colour_n which_o phaenomena_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v exhibit_v be_v not_o either_o some_o insensible_a corpuscle_n transmit_v in_o the_o form_n of_o effluvia_fw-la from_o those_o object_n or_o some_o other_o subtle_a particle_n of_o matter_n direct_v by_o local_a motion_n from_o the_o object_n to_o the_o paper_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o eye_n phaenomena_n the_o establish_v law_n of_o the_o universe_n contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o establish_v law_n of_o the_o universe_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n contribute_v to_o the_o produce_v of_o several_a phaenomena_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o insensible_a and_o unheeded_a cause_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v add_v that_o if_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n be_v hold_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a line_n so_o that_o the_o low_a end_n of_o it_o touch_v the_o northern_a point_n of_o a_o magnetical_a needle_n it_o will_v present_o drive_v it_o away_o whereas_o if_o the_o position_n of_o that_o iron_n bar_v be_v so_o alter_v as_o to_o touch_v that_o point_n with_o the_o other_o end_n it_o will_v by_o a_o contrary_a faculty_n attract_v it_o except_o the_o iron_n bar_n have_v stand_v a_o considerable_a time_n in_o a_o perpendicular_a posture_n expose_v to_o the_o air_n and_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n or_o have_v lie_v a_o considerable_a time_n point_v north_n and_o south_n and_o so_o have_v acquire_v a_o more_o durable_a verticity_n and_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v ask_v quality_n how_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n acquire_v magnetical_a quality_n why_o by_o such_o posture_n the_o magnetical_a quality_n of_o iron_n shall_v be_v so_o much_o increase_v it_o may_v probable_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o proceed_v from_o hence_o viz._n because_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o iron_n by_o lie_v near_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n have_v their_o pore_n render_v more_o apt_a to_o receive_v and_o transmit_v the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o needle_n so_o that_o consequent_o that_o part_n of_o the_o iron_n which_o be_v most_o affect_a by_o those_o steam_n must_v become_v the_o strong_a and_o consequent_o the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o needle_n for_o which_o reason_n it_o must_v drive_v away_o the_o north_n point_v of_o the_o needle_n and_o attract_v the_o south_n but_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o other_o end_n of_o the_o bar_n be_v apply_v to_o the_o needle_n by_o a_o contrary_a reason_n it_o be_v less_o magnetical_a it_o must_v attract_v it_o but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o this_o explanation_n of_o the_o magnetical_a quality_n of_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o order_n to_o acquire_v a_o durable_a magnetical_a virtue_n that_o the_o iron_n shall_v stand_v long_o in_o that_o perpendicular_a posture_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v what_o i_o contend_v for_o viz._n that_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o nature_n be_v requisite_a for_o the_o production_n of_o several_a phaenomena_n which_o will_v not_o be_v effect_v be_v not_o those_o law_n observe_v proposition_n the_o three_o proposition_n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o the_o three_o and_o last_o proposition_n viz._n that_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o mechanical_a texture_n of_o a_o body_n be_v enough_o to_o dispose_v it_o or_o render_v it_o unapt_a to_o be_v work_v on_o by_o those_o unheeded_a agent_n this_o be_v evident_a from_o what_o be_v practise_v at_o sea_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n for_o the_o seaman_n to_o throw_v water_n upon_o their_o sail_n to_o quicken_v the_o motion_n of_o their_o vessel_n when_o pursue_v by_o pirate_n for_o the_o thread_n of_o the_o sail_n be_v swell_v with_o water_n and_o the_o pore_n by_o that_o mean_v make_v less_o the_o wind_n not_o find_v so_o free_a a_o passage_n through_o they_o must_v consequent_o have_v the_o great_a force_n upon_o the_o sail-clothe_n and_o so_o drive_v the_o ship_n forward_o more_o swift_o another_o instance_n of_o considerable_a effect_n succeed_v a_o very_a slight_a alteration_n in_o texture_n may_v be_v observe_v when_o on_o a_o windy_a day_n a_o chamber-window_n be_v leave_v open_a for_o the_o wind_n which_o before_o only_o shake_v the_o glass_n will_v present_o blow_v the_o curtain_n about_o and_o other_o thing_n in_o the_o chamber_n which_o be_v in_o a_o disposition_n to_o be_v easy_o move_v as_o dust_n paper_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o proceed_v to_o example_n altogether_o not_o so_o gross_a we_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o though_o common_a tartar_n will_v neither_o dissolve_v in_o the_o air_n nor_o easy_o in_o water_n yet_o when_o part_n of_o it_o be_v drive_v away_o by_o calcination_n it_o ready_o dissolve_v and_o run_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o a_o moist_a air._n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o though_o a_o loadstone_n by_o be_v heat_v in_o the_o fire_n and_o cool_v again_o undergo_v no_o visible_a change_n as_o to_o shape_n or_o size_n nor_o for_o as_o much_o as_o can_v be_v perceive_v by_o the_o eye_n lose_v none_o of_o its_o part_n yet_o by_o a_o invisible_a change_n of_o texture_n effect_v by_o the_o magnetical_a effluvia_fw-la of_o the_o earth_n it_o may_v alter_v its_o verticity_n according_a to_o the_o different_a posture_n it_o be_v permit_v to_o cool_v in_o and_o the_o like_a change_n i_o have_v observe_v in_o iron_n who_o verticity_n be_v alter_v by_o a_o change_n of_o texture_n wrought_v by_o so_o weak_a a_o agent_n as_o the_o earth_n to_o these_o we_o may_v add_v several_a instance_n in_o liquid_a body_n and_o first_o that_o though_o honey_n and_o water_n mix_v together_o in_o a_o undue_a proportion_n reserve_v each_o their_o distinct_a nature_n yet_o if_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o water_n be_v add_v to_o one_o part_n of_o honey_n by_o some_o subtle_a agent_n or_o other_o they_o be_v present_o ferment_v and_o unite_v into_o one_o common_a mass_n and_o i_o be_o assure_v by_o a_o merchant_n who_o live_v several_a year_n in_o the_o canary_n island_n that_o if_o a_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n close_o stop_v be_v violent_o roll_v along_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o liquor_n will_v be_v so_o change_v that_o if_o it_o be_v but_o about_o a_o month_n old_a one_o of_o the_o end_n will_v be_v burst_v out_o and_o the_o liquor_n lose_v another_o instance_n in_o which_o the_o texture_n of_o the_o body_n dispose_v it_o to_o be_v so_o powerful_o work_v upon_o we_o have_v in_o glass_n which_o upon_o a_o sudden_a removal_n from_o the_o fire_n into_o cold_a water_n be_v subject_a