Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	line_n	perpendicular_a	straight_a	1,765	5	14.0990	5	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34425	The manner of raising, ordering, and improving forrest-trees also, how to plant, make and keep woods, walks, avenues, lawns, hedges, &c. : with several figures proper for avenues and walks to end in, and convenient figures for lawns : also rules by M. Cook.	Cook, Moses.	1676 (1676)	Wing C6032; ESTC R20593	184,153	232

the_o root_n begin_v to_o rot_v they_o then_o come_v up_o best_o than_o stock_n they_o all_o up_o the_o other_o wood_n will_v grow_v the_o better_a and_o they_o will_v pay_v you_o well_o for_o your_o charge_n they_o will_v cost_v you_o about_o 6_o s._n a_o stack_n and_o here_o they_o will_v be_v worth_a 12_o s._n or_o more_o when_o stock_v up_o when_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n cut_v they_o smooth_a and_o close_a to_o the_o stub_n and_o a_o little_a slant_v upward_o as_o i_o advise_v you_o about_o lop_n pollard_n the_o often_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n coppice_n or_o hedge_n the_o thick_a they_o will_v grow_v for_o every_o fell_n give_v way_n to_o the_o young_a seedling_n to_o get_v up_o and_o make_v the_o weak_a plant_n shoot_v strong_a those_o wood_n which_o increase_v by_o run_a root_n as_o elm_n cherry_n poplar_n maple_n sarvice_n etc._n etc._n which_o thicken_v your_o wood_n much_o and_o felling_n make_v the_o root_n of_o a_o tree_n to_o swell_v as_o lop_n do_v the_o body_n and_o so_o it_o produce_v the_o great_a shoot_n and_o come_v soon_o to_o perfection_n whereas_o great_a wood_n and_o old_a and_o ill_o take_v off_o from_o the_o stub_n many_o time_n kill_v all_o when_o you_o fall_v your_o wood_n leave_v young_a tree_n enough_o you_o may_v take_v down_o the_o worst_a that_o stand_v next_o fall_n especial_o near_o a_o great_a tree_n that_o you_o judge_v may_v go_v down_o next_o fall_n for_o by_o its_o fall_n it_o may_v spoil_v some_o the_o statute_n say_v you_o be_v to_o leave_v twelve_o score_n oak_n at_o every_o fall_n on_o a_o acre_n for_o want_v of_o they_o so_o many_o elm_n ash_n beech_n etc._n etc._n but_o leave_v according_a to_o the_o thinness_n of_o your_o wood_n and_o where_o underwood_n sell_v well_o there_o let_v your_o timber-tree_n stand_v the_o thin_a and_o in_o such_o country_n where_o coal_n be_v cheap_a and_o timber_n sell_v well_o there_o let_v your_o timber-tree_n stand_v thick_a and_o then_o they_o will_v need_v but_o little_a prune_n up_o endeavour_v to_o plant_v in_o your_o wood_n such_o sort_n of_o wood_n as_o the_o ground_n be_v most_o proper_a for_o if_o wet_a then_o alder_a sallow_a willow_n withy_o etc._n etc._n if_o shallow_a and_o dry_a ash_n cherry_n beech_n poplar_n etc._n etc._n if_o shallow_a and_o wet_a hornbeam_n sallow_a sarvice_n etc._n etc._n but_o remember_v that_o the_o oak_n and_o elm_n be_v entertain_v in_o all_o place_n if_o your_o wood_n or_o coppice_n be_v in_o park_n where_o you_o lie_v open_a to_o deer_n then_o at_o every_o fall_v plant_v in_o they_o such_o wood_n who_o bark_n the_o deer_n do_v not_o much_o love_n such_o be_v the_o hornbeam_n hasel_n sycamore_n etc._n etc._n when_o tree_n be_v at_o their_o full_a growth_n there_o be_v several_a sign_n of_o their_o decay_n which_o give_v you_o warning_n to_o fell_v it_o before_o it_o be_v quite_o decay_v as_o in_o a_o oak_n when_o the_o top-bough_n begin_v to_o die_v than_o it_o begin_v to_o decay_v in_o a_o elm_n or_o ash_n if_o their_o head_n die_v or_o if_o you_o see_v they_o take_v wet_a at_o any_o great_a knot_n which_o you_o may_v know_v by_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tree_n be_v discolour_a below_o that_o place_n before_o it_o grow_v hollow_a or_o if_o hollow_a you_o may_v know_v by_o knock_v it_o with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o axe_n of_o which_o you_o may_v be_v the_o sure_a satisfy_v by_o bore_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o with_o a_o small_a auger_n or_o if_o you_o see_v the_o nighill_n make_v hole_n in_o it_o these_o be_v certain_a sign_n the_o tree_n begin_v to_o decay_v but_o before_o it_o decay_v much_o down_o with_o it_o and_o hinder_v not_o yourself_o chap._n xxxvii_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n several_a way_n the_o better_a to_o judge_v the_o worth_n of_o they_o etc._n etc._n have_v show_v you_o how_o you_o may_v judge_v of_o timber_n whether_o it_o be_v sound_a or_o not_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n i_o will_v now_o show_v you_o how_o to_o take_v the_o height_n that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o know_v the_o worth_n of_o it_o for_o where_o you_o have_v a_o rule_n to_o go_v by_o you_o may_v then_o the_o better_a guess_n there_o be_v several_a way_n to_o take_v the_o altitude_n of_o a_o tree_n or_o building_n that_o be_v perpendicular_a as_o by_o a_o two-foot_n rule_n or_o two_o stick_v join_v in_o a_o right_a angle_n that_o be_v square_a as_o the_o figure_n a._n b._n c._n have_v at_o a._n a_o pin_n or_o hole_n to_o hang_v a_o thread_n and_o plummet_n on_o suppose_v you_o be_v to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o x_o in_n first_o then_o hold_v that_o end_n of_o your_o square_n mark_v with_o c._n to_o your_o eye_n then_o go_v backward_o or_o forward_o till_o the_o thread_n and_o plummet_n hang_v just_a upon_o the_o middle_n of_o your_o square_n perpendicular_a and_o your_o eye_n look_v through_o two_o sight_n or_o two_o pin_n at_o a._n and_o c._n or_o over_o the_o end_n of_o the_o square_n thus_o look_v to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o building_n at_o x._o see_v fig._n 8_o 9_o which_o find_v with_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n from_o your_o eye_n at_o c_o let_v fall_n to_o the_o ground_n at_o d_o measure_v the_o length_n of_o that_o line_n and_o add_v it_o to_o the_o height_n that_o length_n to_o e_o then_o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o e._n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n as_o at_o y_o and_o that_o if_o your_o ground_n be_v level_a be_v the_o height_n of_o of_o x._o y._n or_o take_v the_o level_n from_o your_o eye_n to_o the_o height_n and_o add_v that_o which_o be_v below_o the_o level_n to_o the_o height_n etc._n etc._n as_o the_o line_n c._n f._n show_v to_o find_v the_o height_n of_o a_o tree_n etc._n etc._n by_o a_o straight_a staff_n or_o by_o a_o line_n and_o plummet_n the_o sun_n shine_v the_o altitude_n perpendicular_a and_o the_o ground_n level_n if_o not_o you_o must_v make_v the_o end_n of_o both_o the_o shadow_n level_v to_o each_o foot_n which_o be_v soon_o do_v as_o if_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o level_n of_o b._n at_o c._n find_v the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o shadow_n to_o end_n there_o i_o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o c._n to_o b._n and_o find_v it_o 60_o foot_n then_o at_o that_o very_a instant_n i_o set_v up_o a_o stick_n perpendicular_a as_o e._n d._n 12_o foot_n long_o which_o i_o find_v to_o cast_v a_o shadow_n just_a 9_o foot_n and_o then_o the_o rule_n order_v itself_o thus_o as_o 9_o foot_n to_o 12_o so_o 60_o foot_n to_o 80_o which_o you_o will_v find_v true_a if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o logarithme_n or_o by_o rule_n and_o compass_n thus_o set_v one_o point_n on_o 9_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o 12_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 60_o to_o 80_o or_o if_o you_o work_v it_o by_o natural_a arithmetic_n as_o 9_o be_v to_o 12_o so_o 60_o to_o 80._o see_v fig._n 10._o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v by_o line_n and_o plummet_n to_o take_v the_o altitude_n or_o height_n by_o a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o by_o a_o lookingglass_n place_v parallel_n to_o the_o horizon_n place_v on_o the_o ground_n a_o bowl_n of_o water_n or_o a_o looking-glass_n at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n from_o the_o building_n or_o tree_n as_o far_o as_o you_o think_v the_o height_n be_v then_o go_v back_o till_o you_o espy_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n or_o glass_n the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o altitude_n which_o do_v keep_v your_o stand_n and_o let_v a_o plum-line_n fall_v from_o your_o eye_n till_o it_o touch_v the_o ground_n which_o give_v the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o ground_n 2._o measure_v the_o distance_n from_o your_o plummet_n to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o water_n 3._o the_o distance_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n which_o distance_n if_o you_o have_v measure_v exact_o straight_o and_o level_a by_o proportion_n you_o may_v find_v the_o altitude_n require_v thus_o as_o the_o distance_n from_o the_o plummet_n level_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n or_o glass_n be_v to_o the_o height_n of_o your_o eye_n from_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o your_o plum-line_n so_o be_v the_o distance_n from_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o water_n to_o the_o base_a or_o foot_n of_o the_o altitude_n exact_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o very_a top_n of_o the_o height_n which_o give_v the_o shadow_n to_o the_o altitude_n for_o if_o your_o object_n be_v not_o upright_o and_o you_o measure_v straight_o and_o level_a and_o just_a under_o the_o top_n that_o give_v the_o shadow_n if_o you_o miss_v in_o any_o one_o of_o these_o you_o be_v quite_o out_o in_o take_v the_o height_n

