and_o smooth_o it_o be_v because_o it_o be_v not_o whet_v exact_o round_a if_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o make_v your_o line_n or_o hatch_n of_o a_o equal_a bigness_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o whether_o they_o be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a as_o those_o two_o line_n in_o the_o letter_n a_o b_o represent_v you_o must_v as_o reason_n will_v tell_v you_o lean_a on_o your_o point_n with_o a_o equal_a force_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o if_o you_o will_v make_v your_o stroke_n thick_a at_o one_o end_n then_o at_o the_o other_o as_o the_o second_o letter_n a_o b_o show_v you_o than_o you_o must_v lean_v on_o your_o point_n with_o your_o hand_n hard_o at_o the_o beginning_n and_o by_o degree_n light_a and_o light_a towards_o the_o end_n these_o three_o sort_n of_o line_n or_o hatch_n may_v indifferent_o serve_v for_o all_o manner_n of_o hatch_n your_o shadow_n in_o any_o design_n what_o soever_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o figure_n m_o n._n o_o p._n q_o g_o r._n t_o e_o v._n wherein_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o shadow_a be_v but_o a_o reiteration_n of_o the_o same_o stroke_n close_o one_o to_o another_o if_o you_o desire_v that_o your_o etch_n with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la shall_v look_v as_o like_o grave_v as_o may_v be_v you_o must_v lean_v hard_a upon_o your_o needle_n in_o those_o place_n where_o you_o will_v have_v the_o line_n appear_v deep_a and_o large_a that_o be_v so_o hard_o that_o the_o needle_n may_v make_v some_o impression_n in_o the_o copper_n and_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n you_o be_v to_o lean_v very_a light_n on_o those_o place_n which_o you_o will_v have_v appear_v faint_a and_o small_a if_o it_o happen_v that_o you_o have_v make_v some_o line_n or_o hatch_n too_o small_a and_o be_v desirous_a to_o enlarge_v your_o stroke_n you_o must_v pass_v it_o over_o again_o with_o a_o round_a short_a point_n of_o such_o a_o thickness_n as_o you_o desire_v your_o line_n shall_v be_v of_o and_o lean_a strong_a and_o firm_o on_o those_o part_n of_o the_o line_n which_o you_o will_v have_v large_a and_o deep_a if_o at_o any_o time_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o large_a line_n or_o hatch_n which_o you_o be_v to_o make_v you_o have_v use_v a_o oval_a point_n which_o be_v the_o best_a to_o cut_v the_o varnish_n you_o must_v afterward_o with_o one_o of_o your_o large_a needle_n whet_v short_a and_o round_o pass_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o say_a stroke_n firm_a and_o strong_o but_o especial_o in_o those_o place_n which_o you_o will_v have_v large_a and_o deep_a sect._n 14._o how_o to_o use_v the_o oval_a point_n to_o make_v large_a stroke_n in_o etch_v or_o grave_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la pl._n 5._o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n a_o b_o c_o d_o the_o form_n of_o those_o oval_a point_n and_o that_o part_n next_o to_o c_o describe_v the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o b_o d_o the_o side_n the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o be_v much_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v a_o pen_n only_o the_o flat_a side_n whet_v be_v usual_o hold_v towards_o the_o thumb_n as_o be_v represent_v in_o figure_n iii._o not_o but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v use_v otherwise_o with_o the_o face_n of_o the_o oval_a turn_v towards_o the_o midle-finger_n as_o it_o be_v show_v in_o fig._n four_o but_o i_o have_v find_v the_o other_o manner_n to_o be_v much_o better_a because_o that_o way_n you_o may_v more_o firm_o and_o with_o more_o strength_n enforce_v your_o stroke_n now_o to_o show_v you_o how_o to_o make_v your_o stroke_n large_a and_o deep_a and_o that_o these_o oval_a point_n be_v the_o most_o proper_a for_o it_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o two_o upper_a first_o and_o second_o figure_n which_o be_v make_v the_o large_a purposely_o that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o apprehend_v what_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o speak_v of_o it_o your_o own_o reason_n will_v tell_v you_o that_o if_o you_o lean_v light_o in_o make_v your_o stroke_n those_o stroke_n will_v according_o be_v less_o deep_a small_a and_o more_o faint_a for_o the_o hard_a you_o lean_a the_o deep_a and_o large_a your_o stroke_n will_v be_v of_o this_o you_o have_v a_o example_n in_o the_o three_o figure_n mark_v r_o n_o s_o where_o lean_v light_o at_o the_o beginning_n viz._n r._n and_o then_o hard_a by_o degree_n to_o n._n and_o afterward_o light_a by_o degree_n to_o s._n you_o make_v your_o stroke_n big_a or_o small_a according_a to_o your_o lean_v on_o it_o as_o you_o find_v represent_v in_o the_o say_v three_o figure_n some_o will_v first_o make_v their_o stroke_n with_o a_o round_a needle_n and_o then_o paste_v it_o over_o again_o with_o a_o oval_a point_n to_o enlarge_v it_o in_o those_o place_n which_o they_o will_v have_v deep_o and_o big_a but_o the_o other_o be_v the_o better_a way_n they_o that_o know_v how_o to_o grave_a after_o they_o have_v do_v etch_v their_o line_n with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la may_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o grave_a make_v they_o more_o neat_a and_o deep_o i_o shall_v only_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o advise_v you_o by_o the_o way_n that_o in_o make_v your_o stroke_n with_o your_o oval_a point_n you_o must_v hold_v they_o as_o upright_o and_o straight_o in_o your_o hand_n as_o you_o can_v and_o accustom_v yourself_o to_o strike_v your_o stroke_n firm_a and_o bold_a for_o that_o will_v contribute_v very_o much_o to_o their_o neatness_n and_o clearness_n to_o do_v this_o the_o better_a you_o must_v be_v very_o careful_a to_o have_v your_o point_n always_o well_o whet_v in_o those_o place_n which_o you_o will_v have_v appear_v in_o your_o piece_n by_o way_n of_o landscape_n that_o be_v at_o the_o further_a distance_n from_o the_o sight_n as_o also_o in_o those_o place_n which_o approach_v near_a the_o light_n you_o must_v use_v a_o very_a slender_a point_n lean_v so_o light_o with_o your_o hand_n as_o to_o make_v a_o small_a faint_a