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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A28985 The general history of the air designed and begun by the Honble. Robert Boyle ... Boyle, Robert, 1627-1691. 1692 (1692) Wing B3981; ESTC R11260 136,385 273

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might be usefully enough substicuted instead of it Of this Hygroscrope having particularly described it in another Paper we shall now only say in a word that 't is made by fastning to the upper End of a Piece of Gut-string or great Lutestring a very light Index and strongly fastning the lower end of the same String to the bottom of a Box or other convenient Frame the Circumference of whose upper Part may be at pleasure divided into Degrees or other Partitions upon which the Index may move to and fro For the Instrument being thus made when the Air grows moister the Vapours insinuating themselves into the Pores of the Filaments that compose the String do somewhat shorten it and thereby those Filaments being altered in point of Contortion the Index that is fastned to them turns one way and upon the recess of those Vapours or of others of like nature the String comes to be wreath'd and consequently the Index to be moved another way So that in a String of about three Inches long the Point of the Index will be oftentimes made to change its Place very notably by such a mutation of the Air as to Driness and Moisture as was to be met with in the Morning and at Noon of the same Day tho such a Change did not always need either Rain Clouds or Mists or the absence of them to make it notable We took then one of these Hygroscopes and conveyed it into a small Receiver that the removal of the Air being sudden the Change of Temperature if any should happen in the exhausted Cavity might be the more sudden and conspicuous But we found not that the emptying of the Receiver made the Index sensibly change place And though this Experiment were carefully made yet for the greater Security we repeated it once more and neither then perceiving the Index to remove we kept the Receiver exhausted for a pretty while lest there should be some more time requisite to the Operation of the Medium upon the Instrument But neither did this Trial produce any sensible Alteration of the Index but after the Key was turned and Access was thereby given to the excluded Air tho the Cover were still kept on we found that then within some Hours the Index was considerably removed So that as far as these Experiments informed us the Ether or subtile Matter that succeeds in the place deserted by the Air if that Place be not left void and consequently the thinner and more fluid part of the Atmosphere in which the Corpuscles that may be more properly called Aerial swim seems in its own nature to be very sensibly neither cold or hot or dry or moist I said as far as these Experiments I mean those we made in this Engine with the Thermoscope and Hygroscope inform us because this Conjecture for I dare yet call it no more may be examined divers other ways whose Events may either confirm or oppose or limit it In the mean time I could wish that if your Lordship had one of Kircher's Hygroscopes at hand you would frequently and carefully try the last-recited Experiment with it because I have found that if such a Hygroscope be very well made 't is admirable as well as pleasant to see how small a Mutation of the neighbouring Air it will take notice of But I thought fit to desire to have it frequently tried because Care must be taken that such Motions of the Index be not mistaken for the Effects of the altered Temper of the Medium in the Receiver which may in some Cases proceed from those Steams of the Oil and Water which we elsewhere mention that we now and then tho but seldom observed to get out of the Cylinder into the Receiver and play up and down there TITLE IX Of Clouds Mists and Fogs HEaring that an excellent Astronomer of my Acquaintance had often measured the Height of Clouds I enquired of him what Height he observ'd them to have and was answered That