figure_n and_o how_o they_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v to_o speak_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o figure_n will_v be_v far_o beyond_o my_o intention_n there_o be_v so_o very_a many_o irregular_a figure_n which_o have_v many_o unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n but_o they_o may_v all_o be_v bring_v into_o part_n of_o some_o of_o the_o figure_n follow_v and_o measure_v like_o they_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o one_o useful_a prob._n especial_o to_o make_v your_o oval_n by_o whether_o they_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n or_o four_o and_o then_o i_o shall_v touch_v at_o some_o superficial_a figure_n see_v fig._n 30._o suppose_v three_o prick_n or_o point_v give_v so_o they_o be_v not_o in_o a_o strait_a line_n to_o find_v a_o centre_n to_o bring_v they_o into_o a_o circle_n this_o may_v be_v do_v several_a way_n viz._n either_o by_o circle_n or_o by_o raise_v perpendicular_n as_o if_o the_o point_n at_o a._n b._n c._n be_v to_o be_v bring_v into_o a_o circle_n draw_v a_o line_n from_o a._n to_o b._n and_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o line_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a as_o the_o line_n d._n e._n which_o you_o may_v soon_o do_v for_o if_o you_o open_v your_o compass_n to_o any_o convenient_a distance_n and_o set_v one_o point_n in_o b._n draw_v the_o arch_n 1._o and_o 2._o then_o set_v one_o point_n in_o 4._o draw_v 3._o and_o 4._o where_o these_o cross_n draw_v the_o line_n e._n d._n do_v the_o same_o with_o the_o point_n b._n c._n and_o where_o the_o two_o perpendicular_a line_n meet_v be_v the_o centre_n as_o at_o f_o etc._n etc._n superficial_a figure_n that_o be_v irregular_a and_o right-lined_n be_v such_o who_o side_n or_o angle_n be_v un-equal_a of_o which_o some_o be_v triangle_n or_o triangular_a figure_n and_o here_o note_v that_o there_o be_v five_o sort_n of_o triangle_n which_o be_v thus_o name_v and_o know_v 1._o isocheles_a have_v two_o of_o the_o side_n unequal_a 2._o scalena_n have_v the_o three_o side_n unequal_a 3._o orthygone_n have_v one_o right_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n 4._o ambligone_n have_v one_o obtuse_a and_o two_o acute_a angle_n 5._o oxygone_n have_v three_o acute_a angle_n or_o equilateral_a triangle_n see_v fig._n 31._o every_o triangle_n be_v half_a of_o a_o square_a who_o length_n and_o breadth_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o perpendicular_a and_o side_n cut_v by_o the_o perpendicular_a as_o be_v plain_a in_o the_o first_o figure_n show_v by_o the_o prick_a line_n therefore_o to_o measure_v any_o triangle_n raise_v a_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o base_a to_o the_o great_a angle_n then_o multiply_v the_o whole_a base_a by_o half_a the_o perpendicular_a or_o the_o whole_a perpendicular_a by_o half_a the_o base_a and_o the_o product_n be_v the_o content_a or_o thus_o take_v the_o whole_a base_a and_o whole_a perpendicular_a and_o multiply_v one_o by_o the_o other_o the_o half_a of_o that_o sum_n be_v the_o content_a of_o the_o triangle_n etc._n etc._n square_a or_o quadrangular_a figure_n be_v these_o follow_v 1._o a_o geometrical_a square_n this_o have_v right_a angle_n and_o side_n equal_a 2._o a_o oblong-square_a which_o have_v equal_a opposite_a side_n and_o rectang_n 3._o a_o rhombus_fw-la have_v equal_a side_n and_o unequal_a angle_n 4._o a_o rhomboide_n have_v unequal_a side_n and_o angle_n opposite_a equal_a 5._o trapezia_n be_v all_o other_o four-sided_n figures_n see_v fig._n 32._o the_o first_o be_v measure_v by_o multiply_v one_o of_o the_o side_n in_o its_o self_n in_o the_o second_o the_o length_n multiply_v by_o the_o breadth_n give_v the_o content_a the_o three_o last_n may_v be_v turn_v into_o two_o triangle_n each_o and_o so_o measure_v as_o be_v before_o say_v polygones_n be_v these_o figure_n follow_v as_o the_o end_n of_o a_o tree_n hew_v into_o five_o equal_a side_n this_o be_v call_v a_o pentagone_fw-mi of_o six_o side_n hexagone_n seven_o side_n heptagone_n eight_o side_n octagone_n nine_o side_n enneagone_n ten_o side_n decagone_n twelve_o side_n dodecagone_n to_o measure_v any_o of_o these_o take_v half_a the_o perimeter_n that_o be_v half_o the_o compass_n about_o and_o the_o perpendicular_a draw_v from_o the_o centre_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o any_o one_o of_o the_o side_n multiply_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o and_o it_o give_v the_o content_a circular_a figure_n be_v these_o which_o be_v thus_o name_v 1._o the_o circle_n be_v near_o equal_a to_o a_o square_a make_v of_o Â½_o diameter_n and_o Â½_o circumference_n 2._o the_o semicircle_n to_o a_o square_n make_v of_o half_a the_o arch_a line_n and_o Â½_o semi-diameter_n 3._o the_o quadrant_n or_o four_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n 4._o the_o segment_n arch_n or_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n the_o first_o be_v measure_v by_o multiply_v the_o semi-circumference_n by_o the_o semi-diameter_n the_o second_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la or_o semi-diameter_n by_o Â¼_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o whole_a circle_n the_o three_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o â…›_n of_o the_o circumference_n of_o the_o circle_n that_o it_o be_v make_v of_o the_o four_o by_o multiply_v the_o radius_fw-la by_o Â½_o the_o length_n of_o that_o arch-line_n thus_o have_v you_o the_o content_a or_o area_n of_o each_o to_o find_v the_o diameter_n of_o any_o circle_n or_o the_o circumference_n by_o have_v one_o given_z the_o low_a number_n be_v as_o 7_o be_v to_o 22._o so_o be_v the_o diameter_n to_o the_o circumference_n or_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7._o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o a_o arch-line_n geometrical_o this_o problem_n be_v useful_a to_o be_v know_v for_o to_o measure_v the_o quadrand_n segment_n of_o a_o circle_n or_o oval_a for_o the_o oval_a be_v make_v of_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n first_o divide_v the_o chord-line_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o circle_n into_o four_o equal_a part_n then_o set_v one_o of_o these_o part_n from_o one_o end_v of_o the_o chord-line_n also_o set_v one_o of_o the_o four_o part_n from_o the_o angle_n in_o the_o arch-line_n then_o from_o one_o point_n to_o the_o other_o draw_v a_o line_n the_o length_n of_o this_o line_n be_v half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o arch-line_n see_v fig._n 33._o examp._n a._n b._n the_o chord-line_n divide_v into_o 4_o part_n one_o of_o the_o 4_o part_n set_v from_o b._n to_o c._n and_o one_o part_n set_v from_o a._n to_o d._n then_o draw_v the_o line_n c._n d._n which_o line_n be_v half_a the_o length_n of_o the_o arch-line_n a._n d._n b._n which_o be_v to_o be_v find_v out_o thus_o may_v you_o measure_v this_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n or_o the_o like_a but_o if_o the_o part_n of_o a_o circle_n be_v great_a than_o a_o semicircle_n then_o divide_v the_o arch-line_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o find_v the_o length_n of_o one_o of_o these_o as_o be_v aforesaid_a which_o double_v give_v the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a arch-line_n this_o rule_n will_v assist_v you_o to_o measure_v the_o oval_a whether_o it_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n or_o four_o etc._n etc._n there_o be_v no_o regular_a figure_n but_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o some_o of_o these_o figure_n aforesaid_a therefore_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o the_o use_v of_o some_o geometrical_a figure_n which_o be_v very_o useful_a not_o question_v but_o that_o you_o understand_v the_o first_o rule_n in_o geometry_n as_o to_o draw_v a_o parallel_n line_n to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular-line_n from_o another_o etc._n etc._n for_o those_o thing_n be_v out_o of_o my_o intend_a discourse_n therefore_o if_o you_o be_v to_o seek_v in_o they_o consult_v with_o euclid_n and_o other_o how_o to_o raise_v a_o perpendicular_a at_o the_o end_n of_o a_o line_n by_o which_o you_o make_v a_o square_a very_o useful_a also_o to_o set_v off_o a_o square-line_n from_o a_o strait-line_n in_o any_o garden_n walk_v house-end_n or_o the_o like_a see_v fig._n 34._o examp._n if_o you_o be_v desire_v to_o set_v off_o a_o square-line_n at_o b._n from_o the_o line_n a._n b._n take_v six_o foot_n yard_n or_o rod_n and_o measure_v from_o b._n to_o c._n in_o your_o strait-line_n then_o take_v eight_o of_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o set_v from_o b._n to_o d._n and_o ten_o of_o the_o same_o hold_v one_o end_n at_o c._n bring_v the_o line_n b._n d._n till_o it_o just_o touch_v the_o line_n c._n d._n at_o d._n so_o have_v you_o a_o exact_a square_n make_v by_o 6._o 8._o and_o 10._o see_v euclid_n first_o book_n prob._n 47._o and_o p._n 35._o math._n recreation_n p._n 93._o see_v fig._n 35._o this_o you_o may_v do_v in_o other_o number_n that_o bear_v the_o like_a proportion_n for_o euc._n tell_v you_o that_o the_o square_n make_v of_o the_o side_n subtend_v the_o right_a angle_n be_v equal_a to_o the_o square_n make_v of_o both_o the_o side_n contain_v the_o right_a