stroke_n but_o when_o you_o come_v to_o those_o place_n which_o you_o will_v have_v more_o shadow_v lean_a so_o much_o the_o hard_a as_o that_o when_o you_o come_v to_o eat_v it_o in_o with_o your_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la you_o may_v cover_v most_o of_o your_o faint_a place_n at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n for_o you_o must_v know_v that_o those_o stroke_n which_o you_o lean_v light_a on_o do_v little_o more_o than_o raise_v up_o the_o varnish_n so_o that_o when_o you_o shall_v apply_v your_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o etch_v it_o it_o will_v appear_v much_o faint_a than_o in_o those_o place_n where_o you_o have_v lean_v with_o great_a force_n though_o the_o stroke_n be_v do_v with_o one_o and_o the_o same_o needle_n insomuch_o that_o when_o you_o shall_v have_v cover_v the_o great_a part_n of_o your_o faint_a place_n with_o your_o mixture_n those_o place_n whereon_o you_o lean_v more_o strong_o will_v appear_v deep_a though_o they_o be_v all_o cover_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o your_o work_n be_v careful_a to_o brush_v off_o all_o the_o dust_n which_o you_o work_v off_o with_o your_o needle_n sect._n 15._o how_o to_o prepare_v your_o plate_n to_o receive_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la your_o plate_n be_v finish_v and_o ready_a for_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la brush_v off_o all_o the_o rubbish_n and_o dust_n that_o be_v in_o the_o stroke_n and_o if_o there_o happen_v to_o be_v any_o stroke_n which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la eat_v into_o or_o any_o place_n where_o the_o varnish_n be_v rub_v off_o then_o melt_v your_o mixture_n of_o oil_n and_o grease_n which_o you_o have_v make_v and_o with_o a_o pencil_n big_a or_o small_a according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o those_o place_n which_o you_o will_v mend_v cover_v those_o place_n indifferent_o thick_a and_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v not_o eat_v in_o this_o do_v take_v a_o brush_n or_o pencil_n or_o rag_n and_o dip_v it_o into_o the_o say_a mixture_n of_o oil_n and_o grease_n and_o rub_v the_o backside_n of_o your_o plate_n all_o over_o to_o prevent_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la from_o eat_v any_o part_n of_o it_o but_o take_v heed_n that_o your_o mixture_n be_v not_o too_o thin_a or_o liquid_a for_o if_o it_o be_v when_o you_o cast_v your_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la on_o the_o plate_n it_o will_v force_v it_o from_o those_o place_n whereto_o you_o have_v apply_v it_o when_o i_o find_v my_o mixture_n begin_v to_o grow_v cold_a i_o common_o use_v to_o put_v some_o small_a quantity_n of_o it_o on_o my_o left_a hand_n thereby_o to_o keep_v it_o warm_v to_o be_v use_v as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v in_o the_o winter_n time_n especial_o when_o the_o weather_n be_v cold_a and_o moist_a before_o you_o apply_v your_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o the_o plate_n it_o will_v not_o
which_o make_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o oval_a you_o come_v at_o the_o second_o time_n to_o cover_v that_o space_n which_o be_v between_o the_o line_n a_o b_o c_o and_o the_o line_n e_o o_fw-fr f._n conceive_v well_o that_o have_v suffer_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o eat_v in_o for_o the_o time_n requisite_a it_o will_v have_v a_o effect_n somewhat_o near_o that_o which_o you_o expect_v at_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o plate_n you_o have_v the_o form_n of_o a_o woman_n arm_n wherein_o you_o may_v perceive_v by_o the_o line_n mark_v a_o b_o c_o d_o as_o also_o by_o the_o other_o which_o lie_v yet_o near_o the_o shadow_n how_o the_o small_a hatch_n and_o faint_a place_n be_v ordinary_o cover_v at_o two_o several_a operation_n as_o occasion_n shall_v require_v though_o in_o the_o forementioned_a example_n of_o the_o arm_n one_o time_n cover_v might_n haply_o serve_v i_o have_v also_o think_v fit_a at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o plate_n to_o set_v down_o four_o several_a piece_n of_o ground_n in_o landscape_n the_o first_o mark_v m_o m_o m_o be_v the_o first_o cover_v as_o be_v the_o far_a of_o all_o from_o the_o eye_n then_o at_o another_o operation_n that_o mark_v n_o n_o n_o then_o that_o mark_v o_o o_o o_o there_o be_v only_o that_o mark_v p_o wherein_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la eat_v in_o full_a and_o deep_a if_o it_o happen_v that_o when_o you_o dry_v your_o plate_n by_o the_o fire_n to_o take_v off_o the_o moisture_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o that_o the_o mixture_n for_o want_v of_o care_n do_v melt_v and_o run_v into_o those_o hatch_n and_o stroke_n where_o you_o will_v have_v the_o water_n to_o eat_v in_o further_a wipe_v the_o place_n with_o a_o soft_a cloth_n then_o take_v the_o crumb_n of_o stale_a bread_n and_o rub_v the_o place_n therewith_o till_o such_o time_n as_o you_o conceive_v you_o have_v take_v off_o all_o the_o greasinesse_n this_o remedy_n be_v only_o appliable_a in_o point_n of_o extremity_n for_o you_o be_v to_o note_v that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o take_v out_o the_o grease_n so_o clear_o but_o that_o it_o will_v somewhat_o hinder_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o therefore_o there_o must_v be_v the_o more_o care_n take_v to_o prevent_v it_o have_v thus_o cover_v your_o place_n as_o occasion_n require_v for_o the_o second_o time_n place_v your_o plate_n on_o the_o board_n aforesaid_a and_o pour_v on_o it_o your_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la for_o another_o good_a half_a hour_n that_o do_v wash_v it_o with_o water_n and_o dry_v it_o as_o former_o and_o cover_v the_o place_n you_o think_v require_v it_o for_o the_o three_o time_n for_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o faint_a place_n be_v to_o be_v proportionable_a to_o that_o be_v more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o several_a design_n and_o piece_n you_o work_v upon_o when_o you_o have_v do_v this_o pour_v on_o your_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la upon_o it_o for_o the_o last_o time_n and_o it_o be_v at_o this_o operation_n that_o