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end_n	lie_v	south_n	west_n	3,846	5	9.7225	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19712	A notable historie of the Saracens Briefly and faithfully descrybing the originall beginning, continuaunce and successe aswell of the Saracens, as also of Turkes, Souldans, Mamalukes, Assassines, Tartarians and Sophians. With a discourse of their affaires and actes from the byrthe of Mahomet their first péeuish prophet and founder for 700 yéeres space. VVhereunto is annexed a compendious chronycle of all their yeerely exploytes, from the sayde Mahomets time tyll this present yeere of grace. 1575. Drawn out of Augustine Curio and sundry other good authours by Thomas Newton.; Sarracenicae historiae libri tres. English	Curione, Celio Augustino, 1538-1567.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607.	1575 (1575)	STC 6129; ESTC S109154	166,412	282

and South with the Atlantique Ocean on the East with the East red Arabian Sea and is ioyned to Asia by a little narow part of dry land lying betwene the vttermost end of the. Arabiā Gulph our Sea yet Egypt which Prouince extendeth frō the Cataractes and fludgates of the riuer Nilus to the mouth of the same together with Aethiopia which lieth aboue it of many old writers yea of late Authours also is not reckened into Affrica And as the riuer Nilus parteth the East part of this halfe Isle that is to wit Aegypt Aethiopia where the large mightie dominions of Presbiter Iohn lye so the riuer Nigir springing as many write from the same fountain and hauing as the other hath his course from the South into the North so this frō the East into the Weast and falling into the Athlantique Ocean parteth and separateth the most wealthie Kingdomes of the Nigrites from it So that the Lybia which we here meane is contained within the boūdes of Nilus and Nigir the Athlantique Ocean and our Sea. All which as farre as it stretcheth from the Weast into the East the buyge Mount Athlas cutteth and seuereth a sunder béeyng at this daye diuided into three partes Barbaria Numidia and Lybia Lybia which in the Arabian tongue is called Sarra that is to say Desert is bound on the Southe wyth the kingdomes of the Nigrites on the North with the moūt Athlas on the East with the riuer Nilus on the west with the Oceā Numidia called in the Arabiā tongue Biledulgerid which is to say a Countrey wherein groweth great store of dates stretching frō the borders of Aegypt to the Oceā lyeth South frō the moūtain Athlas Barbarie from the East to the West cōtained within the same limittes and borders comprehēdeth all that which lyeth betwene Athlas and our Sea. And this is also diuided into foure Prouinces Mauritania Tingintana which containeth the Kingdomes of Marrocco Feze Caesariensis wherin is the king dome of Telensine the .iii. part both in thold time now is properly called Affrica wherin in aunciēt time the Carthaginians flourished conteining now at this day the Citie Affrica Tunice and Tripolis After this foloweth Cirenes which is cōprehended in the kingdome of Bugia At the first inuasiō and irruptiō made into this Prouince during the raigne of Ozmen the Saracens swarming out of Aegypt wan Cyrenaica Affrica But making peace afterward with the Emperour they were cōmaūded to depart from al the places néere to the Sea coastes and so they remooued further into the Confines of Numidia and Lybia and in the raigne of Muauias they againe entring into the Territories of the Carthaginians subdued the coūtrey of Affrica all about the Sea coastes And nowe auauncing forward their Standards they inuaded both the Mauritaines appointed for the limites of their Empire the Oceā the riuer Nigir Ouer which prouince Vlite thē chief Bishop of the Mahumetane sect made Mucas high deputée appointed vnto him a strōg power But yet the part of Tingintana that lyeth toward the straictes of Marrocke was vnder the rule of Roderike Visigotte king of Spaine For the Gothes expulsing all the Romane garrisons were lordes of the whole countrye of spaine from 300. yéeres almost passed acknowledgyng for their King none but this Rodericke who was not onely King of both the Spaynes the néerer and furthér but also possessed all that laye toward the straict Sea in Mauritania Tingintana The Straictes in Affrica hath thrée Promontories makyng two Bayes or Elbowes into the landwarde and in Spaine as many Promontories with so many bosomes or Elbowes of the Sea. The famous and noble Cities by the Sea in Spayne were Carteia situate by the Promontorie Calpe which afterwarde was called Tarifa in Aphrica Tingis of whom Mauritania Tingintana hath his name standyng by the Promontorie Abyle and Cepta called of Ptolomaeus Essilissa The Romanes deuided all Spayne