â—ye-brows into which they are implanted and to whose motion they serve since they were not designed for the corrugation of the Forehead but the elevation of the Eye-brows for if they are reckoned among the Muscles of the Head that are seated in another part only because they administer unto the actions of the Head why should not then these also for the same reason although seated in the Forehead be called the Muscles of the Eye-brows This motion of the Eye-brows Riolanus brings together with Dissection to prove that the fibres of the Forehead are not oblique stretched out from the top of the Nose towards the Temples as Columbus will have them nor that the wrinkles of the skin might obteine a transverse situation but are carried right downwards as pleaseth Galen to whom Vesalius and Fallopius yield their suffrage These Muscles if they remaine in the middle figure as Anatomists speake wherein they do perpetually persist unlesse when at pleasure and our arbitriment they are removed they deteine the Eye-brows in their native posture and situation whose use of what decency and importance it is appeares in those who by the unskilfulnesse of Chirurgions and a transverse Dissection of the fibres of these Muscles have been deprived of the use of these significations of the Mind and have had their Eye-brows too much humbled that they have fallen about their eyes These Muscles from this action might be called Musculi Admirationis the Muscles of Wonder or Admiration And because the Occipitiall Muscles in them that have them assist as the paire of the Forehead to draw the skin and Eye-brows upward in these significations of the Mind they may be called for distinction sake Musculi sublimes Arrogantiae 〈◊〉 Contemptuosae gravitatis The Lofty Muscles or the Muscles of Aâ—rogance the Threatners and the Muscles of disdainefull gravity Memb. IV. Of the Muscleâ— appointed to the Eye-lids for the expediting certaine significant motions of the Mind THe Eye-lids which are light most 〈◊〉 and soft are fitted for a most agile and prompt motion and to exhibit many significations of the Mind yet some have thought the lower Lid immoveable and so by consequence not capable of expressing a voluntary motion of the Mind of which opinion was Galen who expostulates with Nature why the lower Eye-lid should not participate with the upper in points of voluntary motion Since it was ordained for the same end and hath a place no lesse accommodated for the receiving of Muscles Nature seemes here as he confesseth unjust when she might have divided it equally between them yet she would gratifie the upper with the whole priviledge of motion and not only unjust in that but in making the lower Eye-lid lesse than the upper which as other parts should have been equall yet for that he applauds the artifice but his inference from thence which he saies is perspicuous that it needed no motion there he failes the Reason of his Doubt he there shews upon an experiment of observation and it seemes to him to need animadversion and if he had hit on the right he promiseth to declare his mind in that Book of Doubtfull motions he intended to write Here saith he it is sufficient to say that the subtlety of Nature is such that many Great men having sought to find it out yet have not attained unto the full knowledge of it Vesalius in this follows Galen Archangelus saies the lower Eye-lids stand immovable or immovable of themselves unlesse they are stirred up by the motion of the Genae Weker sayes they seeme to partake of no motion there being no Muscle allowed unto them to endue them with any instinct of action Laurentius conceives all the motion and so consequently the signification to be performed by the upper Eye-lid Some say that it is after a manner moveable Indeed the motion of the lower Lid it being lesse is very small and obscure yet not so saith Riolanus but every man may deprehend it in himself the other being greater hath a more evident motion Bauhinus saies both the Eye-lids move as is evident to sense Paraeus saies there is no difference between the lower and the upper Eye-lid than that the upper brings forth a more open and manifest motion the lower a more obscurer otherwise Nature had in vain compassed it about with the substance of a Muscle which late Anatomists have found out And indeed the Cause of their motion is very admirable for it altogether imported them to be endued with a voluntary motion else there were no use for them But to all voluntary motions Nature hath provided certaine Instruments which we call Muscles which move the particles into which they are inserted for since we can move them quicker or slower oftner or seldomer or altogether refraine their motion and againe excite them to motion is not he deceived who saies their actions are naturall and besides our Will And in vaine were they given us unlesse we could use them at pleasure and to some signification of the Mind The Muscles that are designed for the significant motions of the Eye-lids are three one right and two semi-circular Dissect XIII IMpudence Contempt and simple Admiration cause the Eyes to stare