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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	low_a	part_n	upper_a	1,487	5	9.1326	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A64883	The anatomy of the body of man wherein is exactly described every part thereof in the same manner as it is commonly shewed in publick anatomies : and for the further help of yo[u]ng physitians and chyrurgions, there is added very many copper cuts ... / published in Latin by Joh. Veslingus ; and Englished by Nich. Culpeper.	Vesling, Johann, 1598-1649.; Culpeper, Nicholas, 1616-1654.	1653 (1653)	Wing V286; ESTC R23769	131,573	204

name they take their basis from the Os Pubis from which rising and growing more slender by degrees they admit their tendon into the white Line they are auxiliary to the right Muscles and compress the lower parts the more strongly the ends of the right Muscles Being fleshy and broad supply the defect of these But the four greater pairs which we mentioned bind in the Abdomen for the expulsion of excrements and also help the breast to avoid its flegm An use also may be given of each of them severally and no obscure one neither seing they cherish the heat of the Bowels and ad comliness to the part we might mention the two Lumbal Muscles here saur and quadratus but they more rightly belong to the Muscles of the back Amongst the containing parts of the Abdomen the last is the Peritonaeum a Membrane so called which compasseth the Bowels about neither doth it only compass them and keep them in but also by the consent of no small Authors investeth them with their common skin by reason of the variety of its Scituation it hath veins and arteries from the Phrenici the Muscles of the Loyns the Mammaries and Epigastricks it hath Nerves from the Vertebrae of the Breast and Loyns neither is this Membrana single for about the Reins Ureters and Bladder it is manifestly double the forepart of it is thinner it is thickest towards the back in both places it is strong also by affluxion of humors it sometimes swells to the thickness of the skin shewing a double tunicle every where by reason of the humors within being then alike in thickness to the Membranes which compass the bowels about The Peritonaeum passeth not only to the Gula of the Vessels above and beneath and such as outwardly compass about the child in the womb but also to the worm-like Ligaments of the womb Also in the Body of man its processes are considerable for it gives two tunicles in which the Spermatick Vessels and Testicles are wrapped It is joyned in many places both to the parts under it and the Muscles neer it to the Diaphragma and the upper Vertebrae of the Loyns from whence it is held to take its beginning Place here the Table of the first Chapter which hath the Number 1. at the corner of the brass Plate THE TABLE OF THE SECOND CHAPTER UNFOLDED This Table laies open the Bones of the Abdomen in seven Figures two others to wit the eighth and ninth shews the Muscles of the Abdomen The tenth gives you a cleer sight of the Parts the Peritonaeum being removed FIG I. Expresseth the five Vertebrae of the Loyns as they are observed on the fore part a a a a The Transverse Process FIG II. Laies open to your view the Vertebrae of the Loyns as are presented on the back Part. a The hole for the Marrow of the Back b b The transverse Process c c c c The oblique Process d The acute Process FIG III. Represents the internal face of the Os Coxae as it is united in such as are grown up A Os Ilium B B Os Coxendix C Os Pubis FIG IV. Demonstrates the external face of the Os Coxae A Os Ilium a a The Spine of the Os Ilium B Os Coxendix C C Os Pubis FIG V. Gives the internal view of the Os Sacrum divided into six parts a a a a The holes which give passage to the Nerves b The three parts of the Coccyx FIG VI. The same Bone externally to be seen a The hole for the Marrow of the Back b b b Lesser holes for Nerves c Os Coccyx FIG VII The Figure which deciphers the Os Coxa as it is observed to be distinct in Children A Os Ilium a little taken from the rest B B Os Coxendix C C Os Pubis a a The cleft distinguishing the Os Coxendix and Os Pubis The connexure of all the Bones of the Abdomen see in the Table to Chapter 17. FIG VIII A The Muscle of the Abdomen obliquely descending in which a a Are the toothed beginnings b b The Tendon sticking to the white Line E The Muscle of the Abdomen obliquely ascending in which c c c Its beginning d d A portion of its tendon which covers the right Muscle e e The right Muscle of the Abdomen FIG IX A The transverse Muscle loosed about the beginning in which a a a The beginning b b A portion of the Tendon B The right Muscle of the Abdomen in which c The Beginning d d d The Nervous inscriptions e The end C The back part of the other right Muscle in which d Shews the Vein and mammary Artery descending e The Epigastrick vein and artery ascending f The Anastomosis of the veins g g The Peritonaeum laid bare from the muscles D D The Pyramidal Muscles E E The Process of the Peritonaeum descending to the Cods FIG X. A Part