into two Prouinces and sent into them two Proconsulles or Propretors whereof the one gouerned the néerer and the other the furder But these partes were not alwayes of one greatnesse for when as they had not yet the whole possession of all Spayne the hyther Spaine was contayned within the riuer Iberus and the Pyrenee Mountaynes and all beyond Iberus was of the further Spayne which belonged to the Carthaginians But after that they had driuen out the Punique Garrysons out of euery quarter of the Countraie and had got the possession of all Spayne they called that which on the East and south is enuironed almost Ilandwise without Sea on the West with the Athlantique Ocean on the North with the Sea Cantabricum and the Pyrenee Mountaynes exceptinge Lusitania and Betica by the name of the néerer Spaine and those partes which be deuided by the riuer Anas and compassed about with the Ocean as far as to the Asturians thei called the further Spaine callyng that which marcheth vpon the straicts Betica which now contayneth Vandalusia the Kingdome of Granado the which extendeth from the riuer Anas to the riuer Duria they called Lusitanie and al the hyther part Tarraconensis Which tripartite diuision Geographers in their descriptions haue obserued Ouer these thrée Prouinces and also ouer the Asturians and Cantabrians which be on this side the Pyrenees by the North ocean and also ouer the Prouince called Narbonensis so farre as the Riuer of Rhone which was then called Gallia Gottica this Roderike Visigot was as we haue sayd king gouernour at that time when the Saracenes extended the limits of their Dominyon in Aphrica to the ocean which was in the yéere of our Lorde .712 This Rodericke made Iuliane Earle of Cepta descended of the bloud of Visigottes a man of great power and wealth in Spayne and chief ruler ouer a certayne Ilande now called Viridis lying in the narow Sea and many other places aswell in Spayne as in Tingintana his high Deputie and warden in Betica and all other such places as were vnder his rule in Tingintana Vnto hym hee committed the whole charge to defend Spayne on that side from the inuasions of the Saracenes and to kepe the narow Seas This Iulyan had a Daughter named Caba a beautyfull young Ladye insomuch that for her parsonage she was no lesse pernitious to Spayne then faire Helena was to the Troyanes For Rodericke fallynge in loue with her whether it were by force or by fraud for it is reported both waies made a breach into her virgynitie Which vnprincely trick she as soone as she conueniently could vttered and discouered vnto her Father Who dissimuling as though he had knowne nothyng of this iniurie done to him in his Daughter and kéepyng to hymselfe the desire of iust reuenge till a tyme for his purpose conuenient desired leaue of the Kinge to departe the Courtand to go to Cepta because being there as he said he could much better defeat the Saracens entended enterprises Which request obtayned he

desire of eas● openly protested himselfe to be a Prophete practised tyrannie therin and of the line of this Mutar the Kinges of Persia which at this day are called Sophi are descēded Iezid his Poesie was DEVS EST MEVS DOMINVS He raigned thrée yéeres and dyed at Arrane being of the age of fortie yéeres when the Citizens of Cufa had called home Hocem the Sonne of Ali entending to create hym Byshoppe but Abdalam the Sonne of Iezid in the fieldes of Carball néere Cufa treacherously lying in waite slue him and there was he buried In remembrāce of which thing there was at his graue and Sepulchre afterwarde builded a Citie called Carbala called so of the name of the field wherin the fact was done Hocem lefte twelue Sonnes behind him when he dyed that is to say Zeinal Abadine Zeinal Muamedes Baguer Muamedes Giafar Cadeneg Giafar Musa Cazine Musa Hali Muceratius Alle Muamedes Taguin Muamedes Halinaguin Alle Haceme Asquerine Haceme Muamedes Mahadine which were in diuers places buryed that is to wit some néere to their great Graundfathers father Mahomet some at Bagadat some at Herine but as for Muamedes Mahadine the Persians do affirme not to bée yet dead do hold opinion that he shall come mounted on horsebacke to declare and shewe the law to all Nations and shall conuert all people and that all this shall first begin in the citie of Massadale where the body of his graūdfather Ali lyeth buried And therfore they haue alwayes in that citie a horse ready to receiue him whom after the ende of their praiers and orisons they lead with Torche light to the Church and vpō one certaine day which is among them kept most festiuall and solemne they bryng thys horse to the Temple where Ali is buryed wyth as muche pompe as maye bee beseechyng and making petition vnto the same Ali that he