and require an open Eye which action proceeding from these intensions of the Mind is intense and Tonique or strained into an extreme figure Paraeus will allow no peculiar Muscle for any such signification of the Mind But the Broad Muscle performes all and by its porrection it may serve to open the Eye who having by an exact Anatomicall administration of that Muscle shewn how it mingles it self with the skin and the Muscles of the Lips when you come saith He to the Eyes you shall teach how by this one Muscle the Eye is both opened and shut because it is compounded of a threefold kind of fibres Although by the opinion of all men that have hitherto written of Anatomie these actions are said to be done by the force of two Muscles appointed for that purpose and although in their publique Demonstrations these two Muscles are wont to be solemnly shewn yet I think saith He the very Demonstrators are no more assured of them than my selfe And the ground upon which he tooke this opinion up is because to those that separate the fleshy Pannicle or broad Muscle no other Musculous flesh appeares in those places than what is of that Pannicle whether you guide your Knife from the front downward or from the Ball of the Cheeke upward besides in incisions in the Eye-brows upon urgent occasion we are prohibited to work them transverse lest this broad Muscle falling upon the Eye should make the upper Eye-lid or upper cilium immoveable and if any such incision happen by chance we are bid presently to sew it up which thing is a very strong argument that the motion of the upper Cilium or the Superior Eye-lid is not performed by its own proper Muscles but wholy depends upon the broad Muscle for performance But his
angle and at last is inserted into the outer angle The lesser being arisen from the top of the Nose neere the foreward angle of the lower Eye-lid with a sharpe begining likewise when being carried transversly it comes to the midle part of the Eye-lid becomes more fleshy circuites the externall angle and ascending to the superior Eye-lid it is inserted into it with a broad end These two Muscles when contracted into themselves the greater drawes downe the upper Eye-lid and the lesser attracts and raiseth up the lower Eye-lid so that the lower Eye-lid is onely lifted up and that with the second Shutter Baubinus who would have these two to be but one Muscle by reason of their fibres which are continued sayes that this Drawn towards its begining at one time moves the upper Eye-lid downwards and the lower upward and so conjoynes and shuts both the lids together which the continuity in circuite and angle and the moving in the same angle especially more constrict which is perceived by sight and touch doe prove for nothing can be constringed and come to a mutuall contact unlesse some parts be led upward and other parts downward But in respect of the Eye-lids these are two Semicircular Muscles and separated each makes a Semicircle but both joyn'd together they make a perfect circle but there is a Semicircular Muscle found in each Eye-lid as well in the lower as the upper whose motions are manifest neither could so quick and frequent a motion be performed by the upper Eye-lid alone since the motion downward requires a longer space than is convenient for so great celerity wherfore they easier come to a mutuall contact if one be assisted by the other the lower Eye-lid although it have two Right motions yet it hath not two Right Muscles as other parts usually have for the same occasion but this Circular Muscle performes both actions Now these two Semicircular Muscles or one circular which thus shut the Eye in feare and pusiâ—lanimity might be called from their manifestation of the mind Musculi or Musculus Pusillanimitatis the Muscles or Sphincter of Pusillanimity But true Cowards who are of the worse Sect of winkers are wont to shut their Eyes very hard not daring to behold at all what they apprehend so dangerous to this extreme figure that of Galen is to be applied who observes that one reason why the circumjacent skin was endued with a voluntary motion was the reliefe of this action for the eyes that were then to be exactly closed and constring'd by all the circumjacent parts when they feare the incursion of any danger upon them for that end the bordering skin both that above in the Forehead and that which lyes below about the balls of the Cheeke being replicated upon it selfe by a voluntary motion shuts the Eye according to the timorous endeavour of the mind and upon this occasion the Orbicular Muscle of the Eye-brows is not onely assistant but chiefe Operator which may thereupon be called Musculus vecordiae the Dastard Muscle or the Ranke cowards Sphincter Memb. V. Of the Muscles that serve to the significations of the Mind exhibited by the motions of the Eye THe Eyes of man are the most cleere Interpretors of the affections oâ— the mind wherefore since they were â—or that purpose to be endued with a voluntary motion and all motions arâ— performed by Muscles therefore thâ— great Architect gave Muscles to thâ— Eyes whereby they are most swiftly moved