Selected quad for the lemma: end_n
Text snippets containing the quad
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A41559
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Geography anatomiz'd, or, The compleat geographical grammar being a short and exact analysis of the whole body of modern geography after a new and curious method / collected from the best authors and illustrated with divers maps by Pat. Gordon ...
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Gordon, Patrick, fl. 1700.
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1699
(1699)
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Wing G1288; ESTC R15742
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267,427
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492
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divideth the Globe into two equal Parts term'd the Upper and the Lower Hemispheres It 's so call'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Terminans vel siniens quia nostrum terminat prospectum it being the outmost bounds or limits of our Sight when situated in any Plain or at Sea This Circle is twofold viz. The Sensible and the Rational Horizon The Sensible is that already describ'd bounding the outmost prospect of the Eye when viewing the Heavens round from any part of the Surface of the Earth but the other is purely form'd in the Mind and supposeth the Eye to be placed in the very Center of the Earth beholding the intire Upper Hemisphere of the Firmament The Circle terminating such a prospect is reckon'd the true Rational Horizon which is duly represented by that broad woodden Circle usually fitted for all Globes Upon which are inscrib'd several other Circles particularly those two containing the Names of the Months and Number of their Days according to the Julian and Gregorian Account as also that other divided into the Thirty two Points of the Compass Def. 6. The Meridian is that great Circle which passing through the Two Poles divideth the Globe into two equal Parts term'd the Eastern and Western Hemispheres It 's so call'd from Meridies vel medius dies because the Sun coming to the Meridian of any Place is due South or maketh Mid-day in the said place The Meridian here defin'd is that great brazen Circle in which the Globe turneth round upon the two Extremities of its Axis passing through the said Circle but the Meridians inscrib'd on the Globe it self are those Thirty six Semi-circles terminating in both the Poles besides which we may imagine as many as we please only note That one of those Meridians is always reckon'd the first however it 's matter of indifference which of them we take for such Def. 7. The Equator or Equinoctial is that great Circle which divideth the Globe into two equal Parts call'd the Southern and Northern Hemispheres It 's call'd Equator because the Sun coming to this Circle tune aequantur noctes dies or Equinoctial for the same reason viz. aequalitas noctium cum diebus By others it 's simply term'd the Line 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and that chiefly by Navigators as being of singular use in their Operations It 's divided into 360 degrees which are reckon'd round the Globe beginning at the first Meridian and proceeding Eastward Def. 8. The Zodiack is that great broad Circle which cutteth the Equinoctial Line obliquely one side thereof extending it self exactly so far North as the other doth to the South of the said Line It 's so call'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Animal because it 's adorn'd with Twelve Asterisms commonly term'd the Twelve Signs being most of them Representations of divers Animals The Names and Characters of which Signs are these following Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo. Virgo ♈ ♉ ♊ ♋ ♌ ♠Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricornus Aquarius Pisces ♎ ♠♠♑ ♒ ♓ Of all Circles inscrib'd on either of the Globes this alone admits of Latitude and is divided in the middle by a Concentrick Circle term'd the Ecliptick which properly is that Circle set upon the Globe comprehending the Characters of the Twelve Signs above-mentioned each of which Signs is 1 12 part of that Circle and contains 30 degrees Def. 9. The Tropicks are the two biggest of the four lesser Circles which run parallel to the Equator and are equidistant therefrom They 're term'd Tropicks from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 verto because the Sun in his Annual Course arriving at one of those Circles doth return towards the other They derive their respective Denominations of Cancer and Capricorn from touching the Zodiack at the two Signs of that Name and each of them is distant from the Equator exactly 23 degr 1 2. Def. 10. The Polar Circles are the two least of the four Lesser Circles running parallel to the Equator and at the same distance from the Poles as the Tropicks are from the Equator They 're term'd Polar because of their Vicinity to the Poles That Circle nearest the North is call'd the Arctick and the other next to the South Pole the Antarctick Polar Circle and that for the same reason already given Def. 4. when treating of the Poles themselves These are the eight necessary Circles above-mention'd but to compleat the Furniture of the Globe there remain as yet three Particulars viz. the Horary Circle the Quadrant of Altitude and Semi-Circle of Position Def. 11. The Horary Circle is a small Circle of Brass and so affixt to the Brazen Meridian that the Pole or end of the Axis proves its Center Upon this Circle are inscrib'd the Twenty four Hours of the Natural Day at equal distance from one another the Twelfth for Mid-day being in the upper part towards the Zenith and the other Twelfth for Midnight in the lower towards the Horizon so that the Hours before Noon are in the Eastern and those for the Afternoon in the Western Semi-Circle As for an Index to this Horary Circle the same is fixt upon the end of the Axis and turneth round with the Globe The Use of this Circle and Index will sufficiently appear in many pleasant Problems hereafter mention'd Def. 12. The Quadrant of Altitude is a narrow thin Plate of pliable Brass exactly answerable to a fourth part of the Equinoctial Upon this Quadrant are inscrib'd 90 Degrees each of them being according to the same Scale with those upon the Equator How useful this Quadrant is will also appear in the Solution of several Problems hereafter mention'd Def. 13. The Semi-Circle of Position is a narrow solid Plate of Brass exactly answerable to one half of the Equinoctial Upon this Semi-Circle are inscrib'd 180 Degrees exactly the same with those upon the Equinoctial We may term it a double Quadrant of Altitude in some respect and it s of considerable Use in several delightful Problems To these I might add the Mariners Compass that most necessary Instrument commonly us'd by Navigators which being duly toucht with the Load-stone and horizontally fixt upon the Pedestal of the Globe is frequently needful for the right Solution of several Problems The necessary Circles of the Globe being Eight as aforesaid Of them and some others hereafter mention'd are form'd the Latitude and Longitude of Places as also Zones and Climates Def. 14. Latitude is the distance from the Equator to either of the Poles and measured upon the brazen or first Meridian No Term is more frequently us'd in Geography than that of Latitude which is twofold viz. North and South In reckoning of the Northern Latitude you are to begin at the Equinoctial Line and proceed to the Arctick and the Southern from the Equinoctial to the Antarctick Pole still numbring the Degrees of Latitude either upon the brazen or first Meridian The many Circles inscrib'd on the Globe at the distance of 10 Degrees from one another