would as spéedily as may bée send vnto them this his Nephew whom they looke for Vnto the which feast there is resort of people from di together with the opinion that was conceiued of hym and his Sect so incensed and swelled his ambitious mind that he first of all others tooke vpon hym the name of a Miralmumine which worde in the Arabian language signifieth the Prince of all beléeuers which name afterwards our Historiographers depraued corruptly called Miramuline He also builded the large and most e noble citie of Marocco néere to the foote of Mounte Atlas and appointed it to be the chiefe Keye and Metropolytane Citie of all his Kingdome Notwithstandinge many doo affirme that it was built by Iosippus the Sonne of Tesfine and some say by an other Against them Abdimelick partlye for that he sawe him to procure no hurt nor attempt any hinderaunce to his procéedinges and partly because he was wrapped in heapes of troubles elsewhere and had moe yrons in the fire then he coulde wel temper attempted nothing For although he had supplanted Dadack with all his faction and adherentes and with victory retourned to Damascus yet could he not long enioy that victory nor brooke it quietlye because there began such a plague and pestilenciall mortalytie that had almost quite destroyed all the Saracenicall Nation Beside this plague the people were greatly pinched with famine in all his Countries And the Mardaites gettyng agayne the possession of Mount Libanus enlarged their limites as farre as Hierusalem and morouer the principalytie of Persia vsurped by Mutar much disquieted his troubled minde Abdimelick weltringe in the surges of this froward Fortune and fearing to bee ouerwhelmed with some greater mischaunce sent a solemne Ambassade to Iustinian then Emperour beyng of the age of sixtéene yéeres for a confirmation of the peace and League that Muauias strake with Constantine and farther to request hym that the Mardaites might bee dispossessed and driuen out of Libanus which thinge if the rour would graunt he promysed that he would euery day geue vnto the Romanes in the name of a Tribute ten poundes of Golde a Slaue and a goodly faire Horse And moreouer in consideration of the confirmation of this peace which he so earnestly desired to th end that Caesar might the better expulse and rid the Mardaites which nowe were not aboue .xij. thousand in number out of Libanus he gaue and graunted vnto him the one halfe of his yéerely Tributes of Cyprus Armenia and Iberia This peace beyng confirmed and he deliuered out of the feare of the Mardaites a fierce and outragious people he sent Ciafa with a great Armye againste Mutar who vnder the pretext and coloure of Religion practized tyranny and extort regiment in Persia Which expedition and voyage had very vnluckie end for Mutar with an Host marching to méete him vanquished him and discomfited al his power whereby he wanne a greater estimation and credite then euer he had before Abdimelick to th' intent he might from a néerer place surueigh and beholde how matters prospered in Persia goeth into Mesopotamia where he was againe with many calamities aduerse bruntes sore crushed For the Emperour Iustinian the Sclauoys partli yéelding themselues vnto his mercy and partly tamed by dent of Sword picking out of the stoutest Gallantes in all that Nation a crewe of 30000 or there aboute mustred and tooke vp Souldiours apace for his warres and so trustinge to their valyaunt seruice brake the League lately made makyng for the coulour of his quarel the the money payable for his yéerely Tribute had not the Roman stamp but was of a new Arabian coigne Sending therfore his Lieutenaunt Leontius with this new leuied army into Asia subdued and brought vnder his subiection Iberia Abania Hircania and Media which Regions were vnder the Saracenes Empyre At the same time also one Said reised sedition and rebelled against Abdimelick against whom Abdimelick spéedyng hymselfe with an Army so dismayd and terrified hym that he fel downe on his Marybones and craued forgeuenesse Whom Abdimelick with dissimuling countenaunce pardoned and séemed to forgeue but within awhile after he commaunded hym priuelie to be slain At this same time also there arose an other tyrantie among the Saracenes named Abdala Zubir who sent his Brother Musub into Persia against Mutar and of hym Mutar was both vanquished and slayne albeit he enioyed not the fruite of his victory long For Abdimelick withall his power igoynge againste hym ouercame and discomfited him and all his Hoast and from thence holding on his way into Persia brought all that Prouince vnder his subiection Abdalas Zubir discouraged with the good successe of his aduersarie fled vnto Mecca after whome Abdimelick sent Cagian with a great Armye to pursue and take hym who by force winning the Citie Mecca slue Zubir and set the auntientest Idole of that citie with the Temple also on fire And thus Abdimelick hauinge recouered Persia and dispatched out of the way his aduersaries and being alone in possession of the Saracenicall Soueraigntie after hee had oftentimes in vaine besought the Romane