according to the inward motions of the mind whence the Eye by thâ— Philosopher is said to be the mosâ— moveable part of our Body by which advantage it hath more opportunitieâ— to expresse the motions of our mind Which Muscles are usually accounteâ— six because as they say there are buâ— six motions in mans Eye allowing no Muscle for the Tonique motion of thâ— Eye which yet many ocular Anatomists doe which Muscle may be divideâ— into more If you would observâ— the proper motion of these Muscles when they remaine in their seat bind a thread to every one of them not far from the Tendon and then draw it and you shall see how each Muscle works the Eye to that motion which exhibits the signification of the Mind which it was ordained to promote Dissect XV. PRide Contempt and Disdaine lift the Eyes upward toward the Eye-brows The Muscle the Organ that causeth this lofty motion or exaltation of the Eye is the great Muscle the first in order for Pride will have the first place and loves precedencie It is commonly called Attollens or the Lifter arising from the upper part of the orbite of the Eye neere where the Optique Nerve comes forth and is inserted into the Coat called Cornea of the Eye where it is cleare and neare the Iris by a thin and membranous Tendon which when it is drawn to its Head it helps to declare the Pride of such men who are lifted up in their own conceit Therefore more elegantly and apposite to thâ— signification of the Mind named Musâ—culus superbus the proud Muscle becauâ—â— it lifteth up the Eye with a kind of Diâ—â—dain or the Elate and proud Muscle becauâ—â— in such men it doth seeme to be rounde and more prompt to its office as Spâ—â—gelius well observes And although theâ— is a naturall reason for the greatness anâ— situation of this exalted Muscle becauâ—â— there is greater strength required to 〈◊〉 up than to pull down yet it is very reâ—markable that it hath a signature for thâ— signification of Greatness in that proâ—portion it hath to the other Muscles and of loftiness and exaltation of Mind in being placed above in the superioâ— part of the Eye This Muscle might 〈◊〉 more fitly called Musculus Sanctus 〈◊〉 Devout or holy Muscle this being the Muâ—â—cle by whose operation in the pious aâ—â—fection of the Soule we lift up our Eyâ— to Heaven in Prayer Dissect XVI IN Bashfulnesse and Shame-faced modâ—â—sty and in exhibiting an humble revâ—â—rence with a sweet demisseness we draâ— our dejected Eyes downward toward the lower Lid. The Muscle that causeth this motion is the Second of the Eye commonly called Musculus Deprimens the Depressor or puller-down of the Eye by some Anatomists as I find it fitted to my Design it is called Musculus Humilis the Humble Muscle for â—ariation we call it the Muscle of Modesty or the Bashfull Muscle Not without an Allegoricall signature of proportion lesser than the other although â—he Eye also which with its own weight â—ends downward needed no greater 〈◊〉 And as Humility is opposite to Pride 〈◊〉 justly seated opposite to the First and 〈◊〉 the inferior and lower part of the Eye by that signature of situation shewâ—â—g that it is fitted to expresse the lownesse of Mind which it most sweetly 〈◊〉 when it is drawn to its Head It â—iseth in the inferior part opposite unâ—â— the former Muscle of Pride and hath 〈◊〉 insertion as the former Dissect XVII TO turn the apple of the eye towards the Nose
the Jaw which sometimes is drawne so neere the Eare that it toucheth it But indeede the Muscles whose action is motion and the Nerves which are commonly observed about the Eares doe declare it to be true that the motive virtue doth flow into the Eares And Vesalius the great Anatomist affirmes that they are moved by reason of their Muscles Indeede as Casserius wel argues Although the energeticall force of moving be only deprehended by the senses as apparent now then in a few certaine men yet the influence of motion is generall into the Eares of al men which makes them partakers of voluntary motion for unlesse it were so wee must protest against the Doctrine of all Anatomists now from many ages confirmed by most certaine infallible and frequent observations That motion is not the essentiall action of a Muscle seeing there is no auricle but hath its proper Muscles Neither doth the Sensuall immobility of all auricles almost perswade this very thing for it is an Elenchus Consequentiae The motion of the auricles appeares not to sence Ergo they have none For although we are to yield to reasons when the effect appeares to the senses yet where the sense proves defective and reasons may prevaile the effect is not to bee denied for if as Galen witnesseth there concurre to an Agent a fit situation a due space of time a valid force of the Agent and a disposition of matter to receive what should hinder the effect these for the most part to be present in the accomplishing the motion of the Eares even Sense doth teach wherefore although the motions of the Eares are not made manifest yet it is not to be denyed but some motion at least and lesse perspicuous to sense is performed by them The cause why men doe not ordinarily