to_o fly_v in_o piece_n but_o a_o instance_n which_o be_v more_o remarkable_a be_v that_o a_o hot_a plate_n of_o copper_n be_v permit_v to_o cool_v upon_o some_o which_o be_v more_o moderate_o hot_a in_o the_o fire_n and_o thence_o remove_v upon_o a_o plate_n several_a piece_n like_o scale_n will_v fly_v off_o it_o when_o expose_v to_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o bolonian_a stone_n acquire_v such_o a_o admirable_a quality_n by_o calcination_n that_o by_o be_v place_v in_o the_o sunbeam_n for_o some_o time_n it_o get_v such_o a_o degree_n of_o luminousness_n as_o to_o retain_v it_o a_o considerable_a time_n when_o remove_v into_o the_o dark_a chap._n ii_o of_o cosmical_a suspicion_n the_o world_n about_o we_o be_v stock_v with_o such_o a_o variety_n of_o object_n and_o other_o thing_n too_o small_a or_o subtle_a to_o be_v discern_v it_o may_v not_o be_v unuseful_a upon_o some_o account_n to_o propose_v conjecture_n where_o the_o subject_a consider_v admit_v of_o no_o clear_a discovery_n first_o suspicion_n the_o first_o and_o first_o it_o be_v not_o without_o reason_n i_o suspect_v that_o beside_o those_o uniform_a part_n of_o matter_n of_o which_o the_o aether_n by_o some_o philosopher_n be_v think_v to_o consist_v there_o be_v also_o several_a other_o part_n of_o matter_n which_o be_v different_o dispose_v to_o work_v upon_o body_n according_a to_o the_o various_a texture_n of_o those_o body_n they_o chance_v to_o work_v upon_o or_o according_a to_o the_o different_a agent_n they_o chance_v to_o work_v concurrent_o with_o and_o this_o suspicion_n be_v not_o improbable_a since_o the_o inquisitive_a gilbert_n have_v not_o only_o discover_v the_o magnetical_a quality_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o be_v diffuse_v on_o every_o side_n but_o also_o it_o be_v common_o know_v that_o upon_o the_o hunt_n of_o a_o deer_n several_a subtle_a effluvia_fw-la be_v leave_v behind_o in_o the_o air_n which_o we_o shall_v pass_v by_o unobserved_a be_v there_o not_o such_o creature_n as_o bloodhound_n endow_v with_o organ_n fit_v to_o receive_v those_o subtle_a steam_n second_o a_o second_o and_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o several_a person_n shall_v have_v such_o peculiar_a temperament_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o discover_v
of_o pump_v which_o ascend_v very_o swift_o and_o immediate_o disappear_v at_o the_o top_n first_o lift_v up_o the_o surface_n of_o that_o spirituous_a liquor_n so_o as_o to_o form_v a_o thin_a film_n and_o it_o be_v further_o observable_a that_o the_o motion_n of_o these_o bubble_n in_o their_o ascent_n be_v in_o a_o strait_a line_n whereas_o those_o of_o the_o water_n and_o wine_n make_v a_o line_n which_o on_o each_o side_n appear_v like_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o see_v and_o last_o in_o this_o spirit_n we_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o order_n which_o these_o bubble_n ascend_v in_o be_v in_o line_n parallel_v and_o of_o a_o equal_a distance_n from_o each_o other_o the_o bubble_n likewise_o follow_v each_o other_o in_o such_o a_o order_n as_o to_o form_v a_o sort_n of_o bracelet_n one_o end_n of_o which_o seem_v to_o rise_v from_o a_o certain_a point_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o glass_n when_o air_n return_v into_o the_o receiver_n the_o bubble_n on_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n gradual_o subside_v yet_o neither_o that_o nor_o the_o mixture_n of_o water_n and_o spirit_n be_v depress_v below_o the_o mark_n but_o the_o spirit_n of_o wine_n continue_v expanded_a near_o half_a a_o inch_n which_o i_o find_v to_o succeed_v upon_o several_a trial_n experiment_n xxv_o water_n concern_v the_o air_n be_v gravity_n and_o expansion_n under_o water_n have_v fill_v a_o wide-mouthed_a jar_n with_o about_o half_a a_o pint_n of_o common_a water_n we_o sink_v two_o glass-viol_n who_o shape_n and_o size_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o eight_o figure_n one_o of_o which_o contain_v just_a so_o much_o of_o a_o ponderous_n mercurial_a mixture_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o sink_v it_o when_o cover_v with_o white_a wax_n the_o other_o be_v weigh_v down_o by_o water_n and_o the_o mouth_n be_v downward_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o former_a fill_v three_o part_n of_o four_o of_o the_o glass_n the_o air_n contain_v in_o the_o latter_a be_v equal_a in_o dimension_n to_o a_o pea._n these_o be_v let_v down_o into_o the_o receiver_n upon_o ply_v the_o pump_n at_o the_o last_o so_o many_o bubble_n rise_v up_o to_o that_o which_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o be_v able_a by_o expand_v themselves_o to_o cause_v some_o of_o the_o water_n to_o fly_v out_o and_o make_v the_o viol_n emerge_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o jar_n where_o at_o every_o exsuction_n it_o continue_v to_o expand_v till_o it_o be_v able_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o side_n of_o the_o viol_n and_o in_o part_n to_o evacuate_v itself_o upon_o which_o it_o present_o swim_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o before_o and_o eight_o time_n after_o discharge_v a_o bubble_n of_o air_n about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o pea_n but_o when_o we_o permit_v the_o air_n to_o enter_v in_o again_o it_o present_o subside_v to_o the_o bottom_n as_o for_o the_o other_o it_o continue_v at_o the_o bottom_n all_o the_o while_n but_o some_o time_n after_o the_o pump_n be_v ply_v it_o raise_v itself_o considerable_o but_o about_o sixty_o parcel_n of_o air_n as_o big_a as_o pea_n find_v vent_n and_o get_v out_o it_o present_o subside_v though_o upon_o a_o further_a expansion_n of_o the_o air_n it_o rise_v again_o and_o subside_v which_o successive_a ascent_n and_o descent_n it_o continue_v nine_o time_n after_o after_o the_o pump_n cease_v work_v but_o when_o the_o air_n be_v again_o let_v in_o it_o be_v present_o fix_v at_o the_o bottom_n from_o which_o experiment_n that_o hydrostatical_a rule_n that_o a_o body_n will_v swim_v in_o the_o water_n if_o it_o be_v light_a than_o its_o equal_a proportion_n in_o bulk_n will_v appear_v to_o be_v likewise_o true_a when_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n be_v take_v off_o experiment_n xxvi_o pendulum_n concern_v the_o vibration_n of_o a_o pendulum_n it_o be_v usual_o teach_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o pendulum_n be_v something_o quick_a according_o as_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o move_v in_o be_v thin_a we_o suspend_v one_o which_o weigh_v about_o twenty_o drachm_n in_o our_o receiver_n fix_v it_o to_o the_o cover_n by_o a_o piece_n of_o silk_n and_o have_v fix_v another_o of_o a_o equal_a weight_n without_o the_o receiver_n we_o give_v they_o both_o a_o equal_a motion_n and_o observe_v that_o whilst_o the_o latter_a make_v twenty_o vibration_n the_o former_a count_v twenty_o but_o the_o pendulum_n be_v afterward_o put_v into_o motion_n in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n