the Sonne of Irene the Empresse The Emperour knowing of this new stirre and commotion made preparation for warre and sent one of his Lordes with an Army nothing equall God wot nor of power to match and encounter with his enemies which was by Thomas discomfited and cleane ouerthrowē After this méeting with the Romane Fléete tooke the same and with .lxxx. M. men tooke his way to Abydus which is a Citie of Asia the lesse standing vpon the Sea syde spoyling and destroying all where he went burning to ashes not only poore vplādish villages but goodly towns and stronge Cities And from thence in a very darke nyghte transfreted into Thracia where many of the Emperours Souldiours reuoulted and fled dayly vnto hym He put to flight and draue downe all the Emperors power sent against hym Wherof were chief Capitaines Olbian and Catacella and lyke a ragyng Streame violently runnyng downe from a Hyll profligated both by Sea and Land and bore downe before him an other wel apoynted Nauy manned out lykewise by the emperour against him He burst asunder the yron chayne that went ouerthwart the Hauen so layd siege to the citie both by Sea and land But preuailyng nothing that way he determyned to winne his purpose by long siege and fortifiyng his Campe in very good order sent parte of his army to subdue the Townes lying by the Coast of Euxine This doone with the rest of his power which was very great he on euery side beclipped the citie with a mighty oppugnation and gaue thereto a terrible battery But by the valyaunt courage of the Defendauntes all his attemptes were frustrate And his Nauy on the Sea by force of tempest was dispersed and disseuered so that he was fayne to brynge his hoast back agayne into Asia tyll the wynter were passed The Spring folowyng he agayne retourned to the same siege but Michael being now better furnished and prouided then hee was before both with a Nauy of tall Shippes to scowre the Coastes and kéepe the Seas and also with an army of lusty souldiours by land first assaied by diuers slights to vndermine Thomas his souldiours to sollicite them to renownce and forsake their Capitaine but al was in vayne Wherfore setting all the Gates of the citie open he sodenly with all his company issued out and set vpon Thomas suspectyng no such pretence and matter and him there discomfited and his whole Fléete on the Sea also There was one Gregory Cosen to Leo late Emperor who with a crew of good fighting Souldiours ayded Thomas but now séeinge the worlde thus tourned separated foorthwith his Souldiours aparte from the residue in hope thereby to wynne the Emperours fauour and set vpon Thomas behinde Whiche when Thomas espyed beyng nothing therewith discouraged nor yet therefore remoouing his stronglye lodged Campe from the Citie set vpon Gregorie with parte of hys Army and him discomfited who for his sauegard flying away he caught in the chase and put to death Then spéeding himselfe into his Camp agayne he addressed his letters abroad into all quarters vntruly makyng report that he had gotten the vpperhand against Michael in battayle and sent for the Nauy that lay at Berytum wherein were of Gallayes and Hulkes to the number of CCC.L. Sayle with all expedition to come vnto him as though the matter should foorthwith be tryed likewise by Sea. Which drifte and commaundement when the Admyralles and Capitaines of the Romane Nauy vnderstoode and knew they set vppon them at vnwares by night in the roade when they lay at Anker and with their sodayne comming so scarred and affrayed the Mariners that they were at their wittes ende and knewe not how vpon such a sodayne to defend themselues so that there many of them were by the Imperials taken and many burnt and very few escaped which beyng quicke of sayle gott away and ioyned themselues to the other Army that was on the land While this terrestriall army lay before Constantinople without any notable battayle sauing only manylight skirmishes and small bickeringes wherein somtimes Fortune smyled and somtime frowned vpon either part the same and reporte thereof was spread and bruted throughout the Worlde In somuche that Mortago King of Bulgarie notwithstandinge the Emperoure for gréedinesse and miserable sparing of his money as he was by nature most couetous and a néere Prince thankyng hym for his good wyll had before refused his ayde offeryng to assist him saying that he had no néede therof