of the Pectoral Muscle detected B The Sternum C The Stomach being something hid by the Liver D The Liver E The Omentum in its Scituation b A portion which sticketh to the Liver c c A portion which is knit to the bottom of the Stomach d d d The remainder of the Omentum as it lies upon the Bowels F F The Bowels in their scituation G The Navil Vein H The Ligament of the Bladder composed of the Urachos and the two Navil arteries I The bottom of the Bladder a a a a The Peritonaeum divided CHAP. 3. Of the Omentum Stomach and Guts HItherto of the external part of the Abdomen we come now to the internal parts of which some perform the office of publick digestion others the labor of begetting and conceiving the Child Those dedicated to publick digestion are the Stomach Sweet-bread Liver and Spleen Subservient to these are the Guts Omentum Gall Reins and Bladder The Vessels which respect the Generation are the Spermatick Vessels of both Sexes the Privities of Men the Womb of Women of which we shall speak severally as they come to Anatomical view The first of the internal parts that comes to view is the Omentum which the Ancients called Epiploon it is a double Membrane filled with fat which is joyned to the Stomach about the bottom and spread over the Guts that it may cherish those bloodless parts by its gentle heat Authors deduce its inferior wing immediately from the Peritonaeum its superior from the common tunicle of the Stomach it hath Veins from the Vena porta and the superiour wing hath the Gastroepiploica both right and left which are common to the stomach also the inferior wing hath the right Epiploica and the Postica Its Arteries are derived from the Coeliacal branch and the Mesenteriack Its Nerves are few and smal and come from the plexure of the sixt pair of the costal Nerves and all this is that it might not be destitute of nourishment life and sence It hath Glandulae scattered here and there sometimes more sometimes fewer which like

arise from the Arytenois in what part it is joyned to the Ring-like Cartilage it ends in the Arytenois the extremities of them so meeting together that they seem to be but one Muscle by this pair whilst the Basis of the Arytenois is obliquely moved and drawn together the chink also of the Larynx is shut The third pair is called Cricoarytenoides posticum for they arise from the Cricois or Ring-like Cartilage from its broad back and are inserted below into the Aritaenois by a short and Nervous tendon which whilst they move backwards and outwards they open the passage of the Larynx The fourth pair is called Cricoarytaenoides Lateralis because they arise from the back side of the Ring-like Cartilage and end in the Arytaenois and dilate the passage of the Larynx The fifth Cartilage is called Epiglottis or that which covers the Chink least the meat and drink should passe down the Wind-pipe and yet it shuts not so close but thin humors which passe down gently may passe that way It is softer than the rest of the Cartilages and in form is like an Ivy leafe the larger the Larynx is the larger is the Glottis and as that is larger so the Voyce is stronge and graver The lesser dryer and narrower the Larynx is the weaker and shriller is the Voyce The Os Hyoides called also Ypsiloides is placed about the Basis of the Tongue both for its safeguard and also for its motion it consists of three Bones which being joyned together represent the form of the Greek letter Vpsilon of these the middlemost is largest broad and something hollow to which the other are joyned like Horn many Cartilaginous appendices are joyned to these which sometimes also grow Bony of which two are very freequent in form and bigness like a grain of Wheat and placed about the middle Bone which is called the Basis of the Hyois two others stick to the lateral Bones which are called Horns and are knit to that Nervous Ligament of the Bodkin-like apendix in what form they are often seen in the Body of Man the eleventh and twelth Figure of the following Table will declare The Os Hyois is removed by five pair of Muscles of these that which moveth it down right ariseth from the top of the Sternum and ascends to the Basis of the Hyois and is called Sterno Hyoides another pair moves it obliquely downwards which ariseth from the superior side of the Scapula besides the processe called Coracois and consisting of a Nervous Body is carried to the sides of the Os Hyois and is called Coraco Hyoides The third pair which draws it obliquely upwards ariseth from the extremity of the Bodkin-like apendix with a round Body and is stretched to the Horns of the Hyois and is called Stylocerato Hyoides The fourth pair which draws it directly upwards ariseth from the internal and lower part of the Chin and passeth to the Bones of the Hyois and is called Geniohyoides to these we add a fift pair which are commonly attributed to the tongue and are called Genioglossum which arise inwardly from the Chin under the former and end in the Basis of the Hyois drawing it upwards although in respect of the former they might more rightly be