and evidently move the exterior Cartilages of their Eares as other Animalls doe which have them is as Baubinus and others conjecture because those principalls of motion are very small So that Galen ealls them certaine Delineaments of Muscles and they have little threads of Nerves So that the motive Spirits cannot in sufficient quantity flow into them and the Eares are too little and Cartilagineous whereby the little Branches of the Muscles and Nerves cannot be expanded whence their motions are so rare and so little perspicuous and obvious to sense which are greater in such men whose Eares are perspicuously moved And where the occipitiall Muscles are found these of the Eares are manifestly discover'd Hence it may be Columbus had this knack of moving his Eares and he St. Augustine speakes of both which could move the whole skin of their Heads by virtue of those Muscles and having them if Fallopius and Riolanus his affirmation hold had these Muscles of the Eares manifestly obedient to their wills Another reason why the Eares in men are not ordinarily at least not evidently seene to move is lest the Sense oâ— Discipline should be depraved especially since the eares of man are small wherefore they are moved every way to receive sounds by the most swift motion of the Head and therefore in Brutes who want that expeditious mobility of the Head they are greater to be more capable of sounds from all parts and to drive away flyes which man can doe with his hands So that to prevent a greater inconveniency and undecency than their ordinary employment could recompence they are usually suspended from preceptible actions in most men yet this is not without a Tacite elogie of the Pleropheria of motion which the face enjoyes by its Muscles to which the surplusage of auricular motion might seeme unnecessarily redundant for the Face of man is so sufficiently provided of Muscles the Organs of voluntary motion which are ever ready to expresse any motion his will is pleased to concurre unto and make a significant declaration by that he needes no such additaments as the Muscles of the Eares would make if they were ordinarily reduced to manifest action yet such who have these Muscles large enough for apparent action seeme to have a Patent for excellent Pantomimicall utterance such additionall helpes in all probability giving advantage of supernumerary gestures Now although to men that can expresse their affections not onely in wordes but also by speaking motions especially in their Faces which are open and discovered Nature hath seem'd to have thought it undecent and unprofitable to have any great volubility or flexibility for so we must speake for want of better wordes in the motion of their Eares as other Animalls the flexibility of his Head and Neck serving the Eares to all such intents and purposes yet since these Auricular Muscles the invention whereof are due to Fallopius were appositely conspicuous in them by whom they were manifestly moved while they lived and are not onely described by him but most Anatomists we will first describe them and then see whether any thing can be made of their motions They are usually number'd foure Common and Proper Attollens or the lifter up Deprimens or the pulleâ— down Adducens ad interiora the To-leader Abducens the Fro-leader The Attollent seated in the anterior part of the Face placed upon the Temporall Muscle the Attollent of the Jaw From the externall end of the Frontall Muscle where it is contiguous to the Temporal is inserted into the upper part of the Auricle The Detrahent seated in the hinder part of the Head fetching its originall from the Mammillary processe of the Tempils and ends in a Tendon which embraceth the whole roote oâ— the Cartilage of the Eare so that one portion of it toucheth the upper part the other the middle the third the lower part The forward Adducent or To-leader is a Common Muscle to wit a particle of that which they usually call Quadratus or the Detraâ—ent of the Cheekes this ascending with its fibres is implanted into the roote of the Auricle The backward Aâ—ducent is placed in the Nowle arising from the Covers of the Muscles of the Nowle is implanted into the hinder part of the Eare. Since therefore Nature laid not in these Muscles as intending them for any 〈◊〉 of Hearing for we heare against our will some other use they have since noâ—hing appeares in the Body that was made in vaine or hath not some office â—â—signed But our Anatomists that acâ—nowledge name and describe these Muscles nay appoint their very actiâ—ns expresse not what those Actions â—ay aime at or are usefull unto no â—ention of any advantage to the Head 〈◊〉 their moving why should these â—uscles passe thus by tradition from â—and to Hand and yet remaine as non â—â—gnificants they had as good be non Liâ—ets I confesse so novell a thought which for all I can find was never enâ—â—rtained or scand by any Head would 〈◊〉 a curious Fantsie and such a one 〈◊〉 is whose Motto is In nova fert â—â—imus tentata relinquere pernox to â—â—tempt a Comment upon this concealâ—ent and the great silence of preteriâ—â—â—n