and_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o receiver_n before_o it_o be_v exhaust_v continue_v its_o vibration_n to_o a_o equal_a space_n of_o time_n in_o both_o so_o that_o from_o what_o we_o can_v observe_v the_o difference_n of_o the_o vibration_n in_o air_n and_o that_o more_o rarify_v medium_fw-la viz._n the_o exhaust_a receiver_n be_v scarce_o sensible_a experiment_n xxvii_o sound_n concern_v the_o propagation_n of_o sound_n it_o have_v be_v the_o receive_a opinion_n of_o the_o school_n that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v but_o the_o industrious_a kircher_n have_v observe_v that_o if_o a_o bell_n be_v fix_v in_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o a_o tube_n and_o upon_o make_v the_o experiment_n de_fw-fr vacuo_fw-la be_v leave_v there_o a_o loadstone_n apply_v to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tube_n will_v attract_v the_o steel-clapper_n which_o upon_o a_o removal_n of_o that_o loadstone_n will_v fall_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bell_n and_o cause_v a_o audible_a sound_n he_o thence_o infer_v that_o the_o medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v must_v be_v much_o more_o subtle_a than_o the_o air._n but_o to_o evince_v the_o contrary_a we_o suspend_v a_o watch_n in_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o packthread_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o sound_n be_v not_o only_o audible_a at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o that_o that_o which_o be_v likewise_o perceive_v by_o the_o ear_n hold_v near_o the_o cover_n be_v different_a from_o that_o which_o we_o hear_v at_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o we_o can_v not_o perceive_v the_o least_o sound_n though_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minute_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o pendulum_n continue_v its_o motion_n yet_o upon_o admit_v of_o air_n again_o into_o the_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v again_o renew_v which_o experiment_n seem_v to_o evince_v that_o the_o air_n be_v the_o chief_a medium_fw-la through_o which_o sound_n be_v convey_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o a_o little_a strange_a that_o so_o slight_a a_o stroke_n as_o that_o of_o the_o pendulum_n shall_v give_v such_o a_o impulse_n to_o the_o ambient_fw-la air_n as_o to_o enable_v it_o to_o communicate_v a_o motion_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n strong_a enough_o to_o put_v the_o external_n air_n into_o a_o undulate_a motion_n but_o have_v support_v a_o bell_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o our_o receiver_n by_o a_o large_a stick_n which_o reach_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o the_o diameter_n of_o the_o bell_n be_v about_o two_o inch_n we_o observe_v that_o though_o the_o sound_v in_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o equal_o as_o sharp_a as_o in_o the_o open_a air_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o considerable_a variation_n when_o the_o air_n be_v draw_v out_o which_o evince_n that_o a_o subtle_a medium_fw-la than_o the_o air_n be_v not_o altogether_o incapable_a of_o propagate_a sound_n no_o more_o than_o air_n however_o in_o the_o forego_n experiment_n try_v with_o a_o bell_n suspend_v in_o a_o glass-tube_n it_o may_v not_o without_o reason_n be_v suspect_v that_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v not_o whole_o void_a of_o air_n since_o experience_n inform_v we_o that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o fill_v the_o glass-cylind_a so_o as_o to_o keep_v the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tube_n void_a of_o air_n since_o the_o airy_a part_n lodge_v in_o the_o pore_n of_o the_o mercury_n fly_v up_o into_o it_o and_o further_o on_o this_o occasion_n to_o show_v how_o far_o the_o air_n be_v the_o principal_a medium_fw-la of_o sound_n we_o may_v allege_v that_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o a_o former_a experiment_n that_o though_o upon_o the_o strike_n of_o fire_n with_o the_o lock_n of_o a_o pistol_n in_o our_o receiver_n the_o sound_n be_v audible_a yet_o it_o be_v much_o more_o dead_a than_o when_o make_v in_o the_o open_a air_n and_o the_o like_a variation_n be_v observable_a in_o all_o other_o sound_v make_v in_o our_o receiver_n experiment_n xxviii_o air._n the_o eruption_n of_o bubble_n from_o water_n upon_o the_o removal_n of_o the_o air._n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v in_o the_o xxth_z experiment_n viz._n that_o the_o air_n include_v in_o our_o receiver_n make_v as_o strong_a a_o pressure_n upon_o body_n encompass_v by_o it_o as_o if_o they_o be_v
agent_n in_o animal_n body_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o those_o invisible_a spirit_n which_o move_v through_o the_o nerve_n which_o by_o such_o weighty_a mass_n of_o matter_n as_o the_o body_n of_o some_o animal_n be_v violent_o move_v up_o and_o down_o to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v that_o by_o the_o bare_a insinuation_n of_o moisture_n into_o the_o pore_n of_o a_o rope_n it_o may_v be_v so_o contract_v as_o to_o raise_v above_o sixty_o pound_n weight_n above_o the_o place_n those_o weight_n be_v suspend_v at_o in_o dry_a wether_n and_o though_o metal_n will_v endure_v the_o heat_n of_o a_o red-hot_a crucible_n yet_o may_v they_o easy_o be_v melr_v with_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n if_o the_o heat_n and_o activity_n of_o it_o be_v promote_v by_o a_o blow-pipe_n and_o how_o much_o more_o able_a the_o part_n of_o a_o agent_n be_v to_o operate_v upon_o a_o body_n when_o they_o be_v intimate_o mix_v with_o that_o they_o be_v to_o work_v upon_o than_o superficial_o appear_v from_o tartar_n which_o be_v much_o soon_o calcine_v if_o nitre_n be_v so_o mix_v with_o it_o that_o upon_o deflagration_n the_o flame_n may_v be_v commix_v with_o all_o its_o part_n than_o if_o it_o only_a act_n immediate_o on_o the_o outside_o iron_n the_o effect_n of_o a_o lead-stone_n upon_o filign_v of_o iron_n but_o to_o allege_v instance_n which_o will_v be_v of_o more_o force_n though_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o loadstone_n be_v very_a minute_n and_o the_o body_n of_o iron_n or_o steel_n very_o solid_a yet_o i_o have_v see_v a_o magnet_n who_o effluvia_fw-la be_v so_o powerful_a as_o to_o attract_v and_o sustain_v fifty_o time_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o stone_n itself_o and_o to_o make_v it_o appear_v how_o probable_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o a_o magnet_n may_v change_v the_o texture_n of_o solid_a steel_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n endow_v it_o with_o those_o quality_n which_o iron_n usual_o derive_v from_o it_o i_o place_v file_n of_o steel_n upon_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n hold_v under_o it_o the_o pole_n of_o a_o vigorous_a loadstone_n by_o the_o effluvia_fw-la of_o which_o the_o file_n be_v present_o so_o