when he encountred Caesar in Macedonia were the Spanish bands which were in his armie if he could haue vsed them Faith and constancie in the end tooke place among this nation whereof Hannibal had often made triall But what example can we find more memorable than the fidelitie of the Saguntines to the people of Rome for the which they lost wiues children citie and liues By little and little they also left that diuelish superstition of sacrificing of men accustoming themselues to more mildnesse and humanitie and practising daily better discipline vnder the Romans commaund as if God would reforme them by their meanes and prepare them to receiue the true and wholesome doctrine of Iesus Christ The true religion receiued with great affection by the Spaniards the which this nation did imbrace happily in the beginning with great fruit and notable examples in the Church of God But after that the barbarous nations were dispersed ouer all Europe hauing troden vnder foot the Majestie of the Romane empire and inuaded the chiefe prouinces thereof chased away all learning and good discipline and infected the earth with heresies and superstitious ceremonies the ignorance of God and of his seruice entred into Spaine which our age doth yet feele Damnable arts in Spaine Then was a time when as they kept publike schools of Magicke arts and conjuring to the which they had made subject Philosophie Astrologie Physicke yea and Diuinitie it selfe But leauing these things which belong to other discourses let vs say That the Spaniards in those dayes were of diuers conuersations as they were a mixture of diuers nations They are apt to receiue discipline in all things Manners of the Spaniards in these times according to the disposition of princes and lords whom they serue they are faithfull and constant vnto them desiring to be in perpetuall action by reason of the agitation of their spirits which is like vnto the agilitie of their bodies who for the most part are leane and drie They are sober and vigilant but verie couetous patient of heat cold hunger thirst and all other discommodities especially if there be any hope of profit or honour for the which they hazard themselues resolutely to all dangers they desire to bee well apparelled and esteeme armes and horses aboue all things they are impudent braggers of their owne actions vertue and nobilitie ciuile to conuerse withall louing good townes copious in their language much giuen to women for the most part vnlearned shewing little art in that they do disdaining labour a country life The women are sober louing their husbands or their friends deerely but wonderfull delicat and curious of painting and perfumes retaining therein nothing of the auntient Spaniards they nor their children drinke not any wine Language in vse among the Spaniards at this day The countrey language at this day is for the most part Roman or Latine corrupted and mingled with some other words of such nations as haue held it in these last ages The Biscane tongue is preserued in Biscaie and part of Nauarre and other their neighbours but in Granado Andalusia Murcia and Valence especially among the rusticke multitude the Moorish and the Arabian tongue is in great vse and in all ages almost the people of Spaine haue vsed diuers languages and were different one from another Making an end of this booke we will relate in the following by what meanes and titles euerie nation hath from time to time held it THE SECOND BOOKE OF the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 THe reasons which moued the Carthaginians and Romanes to inuade Spaine vpon the West and South parts lying vpon the sea 2 The Island of Ebusus or Iuisa first conquered by the Carthaginians 3 Spaine exposed to the spoyle in the first Punicke warre 4 Sagunte taken by Hanniball which was the occasion of the second Punicke warre and of the setling of the Romanes Empire in Spaine 5 Hannibals passage into Italie 6 Cn. Scipio in Spaine and his gouernment 7 P. Scipio goes into Spaine the war of the two brethren against Asdrubal Barcinien and others 8 Separation of the two armies of P. and Cn. Scipios whereof followed their defeat and death 9 The Romanes Estate reuiued in Spaine by the vertue of Lucius Martius 10 Discourse of the doubtfull euents of warre 11 C. Nero sent from Rome into Spaine circumuented by Asdrubal 12 P. Com. Scipio comes into Spaine as Pro-consul his manners and vertues 13 The taking of new Carthage the store-house for the Carthaginians in Spaine 14 Scipio his acts after the taking of new Carthage his iustice religion discipline and gouernment his temperance liberalitie and policie towards the Spaniards care preparation and prouision for the warre 15 Reuolt of many Noblemen and Townes of Spaine 16 Asdrubal defeated at Becula a Towne and Riuer with other things done by Scipio 17 Asdrubal Barcinien passeth into Italie and abandons Spaine M. Sillanus exploits against the other Carthaginian captaines 18 The exploits of L. Scipio brother to the Pro-consull 19 Other acts done by the Pro-consull Scipio the last attempts of the Carthaginians in Spaine and the retreat of Asdrubal sonne to Gisgo 20 Practises with Masinissa Prince of Numidia P. Scipio the Pro-consull passeth into Africke to stirre vp enemies against the Carthaginians in their owne countrey 21 The taking and punishing of the townes of Illiturgis and Castulo which had beene trecherous to the Romanes 22 Diuers Playes Shewes and Sacrifices made at Carthage the new by P. Scipio in honor of P. and Cn. Scipio his father and vncle 23 Exploits of L. Martius and the miserable end of the Astapeens 24 Reuolt of Indibilis and Mandonius captaines and of the Roman souldiors wintering neere vnto the riuer of Sucro and of their punishment 25 Masinissa woon by the Romanes 26 Departure of Mago Barcin out of Spaine his fruitlesse enterprise against new Carthage his crueltie against the Gaditanes their reuolt vnto the Romanes Mago his passage into Italie 27 P. Cornelius Scipio his returne to Rome hauing gotten an absolute victorie of the Carthaginians in Spaine SOme ages before the first warre betwixt the Romanes and the Carthaginians which grew by reason of the Isle of Sicile the Gaditanes extracted from the citie of Tyr couetous and malicious according to the nature of slaues The Tyrians of the race of slaues from whence it may be they were issued for we read that the bondmen of the Tyrians on a time slew all their masters and made themselues Lords of the towne the which they held vntill Alexander the Great who did root out the race of them began to torment the Spaniards their neighbours chasing them out of their lands and possessions making them slaues and entreating them in the vildest manner they could which was the cause of great warre and diuision in that quarter of Spaine so as injuries on either part encreasing daily the naturall borne disdaining the arrogancie of these strangers and enuying their
richly attyred like a king meaning to giue sentence against Gregorie who lay prostrate vpon the earth praying vnto God that he would maintaine the glorie of his name and his truth against all Apostats the which he demaunded earnestly not to saue his life the which he was readie to loose a thousand times for the confession of the faith but to the end the simple should not be abused with the deceits of the Apostat Osius Wherupon it happened that as Osius was readie to pronounce sentence against Gregorie he sunke downe to the ground Osius strucken with the hard of God dyeth hauing his mouth and necke drawne on the one side and so dyed The Gouernor amazed at this strange accident kneeling downe asked Gregorie forgiuenesse confessing his ignorance and excusing it vpon the commaundement of the emperour his prince These things are written by Isidorus but S. Augustine giues a better testimonie of Osius writing against Parmenian In the yeare of our redemption 369 Anno 369. there came vnto the bishopricke of Rome which was not yet soueraigne Damasus a Spaniard borne at Vimaranes a place in Portugall betwixt Minio and Duero three leagues from Braga he succeeded Felix who was an Arrian and therefore not numbred in the catalogue of the Bishops of Rome for that they would make this 〈◊〉 without all blemish Among his other qualities they say he was a good Poet Saint Ierosme was his Secretarie During the time of Constantines children Iuuencus a Spanish priest and Poet liued Constantius the emperour was alreadie dead with Iulian and Iouinian his successours of whom Spaine hath nothing to speake And then did Valentinian raigne in the West and Valens in the East Vnder Valens the Gothes chased by the Dacians inuaded the Romane empire whereas as the first they were receiued in peace but the couetousnesse and wickednesse of Gouernours made them take armes The Gothes inuade the 〈◊〉 empire so as there grew a sharp warre in the which the emperour Valens himselfe was slaine This nation did erect a kingdome in Spaine whose race according to the common opinion hath continued vnto this day The impietie of Valens The emperour Valens was addicted to the Arrian heresie to Negromancie and other impieties We read that being carefull who should succeed him in the empire he was deceiued by the enemie of mankind a murtherer from the beginning who shewed him the letters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and persuaded him that his name that should hold the empire after him should begin with them Whereof the emperour growing jealous he caused all the Theodores Theodoses Theophiles and others whose names were compounded of Theos to be slaine But Theodosius who succeeded him a Spaniard bome fell not into his hands Hee was adopted by Gratian in the yeare three hundred fourescore and two Anno 383. or fourescore and three according vnto some and raigned after him in the East Valentinian the second brother to Gratian holding the Westerne empire His father was called Theodosius and his mother Thermantia and descended from the race of Traian During his empire there came out of Italie into Spaine Paulin the Poet a great friend to Ausonius who became a monke and liued a solitarie life At the same time Priscilian bishop of Auila published his heresie mingled with the impieties of the Manicheans and Gnostiques the which was condemned in a Counsell held at Bourdeaux some time after He was a sectarie to one Marke a Disciple to Basilides who during the empire of the Antonines had brought this heresie into Spaine where it was receiued and fauoured by a great ladie called Agape and drew to his opinions Helpidius a Rhetorician so as this mischiefe lay smothered for a time vntill that Priscilian did publish it a man issued from a noble familie in Gallicia eloquent and subtile The fourth yeare of Theodosius empire Ann. 368. which was in the yeare three hundred fourescore and six or fourescore and seuen there died at Constantinople in Theodosius his court Athanaric king of the Gothes who was become a friend and allie to the Romanes Isidorus affirmes That the yeare following the Gothes being impatient of the Romane yoke did chuse Alaric for their king Others hold that it was 14 yeares after whereof we will intreat at large in the next booke In the yeare 388 Priscilian hauing beene condemned in the Counsel of Bourdeaux he retired to Treues Priscilian the hereâ—â—ke 〈…〉 to a tyrant called Maximin some call him Clemens Maximus who hauing caused Euodius his constable to heare him he cut off his head and of other his sectaries among the which was Matronianus a Spaniard Bishops 〈◊〉 for that they made themselues 〈◊〉 parties 〈…〉 an excellent Poet. Ithacius and Visatius Bishops were accusers and parties against Priscilian by reason whereof they were excommunicated and banished Sigebert saith That it was taken ill when as by the accusation of any man a Bishop was put to death For one hereticke author of a sect in Spaine there liued in those times many religious and learned men as Lucinius Beticus Abigaus Abundius Auitus Olympus Audentius Vigilantius who although he were a Gaule yet he did reside at Barcelona against whom S. Ierosme did write very vehemently for that hee did condemne the superfluous honour done vnto the reliques Theodosius hauing in the yeare 387 made his sonne Arcadius Caesar tenne yeares after he aduanced Honorius his other sonne to the same dignitie who after his decease were Emperours Arcadius in the East and Honorius in the West by the death of Valentinian the second and of Eugenius the tyrant these two princes were borne in Spaine as the Poet Claudian writes In their time the Gothes began to disperse themselues ouer the West where they committed infinit spoyles vntill in the end they setled themselues in Gaule Spaine and lastly in Italie blemishing the name and majestie of the Emperours in these rich Prouinces ⧠THE FIFTH BOOKE OF the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 THe beginning of the Gothes and their aduentures in Hungarie Mesia and Thrace 2 Their Religion 3 Their warres against the Emperours of the East 4 Descent of the Gothes into Italie vnder Alaric 5 Athaulphe who first erected the Gothes kingdome in Gaule and inuaded Spaine 6 First Councell of Toledo and the estate of religion then in Spaine 7 Vallia the first king of the Gothes which erected a kingdome in Spaine 8 Reigne of the Sueues in Gallicia 9 Reigne of Theodoric the second king of Gothes in Spaine 10 Torismond the third king of Gothes 11 Theodoric the second of that name and fourth king of Gothes 12 Henry the fifth king 13 Alaric the second of that name sixt king 14 Gensalaric the seuenth king his cruelties and death 15 Amalaric the eight king and vnder him the second Councell of Toledo 16 Councels at Tarracone Girone Sarragosse Ilerda and Valencia 17 The second Councell of Toledo 18 Discourse vpon the vncertainetie of the histories