of Articulation unworthily scoffing observes of him Notwithstanding this is agreed on by both sides that every motion is performed upon the first or second vertebra of the Neck whereof in leane and consumed men we may make an experiment if we put the index of our Hand about the pit of the hinder part of the head or nape of the neck for wee shall then perceive the first and second vertebra to be more moved than any of the rest the motions of the other joynts are neither so valid nor manifest and very difficult to observe so that they cannot be discerned in the very act by every man So obscure are their motions that unlesse you bend your whole mind there is no comprehending of them but the motions of the Head upon the Neck which expresse divers affections of the mind are so manifest and evident that they are hid from no man The structure of the joynt being very remarkable for sage Nature moderatrix of all opportunities when she foresaw that many motions were necessary for the Head and that it could not undergoe them unlesse the bones were round and committed to a simple Article loosly bound knowing that the security of construction would be repugnant to the variety and agility of motion and solliciâ—ous for the noblest part though she alwayes in the first place casts for the dignity of the Action and in the second for the security consulting for both in this â—oynt chose rather security than the variety and agility of motion for seeing they were incompatible and could not stand together if it were tide loosely and free to turne every where she gave it a few motions and those safe rather than many with the perill of the Head and because the scope of variety was not to be contemned therfore provident Nature what she could not with the magnitude and laxity of one Article perform she recompensed with two smaller and a multitude of Muscles For which cause no motion seemes to be wanting to the Head But although the construction or the articulation and composition of the Neck is provided for locall and voluntary motion yet there is no Action of Articles but onely a Passion for so much as the Article or joynt acts nothing but onely is moved but to be moved is to suffer when not by its proper motion but by something placed without it is moved not by it selfe but by the Muscle wherefore if the Action of this joynt is a motion it is not done by acting but by suffering and the motions and significations are to be attributed to the Muscles which are the instrumentall cause Lastly that the Head in violent motions and agitations might not goe beyond its bounds and suffer a Luxation which is deadly there are foure strong ligaments to establish and better secure their motions which are of great moment to be known exactly by those who would rightly perceive the motion of the Head or dispute of their significations Provided and furnished with these accommodations the Head can with what equipage is requisite at an instant attend the motion of the mind and atâ—empt and dispatch all the important negociations and patheticall affaires of â—he will or Appetite Dissect I. WHen wee assent affirme yield grant vote confirme confesse admit allow or approve of a thing c. wee â—re wont to Nod or bend our head forward Galen ascribes this motion to the Head where he saith Flexio fit annuendo which Vesalius expounding sayes He meanes of â—hat motion whereby wee bend or incline our Head forward in assent or approbation The naturall reason of which motion in these senses is an approving which is made by the Imagination seeing oâ— hearing somewhat done or said which accordeth very well and this power remaineth in the Braine or forepart of the Head wherein the Cell and Seate of the Imagination is when any of these thing give it contentment suddenly it moveth the same and after it all the Muscles oâ— the Body especially of the Head the chiefe Sphere of its activity and so many times we allow of witty sayings 〈◊〉 actions by bowing downe or Nodding of the Head The Muscles appointed in a Right motion of the Head to exhibit the yielding flexibility of the will anâ— the upper portion onely of the pain of Muscles commonly called masteiâ—dean or the mamillary paire because inserted into the Dug-like processe of thâ— Temples arising with a double originall distinguished with a certaine cavity whereof one begins at the top of thâ— Sternon the other proceedes from thâ— higher part of the Clavicula where it iâ— joyned to the Sternon Seated in thâ— forepart of the Necke under the squaâ—â— Muscle of the Cheekes For when this part of the aforesaid Muscle enjoyes the action alone the Head it selfe onely by the first fibres which are infixed into the first and second vertâ—bre is moved to assent Which portion insooth hath sometimes a peculiar and cleere circumscription or delineation which answers in proportion to those small Muscles which are behind for since the significations that are performed by the Head alone are very short and light and the Head being heavy by reason of its weight is easily depressed or let downe â—o the anterior parts two such small Muscles were sufficient for this