Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	long_a	small_a	stalk_n	1,525	5	11.8338	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60476	The experienc'd fowler: or, The gentleman, citizen, and country-man's pleasant and profitable recreation Containing, I. The true art of taking water and land fowl, with divers kinds of nets, lime-twigs lime-bushes, and how to make the best bird-lime. II. Directions for bat-fowling, lowbelling, tramelling, and driving fowl, how to find their haunts, and take them with springes, snares, &c. III. An exact method for using the fowling-piece at a true level, to shoot at the water, ground, bush or flying. ... By J. S Gent.	Smith, John, d. 1684.	1697 (1697)	Wing S4108C; ESTC R220081	40,290	164

light or fly are very close every one coveting and crouding to get into the middle Center How to Lime Partridges Take a handful or more of the largest Wheat-straws cut them off at every knot take the two lower joynts only Lime them over smoothly and find out their haunts by the directions page 28. then call a little and when they answer prick down your Straws in rows sloping the upper ends four or five Inches from the ground both cross the Lands and in the Furrows then lye down near these Straws covered with Stubble or Grass if no Bushe● afford shelter then call them and cease not till you have drawn them to you so that passing through the Limed Straws they will be entangled and those that miss will be daubed by the other when they come crouding and justling close up like Chickens that scarcely any of the company will escape the proper time for this is after Harvest in Stubble Fields and it may be continued till Christmas but in Woods and Pastures you must use the small Birch Rods prick●●ng them as the Straws call in ●he same manner and order every thing accordingly To take all sorts of small Birds with the Lime-bush or Twigs Take a Branch that spreads much with very small Sprigs as ●irch Willow Poplar or Sal●ow let the Stem of it be pret●●● long and have some Stales 〈◊〉 stand in sight of such Birds ●hose Flights are most usual in ●ose places Lime the Twigs ●eatly over unless those the ●tales are fastned on and watch in some covert place the flocking of the Birds having one at a distance with a Clapper or something that will make a noise to drive them that way and if two or three light mind them not but when they are entangled they will serve as Stales for the rest and so when they are in any number intangled down with the Bush and seize them in a Bag or Sack a live Owl or the figure of her exactly painted is a good Stale to draw them to wonder at and in the heat of persecuting her they will be taken by Twigs and find there is nothing got by being quarelsome If they are slow in coming you must in the covert where you lye hid use your Bird-Call or Mouth and this you must learn to do by hearing each Bird's Note and often practising to bring your self to imitate you may take them with Lime-twigs only setting them before day as has been often directed in the general haunts where they feed which is a ●ittle after Day-break at farthest about Sun-rise or you may place the Lime-twigs all along ●he Hedges where they roost ●ome slope-wise others upright some cross and very near together that when they return from feeding they may be en●angled or if they return not ●olunatarily you may go into ●he Fields adjacent and drive them to the Hedges this may ●e done an hour after Sun-rise and as much before it Set. Another excellent way to take small Birdg Take three handfuls of large Wheat-Ears let the Straw remain to them a foot long only Liming that and not the Ears then stick them up in hard Frosty weather that the Ears may hang and the Straws bend as it were Arch-wise do this if it may be in Snow and scatter a little Chaff over it fasten down a Stale if you have it of the same kind you desire most to take let the Ears be spread single and when the Birds flock to pick them or attempt to fly away with them the Straw to be sure laps one Wings and brings the Bird down again so that this way you may take great numbers for Sparrows you may fix them on the Tops of Barns or Thatched Houses and not only get the Birds but some abundance of Corn by destroying them To take Water-Fowl with Snares and Sprindges You must as in other cases find the Haunts and usual Feedings well observing the Water Tracts and Furrows where they usually go especially where many Furrows meet which you may percieve by their Paddles and Worms Floagrass and such other things as they like being there and when you find the meeting Furrows come as it were into one narrow stream or passage and then divide into other Branches and Parts deepest always in the middle these are sufficient grounds to believe you may have here good Gaiue especially near Rivers or 〈◊〉 and in the Center of these where most Paddles are you must place your Instruments stopping all other avenues with Bushes Sedg Flags or any thing that will make little Fences about a handful above the Water and