three_o inch_n and_o 078_o 1000_o make_v one_o foot_n take_v with_o your_o compass_n three_o inch_n 078_o from_o off_o a_o scale_n and_o so_o many_o time_n as_o there_o be_v that_o length_n in_o your_o tree_n so_o many_o foot_n of_o timber_n be_v there_o etc._n etc._n if_o any_o tree_n be_v above_o 100_o inch_n circumference_n then_o take_v half_a that_o circumference_n and_o find_v the_o number_n belong_v thereto_o in_o the_o table_n then_o take_v one_o four_o part_n of_o it_o and_o that_o make_v one_o foot_n of_o timber_n suppose_v a_o tree_n to_o be_v 146_o inch_n about_o the_o half_a of_o it_o be_v 73_o against_o this_o in_o the_o table_n be_v 4_o inch_n 075_o part_n one_o quarter_n thereof_o viz._n one_o inch_n 019_o part_n make_v one_o foot_n of_o timber_n at_o that_o circumference_n these_o table_n with_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v will_v be_v sufficient_a to_o measure_v any_o cylinder_n by_o and_o how_o to_o measure_v a_o cone_n i_o have_v show_v already_o a_o cone_n 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end_v of_o your_o oval_a round_n as_o you_o please_v so_o that_o from_o four_o centre_n you_o may_v make_v the_o end_v of_o your_o oval_a round_n as_o you_o please_v but_o if_o they_o be_v make_v from_o two_o centre_n as_o that_o be_v then_o will_v the_o end_n be_v more_o acute_a or_o you_o may_v make_v your_o oval_a thus_o have_v resolve_v on_o the_o breadth_n draw_v the_o side_n from_o centre_n in_o the_o mid-line_n of_o the_o breadth_n as_o before_o then_o set_v up_o two_o stick_n exact_o in_o the_o mid-line_n of_o the_o length_n at_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o end_n then_o hold_v the_o line_n at_o one_o and_o turn_v the_o line_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o oval_a and_o then_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o stick_n with_o the_o same_o length_n so_o may_v you_o make_v the_o end_v of_o your_o oval_a as_o round_o as_o you_o please_v for_o the_o near_a you_o place_v these_o stick_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n of_o the_o oval_a the_o near_a round_n your_o oval_n be_v make_v even_o till_o you_o come_v to_o a_o circle_n this_o way_n your_o ingenious_a workman_n make_v their_o oval_n in_o small_a work_n as_o your_o plasterer_n joiner_n &c._n &c._n and_o it_o be_v a_o good_a way_n and_o so_o common_a that_o i_o need_v not_o say_v more_o to_o teach_v how_o to_o make_v a_o oval_a of_o any_o bigness_n but_o here_o i_o shall_v take_v occasion_n to_o show_v the_o figure_n of_o one_o at_o cashiobury_n now_o make_v see_v fig._n 46._o to_o measure_v this_o oval_a which_o be_v 28_o rod_n long_o and_o 19_o rod_n broad_a as_o it_o be_v now_o stake_v out_o at_o cashiobury_n intend_v for_o a_o kitchen-garden_n this_o oval_a be_v make_v of_o 2_o segment_n of_o a_o circle_n who_o semi-diameter_n be_v 15_o rod_n as_o it_o be_v find_v by_o make_v the_o oval_a it_o be_v the_o centrepoynt_n of_o each_o arch-line_n of_o this_o oval_a as_o the_o line_n f_o a._n f_o b._n and_o f_o c._n now_o to_o find_v the_o length_n of_o one_o of_o these_o arch-line_n be_v show_v before_o which_o i_o find_v to_o be_v 18_o rod_n the_o half_a length_n of_o one_o which_o be_v show_v by_o the_o line_n d_o d._n so_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o one_o arch_n be_v 36_o and_o both_o arch_n round_o the_o oval_a be_v 72_o rod._n now_o take_v the_o Â½_o of_o one_o of_o the_o arch_a line_n which_o be_v 18_o and_o the_o semi-diameter_n of_o that_o arch_n which_o be_v 15_o rod_n multiply_v the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o and_o it_o be_v 270_o rod_n which_o be_v the_o figure_n a._n b._n c._n f._n that_o be_v half_a of_o the_o oval_a and_o the_o triangle_n a._n f._n c._n which_o must_v be_v substract_v out_o of_o the_o 270_o than_o the_o semi-oval_a will_v be_v 192_o rod._n for_o the_o base_a a._n c._n be_v 28_o rod_n which_o be_v the_o length_n of_o the_o oval_a and_o the_o perpendicular_a of_o the_o angle_n which_o be_v e_o f._n be_v 5._o 57_o now_o half_o the_o base_a which_o be_v 14_o multiply_v by_o the_o whole_a perpendicular_a 5_o 57_o 100_o give_v 77_o 98_o 100_o which_o be_v 78_o rod_n ferÃ¨_fw-la this_o take_v from_o 270_o the_o area_n of_o the_o figure_n a._n b._n c._n f._n there_o then_o remain_v 192_o rod_n which_o be_v half_a of_o the_o oval_a that_o double_v be_v 384_o rod_n which_o be_v divide_v by_o 160_o show_v that_o the_o content_a of_o this_o oval_a will_v be_v 2_o acre_n and_o 64_o rod._n but_o if_o your_o oval_n be_v round_o at_o the_o end_n as_o your_o oval_n be_v that_o be_v make_v with_o 4_o centre_n than_o they_o be_v more_o difficult_a to_o be_v measure_v however_o these_o rule_n be_v sufficient_a a_o oval_n be_v no_o ill_a figure_n for_o a_o garden_n for_o if_o the_o garden-wall_n be_v a_o oval_a and_o the_o length_n of_o the_o oval_a point_n north_n and_o south_n as_o the_o aforementioned_a oval_n do_v a._n be_v the_o south_n point_n c._n the_o north_n then_o may_v such_o a_o wall_n be_v plant_v with_o tree_n both_o inside_n and_o outside_n and_o have_v never_o a_o tree_n stand_v to_o the_o north_n aspect_n for_o 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for_o the_o wall_n in_o this_o as_o in_o the_o other_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o oppose_v the_o wind_n as_o straight_a wall_n be_v therefore_o not_o so_o blast_v as_o you_o may_v well_o conceive_v 2._o oval_n on_o each_o side_n the_o front_n of_o your_o house_n will_v be_v no_o ill_a prospect_n but_o in_o many_o thing_n very_o convenient_a these_o be_v at_o equal_a distance_n from_o the_o middle_n of_o your_o front_n and_o point_v upon_o your_o lawn_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xliv_o suppose_v you_o have_v a_o plat_v to_o draw_v on_o one_o or_o many_o sheet_n of_o

top-heavy_a you_o may_v safe_o cut_v off_o small_a branch_n and_o prune_v small_a tree_n at_o this_o summer-season_n and_o for_o such_o tree_n as_o have_v a_o great_a pith_n as_o the_o ash_n and_o walnut_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v the_o best_a time_n for_o they_o and_o whereas_o some_o say_v to_o the_o contrary_a yet_o if_o the_o reader_n will_v be_v advise_v by_o i_o let_v he_o prune_v such_o in_o summer_n but_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o winter_n forbear_v to_o prune_v most_o tree_n especial_o great_a bough_n or_o such_o tree_n as_o have_v a_o great_a pith_n or_o tender_a for_o then_o the_o wound_n lie_v expose_v to_o the_o open_a air_n and_o wet_a and_o frost_n come_v upon_o the_o wet_a and_o pierce_v so_o far_o into_o the_o wound_a place_n as_o the_o wet_a have_v go_v kill_v the_o wood_n and_o make_v a_o hole_n in_o that_o place_n and_o that_o hole_n hold_v water_n many_o time_n kill_v many_o a_o good_a tree_n especial_o where_o great_a bough_n be_v take_v off_o for_o they_o be_v 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height_n and_o have_v so_o distribute_v the_o sap_n that_o they_o be_v little_a worth_n but_o for_o the_o fire_n when_o if_o they_o have_v be_v prune_v up_o as_o be_v before_o direct_v you_o may_v have_v have_v the_o same_o height_n of_o good_a timber_n which_o how_o much_o more_o profitable_a it_o will_v be_v and_o also_o beautiful_a i_o leave_v to_o any_o man_n judgement_n the_o ash_n and_o beech_n cover_v the_o wound_a place_n over_o soon_o and_o seldom_o break_v out_o many_o side-bough_n the_o elm_n very_o frequent_o break_v out_o side-bough_n yet_o will_v arrive_v to_o a_o great_a height_n of_o good_a timber_n the_o oak_n be_v a_o little_a subject_n to_o break_v out_o side-bough_n and_o though_o a_o slow_a grower_n yet_o by_o its_o own_o hardness_n of_o his_o wood_n he_o preserve_v himself_o well_o till_o it_o have_v overgrow_v the_o wound_a place_n which_o it_o will_v in_o a_o few_o year_n do_v if_o your_o tree_n be_v young_a and_o thrive_a and_o the_o bough_n not_o very_o 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wood_n which_o reason_n teach_v i_o and_o by_o experience_n i_o have_v find_v true_a the_o place_n where_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o walk_n shall_v point_v to_o be_v give_v there_o hang_v up_o a_o large_a candle_n and_o lantern_n and_o have_v find_v the_o mid-line_n some_o 20_o 30_o or_o 40_o yard_n from_o that_o there_o hang_v up_o another_o they_o must_v both_o hang_v pretty_a high_a but_o let_v that_o next_o the_o house_n or_o centre_n be_v the_o high_a have_v thus_o place_v your_o two_o light_n and_o in_o a_o clear_a calm_a night_n but_o not_o too_o light_a go_v with_o your_o man_n to_o the_o further_a side_n of_o the_o wood_n till_o you_o make_v both_o these_o light_n in_o one_o line_n and_o then_o walk_v on_o keep_v they_o so_o mark_v the_o tree_n on_o each_o side_n of_o you_o quite_o through_o the_o wood_n order_v they_o to_o be_v cut_v down_o at_o leisure_n so_o shall_v you_o have_v a_o straight_a line_n cut_v through_o the_o wood._n but_o if_o you_o be_v to_o make_v a_o walk_n from_o gate_n to_o gate_n so_o that_o you_o be_v tie_v to_o such_o a_o centre_n at_o each_o end_n if_o your_o walk_n be_v so_o that_o you_o can_v see_v from_o end_n to_o end_n it_o be_v then_o but_o set_v up_o two_o stake_n one_o at_o each_o end_n by_o the_o sight_n of_o which_o cause_n a_o three_o to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o middle_n but_o if_o you_o can_v see_v to_o the_o far_a end_n for_o hill_n wood_n or_o the_o like_a than_o you_o must_v cause_v a_o high_a pole_n with_o a_o white_a on_o the_o top_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o