action If â—ny man would make triall to find after what manner this significant motion of â—he Head is done having got a fresh huâ—ane carkasse the other parts besides â—he ligaments of the vertebres being â—aken away driving the Head foreward â—nd backward with his hands He shall â—asily perceive it to move first by it selfe â—nd shall thence conjecture the small Muscles inserted straight into the Head 〈◊〉 be the chiefe authoâ—s of the motion Note that wheras this just flexion of assent is caused by the Heads urging and impelling the second vertebre by the benefit of the ligament of the Tooth the Muscles on each side working together So if the Right Muscle only be contracted the Head drawne by oblique fibres obliquely assents Leftward the Left Muscle onely working the Head assents forward but to the Right Hand which you may see represented in the raines of a Horse But nothing can better shew you how to conceive of the office and function of these Muscles than if you should put a garter athwart about the hinder part of the Head bringing it from above the ears on each side-down to the breast for if you afterwards draw both the endâ— of the garter together the Head wil give a just Nod of assent but if you pull the ends by turns one after another you wilâ— cause Collaterall Nods such as wee usâ— when the partyes to whom we make thâ— signe are on one side of us Now finâ— these Small Muscles commonly accounted the upper portion of the mastoidean 〈◊〉 Mammillary paire though their propeâ— circumscription seeme to give them thâ— Delineations of a Distinct paire afforâ— the Dug-like process of indulgency expressed by assenting Nods giving them a proper
of the perverse Cheeke happens by reason of the shortnesse of its Muscle for every motion that proceedes from the will seemes to be done by the attraction of the Muscles to those parts whence they arise neither could the attraction of the other Cheeke be done unlesse the opposite Muscle were drawn back to its originall whence it appeares that the Depraved figure of the Mouth or Symptome of the function of the voluntary mover hurt called by Physicians the Cynique Spasme which this action seemes to counterfeit by this account differs onely from the Naturall that it is done besides our will the Convulsion driving the Nerves and Muscles to the same affect to which they are led by the Animall Faculty when they keepe their naturall habit the Muscles are contracted into their proper heades and with them they rivell that part into which they are inserted which indeede is common to the naturall and praeter-naturall Plaise-mouth or Dog-Spasme This ridiculous action proceeding from a Detracting Disposition of the mind is performed by the square Muscle of the Cheeke by Spigelius called Detrahens Quadratus the first that suffers convulsion in those that are falling into the Cynique Spasme the varying conduct of the fibres of which Muscle some being straight some oblique and some transverse are to be well considered of by Chirurgions in their incisions in these parts which some not knowing by an over free cutting of the transverse fibres overthwart have caused both Cheekes to run as plucked to one side This is a thin Muscle although broad and large lying hid next under the skin of the Neck and encompassing the whole upper Jaw in the Face draweth its origen from the regions of the snigs of the Vertebres of the Neck the externall part of the Neck the Scapula clavicula and the Breast Bone ascends by degrees with oblique fibres to the Face and is implanted into that part of the Chin where the upper Lip is joyned unto the lower This Muscle which covers the Face and out of which the Muscles of the Nostrills Eye-browes and Lips are made being contracted unto it selfe by aid of those oblique and transverse fibres it hath the Cheeke we command is drawne awry the Nose Eye-browes and Lips following the obliquity of that motion thereby making this Ironie of gesture most compleat for the Cheeke the Seate of laughter leading the Nose with dry mockery or Derison followes the Lips obsequious by a silent Detraction manifest their agreement to the motion of the Nose and though they two are in the midle yet both agree to assist this action on the side stage of Derision while the Censorious Eye-browes overlooking by a motion of assent and concurrence applaude the Irony From the signification of Detraction which this Scheme or figure of motion aptly expresseth this Muscle may retaine the name of Musculus Detrahens and be called the Detracter Detractions by Solomon being aptly called Detrahentia labra Detracting lips alluding for all wee know to this action of the Cheekes the Lips alwayes moving when this square Muscle moves which is common to them and the Cheekes Dissect XXV ANger Swelling indignation Pride Disdaine Arrogancy and Ambitious love of praise puff up the Cheekes of selfe-conceited men and make them looke big upon others Spigelius thinks this motion is not performed by the help of any Muscle but onely happens by the relaxation of the fibres of the Muscle Buccinator while the breath is reteined in the hollow of the