you_o be_v to_o bestow_v more_o or_o less_o time_n above_o the_o precedent_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o your_o work_n for_o instance_n if_o there_o be_v in_o your_o plate_n such_o hatch_n and_o shadow_n as_o require_v much_o depth_n and_o fullness_n and_o consequent_o must_v be_v very_o black_a you_o be_v to_o pour_v on_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n or_o better_v at_o this_o last_o operation_n alone_o that_o be_v proportionable_o to_o the_o precedent_n you_o may_v well_o imagine_v that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certain_a rule_n give_v in_o general_a either_o as_o to_o the_o convenient_a cover_n of_o the_o place_n or_o the_o precise_a space_n of_o time_n that_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v in_o cast_v on_o the_o water_n for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v conceive_v that_o callot_v pour_v as_o much_o water_n on_o his_o little_a piece_n as_o he_o do_v on_o those_o that_o be_v great_a i_o tell_v you_o before_o how_o that_o you_o may_v rub_v off_o your_o varnish_n or_o ground_n as_o occasion_n require_v with_o a_o charcoal_n to_o see_v whether_o the_o water_n have_v eat_v in_o deep_a enough_o you_o be_v therefore_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o space_n of_o time_n that_o you_o be_v to_o employ_v in_o pour_v on_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la by_o the_o work_v you_o be_v to_o do_v and_o where_o i_o tell_v you_o that_o you_o may_v bestow_v a_o hour_n and_o better_o on_o the_o last_o operation_n my_o meaning_n be_v in_o piece_n that_o require_v much_o blackness_n all_o which_o notwithstanding_o it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o all_o copper_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la not_o be_v of_o the_o same_o strength_n nature_n and_o equality_n you_o be_v to_o proceed_v according_o have_v therefore_o pour_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la upon_o your_o plate_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o hour_n more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o work_n require_v as_o be_v before_o say_v wash_v it_o again_o with_o fair_a water_n but_o you_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o dry_v it_o as_o in_o the_o precedent_a operation_n but_o put_v it_o wet_a as_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o fire_n till_o your_o mixture_n be_v all_o melt_v and_o then_o wipe_v it_o very_o clean_a on_o both_o side_n with_o a_o linen_n cloth_n till_o you_o have_v quite_o take_v away_o all_o the_o mixture_n sect._n 18._o how_o to_o take_v the_o ground_n or_o the_o varnish_n off_o the_o plate_n after_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la have_v do_v its_o operation_n take_v a_o charcoal_n of_o willow_n or_o some_o such_o soft_a grain_v wood_n and_o take_v off_o the_o rind_n of_o it_o and_o pour_v fair_a water_n on_o the_o plate_n rub_v it_o with_o the_o charcoal_n with_o a_o even_a hand_n as_o if_o you_o be_v to_o polish_v copper_n and_o it_o will_v take_v off_o the_o varnish_n be_v careful_a that_o no_o dust_n or_o filth_n fall_v upon_o the_o plate_n as_o also_o that_o the_o charcoal_n be_v free_a from_o all_o knot_n and_o roughness_n for_o it_o may_v occasion_v small_a scratch_n in_o the_o plate_n which_o it_o will_v be_v difficult_a to_o get_v out_o especial_o in_o those_o place_n which_o be_v most_o faint_a and_o sweet_a note_v that_o you_o be_v not_o to_o use_v such_o a_o burn_a coal_n as_o you_o do_v to_o polish_v withal_o when_o the_o varnish_n be_v take_v off_o the_o plate_n be_v of_o a_o unpleasant_a colour_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o fire_n and_o water_n upon_o it_o to_o reduce_v it_o therefore_o to_o its_o proper_a colour_n take_v some_o ordinary_a aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o which_o add_v two_o three_o part_n of_o fair_a water_n and_o with_o a_o little_a linen_n rag_n dip_v therein_o rub_v your_o plate_n all_o over_o and_o you_o will_v find_v it_o come_v to_o its_o ordinary_a colour_n and_o beauty_n that_o do_v take_v immediate_o a_o dry_a linen_n rag_n and_o wipe_v it_o all_o over_o so_o as_o to_o take_v off_o all_o the_o foresay_a water_n then_o hold_v your_o plate_n a_o little_a to_o the_o fire_n and_o pour_v on_o it_o a_o little_a sallad-oyl_n and_o with_o the_o brim_n of_o a_o old_a beaver_n roll_v up_o rub_v your_o plate_n well_o all_o over_o with_o it_o then_o wipe_v it_o with_o a_o dry_a cloth_n this_o do_v you_o will_v perceive_v plain_o if_o there_o be_v any_o place_n that_o require_v to_o be_v touch_v with_o the_o grave_a as_o it_o for_o the_o most_o part_n happen_v especial_o in_o those_o place_n that_o be_v to_o be_v most_o black_a for_o you_o may_v well_o judge_v that_o when_o there_o be_v many_o stroke_n and_o hatching_n one_o close_o to_o another_o there_o be_v so_o little_a varnish_n between_o that_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la common_o take_v it_o off_o because_o it_o eat_v under_o it_o but_o if_o this_o happen_v when_o you_o cast_v on_o your_o water_n you_o may_v present_o cover_v those_o place_n where_o you_o perceive_v the_o varnish_n to_o break_v up_o with_o the_o mixture_n it_o be_v much_o more_o easy_a to_o touch_v it_o afterward_o with_o the_o grave_a than_o when_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la have_v make_v a_o pit_n therein_o which_o at_o the_o work_n of_o it_o off_o at_o the_o press_n cause_v a_o great_a black_a patch_n but_o after_o some_o number_n of_o copy_n take_v off_o the_o say_a patch_n seem_v to_o be_v white_a because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n for_o the_o ink_n to_o fasten_v on_o have_v therefore_o in_o good_a time_n cover_v that_o part_n you_o have_v no_o more_o to_o do_v but_o to_o perfect_v those_o stroke_n and_o hatching_n to_o make_v they_o more_o firm_a and_o beautiful_a which_o do_v your_o plate_n be_v ready_a for_o the_o rolling_n press_n of_o soft_a varnish_n sect._n 19_o how_o to_o make_v it_o and_o the_o use_v it_o be_v