range_v as_o to_o representseveral_a needle_n or_o pike_n make_v up_o of_o particle_n of_o iron_n stick_v one_o upon_o another_o and_o these_o may_v be_v move_v up_o and_o down_o by_o remove_v the_o loadstone_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o loadstone_n be_v remove_v from_o that_o place_n to_o such_o a_o distance_n that_o it_o be_v subtle_a emanation_n have_v no_o long_o any_o influence_n upon_o the_o powder_n the_o part_n of_o it_o present_o lose_v that_o order_n and_o fall_v into_o a_o confuse_a heap_n as_o before_o that_o loadstone_n be_v apply_v again_o though_o the_o particle_n of_o water_n be_v so_o small_a as_o to_o be_v invisible_a and_o their_o motion_n very_o weak_a yet_o be_v it_o so_o powerful_a that_o upon_o freeze_a the_o expansion_n of_o the_o frigorifick_a part_n be_v strong_a enough_o to_o break_v bottle_n not_o only_o of_o glass_n but_o metal_n and_o the_o expansion_n oftentimes_o be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o exceed_v the_o force_n of_o any_o other_o body_n in_o expanding_n except_o gunpowder_n that_o i_o know_v of_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o propagable_a nature_n of_o motion_n iv_o it_o be_v usual_o not_o sufficient_o take_v notice_n of_o vi_o prop._n vi_o how_o local_a motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o several_a medium_n and_o even_o solid_a body_n it_o be_v usual_o think_v because_o some_o body_n when_o they_o strike_v against_o solid_a one_o common_o fly_v back_o that_o the_o impulse_n of_o that_o body_n be_v not_o able_a to_o put_v the_o other_o into_o motion_n but_o that_o the_o part_n of_o a_o solid_a may_v be_v put_v into_o motion_n and_o that_o that_o motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o such_o consistent_a substance_n be_v evident_a if_o we_o strike_v a_o piece_n of_o timber_n slight_o upon_o one_o end_n for_o by_o that_o mean_n the_o motion_n cause_v by_o that_o impression_n will_v be_v carry_v on_o to_o the_o other_o and_o i_o have_v by_o experience_n find_v that_o have_v draw_v the_o point_n of_o a_o pin_n upon_o the_o brim_n of_o a_o hemispherical_a vessel_n which_o be_v make_v of_o bell-metal_n which_o be_v much_o hard_a than_o steel_n i_o find_v it_o from_o a_o very_a slight_a impression_n to_o produce_v such_o a_o last_a sound_n as_o be_v a_o argument_n that_o the_o part_n of_o the_o metal_n be_v not_o only_o put_v into_o such_o a_o vibrate_v motion_n as_o to_o communicate_v it_o to_o the_o air_n but_o to_o continue_v it_o successive_o round_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n till_o the_o sound_v cease_v and_o the_o like_a propagation_n of_o sound_n i_o find_v to_o succeed_v though_o the_o point_n of_o a_o pin_n be_v but_o strike_v upon_o that_o vessel_n which_o be_v seven_o inch_n in_o diameter_n and_o indeed_o the_o propagable_a motion_n of_o solid_n when_o they_o be_v act_v on_o by_o fluids_n be_v not_o less_o remarkable_a since_o the_o part_n of_o a_o bar_n of_o iron_n or_o glass_n may_v be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o motion_n by_o heat_n as_o to_o have_v it_o continue_v to_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o fire_n first_o work_v upon_o they_o though_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o be_v propagate_v much_o further_a in_o the_o former_a of_o the_o two_o which_o show_v how_o much_o the_o texture_n of_o body_n dispose_v they_o to_o be_v different_o work_v upon_o by_o the_o same_o agent_n and_o how_o much_o a_o convenient_a texture_n dispose_v they_o to_o be_v work_v upon_o at_o all_o and_o it_o may_v be_v further_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o sign_n of_o the_o firm_a connection_n of_o a_o house_n that_o upon_o the_o clap_v of_o a_o door_n the_o whole_a shake_n and_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o argument_n of_o the_o communicableness_n of_o motion_n whether_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o mutual_a contact_n of_o the_o door_n and_o the_o post_n it_o shut_v against_o or_o upon_o the_o impression_n make_v upon_o the_o include_v air_n by_o the_o door_n for_o the_o former_a show_n how_o a_o solid_a may_v propagate_v motion_n among_o solid_n and_o the_o latter_a how_o it_o may_v give_v motion_n to_o a_o fluid_a and_o vice_n versâ_fw-la but_o further_a it_o be_v assert_v by_o seneca_n that_o upon_o the_o explosion_n of_o those_o subterraneali_n exhalation_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o earthquake_n the_o tremulous_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v continue_v above_o two_o hundred_o mile_n and_o josephus_n acosta_n witness_v that_o it_o have_v be_v continue_v for_o three_o hundred_o league_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o peru_n and_o learned_a writer_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o our_o age_n 1601_o witness_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v so_o violent_a as_o to_o shake_v most_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v propagate_v through_o most_o part_n of_o asia_n hungary_n germany_n italy_n and_o france_n and_o i_o have_v frequent_o observe_v that_o the_o house_n i_o have_v be_v in_o have_v sensible_o shake_v by_o the_o tremulous_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n it_o stand_v upon_o propagate_v from_o some_o coach_n or_o cart_n which_o move_v at_o some_o distance_n upon_o the_o ground_n and_o some_o observe_a scout_n say_v that_o by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n they_o can_v discover_v the_o approach_n of_o a_o troop_n of_o horse_n at_o a_o good_a distance_n and_o to_o conclude_v this_o member_n of_o our_o discourse_n if_o such_o disproportionate_a cause_n can_v produce_v such_o effect_n in_o inorganical_a body_n well_o may_v they_o in_o those_o that_o be_v organical_a where_o there_o be_v only_o want_v a_o small_a cause_n to_o call_v in_o the_o assistance_n and_o to_o determine_v the_o cooperation_n of_o other_o as_o the_o tickle_v of_o a_o feather_n in_o the_o nose_n by_o determine_v the_o tendency_n of_o the_o spirit_n cause_n sneeze_v and_o i_o remember_v be_v once_o hold_v with_o such_o a_o distemper_n as_o deprive_v i_o of_o the_o use_n of_o my_o hand_n if_o in_o the_o summer_n a_o hair_n be_v but_o blow_v upon_o my_o face_n and_o continue_v there_o long_o it_o will_v put_v i_o into_o convulsion_n and_o cause_n i_o to_o faint_v medium_n motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o different_a medium_n but_o to_o determine_v another_o member_n of_o this_o proposition_n viz._n whether_o motion_n may_v be_v propagate_v through_o several_a medium_n or_o terminate_v at_o the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o the_o medium_fw-la it_o be_v begin_v in_o i_o shall_v offer_v the_o follow_a experiment_n viz._n i_o cause_v a_o glass-receiver_n to_o be_v blow_v with_o a_o button_n upon_o that_o part_n of_o the_o internal_a superficies_n which_o be_v uppermost_a and_o suspend_v a_o watch_n by_o a_o chain_n which_o be_v fix_v to_o a_o soft_a body_n fasten_v upon_o
