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A64097
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Phocæna, or The anatomy of a porpess dissected at Gresham Colledge: with a præliminary discourse concerning anatomy, and a natural history of animals.
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Tyson, Edward, 1650-1708.
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1680
(1680)
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Wing T3599; ESTC R219838
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35,108
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60
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‖ Tab. 1. Fig. 2. d. Sternum here was one entire bone four Inches and ½ long about three and ½ broad at the upper end but towards the lower part it was but one Inch. It had no Cartilago ensiâ— or sâ—utiformis that I observed At the broad end 't was somewhat depressed and in the middle had a perforation both which I suppose were for the better adhesion of Muscles Dan. Major not taking notice of this describes part of the os Hyuides for the os Sterni as is mentioned before 'T is before remarked how much the Fore-sins resembled an Arm consisting of Bones and Cartilages curiously articulated together The Os * Tab. 2. Fig. 11. A. Humeri or Brachii was about one Inch and ¼ long The †B. Radius and ‖ C. Vlna about two Inches but the Radius towards the Carpe was an Inch broad The * d d. Carpus seemed to consist of five pretty large roundish bones joyned by Cartilages and two oblong ones that seemed the Epiphyses of the Radius and Vlna After this 't was divided into five fingers but the Thumb and little finger were very short The fore-finger was the longest then the middle singer and so the third These three last mentioned singers had the bones of the ‖ e e e. Metacarpus The sore singer had five †f f f. Articuli or Joynts and so the middle finger but the third had but three Between the bones of each Articulus there were very large Cartilages that seemed double one belonging to the extreams of each bone Major hath given a figure of the whole Arm or Fin (n) Bartholin Cent. 2. Hist Auat 11. Bartholine hath a like picture of the hand of a Syren and such an one there is likewise in Septalius his Musaeum as there is also kept in the Anatomy School at Oxon. The * Tab. 2. Fig. x. Q. Scapula to which was fastened the Os Humeri was pretty large much of the usual figure of that of Whales which is commonly made use of for Signs It wanted the Spine and had two large ‖ Fig. x. rr processes which is best understood by the Cut as 't is well represented by Dan. Major As to the Myology we have little to add not having had leasure to prosecute that in this subject however I shall observe that the Musculus Psoas was very large lying on each side the Spine and having one extream inserted in the Thorax and the other by strong tendons in the Tayle Likewise on the Back between the Spinal and transverse Processes there did lye two very thick Muscles rising from the os Occipitis and terminating with a multitude of tendons in the Tayle but sending tendons all along to the Spinal vertebrae c. These Muscles doubtless contribute very much to their swift and nimble motion which as it hath been observed by many so is elegantly expressed by Ovid where he saith Vndique dant saltus multâque aspergine rorant Emergúntque iterum redeúntque sub aequora rursus Inque Chori ludunt speciem lasciváque jactant Corpora acceptum patulis mare naribus efflant FINIS Tabula 1.ma TAB 2 da THE Explication of the Figures Tabula 1. Figura 1. HEre is given the lateral prospect of this Fish drawn from the life and more exact than those figures of Bellonius Rondeletius Jonston Jo. Dan. Major or any I have yet seen We may here observe the shape of the Body its Color and Spottings the site and proportion of its Fins and Tayle the Eyes the Mouth the Spiraculum or Spout and at a the Rima of the Teats and at bb that of the Pudendum Fig. 2. In the second figure is represented the Fish opened and the Viscera of the Abdomen taken out AAAA The Skin and Fat BB. The Os Hyoides which is mistaken by Dan. Major for the Os Sterni C. The Thymus d. The Sternum eeee The Ribs f. The Diaphragme G G. On the left side are represented several tendinous fibres of the Musculus Psoas and Diaphragme H. On the right side are shewn the curious Anastomoses of bloud-vessels of the Membrane investing the Musculus Psoas Fig. 3. In this figure is shewn the Tongue the Larynx and Lungs A. The Tongue which is thick and serrated at the edges aa Small Papillae or Eminences at the root of the Tongue B. The Larynx which is very protuberating C C. The two Lobes of the Lungs D. The Gula or Oesophagus E. The Great Arterie or Arteria Aorta Fig. 4. Represents the Mouth of the Larynx opened a. The Rimula Fig. 5. This figure represents the Larynx and its several Cartilages more distinct A. The Cartilago Annularis or Cricoides B. The Cartilago Scutiformis or Thyroides C C. The Cartilago Arytainoides DDD The Epiglottis Fig. 6. In this figure the three Ventricles or Stomachs which are opened to shew their inward Tunicles as also the Pancreas and part of the Omentum are represented A. The inside of the first Stomach B. Several large Rugae or Plicae placed about the Passage from the first stomach to the second C. The second stomach D. The Passage out of the second stomach