partlye because hee was desirous of Warre and spoyle of his enemies and partly to confirme the former thrée yeeres League made with Leo Armenus marched with an Armye agaynste Thomas and him in a place called Cedocto not farre from Constantinople where the two armyes met in Battayle ouercame vanquished wherin many a man was slayne and after the ende thereof retourned home with many Prisoners and rich Booties When the Nauye that Thomas had left at the Siege heard of this notable discomfiture and ouerthrowe they all reuoulted from Thomas and submitted themselues to the Emperour Thomas gatheringe together the remnaunt of his Armye that escaped vnkylled at the last conflict with Mortago conducted them into a playne Féelde called Diabasis distaunt certayne Furlonges from the Citie a place verye commodious and fit for excursions and for plentie of water very profitable Where hee anew encamped From thence makinge vagaries and roades he wasted and despoyled al the Emperours sumptuous buyldings and banqueting houses of pleasure standing in the Suburbes of the Citie The Emperoure hauinge his Armye euery daye more and more encreased strake vp Alarme and gaue the charge vpon him in thrée seuerall parts whereby he throughly put al Thomas his Armye to flight For Thomas before had geuen commaundemente to his men that at the firste onsette they should retyre and make a shewe as though they fled and afterward vpon the sodayne tourne agayne and recharge vpon their enemies After this discomfiture many of his men fledde to the Emperour Thomas with a few of his adherents came in safetie to Adrianople and his adoptiue Son Anastasius escaping also by flight tooke for his sauegarde the Castel of Byzia After whom the Emperour without delay making pursuite went firste to Adrianople where Thomas was And least the Scythians dwellyng thereabout should learne the knowledge of such engyns and Arrtyllerie as serue for Battery and oppugnation of Cities he determyned by famine to driue them to surrender and yéelde and so beclipped it rounde aboute with a strong Siege The Citie was well walled and beside that surely entrenched and fortefied with Bulwarkes But they were so pinched with Famine that all their victualles beinge spent they secretly had conference with Michael and being at a poyncte and composition with him for pardon of this their rebellyous conspiracie deliuered Thomas into his handes The Emperour now hauinge in his possession his deadly enemie obseruing the auntient custome of other Emperors in lyke cases first made him to prostrate himselfe vpon

Emperor that he would not infringe the League betwéene them concluded at length bent all his power againste the Greeques which inferred warre vpon hym againste the Lawes both of God and man and ouer his army he appoynted for Generall one Muamates Who findinge the Greeques at Sebastonople hanged the Tables of the League vpon a Speare poynt and caused the same to bee borne before him like an Ensigne And calling vpon God to reuenge the breaking and violation therof which were so solēnelie made and confirmed by taking his holy name ●o witnesse he in good order of battell gave the charge vpon them Albeit first he had corrupted the Sclauoy● with money Of whom assoone as the battell was once begun néerehand xx M. reuolted from the Emperour went to the Saracenes which thinge so appauled the Greeques that they were easely ouercome and put to flight and in the chase were kylled almost euery mothers sonne The Emperour Iustinian for he was present himselfe at this conflict dishonorably and shamfully by flight sauing himselfe with a few others in his company assoone as he came to Leucas caused all the remnaunt of the new band of sclauonoys to be put to death and their dead carkesses to bee cast into the Sea Whervpon the saracenes afterward without any damage not only recouered their owne Territories before lost but also inuaded the residue of the Roman Prouinces Sabatius also a noble Senatour and Pretor of Armenia vnderstanding of the wrecks and ouerthrows of the Romans reuolted to the Saracens and betraied into their hands the whole countrie of Armenia Nether did they yet cease to ouerrun the whole East and to leade away the christians into seruitude for y part also of Persia which yet acknowledged the Roman Empire was subdued by Cagian and Muamates with helpe of those Sclauonoy tourning to his side and entring into the Prouince of Thracia spoyled it with Sweard and fire pitifully the Roman Empire being in the meane season with ciuile discords and intestine hatred so disseuered and torne asunder that no man durst set in foote to withstande this outrage The Lord Leoutius hauing exiled Iustinian into the Ile Cherson vsurped the empire and straitwaies sent a Lord