thereof the settling a Staple building of Store-houses the viewing the ground on shore for landing and drying of Nets making and drying of Fish and the building of Block-houses for the security of Trade The manner of the Hollanders fishing for Herring with Busses and other Vessels for Ling and Cod according to the Journal kept thereof is as followeth We set sail from Gravesend the 27th of April 1633 and having Letters from the Earl of Pembroke to Mr. William Dicks of Edinbourg in Scotland we directed our course towards Scotland but by reason of soul weather weâ—e forced into Harwich and set sail from thence the 30 th Ditto the wind not favouring us we came to an Anchor in Yarmouth Road and there going on shore were informed that the Hollanders Busses did drive at Sea for Herrings on that Coast and that from the Holms before Yarmouth to Bookness in Scotland North North-East is 96 Leagues and from Bookness to the South end of Shotland North and by East about 53 Leagues The fifth of May we set sail from Yarmouth and by stress of wind were forced into Scarbrouh and there going on shore were informed of the Hollanders Busses fishing on that Coast and that from Searbrough Northwards towards Catness in 45 Fathom or thereabouts in that fair way is usually the first Summer Herrings caught From Scarbrough we set sail and came to an Anchor before Leith in Scotland the 13 th Ditto where going on shore and from thence to Edinburg delivered my Letters to Mr. William Dicks who was at that time Governor of the Island of Shotland and did receive the Revenue of those Islands Having received my Instructions and Letters from Mr. William Dicks directed to Mr. James Scot who lived at that time in the North parts of the Islands of Shotland and was Agent or Deputy to the said William Dicks We set sail from Leith and came to an Anchor at Casten in the Islands of Orkney the 22 Ditto And because these Islands are very considerable as to the Fishing Trade I cannot pass them by without a brief description thereof which is as followeth The Islands of Orkney are 31 and lye from the North and North-East Point of Scotland the first and Southermost Island is called Elhey but the greatest and chiefest Island of Orkney is called Maland which lieth Southermost from the Point of Catness on the North side of this great Island are the Havens where the Ships come to that Trade in those parts and to the Island called Lewis and the Islands therebouts The Lewis Islands are the Islands on the West of Scotland and those Seas being also very considerable as to the Fishing-Trade I make bold to give account thereof as followeth These Islands lying Westward from Scotland and to the Northward of Ireland are in number 34. There are four great Islands that lie near the main Land but the greatest and chiefest Island is called Lewis which lyeth Northward from the foresaid Islands but the Northermost of all the Islands which lyeth towards the Orkanes about sixteen Leagues from Lewis is called Rona betwixt Rona and Orkney lye some small Islands The Island Lewis lyeth from Shotland south-South-West or more Westerly about 58 Leagues and from the South end of Lewis to the north-North-West of Ireland is 27 Leagues In and between these Islands are many very good Sounds and Havens for Ships Lewis with the Islands belonging to it ly South and by-By-West and South South-West about 29 Leagues I shall farther add to my boldness and give you an account of the Islands of Fero. These Islands lye Northward from the Lewis Islands about 54 Leagues and from Shotland Westerly about 58 Leagues and are in number 22. The Sounds and Havens are many The Southermost great Island is called Sugdro on the North side of this Island are several good Sounds and Havens but the best and chiefest of all the Havens and where all the Trade and Merchandise is is called Tor-Haven which lyeth on the great Island Strone But these Islands being out of my Road I shall return to my former Discourse on the Coast of Orkney and Shotland The South part of Shotland lyeth about 20 Leagues Northward from the Island called Maland but between the Islands of Orkney and Shotland lye two Islands the one called Fair-hill and the other called Fulo these two Islands lye about 10 Leagues one from the other Fulo lyeth North-North-East from Fair-hill The Island Fair-hill lyeth from the North-East point of Orkney about 9 Leagues and the Southermost point of Shotland lyeth from Fair-hill North and By-East about 8 Leagues and from Fulo East and By-South about four Leagues Being informed of the manner of the Hollanders fishing for Herring Ling and Cod with Busses and Dogger-boats in those Seas and the Inhabitants of the Islands manner and way of Fishing we set sail from Casten and came to an Anchor by Sunbroug-head being the South part of Shotland the third of June and going ashore spake with the Good-man of Quandale one of the chief of those parts the said Gentleman with other of the Inhabitants did inform me of