it_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o cause_v the_o varnish_n to_o break_v up_o nor_o to_o many_o other_o accident_n as_o the_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o sight_n or_o to_o one_o health_n as_o that_o of_o the_o refiner_n be_v nevertheless_o every_o one_o may_v use_v which_o of_o they_o he_o please_v sect._n 22._o the_o manner_n how_o to_o lay_v a_o white_a ground_n upon_o your_o hard_a or_o soft_a varnish_n there_o be_v a_o way_n to_o whiten_v your_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n instead_o of_o make_v they_o black_a with_o a_o candle_n which_o be_v thus_o when_o you_o have_v apply_v your_o hard_a varnish_n as_o have_v be_v teach_v upon_o the_o plate_n harden_v it_o upon_o the_o fire_n without_o black_n it_o yet_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o if_o it_o be_v black_v then_o let_v the_o plate_n cool_v and_o have_v get_v white_a ceruse_n and_o put_v it_o into_o a_o earthen_a dish_n well_o lead_v with_o a_o little_a flanders_n starch_n in_o it_o set_v they_o upon_o the_o fire_n and_o melt_v they_o together_o make_v they_o pretty_a hot_a that_o be_v do_v take_v up_o the_o white_a ceruse_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v indifferent_o clear_a with_o a_o brush_n or_o great_a pencil_n of_o hog_n hair_n and_o therewith_o whiten_v your_o varnish_n lay_v it_o as_o thin_a and_o as_o even_o as_o you_o can_v then_o leave_v it_o to_o dry_a lay_v the_o plate_n flat_a in_o some_o convenient_a place_n and_o if_o by_o chance_n in_o whiten_v it_o the_o white_z be_v difficult_a to_o spread_v you_o need_v do_v no_o more_o but_o put_v among_o the_o say_v white_a ceruse_n a_o drop_n or_o two_o of_o the_o gall_n of_o a_o ox_n and_o so_o mingle_v they_o together_o in_o the_o dish_n with_o your_o brush_n and_o for_o the_o soft_a varnish_n you_o shall_v need_v only_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n after_o you_o have_v lay_v it_o upon_o the_o plate_n and_o extend_v it_o very_o even_o with_o the_o feather_a end_n of_o your_o quill_n some_o will_v say_v that_o if_o they_o black_a it_o before_o they_o apply_v the_o white_a upon_o it_o when_o they_o come_v afterward_o to_o grave_n the_o hatching_n will_v be_v the_o more_o black_a and_o by_o consequence_n will_v appear_v so_o much_o the_o more_o distinct_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v first_o that_o when_o it_o be_v black_v the_o white_a will_v not_o touch_v it_o and_o that_o they_o must_v not_o venture_v to_o put_v so_o much_o gall_n for_o fear_v of_o spoil_v the_o varnish_n second_o that_o if_o the_o white_a shall_v spread_v well_o yet_o it_o will_v not_o appear_v otherwise_o then_o grey_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o black_n of_o the_o say_a varnish_n unless_o you_o shall_v lay_v it_o so_o thick_a that_o all_o will_v be_v nothing_o worth_a the_o mark_v of_o your_o design_n upon_o soft_a varnish_n be_v perform_v with_o the_o dust_n of_o red_a chalk_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v speak_v of_o hard_a varnish_n or_o with_o rub_v well_o the_o paper_n or_o design_n with_o the_o dust_n of_o black_a chalk_n or_o black_a lead_n when_o the_o varnish_n be_v make_v white_a for_o red_a chalk_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o a_o black_a ground_n when_o you_o shall_v have_v grave_v that_o which_o you_o intend_v upon_o the_o soft_a varnish_n and_o that_o you_o go_v about_o to_o etch_v your_o plate_n with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la that_o which_o you_o have_v then_o to_o do_v be_v to_o take_v a_o little_a fair_a water_n somewhat_o more_o than_o lukewarm_a and_o to_o cast_v it_o upon_o the_o say_a plate_n and_o then_o with_o a_o soft_a clean_a sponge_n or_o with_o the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o end_n of_o your_o finger_n to_o rub_v upon_o the_o say_v white_a ceruse_n to_o moisten_v it_o all_o over_o afterward_o wash_v the_o say_a plate_n to_o take_v off_o the_o whiting_n of_o it_o and_o then_o dry_v it_o last_o you_o may_v lay_v on_o which_o of_o the_o two_o aqua_fw-la fortiss_n you_o please_v and_o for_o the_o preserve_n of_o the_o say_v white_a varnish_n while_o you_o be_v work_v you_o shall_v only_o need_v to_o lay_v upon_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o soft_a linen_n in_o stead_n of_o paper_n or_o else_o of_o damask_a linen_n if_o you_o shall_v choose_v rather_o to_o take_v away_o the_o say_a whiting_n you_o must_v take_v some_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la of_o the_o refiner_n temper_v with_o fair_a water_n lay_v it_o upon_o the_o plate_n disperse_v it_o all_o over_o this_o will_v soak_v and_o quick_o eat_v in_o after_o that_o you_o have_v also_o throw_v clean_o fair_a water_n upon_o it_o have_v in_o this_o manner_n take_v away_o the_o whiting_n you_o shall_v also_o let_v the_o water_n dry_v up_o which_o shall_v remain_v upon_o it_o and_o last_o cause_n it_o to_o eat_v into_o your_o work_n as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o sect._n 23._o another_o way_n how_o to_o lay_v a_o white_a upon_o your_o varnish_n take_v ceruse_n of_o the_o best_a and_o grind_v it_o very_o fine_a upon_o a_o stone_n with_o fair_a water_n that_o be_v do_v take_v gum-water_n and_o pour_v a_o small_a quantity_n upon_o the_o stone_n and_o mix_v it_o with_o the_o ceruse_n then_o take_v a_o large_a pencil_n of_o hog_n hair_n or_o the_o like_a provide_v it_o be_v not_o too_o stiff_a with_o that_o pencil_n take_v it_o off_o the_o stone_n and_o spread_v it_o thin_a all_o over_o your_o plate_n and_o immediate_a after_o take_v a_o large_a pencil_n make_v of_o long_a and_o very_a soft_a hair_n either_o of_o a_o fox_n tail_n or_o bear_v hair_n and_o with_o a_o very_a light_n and_o gentle_a hand_n pass_v it_o all_o over_o the_o plate_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o lie_v exact_o even_o in_o all_o part_n that_o the_o streak_n of_o the_o former_a brush_n may_v not_o appear_v then_o place_v your_o plate_n so_o that_o it_o may_v lie_v very_o even_o and_o let_v it_o dry_v by_o the_o way_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o give_v you_o this_o advertisement_n that_o you_o be_v not_o to_o mix_v too_o much_o gum_n with_o the_o white_a nor_o too_o little_a for_o if_o there_o be_v too_o much_o it_o will_v break_v and_o crack_v the_o varnish_n if_o there_o be_v too_o little_a it_o will_v easy_o rub_v off_o therefore_o you_o must_v be_v careful_a to_o use_v neither_o more_o nor_o less_o than_o will_v just_o serve_v to_o bind_v the_o white_a upon_o the_o plate_n