receiver_n upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o air_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o viol_n be_v so_o far_o expanded_a that_o though_o the_o viol_n be_v able_a to_o contain_v above_o five_o drachm_n of_o water_n if_o fill_v and_o distend_v the_o empty_a bladder_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v five_o ounce_n and_o half_a a_o drachm_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n possess_v nine_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o it_o do_v before_o expansion_n but_o to_o measure_v the_o air_n be_v expansion_n more_o nice_o we_o fix_v a_o glass_n bubble_n to_o one_o end_n of_o a_o cylindrical_a pipe_n hermetical_o seal_v the_o diameter_n of_o who_o boar_n be_v about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o inch_n and_o have_v past_v a_o piece_n of_o parchment_n upon_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o six_o equal_a part_n and_o mark_v with_o black_a line_n we_o fill_v the_o cylinder_n almost_o full_a of_o water_n so_o that_o after_o a_o few_o trial_n by_o invert_v the_o cylinder_n and_o stop_v the_o open_a end_n with_o one_o finger_n we_o can_v perceive_v that_o as_o much_o air_n may_v be_v permit_v to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o bubble_n as_o be_v equal_a in_o extension_n to_o the_o breadth_n of_o one_o of_o those_o twenty_o six_o division_n when_o this_o be_v do_v we_o fit_v the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o cylinder_n to_o a_o glass_n viol._n which_o be_v fill_v with_o water_n to_o the_o height_n of_o half_a a_o inch_n all_o which_o be_v put_v together_o into_o a_o pneumatical_a receiver_n after_o a_o few_o exsuction_n the_o include_v air_n be_v so_o much_o expanded_a as_o to_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o which_o experiment_n the_o expanded_a air_n take_v up_o thirty_o one_o time_n as_o much_o space_n as_o before_o and_o this_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o cylinder_n which_o afford_v a_o large_a space_n for_o the_o air_n be_v expansion_n it_o take_v up_o above_o sixty_o time_n the_o space_n it_o do_v before_o and_o repeat_v the_o like_a experiment_n with_o a_o glass_n pipe_n thirty_o inch_n long_o part_n of_o it_o have_v a_o hole_n in_o the_o cover_n to_o stand_v out_o through_o by_o weigh_v the_o water_n in_o a_o nice_a pair_n of_o scale_n together_o with_o the_o pipe_n first_o with_o the_o bubble_n of_o air_n include_v and_o after_o when_o the_o tube_n be_v whole_o fill_v with_o water_n we_o find_v that_o the_o air_n which_o possess_v but_o the_o space_n of_o one_o grain_n of_o water_n have_v be_v expanded_a in_o the_o exhaust_a receiver_n so_o much_o by_o its_o own_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o to_o take_v up_o 152_o time_n its_o space_n before_o extension_n and_o since_o marcennus_n affirm_v that_o the_o air_n may_v be_v so_o expanded_a by_o heat_n as_o to_o take_v up_o seventy_o time_n its_o space_n i_o convey_v a_o cylinder_n of_o the_o former_a magnitude_n into_o the_o receiver_n and_o find_v that_o upon_o the_o exsuction_n of_o the_o air_n in_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o cylinder_n descend_v down_o almost_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o it_o the_o low_a surface_n of_o it_o be_v very_o convex_v and_o seem_v several_a time_n to_o knock_v upon_o and_o rebound_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o the_o expansive_a force_n of_o the_o air_n since_o the_o water_n it_o depress_v upon_o the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o air_n be_v much_o below_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n contain_v in_o the_o viol._n experiment_n vii_o what_o figure_n best_o resist_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o air_n have_v get_v a_o thin_a glass_n bubble_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o five_o ounce_n of_o water_n to_o which_o be_v fix_v a_o slender_a neck_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o swan_n quill_n we_o moderate_o exhaust_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n and_o then_o take_v it_o out_o of_o the_o pump_n we_o join_v the_o neck_n of_o the_o bubble_n to_o the_o low_a orifice_n of_o the_o receiver_n stop_v the_o cranny_n with_o melt_a plaster_n to_o prevent_v the_o ingress_n of_o the_o air_n and_o though_o the_o glass_n be_v as_o thin_a as_o paper_n yet_o upon_o turn_v the_o key_n of_o the_o stop-cock_n and_o give_v the_o air_n include_v in_o the_o bubble_n liberty_n to_o expand_v the_o bubble_n sustain_v the_o pressure_n of_o the_o whole_a atmosphere_n without_o be_v break_v experiment_n viii_o illustrate_v the_o former_a experiment_n illustrate_v we_o take_v a_o glass_n alembick_a which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o hold_v about_o three_o pint_n represent_v by_o the_o seven_o figure_n the_o rostrum_n e_o be_v hermetical_o close_v in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rostrum_n be_v a_o hole_n into_o which_o one_o of_o the_o shank_n of_o a_o stop-cock_n of_o a_o ordinary_a size_n be_v cement_v the_o other_o be_v fix_v with_o cement_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o pump_n which_o be_v do_v and_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o alembick_a be_v cover_v close_o with_o a_o plate_n of_o lead_n exact_o adapt_v to_o it_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o receiver_n the_o glass_n present_o crack_v which_o crack_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o line_n a_o b_o and_o this_o flaw_n extend_v itself_o further_o according_o as_o the_o air_n be_v more_o exhaust_v yet_o this_o glass_n vessel_n be_v near_o twenty_o time_n thick_a than_o the_o bubble_n and_o that_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o former_a glass_n enable_v it_o so_o much_o better_a to_o sustain_v the_o atmosphere_n be_v further_o confirm_v by_o suspend_v one_o of_o the_o bubble_n hermetical_o seal_v in_o the_o receiver_n which_o so_o strong_o resist_v the_o expansion_n of_o the_o air_n contain_v in_o it_o as_o to_o continue_v whole_a when_o the_o receiver_n be_v exhaust_v experiment_n ix_o a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n a_o experiment_n to_o show_v that_o these_o phaenomena_n exhibit_v in_o vacuo_fw-la boyliano_fw-mi proceed_v not_o from_o a_o fuga_fw-la vacui_fw-la etc._n etc._n etc._n a_o confirmation_n of_o the_o former_a experiment_n etc._n etc._n have_v put_v the_o end_n of_o a_o slender_a glass_n pipe_n into_o a_o viol_n which_o be_v large_a enough_o to_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o water_n and_o fix_v it_o to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o viol_n with_o a_o cement_n of_o rosin_n and_o pitch_n so_o that_o the_o end_n of_o the_o pipe_n almost_o touch_v the_o bottom_n of_o the_o viol_n as_o in_o fig._n 6_o this_o viol_n be_v convey_v into_o a_o small_a receiver_n as_o much_o water_n be_v put_v into_o it_o as_o wrought_v a_o little_a above_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o cylinder_n