the_o end_n by_o that_o and_o your_o centre-stake_n cause_v your_o assistant_n to_o set_v up_o as_o many_o as_o you_o think_v convenient_a in_o the_o mid-line_n but_o if_o that_o wood_n be_v so_o high_z that_o you_o can_v see_v a_o high_a pole_n at_o the_o end_n then_o run_v it_o over_o as_o near_o as_o you_o can_v by_o guess_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o length_n and_o of_o your_o error_n at_o end_n and_o Â¼_n and_o Â½_o and_o Â¾_n each_o at_o a_o quarter_n of_o the_o length_n of_o your_o walk_n set_v off_o a_o quarter_n of_o your_o error_n etc._n etc._n and_o thus_o bring_v your_o line_n till_o it_o range_v exact_o from_o one_o point_n to_o another_o from_o gate_n to_o gate_n then_o set_v off_o the_o two_o line_n where_o the_o tree_n must_v go_v as_o be_v before_o show_v by_o the_o square_n and_o if_o for_o three_o walk_n than_o the_o four_o row_v of_o tree_n if_o there_o be_v three_o walk_n let_v the_o middle-walk_a be_v just_a as_o broad_a as_o both_o the_o other_o which_o be_v the_o best_a form_n or_o else_o all_o three_o of_o equal_a breadth_n so_o may_v you_o set_v your_o tree_n not_o only_o square_a but_o they_o will_v answer_v one_o another_o several_a way_n beside_o as_o square_v from_o a._n to_o b._n and_o other_o way_n as_o b._n to_o c._n and_o to_o d._n so_o that_o every_o tree_n must_v keep_v his_o row_n range_v square_n and_o equal_a distance_n etc._n etc._n see_v fig._n 14._o the_o prick_v line_n show_v how_o the_o sight_n will_v take_v the_o tree_n as_o square_v from_o a._n to_o b._n and_o angle-waye_n from_o c._n to_o b._n or_o c._n to_o d._n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v i_o show_v you_o how_o to_o stake_v out_o the_o mid-line_n and_o the_o two_o side-line_n of_o your_o walk_n i_o wish_v sir_n e._n t._n sir_n w._n b._n and_o sir_n r._n b._n have_v see_v these_o direction_n before_o they_o have_v plant_v their_o walk_n i_o do_v judge_n they_o then_o will_v have_v do_v they_o better_o for_o error_n in_o plant_v make_v too_o many_o worthy_a person_n forbear_v now_o as_o for_o the_o figure_n which_o walk_v aught_o to_o end_n in_o i_o have_v name_v they_o before_o and_o if_o you_o observe_v most_o plant_n especial_o tree_n which_o make_v your_o walk_n the_o most_o of_o they_o end_n in_o a_o circular_a figure_n and_o therefore_o i_o will_v show_v you_o some_o way_n how_o walk_n ought_v to_o end_v in_o a_o circle_n for_o a_o walk_n end_v blunt_o without_o any_o figure_n or_o enter_v into_o another_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o a_o tree_n with_o the_o head_n off_o and_o what_o difference_n there_o be_v let_v those_o which_o well_o observe_v the_o object_n of_o nature_n judge_n let_v the_o circle_n be_v three_o time_n the_o breadth_n of_o your_o walk_n if_o convenient_o you_o can_v or_o big_a if_o you_o have_v room_n after_o you_o have_v find_v the_o mid-line_n and_o resolve_v upon_o the_o centre_n as_o at_o a._n and_o of_o the_o bigness_n of_o your_o circle_n next_o consider_v of_o the_o distance_n of_o your_o tree_n round_o the_o circle_n run_v that_o distance_n

over_o first_o and_o if_o you_o find_v a_o odd_a tree_n let_v it_o stand_v in_o the_o mid-line_n and_o in_o the_o circumference_n as_o at_o b._n but_o if_o no_o odd_a tree_n then_o let_v the_o mid-line_n pass_v 'tween_o two_o tree_n add_v or_o substract_v the_o odd_a inch_n till_o you_o find_v the_o equal_a distance_n your_o tree_n must_v stand_v at_o etc._n etc._n see_v fig._n 15._o let_v the_o tree_n in_o your_o circle_n stand_v not_o much_o above_o half_a the_o distance_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o the_o row_v as_o in_o the_o last_o they_o be_v 16_o foot_n â—ere_z tree_n in_o the_o walk_n 24_o foot_n but_o in_o the_o oval_a thick_a that_o they_o may_v show_v the_o figure_n the_o better_a a_o fine_a tree_n in_o the_o centre_n of_o all_o circle_n do_v well_o see_v fig._n 16._o two_o walk_n meet_v in_o a_o point_n let_v that_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n as_o at_o a._n and_o there_o a_o tree_n two_o walk_n cross_v one_o another_o where_o the_o mid_a line_n meet_v let_v that_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o a_o circle_n as_o b._n note_v that_o if_o your_o circle_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n by_o walk_n as_o the_o circle_n a._n find_v a_o distance_n that_o the_o tree_n in_o each_o part_n may_v stand_v as_o near_o that_o distance_n as_o may_v be_v there_o they_o be_v near_o 11_o foot_n both_o and_o the_o circle_n b._n near_o 10_o foot_n asunder_o now_o the_o small_a part_n the_o circle_n be_v put_v into_o the_o thick_a set_v your_o tree_n round_o it_o as_o b._n be_v put_v into_o four_o part_n by_o the_o two_o walk_n cross_v it_o set_v these_o part_n the_o thick_a that_o they_o may_v show_v the_o figure_n the_o better_a of_o three_o walk_n go_v up_o to_o a_o circle_n as_o they_o do_v to_o the_o bowling-green_a at_o cashiobury_n which_o green_n be_v 80_o yard_n or_o 240_o foot_n diameter_n with_o a_o border_n 16_o foot_n wide_a plant_v with_o three_o row_v of_o spruce-fir_n set_v in_o the_o year_n 1672._o be_v set_v circular_a and_o triangular_a see_v the_o figure_n there_o be_v 90_o tree_n in_o the_o outer_a row_n and_o 90_o tree_n in_o the_o innermost_a row_n and_o 89_o in_o the_o middle_a row_n which_o be_v 269_o tree_n i_o lose_v not_o one_o of_o these_o except_o one_o that_o be_v steal_v see_v fig._n 17._o to_o plant_v such_o a_o border_n first_o with_o a_o line_n on_o the_o centre_n b._n mark_v out_o the_o circle_n where_o the_o inner_a row_n shall_v go_v than_o set_v two_o tree_n in_o the_o circle_n and_o in_o the_o row_v of_o the_o walk_n as_o at_o a._n a._n then_o have_v resolve_v of_o the_o distance_n to_o set_v they_o at_o run_v that_o distance_n over_o from_o a._n a._n and_o the_o odd_a inch_n or_o part_n add_v or_o subtract_v according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o open_v to_z or_o from_o the_o measure_n you_o first_o resolve_v on_o as_o be_v show_v before_o etc._n etc._n 1._o next_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o some_o way_n how_o walk_n may_v come_v into_o or_o end_v in_o a_o semicircle_n or_o segment_n of_o a_o circle_n etc._n etc._n as_o a._n be_v a_o gate_n b._n c._n be_v a_o hedge_n or_o pale_n a._n be_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o walk_n and_o circle_n see_v fig._n 18._o or_o thus_o the_o centre_n at_o a._n and_o then_o three_o tree_n or_o more_o to_o go_v to_o the_o pale_a parallel_n to_o the_o walk_n as_o 1_o 2_o 3._o 2._o how_o three_o walk_n may_v come_v into_o a_o semicircle_n see_v fig._n 19_o this_o may_v be_v continue_v on_o with_o three_o or_o more_o tree_n parallel_v to_o the_o mid-line_n as_o in_o fig._n 19_o etc._n etc._n 3._o how_o three_o walk_n may_v break_v into_o a_o semicircle_n at_o three_o several_a place_n and_o how_o to_o make_v the_o semicircle_n so_o great_a as_o that_o you_o may_v have_v just_a so_o much_o wood_n on_o all_o side_n of_o the_o walk_n as_o the_o walk_n be_v broad_a or_o to_o order_v it_o to_o what_o proportion_n you_o please_v suppose_v the_o three_o walk_n to_o be_v each_o forty_o foot_n wide_a which_o make_v 120_o foot_n than_o there_o be_v to_o be_v 40_o foot_n without_o one_o side-walk_a and_o 40_o foot_n without_o the_o other_o side-walk_a and_o 40_o foot_n between_o each_o of_o the_o side-walks_a and_o the_o middle-walk_a which_o be_v four_o time_n 40_o foot_n that_o be_v 160_o foot_n so_o that_o the_o 120_o foot_n make_v 280_o foot_n for_o the_o arch_n of_o this_o semicircle_n then_o find_v the_o semi-diameter_n to_o the_o arch_n of_o this_o circle_n and_o strike_v the_o arch_n from_o the_o centre_n ex._n the_o semi-circumference_n be_v 280_o the_o circumference_n be_v then_o 560._o then_o as_o 22_o be_v to_o 7_o or_o if_o you_o will_v be_v more_o exact_a as_o the_o learned_a oughtred_a in_o his_o circle_n of_o proportion_n pag._n 43._o say_v as_o 3.1416_o be_v to_o 1._o so_o be_v the_o circumference_n to_o the_o diameter_n but_o the_o other_o be_v a_o stand_a rule_n nigh_o enough_o for_o our_o purpose_n as_o 22_o to_o 7_o so_o 560_o to_o 178_o 4_o 22_o the_o diameter_n if_o you_o turn_v this_o fraction_n into_o inch_n it_o will_v be_v two_o inch_n and_o near_o half_a of_o a_o barley-corn_n so_o then_o the_o whole_a diameter_n will_v be_v 178_o foot_n 2_o inch_n the_o half_a be_v 89_o foot_n one_o inch_n with_o this_o 89_o foot_n one_o inch_n be_v the_o semi-diameter_n draw_v the_o arch_n of_o your_o semicircle_n which_o arch_n shall_v be_v 280_o foot_n and_o from_o the_o centre_n by_o which_o you_o draw_v this_o arch_n may_v be_v the_o mid-line_n of_o your_o three_o walk_n as_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o figure_n see_v fig._n 20._o let_v the_o centre_n a._n be_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o the_o prick_a line_n b._n b._n and_o parallel_n to_o the_o middle-walk_a c._n the_o line_n b._n a._n b._n may_v be_v if_o convenience_n serve_v 50_o or_o 60_o foot_n from_o the_o wall_n pale_a hedge_n and_o that_o to_o go_v parallel_n to_o that_o line_n and_o where_o the_o wall_n or_o pale_a end_n there_o may_v be_v a_o row_n of_o tree_n continue_v so_o far_o as_o you_o please_v or_o can_v etc._n etc._n at_o the_o centre_n a._n let_v be_v some_o fine_a tree_n set_v or_o some_o figure_n etc._n etc._n i_o once_o see_v a_o semicircle_n set_v out_o somewhat_o like_o this_o where_o i_o see_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o measure_v before_o they_o can_v