called the internal Geniohyoides The Os Hyois is joyned to the Bodkin-like apendix and to the Buckler-like Cartilage especially to the Tongue for the reasons mentioned before and receives the Epiglottis in its Cavity Also the Tongue is the framer of Speech and a great help to the swallowing of the Meat and preparing it for the Stomach It is of a fleshy substance soft and rare covered with a thin Skin and full of pores It hath two veins from the external Jugulars which are called R●ninae and as many Arteries from the Carotides It hath two pair of Nerves of which the smallest comes from the fourth conjugalation and is carried to the exterior part of the Tongue but the greater which goes to the interior part of it comes from the seventh conjugalation The Tongue is moved both by the Muscles of the Hyois and also by its own proper Muscles which are four pair the first which is genuin to the Tongue lifts it up and ariseth from the Bodkin-like apendix and is inserted about the middle of it and called Styloglossus another pair ariseth from the Basis of the Os Hyois and depresseth the Tongue this also ends about the middle of the Tongue and is called Basioglossus The third pair moves the Tongue to the Sides and arise from the Horns of the Hyois and is joyned to the sides of the Tongue and for that cause called Ceratoglossus to these are added a fourth pair of Muscles arising from the hinder grinders and are called Myloglossus this is not immediatly inserted into the Tongue but into its Ligament and is supposed to turn the Tongue upward The Tongue of man hath a mean habit divided upon a Line along the length of it In respect of the harmony of manifest quallities it is temperate If it be colder or moister it is by accident It is joyned to the parts under it by a strong and Membranous Ligament the extremity of which makes a bridle the rest of it is joyned to the Os Hyois and Larinx At the root of the Tongue are two Glandula which the Greeks call Antiades and Paristhmia but the Latins Tonsillae a fleshy and loose substance compasseth them about from the pallat which as it receiveth them in its Cavity so it takes a moist excrement from them There are other Glandulae under the Chin between the Hyois and the Muscles of the Tongue as also behind which are called Parotides the common use of them is to receive the superfluous moisture and to moisten the parts adjacent to them Neer the Epiglottis from the extremity of the pallat is a Pendulous Fungous Red piece of flesh produced which Authors call Gargareon and Vvula It is moved by two pair of Muscles of which the external takes its original from the top of the Wedge-like Bone neer the joynt of the Maxilla and passing with his tendon by the Chink of that Bone it is inserted into the sides of the Gargareon which moves it forwards when the Tongue is depressed the other or internal pair begins a little higher from the top of the Bone of the Temples which looks to the internal wing of the Wedge-like Bone and descends with a fleshy and round Body into the middle of the Vvula both of them conduce to the easy descending of the nourishment the pleasantness of the Voyce and the preparation of the air which is drawn into the Breast Moreover the Neck is an apendix to the middle Ventricle and is long for the better ordering the Voyce the hinder part of which is called Cervix it hath both the common coverings of the Body and vessels as Veins Arteries and Nerves also Vertebrae and Muscles of its own Its Vertebrae are seven of which the Spinae Bifidae and the

Nerve passeth from the third pair The fift together with its fellow makes up the Nose The sixt with its fellow makes up the extremity of the Pallat and all these are joyned rather by Harmonia than Sutures This Jaw is accounted movable in the Crocodile by the Ancients not distinguishing his small Skull from his huge Jaw with which it is lifted up when he moves his Jaw his Body being neer the Earth by reason of the shortness of his feet for what Bones soever make the superior Jaw in Crocodiles either of the Land or Water are firmly joyned to the Skull by Harmonia neither is it otherwise in Serpents and Fishes in all which is the nexure of Bones neither are there any Muscles properly moving the superior Jaw The inferior Jaw in age is but one Bone famous both in hardness thickness and strength It hath two Processes the one acute called Corone the other obtuse called Condylus It hath holes for the Teeth as the superior Jaw hath In the internal Superficies it hath two holes for the beginnings of the aforesaid processes by which a Branch of the Nerve of the fourth Conjugation is admitted to be distributed to the Teeth In the external Superficies it hath also two by which the same Branch passeth forwards to the lips their Muscles and Skin Lastly by its thicker Process it is joyned to the rocky Bone a Membranous Ligament being between The Jaws are singularly armed with the Teeth which are small Bones and serve not only the chew the meat but also by resisting the refluxion of the air they help the better to pronounce the words