into the third EE The third stomach f. The Pylorus g. Part of the Duodenum H. The Pancreas i. The entrance of the Ductus Pancreaticus K. One of those Glandulous bodies which is supposed to be the Spleen L. Part of the Omentum fastened to the stomach m m m m. Large bloud-vessels curiously ramified in the Omentum nnn Curious small fibres filling up the Interstices of the bloud-vessels and rendring the whole structure of the Omentum reticular Tabula 2. Fig. 1. THis figure does represent the several tendinous sibres of the Abdominal Muscles which running in various Manipuli and being curiously interwoven do make the Linea alba which is here very broad Fig. 2. Here is shewn the figure of the Liver A. That part which was in the right Hypochonder B. That in the left CC. The Ligamentum Sufpensorium d. The Vena Umbilicalis Fig. 3. The Glandulae Renales the Kidneys Vreters and Bladder and the various Organs of Generation belonging to the females are delineated in this figure A. The vena Cava BB. The Glandulae Renales or Capsulae Atrabilares CC. The two Kidneys which consist of abundance of small Kidneys conglomerated together dd The Vreters E E. The Bladder or Vesica Urinaria f f. The two Arteriae Umbilicales G. The Pudendum h. The Clitoris according to Dan. Major ii The two Teats K. The Anus L. The Uterus or Womb. NN. The Cornua Uteri oo The Tubi Fallopiani Pp. The Ovaria or Testiculi QQ Mascular sibres that run to the Cornua Uteri SSS Numerous Ramifications of bloud-vessels that run to the Cornua Uteri the Ovaria c. TT The Alae Uteri VV. Part of the Peritonxum Fig. 4. Represents a single Kidney or one of those Glands cut in two one part hath a protuberance in the middle the other a cavity or hollow Fig. 5. Represents the inside of the Glandula Renalis out hortontally Fig. 6. The figure of the Heart almost in its natural bigness wherein may be seen the division of the Cone the Auricles the Arteria Pulmonalis Aorta c. Fig. 7. Is a delineation of part of those bloud-vessels which compose that supposed Glandulous Body that lyes on each side the Spine in the Thorax or Breast Fig. 8. Are represented various parts belonging to the Fistula or Spout on the head A. The slit in the Skin or outward Orifice of the sistula which in its natural site was placed over BB. The foramina of the Nares CC. Two Valves or Protuberances of the skin which cover part of the foramina DD. The first pair of Bags E. The common passage into the first pair of bags FF The second pair of bags GG Two Glands contained within the second pair of bags Fig. 9. Does only represent the figure of the Slit or Orifice of the fistula or spiraculum in the Skin and the first pair of bags A. The Slit or Orifice of the Spout or fistula BB. The first pair of bags Fig. 10. The Explication of the Skeleton A. The upper Maxilla or Rostrum aa The two holes of the fistula or Spout B. Several protuberances on the Os Frontis cc. Two pyramidal processes of two bones that compose part of the Spiraculum or Spout d. One of the outward bones of the Rostrum e. One of the inward bones of the Rostrum f. The os Zygomaticum g. A large eminence in the Cranium and the sutura Coronalis h. The sutura Lambdoidea i. The Teeth K. The lower Jaw m. The transverse process of the first vertebra of the neck call'd Atlas n. The Spinal process of the same Vertebra ooo The Spinal processes of the other Vertebrae pp. Processes opposite to the Spinal processes consisting of two small bones arising from the Cartilages that joyn the Vertebrae together Q. The Scapula The bones of the fin are represented in the next figure rr Two processes of the scapula SSS The Ribs T. The Sternum Fig. 11. The Bones that compose the fore-fin are here delineated A. The os Humeri B. The Radius C. The Ulna dd The Bones of the Carpus eee The Bones of the Metacarpe fff The Bones of the Digiti Fig. 12. Represents the Anterior part of the os Petrosum or Ear-bone a. The Hollow leading to the Tympanum B. The Tympanum C. The part of the Ear-bone that lyes in the Cranium D. That part which is without Fig. 13. Represents the posterior part of the os Petrosum or Ear-bone which here seems to be two bones aa That part of the Ear-bone that represents a Cochlea B. A Cavity for receiving the Auditory Nerve C. A large Hollow that leads into the Cavity of the Ear and seems to render it two bones dd That part of the Ear-bone which is very thick and solid FINIS
't was about three inches in length above this the Intestine was of the same make as elsewhere About an Inch and ½ from the Anus under this Pellicle I took notice of a pretty large glandulous body that empties it self by several ductus's that perforate this Pellicle into the Cavity of the Intestine The Ostia of some of them were pretty large of others but small yet would easily admit a bristle into them The Anus is placed a little below the Pudendum it had its Sphincter Muscle by the falling of the skin in several Rugae 't was so closed that no water could get in The Mosentery in respect of the length of the Intestines was but small yet had numerous Meseraic vessels branched as in other Brutes The Pancreas Asellii was large consisting of abundance of Glands and seated in a somewhat semilunar figure From the Pancreas Asellii running towards the Receptaculum we observed several Venae lactcae pretty large as likewise some smaller ones coming from the Intestines to the Pancreas The †Tab. 2. Fig. 2. Liver is pretty large not divided into Lobes as Mr. Ray does affirm but as in a Humane Body one intire viscus It lyes under the Diaphragme the greatest * A. portion of it in the right Hypochonder and the ‖ B. lesser in the left It is in length 10 inches in the broadest part about 6 and ½ but in the middle where it has the †C C. Ligamentum suspensorium about 4. It is about 2 inches thick it weighed ℥ xxvii ½ It s Colour was of a florid red Bartholine observed it 〈◊〉 The Ramifications of the sanguinary vessels in it are very large and numerous It had no vesicula fellea or Gall bag as hath been likewise observed by former Writers The * d. vena Vmbilicalis had its passage yet open The figure of the Liver is best understood by the Cut. The ‖ Tab. 2. Fig. 3. cc. Kidneys were a very pleasant sight consisting of abundance of distinct Glands separated by their proper Membranes from one another but all included in one common Tunicle as they are in a Bear a Calf an Otter and some other Animals Each Kidney is in length about 5 Inches about 2 and ½ in breadth and in the thickest part somewhat more than an Inch. Each Gland was about the bigness of a large Pea. At the outward furface for the most part they seemed Sexangular or Pentangular a double order of them composed the body of the Kidney and they were in all about 150 or more in each Each Gland seemed a distinct * Tab. 2. Fig. 4. Kidney for opening several of them I observed a Glandulous or Cortical part which was the outwardmost and was of a red Colour Inwards there was a somewhat whiter substance that resembled a Papilla being larger at its basis and rising by degrees to a point which I conceive to be made up of the urinary Tubuli which conveys the Urine into the Pelvis or Cavity that is in each of them after 't is separated by the Cortical part The Vena †Tab. 2. Fig. 3. A. Cava was large and did run along upon the Spine between the two Kidneys Towards the upper part of the Kidneys it sent forth the Emulgents which are presently ramified sending a branch to each Gland Under the Cava as also under the emulgent veins in the Kidneys the Arteria Aorta runs and is branched accordingly There was no common Pelvis belonging to the Kidneys but a distinct one in each single Gland From every Gland there did arise a peculiar Vreter but all at length uniting in one common trunk it did emerge out of the body of the Kidney towards the lower end as is represented in the ‖ Tab. 2. Fig. 3. dd figure and afterwards it was inserted into the neck of the bladder The * Tab. 2. Fig. 3. BB. Glandulae Renales were of a triangular figure about an Inch in Diameter They seemed to consist of a Glandulous membrane which being folded up into several †Tab. 2. Fig. 5. Plicae between them there was a small Cavity which yet was not so large or entire as is in some other Animals The ‖ Tab. 2. Fig. 3. EE Vesica Vrinaria or Bladder was placed between the Duplicature of the Peritonaeum as hath been related 'T was of a Conical figure five Inches long and one broad a little below its neck and so arising to a point at its fundus being blown into it seemed not capable of much extension Of each side it there ran the two * ff Arteriae Vmbilicales as in Quadrupeds The Ureters were inserted just below the neck and having opened the Bladder we could easily perceive their Ostia and probe into them from the bladder The neck of the bladder is very strait and runs along the sides of the Vterus and empties its self just at the bottom or rime of the Pudendum having a protuberant body lying over its Orifice which Dan. Major calls the †h. Clitoris which is made up of strong fibres almost Cartilagineous This leads me to the Examination of the Organs of Generation in this Animal which no less than the other parts did extremely imitate those of Quadrupeds and even in the whole dissection I could easilier imagine I was cutting up a Dog a Swine a Calf or any other terrestrial Brute than an inhabitant of the watery Element Our subject was a Female and here we shall take notice of the Vasa praeparantia Ovaria Tubi Fallopiani the Vterus the Pudendum and Vbera I shall begin with the ‖ Tab. 2. Fig. 3. L. Vterus which was about five inches in length and had two large * N N. Cornua as in multiparous Animals each about four inches long The Cornua were fastened to the Peritonaeum and had membranous †T T. Alae fastened to the same also All along the inside of the Cornua we observed to run a Manipulus of ‖ RRR muscular fibres which expanding themselves at length into two originations were inserted into the Peritonaeum at the sides a little below the Diaphragme Arising also from the Ovaria and extreams of the Tubi Fallopiani there were other * QQ fibres that inserted themselves likewise into the Peritonaeum Both these fibres may serve to regulate the motion of these Parts either for the conveighing the Eggs from the Ovarium to the Tubus or the excluding the foetus from the Cornua into the Vterus Having opened the Vterus I could easily observe a distinction of a Vagina an Os Vtert internum and fundus The Vagina was pretty large had several Rugae or Plicae but towards the fundus these Plicae cross-wayes were so very large and over-folding that they seemed almost wholly to occlude the Passage or at least to render it very difficult to probe and made a very strict Ostium This part in the inside had striae or sibrae