the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o pipe_n be_v most_o of_o it_o without_o the_o vessel_n a_o hole_n have_v be_v purposely_o make_v for_o it_o in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n the_o event_n of_o which_o trial_n be_v that_o upon_o draw_v the_o air_n out_o of_o the_o pump_n the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n internal_o press_v into_o the_o pipe_n and_o the_o spring_n of_o the_o air_n within_o the_o receiver_n not_o equal_o press_v against_o the_o side_n of_o the_o bottle_n which_o be_v expose_v to_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o bottle_n burst_v out_o of_o the_o side_n of_o it_o with_o such_o a_o force_n as_o to_o crack_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n and_o have_v reiterated_a the_o experiment_n with_o a_o round_a glass_n bubble_n the_o leaden_a cover_n of_o the_o receiver_n be_v not_o only_o depress_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o atmosphere_n so_o as_o to_o thrust_v out_o one_o side_n of_o the_o receiver_n but_o the_o glass_n bubble_n be_v crack_v into_o piece_n with_o such_o violence_n as_o to_o tear_v a_o bladder_n which_o it_o be_v encompass_v with_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o break_v the_o receiver_n in_o several_a place_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o next_o experiment_n it_o may_v be_v requisite_a to_o advertise_v that_o though_o the_o large_a receiver_n be_v apt_a upon_o some_o trial_n to_o crack_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o render_v altogether_o useless_a since_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v the_o ambient_fw-la atmosphere_n compress_n the_o lip_n of_o the_o glass_n close_o together_o but_o if_o the_o crack_v be_v considerable_a it_o may_v be_v cement_v with_o a_o plaster_n make_v of_o quicklime_n and_o scrape_n of_o cheese_n ground_n together_o very_o fine_o in_o a_o mortar_n and_o make_v into_o a_o paste_n with_o a_o little_a water_n which_o be_v spread_v upon_o a_o cloth_n about_o three_o inch_n broad_a must_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o crack_n experiment_n x._o receiver_n of_o the_o flame_n of_o a_o candle_n in_o a_o receiver_n have_v suspend_v a_o tallow_n candle_n in_o our_o receiver_n we_o find_v that_o upon_o a_o exsuction_n of_o
whole_o free_v from_o air_n there_o be_v neither_o any_o ebullition_n nor_o a_o appearance_n of_o bubble_n yet_o the_o drop_n of_o oil_n move_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o open_a air._n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o part_n of_o oil_n depend_v not_o in_o a_o dissolution_n in_o vacuo_fw-la since_o all_o dissolution_n be_v company_v with_o a_o production_n of_o bubble_n experiment_n viii_o may_v 19_o 76._o claret_n radish_n in_o a_o receiver_n with_o claret_n have_v cut_v two_o radish_n transvers_o and_o suspend_v they_o all_o night_n in_o vacuo_fw-la over_o a_o vessel_n of_o claret_n the_o small_a end_n of_o one_o be_v downward_o and_o the_o other_o in_o a_o contrary_a posture_n all_o be_v free_v of_o their_o air_n the_o next_o day_n i_o free_v two_o other_o radish_n from_o their_o thick_a skin_n and_o cut_v they_o transvers_o suspend_v they_o over_o the_o wine_n as_o the_o other_o in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o immerse_v they_o all_o in_o the_o wine_n they_o emit_v bubble_n considerable_o especial_o those_o that_o have_v be_v long_a in_o the_o receiver_n from_o this_o experiment_n we_o may_v urge_v that_o bubble_n be_v form_v of_o particle_n of_o air_n contain_v in_o water_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o those_o radish_n yield_v most_o air_n who_o skin_n be_v not_o pull_v off_o be_v because_o those_o skin_n be_v full_a of_o canal_n and_o pore_n to_o contain_v air_n in_o for_o the_o form_n of_o bubble_n the_o liquor_n ascend_v equal_o in_o all_o the_o radish_n notwithstanding_o their_o posture_n experiment_n ix_o may._n 4._o water_n a_o small_a tube_n immerse_v in_o water_n a_o small_a glass_n tube_n open_a at_o both_o end_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n the_o water_n in_o vacuo_fw-la ascend_v as_o high_a as_o it_o usual_o do_v in_o common_a air_n but_o in_o a_o little_a time_n it_o be_v raise_v high_a by_o bubble_n of_o water_n which_o divide_v and_o intercept_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n in_o 3_o several_a place_n beside_o several_a bubble_n of_o water_n pass_v out_o at_o that_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n which_o be_v immerse_v one_o end_v of_o this_o tube_n be_v hermetical_o seal_v up_o the_o experiment_n succeed_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o when_o it_o be_v open_a but_o in_o the_o open_a air_n the_o water_n ascend_v not_o one_o thing_n in_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o remarkable_a viz._n that_o the_o water_n suspend_v in_o the_o tube_n yield_v no_o bubble_n but_o only_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o tube_n nor_o do_v the_o cylinder_n of_o water_n even_o at_o the_o bottom_n yield_v bubble_n when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n which_o it_o be_v before_o immerse_v in_o may._n 5._o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v but_o before_o the_o end_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n a_o drop_n which_o run_v over_o the_o superior_a aperture_n of_o the_o receiver_n fall_v down_o to_o the_o open_a end_n of_o the_o tube_n and_o be_v raise_v two_o line_n in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o pipe_n no_o bubble_n be_v form_v in_o half_a a_o hour_n till_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v in_o water_n and_o then_o successive_o they_o rise_v one_o after_o another_o in_o try_v this_o experiment_n several_a time_n i_o observe_v that_o thou_o whilst_o the_o tube_n be_v immerse_v several_a bubble_n appear_v about_o the_o end_n of_o it_o yet_o when_o it_o be_v raise_v above_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n none_o be_v to_o be_v see_v may_v 6._o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v with_o a_o infusion_n of_o nephritick_n wood_n in_o which_o the_o success_n be_v alike_o except_o that_o in_o the_o infusion_n when_o the_o bubble_n be_v small_a they_o ascend_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o liquor_n which_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o its_o thinness_n and_o that_o it_o have_v no_o viscocity_n may_v 10._o i_o repeat_v the_o same_o experiment_n with_o a_o mixture_n of_o spirit_n of_o wine_n and_o a_o oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la in_o which_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v different_a from_o the_o former_a but_o that_o the_o liquor_n ascend_v not_o so_o high_a from_o these_o experiment_n it_o may_v probable_o be_v infer_v that_o the_o formation_n of_o bubble_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tube_n depend_v on_o aerial_a particle_n which_o swim_v in_o the_o water_n and_o meet_v with_o some_o impediment_n at_o their_o end_n be_v keep_v