Mouth the lips being shut this Muscle is Distended which makes the greatest part of the Cheeke But the Muscle Buccinator being so called from the similitude at least of this affectation of the mind comprehending all that part which is blown up when we sound a Trumpet is commonly assign'd to this action and consequently to the signification of this affectation of the mind A Muscle thin and membranous lying under the Square Detracter interwoven with divers fibres from whence its divers actions proceede and is scarce any thing else but a fleshy implexure of fibres this from the upper part of the Gums of the superior Jaw is terminated in the top of the Gums of the lower-Jaw in the manner of a circle which since it emulates a circle and in a circle what ever part is taken the same is both the beginning midle and the end it matters not whether you say it proceedes from the upper Gums into the lower or from the lower into the upper This Muscle according to our Designe of referring all names to the Affections of the Mind might be called Musculus Ambitiosus the Ambitious or selfe-conceited Muscle and there is a signature of the conceited Capacity of the Mind in the most capacious figure of this Muscle which is a Circle which thus put in motion by way of ostentation seemes to infer to others how far they can enlarge and extend the Sphere of their ability even to comprehend all within the compasse of their perfection and personall worth which least any man should not sufficiently understand they are so puffed in mind that they will straine themselves so far as to sound the Trumpet of their own Praise by making an unhandsome use of the Muscle Buccinator Nor is it altogether unsignificant that this selfe-conceited and praise-seeking Muscle lies underneath the Detracter for they that ambitiously arrogate to themselves the merits of applause are very apt to Detract from others and indeed Ambition and selfe-conceited Pride is but Detraction under a Visard But if the puffe of Anger swell this Orbicular Muscle he that puffes and chafes after this manner seemes to be his own Trumpeter and to sound defiance to those against whom he presents himselfe with Cheekes so inflate Dissect XXVI DEspaire makes the Cheeks to fall or sinke they who think the former affectation of the Mind to be performed by the help of no Muscle apposite to that action conceive this adduction or contraction of the Cheekes is performed by the Muscle Buccinator which with them is Contrahens alter as being designed by Nature unto it and â—t may well be by its Contraction or the Contraction of its fibres a motion quite opposite to that of Confidence â—elfe-conceit being a contrary affection â—r motion of the Mind But this action â—s not very remarkable unlesse in proud â—nd confident self-conceited men when â—hey are humbled by a counter-buffe of â—nquisition and the bladder of their â—ride is thereby pricked that makes â—hem look like the baffled Sons of Despaire Dissect XXVII CHeerefulnesse a pleasant and smiling Alacrity cause in many a Dimple in some part of the Cheeke which Anatomists call the Navell of Venus This is caused by the moving of the same Muscle Buccinator which after the manner of a Sphyncter encompasseth the Cheekes which when it is contracted and drawn in in some part of it makes that Pit or Dimple which so gracefully appeares in the Cheekes of some men Memb. IX Of the Muscles that serve the
next Argument is somewhat Philosophicall to the Doctrine of voluntary motion Now saith he if there should be such proper Muscles in the upper Eye-lid as are described because when one Muscle acts his opposite or Antagonist doth cease and ought to give way and be obsequious that which is said to open the Eye working his Opposite obsequiously yielding it necessarily follows the Muscle of the upper Eye-lid will be drawn towards it Principle or beginning as we see to happen in Convulsions because the operation of a Muscle is a Collection of that part which it moves towards its Head since therefore such a kind of Collection no where appeares therfore he thinks it apparent that all the motion of the upper Eye-lid depends upon this broad Muscle and that it is the sole Author of this motion and consequently of these significations of the Mind exhibited thereby Nor is it to be omitted what Galen affirmes that the skin was endued with a voluntary motion even for this very action for it was necessary the Eye-lids should be much opened when we endeavor to see many Externall things at one time which is their intention who in this posture simply admire or impudently Gaze for which a little the circumfused skin as well that above in the Forehead as that beneath at the Ball of the Cheeke hath a voluntary motion that by extension thereof it might open wide the Eyes Vesalius speakes of a broad and fleshy Glandule which seemes to him to be a certaine vice-Muscle to lift up the Eye-lid But we will conclude with the generall opinion of the best Anatomists that these motions of the Mind are signified by the operation of that Muscle of the Eye-lid which is commonly called Rectus or the straight Muscle