likewise_o you_o must_v have_v a_o care_v not_o to_o lay_v it_o too_o thick_a for_o if_o it_o be_v you_o can_v work_v with_o that_o neatness_n and_o curiosity_n as_o otherwise_o you_o may_v sect._n 24._o here_o follow_v the_o manner_n after_o that_o your_o plate_n be_v eat_v into_o by_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la how_o to_o touch_v up_o or_o regrave_n that_o which_o haply_o you_o may_v have_v forget_v or_o that_o which_o you_o will_v amend_v or_o supply_v before_o i_o make_v a_o end_n i_o think_v fit_v to_o show_v you_o the_o manner_n how_o to_o touch_v over_o again_o many_o thing_n according_a as_o need_n may_v require_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la as_o when_o it_o happen_v that_o have_v make_v upon_o your_o copper_n any_o thing_n that_o do_v not_o at_o all_o please_v you_o and_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n have_v cover_v it_o with_o your_o oily_a mixture_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la shall_v not_o perform_v its_o operation_n or_o that_o you_o will_v add_v any_o ornament_n either_o in_o drapery_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o may_v be_v think_v on_o upon_o several_a occasion_n in_o this_o case_n therefore_o take_v your_o plate_n and_o rub_v it_o over_o well_o with_o oyl-olive_n in_o those_o place_n where_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n grave_v in_o such_o sort_n as_o that_o the_o blackness_n and_o foulness_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v in_o the_o hatching_n or_o stroke_n may_v be_v take_v away_o afterward_o take_v out_o the_o grease_n so_o thorough_o with_o crumm_n of_o bread_n that_o there_o may_v remain_v no_o grease_n nor_o filth_n upon_o the_o plate_n nor_o in_o any_o of_o the_o stroke_n or_o hatching_n then_o heat_v it_o upon_o a_o charcoal_n fire_n and_o spread_v the_o soft_a varnish_n upon_o it_o with_o a_o feather_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o that_o which_o you_o be_v to_o take_v special_a care_n of_o be_v that_o the_o hatching_n which_o you_o will_v have_v to_o remain_v be_v fill_v with_o varnish_n that_o be_v do_v black_a it_o and_o then_o you_o may_v touch_v over_o again_o or_o add_v what_o you_o intend_v and_o last_o make_v your_o hatching_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o your_o needl_v according_a as_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o work_n shall_v require_v be_v careful_a before_o you_o put_v on_o the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o cover_v with_o your_o oily_a mixture_n as_o be_v say_v before_o the_o first_o grave_v which_o be_v
upon_o your_o plate_n for_o in_o case_n that_o the_o varnish_n shall_v not_o have_v enter_v all_o over_o that_o to_o be_v sure_a will_n in_o so_o much_o that_o if_o it_o shall_v happen_v in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o hatching_n there_o shall_v be_v neither_o of_o the_o mixture_n nor_o varnish_n the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la will_v not_o fail_v to_o enter_v and_o spoil_v all_o have_v then_o cause_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la to_o eat_v into_o your_o work_n take_v away_o your_o varnish_n from_o your_o plate_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o fire_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o the_o art_n of_o grave_v sect._n 25._o the_o several_a way_n of_o draw_v your_o design_n upon_o the_o plate_n before_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o manner_n of_o manage_v and_o whet_v your_o graver_n i_o think_v it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o let_v you_o know_v the_o way_n that_o be_v use_v in_o the_o draw_v your_o design_n upon_o the_o plate_n which_o must_v be_v of_o the_o same_o bigness_n as_o your_o design_n or_o print_n be_v which_o you_o intend_v to_o copy_n put_v your_o plate_n upon_o the_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o heat_v a_o little_a then_o take_v a_o piece_n of_o the_o white_a virgin-wax_n and_o spread_v it_o thin_a over_o the_o plate_n and_o with_o a_o smooth_a feather_n gentle_o stroke_n it_o all_o over_o to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v lie_v the_o more_o even_a and_o smooth_a then_o let_v it_o cool_v if_o you_o intend_v to_o copy_n a_o print_a picture_n and_o that_o you_o will_v have_v it_o to_o print_v off_o the_o same_o way_n when_o it_o be_v grave_v with_o your_o pattern_n than_o you_o must_v place_v your_o picture_n which_o you_o will_v grave_n with_o the_o face_n or_o print_a side_n next_o to_o your_o plate_n wax_v over_o as_o be_v before_o mention_v and_o have_v place_v it_o very_o exact_o rub_v the_o backside_n of_o the_o print_n with_o a_o burnisher_n or_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v smooth_a and_o round_a and_o you_o will_v find_v that_o it_o will_v stick_v to_o the_o wax_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o copper_n when_o you_o have_v so_o do_v take_v off_o the_o print_n begin_v at_o one_o side_n or_o corner_n but_o be_v careful_a you_o take_v it_o not_o off_o to_o hasty_o for_o by_o so_o do_v you_o may_v tear_v your_o print_n or_o design_n and_o also_o if_o you_o put_v your_o wax_n to_o thick_a upon_o the_o plate_n it_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o cause_v the_o same_o inconvenience_n but_o if_o you_o will_v grave_n it_o the_o same_o way_n as_o your_o print_n or_o design_n be_v then_o take_v the_o dust_n of_o black-lead_a or_o black-chalk_n and_o rub_v the_o backside_n of_o your_o draw_v or_o print_v all_o over_o therewith_o and_o place_n it_o with_o that_o side_n so_o black_v towards_o the_o plate_n so_o wax_v as_o be_v before_o mention_v and_o with_o your_o needle_n or_o drawing-point_n draw_v all_o the_o out-line_n of_o your_o design_n and_o you_o will_v find_v all_o those_o line_n upon_o your_o plate_n but_o if_o you_o desire_v to_o preserve_v the_o backside_n of_o your_o design_n from_o be_v black_v with_o the_o dust_n before_o mention_v then_o take_v a_o fine_a thin_a piece_n of_o white_a paper_n of_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o design_n and_o instead_o of_o rub_v the_o backside_n of_o your_o print_n or_o design_n rub_v one_o side_n of_o the_o say_a paper_n with_o the_o dust_n or_o powder_n of_o black-chalk_n as_o be_v before_o