of Spaine touching the reigne of Amalaric and deeds of Theodoric king of Italie whom the Spaniards make his grandfather by the mothers side 19 Theude the ninth king of the Gothes in Spaine 20 Theodiscle the tenth king of the Gothes in Spaine 21 Agila the eleuenth king 22 Athanagilde the twelfth king 23 Luiba the thirteenth king 24 Leonigilde the foureteenth king and his deeds 25 End of the reigne of the Sueues in Gallicia 26 Ricared the fifteenth king abiuration of the Arrian heresie at the third Councell of Toledo reformation of the Gothicke lawes 27 Luiba the second of that name sixteenth king cruell his death 28 Vuiteric the seuentcenth king a tyrant 29 Gundamyr the eighteenth king 30 Sizebut the nineteenth king 31 Suintilla the twentieth king deposed for his vices 32 Sizenand the one and twentieth king the fourth Councell of Toledo 33 Cinthilla the two and twentieth king and the fift and sixt Councels of Toledo 34 Tulba the three and twentieth king 35 Cindasuinthe the foure and twentieth king vnder whom was the seuenth Councell of Toledo 36 Recesuinthe the fiue and twentieth king and the ninth and tenth Councels of Toledo 37 Bamba the six and twentieth king rebellion of Paule and others in Gothike Gaule and their punishment 38 The eleuenth Councell of Toledo vnder him and some decrees 39 Eringe the seuen and twentieth king and vnder him the twelfth thirteenth and foureteenth Councels of Toledo 40 Egica the eight and twentieth king vnder whom were the fifteenth sixteenth and seuenteenth Councels of Toledo 41 Vitiza the nine and twentieth king cruell and infamous the eighteenth Councell at Toledo 42 Roderic the thirtieth and last king of Gothes in Spaine his vices inuasion of Spaine by the Moores and Arabians and the end of the Gothes reigne 43 A Catalogue of the auncient Bishops of Spaine BEing to treat of the Gothes kingdome in Spaine it is fit to know from what region they are come and by what accidents they first seated themselues in Spaine Honorius sonne to Theodosius the Great then reigning in the West 1 The Gothes are issued from the Getes The Gothes come out of Asia intâ— Europe and their first beginning was in Asia they passed into Europe long before and did first seize vpon the higher countrey of Thrace and Mysia which is at this day Bulgaria Bosna Rascia Seruia and it may be a part of Hungarie and in the end they came to either banke of the riuer of Danube and then by degrees peopling all that lyes betwixt that riuer and the Northerne shore of the Baltike sea they did in the end hold all that continent which extends it selfe in manner of an island in the bosome thereof with all the neighbour islands They were famous for a long time in Dacia in those regions which wee now call Valachia Transyluania Gothes Geâ—es Gepides all one nation and Moldauia where they were called Getes and Gepides In the times of Alexander the Great there were certaine encounters betwixt the Grecians and the Gothes not farre from the island of Peuce aboue Constantinople at the mouths of Danube or Ister as they called it in that place Syrmius reigned ouer that nation at that time We read also That Lysimachus one of Alexanders successors was vanquished in battaile and taken by a king of the Gothes whom hee afterwards set freely at libertie and married his daughter After which in tract of time other nations being mingled with them those which did inhabite the great Peninsule which the auncients called Scandia and Scandinauia yet little knowne to them retained the name of Gothes and the language the which as some affirme was like vnto that of the Celtes others hold That it was the Teuton or Dutch tongue which languages being corrupted differ much at this day from those times when they were in their greatest puritie From these Northerne regions which containe at this day the realmes of Suethland and Denmarke often and vpon diuers occasions there came great troupes of people who tooke possession againe of the countries joyning to the Venedique or Baltike sea The Gothish tongue and of the islands thereof chasing away the inhabitants and aduauncing into the maine land they did repossesse Dacia and Mysia and ouerrun the higher Thrace vnder Filymer sonne to Gandaric who was the fift king after this returne In these countries they planted their bounds vpon the Danube and there reigned some ages they did encrease their fame with great victories and did giue their name to many nations whom they subjected They inuaded the Romane Empire in the time of Decius vnder the conduct of their king Giua and did vanquish the Romanes in a great battaile whereas Decius and his sonne were slaine after which by many victories they made themselues fearefull to the Romans so as the Emperous were often glad to haue them for friends and companions in arms and by the vertue and valor of their troups which they entertained did often execute great matters About the time of Valentinian and Valens Hermanaric reigned ouer the Gothes The Hunschase the Gothes out of their coÌ„quests who vanquished many nations who notwithstanding yeelded to the force of the Hunnes fathers to the Hungarians who came at that time out of Asia into Europe in great numbers through the fennes of Meotides Hermanaric being dead and Vithimir his successor slaine in battaile the Gothes estate was ouerthrowne and troden vnder foot by the Hunnes wherefore such as would not liue vnder the Conquerors subjection retyred themselues into diuers other countries Athanaric who had shewed himselfe an enemie to Valens in supporting Procopius his rebell would not trust him and therefore he tooke his course towards the North and did inhabite with his troupes in the forrests of Sarmatia But Fritigerne and Alauin being followed with a great number of Gothes came vnto the bankes of Danube vpon the confines of the Empire where desiring to be admitted to dwell with the other subjects Valens consented supposing that they should serue as a rampier against forraine nations that would inuade the empire on that side Then there arriued vpon the same marches Vitheric Distinction of the East and West Gothes sonne to Vithimir with his tutors Alathee and Safrax and also Farnabe conductors of other great troupes Then did the Romans begin to distinguish these people into Ostrogoths or East Goths and Visigoths or West Goths calling those which did remaine vnder the domination of the Hunnes Ostrogoths and those Visigots which had passed the Danube and dwelt in Hungarie Mysia and Thracia the which distinction was ancient among them according to their countries and abodes and was againe practised in Italie Gaule and Spaine when as this nation had erected kingdomes there whereof the princes were diuided into two families or factions that is the Hâ—mels or Amales and the Baltes 2 The name of Iesus Christ had beene many yeares preached among this nation Christian religion among the Gothes before
the Romanes who had no such scruple The Goths defeated in Africk by the Romans fell vpon them and finding them carelesse and disarmed they made a pitifull slaughter so as there escaped not any one to carrie newes It hapened at the same time that King Theude the newes of this rout beeing published abroad was slaine in his chamber by one that made himselfe a iester to haue the better accesse who stabbed him in the bellie with a dagger The king feeling himselfe wounded to the death coniured the noble-men that were about him not to doe any harme to him that had hurt him saying that God had sent him a worthy reward for his merits for that he had also beene the murtherer of his captaine He raigned 17. yeares and fiue moneths 10. Theodiscle 20 THeodiscle seased vpon the realme he was generall or Constable of the Goths armies An. 544. he gaue himselfe to lust and adulteries poluting honest families and great houses the which he filled with murthers by reason of his excesse wherefore the chiefe of the Goths conspired to kill him at Seuille The reward of a lustfull tyrant rioting in his banquets Some say that he was sonne to the sister of Totilas king of the Ostrogothes in Italie and held the kingdom one yere 7 months 11. Agila 21 THe Gothes did chuse Agila for their king Anno 546. who assailed the towne and territorie of Corduba Crueltie of Agila against the Christians or Cordoua did all the disgraces he could vnto the Christians treading the bones of Asciscles and Victor who were martyres vnder his horses feet whereof among that nation the superstition was great Comming afterwards to fight against the Gothes which were of a contrarie faction he was vanquished his armie defeated his sonne slaine and all his baggage which was verie rich lost he himselfe flying into Merida was slaine by the faction of Athanagilde who succeeded him hauing raigned fiue yeares 12. Athanagilde 22 DVring the life of Agila Anno 551. Athanagilde had attempted to seize vpon the kingdome of the Visigothes by force the which after his death he obtained without any difficultie about the same time the kingdome of the Ostrogothes in Italie was extinguished by Iustinian or Bellisarius Generall of his armies and his lieutenant in the West The Visigothes were diuided some followed Athanagilde Diuision among the Gothes whom others loued better for a companion than a master There was an armie raised against him by Agila who was head of the other partie being come to battell neere vnto the towne of Seuille Agila was defeated Hereupon the Gothes considering that by reason of their dissentions the Romanes and Spaniards lying vnder their authoritie might inuade them to their great prejudice they agreed in the end and did acknowledge Athanagilde for their king Agila hauing beene vanquished and slaine at Merida They hold that this king did secretly detest the profession of the Arrians and fauoured the Christians He dyed at Toledo Athanagilde dislikes the Arrian heresie of a naturall death hauing raigned foureteene yeares during the which he had many encounters with the Romanes and their partie with variable successe In his time the Sueues of Gallicia left the Arrian sect and submitted themselues to the Christians Church Theodemir was the first king of Gallicia which imbraced the true religion by the persuasion of a bishop or an Abbot of Dume called Martin who reformed the churches of Gallicia Bruâ—haut or Brunichilde by the Councels held at Bracar and at Lugo Brunichilde who was daughter to Athanagilde was maried to Sigebert king of Mets to be a plague to France 13. Luiba or Liuba 23 THe Gothes disagreeing in the election of a king Anno 565. the royall seat was vacant for some moneths in the end they chose Luiba at Narbone who admitted Leouigilde his brother to be partner in the kingdome giuing him the gouernment of the hither Spaine This Leouigilde tooke to wife the widow of Athanagilde called Gosuintha but he had had another wife which was Theodosia daughter to Seuerian duke of Carthagene by whom hee had Hermingilde and Ricared This Seuerian of whom we haue made mention Seuerian and his posteritie is held to be the sonne of Theodoric king of the Ostrogothes in Italie and the Spanish authors say that he had many sonnes and daughters by Theodora his wife issued from the bloud royal all which were Saints and men of the Church as S. Leandre and S. Isidore bishops of Seuille Fulgentius bishop of Astigi and then of Carthagene Florence an Abbesse whom some call Iustina and others Luiba hauing raigned 3 yeres died at Narbone leauing no other memorie of him for he was not warlike 14. Leouigilde 24 LEouigilde remained sole king of the Gothes Ann. 567. both on this side and beyond the Pyrenees after the decease of Luiba his brother He did ouerrun the territories of the Bastitanes and of Malaca which is the countrey of Grenado and Mutcia at this day Hee tooke Asinode or rather Assidon a verie strong towne by a composition made with one Framedanc who commaunded there and added it to the Gothes kingdome This place had a garrison of Romane souldiours and had defended themselues till then vnder the majestie of the Romane empire Iustine the young sitting then in the imperiall seat at Constantinople Leouigilde did many other exploits of war against the Romanes and their partisans in Spaine Exploits of Leouigilde and did much inlarge the Gothes dominions Cordoua which they had often attempted in vaine was by this king surprised in the night many towns castles forced with great slaughter of the people Vpon the frontiers of Gaule hee made warre against them of Sauoy and Daulphine if writers erre not He diuided his kingdomes betwixt his sonnes Hermengilde and Ricared the which he had by his first wife Miro king of the Sueues in Gallicia made warre at that time against the Vascons which are the Nauarrois and Biscanes but Leouigilde stayed him and sent his owne forces to the Cantabrians towards the Ocean that is Biscaie from whence he chased all such as had vsurped any townes or seigniories reducing in a manner all those pettie potentates which were risen in Spaine to the prejudice of the Romane empire vnder the crowne and scepter of the Visigothes Hee made a peace notwithstanding for a time with Miro by meanes of his embassadours So hauing enlarged his dominions in Spaine he gaue himselfe to ciuile affaires He built a towne called Ripol The politique actions of Leouigilde in the hither Spain beautified it with buildings and endowed it with priuiledges He also built the towne of Victoria in Biscaie which is not Victoria at this day He maried his eldest sonne to Iugunde daughter to Sigebert king of the French he caused a Councell to be called at Toledo of the Arrian bishops where he heapt errour vpon errour The Arrians baptisme forcing the Christians