proportion_v it_o exact_o to_o such_o a_o place_n as_o be_v intend_v i_o take_v my_o pen_n and_o by_o these_o rule_v i_o tell_v they_o just_o how_o far_o they_o shall_v go_v more_o i_o can_v say_v if_o i_o think_v it_o not_o unseasonable_a now_o here_o you_o see_v how_o to_o proportion_v a_o semicircle_n which_o you_o may_v enlarge_v with_o three_o four_o or_o five_o tree_n on_o each_o side_n and_o parallel_v to_o the_o middle-walk_a as_o be_v in_o the_o second_o figure_n of_o semicircle_n but_o be_v mindful_a to_o make_v such_o a_o figure_n for_o your_o walk_n to_o end_v in_o and_o of_o such_o a_o bigness_n as_o be_v most_o convenient_a to_o your_o ground_n the_o arch_n of_o the_o semicircle_n may_v be_v one_o row_n of_o tree_n as_o in_o the_o figure_n or_o two_o three_o four_o or_o more_o as_o you_o please_v but_o three_o row_v set_v triangular_a do_v very_o well_o 4._o how_o and_o where_o a_o semicircle_n be_v proper_a on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o walk_n etc._n etc._n suppose_v you_o have_v a_o walk_v a_o mile_n in_o length_n or_o more_o it_o be_v no_o way_n improper_a but_o pleasant_a and_o satisfactory_a to_o have_v your_o walk_n show_v you_o every_o Â¼_n of_o a_o mile_n Â½_o of_o a_o mile_n and_o Â¾_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o end_n or_o from_o each_o end_n or_o from_o one_o end_v back_o to_o the_o other_o as_o if_o you_o begin_v at_o the_o centre-tree_n in_o the_o semicircle_n at_o a._n then_o at_o Â¼_n of_o a_o mile_n at_o the_o figure_n 1._o make_v a_o semicircle_n to_o break_v out_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o centre-tree_n to_o be_v exact_o in_o the_o row_n of_o the_o walk_n and_o just_a a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n as_o be_v show_v in_o the_o figure_n as_o well_o as_o the_o largeness_n of_o our_o paper_n will_v bear_v by_o the_o semicircle_n figure_n 1_o then_o at_o the_o half_a mile_n let_v two_o tree_n stand_v in_o a_o semicircle_n at_o figure_n 2_o one_o to_o stand_v in_o the_o row_n that_o make_v the_o walk_n which_o two_o tree_n be_v half_a a_o mile_n and_o at_o three_o quarter_n three_o tree_n still_o mind_v that_o one_o be_v in_o the_o row_n or_o walk_v the_o centre-tree_n of_o your_o circle_n and_o the_o exact_a distance_n so_o one_o tree_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o semicircle_n as_o at_o figure_n 1._o be_v a_o Â¼_n of_o

d_o e._n be_v but_o 290_o pole_n which_o want_v 62_o pole_n and_o a_o half_a of_o the_o half_a of_o the_o field_n therefore_o take_v 62._o 50_o from_o the_o triangle_n a_o c_o d._n by_o the_o rule_v deliver_v in_o the_o 38_o the_o fig._n and_o there_o will_v be_v add_v the_o triangle_n a_o d_o h_n which_o be_v add_v to_o the_o triangle_n a_o d_o e_o will_v divide_v the_o figure_n into_o two_o equal_a part_n the_o thing_n desire_v see_v fig._n 41._o thus_o may_v you_o take_v half_a from_o any_o irregular_a figure_n or_o more_o or_o less_o than_o half_a and_o from_o what_o angle_n desire_v which_o will_v assist_v you_o well_o how_o to_o fell_v your_o wood_n by_o the_o acre_n or_o to_o know_v how_o far_o you_o shall_v go_v into_o a_o field_n to_o take_v off_o any_o part_n the_o four_o rule_n which_o i_o find_v by_o my_o practice_n i_o commend_v for_o very_o good_a one_o example_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o more_o which_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o my_o four_o rule_n i_o try_v it_o in_o a_o field_n near_o to_o cashiobury-park_n this_o i_o be_v order_v to_o do_v by_o my_o lord_n steward_n mr._n sydenham_n to_o take_v off_o three_o acre_n from_o a_o small_a field_n as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v at_o one_o end_v appoint_v by_o he_o first_o i_o measure_v that_o end_n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 37_o pole_n and_o Â¾_n but_o observe_v the_o hedge_n i_o find_v they_o to_o splay_v off_o a_o little_a so_o that_o about_o 6_o rod_n and_o a_o half_a or_o little_o more_o will_v be_v the_o middle_n which_o i_o set_v off_o at_o each_o end_n and_o find_v that_o line_n to_o be_v 38_o pole_n long_o then_o i_o divide_v 160_o the_o pole_n in_o one_o acre_n by_o 38_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o end_n of_o the_o field_n the_o quotient_a be_v 4_o and_o 8_o 38_o which_o 8_o of_o 38_o i_o must_v turn_v into_o part_n of_o my_o chain_n that_o be_v into_o decimal_a part_n thus_o as_o 38_o be_v to_o 8_o so_o be_v 100_o to_o 21_o and_o 2_o of_o 38_o which_o 2_o be_v not_o considerable_a so_o that_o if_o the_o chain_n be_v divide_v into_o 100_o link_n you_o must_v then_o go_v 4_o pole_n and_o 21_o link_n at_o each_o end_n for_o to_o make_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n but_o if_o your_o chain_n be_v a_o four_o pole_n chain_n divide_v into_o 100_o link_n then_o with_o such_o a_o chain_n you_o must_v go_v 4_o pole_n 5_o link_n and_o Â¼_n and_o a_o little_a more_o to_o make_v one_o acre_n at_o 38_o pole_n long_o then_o for_o three_o acre_n i_o must_v go_v in_o breadth_n 12_o pole_n 63_o 100_o to_o make_v three_o acre_n and_o a_o little_a more_o see_v it_o prove_v here_o you_o may_v see_v that_o 12_o pole_n 63_o 100_o multiply_v by_o 38_o pole_n gives_z 479_o pole_n and_o 94_o 100_o which_o be_v divide_v by_o 160_o the_o pole_n in_o one_o acre_n give_v in_o the_o quotient_a 2_o and_o 159_o so_o than_o if_o you_o add_v but_o 6_o of_o 100_o to_o the_o 94_o it_o be_v just_a three_o acre_n for_o whereas_o i_o take_v in_o the_o decimal_a part_n but_o 21_o 100_o i_o shall_v take_v the_o 21_o link_n and_o the_o 22_o the_o part_n of_o one_o of_o these_o link_n which_o niceness_n may_v be_v dispense_v with_o from_o what_o have_v be_v say_v you_o may_v measure_v any_o stand_a wood_n or_o part_v thereof_o especial_o if_o these_o part_n be_v near_o to_o a_o square_a or_o triangle_n if_o not_o you_o may_v reduce_v they_o to_o one_o of_o these_o thus_o have_v speak_v something_o how_o superficial_a figure_n be_v to_o be_v measure_v i_o shall_v give_v a_o example_n or_o two_o of_o the_o chain_n and_o it_o shall_v be_v of_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n divide_v into_o 100_o part_n as_o suppose_v the_o figure_n a_o b_o c_o d._n see_v fig._n 42._o this_o figure_n may_v be_v measure_v several_a way_n as_o first_o it_o may_v be_v put_v into_o two_o triangle_n and_o so_o measure_v or_o else_o you_o may_v measure_v both_o the_o end_n and_o half_o they_o and_o so_o measure_v the_o length_n in_o the_o middle_a you_o may_v measure_v also_o both_o the_o side_n and_o half_a they_o and_o then_o measure_v the_o breadth_n in_o the_o middle_n but_o for_o example_n first_o i_o measure_v the_o side_n a_o b._n and_o find_v it_o to_o be_v 15_o chain_n and_o 80_o link_n of_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n the_o end_n b_o c._n be_v 6_o chain_n 74_o link_n the_o other_o side_n c_o d._n be_v 12_o chain_n 50_o link_n and_o the_o other_o end_v d_o a._n be_v 6_o chain_n then_o add_v the_o two_o side_n together_o of_o which_o take_v the_o half_n that_o half_o be_v the_o mean_a length_n both_o side_n add_v together_o make_v 28_o chain_n 30_o link_n half_a of_o which_o be_v 14_o chain_n 15_o link_n then_o add_v the_o end_n together_o viz._n 6_o chain_n and_o 6_o chain_n 74_o link_n the_o total_a of_o both_o be_v 12_o chain_n 74_o link_n then_o half_a of_o the_o end_v add_v together_o be_v 6_o chain_n 37_o link_n then_o multiply_v the_o mean_a length_n by_o the_o mean_a breadth_n and_o cut_v off_o 5_o figure_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o whatsoever_o figure_n remain_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n be_v acre_n and_o those_o 5_o figure_n cut_v off_o be_v part_n of_o a_o acre_n thus_o may_v you_o know_v the_o content_a of_o a_o field_n without_o division_n as_o in_o the_o last_o examp._n 14._o 15_o multiply_v by_o 6._o 37_o give_v 901355_o then_o if_o you_o take_v off_o five_o figure_n as_o the_o fractional_a part_n there_o remain_v 9_o which_o be_v nine_o acre_n two_o pole_n and_o above_o â…›_n of_o a_o pole_n but_o you_o may_v easy_o know_v the_o fractional_a part_n of_o any_o decimal_a fraction_n thus_o this_o belong_v to_o 100000_o for_o if_o the_o decimal_a fraction_n have_v 5_o figure_n the_o integer_fw-la be_v 6_o the_o fraction_n 4_o than_o the_o integer_fw-la 5._o etc._n etc._n then_o work_v it_o by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o or_o by_o your_o line_n of_o number_n thus_o as_o 100000_o be_v to_o 1355_o so_o be_v 160_o the_o square_a pole_n in_o one_o acre_n to_o 2_o pole_n and_o near_a Â¼_n but_o that_o you_o may_v be_v the_o better_o satisfy_v in_o this_o most_o useful_a rule_n if_o 100000_o be_v equal_a to_o one_o acre_n or_o 160_o pole_n so_o that_o when_o any_o fraction_n be_v repair_v but_o to_o these_o rule_n and_o you_o may_v see_v what_o number_n of_o pole_n be_v equal_a to_o it_o you_o may_v proportion_v it_o to_o half-pole_n etc._n etc._n for_o not_o only_o to_o prove_v this_o but_o also_o to_o show_v you_o how_o much_o ready_a this_o way_n be_v than_o the_o 100_o link_n to_o bring_v it_o into_o rod_n or_o pole_n then_o divide_v it_o by_o 160_o to_o bring_v the_o aforesaid_a measure_n to_o the_o one_o pole_n chain_n and_o 100_o multiply_v 14._o 15_o by_o 4_o it_o give_v 56._o 60_o and_o 6._o 37_o multiply_v by_o 4_o give_v 25._o 48_o which_o be_v multiply_v one_o by_o the_o other_o gives_z 1442_o 1680_o 10000_o i_o will_v neglect_v the_o fraction_n as_o be_v not_o Â¼_n of_o a_o pole_n and_o divide_v 1442_o the_o pole_n in_o