then the Fowl unless on fright will keep the direct road and not pass over them This done the next business is to take a long stiff young Plant taper to the end not apt to break but pliable to bend of Holly Hazle or Yew sharpen it at the great end and fasten a Swivel-loop on the Top then pitch it in the place you design to expect your Game and proceed to make a Line of Horse-hair in strength by the number of Hairs sufficient to take and hold the Fowl you design it for fasten this to the Loop on the top of your Plant and let it be a little more than half the length of it with a running Noose then bend a Hazle loopwise in an Oval or Egg fashion but lesser at one end let the bending be greater or smaller according to the proportion of the Fowl and this is called the Bridge because it answers as the Bridge does in a Mouse-Trap hard by the Swickle or Loop fasten within an inch and a half of the bent Plant a little Tricker broad and thin as is usual to a Mouse-Trap then lay your Loop of Hazle cross the Tricker and hang the bow-bow-end of it on a Hook or Peg driven into the ground on one side the track the stalk or other end of it you must put underneath the bout of the first mentioned bow-stick and near to the end of the stalk cut a nick then six the long hazle plant viz. the great end strongly in the Earth that it may not give way on the side of the Bank where the Track is and bring the smaller strongly bowed till the Tricker by putting one end of it under the bout of the first mentioned stick and the other end in the stalk of or end of the Bridge may be fastened and keep the plant strongly bent down This done lay the Loop of Horse-hair on the Bridge conveniently wide but so as it may not well be discerned and then the Fowl coming and treading in the middle of it on the Bridge it will slip away and the feet of the Fowl be caught in the Loop by the sudden and smart rising of the hazle-plant and thus according to the strength of the plant you may take the largest Fowl that this Island affords The manner of Bat-Fowling Having observed where the Birds in great numbers Roost in Hedges Shrubs or Trees go

and this Stale-Bird ●eing a Lure for Hawks and ●ther Birds of Prey that will ●oop at her if you be nimble ●●u may easily take them Now particularly for the ●●rk though it serves for o●●er Birds sometimes beside ●at I have mentioned there 〈◊〉 Looking glass Stale which ●y be done and this too is ●allure them down for ho●ring over it and seeing their ●●dows by reflexion they sup●●se it another Sky and are so ●●led and taken with the no●●ty that they scarce know ●●ether they descend or ascend 〈◊〉 this Glass must be triangu●● and sloping every way so at being fastened on Wood ●oportionable with a Socket 〈◊〉 Foot and some bright red ●●lour placed between you must so order to draw it with Line as it may turn swift backward and forward which may be done in the same natur● by placing it on a Frame tha● it may hang as the Boys whi●●ling things are with a Nut i● to which goes a String windi●● and unwinding on a Stick wi●● an Apple at the end of it as is pulled or slackened and th● being once seen is easily don● and the refore I shall not be t●●dious in insisting on it As for the Stales place the● between the Nets about t●● foot or somewhat more dista●● one from the other so th● when the Net is pulled over 〈◊〉 Cords may not injure the● Let them stand even ove● against each other in a dire● Line The Glass must be ke●● almost continually moving a●● the Bird made very often to fl●●ker Having thus prepared things for the Sport the next thing is to be vigilant and for your Seat you may dig a hole in the ground knee-deep and cast up some of the Earth before you to shelter you as much as may be from the sight of the Fowl and if they are such Fowl as are very shy you may lie along and cover the greatest part of you with Grass or Stubble Your Drawing Lines may be twelve or fourteen yards Lay the main Draw-line with a strong Button of Wood in it made fast to your Thigh and when you pull over do it with both hands swiftly and nimbly If you want living Stales or that they prove too troublesom to keep you may shoot a Lark or some other Bird take out the Intrails stuff him with Tow and dry him in an Oven his Wings set in a flying posture and so you may be furnished at all times But the living Stale is the best in my Opinion Now as for Implements to be used on occasion you must not go abroad without them viz. spare Poles Lines and Stakes Pack-thread of different sizes a Knitting needle and Pin a Hatchet to sharpen your Stakes a Mallet to drive them in and Bag for your Stales and other Birds with a dark Cage at the end of it If you Net for the smaller sort of Singing-Birds as Li●nets Chaffinch Green-bird Goldfinch c. have such Birds for S●ales as have been brought up to sing in Cages on the outsides of the fall of your Nets who refresh●d with the Sun-beams will sing and by their Melody draw others of the kind to them As for the Lapwing she is exceeding shy and though she may dodge and