requited him with reliques with a linke of the chaine wherewith Saint Peter had beene bound by the necke Reliques when he suffered martyredome of the wood of the verie crosse of Saint Iohn Baptists haire and such other singularities with an Archbishops cloke for Leandre bishop of Seuille These were the exercises of pietie which were then too much vsed among Christians At that time there was another Councell held at Seuille of eight bishops Councell at Seuille whereas Leandre their pastor did preside In Spaine there did flourish in those times Learned and religious bishops besides the aboue-named bishops Iohn abbot of Vaâ—claire who was afterwards bishop of Girone a Goth by race but borne at Scalabis in Lusitania who hath written a Chronicle vnto the yeare fiue hundred and ninetie Fulgentius bishop of Astigi then of Carthage brother to Leandre a man well seene in the Greeke Latine Arabike and Syriack tongues and hath written many bookes Seuerus bishop of Carthage Licinian of Malaca and others Florentine the sister of Leandre was Prioresse of fortie Nunnes in the towne of Astigi Queene Badda who was daughter to king Arthure of great Britaine dyed after which Ricared maried Clotosinde sister to king Childebert of Mets by meanes of which mariage a peace was concluded betwixt the Gothes and the French Pope Gregorie would not haue the name of Primat yet in the meane time he did exercise a jurisdiction in Spaine for Ianuarius being deposed from his bishopricke of Malaca by the practises of some of his enemies he sent one called Iohn to take knowledge of the cause who with Apostolike authoritie restored him to his bishopricke and punished his aduersaries Ricared hauing held the kingdome of the Gothes in Spaine and in Gaule fifteene yeares The death of Ricared and his vertues dyed at Toledo much lamented of all men for he had raigned verie mildly so as they called him Father of the people He reduced the Gothike lawes into order enlarged his dominions hauing beene alwayes in armes against the Romanes and their partisans which remained in Spaine he was verie deuout and bountifull to the Clergie so as hee was commended for a verie religious prince especially for that he had giuen vnto the church of S. Felix at Gironne the crowne of gold which he ware vpon his head but that which is of more esteeme he purged Spaine of all heresies 16. Luiba 2 and Victerix 17. 27 TO Ricared succeeded his son Luiba Anno 601. or Liuua Maurice raigning then at Constantinople Some Spaniards say That he was a bastard others denie it and giue him two brethren Suinthila and Geila Victeric seized vpon the Gothes kingdome and taking this yong prince who was but sixteene yeares old he cut off his right hand and in the end slew him the second yeare of his raigne Then dyed Leandre Crueltie of Victeric to yong Luiba to whom succeeded Isidore his brother at Seuille 28 Victeric was an vnfortunate king for in many encounters which he had with the Romanes and those that held their partie in Spaine he was still beaten Moreouer hee striued to aduance the Arrian heresie againe and in these miserable designes raigned seuen years He maried his daughter Hermenberge to Theodoric king of Mets who could neuer know her wherefore he sent her back to her father a virgine vncorrupted and they say that Brunichilde Theodorics grandmother had bewitched him and made him vnable to vse his wife whom she hated Theodoric being otherwise verie licentious and had made good proofe with other women We read A discourse of Mahumet not very credible that during the raigne of Victeric in the yeare six hundred and fiue Mahumet came into Spaine to preach his doctrine at Cordoua and that being discouered as they went to seize on him he fled away so secretly as no man knew what became of him But we know that Mahumet proceeded to the publication of his doctrine after a more violent meanes hauing by money and persuasions corrupted the Arabian theeues whose armes he imployed to propagate his errours among other nations vnder the empire of Heraclius yet it is not impossible that Mahumet being then about fiue and twentie yeares old seruing a rich marchant of Arabia whose widow he after maried should come into Spaine for his masters affaires and to haue giuen some knowledge of the poyson which lay in his breast King Victeric whom others call Deteric and some Bertric as he had put the innocent prince Liuba miserably to death The miserable end of the tyrant Victerie was by a just reuenge miserably slaine by his owne people as he sat at the table a base king who did nothing aduance the kingdome of the Gothes but in taking the towne of Siguensa from the Romans 18. Gundamir 29 THe Gothes after the death of Victeric Anno 610. created Gundamir king who came to the crowne about the sixt yeare of the empire of Phocas in the yeare 610 his wife was called Hilduare This king at his comming made the churches sanctuaries Liberties of Churches forbidding to take or force any criminall person that had fled thither the which was done at the pursute of a Councell then held at Toledo of foureteene bishops and other Clergie men Aurasius being bishop there in the which the Archbishop of Toledo was declared Primat of Spaine All writers make not mention of this Councell but onely as the Spaniards say there are memorials found thereof at Toledo and it is written That the rights of this Metropolitane were debated there where he had his Suffraganes assigned him in all the prouince of Carpetania which did comprehend Carthagene so as in this regard the Metropolitane of Toledo had then a greater jurisdiction than at this day Isidore of Seuille Innocent of Merida Eusebius of Tarracone and Beniamin of Dumes among others assisted at this Councell Hee had warre against the Vascons or Nauarrois and against the Romanes or their partisans with happie successe He raigned two yeares and dyed at Toledo of his naturall death 19. Sisebuth 30 SIsebuth succeeded Gundamir Anno 612. a wise and valiant prince learned and eloquent as the Spaniards say He chased away the Iewes which would not bee baptized wherewith France was soone filled but they were againe forced to flie Dagobert the French king hauing made an edict by the which they were injoyned to conforme themselues to the Christian religion vpon paine of death Sisebuth imployed his time to conquer the townes castles forts stâ—aits and passages of the mountaines which were yet held by the Romane garrisons and did in a manner make himselfe master of all Spaine Caesarius commaunding there for the Romanes The zeale of religion was great in many at that time in Spaine but most of them wanted the true knowledge The Church of Toledo was gouerned by Heladius who of a Courtier became a Monke and from thence had beene taken and aduanced in his age to the Archiepiscopall dignitie
gaue many admonitions to his sonnes touching concord and the publike peace recommending the Queene Donna Ieanne very straightly vnto them This King was reputed a Saint among the Spaniards but he is not canonized by the Popes yet he was a great fauorer of the Sea of Rome and of all the Clergy in General whom he aduanced to honour and riches as much as any of his predecessors He did wonderfully persecute the Albigeois who descouered themselues in his countries burning them aliue and he himselfe setting fire to them In his raigne and during the life of D. Iohn Archbishop of Toledo Saint Lewis King of France imparted vnto the church of Toledo some of the singularities which he and others had brought from the holy land from Egipt and other places as of the wood of the true crosse one of the thornes of our Sauiours crowne of the Virgin Maries milke a peece of the purple roabe wherewith Christ was couered some of the towel wherewith he wiped the Apostles feet of the sheet wherein he was buried and of the toyes wherewith he plaied when he was little with other such relikes whereof the Princes Arabians and Turkes yea and they of Constantinople made rare presents vnto the French who aboue all other Christians did reuerence these things and did afterwards distribute them to other nations These goodly Iewels were receiued by the Spaniards with great deuotion and of this subiect there is a letter found written by that King Saint Lewis in Latin to the Chapter of Toledo with a seale of gold giuen at Estampes in the yeere 1248. The death of the King D. Fernand was much lamented by the Christians and by the Moores also of Granado who did mourne with great teares and lamentations after their manner 32 Soone after the decease of D. Fernand Nauarre died Thybauld King of Nauarre the first of that name in Iuly in the yeere 1253. in the towne of Pampelone leauing the realme to his sonne Thybaud the second After his reture from Syria he had great troubles and difficulties with the Nobility and commons of his Realme or that held in fee of him whom he desired as it was needfull beeing new come and a stranger to content the which he did by his wisdome great patience and dexterity Those which crost him most were D. William Vicont of Sola D. Raymond Arnaud Vicont of Tartax and D. Gaston of Moncade Lord of Bearn who made great complaints of the King but he gaue them the best satisfaction he could To the Vicont of Tartax he gaue Ville-neuue with all the land of Miexa and Hostauares and to the rest he gaue other things so as he pacified them all The King had great controuersie with D. Pedro de â—açolas Bishop of Pampelone for the rights and immunities of his church the which proceeded so farre as the Bishop presumed to excommunicate the King and did not onely interdict his owne Diocese of Pampelone but the whole realme of Nauar where by reason of his pretensions and controuersies there was no Masse nor Mattins sayd but whereas the King did force them from the which they did appeale and in the meane time the Bishop kept at Nauardun in Arragon from whence going sometimes forth the King caused him to bee taken and put in prison as a traitor but it was too hardy an attempt the people could not endure it so as he was forced to set him free These stormes continued three yeeres whereas the Spaniards lay all the blame vpon the King In the end by the mediation of Noblemen Knights Prelats and some good religious men the King and the Bishop were reconciled The King acknowledged his fault and the interdiction was taken away and some affirme that he went in person to Rome to demand absolution the which he obtained of Pope Innocent the fourth As we haue sayd this King died in the yeere 1253. and was buried in the great church at Pampelone About the same yeere there died also D. Blanche of Castille Queene mother to Saint Lewis King of France leauing vnto her sonne a good title to Castille if he would haue followed it and to his descendants she was buried at Saint Denis neere Paris The end of the eleuenth Booke THE TVVELFTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 D. Alphonso the tenth King of Castille and 31. of Leon the 5. of that name in Castille and the tenth in Leon or the 11. 2 D. Thibaud the second of that name 23. King of Nauarre Contentions betwixt him and the Kings of Castille and Arragon 3 Fealty and homage done by the King D. Thibaud to him of Castille which the inhabitants of Pampelone refuse to subscribe 4 Marriage of D. Alphonso King of Castille vnlawfully sought and broken 5 Exploits of King D. Alphonso against the Moores 6 Factions in Germany for the Empire and the choosing of D. Alphonso King of Castille to the Imperial dignity 7 D. Alphonso the third of that name and fifth king of Portugal his vnlawful marriage in Castille and leauing his lawfull wife the Popes Censures and interdictions 8 Continuance of the raigne of Thibaud second King of Nauarre and his marriagâ—s 9 Politique exercises restauration of townes priuat studies and other Acts of D. Alphonso King of Castille called the wise 10 Negligence and inconstancy of D. Alphonso in the pursâ—te of the Imperial dignity indiscretion of Saint Lewis King of France to quit his interest to the realme of Castille 11 Portugal exempt from all fealty and homage to Castille and Leon the occasion of great tumults and conspiracies againg King D. Alphonso the wise 12 D. Henry the Grosse first of that name the 24. King of Nauarre 13 D. Alphonso King of Castille cast from the Imperial dignity 14 Persecution of the Aâ—bigeois in Arragon and Cattalogne 15 D. Ieanne daughter to the King D. Henry heire of the realme of Nauarre giues place to Philip the faire King of France and therefore is accounted the fiue and twentith King of Nauarre 16 Ciuill dissention in Nauarre for the gouernment against the French and their partisans impietie murthers cruelties and the punishments of such excesse 17 The fruitlesse and pernitious voiage of D. Alphonso king of Castille into France A conference betwixt the Pope and him 18 Enterprises of the Moores upon the realme of Castille a continuance of the Estate and Empire of the Arabians in Mauritania 19 Death of D. Fernand de la Cerde the elder of Castille which was the cause of great troubles in that country 20 D. Pedro the third of that name and ninth King of Arragon his marriage with Constance the daughter of Manfroy bastard to the Emperor Frederic by reason whereof the Arragonois pretend right to Sicile and Naples 21 The children of D. Fernand de la Cerde reiected from the succession of the crowne of Castille disanulling of the right of representation the Law of Toro contrary vnto it 22 Building of the great fort of Alhambra of