that_o measure_n by_o the_o sq_n pole_n in_o one_o acre_n 160_o pole_n and_o the_o quotient_n be_v 9_o and_o 2_o over_o that_o be_v 9_o acre_n 2_o pole_n and_o a_o little_a more_o as_o before_z but_o how_o much_o the_o other_o way_n be_v ready_a than_o this_o i_o leave_v the_o reader_n to_o judge_v example_n the_o second_o how_o to_o measure_v a_o triangle_n with_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n and_o never_o use_v division_n as_o in_o the_o triangle_n a_o b_o c._n the_o base_a a_o c._n be_v 40_o pole_n and_o the_o prick_v perpendicular_a line_n be_v 20_o the_o half_a be_v 10_o pole_n now_o when_o you_o have_v even_o pole_n as_o in_o this_o examp._n you_o must_v add_v two_o cipher_n to_o the_o length_n and_o two_o to_o the_o breadth_n or_o else_o you_o can_v take_v off_o the_o 5_o figure_n or_o 5_o cipher_n as_o be_v before_o show_v then_o take_v the_o 5_o cipher_n off_o after_o multiplication_n there_o remain_v 40_o which_o show_v you_o that_o such_o a_o triangle_n that_o have_v such_o a_o base_a and_o such_o a_o perpendicular_a contain_v four_o acre_n of_o ground_n and_o if_o you_o work_v it_o the_o common_a way_n you_o will_v find_v it_o to_o be_v true_a see_v fig._n 43._o but_o to_o assist_v you_o yet_o further_o to_o turn_v Â _fw-fr m._n c._n x._o Â _fw-fr ac_fw-la ro_o p._n ac_fw-la ro_o p._n ro_o po_fw-es 1_o 6._o 1._o 0_o 0._o 2._o 20_o 0._o 10_o 2_o 12._o 2._o 0_o 0._o 1._o 0_o 0._o 20_o 3_o 18._o 3._o 0_o 1._o 3._o 20_o 0._o 30_o 4_o 25._o 0._o 0_o 2._o 2._o 0_o 1._o 0_o 5_o 31._o 1._o 0_o 3._o 0._o 20_o 1._o 10_o

6_o 37._o 2._o 0_o 3._o 3._o 0_o 1._o 20_o 7_o 43._o 3._o 0_o 4._o 1._o 20_o 1._o 30_o 8_o 50._o 0._o 0_o 5._o 0._o 0_o 2._o 0_o 9_o 56._o 1._o 0_o 5._o 2._o 20_o 2._o 10_o pole_n into_o acre_n observe_v this_o table_n the_o denomination_n of_o the_o several_a number_n be_v know_v by_o the_o mark_v under_o which_o they_o be_v set_v as_o all_o under_o ac._n be_v acre_n under_o ro._n be_v rood_n under_o po._n be_v so_o many_o pole_n and_o so_o the_o first_o column_n under_o m._n answer_v to_o thousand_o that_o under_o c._n to_o hundred_o that_o under_o x._o to_o ten_o and_o the_o odd_a pole_n if_o any_o be_v be_v set_v down_o under_o pole_n as_o e._n g._n 1442_o pole_n to_o know_v how_o many_o acre_n by_o this_o table_n first_o for_o the_o one_o thousand_o in_o the_o table_n under_o m._n be_v 6_o acre_n one_o rood_n set_v that_o down_o as_o you_o see_v in_o the_o precede_a page_n then_o four_o hundred_o under_o c._n and_o against_o 4_o be_v 2_o acre_n 2_o rood_n set_v that_o down_o then_o in_o the_o table_n under_o x._o and_o against_o 4_o be_v one_o rood_n set_v that_o down_o then_o the_o odd_a pole_n set_v down_o always_o under_o the_o pole_n as_o 2_o under_o pole_n then_o sum_n they_o up_o and_o you_o shall_v find_v it_o be_v 9_o acre_n 2_o pole_n as_o before_z this_o table_n be_v so_o plain_a there_o need_v no_o more_o example_n a_o table_n of_o superficial_a long_a measure_n from_o a_o inch_n to_o a_o mile_n according_a to_o the_o standard_n of_o england_n inch._n Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr 12_o a_o foot_n Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr 36_o 3_o a_o yard_n Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr 45_o 3_o Â¾_n 1_o Â¼_n ell._n Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr 198_o 16_o Â½_o 5_o Â½_o 4_o â…–_n pole_n Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr 7920_o 660_o 220_o 176_o 40_o furlong_n Â _fw-fr 63360_o 5280_o 1760_o 1408_o 320_o 8_o mile_n a_o table_n of_o square_a measure_n acre_n 4_o 160_o 4840_o 43560_o Â _fw-fr rood_n 40_o 1210_o 10890_o Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr pole_n 30_o Â¼_n 272_o Â¼_n Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr yard_n 9_o Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr Â _fw-fr foot_n a_o example_n of_o the_o table_n of_o long_a measure_n suppose_v you_o be_v to_o find_v out_o how_o many_o inch_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n long_o look_v under_o inch_n and_o against_o pole_n there_o be_v 198_o and_o so_o many_o inch_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n long_o and_o 16_o Â½_o foot_n 5_o Â½_o yard_n and_o in_o the_o table_n of_o square_a measure_n to_o know_v how_o many_o square_a yard_n be_v in_o a_o pole_n look_v against_o pole_n and_o above_o yard_n there_o be_v 30_o Â¼_n the_o square_a yard_n in_o a_o pole_n there_o be_v several_a other_o sort_n of_o superficial_a measure_n as_o paving_n plaistering_n wainscoting_n and_o paint_v which_o be_v to_o be_v measure_v by_o the_o yard_n square_a and_o may_v be_v measure_v by_o some_o of_o the_o rule_n before_o show_v your_o ready_a way_n be_v by_o the_o yard_n divide_v into_o ten_o part_n so_o will_v you_o odd_a measure_n come_v into_o decimal_a fraction_n which_o be_v as_o easy_o cast_v up_o as_o whole_a number_n or_o if_o you_o measure_v by_o the_o foot_n rule_n have_v it_o divide_v into_o 10_o part_n and_o when_o you_o have_v find_v the_o content_a in_o foot_n divide_v it_o by_o 9_o the_o quotient_n will_v show_v you_o how_o many_o yard_n and_o if_o any_o remain_n they_o be_v foot_n some_o sort_n of_o work_n be_v measure_v by_o the_o square_n of_o 10_o foot_n the_o side_n so_o that_o such_o a_o square_n be_v 100_o foot_n for_o ten_o time_n ten_o be_v a_o hundred_o by_o this_o measure_n be_v your_o carpenter_n work_v measure_v as_o floor_n partition_n roof_n of_o house_n so_o also_o be_v til_v and_o slat_v measure_v this_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o measure_v and_o to_o cast_v up_o for_o if_o you_o multiply_v the_o breadth_n by_o the_o length_n so_o many_o hundred_o as_o you_o find_v so_o many_o square_n be_v there_o and_o what_o remain_v be_v part_n of_o a_o square_n board_n and_o glass_n etc._n etc._n be_v measure_v by_o the_o foot_n which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o ten_o part_n which_o will_v be_v much_o easy_a to_o count_v up_o but_o if_o you_o will_v be_v more_o full_o satisfy_v in_o the_o rule_n of_o survey_v see_v the_o work_n of_o mr._n leyborn_n mr._n wing_n mr._n rathborn_a etc._n etc._n have_v the_o length_n of_o a_o field_n to_o know_v what_o breadth_n will_v make_v one_o acre_n of_o ground_n by_o the_o fourpole_n chain_n and_o line_n of_o number_n ex._n the_o length_n be_v 12_o chain_n 50_o link_n to_o find_v the_o breadth_n to_o make_v that_o length_n just_a one_o acre_n do_v thus_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o 12.50_o the_o length_n to_o 10_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o one_o to_o 80_o which_o be_v the_o breadth_n in_o link_n to_o make_v one_o acre_n for_o if_o you_o multiply_v 12.50_o by_o 80_o it_o yield_v 100000_o from_o which_o if_o you_o take_v off_o five_o cipher_n there_o remain_v one_o which_o be_v one_o acre_n etc._n etc._n chap._n xli_o of_o measure_v holes_n and_o border_n that_o be_v under_o a_o pole_n broad_a by_o which_o you_o may_v the_o better_a let_v or_o take_v they_o to_o do_v by_o the_o pole-square_a etc._n etc._n with_o several_a table_n of_o measure_n holes_n for_o to_o set_v tree_n in_o be_v seldom_o make_v under_o one_o foot_n diameter_n or_o above_o eight_o foot_n diameter_n the_o depth_n may_v be_v reduce_v to_o a_o foot_n deep_a the_o rule_n to_o measure_v any_o circle_n by_o be_v the_o same_o which_o be_v thus_o to_o take_v the_o semi-circumference_n and_o the_o semi-diameter_n and_o multiply_v these_o half_n the_o one_o by_o the_o other_o sheweth_z the_o superficial_a content_a or_o area_n of_o that_o circle_n this_o you_o may_v work_v either_o by_o the_o pen_n or_o line_n of_o number_n as_o by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n thus_o the_o diameter_n be_v four_o foot_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 1._o to_o 4._o the_o diameter_n keep_v your_o compass_n fix_v and_o always_o on_o the_o number_n 7854_o set_v one_o point_n and_o turn_v twice_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n but_o if_o they_o fall_v off_o at_o the_o end_n at_o the_o second_o turn_n then_o must_v you_o set_v they_o on_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o line_n when_o you_o have_v turn_v they_o once_o etc._n etc._n have_v take_v the_o distance_n of_o 1_o to_o 4._o and_o set_v one_o point_n on_o the_o stand_a number_n 7854_o the_o other_o point_n go_v to_o 31_o and_o near_o Â½_o thence_o if_o you_o turn_v another_o turn_v it_o will_v go_v off_o from_o the_o line_n therefore_o you_o must_v find_v the_o point_n 31_o and_o near_a Â½_o on_o the_o first_o part_n of_o the_o line_n and_o set_v one_o point_n there_o the_o other_o will_v reach_v to_o 12_o and_o about_o 58_o 100_o which_o tell_v you_o that_o in_o a_o circle_n of_o 4_o foot_n diameter_n there_o be_v 12_o superficial_a square_a foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o better_o now_o to_o work_v it_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n above_o by_o the_o line_n if_o you_o multiply_v the_o semi-diameter_n by_o the_o semi-circumference_n it_o give_v the_o content_a the_o same_o way_n i_o shall_v do_v it_o with_o my_o pen_n example_n first_o have_v the_o diameter_n i_o must_v find_v the_o circumference_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 7_o to_o 22._o the_o same_o will_v reach_v from_o 4_o to_o 12._o 58_o the_o circumference_n than_o Â½_o of_o 12._o 58_o be_v 6_o 29_o 100_o the_o semi_a circumference_n which_o multiply_v by_o 2_o the_o semi_a diameter_n extend_v the_o compass_n from_o 1_o to_o 2_o the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o 6._o 29_o to_o 12._o 58_o as_o before_o that_o be_v twelve_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a and_o 8_o 100_o you_o here_o may_v see_v how_o easy_o and_o ready_o the_o golden_a rule_n and_o multiplication_n may_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n which_o i_o use_v the_o often_o that_o you_o may_v take_v the_o more_o notice_n of_o the_o easiness_n of_o it_o to_o work_v any_o of_o the_o rule_n of_o arithmetic_n by_o be_v once_o perfect_a in_o this_o you_o will_v soon_o understand_v the_o sector_n with_o its_o excellent_a use_n in_o the_o mathematics_n perform_v by_o line_n and_o compass_n but_o according_a to_o the_o last_o rule_n see_v the_o same_o question_n write_v with_o the_o pen_n that_o you_o may_v see_v the_o agreement_n that_o be_v between_o geometry_n and_o arithmetic_n example_n 144_o which_o 741_o barly-corn_n be_v above_o half_a a_o foot_n as_o be_v show_v before_o but_o in_o find_v the_o circumference_n i_o add_v a_o cypher_n to_o 4_o which_o make_v it_o 40_o from_o that_o i_o take_v 6_o time_n 7_o which_o be_v 42_o and_o shall_v be_v