of his countrie named Iohn with a nauie to inhibite and stop the violent irruption of the Aphricane saracenes which not content with the midle lande that was graunted vnto them by league for their habitation inuaded a fresh the Countrie néere about the Sea Coastes This man vanquishing the Saracenes in battaile draue them out of the Romane Territories But for as muche as their power and wealth was dreadfull and terrible in Syria and all the East and newes brought by sundry rumours that there was more ayde comming from Abdimelik to the ayde of these Saracens in Affrica Iohn thinking his power vnable to defend and kéepe the possession of the prouince went to Constantinople to fetch more ayde from Leontius leauing his hoast behind him in Affrica But while these things were to slowly purueighed and prepared by Leontius Abdimelik vnderstanding the state of his subiectes in Affrica and sore mooued wyth the late losse by them there sustained furnished out a great Nauie to recouer the Prouince againe With whō the Romane fléete thinking themselues not hable to make their part good departed thence into Crete Where the Chieuetaines and Princes consulting together thought it much soūded to their shame dishonour to returne home hauing thus lost Affrica and left the same open to their enemies and partly moved with displeasure towarde the Emperour which did so dreamingly prouide for the furniture supply of warlicke affaires egged the Mariners to reuolte and to salute Absimar Emperour whom they also called Tybarius He in all hast speeding himself toward Constātinople with an armie and finding Leontius vnprouided without any stop wanne the Citie and taking Leontius cut of his nose and cast him into prison The Saracens forciblie enioyed all Affrica and draue out all the Romane garrisons The most part of them that then inhabited the places of Affrica néere the Sea were of the Gothes lyne This Tyberius immediatly after he was enthronyzed and made Emperour sent his brother Heraclius with a huige armie into Asia against the Saracenes Who inuading Syria pearced into the countrey as farre as Samosata and wasting al the places néere therabout slue néerehand of them two hundreth thousande and taking there many prisoners and great booties brought all the Countrey in great feare of him And at the same time the Princes of Armenia in a sedition killed all the Saracenes which were in Armenia and sending Ambassadours to Absimar receiued the Romanes againe into their Prouince Muamates netteled with these dealinges with a great power set vpon them brought them againe vnder the Saracenicall obeysaunce and burned the chi●fe Princes and leaders of the people alyue Then he also inuaded Cilicia spoyling and ruynating it euerie where piteouslie but he escaped not himselfe scotfree For Heraclius encountring with him discomfited a great part of his hoast and tooke the rest prisoners whom he sent bound to Constantinople to the Emperour At which time Abdimelik dyed in the .xxi. yéere of his raigne We shewed before that one Abedramon descended of the Mauronion stock conueyed himselfe into Mauritania in the beginning of Abdimelik his Pontificate and was there in suche estimacion among his people and Sectaries that all the Saracens dwelling in that Prouince reuerenced him as an other Caliph or rather as one greater then a Caliph but for as muche as he entermedled not with any bellicall insurrections and also was farre of Abdimelik did not persecute him so as he did others But yet notwithstanding his name was great in Arabia He dying left a sonne behind him named Vlite who succéeded Abdimelik in the Pontificate was called the Muralmumine in the yéere after the incarnatiō of Christ .708 During whose raigne Armenia was once againe brought vnder the Romane subiectiō and the Saracens thēce expulsed The Arabians making an irruption into the Romane Prouinces tooke by force the citie Mista with many Castles fortified townes and with great booties and prayes returned home Then againe vnder the conduct of Abatius they inuaded Galatia and sacked it miserably and the Emperour Iustinian being againe restored to the Empyre by Trebellius king of Bulgaria the Saracens taking occasion by reason of these new tumultes commotions issued out of Aegipt with a greater preparatiō power thē they did before and debellad all Lybia to the Ocean Sea. I call it now Lybia because I haue alreadie shewed that Affrica was before by thē takē which is a part of Lybia to th ende you may vnderstand that I do not speake of a part only which was already conquered but of the whole region For wheras Lybia or the whole coūtrey of Affrica being almost on euery side compassed about with water like an Island is on the North enuironed with our Sea on the West