and as the king D. Henry caused search to be made for him Queene Catherine being newly brought in bed begged his pardon at the same time when as she intreated the king her husband hee was hidden in her chamber and hearing that the king had pardoned him he came foorth presently in a Priests habit and obtained the Archdeaconship of Alaua beeing an Archdeacon he had two concubines one an English woman called Izabel and the other a Spaniard whose name was Mary Bernard by these he had eight children sons and daughters from one of which named Alphonso is descended the family called of Castile reduced at this day to litle About the end of this yeare the Moores of Granado began to stirre hauing no cause but onely the king D. Henries disability to war by reason of his indisposition They took the towne of Ayamonte Moores belonging to Don Aluar Peres of Guzman whereat the king D. Henry being displeased he sent to king Mahumet Aben-Balua to haue the place restored in the estate it was otherwise he would prouide by armes the which the Moore promised giuing some excuses but he did not performe it but after some dayes entred again by Quesada with a great army and did ouer-runne the country about Bacça for suppressing of whom the king D. Henry sent troupes of men at armes towards the fronter vnder the leading of D. Pedro Manrique the Generall with whom there ioyned many noblemen and knights and although the Christians forces were inferior to the Moores Battel betwixt the Christians and Moores yet they offered them battell in the which there was great slaughter of both parts but no certaine victory in regard of the losse but the Moores kept the field and the reputation Of Christians of accompt there dyed Alphonso of Aualos the Constables nephew Martin of Rojas Garci Aluares Osorio and Iohn of Herrera knights of valour The king D. Henry seeing that he must enter into warre Castille he assembled his Estates at Toledo to consult of the meanes to pursue it and then he went to Madrid where he receiued newes of the battell The Prelates Noblemen and Deputies of townes being assembled and hauing consulted freely what was to bee done for the king had resolued to enter in person into Granado requiring their aduise and consent he was forced his infirmity increasing to giue the charge thereof to his brother D. Fernand and to make him his Lieutenant generall in this expedition who spake vnto the Estates in the kings name letting them vnderstand that his resolution was to make warre with all violence and with his greatest power against the king of Granado for some reasons he gaue them and therefore he made accompt to put to field ten thousand men at armes foure thousand genets or light-horse and fiftie thousand foot-men besides the forces that were in Andalusia to entertayne which troupes with all necessarie prouision for sixe moneths hee had need of a hundred millions of Marauidis then currant paying to euery horseman twenty Marauidis a day and to euery footeman tenne He therefore intreated the estates to prouide and contribute that summe freely and speedily Dâ—mâ—nd of King Henry of 〈◊〉 flates seeing it must be imployed for the defence and safety of all Spaine The estates were amazed at so great a charge at that season and besought the Infant to speake vnto the King for the moderating of the summe seeing hee had so great a treasure lying at Segobia whereof a small portion might ease the Estates The Prelats and Clergy men aboue all others made great difficulty for this contribution the which in the ende the King after conference with his Brother and other his familiars ordred in this manner That the Estates should presently furnish fourty fiue Millions of Marauidis which are valued at a Million of Crownes by the Authors of those times and if the King should neede any more hee might impose it without calling of the Estates The condition to impose mony vpon the subiects without calling the States seemed hard yet they all consented for that time so as it might not be a president Matters standing thus the Kings infirmity increased in such sort as foreseeing his approching death he made his will and instituted for heire of his realmes his Sonne D. Iohn beeing but twenty two monethes old leauing him for Tutors vntill hee came to the age of fourteene yeares compleate Testament of the King D. Henry the Queene D. Catherine his wife and his brother the Duke of Pegnafiel And if his heire should die hee did then substitute his daughter Catherine and vnder the same tutors to whome also he left the gouernment of his realmes His will was to be buried in the habit of Saint Francis and that his Sonne should bee bred vp vnder the discipline of Deigo Lopes of Estuniga chiefe iustice of Castille of D. Iohn Velasco his Lord Chamberlaine and of D. Pablo Bishop of Carthagena Death of King Henry of Castille Hauing thus disposed of his last will hee died soone after Some Authors say that he was poysoned by a Phisition a Iew the which was knowne afterwards by the confession of other Iewes that were prisoners for other disorders committed in derision of the ceremonies vsed in the Christian Relligion and were executed at Segobia The King D. Henry the third hauing rayned sixteene yeares and almost three months dyed in the yeare 1406. in December in the Citty of Toledo being not much aboue twenty seauen yeares old hee was interred in the Chappell of the last Kings in the Cathedrall Church there The same yeare dyed Pope Innocent the seauenth at Rome hauing rayned two yeares in whose place was chosen Angelo Carairo a Venetian Patriarke of Constantinople and Cardinall of Saint Marke by thirteen Cardinalls of his faction and was named Gregory the twelft by whome the Schisme was contynued After the returne of the Queene D. Leonora to the King of Nauarre her husband shee was deliuered of a Sonne in the citty of Pampelone Nauarre who was called by his Fathers name but he lyued little The peace of this realme was great vnder this King Charles who liued very contentedly with his wife after her returne and made her Regent when hee past into France which was in the yeare 1397 for hee had many great affaiers to decyde with King Charles the sixt who detayned many places from him which had beene seazed on in his fathers time and had often sollicited him in vaine by his Ambassadors to do him reason wherefore hee was forced to goe in person Before his departure hee ordayned there should bee payed towards the building of the great Church of Pampelone ruined some yeares before the forteth pennie of al the reuenues of his realme for twelue yeares where-with it was built in the forme we now see it Hereof there were letters giuen by this King at Saint Iohn of Pie de Port this yeare 1397. in May. His voiage into France did benefit
of D. Henry the vnable king of Castile playes and shewes where the Arch-bishop of Seuill Don Alphonso de Fonsecs hauing feasted the King Queene and the Ladies among other singularities there was serued in after dinner for the banquet two plates filled with rings of gold set with rich and pretious stones for the Ladies amongst whom Donna Guiomar was held next the Queene to be the fayrest and most beautifull Ladie of Spaine without compare to her the king shewed many amorous fauours at this feast which the Queene perceiuing grew very iealous and euer after vsed the Ladie vnkindly and rigorously by reason whereof the King shewed himselfe strange to her and appoynted her a Court and trayne apart not suffering her to come neere his Court by two leagues Whereunto the Arch-bishop of Seuille who was well seene and experienced in such businesses did willingly employ his best endeauours in the behalâ—e of Guiomar for whatsoeuer the king did was but fayned and imaginarie shewes who was so farre from beeing offended and displeased with his friends in such affaires as hee was content to spare them his owne wife for the common rumor was that not beeing able to endure that men should esteeme him vnapt for venereall acts which he reputed a great and ignominious disgrace Basenesse of K. Henry the vnable hee dealt with the Queene his wife to receiue Don Bertrand de la Cueua into her bed his base and degenerate mind desiring and consenting that this Knight should lye with her to the end shee might prooue with child by him and so by that meanes suppose an heire to the kingdome in his owne name though vnlawfully begotten by another It was credibly reported that at the first the Queene would by no possible meanes bee drawne to agree and giue her consent to so vile detestable and dishonorable a deede but yet afterwards shee had more neede to haue beene curbed in with raines and bridle then of spurres Now don Bertrand de la Cuena was a gallant and most accomplished Knight in all points belonging to an excellent Courtier and so esteemed and beloued of the King as for his sake because he so valiantly and with such an vndaunted courage defended a passage at the arriuall of an Ambassadour of Brittayne hee builded a Monasterie on the high way from Madrid to Pard which for him was named the Monasterie of Pas. The King the better to couer his owne naturall weaknesse made shew of loue to diuers Gentlewomen in sundry places for before he made loue to Ladie Guiomâ—â— he had professed himselfe seruant to another Ladie named Catherina de Sandouall whom he had oftentimes entertained prâ—â—atly but she not contented with his vaine embraces and beeing desirous to furnish her selfe with a more able Knight shee grew familiarly acquainted with a young Gentleman named Alphonso de Cordoua whom she kept companie with a long time secretly which turned to his destruction for the King hauing notice thereof commanded Alphonso to be beheaded at Medina del campo In this sort did this King behaue himselfe in his most priuate affaires giuing occasion to all men to speake euill and vncharitably of him which beeing reported vnto him hee entred into distrust and hatred against the great persons of his Realme and oftentimes for sleight occasions he would rayse great troubles And not beeing pleased that Don Diego Hurtado de Mendoça Marquis of Santillana should hold the cittie of Guadalajara where hee did not onely commaund the towne and castle as Gouernour both in matters of State and warre but also had authoritie and preheminence to bestow publike Offices hee caused him to bee taken by the Commander Iohn Fernandes Galindo who entred into the towne with sixe hundred men at armes by meanes of intelligence that he had with one of the Marquis his Captaines called Alphonso de Gaona who was corrupted with money and the Marquis was compelled to leaue that Gouernement to the Kings dispose hauing giuen him no iust nor lawfull cause of offence or iniurie and so hee retired and with-drew himselfe to Hita Soone after the King and the Queene came thither and left Alphonso de Gaona Gouernour there Don Iohn the second of that name and the eighteenth King of Arragon WHilest these affaires continued in Castile the King Don Iohn of Nauarre took quiet possession of the kingdome of Arragon Nauaâ—re and Arragon fallen vnto him by the death of his brother vnto whome came Ambassadours from the Prince Don Charles his sonne to beseech him that all faults past might be forgotten and that it might please him to receiue him into grace and fauour the which request the father easily graunted for he was very kind and gentle to his children but especially to the Prince Don Charles who beeing daily sollicited by those of the faction of Beaumont who continued and maintayned the warres in certaine sorts and strong holds in Nauarre not beeing able without him to bring their businesse to effect hee desired to returne into Spayne either to helpe them to make their peace or to defend them by force of armes Hauing then had a pleasing answer from the King his father hee departed that yeare 1459. from Sicill beeing accompanied with a great number of Sicillian Lords and Gentlemen and landed at Barcelona where beeing welcommed and receiued with great pompe Agreement betweene the King D. Iohn of Arragon his sonne Don Charles magnificence and honour by the Barcelonois hee dealt so wisely that for his sake the King pardoned those of Beaumont and declared that his pleasure was that all former matters of what kind soeuer should be buried in perpetuall obliuion those of Cattelogna beeing sureties for the sonnes faith and obedience to his father and for the fathers loue and good-will to his sonne This reconciliation beeing made to the great ioy and contentment of the whole kingdom the King D. Iohn knowing himself to be a mightie Prince thought vpon fit and conuenient meanes how to recouer his lands which were confiscate in Castile for the effecting whereof hee entred into league and confederacie with Don Alphonso King of Portugall and agreed vppon a marriage betweene the Prince his sonne and the Ladie Catherine of Portugall New desseignes to troble Castil sister to King Alphonso and to Donna Ioane Queene of Castile into the which league entred Don Alphonso Carillo Arch-bishop of Toledo the Admirall Don Frederic father-in-law to King Iohn Don Pedro Giron Master of Calatraua and all the Manriques of Castile with others whereof when the king of Castile Don Henry had notice by the aduertisement of D. 〈◊〉 de Fonfeca Arch-bishop of Seuill he was aduised by his councell to send the bishop of Cité Rodrigo and Diego de Ribera Ambassadours into Arragon vnder pretence of congratulating in his name the welcome-home of Prince Charles and his reconcilement with the king his father but they had commission to deale vnder-hand secretly with Prince Charles to offer him all friendship