mention_v and_o place_v it_o with_o the_o side_n so_o black_v next_o to_o the_o plate_n wax_v over-lay_a the_o backside_n of_o your_o design_n upon_o the_o paper_n and_o fix_v they_o both_o firm_a to_o your_o plate_n at_o each_o corner_n with_o a_o little_a wax_n then_o draw_v the_o out-line_n of_o your_o design_n only_a note_n that_o you_o must_v lean_v somewhat_o hard_o with_o your_o needle_n in_o draw_v sect._n 26._o the_o form_n of_o graving-tool_n as_o also_o the_o manner_n of_o whet_v your_o graver_n pl._n 9_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o this_o figure_n will_v show_v two_o sort_n of_o graving-tool_n the_o one_o form_v square_a the_o other_o lozenge_n the_o square_a graver_n make_v a_o broad_a and_o shallow_a stroke_n or_o hatch_v and_o the_o lozenge_n make_v a_o deep_a and_o narrow_a stroke_n the_o use_n of_o the_o square_a graver_n be_v to_o make_v the_o large_a stroke_n and_o the_o use_n of_o the_o other_o be_v to_o make_v the_o stroke_n more_o delicate_a and_o lively_a but_o i_o prefer_v a_o grave_a make_v of_o a_o indifferent_a size_n betwixt_o both_o these_o two_o which_o will_v make_v your_o stroke_n or_o hatch_n show_v with_o more_o life_n and_o vigour_n and_o yet_o with_o sufficient_a force_n according_a as_o you_o shall_v manage_v it_o in_o your_o work_n the_o form_n of_o which_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o i._o and_o ii_o figure_n the_o iii_o figure_n show_v you_o how_o to_o whet_v the_o two_o side_n of_o your_o graver_n which_o be_v to_o be_v do_v in_o this_o manner_n follow_v you_o must_v have_v a_o very_a good_a oyl-stone_n smooth_a and_o flat_a and_o have_v pour_v a_o little_a salad_n oil_n thereupon_o take_v the_o grave_a and_o lay_v one_o side_n of_o it_o that_o which_o you_o intend_v shall_v cut_v the_o copper_n flat_a upon_o the_o stone_n whet_v that_o side_n very_o flat_a and_o even_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n have_v a_o especial_a care_n to_o carry_v your_o hand_n steadfast_a and_o with_o a_o equal_a strength_n prace_v your_o forefinger_n very_o firm_a upon_o the_o opposite_a side_n of_o your_o grave_a to_o the_o end_n that_o you_o may_v guide_v it_o with_o the_o more_o exactness_n then_o turn_v the_o very_a next_o side_n of_o your_o graver_n and_o whet_v that_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n as_o you_o do_v the_o other_o so_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o very_a sharp_a edge_n for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o inch_n or_o better_a then_o turn_v uppermost_o that_o edge_n which_o you_o have_v so_o whet_v and_o set_v the_o end_n of_o your_o graver_n oblique_o upon_o the_o stone_n carry_v your_o hand_n exact_o even_o to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v be_v whet_v very_o flat_a and_o slope_v in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o lozenge_n make_v to_o the_o edge_n a_o sharp_a point_n as_o the_o figure_n four_o show_n you_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a that_o you_o take_v great_a care_n in_o the_o exact_a whet_n of_o your_o grave_a for_o it_o be_v impossible_a that_o you_o shall_v ever_o work_v with_o that_o neatness_n and_o curiosity_n as_o you_o desire_v if_o your_o grave_a be_v not_o very_o good_a and_o right_o whet_v i_o can_v demonstrate_v it_o so_o plain_a and_o full_o by_o figure_n and_o discourse_n as_o i_o will_v if_o you_o have_v acquaintance_n with_o a_o artist_n in_o this_o way_n you_o may_v easy_o understand_v it_o in_o a_o short_a time_n sect._n 27._o the_o manner_n how_o to_o hold_v your_o graver_n with_o other_o particular_n you_o may_v see_v also_o that_o the_o uppermost_a part_n of_o this_o figure_n describe_v to_o you_o the_o form_n of_o two_o graver_n with_o their_o handle_n fit_v for_o the_o whet_n they_o that_o use_v this_o art_n do_v before_o they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o common_o cut_v away_o that_o part_n of_o the_o knob_v or_o bowl_n that_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o their_o handle_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o line_n with_o the_o edge_n of_o their_o grave_a to_o the_o end_n it_o may_v not_o obstruct_v or_o hinder_v they_o in_o their_o grave_v as_o the_o figure_n ii_o show_n you_o for_o if_o you_o shall_v work_v upon_o a_o large_a plate_n you_o will_v find_v that_o part_n of_o your_o handle_n if_o it_o be_v not_o cut_v away_o will_v rest_v so_o upon_o the_o copper_n that_o it_o will_v hinder_v the_o smooth_a and_o even_a carriage_n of_o your_o hand_n in_o make_v your_o stroke_n or_o hatch_n also_o it_o will_v cause_v your_o graver_n to_o run_v into_o the_o copper_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o you_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o manage_v it_o at_o your_o pleasure_n the_o three_o figure_n describe_v to_o you_o the_o way_n of_o hold_v your_o graver_n which_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n you_o must_v place_v the_o knob_v or_o ball_n of_o the_o handle_n of_o your_o grave_a in_o the_o hollow_a of_o your_o hand_n and_o have_v extend_v your_o forefinger_n towards_o the_o point_n of_o your_o graver_n lay_v it_o opposite_a to_o the_o edge_n that_o shall_v cut_v the_o copper_n place_v your_o other_o finger_n on_o the_o side_n of_o your_o handle_n and_o your_o thumb_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o grave_a in_o such_o sort_n that_o you_o may_v guide_v your_o grave_a flat_a and_o parallel_n with_o the_o plate_n as_o you_o may_v see_v in_o the_o four_o figure_n be_v careful_a that_o your_o finger_n do_v not_o interpose_v between_o the_o plate_n and_o the_o grave_a for_o they_o will_v be_v troublesome_a and_o hinder_v you_o in_o carry_v your_o grave_a level_n with_o the_o plate_n so_o that_o you_o can_v make_v your_o stroke_n with_o that_o freedom_n and_o neatness_n as_o otherwise_o you_o may_v this_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o give_v you_o notice_n of_o in_o this_o place_n because_o the_o skill_n of_o hold_v your_o graver_n be_v that_o which_o you_o must_v first_o perfect_o learn_v and_o be_v able_a to_o practice_v without_o pain_n or_o difficulty_n or_o else_o you_o will_v not_o gain_v so_o great_a a_o readiness_n and_o command_n of_o your_o hand_n as_o be_v require_v in_o a_o accurate_a and_o skilful_a