their manner of Trading with the Hamburgers and others and of the Hollanders fishing for Herring on that Coast also of their Dogger-boats that fish only for Ling and Cod. After I had received information from the Inhabitants of the several Islands and the manner of Fishing and Trading there we set sail from thence and came to an Anchor in Bracey-Sound otherwise called Broad-Sound a very gallant Harbour where many Ships may lye Land-lockt for all Winds Having informed my self by the Inhabitants of those parts of the manner of their Trading and Fishing and the Hollanders fishing for Herrings driving on that Coast we set sail from thence and came to an Anchor in Evey-Sound the Northermost Sound in Shotland on the 12 Ditto and there going on shore I continued about 11 or 12 Months and in that time travelling the greatest part of the Island by Sea and Land did thereby better inform my self concerning the manner of Trading and Fishing by the Inhabitants and the Hollanders at Sea The Land of Shotland lyeth North and By-East and South or South and West about 60 Miles But there are many Islands belonging to Shotland which I shall have occasion to mention hereafter That which is most considerable are the Sounds and Harbours On the West-side of the Southward Point of Shotland there is a good Harbour and Sound called St. Magnus and on the East-side near Sunbrough-head is a fair Sand-Bay where there is good Anchoring in ten or twelve Fathom to the Northward of this last Sound there is another Sound called Hambrough-Haven which is a lade-place for the Hamburgers and Scots About 9 or 10 Leagues from the Southward point of Shotland there is a Chanel that runneth through the Land the South-part of the Land divided by the Channel is called Swanberg the other part so divided or the North-part is called Laxford within
set down how to plant 200 Acres of Land at well for Pleasure as Profit wherein there shall be pleasant Walks with Timber-trees and Groves of Vnder-woods and several Orchards and Gardens with Fruit Flowers and Herbs both for Food and Physick variety of Fowl Bees Silk-worms Bucks Does Hares and other Creatures of several kinds And a short account of the Charges and Profit of keeping a thousand Doe-Conies in Hutches the profit amounting to 450 pounds per annum Also Fish-ponds and Streams of water stored with many kinds of Fish and stocked with Decoy-Ducks And the Vse and Vertues of all the Plants growing in this Garden of Pleasure THe Figure of this Garden or profitable and delightfull Place is a Quadrat the 4 Angles or square sides lying South-east North-west South-west and North-east the length of one side or Angle containing 178 Perch 15 foot 11 inches The whole Plot is to be inclosed with a Ditch and Quick hedge of White-thorn as hath been directed to fence in the great Wood In the middle of this Garden containing 200 Acres Woodland Measure that is 18 foot to the Perch in length shall be erected a convenient Dwelling-house and other usefull Buildings for Corn and Cattel the Front of the said House to stand South-east and the Scite thereof to be inclosed for Yards Gardens and Orchards we allow to take up 20 Acres On the North-east side of this our Garden and 36 foot from the Fence or outmost bounds is to be planted to Row of Oaks extending to the ends of the said Angles or square Sides but observing to keep the same distance of 36 foot from the Fence of the other Angles or North-west and South-east Sides This first Row of Oak being set or planted allowing 21 foot of land between each Plant there is to be planted another or second Row of Oaks 36 foot distance from the first and keeping the distance of 21 foot between every Plant in the said Row This performed then 36 foot from the last Row of Oaks is to be planted 2 Rows of Chesnut Plants all of them keeping the same distance one from the other as the Oaks and 36 foot from the last Row of Chesnuts must be planted 2 Rows of Beech Plants also 36 foot from the last outmost Row of Beech may be planted 2 Rows of Walnut Plants the said Beech and Walnuts are to be planted at the same distance as was the Chesnuts 4 pearch or 72 foot from the last Row of Walnuts you may plant a Grove or Thicket of White Thorn the breadth to be one pearch and the length extending as far as the Walnuts From the Thorns the space of land between being 9 foot is to be planted a Coppice or Thicket of Ash and Withey Sets equally mixed the breadth of the said Plot of Ash and Withey Plants must be 4 pearch and the length 81 foot shorter at each end then the Thorn Thicket Half a pearch or 9 foot from the Ash Coppice shall be planted 4 pearch of Land in breadth with Hazel-nut Sets and the length to be the same as that of the Ash. Leaving 1 pearch or 18 foot space of ground from the Hazel Coppice there must be planted the breadth of 4 pearch in breadth with Rasberry Blackberry Barberry Goosberry and Currant Bushes All these are to be planted equally in several Beds and the edges of the