though he had measured eighteen or twenty even of white Clouds in fair Weather yet he observed scarce any one to be higher than three quarters of a Mile and few of them he found to exceed half a Mile A Mist coming driving upon the Sea towards the Shoar though without any sensible Wind will raise a greater Swell of a Sea than a brisk Wind will do N. I have observed in a Ground near my House which is somewhat moist in Winter as also in other Places especially after a warm Day and against fair Weather in Autumn a moist blewish Mist to ascend about twenty or thirty Foot high and then to subside again in Dew Mr. J. T. TITLE X. Of Terrestrial Steams in the Air. INquiring of an ingenious Acquaintance of mine who in an inclosed Scope of Ground has several Veins of differing Metals and Minerals whether he did not see and sometimes smell Steams ascending out of this or that Spot of his Ground in Circumstances where their Ascension could not be imputed to the Action of the Sun He and his Son who was also a Virtuoso told me that they had divers times seen as 't were Pillars of Fumes ascending like Smoak whereof some would be inodorous some ill-scented and some though but seldom well-scented And you may have observed as well as I that Fogs some of which I have known to be very lasting and to have a large Spread did require no tender Nostrils to perceive them to stink I have frequently observed the smoaking Steams that arose out of the Shafts of Mines not wrought in And it is certain the Charcoal made in Cornwal especially of that Wood that grows in the Mineral Part thereof doth afford a manifest Arsenical and Sulphureous Smell beyond other Charcoal N. Tel est par exemple ce nuage horrible d'une fumée epaisse qui s'eleva de la mer de Crete au Commencement de l'Este de l'an 721. et qui s'etant repandu dans l'air le fit paroistre tout en feu La mer n'en fut pas mesme exempte car les grosses masses de pierres enflammées qu'on en vit sortier et qui se joignirent a l'Isle qu' on nomme Hiera échauferent si fort les eaux qu'elles en bruloient les mains TITLE XI Of Salts in the Air. 'T IS sufficiently known that the Peripatetick Schools teach the Air to be an Element warm and moist and if it be an Element it ought according to their Principles and those of the greatest part of other Naturalists to be a simple and Homogeneous Body But because such an elementary or uniform Purity is much easier to be found in the Writings of Schoolmen than amongst the Works of Nature many of the modern Philosophers have justly forsaken this Doctrine of the elementary Simplicity of the Air in some measure but perhaps very few of them if any have asserted the Air to be so exceedingly compounded a Body as in my Opinion it really is For
2 ․ 39 N 1 Close 25 6 59 29 3 ․ 42 NW 1 Fair. 27 9 53 29 5 ․ 42 W 1 Fair. 28 14 67 29 3˙ 33 S 1 Fair. October                 14 9 45 29 6 ․ 49 W 1 Close Rain last Night 16 13 48 29 4˙ 51 SW 2 Rain till Bed-time 1682 October               17 9 47 29 2˙ 51 W 1 Fair little Rain 18 10 41 29 1˙ 51 SW 2 Cloudy hard Rain from 5 to Bed-time 19 9 39 28 7˙ 51 W 1 Fair Shower in the Afternoon 20 9 34 28 7˙ 51   0 Rain 27 22 38 29 7˙ 60     Close 28 10 37 29 7 ․ 60 EN 2 Fair. November                 8 18   29 8 ․       Fair hard Frost 9 9 22 29 8 ․ 57 N 1 Fog gone before Noon hard Frost 10 10 26 29 8· 58 EN 1 Fair hard Frost 11 9 25 29 7˙ 56 NE 1 Close hard Frost 12               Fair hard Frost 13 10 26 29 5˙ 57 NE 1 Close hard Frost 14 13 23 29 7 ․ 57     Thick Fog fair in the Afternoon 15 10 36 29 4 ․ 56 SW 1 Close Rain this Morning hard Rain 22 16 5 41 29 1˙ 66     Hard Rain Rain most part of the Day   17 41 29 1· 65 SW 1 Rain 17 11 39 29 1 ․ 64 WS 2 Fair. 18 9 37 28 7˙ 64   0 Fog Rain most part of the Day 19 9 33 29 1˙ 62 W 1 Fair Rain in the Night 20 10 40 29 1˙ 64 WN 1 Fair Rain in the Afternoon   22 42 29 2 ․ 63   2 Fair. 21 6 42 29 1· 64     Hard Rain till 10   16 43 29 2˙ 64 W 2 Fair. 22 11 33 29 5 63 W 1 Small Fog Frost this Morning 23 9 28 29 5˙ 62 NW   Fog thick Fog all Day 24 9 25 29 5 ․ 62 NW   Thick Fog little