pole_n as_o in_o the_o first_o example_n than_o always_o such_o a_o figure_n end_v in_o Â¾_n of_o a_o pole_n as_o that_o do_v but_o if_o a_o figure_n be_v two_o pole_n and_o Â¾_n one_o way_n and_o two_o pole_n and_o Â¼_n the_o other_o as_o the_o last_o be_v it_o end_v always_o in_o such_o a_o decimal_n as_o this_o 1875_o that_o be_v half_a a_o quarter_n and_o half_a half_a a_o quarter_n that_o be_v â…›_n and_o 1_o 16_o part_n of_o a_o pole_n square_n this_o way_n may_v you_o cast_v up_o the_o content_a of_o a_o ground_n very_o speedy_o and_o exact_v if_o the_o middle_a length_n and_o middle_a breadth_n fall_v out_o in_o Â¼_n Â½_o or_o Â¾_n of_o a_o pole_n and_o this_o way_n you_o may_v sum_n up_o a_o field_n before_o you_o do_v it_o decimal_o and_o then_o one_o will_v be_v good_a proof_n to_o the_o other_o which_o with_o little_a practice_n will_v make_v you_o so_o perfect_a that_o in_o small_a field_n you_o will_v ready_o tell_v the_o content_a without_o pen_n or_o rule_n only_o by_o memory_n these_o rule_n may_v also_o be_v do_v by_o two_o turn_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o the_o line_n of_o number_n and_o there_o be_v no_o way_n so_o ready_a if_o once_o you_o come_v but_o to_o understand_v that_o most_o useful_a line_n well_o for_o as_o the_o distance_n of_o one_o of_o the_o number_n to_o be_v multiply_v be_v from_o one_o at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o line_n the_o same_o distance_n be_v the_o product_n from_o the_o other_o number_n example_n of_o the_o second_o figure_n as_o one_o be_v to_o two_o and_o a_o half_a the_o same_o extent_n of_o your_o compass_n will_v reach_v from_o 2_o and_o a_o half_a to_o 6_o Â¼_n the_o product_n a_o table_n of_o board-measure_n by_o have_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o board_n in_o inches_n against_o which_o be_v show_v the_o quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n thereof_o in_o length_n the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n breadth_n of_o the_o board_n in_o inches_n the_o quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n in_o length_n Â _fw-fr f.pts._n 1_o 0.083_o 2_o 0.167_o 3_o 0.250_o 4_o 0.333_o 5_o 0.417_o 6_o 0.500_o 7_o 0.583_o 8_o 0.667_o 9_o 0.750_o 10_o 0.833_o 11_o 0.917_o 12_o 1.000_o 13_o 1.083_o 14_o 1.167_o 15_o 1.250_o 16_o 1.333_o 17_o 1.417_o 18_o 1.500_o 19_o 1.583_o 20_o 1.667_o 21_o 1.750_o 22_o 1.833_o 23_o 1.917_o 24_o 2.000_o 25_o 2.083_o 26_o 2.167_o 27_o 2.250_o 28_o 2.333_o 29_o 2.417_o 30_o 2.500_o 31_o 2.583_o 32_o 2.667_o 33_o 2.750_o 34_o 2.833_o 35_o 2.917_o 36_o 3.000_o have_v take_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o board_n in_o inches_n see_v what_o number_n answer_v it_o in_o this_o table_n and_o what_o number_n you_o find_v against_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n multiply_v by_o the_o length_n of_o the_o board_n or_o glass_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o three_o last_o figure_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n thereby_o you_o shall_v have_v the_o number_n in_o foot_n and_o the_o part_n cut_v off_o be_v part_n of_o a_o foot_n example_n a_o board_n ten_o inch_n broad_a and_o ten_o foot_n long_o against_o 10_o you_o see_v be_v 0.833_o which_o multiply_v by_o 10_o gives_z 8330_o then_o take_v off_o 3_o figure_n there_o remain_v 8_o that_o be_v 8_o foot_n and_o 33_o 100_o but_o if_o you_o will_v measure_v this_o board_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n than_o set_v one_o point_n of_o your_o compass_n on_o 12_o extend_v the_o other_o to_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n to_o the_o content_a for_o as_o 12_o the_o side_z of_o a_o superficial_a foot_n square_a be_v to_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n which_o here_o be_v 10_o so_o be_v the_o length_n in_o foot_n which_o in_o this_o example_n be_v 10_o to_o the_o content_a in_o foot_n and_o part_n which_o be_v 8_o foot_n 33_o 100_o note_v this_o for_o a_o general_a rule_n that_o if_o the_o breadth_n be_v less_o than_o 12_o inch_n then_o must_v you_o turn_v the_o compass_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n on_o your_o rule_n and_o if_o more_o than_o 12_o then_o turn_v your_o compass_n from_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n learn_v but_o to_o read_v your_o line_n well_o and_o this_o rule_n then_o may_v you_o measure_v any_o board_n or_o pain_n of_o glass_n as_o easy_o as_o to_o tell_v ten_o etc._n etc._n chap._n xlii_o of_o measure_v timber_n and_o other_o solid_a body_n with_o several_a table_n useful_a thereunto_o etc._n etc._n in_o board_n glass_n land_n etc._n etc._n we_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o find_v the_o superficial_a content_a but_o to_o measure_v solid_a body_n we_o must_v take_v notice_n of_o the_o length_n breadth_n and_o depth_n most_o of_o solid_a figure_n be_v measure_v by_o find_v first_o the_o superficial_a content_n of_o the_o base_a or_o one_o end_n and_o multiply_v that_o by_o the_o length_n if_o both_o end_v alike_o but_o if_o tapering_a then_o by_o â…“_n of_o the_o length_n and_o as_o superficial_a measure_n have_v 144_o square_a inch_n in_o one_o foot_n and_o 72_o square_a inch_n in_o half_a a_o foot_n and_o 36_o square_a inch_n in_o a_o quarter_n so_o in_o solid_a measure_n 1728_o square_a inch_n make_v one_o foot_n and_o 8.64_o square_a inch_n make_v half_a a_o foot_n and_o 432_o square_a inch_n make_v a_o quarter_n of_o a_o foot_n for_o every_o inch_n square_a be_v like_o a_o die_n and_o so_o be_v a_o foot_n of_o solid_a measure_n suppose_v to_o be_v for_o what_o it_o want_v either_o in_o breadth_n or_o in_o thickness_n it_o must_v have_v in_o length_n so_o that_o in_o what_o form_n soever_o your_o solid_a body_n be_v that_o you_o measure_v there_o must_v be_v 1728_o solid_a inch_n to_o make_v a_o foot_n for_o 12_o the_o side_z of_o a_o foot_n multiply_v by_o 12_o give_v 144_o for_o one_o side_n and_o 144_o multiply_v by_o 12_o another_o side_z give_v 1728_o the_o cube-square_a inch_n in_o a_o cube-square_a foot_n now_o to_o find_v the_o solid_a content_n of_o any_o piece_n of_o timber_n or_o stone_n that_o have_v the_o side_n equal_a first_o find_v the_o superficial_a content_n of_o the_o end_n in_o inch_n and_o part_n and_o multiply_v that_o by_o the_o length_n in_o inch_n the_o product_n be_v the_o content_a in_o solid_a inch_n then_o divide_v that_o sum_n by_o 1728_o the_o inch_n in_o a_o foot_n the_o quotient_a show_v you_o the_o content_a in_o solid_a foot_n and_o what_o remain_n be_v inches_n if_o you_o will_v work_v this_o by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n the_o rule_n be_v thus_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o one_o to_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n the_o same_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o the_o depth_n to_o the_o content_a of_o the_o end_n then_o extend_v the_o compass_n from_o one_o to_o this_o content_a of_o the_o end_n keep_v your_o compass_n fix_v and_o that_o extent_n will_v reach_v from_o the_o length_n to_o the_o content_a in_o solid_a inch_n but_o if_o your_o solid_a figure_n have_v both_o end_n alike_o and_o in_o form_n of_o a_o regular_a polgone_n that_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o timber_n hew_v into_o 5_o 6_o 7_o or_o 8_o equal_a side_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o a_o prism_n then_o take_v the_o semi-circumference_n and_o multiply_v that_o by_o the_o radius_fw-la or_o semi-diameter_n that_o product_v by_o the_o length_n give_v the_o content_a but_o if_o your_o solid_a figure_n be_v a_o cylinder_n that_o be_v a_o round_a piece_n of_o timber_n or_o stone_n have_v both_o end_v equal_a diameter_n as_o a_o roller_n etc._n etc._n here_o take_v the_o semi-circumference_n multiply_v it_o by_o the_o semi-diameter_n and_o the_o area_n of_o that_o by_o the_o length_n give_v the_o solid_a content_a now_o many_o of_o the_o body_n of_o our_o timber-tree_n will_v be_v near_o this_o form_n of_o a_o cylinder_n but_o custom_n have_v get_v such_o footing_n though_o very_o false_a that_o man_n will_v not_o measure_v their_o timber_n the_o true_a way_n but_o will_v still_o keep_v their_o error_n which_o be_v to_o gird_v the_o middle_n of_o the_o tree_n about_o with_o a_o line_n and_o take_v the_o four_o part_n thereof_o for_o the_o true_a square_n and_o so_o measure_v it_o as_o a_o foursquare_a piece_n of_o timber_n but_o how_o false_a that_o be_v may_v appear_v by_o the_o ensue_a table_n whoever_o be_v please_v to_o try_v will_v find_v that_o there_o may_v be_v four_o slab_n take_v off_o to_o bring_v that_o to_o a_o square_a and_o that_o square_a piece_n then_o will_v be_v near_o equal_a to_o the_o measure_n they_o first_o measure_v the_o piece_n of_o timber_n by_o so_o that_o when_o they_o have_v bring_v their_o piece_n square_a by_o hew_v or_o saw_v they_o then_o have_v the_o measure_n that_o it_o be_v measure_v for_o when_o it_o