graver_n sect._n 28._o the_o mauner_n of_o govern_v your_o hand_n in_o grave_v and_o other_o particular_n have_v describe_v the_o way_n of_o hold_v your_o graver_n the_o next_o thing_n be_v to_o show_v you_o how_o to_o guide_v your_o grave_a upon_o the_o plate_n in_o make_v of_o your_o stroke_n which_o be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a that_o you_o may_v work_v with_o the_o more_o ease_n and_o convenience_n you_o must_v have_v a_o strong_a round_a leather_n cushion_n fill_v with_o sand_n or_o fine_a dust_n let_v it_o be_v make_v about_o half_a a_o foot_n broad_a in_o the_o diameter_n and_o three_o or_o four_o inch_n deep_a lay_v this_o upon_o a_o table_n which_o stand_v fast_o and_o firm_a then_o lay_v your_o plate_n upon_o the_o cushion_n as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o ii_o figure_n in_o the_o former_a section_n when_o you_o be_v to_o make_v any_o straight_a stroke_n hold_v your_o graver_n as_o be_v direct_v in_o the_o former_a section_n and_o if_o you_o will_v have_v your_o stroke_n deep_a or_o broad_a in_o one_o place_n than_o in_o another_o in_o that_o place_n where_o you_o will_v have_v they_o deep_a you_o must_v press_v your_o hand_n hard_a but_o especial_o in_o make_v of_o a_o straight_a stroke_n be_v careful_a to_o hold_v your_o plate_n firm_a and_o steadfast_a upon_o the_o cushion_n and_o if_o you_o make_v any_o crooked_a or_o wind_a stroke_n then_o hold_v your_o hand_n and_o graver_n steadfast_a and_o as_o you_o work_v turn_v your_o plate_n against_o your_o grave_a for_o otherwise_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o you_o to_o make_v any_o crooked_a or_o wind_a stroke_n with_o that_o neatness_n and_o command_n as_o by_o this_o mean_v you_o may_v if_o you_o do_v not_o move_v your_o plate_n and_o keep_v your_o arm_n and_o elbow_n fix_v or_o rest_v on_o the_o table_n if_o as_o you_o be_v work_v your_o graver_n happen_v to_o break_v often_o on_o the_o point_n it_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v temper_v too_o hard_o therefore_o take_v a_o red_a hot_a charcoal_n and_o lay_v the_o end_n of_o your_o grave_a upon_o it_o and_o when_o you_o perceive_v your_o graver_n to_o wax_v yellowish_a dip_v it_o in_o the_o water_n if_o your_o graver_n become_v blunt_a without_o break_v it_o be_v a_o sign_n it_o be_v nothing_o worth_a it_o will_v be_v convenient_a for_o you_o to_o have_v a_o piece_n of_o box_n or_o hard_a wood_n that_o after_o you_o have_v sharpen_v your_o graver_n by_o strike_v the_o point_n of_o it_o into_o the_o say_a box_n or_o hard_a wood_n you_o may_v take_v off_o all_o the_o roughness_n about_o the_o point_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o whet_v it_o upon_o the_o oyl-stone_n after_o you_o have_v grave_v part_n of_o your_o work_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o scrape_v it_o with_o a_o sharp_a edge_n of_o another_o grave_a carry_v it_o along_o even_o with_o the_o plate_n to_o take_v off_o the_o roughness_n of_o the_o stroke_n but_o in_o so_o do_v take_v heed_n of_o make_v any_o new_a scratch_n in_o your_o work_n to_o the_o end_n you_o may_v better_o see_v that_o which_o be_v grave_v they_o common_o roll_v up_o close_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o black_a felt_n or_o castor_n liquor_v over_o a_o little_a with_o oyl-olive_n and_o therewith_o rub_v the_o place_n grave_v and_o if_o you_o perceive_v any_o scratch_n in_o your_o plate_n rub_v they_o out_o with_o your_o burnisher_n and_o if_o you_o have_v grave_v any_o of_o your_o stroke_n too_o deep_a you_o make_v they_o appear_v faint_a with_o rub_v they_o with_o your_o burnisher_n finis_fw-la
scratch_n when_o you_o have_v do_v this_o wash_v it_o clean_o and_o dry_v it_o by_o the_o fire_n and_o if_o by_o any_o accident_n your_o plate_n be_v foul_a or_o greasy_a take_v the_o crumb_n of_o stale_a bread_n or_o fine-powdered_n chalk_n and_o rub_v your_o plate_n over_o with_o it_o the_o plate_n be_v thus_o polish_v and_o cleanse_v be_v fit_o prepare_v to_o lay_v on_o your_o varnish_n sect._n 7._o how_o to_o apply_v your_o hard_a varnish_n on_o the_o plate_n and_o make_v it_o black_a take_v your_o plate_n thus_o cleanse_v and_o lay_v it_o on_o a_o chafing-dish_n with_o a_o little_a fire_n in_o it_o and_o when_o it_o be_v indifferent_o hot_a take_v it_o away_o and_o take_v up_o some_o of_o the_o varnish_n with_o a_o little_a stick_n and_o put_v a_o drop_n of_o it_o on_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o your_o finger_n then_o light_o touch_v the_o plate_n with_o the_o top_n of_o your_o finger_n in_o several_a place_n at_o equal_a distance_n as_o the_o uppermost_a figure_n in_o the_o plate_n show_v you_o the_o same_o be_v mark_v with_o the_o letter_n o_o and_o lay_v no_o more_o on_o one_o place_n then_o on_o another_o and_o if_o your_o plate_n grow_v cold_a heat_v it_o again_o as_o before_o be_v very_o careful_a to_o keep_v it_o from_o dust_n or_o filth_n this_o do_v have_v well-wiped_n the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o palm_n of_o your_o hand_n tap_v it_o upon_o the_o plate_n till_o all_o the_o little_a spot_n of_o varnish_n be_v equal_o spread_v upon_o the_o plate_n after_o this_o tapping_z wipe_v or_o slide_v your_o hand_n upon_o the_o varnish_n to_o make_v it_o more_o smooth_a and_o equal_a take_v great_a care_n that_o there_o be_v not_o too_o much_o varnish_v upon_o the_o plate_n and_o that_o your_o hand_n be_v not_o sweaty_a because_o the_o sweat_n mix_v with_o the_o varnish_n will_v cause_v little_a bubble_n when_o it_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o fire_n which_o will_v become_v little_a hole_n in_o the_o varnish_n your_o varnish_n be_v thus_o smooth_v upon_o the_o plate_n the_o way_n to_o black_a it_o be_v thus_o take_v a_o great_a tallow-candle_n light_v which_o burn_v clear_a let_v it_o have_v but_o a_o short_a snuff_n then_o place_v the_o corner_n of_o your_o plate_n against_o the_o wall_n with_o the_o varnish_a side_n downward_o as_o the_o low_a figure_n in_o the_o plate_n represent_v it_o to_o you_o take_v heed_n that_o your_o finger_n do_v not_o touch_v the_o varnish_n then_o take_v your_o candle_n and_o apply_v the_o flame_n to_o the_o varnish_n as_o close_o as_o you_o can_v without_o touch_v the_o varnish_n with_o the_o snuff_n of_o the_o candle_n guide_v the_o flame_n