some others the fortunate Infant Pride hinders the Infant Don Henry from his preferment in Castil was very proud the which hee shewed in Castile before his time which did greatly hinder his aduancement in that Kingdome Hee with his mother Donna Beatrice Pimentell Aunt to the Earle of Benauent arriued at Requegna from whence afterward the King hauing furnished them with all things necessary for their calling and place which they held the Maister of Saint Iames caused them to come to the Castle of Garcy Nugnos sending two of his Gentlemen to accompany them thither During the time that this Don Henry remayned there sundry Lords and Knights came to visit him diuers of whome because they would bee reputed ciuill and curteous offered to kisse his hand thinking that hee would not haue suffered it but hee keeping a great grauity presented his hand freely vnto them but one amongst the rest taking him by the hand sayd to him in derision my Lord you haue a very faire hand and so without kissing it let goe his hold whereat D. Henry was much offended The Maister of Saint Iames remayned at that time in Madrill being discontented with an accident hapned at Segobia Hee had sundry times solicited the king to commit the Castle and gates of the citty to his keeping alleadging that in that place Queene Ioane and her daughter might lodge more safely then any where else and that he should by no meanes giue the charge thereof to Andrew de Cabrera because he was assured that Beatrice of Bouadilla his wife was drawne to the Princesse party and besides that he being a Cattelan was an affectionate seruant to Prince Fernand all which was very true The King yeelded to the Maisters request Enterprise of the Maister of Saint Iames against Andrew de Cabrera captaine of the castle of Segobia But Andrew de Cabrera refused to dispossesse himselfe of the castle whereat the Maister beeing highly offended practised his ruine and thought to effect it by this practise He casued Diego Tapia and certaine other Gentlemen to come into the city giuing them charge to stirre vp the people whom he knew to be desirous to fall vpon the new conuerted Christians and to spoile them of their goods as they of Cordoua and other places of Andaluzia had lately done and they appointed that during the tumult some band of souldiars should force the Kings house and take both him and Andrew de Cabrera his Steward to make him deliuer vp the castle Diego de Tapia needed not to vse much labour to stirre vp the people who were ouermuch addicted to mischiefe wherefore it was concluded that at the ringing of a larum bell in the Church of Saint Peter de los Picos they should assaile the city in fiue sundry places on a sunday after dinner namely in the quarter of Saint Olalla in that of Saint Colomba Saint Martin Saint Iohn and that of Saint Michael appointing a squadron to goe vp and downe and to discouer in euery place of the city But it was the will of God that this complot came to the knowledge of the Legat who lay then at Guadalajara who forth-with reuealed it to the King the King sent word thereof to Andrew de Cabrera captaine of the sort to the end he should stand vpon his gard preuent this danger in the city Cabrera hauing secretly armed many souldiars and all the Conuerts which were fit to beare arms did so preuent his enemies as he slew and defeated most of them and Diego Tapia was shot through the body with an arrow The Maister hauing failed in his enterprise The Maister of Saint Iames failes of his purpose and fearing least some euill might betide him departed the same night from Segobia and came to the Monastery of Parrall to goe from thence to Madrid the King tooke the paines to come and visit him in the Monastery and vsed all the entreaties that he could to bring him backe but the Maister said vnto him that he had no confidence in Andrew de Cabrera nor his wife and that hee would neuer set foote in Segobia vntill such time as hee were possest of the castle wherefore the King returned to Segobia to pacifie and appease the tumult It is most certaine that the enterprises of the Maister beeing preiudiciall to an other were very dangerous to himselfe for his sonne-in-law the Earle of Benauent still bearing in minde how hee had preuented him of the Maistership of Saint Iames did keepe armed men in his house who were appointed to haue slaine him in that tumult wherefore hee did wisely to goe to Madrid whether neuerthelesse all matters being appeased the King and the whole Court came and namely the Earle of Benauent and thither were also brought the Queene and D. Ioane her daughter At Madrid there arriued a messenger from the Pope who aduertized the King that D. Pero Gonçal de Mendoza D. Pero Gonsal de Mendosa Cardinal of Spaine Bishop of Siguença was created Cardinall of the title of holy Crosse the which did greatly please the King who commanded him to be called the Cardinall of Spaine the which title hee vsed during his life and receiued many honors of King Henry In these times beganne the Order of the Religious of Saint Francis of Paul who was a Calabrian borne at a place called Paul who was drawne into France by King Lewis the eleuenth and died at Tours his Order called the Minims of Saint Francis was approued by Pope Sixtus this yeere 1473. and afterwards at the request of King Francis the first An. 1473. Order of Saint Francis of Paul of Queene Claude his wife and of Donna Louise of Sauoy his mother the Author was canonized by Pope Leo the tenth in the yeere 1529. of this Religious Order there are many Monasteries in Spaine diuided into two Prouinces King Henry beeing desirous to consumate the marriage betwixt Donna Ioane and his cousin the Infant Don Henry tooke councell therevpon of the Bishop of Siguença chosen Cardinall and of others of his councell and caused the Infant with his mother to come to Xetafa betwixt which place and Madrid he did see them and would willingly haue brought them to Madrid but the Maister of Saint Iames who did not allow of this marriage delt in such sort as they came not thither afterward the king hauing sounded the maister concerning this match Mariage of D. Ioane supposed daughter of Henry of Arragon broken by the Maister of S. Iames. hee did openly diswade him from it saying that he ought not to marry his daughter to any other then to a King or a mighty Prince and that if he were determined to giue her to Don Henry it behooued him then to leuie men of warre and to appoint for their pay more then twenty millions of Marauedis the King who had treasures in the Castle of Segobia said that hee would not want money and therefore hee sent the Maister and the
skill yet all this was to small purpose and without the assistance of Alphonso de Quintanilla hee was at the point to haue giuen ouer all Quintanilla hauing brought him to his house and well sounded him gaue him accesse to the Cardinall of Spaine and after that to diuerse of the Kings speciall fauourites by whose meanes hee was sundry times heard discourse in so much as his speech beganne to please and the Kings promised him ayde and employment for the discouerie of a new world so soone as the warres of Granado were ended In this manner Colombus full of hope and courage did constantly pursue for the space of sixe whole yeares the effects of the Kings promise till at last it was performed Qualities of Christopher Colombus Hee was a man firme and constant in what hee vndertooke strong and able in trauaile seuere and chollerick bigge of limbes and stature redde faced and full of pimples The Court lying at Salamanca the Kings caused the Court of Chancerie to remooue from Vailliodolit into their owne pallace there which was the Bishops house to the end they might be eye witnesses after what manner they ended suites and did administer iustice in regard many complaints were made of them And beeing aduertised that the Marshall Don Pero d' Ayala had caused a Scriueners head to be cut off Princesse core full of iustice who was one of his tenants for giuing his mother Donna Maria with whom hee was at strife a coppie of his fathers will they sent to take him prisoner and to seize vpon his goods When he was brought to Court the Constable who was allyed vnto him for hee had married a Neece of his daughter to the Earle of Miranda would haue departed saying that he would not be present at the iudgement of one so neere vnto him but the Queene assuring the Constable that the Marshall should not bee touched neither in life nor member stayed him there The controuersie betwixt the mother and the sonne was referred to the Kings Councell as also the difference betwixt the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Earle of Alua de Lista about the Earledome of Niebla which the Earle said did belong vnto him in right of his mother which controuersie remaynes at this day vndecided The countrey of Biscay beeing at this time somewhat troubled in regard the Kings Officers did seeme to incroach vppon their priuiledges the Licenciate Garcy Lopes of Chincilla Bishops banishea from Biscay one of the Kings Councell was sent thither who did iustice and reformed many matters but he could neuer obtaine of the people that the Bishops should come into the countrey to visit the Churches who sayd that it was against their priuiledges In regard of the warre against the Moores great leauies of souldiers were made as well in Biscay Alaua Guipuscoa Asturia's as Gallicia who marched into Andalusia towards Cordoua The state of the Moores Moores which was the other day vnited became on a sudden diuided it beeing an impossible matter for two Soueraignes to commaund in one country King Muley Boabdellin el Zagal which possessed the cittie of Granado with a great part of the countrie began a fresh to poursue his Nephew Mahomet the Little putting all those Moores to death which tooke his part confiscating the goods of such as he could catch and he laboured by all meanes to procure King Mahomets death by poyson or otherwise who after the taking of Loxa had withdrawne himselfe into the towne of Velez the white To that place there came to him a very dangerous Ambassage from his vnde Muley fayning to treate of peace and concord with too great submissions the better to disguise his intent which was to kill Mahomet and the Ambassadours had expresse charge so to do who brought him some poysoned presents to the end that if they fayled in the execution of the one yet the other might take effect King Mahumet beeing aduertised by his friends of the Ambassadours intents would by no meanes heare or see them nor yet receiue their gifts but sent them word to tell his Vncle Muley Boabdellin that he was sufficiently warned of his proceedings and that he would accept of no other conditions from him but onely to throw him out of the royall throne of Granado which was his true inheritance and did in no sort belong vnto him who was a tyrant and a murtherer of the Princes of his bloud for the which he did hope shortly to chastise him and to cut off his head Now was King Mahomet ayded and assisted by the commandement of the kings of Castile by Iohn de Benauides Gouernour of Lorcia and by Don Frederick of Toledo Gouernor of the new-conquered countreys and other Christian Captaines who did often enter into the lands and territories of Granado and were sundrie times constrayned to beate backe the enemies and to defend their owne gouernements from their inuasions This assistance notwithstanding King Mahomet the Little was euill intreated by the contrarie partie Rosh enterprise of K. Mahumet the Little dispossessed almost of all and brought into despayre by which he was driuen to a marueilous hazard either to lose all or winne all for hee went secretly to Granado not hauing any intelligence there and arriuing in the night at the gate of the Albaycin he called to the guards by whom he was knowne and brought in hauing but foure or fiue men in his company there he assembled diuers of the inhabitants of the Albaycin and did so well lay open the tyrannies and wrongs which King Muley his Vncle had done to him and did so perswade them by forcible reasons to fauour his right to the Crowne of Granado as euery one beeing mooued with pitty towards him and rage against the tyrant Great sedition in Granado did take armes in his behalfe and raised a great tumult in the Citty crying out that Mahomet was lawfull King In the morning King Muley Boabdelin who lay in the Forte of Alhambra vnderstanding that his Nephew had seazed on the Albaycin caused his people to arme themselues and came forth into the Citty where hee likewise had many partakers where this cursed nation made such hauock and spoile one vpon an other as imagining the streetes not to bee spacious enough for their furie they went forth into the fields and fought a fierce combate wherein dyed multitudes of men and then returning euery one into his owne Forte they renewed the skirmishes and assaults a fresh but Mahomet the little perceiuing his party to be the weaker hee sent to Don Frederick de Toledo eldest sonne to the Duke of Alua who was Generall of the Christians in the next garrisons to entreate ayde and succour from him Don Frederick who was wise and discreet gathered together all the forces hee could and came neere to Granada but would by no meanes enter into it to meete whom King Mahomet sent a Moore Captaine named Aben-Comix with certaine troopes of horse hee himselfe
then came and died in Spaine in the towne of Cigales neere to Vailledolit in the yeare 1558 and lyes in the monasterie of S. Benedict of Vailledolit 3 Whilest that the Queen D. Isabella liued they did still practise some meanes of peace betwixt France and Spaine and to this end the kings of Castille and Arragon had their embassadors in the French kings Court making shew that they would restore king Frederic to his realme of Naples or giue it to D. Ferdinand duke of Calabria his eldest sonne who was resident if Spaine but it was not credible for that is not the custome in our age to giue away kingdomes which they doe quietly enjoy especially hauing gotten it with so great charge neither did he any thing But the yeare of her decease there was a peace concluded betwixt the Emperor Maxmilian and his sonne Philip and king Lewis by the which it was the third time agreed That prince Charles of Austria should mariâ— Claude of France with the consent of the princes and noblemen of France by the kings commaundement and namely of Francis duke of Angoulesme who was next in degree to the Crowne It was also concluded That the Emperor Maximilian should grant the inuestiture of the duchie of Milan to king Lewis for him and his heires and successors males and for want of males to his daughter and to her future spouse prince Charles who dying before the consummation of the mariage she should be giuen in mariage to the Infant D. Ferdinand his brother and they their descendants should enjoy the said duchie of Milan For the expedition of which priuiledge and donation king Lewis should pay vnto the Emperor 70000. ducats vpon the deliuerie of the letters and the like summe six moneths after and euery yere vpon new-yeares day a paire of gilt spurs in signe of honor Betwixt the Pope the Emperour king Philip his Sonne and the French king there was a league made against the Venetians League made against the Venetians to recouer the townes and Lands which either of these Princes pretended to belong vnto him and had beene vsurped by this Common-weale into which league Ferdinand king of Arragon might enter if he pleased and there was not any mention made of the realme of Naples in expectation whereof king Fredederic ended his daies that yeare 1505. at Tours Peace betwixt France and Spaine That yeare the truce betwixt D. Ferdinand king of Arragon and the French king was conuerted to a peace vpon condition that king Ferdinand should marry Germaine the kings neece daughter to his sister and to Iohn of Foix and of Nauarre Vicount of Narbone which Lady was allyed to King Ferdinand in the third degree the Vicont of Narbone being borne of queene Leonora of Nauarre his Sister by reason of which consanguinity they had a dispensation from the Pope Treatie of marriage betwixt Ferdinand and the Lady Germaine