play about your Nets is not easily caught Your Nets must be of a larger Mash and somewhat larger for this Fowl and between them place several d●i●d Lapwings or their Skins stuffed and set out as if they were pecking or sluttering and at the head of them which must as near as you can discern be placed to the Wind let there be two live Stales give them Meat that they may be pe●king and to enti●e those that are on the Wing to you must have the perfect Lapwing-Call and as soon as ever they sw●op within the danger of your Nets draw up for if you give them leasure to discover the Deceit they are gone again and will be hardly induced to come any more To allure Stares to you you must set live Stales in your Net and in Cages and when they are hungry they will cry and make a calamitous noise which will● draw such as are within hearing to their succour To drive Larks and other Birds into Nets To place Nets in Woods Coppices c. for Pheasants and other Fowl that have there their Haunts THere are yet other sorts of Nets that may be used where these large ones have not such a conveniency and the first I shall mention of these kinds is called by the Italians Pantiere it may be about four Ells deep and of the same Mash with the foregoing Day-nets but then it is strung on the upper side with a Cord on which run a row of small Rings and to them Cords that draw them close or spread them at pleasure they must be supported by two or three more Stakes according to the wideness of the place where they are set get them ready in the Evening driving before Sun set two hours and for the driving in the Morning an hour before Sun-rise These are best in low stubble Fields where the Larks and other small Birds frequent in flocks and when the Net is in right order you must have a long Rope which must be extended and held by two Persons one at the one end and the other at t'other begin to draw in a direct line about two or three hundred yards if the ground be any thing level and admit it walking towards the Net as near as you can in a right line over the stubble that it may rusle and so you may raise the Larks that scatter up and down the Field This Rope may be between twenty and thirty yards long they will not in this case usually take the wing but run before the Rope which drags bellying after them and so you may gently drive them on into the Net which not being straight stretched out but easily running up the more they struggle the more they will be intangled There is another sort of Netting in Groves or Woods where large Nets cannot come without intangling nor are they proper these are properly for small Birds but if the Pheasant can be got into it it will hold him The true Net must be lined with a false one having larger Mashes that the Birds getting through the one may be intangled between both The upper edge of this Net must have Iron or Horn-rings put on a strong Cord and the true Net as well as the two false ones on either side must be verged with a Cord Of these Nets one two or three of them may be placed in the open places of a Grove and crossing the place fastned by the two top Cords made with winding step round them to mount up and on the top to have little holes to pass the Ropes through and Pullies in them to draw the Lines nimbly and stretch out the Nets especially towards the middle making in each Mash a kind of a Purse or Pouch that when the Bird strikes against it it may

THE Experienc'd Fowler OR THE Gentleman Citizen and Country-man's Pleasant and Profitable RECREATION Containing 1. The True Art of taking Water and Land Fowl with divers kinds of Nets Lime-Twigs Lime-Bushes and how to make the best Bird-Lime II. Directions for Bat-Fowling Lowbelling Tramelling and driving Fowl how to find their Haunts and take them with Springes Snares c. III. An exact Method for using the Fowling-Piece at a true level to shoot at the Water Ground Bush or Flying IV. How to make Shot proportion the Charge and know good Powder with the proper use of the Stalking-Horse Bush Hedge and how to manage them V. Of Singing-Birds their Diseases and Cure VI. How to distinguish all sorts of Poulterers Ware whether Old or Young Fresh or Stale full of Eggs or not Also to well Order and speedily Fat Tame and Wild Fowl VII To which is added Directions for destroying all manner of Vermine By J. S. Gent. London Printed for Jo. Sprint at the Blue Bell and G. Conyers at the Ring in Little Britain 1697. THE PREFACE TO THE READER READER IN this small Tract I have laboured to set forth the best Methods to improve your Recreation in the Art of Fowling that it may truly be said to be a Pleasure separated from the extraordinary fatigue and toil some put themselves to on this occasion I have not only there inserted my own Experience but with them have laid down the Experiments of the most cunning and dexterous Proficients There is beside Pleasure Profit in this Exercise the Air affording you various Dainties to furnish your Table with that the Earth and Water seem to consent you should feast to your