said Beds planted with Strawberries The whole Plot being planted and equally mixed with all the several sorts and colours of Berries with convenient Walks between each Bed and containing the same length with the Nut-wood One pearch distant from the said Plot of Berries is to be planted the same length and breadth of land with Philberd Nut Sets Keeping the distance of 9 foot from the last Plot planted the next to be planted are Withey and Ash Sets the length and breadth of the said Plot to be the same as was last planted with Philberds Now as an Architect will lay a good foundation before he build we have advised first to plant and as the first Plot planted of this our Grove was a Thorn Thicket so likewise must the last or that opposite to the first and also both ends of this entire Inclosure observing to keep the distances with length and breadth of this last Thicket as that first planted and also the Thorns planted at the two ends of the Grove must be of the same breadth and joyn to the ends of the first and last Thorns planted About the middle of the last or south-South-west side of the Grove and opposite to the Dwelling-house must be left unplanted a space of Land or Ground on which to build or set up a fair Gate for entrance into the Wood or Grove aforesaid also there must be left unplanted 72 foot of Land in breadth beginning at the said Gate or middle of the Thorn Thicket and extending overthwart or cross dividing the Grove which will make a Pleasant Walk there being erected a Fountain in the middle of the said Walk whose streams dividing the Grove into 4 parts will be of great use for the refreshing all things as well Vegetatives and Sensitives as Rationals and at each end of the said Walk is to be planted a Mulberry-tree These Directions being observed and performed on the south-South-west side of the House is to be planted the same quantity of Land with all the several sorts of Plants aforementioned keeping the same distance of 36 foot from the Fence and likewise the same distance of Plants according to the manner and way of the first or North-east part of the Land planted These two Groves and Timber-trees in them are not planted only for Pleasant Walkes but Harbor and feeding places for wild Peacocks Turkies Pheasants Blackbirds Thrushes Felfares and all other useful Birds that live on such food as there grows The Land disposed of as to the scite of the House Groves and Woods planted for Timber-trees arises to 120 Acres and a half out of the remainder of Land which is 80 Acres on the North-east side of the Dwelling-House and flanking the North point of the Kitchin Garden and about the middle distance of Land between the said point and South-west side of the North-east Grove shall be inclosed a square Plot of Land containing 10 Acres with a Mote or Water-course 18 foot broad About the middle of the ground thus inclosed shall be built a Shed or low rooft House 4 square answering the Figure of the Land inclosed the walls or sides of the said Shed should be 7 foot high built with brick The length of every square side must be 80 foot and the breadth 10 foot between the walls within the House then the 4 square sides or whole House contains 320 foot round and the Plot of ground or Yard within the House allowing 18 inches for the thickness of the Wall will contain 54 foot square Within this House we shall place 240 Conie-Hutches or Boxes each of them containing 5 Rooms one
10 Acre Close of Cow-pasture to the Orchard or Cherry-garden Gate from this last Gate you shall be directed by 2 Rowes of Mulberry-trees vnto the Garden Gate On both sides joyning unto the said Gate is to be built a brick Wall 9 foot high which wall shall extend to the breadth of the Cherry Orchard and so reach to the Court-yard Wall and inclose the Garden The Cherry Orchard is 20 Perch square but not any of the trees to grow nearer then 18 yards of the Mulberry-trees that there may be full view of the Dwelling House The Apple-Orchard flanks the Cherry-Orchard and Flower-Garden on both sides and reaches to the Court-Yard Wall This ground is planted with the best sort of Fruit as Apples and Pears also Syder-Apples as Red-streaks and others and inclosed with a White-thorn Hedge Round the said Fence on the out-side runs a small Brook or Water-stream 9 foot broad which encompasses the whole scite of the House and is stored with Trouts Gudgeons and others the best sort of small Fish On the 4 Corners of the Orchard are raised 4 Mounts each of them 15 foot high and the way which goes to the top is round the Mount ascending the outside of the Walks is planted with several sorts of Plum-trees which shall be kept by pruning to grow not above 6 foot high The Ladies gathering of these Plums may ascend to the top of the Mounts with ease and pleasure whereby they shall be received into green Arbors planted with White-thorn which by often cutting or clipping growes so close and thick that neither wind sun nor aire will be offensive to them