of Foix. and in consideration of this marriage it was agreed that the part which the French king might pretend in the realme of Naples should stand in stead of a dowrie for his Neece the future queene of Arragon vpon condition that the king D. Ferdinand should pay vnto the French king seuen hundred thousand ducats for the charges hee had beene at in the warre of Naples and moreouer should indowe his spouse with three hundred thousand ducats and in regard thereof a peace being concluded the Noblemen and Barons of the Realme that were prisoners in the Spaniards hands should be deliuered and the banished men restored to their estates all confiscations being void That queene Germaine dying without children before the king D. Ferdinand her dowrie should remaine to him but if she suruiued and had no children it should returne to the crown of France That king Ferdinand shold be bound to assist Gaston of Foix brother to his future spouse to conquer the realme of Nauarre which he pretended to belong vnto him and not to queene Katherine his cousin That the French King should giue leaue to queene Elizabeth widowe to King Frederit to retyre into Spaine with two children which shee had in France to whome the King D. Ferdinand should giue honest meanes to liue and if she should refuse to goe that the French king should not giue any entertainment to her nor her children That for a stronger bond of peace and assurance of the two realmes the king of Spaine should be bound to aide him of France with two thousand light Horse three hundred men at armes and sixe thousand foot the French king him of Spaine with a thousand â— ances and sixe thousand foot in their warres The king of England was caution for both of them for this peace whereunto and to the marriage king Ferdinand did easily incline to quiet his minde in regard of the realme of Naples being also aduertised that his sonne in law king Philip contemning the will and testament of queene Isabell his mother in Lawe did not meane that hee should gouerne the realme of Castille Isabel widow to Frederic of Naples chased out of France The widow queene of Naples being chased out of France according to the accord she desired rather to retyre to Ferara vnder the protection of Duke Alfonso of Esse then to go into Spaine fearing it may be that king Ferdinand would put her children to death that there might not be any to pretend to the realme of Naples King Ferdinand hauing remained most part of the yeare at Segobia and hunting at Cerezuela hee came to salamanca there to spend the remainder in which yeare there dyed many great men of Spaine Death of many Gentlemen in Spaine D. Alfonso of Fonseca Bishop of Osma to whome there succeedded an ignorant and visaious prelate base Sonne to the Admirall D. Frederic Henriques called D. Alfonso Henriques borne of a slaue of which promotion the king did often repent him and was much blamed for it by other Prelates namely of frier Anthonie de la Pegna who preached before him There dyed also D. Pero Aluares Osorio Marquesse of Astorga who left for successor his Sonne D. Aluar Peres Osorio D. Gomes Suarez of Figueroa Earle of Feria to whome succeeded Don Laurence Suares of Figueroa his Sonne who hauing marryed D. Katherine of Cordoua eldest Daughter to D. Pedro of Cordoua and neece to the great Captaine came by her â—ight to bee Marquesse of Pâ—lego D. Alfonso of Fonseca Lord of Coca and Alacxos and D. Francisco of Velasco Earle of Siruela D. Hurtado of Mendosa gouernour of Casorla brother to the deceased Cardinall D. Pero Gonsales of Mendâ—ca did also end their daies this yeare The plague did also carry away infinite numbers of people in the citie of Burgos so as it was in a manner left desolate 4 In the yeare 1506 1506 vpon the controuersie growen betwixt the two kings father in lawe and sonne Difference betwixt D. FerdinaÌ„d king of Arragon and D. Philip and D.
did not chase him away the which they did with the helpe which Horusco Barberousse gaue them To couer his designe which was to subdue them he counselled them to draw a nephew of the kings whom they had chased away out of prison hauing beene long kept in yrons by him and to make him king the which they had a will to effect But this tyrant seeing them to proceed slowly and hee impatient and blinded with ambition slue this young prince and sought to seise vpon the citie in despight of the inhabitants whereof he slue many of the principals which was his ruine for the dispossessed king was called home and had meanes to recouer his kingdome with the forces of Spaine which he obtained easily He pursued his aduersarie so as he forced him to flie into the mountaine of Abez vpon the confines of Bugia to shut himselfe in a castle where being besieged necessitie forced him forth to fight where he was vanquished slain and his head caried to Tremessen froÌ„ thence into Spaine to the great contentment of the Moores and Spaniards for he was a subtile and dangerous enemie Pride growing through prosperitie ruined him But Haradin gouerned himselfe more discreetly and did manage his fortune with more honour Thus we see that those which hazard themselues in daungerous enterprises doe most commonly miscarrie and make such as follow after them wise by their rashnesse to whom they haue made the way Haradin by the death of his brother remaining lord of Alger one of the best ports of all Africke he was no more held a pyrat but a prince and withall a great captaine at sea so as Sultan Solyman Emperour of Constantinople made his Bassa and his Admirall with whose incomparable forces he made himselfe a terrour to all the countries of Europe Asia and Africke which lay vpon the sea where hauing taken infinit booties and spoyled many townes in the end he made himselfe master of the citie and realme of Tunes in the yeare 1535 by this occasion A little before there had raigned in Tunes Mahomet Abdul Hedi stemme of the last king of Tunes descended from Abdul Hedi who was a Moore of Andaluzia borne at Seuile he was wise and discreet and being made by the king of Marroc gouernour of the citie of Tunes which had rebelled and had beene taken againe and punished he following the example of many others had made himselfe lord of his gouernement when as after the battell of Muradat in Spaine woon by the Christians there was a generall reuolt in Africke against the Almohades Emperours and great Miralmumins of the Moores and Alarabes at Marroc This Mahomet issued from this race had had many children by many wiues who seeing himselfe old and desirous to prouide a successor to his realme after his owne humor for certaine considerations he made choyce of the youngest of all called Hascen whom hee had by an Arabian woman called Gezia and would haue him succeed him to the Crowne It is this Muley Hascen for whose restitution the Emperour was persuaded to lead an armie into Africke This jealous prince was no sooner seated in the royall throne but he put Mamon his elder brother to death and after dispatcht all his other brethren and kinsmen these be the fruits of Polygamie in the followers of Mahomet their Prophet Arraxide onely escaped and fled to Bixacara a towne of Numidia where with the aid of certaine Xecques or lords Numidians hee gathered some forces together to inuade Muley Hascen but it was in vaine wherefore he had recourse to Haradin Barberousse king of Alger who hauing receiued him courteously aduised him to go with him to Constantinople to informe the great Turke of his misfortunes promising to present him vnto him and to doe him all fauour and good offices Being come to Solymans Court Barberousse was presently dispatcht with a good number of gallies well furnished with souldiers to come to Tunes giuing it out that hee carried backe Arraxide to make him king who notwithstanding was stayed at Constantinople Muley Hascen a paracide couetous voluptuous iniurious and a coward amazed at this great preparation of armes which came to assayle him staied not but fled to his kinsmen by the mothers side Ismael and Dorar Alarabas of the linage of Vled Aixa which are a member of Vled Yahaya of those which led a vagabond life in the plaines and desarts of Africke and Numidia a mightie people but disloyall and of no friendship Finding not such succours there as he expected he followed the aduice of a Genouois renegado called Ximaa which was to imploreayd of the Emperor Charles and this Genouois was he which made a voyage into Spaine who could so persuade the Emperour and season his request with liuelie reasons and infinit promises as he obtained that which he pretended which was To persuade the Emperor and his counsel that it was both profitable and necessarie for him to restore Muley Hascen to his realm Euery one weighing the importance of this businesse and foreseeing how it might prejudice Italie and Spaine if the Turkes which did alreadie hold many ports vpon the coast of Barbarie should set footing into Tunes a great and mightie citie fit for the situation which is neere vnto the ruines of old Carthage sometimes concurring in power with the Romans to make ordinarie and prejudiciall impressions in that State Barberousse who had found the place void of souldiers or Commander did easily seise vpon the towne castle and fort of Goulette which stands on the entrie of the lake which the Sea makes there 1535 But hee did not thinke the Christians had taken this so ill as hee found by experience and therefore hee was not so carefull to prouide all things necessarie to preserue such a conquest against the power which the emperor brought who as soone as this honorable enterprise was concluded hee did aduertise all Christian princes and inuited them to contribute men money and ships to this warre whether hee would goe in person The rendesâ—vous was appointed at the port of Cailleri in Sardynia Forces of the Emperour at his going to Tunes whether the emperour came with the galleys of Spain those of Genoua and the particular galleys of Andrew Doria D. Iohn king of Portugal sent him twenty galleys and one great gallion vnder the command of D. Lewis his Brother The Pope armed nine galleys at Genoua at his owne charge of the which Paul Iustinian had the command and Virgilio Vrsino earle of Anguilare had the leading of the soldiers that were in them And hee suffered him to leuie the tenths of the Clergie of Spaine The knights of Malta sent foure galleys All which ioyned at Cailleri where before the emperors comming there arriued the royall galleys of Naples and Sicile with many galliots and foists armed by the noblemen of Naples and Sicile at their owne charge in which the Marques of Guast was traÌ„sported with the old Spanish souldiers which
a reputation to be valiant among the Xeques and Alcaides of the realme and vpon this opinion they had charge giuen them of some troupe or cornet of horse at their instance vnder colour of religion saying that it was to make warre against certaine Moores and Africans which went to serue the king of Portugal and did annoy the other Mahometanes of their sect Muley Nacer brother to the king of Fez was very vnwilling they should haue this Commission giuen them saying that by the like practises and vnder a cloake of holinesse the families of Isdris Magaracs Almoranides and Almohades had raigned in Afrike and ruined the auncient royall houses Yet they had commission to leuie men and proued famous captaines in a short time for hauing for a time ouerrunne the prouinces of Duquele and others where the Portugals had some forts and done many gallant exploits they past into that of Sus which depends vpon Marroc whither their fame was spred and beeing there visited by many Moores and Africans of those marches liuing then in libertie without any king and who beleeued that their designe was to make warre against the Christians which did hold the coasts of Afrike vnder the kings D. Iohn the second and D. Emanuel of Portugal and the townes of Ceuta Tangir Arzille Alcasar Ceguer Azamor Mazagon Saphi and Cap d' Aguer farther off the castle of Arquin they had presently a great troupe especially for that king Emanuel entertained many Moores and naturall Africans Emanuel king of Portugal fortified by Moores so as that Christian king might at sometimes haue drawne into armes of those nations aboue fiftie thousand horse and twice as many foot Vnder the name of this religious warre the Xeriffes became strong and fearefull in the field and in fauour thereof they did obtaine of the inhabitants of the prouince of Dara in Numidia where they were borne the tenthes of their reuenues for vnto God said they the tenths of the fruits of the earth are due by auncient constitutions The citie of Turedant which is a seat royall and in olde time was the third member of the Miralmumins estate did not onely receiue this impost willingly but they also persuaded the other Westerne Prouinces to doe the like and to choose for their gouernour the old Mahomet Ben Hamet the father of these two Xeriffes Hamet and Mahomet Xeriffe makes himselfe master of Turedant by reason whereof he made himselfe master of Turedant made sharpe warres against the Moores which held the partie of the Portugals in the prouince of Dara and others A certaine Xec of the towne of Tiguint in the mountaines of Atlas the greater towards the prouince of Sus drew vnto the Xeriffes the people of Hea lying neere vnto him who did contribute the tenthes of their fruits and of the feeding of their cattell and in the end hee put them in possession of the towne of Tenest which is the chiefe of that prouince of Hea one of the best of Afrike and then they called themselues princes by the practises of this Xec who was a Genouois renegado But they were expelled by Nugno Fernandes of Atayde a Portugal who forced them to retire to Tazarot a towne of the iurisdiction of Marroc and in the meane time old Mahomet Ben Hamet the Xeriffe died His three sonnes continuing their enterprises besieged the towne of Alquel and tooke it from a Xec called Cidi Bugima Africain vassall to the king of Portugal and then they seized vpon the castle of the mountaine of Xanxaua the which they fortified and were continually assisted by the Lords townes and