miles in compasse In this City the French or Neapolitan disease was first known in Christendome It stands on the Sea shore and is fortified with four Castles 3. Capua which emasculated the valor of Hanibals souldiers 4. Cuma nigh to which is the Lake Avernus the stink whereof poisons birds that flye over it 5. Baiae famous for the Baths 6. Nola. 7. Puteoli 8. Misenum nigh unto which is the Hill Vesuvius that casteth forth flames of fire and in the reign of Titus it cast forth such abundance of smoak and ashes as darkned the Sun and overwhelmed two Cities 2. Abruzzo whereof the chief Towns are 1. Aquilea 2. Beneventum 3. Aquino where Thomas Aquinas was born 4. Sulmo Ovids birth-place 3. Calabria inferior whose chief Cities are 1. Peste where Roses blossom thrice in a year 2. Salernum famous for the study of Physick 3. Consensia 4. Regium 5. Locris 4. Calabria Superior wherein the chief Towns are 1. Tarentum 2. Crotona 3. Polycastrum 4. Amicle 5. Sybaris 6. St. Severine 5. Terra di Otranto wherein the chief Cities are 1. Brundusium one of the best Havens in the world 2. Hydruntum now Otranto 3. Gallipolis 6. Puglia the Cities whereof are 1. Manfredonia 2. Cannae where Hanibal slew of the Romans forty two thousand and seven hundred and had hee followed that victory hee had been Master of Rome In this Country is the Hill Gargalus or Mount St. Angelo one hundred and twenty miles in compasse strengthened both by nature and Art it abounds with cattel The people in these two Provinces are troubled with a Tarantula which is only cured by Musick 2. The land of the Church which North and South is extended from the Adriatick to the Tuscan Seas the East bounds are Axafenus and Trontus which divide it from Naples North-West its bounded with the Rivers Poe and Fiore which divide it from the Venetians and South-West with Pisseo which parts it from the Florentines The Provinces hereof are 1. Romandiola extending from Rubicon East to the Venetians on the West from the Appenine Hills South to Padus and the Adriatique on the North. The chief Cities are 1. Bononia the principal University in Italy where the civil Laws are much studied seated on the River Aposa 2. Rimana formerly Ariminum on the mouth of the River Rubicon 3. Cervia on the Adriatique Sea where great store of salt is made 4. Ferrara whose territories stretch in length one hundred and sixty miles and in breadth fifty wherein are contained the brave Cities of Modena and Rhegium Ferrara the chief-City is seated on the bank of Poe a broad deep and swift River which guards it on the one side and on the other it s fortified with strong walls and a large moat In the midst of the City is a large Green into which there open on all sides nineteen streets most of them half a mile long and so even that the ends of them may bee easily seen The whole compasse is five miles 5. Ravenna 2. Marcha Anconitana environed with Romagna the Appennine Naples and the Adriatique The chief Towns are 1. Ancona seated on the Hill Cimmerius and it is an Haven Town 2. Ascoli the fair 3. Firmo the strong 4. Macerata 5. Adria which gave the name to the neighbouring Sea 6. Narma 7. Humona 8. Loretto famous for the Pilgrimages made thither 3. The Dukedome of Spoleto is situate under the Appennine Hills The chief Cities are 1. Spoleto 2. Ovietto seated on a very high Rock where is a Church very lightsome and yet the Windows are made of Alabaster in stead of Glasse 3. Perugia 4. Asis In this Country is the Lake of Perugia thirty miles in compasse Near which Hanibal slew Flaminius with fifteen thousand of his Romane souldiers 4. St. Peters Patrimony containing Campagna di Roma formerly Latium and part of Hetruria The chief Cities are 1. Alba. 2. Ostia at the mouth of Tyber 3. Antrum 4. Tybur 5. Praenâ—ste 6. Ardea 7. Gabii 8. Veii a large and rich City 9. Tivolis 10. Rome seated on the River Tyber enlarged with the receit of two and forty Rivers and is distant
another being about twenty and five foot broad It was made of hard flinty stones hewen and laid so close together yet without any morter or claspes of Iron that it seemed all of onestone the stones were three four and five feet square nine hundred years after it was made the stones were not one whit dis-joynted or broken ever and anon on the sides were stones whereon persons might sit or lay their burdens or get on horseback and at every miles end high stones or pillars were raised whereon were engraven the number of the miles Likewise there were many Monuments on both sides with witty inscriptions or pretty inventions on them yeelding both matter of mirth and seriousness to the travellers There were fourteen saith Pliny twenty saith P. Victor Aquaeducts in Rome the chiefest of which was the Claudian began by Caligula and finished by Claudius so big as a man might ride on horseback in it brought forty miles to the City in a level through the Mountains and over the Vallies as high as the highest hill in the City seven millions and a half were spent in making it There were besides in the City one thousand three hundred fifty two Lakes or great receptacles of water for common use The Cloacae or common sewers were made by Tarquinius Priscus they were so wide that a Cart loaden with Hay might passe along them viz. sixteen foot wide and as many high There were seven chief armes