Round these Arbors in the inside are Oken Seats and Tables of Marble in the middle Entering the Garden of Flowers which Garden also is 20 Perch square you may behold on the North-east side a Vine-yard or Plot of ground answering the length of that side of the Garden planted with Vine Sets of the best sort of Grapes that will thrive there and that they may the better grow and ripen not only the earth is made by soil very rich but a Frame made of the heart of Oak Checker-work the length of the said Frame is 20 perch which is the length of the North-east side of the Garden but in breadth not above 9 foot This Frame is to stand on feet the lower side or the outmost legs to be not above 12 inches high from the ground and the other or highest side about 8 foot The outmost or shortest legs must stand 5 foot from the Wall and the innermost or longest about one foot The whole Frame must stand sloping and the upper side lean on the Wall Now the Vine Sets are planted all along against and before the lower part of the Frame and do spread and grow equally all over the Frame and not farther On the South-west side of the Garden and round the other Quarters excepting where the Vines are planted and about 2 foot distant from the Wall is comely to behold several Trees growing with the best sorts of Wall-fruit which by dressing or proyning are made to grow broad and bear the same figure as if they were fastned to the wall but to support them from being shaken by winds they have Frames made round the body and so reach to the boles or first armes of the Tree and about the body and armes are made great wisps of Hay and so that resting on the Frames on all sides they are kept from any harm by winds as we have said before in transplanting Trees for Timber These Fruit-trees will receive the heat and reflection of the sun from the wall to ripen the fruit better than if they were nailed thereunto also such Trees will live ten times the age and bear laâ—ger and better fruit than those planted close and fastned to the wall for such Trees as are faâ—tned to any wall are subject to many annoyances as bark-bound bark-bruised or peeled Cankers and many other evils and besides these Diseases there is but one side of the Tree hath the benefit of Air and Sun therefore they cannot long live or thrive On the North-east and South-west corners or sides of the Garden ranging even with the Dwelling-house you may behold in each Place a hansome built House one of them is the Master of the Gardens Study and the other a private Retiring-place for his Lady Opposite and not far from the 4 Corners of the Garden will appear 4 Oval Grass-Plots handsomely kept in the middle of each Plot a Wainscote Seat 6 foot in length covered over with 4 several kinds of Plants as Ever-green and Privet Holly Ivy and Cypress growing on the back side and by proyning brought into the form of an open Arbor and each Arbor covered over with one kind of Plants Now between these comely green Plots there will appear to your view 4 several Knots wherein grow all sorts of the best Flowers and because there are as many sorts or figures of Knots as Gardners have Inventions the Knots here made choice of although old figures yet such as are comely in this Garden and they are thus placed the Trefoul opposite to the Crossbow and the Oval Knot to the Fret In the middle of the Garden is to be seen a comely Maze well framed and planted with a Hedge of several sorts of the best kind of Berries the said Hedge is not allowed to grow above 5 foot high â— and in the middle of this Maze doth appear a Fountain built with Marble whose Chrystal streams are very serviceable in several Rooms of the House being conveyed in Pipes under ground On the top of this Fountain you may behold an artificial Sun-Dyall made so plain that the time or hour of day may be discerned by good eyes without entering into the Maze Round the Garden-wall and the Oval green Plots the square Flower-Knots before the Wall-fruit and round without the Maze you may walk in very comely large Walks made of fine sifted Gravel and Sand well mixed from thence we shall lead you through the Dwelling-house into a comely Court Yard and through that into a Common Yard being very large and spacious in which Yard is built several usefull Houses with Barn and Stable This Yard is so curiously paved with large pible stones and kept so clean and neat that neither straw stick nor loose stone shall be seen to lie therein We shall not detain you longer here but direct you into the Garden of Herbs and Roots not only for Food but Physick This Plot of land lyeth behind the great Yard and is in length from the Garden Gate to the farther end of the whole Plot 30 perch and in breadth 20 The Fence is of VVhite-thorn and the VVater running round as was said before In the middle of this great Plot which contains two Gardens is a handsome Bowling-green 60 yards square and at each corner of the said Green is a Seat made of Oak in the form of an open