comminalties of that Westerne quarter of Afrike in regard of this holy warre After which they got more reputation hauing incountred and taken D. Lope de Barriga gouernour of Asafi who was the most redoubted captaine king Emanuel had in Afrike Notwithstanding Abdelquibir the eldest of the Xeriffes was slaine in this conflict The two others continuing their designes made themselues masters of Marroc a goodly great citie and chiefe of the realme by a notable treason practised against Nacer Buxentuf of the race of the Hententats who was king but hee held nothing in a manner but the very towne for all the dependancies were at that time held by pettie tyrans and the champane countrie by the Alarabes who in that countrie doe commonly hold Lords towns yea and kings in subiection This Nacer hauing often receiued the Xeriffes very kindly into Marroc Xeriffes seize vpon Marroc by treason and vsed them with all honour and courtesie hee was one a time poysoned by their fraud going forth to flie at the Heron with him They had suborned a certaine Moore who crossed these noble men in their way as they returned from hawking hauing a cake in his basket made of flower and sugar that was poysoned who seeming to go on his way like a traueller he was staid by the Xeriffes who demaunded of him what hee carried in his basket and if he had not something good to eate or to mingle with water to disalter the king who was there present whereupon this Moore drewe out his cake and presented it vnto the king who did eate thereof and dranke the water into the which he had steept it whereof he did not presently complaine but beeing come to Marroc he fell sicke and died within 6 daies In the meane time Mahomet knowing what would happen went to Xanxaua to fetch his forces to second his brother Hamet as they had agreed who by the meanes of some confederates which vnder other pretexts were then at Marroc seized vpon the castle euen as his brother arriued with his troupes and made himselfe to be acknowledged for king of the Marroquins and seeming with a counterfeit modestie to be very much grieued for the accident which had befallen king Nacet as a thing said he practised by some of his enemies vnknowne to him he said that his election was a blessing of heauen the which must follow seeking to pacifie the children of the deceased promising them honours and estates at their desires Then he sent to aduertise the King of Fez that hee had beene created King of Marroc and that hee would hold the citie of him and sending him certaine presents accompanied with submissions and promises he rested satisfied Thus he got the possession of Marroc and of the rights of that realme the iurisdictions whereof extend farre towards the South which as wee haue said were distracted by the vsurpations of pettie Lords and many townes also had infranchised themselues gouerning themselues like common weales but they reduced them to their old obedience The warres against the Christians and Moores which did adhere vnto them beeing the chiefe support of their authoritie and credit with the people they continued it and had diuers incounters with the Portugals but that wherein they did labour more curiously and wherein they were most fortunate for the setling of their greatnesse was to practise the Moores
armes captaines souldiers victuals ships and all other things necessary for the warre yet said hee all was of no moment wanting money which giues forme and essence to all enterprizes for that the crowne of England not onely by the small reuenues but also by the superfluity of their ordinary expences is growne into that want as they are not able to vndergoe any royall enterprise hauing scarce meanes to entertaine themselues for he that doth arrogate to much to his owne force and ouer-chargeth himselfe with warre is the instrument of his owne ruine Hauing hetherto shewed that it is easie for the Catholike King to inuade England in regard of it I will proue the facility thereof with greater reasons in regard of the Catholike Kings forces The first is the great power of the King of Spaine whose dominions doe imbrace the whole diameter of the globe and is Lord of more land then any Monarke or state in the world did euer hold A Prince rich in armes souldiars captaine shipping victuals and all other necessaty prouisions for warre A Prince who as Iudge and moderator seemes to gouerne the reines of the Empire of the sea and land The second is for the great nauy which hee hath ready which is not onely that which of late yeeres made the enterprise of Portugall but 150. more which hee hath gotten in that Kingdome which ioyned with the rest will breed admiration in all men and seeme to fill the sea with their multitudes The third that besides these ships and those which hee may haue in Biscay as faithfull to the crowne as expert in nauigation besides the ships of priuat men which his Maiesty hath in a readinesse he shall receiue no small seruice from his gallies who in the action of Portugall discouered our error in thinking that they were not of any vse in the Ocean sea at any time as if that sea were not calme in Sommer and that it were neuer to be failed in so as there is no doubt but our gallies may safely aduenture in those seas the three monthes in Sommer They that obiect Caesars wrack in the Brittish seas doe not remember that he himselfe doth not impute it to the sea but to the Moone which not only in the Ocean but in all other seas doth shew her power as the Meteoroligikes and experience doe teath The fourth that the Catholike King being Lord at sea by reason of his great fleet he will at the same instant bee Lord at land For hauing sufficient forces to vanquish the defences of the Island he shal with ease land his men and ouer-run the Island with his victorious armes for such is the condition of that Island that as soone as an enemy is entred and his army orderly lodged hee may cut off their victuals and famish the Islanders Fifthly for that by sea King Philip shall haue the fauor of them of Ireland who haue securely shewed themselues to adhere vnto him and by land there is no man doubts said he but that Scotland will assist him in his deseignes with all her meanes The sixth in order but the first to be considered is the Iustice and honesty of the cause the which carries so honorable a title as the defence of religion and the Catholike faith as nothing shal be able to hinder it yea his Maiesties pretensions said he are such to that realme and such is the duty which hee owes vnto the name which he carries of Catholike as there is no enterprise more due to him then this whereby he shal not only take possession of a realme which is his due but also hee shal purchase vnto himselfe immortall glory aboue all other Kings adding so rich and famous a Kingdom to that of Spaine The seuenth is the commodity of the passage knowing how short a cut it is from the Streight of Gibraltar to the Island and what great commodities grow by expedition and the ease of transportation of victuals soldiers artillery munition and al other prouision necessary for the enterprise The eight if King Philip makes warre against his enemy at his owne doores he shal fill England with feare and amazement and the approching danger will trouble all their counsels There is nothing more terrible then to see the sword that must be the murtherer of them and theirs The ninth for that said he his Catholike Maiesty had many partisans in that Island it importing much to haue some that fauor him among his enemies And to proue that he hath some at his deuotion in that Island I wil produce three reasons First the remembrance of his clemency which remaines yet in the hearts of those people and of his curtesie hauing sometimes gouerned them as their lawful Prince with so great satisfaction to them al in general as any other gouernment in respect of his should seeme tyranous The second reason is that of religion knowing that there are many in this Island which adhere to the Church of Rome The third is the riches of King Philip who in his large dominions hath so many commanderies pensions offices and rents to aduance men that shal deserue wel as it wil be easie for him to draw the hearts of the English vnto him Hauing thus shewed the reasons why the Catholike King should rather inuade England then the Low countries and with what facility it is to be performed I will said he to the end that nothing shal remaine vnsatisfied make answere to an ordinary obiection which is made by many vpon this subiect which is that the king of Spaine making an attempt against England he shal reuiue the emulation which hath beene betwixt him and the house of France which fire lying now smothered vnder the ashes of peace may kindle a great warre for if the French should remaine as spactators of this tragedy of England it might in the end turne to the preiudice of France whereby they conclude that the Christian King should be forced to ioyne with England least that hauing conquered that Island he should afterwards turne his forces vpon France which obiection notwithstanding he left vnsatisfied During this great preparation of three yeeres in Spaine which held all Europe in suspence the King of Spaine caused an ouerture of a peace to be made vnto the Queene of England onely as it seemed to abuse her with the imagination of a treaty and to make her neglect the defence of her realme who imbraced this proposition and sought to draw the vnited Prouinces into this treaty which they absolutly refused Notwithstanding the Queene desirous of a peace sent her Commissioners in February 1588. to Ostend and in March following there came others to Bruges from the Duke of Parma to treat with them in the King of Spaines name who these Commissionars were and what the successe of that treaty was I leaue to the Netherland History beeing but a fained shew of the Spaniard to winne time and to find England vnprouided the Queene of England seeing the
in Spaine of a great army preparing in England to send into Portugall Prouision for defence of Portugal for the restoring of Don Antonio wherevpon the King made prouision for the defence thereof sending the Earle of Fuentes for Generall into Portugall with good troupes hee augmented the number of their horse giuing the charge to D. Alphonso Vargas he made D. Francis de Padiglia Camp-master General Andreas d' Alua Pouruoier and Iohn Maldonado Auditor The prouisions for this enterprise beeing made Voiage of Portugal they went from Plimouth in Aprill Sir Iohn Norris and Sir Francis Drake being Generalls they had with them sixe of the Queenes twenty ships of warre and as some write a hundred and forty for transportation hauing when they tooke shipping a eleuen thousand souldiers and two thousand fiue hundred marriners within sixe daies after their departure from England being the twentith day of Aprill the army landed in a bay within a mile off the Groine without impeach from whence they marched presently towards the towne approching within halfe a mile they were incountred by the enemy who beeing charged retired to their gates and then the Generall lodged the army in the villages and houses thereabouts Generall Norris hauing viewed the towne before daie resolued for to attempt it by scaladoe and to land some Artillerie to beate the shippes and gallies which did play vpon their troupes Groine the base towne surprized the which was effectually performed so as the Gallies were forced presently to abandon the roade and goe to Farrol and then they prepared with all speed to surprize the base towne the which was done the next day after they entring it in three seuerall places where after good resistance in one place they were forced to abandon it they all retyring into the high towne the which they might easily doe for that the English knew not their passages The rest that were not put to the sword in the fury fled to the rockes in the Island where they did hide themselues in caues whereas many were daily found out D. Iohn de Luna a man of great command hauing hidden himselfe in a house came forth the next morning and yeelded himselfe Iohn de Vera a Commissary of the victuals was also taken that night who confessed that at the entry of the English into the towne there were fiue hundred Spainards in seuen companies as it seemed returned weake from the voyage of England all vnder D. Iohn de Luna the captaines names were D. Diego Baçan base sonne to the Marquis of Santa Cruz. D. Antonio de Herera D. Pedro Manriques brother to the Earle of Paredes D. Ieronimo Mouray of the Order of Saint Iohn hee was in the fort D. Gomes de Caruajal captaine Mouçon and Caucasa de Socas And that the day that the English landed there came from Retenzas the companies of D. Iohn de Mosale and of D. Pedro Ponce de Leon. He confessed moreouer that there was order giuen for the baking of 300000. of biscuit that there was two thousand pipes of wine in the towne and a hundred and fifty in the ships That there was lately come 300000. ducats from the Marquis of Seralba That there was a thousand Iarres of oyle with great store of beanes pease wheat and fish That there were three thousand kintals of beefe and not twenty daies before there entred three barkes laden with mach and harguebuses There were some others taken and there were slaine by the common souldiers about fiue hundred At their first entry into the towne the souldiers finding three sellars full of wine distempred themselues so as many beeing drunke were hurt from the high towne and this disorder was the cause of a great mortality which fell in the English army There was aboundance of victuals and prouision for shipping and warre which the Commissary confest to be for a new voyage into England After the taking of the base towne there came some two thousand men out of the country downe to the very gates as resolutly as if they would haue entred but the English that were in gard making head against them they fled away disordredly hauing lost some eighteene of their men The Generall attempted the high towne both by mine and battery and going to the assault the loose rubish vnder their feete failed them so as they could not stand They had