there_o till_o new_a one_o join_v with_o they_o form_n bubble_n experiment_n x._o july_n 18._o 76._o tube_n bean_n with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n bean_n such_o as_o horse_n eat_v be_v shut_v up_o with_o water_n in_o a_o iron_n tube_n 2_o day_n ago_o to_o day_n seem_v unaltered_a but_o the_o stopple_n of_o the_o tube_n be_v pull_v back_o air_n and_o water_n break_v out_o which_o eruption_n be_v succeed_v by_o a_o bubble_a noise_n which_o continue_v above_o a_o hour_n july_n 25._o the_o iron_n tube_n be_v open_v a_o second_o time_n and_o a_o bubble_a noise_n succeed_v as_o before_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o bean_n contain_v air_n which_o can_v discharge_v itself_o in_o a_o compression_n till_o that_o compression_n be_v remove_v experiment_n xi_o march_n 4._o 77._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a and_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la with_o file_n of_o copper_n in_o it_o in_o 15_o minute_n it_o be_v tinge_v with_o a_o diluted_a blue_n which_o upon_o a_o ingress_n of_o air_n in_o 3_o minute_n become_v vivid_v and_o thick_a april_n 4._o the_o liquor_n have_v be_v enclose_v in_o vacuo_fw-la have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n which_o it_o regain_v when_o the_o air_n be_v let_v in_o again_o experiment_n xii_o may_v 8._o wine_n oil_n per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n oil_n make_v per_fw-la deliquium_fw-la be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n with_o spirit_n of_o wine_n swim_v upon_o it_o when_o the_o air_n begin_v to_o be_v exhaust_v great_a bubble_n rise_v from_o the_o spirit_n and_o small_a one_o from_o the_o oil_n but_o in_o a_o hour_n the_o oil_n afford_v bubble_n large_a enough_o to_o fill_v the_o whole_a diameter_n of_o the_o pipe_n in_o their_o ascent_n and_o a_o hour_n after_o that_o they_o break_v out_o so_o violent_o as_o to_o strike_v against_o the_o top_n of_o the_o receiver_n may_v 9_o the_o experiment_n be_v repeat_v in_o a_o vessel_n which_o be_v long_a and_o narrow_a i_o observe_v that_o the_o bubble_n which_o rise_v from_o the_o oil_n be_v not_o very_o large_a till_o ¼_n of_o a_o inch_n above_o the_o surface_n of_o it_o and_o then_o they_o be_v sudden_o expanded_a experiment_n xiii_o may_v 3._o 76._o wine_n aq._n fort._n and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n a_o mixture_n of_o aqua_fw-la fortis_fw-la and_o spirit_n of_o wine_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o each_o of_o those_o include_v in_o a_o distinct_a vessel_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o iron_n one_o of_o they_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la upon_o which_o several_a considerable_a ebullition_n succeed_v the_o liquor_n when_o take_v out_o be_v black_a and_o turbid_v though_o in_o the_o other_o two_o it_o be_v not_o alter_v in_o colour_n but_o only_o a_o black_a powder_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o bottom_n wherefore_o one_o of_o those_o be_v include_v in_o vacuo_fw-la after_o ebullition_n less_o violent_a than_o those_o in_o the_o vessel_n first_o include_v the_o liquor_n in_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n time_n be_v take_v out_o be_v almost_o as_o black_a and_o turbid_v as_o that_o first_o put_v into_o the_o receiver_n that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n be_v not_o much_o alter_v may_v 4._o the_o liquor_n shut_v up_o in_o the_o receiver_n appear_v clear_a and_o green_a but_o that_o in_o the_o open_a air_n bubble_v more_o than_o the_o day_n before_o and_o be_v of_o a_o red_a colour_n and_o all_o three_o be_v shut_v up_o in_o vacuo_fw-la the_o red_a liquor_n afford_v large_a bubble_n hence_o it_o appear_v that_o spirit_n of_o wine_n promote_v ebullition_n in_o vacuo_fw-la experiment_n fourteen_o jan._n 21._o 78._o copper_n spirit_n of_o sal_fw-la ammoniac_a with_o file_n of_o copper_n a_o glass_n half_n full_a of_o spir._n sal_fw-la armon_n with_o file_n of_o copper_n stop_v with_o a_o leather_n stopple_n be_v put_v into_o a_o receiver_n with_o unfermented_a paste_n jan._n 22._o the_o air_n yield_v by_o the_o paste_n penetrate_v the_o leather_n which_o be_v impervious_a to_o common_a air_n which_o appear_v by_o the_o tincture_n it_o give_v the_o liquor_n jan._n 25._o the_o liquor_n have_v almost_o lose_v its_o colour_n so_o that_o the_o particle_n of_o artificial_a air_n be_v so_o minute_n as_o to_o penetrate_v pore_n which_o common_a air_n can_v feb._n 2._o the_o glass_n be_v shut_v up_o in_o a_o receiver_n which_o admit_v air_n so_o
and_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o iron-instrument_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o cold_a into_o a_o warm_a room_n have_v be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a hoar_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o confirm_v by_o foreign_a artist_n but_o several_a here_o that_o cold_a have_v so_o great_a a_o effect_n on_o steel_n as_o to_o make_v several_a piece_n of_o metal_n more_o brittle_a than_o in_o the_o summer_n so_o that_o they_o be_v then_o force_v to_o work_v they_o another_o way_n and_o to_o give_v they_o a_o different_a temper_n cold._n hot_a water_n do_v not_o froze_v soon_o than_o cold._n it_o be_v a_o tradition_n and_o also_o teach_v by_o aristotle_n that_o hot_a water_n be_v soon_o freeze_v than_o cold_a to_o determine_v the_o matter_n i_o make_v the_o follow_a experiment_n cold_a water_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v in_o one_o porringer_n boil_a water_n cool_v in_o another_o and_o hot_a water_n in_o a_o three_o at_z 8_o a_o clock_z the_o cold_a water_n begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o ten_o the_o boil_a water_n cool_v at_o ¾_n past_o ten_o and_o the_o hot_a water_n at_o ¼_n a_o hour_n past_o eleven_o and_o the_o like_a success_n happen_v when_o the_o experiment_n be_v try_v a_o second_o time_n in_o metalline_a vessel_n and_o the_o experiment_n be_v again_o try_v with_o great_a exactness_n the_o cold_a water_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v at_o ¼_n after_o 6_o the_o first_o beganto_n freeze_v ¼_n after_o 7_o the_o water_n heat_v and_o cool_v again_o ¾_n after_o 7_o and_o the_o hot_a water_n be_v not_o freeze_v ½_n a_o hour_n after_o eight_o the_o like_a experiment_n be_v try_v with_o water_n contain_v in_o glass-cylinders_a of_o a_o equal_a boar_n seal_v at_o one_o end_n we_o find_v that_o there_o be_v very_o little_a difference_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o congelation_n when_o immerse_v in_o a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n salt_n and_o water_n but_o once_o when_o the_o end_n of_o one_o of_o the_o cylinder_n be_v draw_v small_a than_o ordinary_a the_o smallness_n of_o the_o pipe_n occasion_v the_o hot_a water_n to_o begin_v to_o freeze_v soon_o than_o the_o cold_a water_n postcript_n accidental_o look_v upon_o the_o circulus_fw-la pisanus_n of_o berigardus_n i_o find_v that_o though_o that_o author_n oppose_v aristotle_n in_o other_o point_n yet_o