contentment if you will be industrious in taking what in great plenty they afford This Exercise moderately used is also very much conducing to Health by being up early and breathing the fresh Morning Airs and the Earths ascending Fragrancy I have gone through this Subject in all its parts not only to direct you how to take the Fowl of the Water and Land but what Materials you must order and make to that purpose with the exact way of managing them to the best advantage not to fail of success Nor is this all I have herein treated of Singing Birds and the several Diseases incident to them also their Cures for want of which Knowledge many fine Birds have been lost to the perplexity of the Owners I have done the like in relation to domestick Poultry with a speedy way to fatten Tame and Wild-fowl and that such as buy them alive or dead may not be imposed upon or cheated I have likewise set down unerring Directions to know their Age or Youngness Newness or Staleness and whether with Egg or no so that in this only you may in one Marketing save more than the Price of the Book And because nothing should be wanting to make it compleat I have added to it the way to destroy all sorts of Vermin in Houses Barns Fields or such as afflict the Bodys of Men. So hoping it will not fail to please I humbly submit it to your perusal and Candor who am Your Friend to serve You J. S. ADVERTISEMENT THe True Art of Angling Or the best way of Finding and Taking all sorts of Fish with all sorts of Baits with several other Secrets concerning the said Recreation the like never made publick before By J. S. Gent. The Pious Man's Directions shewing how to walk with God all his Days By a Well-wisher of the Whole Duty of Man Both printed for S. Sprint and G. Conyers The Compleat Cook Or the whole Art of Cookery describing the Best and Newest Ways of Dressing all sorts of Flesh Fish and Fowl likewise their proper Sauces and Garnishes With Instructions how to make the most approved Soops and Potages By several eminent Cooks Printed for G Conyers OF FOWL and their Haunts c. FOWLING is not only a pleasant but profitable Recreation contributing to the Health of the Body in its Exercise and furnishing the Table with Dainties Seeing then most are unskilful in the true method of it I have thought necessary for the accommodating Gentlemen and others to lay down such Rules and Directions in so easie and intelligible a manner as cannot but be pleasing and agreeable to all Persons who desire to be skilled herein As for the Haunts of Wild-Fowl though it is more usual in one place than another yet they are not always certain though they have especially at Seasons their Day-haunts and Night-haunts for particularly the greater sort such as are called Game and worth taking retire in the day-time to some place where they may securely rest in the evening they take their best feeding particularly Water-fowl who are the watchfullest and shiest of all others and these then are most usually found at small green Streams to which in the day-time they resort not unless excessive hard Weather or want of Food elsewhere compel them These Water-fowl are properly those that are called Web-footed though there is another sort that much frequent Marshes and watry places which are not so as the Bittern Heron c. But though these peculiarly delight in Fish which makes them resort where they are most likely to find them they swim not as the Wild-goose Duck Widgeon Moor-hen c. who delight in Rivers and large deep Waters and in Winter where the Currents or Springs deny access to the Frost and so watchful are they that they have their Scouts on all the Avenues to give the whole Body notice of any ones approach and speedily being alarmed they take wing and fly to such places as they suppose of more safety It is the nature of these Water-fowl to keep in Flocks and when at any time you see a single one or a couple flying there you may certainly conclude they have been separated from the rest by some great affrightment and will hardly rest till they have rejoined them And this separation often happens by the beating of the Haggards and Wild-hawks upon the Banks of the Rivers and other Waters pursuing them as they rise which causes this alteration But to come nearer to the purpose I now enter on the subject matter The ordering of the Net to take large Water-fowl IF you design to Net for the Water-fowl of any largeness consider that your Nets be made of strong firm Pack-thread well twisted and dried the Mashes or Squares large the better to intangle them but take this caution along with you That they be not so wide as to lose the Fowl by its creeping through This Net must be about two fathom deep and six in length and with neat strong Cord verge it on each side at either end extend it with long Poles that the lower ends of the Poles may be fastned with a piece of Line to two Stakes well driven into the ground that they may not give way and this must be done where you observe the feeding-places and morning-haunts of such Fowl Place