Rain in the Evening 25 8 35 29 3 67 SW 1 Close Rain in the Evening 26 9 35 29 4· 65 WN 1 Fair. 27 10 31 29 7˙ 64 WN 1 Fair. 28 4 32 29 8˙ 65     Fair. 29 8 33 29 7˙ 65 WS   Small Fog 30 9 35 29 7˙ 65 SW 1 Fair. December                 1 8 35 29 6˙ 66 S 1 Mist 2 9 34 29 6˙ 66 S 1 Close 3 9 34 29 6˙ 66 SW 1 Foggy 1683. June                 21 9 62 29 3˙ 46 W 1 Close 22 8 65 29 2˙ 48 WS 2 Close some Showers 23 7 59 29 4˙ 46 W 1 Cloudy 25 19 67 29 4˙ 44 WN 1 Fair Mist in the Morning 26 10 64 29 5 ․ 43 S 1 Very fair   17 72 29 3˙ 43 S W 2 Fair. 30 13 62 29 3˙ 37 W N 3 Fair. An Explication of the foregoing Register THE first Column with d at the Top contains the Day of the Month. The second Column with h at the Top contains the Hour of the Day which beginning from Midnight I count to 24 which is Midnight again so that 13 stands for 1 Afternoon and so on The third Column with Th. at the Top marks the Degrees of my Thermoscope which having been blown at a Lamp though the Spaces of the Degrees were equally divided yet because of the unequal Bigness of the small Tube towards the Extremities where it grew bigger it did not always in every Degree mark equally proportionable Degrees of Heat and Cold. The Points to be observed in that and the next Column which is that for the Baroscope shew the just Place where the Top of the tinged Spirit of Wine in the one and the Mercury in the other stood between the Line of the Degree marked and the following when the Observation was made The Thermoscope I made use of till December 1669 was a seal'd one with all the Degrees increasing with the Heat in one continued Series The Thermoscope which I used from Decemb. 1669. to June 1675. and is marked 2. was one of Mr. Cotgraves adjusting which beginning the reckoning from the temper of freezing hath the Numbers increasing both upwards and downwards the Points shew it to be in the Degrees above 0 if set over and under 0 if set under and ˙ ˙˙ or ˙˙˙ shew it higher or lower in each Degree The Thermoscope used from March 1681 to the End is marked 3 and is of the kind of that used first The Column having Hy. at the Top contains the Degrees of Moisture as marked by an Hygroscope made of the Beard of a wild Oat In the Column of the Wind I not having the Convenience to observe the Points exactly have marked but 8 but yet with this Variety that where I set two Letters the Wind was most from that Point whose Letter stands first v. g. W N signifies more West than North. When I set only one Letter it was in or very near that Cardinal Point The Strength is marked by 0 1 2 3 4. 0 signifies not so much Wind that mov'd any Leaf that I could see in a Garden I look'd into out of my Window but the Letter join'd to it signifies which way the Weather-Cock then stood whether the former Wind left it so or the present Breeze blew that way 1 signifies a gentle Gale just perceivable by the moving of the Leaves or Plants 4 signifies a very violent Storm 2 and 3 the several Degrees between 1 and 4 as well as I could judg These Degrees though not so exactly measured as I could have wish'd I yet thought better than nothing LE Tuyau recourbé estoit fermé au bout ae et Ouuert alautre extremité B. La recourbure depuis G. Jusq ' a C. estoit pleine de Mercure tout lereste estoit plein d' air La longueur Ae. C. estoit 4 Pouces ou 32 8. J'echauffay cet air et il feit baisser le Mercure Jusques en f. qui estoit ⅜ plus bas en mesme temps il monta jusq ' en H. qui estoit 3 8 plus haut que G. ou C. Pour sçauoir quélle hauteur de Mercure auroit este necessaire pour empescher la dilatation de lair retenir le mercure en C. Je nay quá trouuer ce qui seroit necessaire pour repousser le mercure en C. Etainsy contenir lair dans léspace Ae. C. non obstant la Chaleur Je pose pour principe ceque lexperience fait voir Cest que quand une quantité dáir occupe un certain espace que Jáppelle Ae. et que la pression qui leretient dans cet espace soit B. si●on vient a augmenter certe pression de telle quantité que lón voudra comme X. on diminuera L'espace Ae. d'une certain quantité D. Laquelle