he_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o hot_a water_n cool_v will_v soon_o freeze_v than_o ordinary_a cold_a water_n but_o have_v try_v the_o experiment_n i_o observe_v that_o both_o be_v expose_v to_o freeze_v when_o by_o a_o weatherglass_n i_o find_v they_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n my_o domestic_a who_o attend_v they_o take_v notice_n also_o that_o they_o both_o begin_v to_o freeze_v at_o one_o time_n and_o though_o berigardus_n further_o wonder_n that_o warm_a salt-water_n shall_v be_v less_o subject_a to_o freeze_v for_o be_v salt_n yet_o from_o experiment_n already_o lay_v down_o it_o abundant_o appear_v that_o though_o salt_n external_o apply_v promote_v it_o yet_o internal_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o prevent_v congelation_n particular_n referrable_a to_o several_a title_n for_o a_o further_a confirmation_n of_o the_o vi_o title_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o purchas_n relate_v lib._n 4._o cap._n 19_o that_o the_o samojed_n when_o they_o bury_v their_o dead_a only_o cover_v they_o with_o a_o pile_n of_o stone_n and_o though_o the_o dead_a body_n may_v be_v see_v through_o they_o yet_o the_o coldness_n of_o the_o air_n preserve_v they_o from_o stink_a and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o a_o certain_a island_n they_o preserve_v their_o fish_n and_o flesh_n by_o harden_v it_o in_o the_o air_n better_a than_o if_o it_o be_v corn_v with_o salt_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o have_v be_v deliver_v under_o the_o vii_o title_n i_o expose_v several_a vial_n fill_v with_o water_n and_o unstopped_a to_o be_v freeze_v and_o find_v that_o the_o bottle_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o expansion_n of_o the_o freeze_a water_n so_o that_o the_o phaenomenon_n can_v not_o be_v attribute_v to_o nature_n abhorrency_n of_o a_o vacuum_n for_o if_o either_o the_o expand_v water_n can_v have_v make_v its_o way_n by_o stretch_v the_o glass_n or_o leave_v the_o superficial_a ice_n congeal_v at_o first_o in_o the_o neck_n or_o any_o other_o way_n easy_o than_o to_o break_v the_o vessel_n the_o vessel_n will_v probable_o be_v leave_v entire_a i_o say_v probable_o because_o sometime_o in_o such_o experiment_n something_o may_v intervene_v which_o require_v further_a trial_n and_o observation_n to_o discover_v since_o i_o have_v in_o other_o experiment_n make_v it_o appear_v that_o the_o water_n beginning_n to_o freeze_v at_o the_o bottom_n rise_v a_o considerable_a height_n in_o the_o stem_n without_o break_v the_o bottle_n and_o i_o have_v sometime_o have_v a_o good_a deal_n of_o a_o liquor_n freeze_v in_o a_o stop_a vial_n without_o break_v it_o as_o if_o the_o success_n be_v vary_a by_o some_o uncommon_a property_n in_o the_o glass_n or_o some_o peculiar_a softness_n of_o the_o ice_n in_o confirmation_n of_o what_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o vii_o title_n of_o the_o expansion_n of_o freeze_a water_n i_o shall_v add_v that_o the_o capacity_n of_o a_o large_a bottle_n be_v fill_v with_o water_n except_o the_o neck_n and_o that_o fill_v with_o oil_n the_o expand_a water_n not_o only_o elevate_v the_o cork_n but_o raise_v it_o several_a inch_n it_o be_v support_v by_o a_o cylinder_n partly_o consist_v of_o oily_a and_o partly_o of_o watery_a particle_n of_o ice_n it_o be_v a_o general_n tradition_n among_o fisherman_n that_o when_o pond_n or_o river_n be_v freeze_v up_o except_o several_a hole_n be_v break_v up_o for_o the_o air_n to_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n the_o fish_n will_v be_v suffocate_v and_o olaus_n magnus_n tell_v we_o that_o fish_n be_v usual_o find_v suffocate_v when_o a_o thaw_n come_v where_o vein_n of_o live_a water_n do_v not_o enter_v but_o i_o be_o not_o satisfy_v whether_o if_o the_o tradition_n be_v true_a they_o may_v not_o be_v kill_v either_o by_o some_o subterraneal_a steam_n or_o their_o own_o excrementitious_a effluvia_fw-la prevent_v by_o the_o ice_n from_o make_v their_o way_n out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o it_o may_v be_v question_v further_o whether_o this_o phaenomenon_n may_v not_o be_v cause_v by_o excessive_a cold_a as_o well_o as_o for_o want_v of_o air._n wherefore_o to_o satisfy_v myself_o whether_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n be_v true_a or_o not_o i_o enclose_v some_o gudgeon_n in_o a_o large_a glass_n with_o a_o long_a neck_n and_o have_v freeze_v the_o water_n in_o the_o neck_n by_o apply_v a_o mixture_n of_o snow_n and_o salt_n i_o find_v that_o the_o fish_n live_v a_o considerable_a time_n and_o the_o like_a i_o observe_v when_o the_o same_o fish_n be_v contain_v in_o a_o earthen_a vessel_n with_o a_o little_a water_n freeze_v over_o where_o the_o external_n air_n be_v whole_o separate_v and_o prevent_v from_o communicate_v with_o the_o water_n under_o the_o ice_n yet_o one_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o large_a bubble_n of_o air_n under_o the_o ice_n which_o i_o suppose_v come_v from_o the_o fish_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v not_o only_o these_o sort_n of_o fish_n but_o lamprel_n take_v in_o air_n and_o then_o be_v immerse_v under_o water_n emit_fw-la bubble_n both_o at_o their_o mouth_n and_o gills_o gudgeon_n freeze_v up_o in_o ice_n in_o a_o basin_n recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v but_o some_o that_o continue_v 3_o day_n in_o ice_n revive_v not_o frog_n freeze_v in_o water_n till_o they_o be_v all_o enclose_v with_o ice_n and_o till_o one_o of_o they_o be_v stiff_a with_o it_o recover_v when_o it_o be_v thaw_v and_o swim_v about_o though_o before_o some_o of_o they_o lay_v with_o their_o bell_n upward_o and_o void_a of_o motion_n as_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o body_n freeze_v capt._n james_n tell_v we_o that_o wood_n that_o have_v lie_v all_o winter_n under_o ice_n will_v sink_v when_o 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and_o melt_v sulphur_n be_v harden_v in_o the_o same_o mould_v the_o concrete_v mass_n seem_v when_o break_v to_o consist_v of_o flake_n like_o straw_n lie_a parallel_n to_o each_o other_o but_o how_o the_o flake_n of_o tin-glass_n come_v to_o be_v so_o regular_o situate_v and_o whether_o the_o outside_n be_v first_o condense_v the_o contiguous_a liquor_n be_v connect_v by_o apposition_n successive_o as_o it_o move_v within_o the_o crust_v surface_n or_o whether_o it_o be_v otherwise_o effect_v i_o shall_v not_o now_o stay_v to_o examine_v but_o to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v i_o shall_v add_v that_o have_v break_v several_a marchasite_n of_o a_o peculiar_a sort_n i_o find_v they_o to_o consist_v of_o several_a row_n of_o planes_n reach_v from_o the_o inermost_a part_n to_o the_o external_n surface_n and_o in_o those_o which_o be_v somewhat_o cylindrical_o shape_v on_o the_o outside_n these_o rank_n of_o gold_n colour_a particle_n in_o the_o several_a plane_n of_o the_o break_a mineral_n 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