all_o over_o till_o you_o see_v it_o perfect_o black_a keep_v it_o then_o from_o dust_n or_o filth_n until_o it_o be_v dry_v plate_n 1_o 2._o sect._n 8._o how_o to_o dry_v or_o harden_v the_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n kindle_v a_o fire_n in_o a_o chimney_n of_o such_o chark-cole_n as_o be_v not_o subject_a to_o sparkle_a and_o when_o they_o be_v well_o kindle_v range_v they_o in_o a_o square_a somewhat_o large_a than_o the_o plate_n as_o the_o letter_n p_o sheweth_z you_o before_o you_o place_v your_o plate_n to_o be_v dry_v hang_v up_o a_o cloth_n in_o the_o chimney_n to_o hinder_v and_o keep_v off_o any_o soot_n or_o filth_n from_o fall_v down_o upon_o it_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o letter_n b_o c_o d._n then_o take_v your_o plate_n and_o place_n it_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o range_n upon_o two_o low_a andiron_n as_o the_o letter_n o_o direct_v this_o do_v you_o will_v soon_o perceive_v the_o varnish_n to_o smoke_n and_o when_o you_o perceive_v the_o smoke_n begin_v to_o abate_v then_o take_v off_o the_o plate_n from_o the_o andiron_n and_o with_o a_o stick_n point_a scratch_n near_o the_o side_n of_o your_o plate_n and_o if_o it_o easy_o take_v off_o the_o varnish_n than_o you_o must_v lay_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o andiron_n for_o a_o little_a space_n then_o take_v it_o off_o and_o touch_v it_o again_o with_o your_o point_a stick_n and_o if_o it_o take_v off_o the_o varnish_n not_o too_o easy_o then_o immediate_o take_v it_o from_o the_o fire_n and_o let_v it_o cool_v if_o the_o varnish_n do_v much_o resist_v the_o point_n of_o the_o stick_n then_o present_o throw_v on_o some_o cold_a water_n on_o the_o backside_n of_o the_o plate_n to_o cool_v it_o so_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o plate_n may_v not_o cause_v the_o varnish_n to_o be_v too_o hard_a and_o brittle_a sect._n 9_o how_o to_o choose_v your_o needle_n wherewith_o to_o make_v your_o tool_n to_o etch_v with_o pl._n 3._o choose_v some_o break_a needle_n of_o several_a size_n and_o bigness_n such_o as_o break_v neat_a without_o bend_v and_o of_o a_o fine_a grain_n then_o take_v round_o stick_v of_o a_o good_a firm_a wood_n not_o apt_a to_o split_v of_o the_o length_n of_o half_a a_o foot_n or_o somewhat_o less_o of_o the_o thicknessse_n of_o a_o good_a large_a quill_n at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o stick_v fix_v in_o your_o needle_n so_o that_o they_o stand_v out_o of_o the_o stick_v about_o as_o much_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o figure_n follow_v sect._n 10._o how_o to_o whet_v the_o point_n of_o your_o needle_n there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o whet_v your_o needle_n the_o one_o round_a the_o other_o slope_v you_o must_v have_v a_o oil_n stone_n with_o a_o fine_a grain_n to_o whet_v your_o needle_n upon_o for_o those_o you_o will_v have_v to_o be_v round_o you_o must_v upon_o the_o oyl-stone_n whet_v their_o point_n short_a not_o as_o your_o sow_a needle_n be_v but_o as_o the_o figure_n show_v you_o for_o the_o other_o which_o you_o intend_v to_o make_v slope_v first_o upon_o the_o oyl-stone_n make_v it_o blunt_a then_o hold_v it_o firm_a and_o steady_o whet_v it_o slope_v upon_o one_o side_n only_o till_o it_o come_v to_o a_o short_a roundish_n oval_n for_o the_o long_a oval_n be_v not_o so_o good_a to_o work_v with_o you_o will_v need_v a_o soft_a brush-pencill_n to_o brush_v off_o the_o varnish_n which_o you_o work_v off_o with_o the_o stroke_n of_o your_o needle_n as_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o letter_n a._n sect._n 11._o to_o preserve_v your_o varnish_n upon_o the_o plate_n your_o plate_n be_v varnish_v place_v it_o upon_o a_o low_a desk_n or_o such_o like_a thing_n and_o cover_v that_o part_n which_o you_o do_v not_o work_v one_o with_o a_o sheet_n of_o fine_a white_a paper_n and_o over_o that_o a_o sheet_n of_o brown_a paper_n whereon_o you_o rest_v your_o hand_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o the_o varnish_n when_o you_o work_v when_o you_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v your_o ruler_n to_o draw_v straight_a line_n lay_v some_o part_n of_o it_o upon_o the_o paper_n that_o it_o may_v not_o rub_v off_o the_o varnish_n but_o above_o all_o thing_n have_v a_o especial_a care_n that_o no_o filth_n or_o dust_n get_v in_o between_o the_o paper_n and_o the_o varnish_n for_o that_o will_v cause_v some_o hole_n and_o scratch_n in_o the_o varnish_n sect._n 12._o how_o to_o etch_v in_o etch_v you_o will_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v divers_a sort_n of_o line_n or_o hatch_n some_o big_a some_o small_a some_o straight_a some_o crooked_a to_o make_v these_o you_o must_v use_v several_a sort_n of_o needle_n big_a or_o small_a as_o the_o work_n require_v the_o great_a line_n be_v make_v these_o three_o several_a way_n 1._o by_o lean_v hard_o on_o the_o needle_n and_o the_o point_n be_v short_a and_o thick_o make_v a_o large_a passage_n but_o the_o point_n be_v round_o it_o will_v not_o cut_v the_o varnish_n clear_a 2._o by_o make_v divers_a line_n or_o hatch_n very_o close_a one_o to_o another_o and_o then_o by_o pass_v they_o over_o again_o with_o a_o thick_a needle_n but_o this_o way_n be_v both_o too_o tedious_a and_o withal_o very_o difficult_a 3._o by_o make_v the_o line_n with_o a_o indifferent_a big_a needle_n and_o let_v the_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la lie_v the_o long_o on_o it_o those_o needle_n which_o you_o whet_v slope_v with_o a_o oval_a be_v the_o best_a to_o make_v the_o large_a line_n withal_o because_o with_o their_o side_n they_o cut_v that_o which_o the_o round_a point_n can_v pl._n 4._o sect._n 13._o how_o to_o guide_v your_o needle_n upon_o the_o plate_n you_o may_v perceive_v from_o what_o be_v say_v that_o those_o point_n which_o you_o intend_v to_o make_v use_n of_o in_o grave_v with_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la aught_o to_o be_v whet_v exact_o round_a that_o they_o may_v turn_v more_o free_o upon_o the_o plate_n some_o of_o those_o round_a point_n must_v be_v whet_v very_o sharp_a that_o they_o may_v cut_v the_o varnish_n and_o copper_n more_o easy_o if_o you_o find_v that_o your_o point_n cut_v not_o free_o