from the seven hills besides several smaller from other parts which ran into the main Channel Notwithstanding all the weight of building upon them and several earthquakes they remained firm almost eight hundred years And at one time when they were out of repair there were a thousand talents spent in repairing of them There was an infinite number of Statues or Images in every part of the City costly for their matter and curious for their workmanship some Authors say that there were near as many of them as there were living people in the City some of them were of polished Marble infinite of brass some of Ivory some of Silver and some of Gold Domitian the Emperour commanded that no statues should bee made for him in the Capitol but such as were all of silver or all gold solid and not hollow each of them weighing at least an hundred pound weight Commodus the Emperor had a statue made for him of gold that weighed a thousand pound weight Together with a Bull and a Cow of the same mettal as if hee had been the founder of the City Hee had also in the Market-place a Pillar erected and his Statue made upon it of a thousand five hundred pounds weight of silver Their statues of brass were most of them guilt and so were many of their statues of silver Some of them were of a Colossaean bigness others mounted on horse-back and in several postures and habits For the preserving of all which from hurt there was one who was called Comes or an Earl whose office it was continually to walk up and down in the night attended with many souldiers that none might wrong them and besides it was death for any man to do it Lipsius de Mag. Rom. Imperii Rome was for her beauty and bravery called Aurea and Aeterna and the Romanes thought that the Monarchy of the World was tyed to them with chains of Adamant But God hath confuted their golden dreams by breaking their Empire and given up their City six several times in one hundred thirty and nine years space into the hands of Barbarians who exercised therein all kinde of cruelty besides it is observed that Rome since it became Papal was never besieged by any enemy but it was taken Sybil long since prophesied Tota eris in cineres quasi nunquam Roma fuisses The manner of the Romane Triumphs and particularly that of Palus Aemylius after the conquest of Perseus King of Macedon First the people having set up sundry scaffolds as well in the lists and field called Circos where the games and races of horses and Charrets used to bee as also about the Market-place and in all the streets through which the Triumph should pass they all presented themselves in their best gowns to see the magnificence and state thereof All the Temples of the Gods were set wide open hanged full of Garlands of flowers and all perfumed within Through all the quarters of the City were set many Sergeants and other officers with tipstaves to order the stragling people and to keep them from pestring the streets or hindring the triumph which lasted three dayes The first day was scant sufficient to see the passing by of the Images Tables Pictures and Statues of a wonderful bignesse all wonne and gotten of their enemies and now drawn upon two hundred and fifty Charrets The second day there were carried upon a great number of Carts all the fairest and richest Armor of the Macedonians as well of Copper as of Iron and Steele all glistering bright being newly furbished and artificially laid in order Fair Burganets upon Targets Habergions and Corslets upon greaves Round Targets of the Cretans and Javelins of the Thracians and arrows amongst the armed pikes All bound so trimly one to another that one hitting against another as they were drawn made such a sound and noise as was fearful to hear After these Carts there followed three thousand men which carried the ready mony in seven hundred and fifty Vessels which weighed about three Talents a peece each of them carried by four men Others carried great bowles cups and goblets of silver and other pots to drink in beautiful to behold as well for their bignesse as for the great and singular embossed work about them The third day early in the morning the Trumpets sounded the brave alarum they give at an assault after whom followed one hundred and twenty goodly fat Oxen with their horns guilt and garlands of flowers and nosegaies about their heads and by them went many young men with aprons of needle-work about their middles who led them to the Sacrifice and with them young boyes that carried goodly Basons of gold and silver to receive and sprinkle the blood of the Sacrifices about After these followed all those that carryed all coins of gold and Basons and Vessels each of them weighing three Talents Then was carryed the great holy cup which Aemylius had caused to bee made of massy gold set full of precious stones weighing ten Talents for an offering to the gods Next to them went they which carryed Plate made and wrought after Antick fashions and the admirable cups of the ancient Kings of Macedon as the cup called Antigonus and another Seleucus and to bee brief all the whole cup-broad of plate of gold and silver of King Perseus and next them came the Kings Charriot with his Armour and his royal Crown upon the same A little after followed the Kings Children whom they led prisoners with the train of their School Masters and