be_v round_a but_o several_a man_n have_v demonstrate_v this_o false_a rule_n to_o be_v false_a near_o â…“_n as_o mr._n wing_n mr._n philip_n and_o other_o yet_o custom_n do_v and_o will_v keep_v its_o road._n i_o have_v already_o show_v how_o to_o measure_v timber_n by_o the_o customary_a way_n by_o the_o line_n of_o number_n in_o chap._n 35_o and_o 36._o before-going_a and_o for_o further_a satisfaction_n i_o refer_v you_o to_o these_o table_n follow_v a_o table_n show_v the_o solid_a content_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n of_o any_o piece_n of_o timber_n according_a to_o the_o superficial_a content_a take_v at_o the_o end_n thereof_o the_o inch_n at_o the_o end_n f._n pt_n 1_o 0.007_o 2_o 0.014_o 3_o 0.021_o 4_o 0.028_o 5_o 0.035_o 6_o 0.042_o 7_o 0.049_o 8_o 0.056_o 9_o 0.062_o 10_o 0.069_o 20_o 0.139_o 30_o 0.208_o 40_o 0.278_o 50_o 0.347_o 60_o 0.417_o 70_o 0.486_o 80_o 0.556_o 90_o 0.625_o 100_o 0.694_o 200_o 1.389_o 300_o 2.083_o 400_o 2.778_o 500_o 3.472_o 600_o 4.167_o 700_o 4.861_o 800_o 5.556_o 900_o 6.250_o 1000_o 6.944_o 2000_o 13.888_o 3000_o 20.833_o 4000_o 27.778_o 5000_o 34.722_o 6000_o 41.666_o 7000_o 48.711_o 8000_o 55.555_o 9000_o 62.500_o 10000_o 69.444_o 20000_o 138.888_o find_v the_o superficial_a content_n at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o timber-stick_a or_o stone_n etc._n etc._n let_v it_o be_v round_o or_o square_a so_o it_o have_v but_o the_o same_o compass_n from_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o against_o that_o number_n be_v the_o foot_n and_o part_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n and_o by_o multiply_v that_o by_o the_o length_n of_o your_o stick_n show_v the_o content_a in_o square_a foot_n example_n the_o superficial_a content_n at_o the_o end_n be_v 200_o inch_n and_o 5_o foot_n long_o against_o 200_o be_v 1_o foot_n 389_o part_n which_o multiply_v by_o 5_o the_o length_n yield_v 6_o foot_n and_o 945_o part_n that_o be_v near_o 7_o foot_n of_o timber_n but_o if_o the_o number_n that_o be_v at_o the_o end_n be_v not_o in_o the_o table_n then_o add_v two_o number_n together_o and_o then_o take_v the_o number_n which_o answer_v they_o and_o add_v they_o together_o and_o multiply_v the_o length_n by_o that_o sum_n as_o before_o etc._n etc._n a_o table_n show_v the_o true_a quantity_n of_o one_o foot_n length_n in_o any_o true_a square_a piece_n of_o timber_n for_o inch_n and_o half_a inch_n from_o half_a a_o inch_n square_a to_o 36_o inch_n square_a i._o foe_fw-mi pt_v Â _fw-fr 0.002_o 1_o 0.007_o Â _fw-fr 0.016_o 2_o 0.028_o Â _fw-fr 0.043_o 3_o 0.062_o Â _fw-fr 0.085_o 4_o 0.111_o Â _fw-fr 0.140_o 5_o 0.174_o Â _fw-fr 0.210_o 6_o 0.250_o Â _fw-fr 0.293_o 7_o 0.340_o Â _fw-fr 0.390_o 8_o 0.444_o Â _fw-fr 0.502_o 9_o 0.562_o Â _fw-fr 0.627_o 10_o 0.694_o Â _fw-fr 0.765_o 11_o 0.840_o Â _fw-fr 0.919_o 12_o 1.000_o Â _fw-fr 1.085_o 13_o 1.174_o Â _fw-fr 1.266_o 14_o 1.361_o Â _fw-fr 1.460_o 15_o 1.562_o Â _fw-fr 1.668_o 16_o 1.778_o Â _fw-fr 1.891_o 17_o 2.007_o Â _fw-fr 2.127_o 18_o 2.250_o Â _fw-fr 2.377_o 19_o 2.507_o Â _fw-fr 2.641_o 20_o 2_o 778_o Â _fw-fr 2.918_o 21_o 3.062_o Â _fw-fr 3.210_o 22_o 3.361_o Â _fw-fr 3.516_o 23_o 3.673_o Â _fw-fr 3.835_o 24_o 4.000_o Â _fw-fr 4.166_o 25_o 4.340_o Â _fw-fr 4.513_o 26_o 4.694_o Â _fw-fr 4.877_o 27_o 5.063_o Â _fw-fr 5.250_o 28_o 5.445_o Â _fw-fr 5.670_o 29_o 5.840_o Â _fw-fr 6.043_o 30_o 6.250_o Â _fw-fr 6.460_o 31_o 6.673_o Â _fw-fr 6.890_o 32_o 7.111_o Â _fw-fr 7.333_o 33_o 7.562_o Â _fw-fr 7.780_o 34_o 8.028_o Â _fw-fr 8.263_o 35_o 8.507_o Â _fw-fr 8.750_o 36_o 9.000_o if_o you_o will_v enlarge_v this_o table_n further_o the_o rule_n be_v this_o as_o the_o square_n of_o 12_o inch_n which_o be_v 144_o be_v to_o 1000_o so_o be_v the_o square_a of_o another_o number_n to_o another_o example_n as_o in_o 36_o the_o square_a of_o it_o be_v 1296_o then_o as_o 144_o be_v to_o 1000_o so_o be_v 1296_o to_o 9_o foot_n etc._n etc._n as_o be_v in_o the_o table_n the_o use_v of_o the_o table_n the_o square_a of_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n be_v find_v in_o inch_n and_o the_o length_n thereof_o in_o foot_n to_o know_v the_o content_a take_v the_o number_n answer_v to_o the_o square_n of_o inches_n out_o of_o the_o table_n and_o multiply_v it_o by_o the_o length_n in_o foot_n example_n a_o piece_n of_o timber_n 18_o inch_n square_a and_o 25_o foot_n long_o the_o number_n answer_v to_o 18_o inch_n square_a be_v which_o multiply_v by_o 25_o the_o length_n which_o be_v 56_o foot_n and_o one_o quarter_n a_o piece_n 18_o inch_n square_a at_o the_o end_n and_o one_o foot_n long_o be_v 2_o foot_n and_o 1_o 40._o a_o table_n show_v by_o the_o compass_n of_o round_a timber_n what_o be_v contain_v in_o a_o foot_n length_n thereof_o co._n foe_fw-mi pa._n 10_o 0.055_o 11_o 0.066_o 12_o 0.079_o 13_o 0.093_o 14_o 0.108_o 15_o 0.124_o 16_o 0.141_o 17_o 0.159_o 18_o 0.179_o 19_o 0.200_o 20_o 0.221_o 21_o 0.243_o 22_o 0.267_o 23_o 0.292_o 24_o 0.318_o 25_o 0.343_o 26_o 0.374_o 27_o 0.403_o 28_o 0.433_o 29_o 0.465_o 30_o 0.497_o 31_o 0.531_o 32_o 0.566_o 33_o 0.602_o 34_o 0.639_o 35_o 0.677_o 36_o 0.716_o 37_o 0.756_o 38_o 0.798_o 39_o 0.840_o 40_o 0.884_o 41_o 0.929_o 42_o 9.974_o 43_o 1.021_o 44_o 1.070_o 45_o 1.119_o 46_o 1.169_o 47_o 1.220_o 48_o 1.273_o 49_o 1.327_o 50_o 1.381_o 51_o 1.437_o 52_o 1.496_o 53_o 1.552_o 54_o 1.612_o 55_o 1.671_o 56_o 1.732_o 57_o 1.795_o 58_o 1.860_o 59_o 1.923_o 60_o 1.988_o 61_o 2.056_o 62_o 2.124_o 63_o 2.193_o 64_o 2.264_o 65_o 2.335_o 66_o 2.406_o 67_o 2.480_o 68_o 2.555_o 69_o 2.631_o 70_o 2.707_o 71_o 2.785_o 72_o 2.864_o 73_o 2.945_o 74_o 3.026_o 75_o 3.108_o 76_o 3.191_o 77_o 3.276_o 78_o 3.362_o 79_o 3.449_o 80_o 3.537_o 81_o 3.625_o 82_o 3.715_o 83_o 3.807_o 84_o 3.866_o 85_o 3.990_o 86_o 4.084_o 87_o 4.183_o 88_o 4.279_o 89_o 4.377_o 90_o 4.475_o 91_o 4.576_o 92_o 4.677_o 93_o 4.780_o 94_o 4.882_o 95_o 4.987_o 96_o 5.093_o 97_o 5.200_o 98_o 5.307_o 99_o 5.416_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n be_v as_o follow_v look_v for_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o inches_n and_o in_o the_o column_n annex_v you_o have_v the_o quantity_n of_o timber_n in_o one_o foot_n length_n which_o multiply_v by_o the_o number_n of_o foot_n that_o the_o tree_n be_v in_o length_n and_o the_o product_n be_v the_o content_a thereof_o example_n the_o circumference_n or_o compass_n of_o a_o tree_n 47_o inch_n and_o 12_o foot_n long_o the_o number_n against_o 47_o inch_n be_v 1.220_o so_o there_o be_v so_o much_o in_o one_o foot_n length_n which_o multiply_v by_o 12_o give_v the_o content_a that_o be_v 14_o foot_z and_o above_o half_a a_o foot_n this_o table_n show_v how_o many_o inch_n in_o length_n make_v one_o foot_n of_o timber_n according_a to_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o timber_n from_o 10_o inch_n compass_n to_o 100_o inch_n compass_n co._n in._n pt_n 10_o 217.15_o 11_o 179.46_o 12_o 150.80_o 13_o 128.49_o 14_o 110.79_o 15_o 94.312_o 16_o 84.822_o 17_o 75.137_o 18_o 67.020_o 19_o 60.151_o 20_o 54.286_o 21_o 49.228_o 22_o 44.865_o 23_o 40.904_o 24_o 37.690_o 25_o 34.743_o 26_o 32.122_o 27_o 29.787_o 28_o 27.697_o 29_o 25.820_o 30_o 24.127_o 31_o 22.596_o 32_o 21.206_o 33_o 19.936_o 34_o 18.784_o 35_o 17.736_o 36_o 16.755_o 37_o 15.862_o 38_o 15.038_o 39_o 14.276_o 40_o 13.572_o 41_o 12.916_o 42_o 12.310_o 43_o 11.744_o 44_o 11.211_o 45_o 10.723_o 46_o 10.262_o 47_o 9.830_o 48_o 9.425_o 49_o 9.044_o 50_o 8.686_o 51_o 8.349_o 52_o 8.030_o 53_o 7.730_o 54_o 7.447_o 55_o 7.178_o 56_o 6.924_o 57_o 6.684_o 58_o 6.455_o 59_o 6.238_o 60_o 6.030_o 61_o 5.836_o 62_o 5.649_o 63_o 5.471_o 64_o 5.301_o 65_o 5.140_o 66_o 4.985_o 67_o 4.837_o 68_o 4.696_o 69_o 4.561_o 70_o 4.432_o 71_o 4.308_o 72_o 4.198_o 73_o 4.075_o 74_o 3.965_o 75_o 3.861_o 76_o 3.760_o 77_o 3.663_o 78_o 3.569_o 79_o 3.479_o 80_o 3.393_o 81_o 3.310_o 82_o 3.230_o 83_o 3.152_o 84_o 3.078_o 85_o 3.006_o 86_o 2.936_o 87_o 2.869_o 88_o 2.804_o 89_o 2.742_o 90_o 2.681_o 91_o 2.622_o 92_o 2.566_o 93_o 2.511_o 94_o 2.458_o 95_o 2.406_o 96_o 2.356_o 97_o 2.307_o 98_o 2.261_o 99_o 2.216_o 100_o 2.171_o the_o use_n of_o this_o table_n have_v take_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o tree_n in_o inches_n look_v that_o compass_n in_o the_o table_n and_o against_o it_o you_o may_v see_v how_o many_o inch_n or_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n make_v one_o foot_n of_o timber_n then_o with_o a_o ruler_n or_o a_o pair_n of_o compass_n which_o be_v better_a measure_v how_o many_o time_n you_o can_v find_v that_o in_o the_o length_n of_o the_o piece_n of_o timber_n and_o so_o many_o foot_n be_v in_o that_o piece_n of_o timber_n this_o be_v a_o most_o useful_a table_n to_o measure_v your_o timber-tree_n by_o example_n the_o compass_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v 84_o inch_n about_o than_o

Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Text snippets containing the quad