and from this office Apertor oculi and Artollens palpebram the Eye-opener or the Gazer placed in the upper region of the Orbit of the Eye neare the Musculus Artollens or Lifter of the Eye being like also in figure to it proceeding from the same Principle as the rest which move the Eye and inserted into the Cartilage of the upper Eye-lid and by its fibres contracted inwards draws the superior Eye-lid upwards the lower of its own accord subsiding into its place assisted according to the intensnes of the Act in these significations by the Muscle of the Forehead So that this Muscle commonly called Attollens palbebram might be named from the declaration of these affections of the Mind effected by their moving Musculus Impudicus vel simplicis Admirationis the Muscle of staring Impudence or simple Admiration ¶ Another expression of the Mind is sometime performed by this Muscle to wit Pride and Loftinesse for Solomon in a Physiognomicall Proverb observed a Generation of men whose Eye-lids were lifted up and therefore whereas the Attollent Muscle of the Eye is called by Physiognomers Musculus superbus because it is a sign of Pride to have lofty Eyes Casserius the expert Anatomist would rather have the declarations of pride and humility to be drawn from the Eye-lids and especially from the upper Eye-lid for who have this elate are proud and fierce they who have it depressed and shutting as it were halfe of the Eye so that they seeme to respect the ground are humble and mild So that it might be called Musculus Sublimis the Sublime or haughty Muscle of the Eye-lids Dissect XIIII FEare and pusillanimitie cause the affrighted Eyes to twinkle that is to open and incontinently to shut more than is convenient Some have thought this motion of the Eye-lids to be done by the instinct of Nature and not upon deliberation or set purpose for so Aristotle would have them twinkle against things whose occurrence threatens danger So that the Muscle were unprofitable But in regard of the preservation of the Eye against which some dangerous thing is presented it is meerely arbitrary and naturall onely when it proceedeth from some affection of the Body unto which it is obsequious as in the Cynique Spasme wherein the upper Eye-lid is seene to be naturally moved Casper Hofman very well contends that this motion of the Eye-lids is meerely voluntary by the example of those two Gladiators of whom Plinie makes mention in his Naturall History also by the example of Socra es of whom Aulus Gellius speakes but that frequent interpellation happens from things that occur from without especially the aire light c. Indeed usually it â—s done with no great bent or intention of the mind as those motions of Election are but with a kind of remission or slacking of that contention as they performe actions who doe a thing as 't were Drowzily and with lesse heede and such never performe a perfect motion especially Tonique Now because it is so soone done as the Proverb speakes that for the most part we are not aware of its motion therefore it may be Aristtole rather call'd it naturall than voluntary 'T is true Galen puts this among doubtfull motions and those which are not yet found out The Voluntary and Naturall motions saith he are mingled in the Eye-lids motion which is done in many men without the assent of the will and you shall scarce see any one who can so order his Eye-lids as not to move them and to remaine with open eyes untill he would close them and who shuts them but seldome But this motion is meerely Animal as Maâ—inellus and others by many instances affirme and Galen afterwards confessed his former ignorance in this matter where he declares the manner how this is done and reprehends those who were of his former opinion Some Sophisters saith he when they had neither found the moving Muscles nor â—he reason of the motion arrived to â—hat point of impudence to denie that motion to have any dependance upon â—ur will but to bee naturall as those â—nvoluntary and necessary motions of â—he Heart Arteries and other instruments thinking it better to lye than to confesse their ignorance â—araeus will have no peculiar Muscle ordained for this action but to be the worke onely of the Broad Muscle But with Spigelius and others we shall declare that this motion of pusillanimity is perform'd by two semicircular Muscles called Claudentes the Eye-shutters one superior seated in the superior Eye-lid the other inferior that being greater this lesser yet there are not wanting some who would have these to be one single Muscle which yet are two and observ'd ever to be double in men that are somewhat Musculous and their principles and insertion are distinct although it be true that their circular fibres doe touch each other to these add that both of them receive distinct Nerves from distinct places But these Muscles are seated between the fleshy membrane and that which is brought out of the pericranium of which the superior or greater ariseth with aâ— acute begining out of the inner angle 〈◊〉 the Eye and part of the Eye-brow thaâ— is next the Nose and so goes transversly toward the outer