each Tooth receives an Artery from the Carotides small veins from the Jugulars and Nerves from the Branch of the fourth pair by which the Periostion which covers the Roots of them and also the Teeth themselves are exquisite in sence In Women there are fourteen in Men fifteen and often sixteen in one Jaw in Men they are of a mean bigness and differ partly in figure partly in office for some are sharp which are called the Dog-Teeth others although they are acute yet they have broader extremities than the Dog-Teeth and are called Cutters others are called Grinders the furthermost of which come forth either in Man-hood or old age and are called the Teeth of wisdom the Cutters are four placed before and are the first that appear in Children on both sides of which is a Dog-Tooth added which are called Eye-Teeth the rest of the Jaw the Grinders occupy which are large broad and something unequal they are placed in the holes of the Jaws either with three or four roots or with but one as the Cutters and Dog-Teeth their juncture the Ancients call Gomphosis The Muscles which move these parts of the Head remain yet to be spoken of to wit the Forehead Eye-lids Nose Ears Lips and Jaws On each side of the Forehead is one which descending from its middle region is ended in the Eye-brows which lifteth it up and wrinkles it Two Muscles shut the Eye-lids which by a semicircular Production being extended from the internal angles to the external shut them and yet they are more properly one Muscle than two to these they ad the Ciliar Muscle which compassing the brims causeth the more exquisite shutting A singular Muscle opens the Eye-lids of which in the Fifteen Chapter The Muscles on each side lift up and diduce the Muscles of the Nostrils of which the first is like a Triangle and descends from the top of the Nose by the sides even to the wing the other ariseth from the Bone of the Jaw neer it and ends partly in the exterior wing of the Nose and partly in the upper part of the Lip thereby moving and lifting both of them up Two slender Muscles dilate the wing of the Nose which run Transversly by the top of the Nose to these within the wing are two Muscles opposed which are like them in bigness produced from the extremities of the Bones of the Nose and opened in each of its wings which gently bind to the Nose although the orbicular Muscles of the Lips help forward and finish this office The Muscles common to both Checks and Lips are called both the Quadrati and Buccinator Galen calls the Quadratus a Musculous expansion for indeed it is a Membrane placed under the fat but hath an oblique contexture of fleshy fibrae its beginning is broad from the Sternum Clavicula Neck and Shoulder it ends in the Chin where sticking to the inferior Jaw it draws it and the parts adjoyning to it downwards the other is called Buccinator because it swels up in such as blow the Trumpet It takes its original from the Gums of the upper Jaw and being compassed within with the common Tunicle of the mouth it ends in the inferior Jaw and makes the inward hollowness of the Cheek Properly five pair of Muscles are subservient to the Lips of which the first lifts up the upper Lip Its beginning is from the upper Jaw where the Cavity of the Cheek is and being compassed about with much fat it descends to the upper Lip neer this from the very same Jaw ariseth another pair thin and broad which being inserted into the Lip moves it upwards The third pair is fleshy and round arising from the Os Jugale and passing obliquely by the Cheeks ends in the confines of both Lips and draws them upwards to the sides The fourth pair riseth a little lower neer the sides of the inferior Jaw and from a broad beginning by an oblique Process becomes slender which draw the inferior Lip downwards being inserted into the sides of it neer the end The fift pair which is most conspicuous in fleshy Bodies ariseth about the middle of the Chin and ascendeth with right strings to the nether Lip and depresseth it To these the binder together of the Lips is to be added which their soft and spongy substance makes which consists of fibrae turned in an Orb like a Sphincter As for the Muscles of the Ears we shall speak of them when we speak of the Ears themselves amongst which are those called Occipitals The motion of the inferior Jaw is very strong and moved by strong Muscles which are in number also five pair the first pair is called Crotaphites or Temporals because being covered with the Pericranium they arise with a thin and broad beginning about the fore part of the Head and Bone of the Temples the neerer it comes to the Os Jugale the thicker it is under which descending it ends in the acute process of the inferior Jaw with a short yet strong Tendon this draws it upwards It s fibrae the more they recede from the middle the more they pass obliquely toward the Tendon wounds hapning in this pair of Muscles are not equally alike dangerous for in its superior region being wounded by oblique stroaks the hurt avoids death in which place when by a fall the bone of the Temple is crackt the