diuers men hurt in their retreat and they lost some twenty or thirty vnder the ruines of a tower which fell The day after that the English had offred an assault Succors come to releeue the Groyne the General vnderstood by a prisoner that the Earle of Andrada had gathered an army together of eight thousand men at Puente de Burgos six miles from the towne which was but the beginning of an army there being a greater leauy ready to come vnder the conduct of the Earle of Altemira either to releeue the Groyne or to incampe neere vnto the place where the English should imbarke and to hinder there shipping for to that end the Marquis of Seralba had written vnto them both the first night of their landing as the Commissary had confest or else to stop their passage into the country whether they went daily by troupes and burnt spoiled and tooke great booties The Generall resolued the next day to goe and visit these forces leading nine Regiments with him In the foreward were the regiments of Sir Edward Norrys Master of the Ordinance Sir Roger Williams and Collonel Sydneys In the battaile that of the Generall of Collonel Lane and Collonel Medkerke And in the reereward Sir Henry Norrys Collonel Huntleys and Collonel Brets Regiments leauing the other fiue Regiments with Generall Drake for the garde of the Ordinance Vpon the sixth day of May in the morning they discouered the enemy within halfe a mile off their campe against whom the shot of the foreward skirmished and forced them to retire vnto their bridge which was of stone built vpon Arches ouer a creeke that came from the sea At the foote whereof on the other side the enemy lay verie strongly intrenched who beeing with his shot at the further end of the bridge Sir Edward Norris who ledde the foreward and marched in the head of the pikes past the bridge without any stay at all beeing accompanied by Colonell Sydney Captaine Hinder Captain Fulford and others The way was euen but they must passe thorough a storme of small shot for the bridge was flanked on both sides with their shot at the farther end there was a barricado but they that had it in gard seeing the proud approch of the English Sir Edward Norris nurt forsooke it where Sir Edward Norris entred and charging the first he encountred with his pike ouer-thrusting himselfe hee fell and was sore hurt on the head at the sword but was honorably rescued by the Generall his brother Colonell Sidney and some other Gentlemen Captaine Hinder hauing his cask shot off had fiue wounds in the
within these walles at this instant aboue two thousand fighting men which are strong and able besides which some hauing been sicke and hurt recouer daily the greatest part of these consisting of old Soldiers which fal not but by the sword and those that were new being now both trained to their arms and acquainted with the clymate are more able to endure than at the first our means as good as they haue beene any time these two moneths such as Spaniards can wel indure and able to suffice vs three moneths more wee lodge in good warme houses haue store of munition and which is best of all stand well assured that our succour will be here shortly To bee plaine wee preserue our men and reserue our strength the best we may hoping to front you in a breach which if our hearts faile vs not wee haue hands and brests enow to stop against treble your forces but I wil giue the Viceroy this right that his men are passing good yet spent and tyred with the miseries of a Winter seege which hee hath obstinately maintained beyond my expectation but with such caution and vpon so good gard as hauing nicely watched all aduantages I could neuer fasten a salley yet vpon him but with losse to my selfe wherein I must confesse my hopes were deceiued that grounding vpon some error in his approaches I promised vnto my selfe the defear of at least a thousand men at one blow But when wee meet vpon a breach I am confident vpon good reasons to lay fiue hundred of your best men on the ground and rest hopefull that the losse of those will make a great hole in an army which hath already suffered so much extremity But to conclude our businesse the king my master sent me to assist the Condees Oneale and Odonnel presuming on their promise that I should within few daies after the arriuall of our forces haue ioyned with them I expected them long in vaine sustained the Viceroys armie saw them drawne to the greatest head they could possibly make lodged within two miles of Kinsale fortified with certaine companies of Spaniards euerie houre promising to releeue vs and beeing ioyned together to force your campe At last wee saw them broken with a handful of men and dispersed into diuers parts of the world Odonnel into Spain Oneale into the farthest parts of the North so as now I finde no such Condees in rerum natura as I came to ioine with and therefore haue mooued this accord the rather to disingage the king my master from assisting a people so vnable in thēselues as the whole burthen of the warre must lie vpon him and so prefidious as perhaps they might be drawne in the end to betray him Vpon relation made by Sir William Godolphin to the Lord deputy Councel of these offers made by D. Iohn it was thoght good for many important reason to proceed roundly to an accord there being nothing propounded by him that admitted any exception but that he demanded to carrie away his ordnance 1601 munition treasure which did not so much import as it should breake off the treatie which concerned the common good and safety of the kingdom whereupon a composition was made vpon these articles following 1 That said D. Iohn d' Aguilar shall quit the places which he holds in this kingdome as well the towne of Kinsale Articles of the accord at Kinsale as those which are held by the Spaniards or other souldiers vnder his command in Castell-hauen Baltemore and in the Castell of Beerhauen or other places to the Lord deputie or to whome he shall appoint giuing him safe transportation sufficient shipping and victuals for his said Souldiers with the which the said D. Iohn may passe with them into Spaine if he may at one time if not at two shippings 2 That the Souldiers which are at this present vnder the command of the said D. Iohn in this kingdome shall not beare armes against the Queenes Maiesty of England whensoeuer supplies shall come from Spaine vntill the said Souldiers be vnshipped in some of the Ports of Spaine being sent away as soone as may be by the Lord Deputy as hee promiseth vpon his faith and honour 3 For the accomplishment whereof the Lord deputy offereth to giue free pasport to the said D. Iohn and his army as well Spaniards as other nations whatsoeuer that are vnder his command and that he may depart with his armes munition money ensignes displaied artillerie and any other prouisions for warre or other things both that which is in Castel-hauen Kinsale and other places 4 That they shall haue ships and victuals sufficient for their money after such rates as they vse here to pay That all the Souldiers and the said things may be shipt if it bee possible at one time if not at two and that to bee within the time aboue mentioned 5 That if by contrarie winds or any other accidents there shall come into any of the ports of Ireland or England any of those ships wherein the said Soldiers shall passe they shall bee intreated as friends and may ride safely in the harbour be victualled for their mony shal moreouer haue such things as shal be needful to furnish thē for their voiage 6 That during the time they shall stay for shipping victuals shall be giuen to D. Iohns people at reasonable rates 7 That there shall be cessation of armes of either side security giuen that no wrong be offered to any one 8 That the ships wherein the said Souldiers shall be transported for Spaine may passe safely by any of the queenes Maiesties ships of England and so shal the said Queenes and her subiects by those that shal go from hence and the said ships being ariued in Spaine shall return as soone as they haue vnshipt their men without any impediment giuen thē by his Maiestie or any other person in his name but rather they shall shew them fauour and help them if they need any thing and for securitie thereof they shall deliuer into the Lord deputies hands three Captaines such as he shall chose 9 For assurance of the performance of these articles D. Iohn promiseth that hee will confirme and sweare to accomplish this agreement whereunto some of the captaines vnder his charge shall in like maner sweare 10 That the said D. Iohn shall remain within the realme of Ireland where the Lord deputy shal appoint vntill the last shipping vpon his Lordships word if it happen that his soldiers be shipt all at once the said D. Iohn may go in the same fleet without any let but rather the Lord deputy shall giue him a good ship wherein he may passe and if his men go in two shippings then he shall go in the last 11 And in like maner the said Lord deputy shal confirm sweare the same giue his word in the Q. Maiesties behalf his own to keep accomplish this accord that the chiefe
officers of the camp with the councel of state some nobles shold sweare the like These were the articles of the accord made before Kinsale for the sending the Spaniards out of IrelaÌ„d freeing this kingdoÌ„ from an imminent danger They were signed sworn accordingly on both parts the 2 of Ianuary and the towne yeelded vp on the ninth At such time as the duke of Birons treasons were discouered in France the king of Spain had an army ready to passe at Pont de Gresin Answer made by the French king to the embassador of Spaine vpon the frontiers of Bourgundy vnder color of passing into Flanders but the passages being kept by the marshal Lauerdin Taxis embassador for Spain demaÌ„ded passage of the king beseeching him to think that the king his master had not sought to draw the duke of Biron from his obedience 1602 To whome the king answered you wold haue me belieue that the king your master was not acquainted with the practises which the marshal of Biron had with the Cont Fuentes I tel you that it is impossible his treasure shold haue bin so freely distributed without the consent of his counsel I haue no reason to leaue my frontiers disarmed vntill that all the marshals conspiracy â—e discouered by his processe In the mean time I do not mean to hinder the commerce according to the treaty The Cont of Fuentes not able to dissemble his discontent Earle of Fuentes takes the Marquesate of Finall to see matters fal out so contrary to his designes he dischargeth his rage vpon the marquesse of Final sometimes pretending a donation of the said Marquisate to the king of Spaine when as the Marquesse was verie sicke and sometimes that he should haue a principality in the realm of Naples in exchange but he first seased vpon the place and then published his pretensions Hee sent D. Diego Pimentel his nephue D. Sancho d' Luna with some troups of soldiers who surprised Final hauing corrupted the LaÌ„dskâ—its which were there in garrison with a promise of 16 moneths pay assuring himselfe both of the countrie and Port by a garrison of 200 Spaniards vnder the commaÌ„d of D. Pedro de Toledo Milesimo a place nere vnto it was by the same right purchased by the king of Spain The Marques of Final who is vassall to the emperor made his coÌ„plaints vnto the pope vnto his imperial maiesty but they had no other effect but that he had a pension giueÌ„ him during his life so was forced to yeeld vnto the stranger By this prise the Geneuois did hereafter reap no profit by their Commerce with Spain but what pleased the goâ—ernor of Final Doubtlesse that seruant loues his masters greatnes with passion which doth rauish another mans inheritance without any lawfull cause or precedent wrong neither respecting reason nor equitie nor considering that God is offended with such violences Armie of Spaniards at Sea But king Philip did not limit and bound his hopes with so small a purchase That great leuie which was made at Naples in Sicile in the dutchie of Milan and in many estates of Italy witnessed that his designes flue a higher pitch It was thought they wold either renew the enterprise of Alger or make head against Cigala who they said was comming out of Constantinople with a fleet of 100 saile As the designe was secret so was it not known who should be generall Andrew Doria had demanded leaue to retire himselfe he had been vnfortunat the yeare before therefore he thought the Spaniards wold not willingly imploy him againe The duke of Sauoy seemed willing to accept of this charge if it were offered but it was giuen to D. Iohn de Cordoua who shal be no more fortunate in his enterprises than Doria The chief designs of this army were rather against the Christians than the Turks Moors althogh it were giuen out that the king of Fez had intelligences vpon Alger that he had promised the K. of Spain to make him master therof yet this army did not forsake the sight of Europe some thoght it lay houering to see what wold become of the treasons which were practised in France But want of money some other discommodities made them to giue ouer al attempts for this yere against the Turks These were the opinions of the king of Spains designs withall they added that d' Albigny was gone to Milan to the earle of Fuentes that the marques of Aix had past into Spaine Duke of Sauoie resolues to send his sonnes into Spaine and that the duke of Sauoy was ready to ingage himself wholy to the wil of the couÌ„cel of Spain to whom he did consign his 3 Sons That he had made them knights of his order to prepare theÌ„ for the voyage had sent an extraordinary embassador to Rome to beseech the Pope to send them his blessing There were 8 great gallies made ready this yere at Seuile the which were appointed to be sent into Flanders to the Archduke Gallies sent out of Spain in to the Low countries vnder the command of Frederic Spinola to annoy the coast of England Holland Zeland There were 400 men in either of these gallies besides the slaues and 800 soldiers more which they tooke in passing by Lisbon Two of these gallies called the Trinity the Occasion were sunk by sir Rich Leuison vpoÌ„ the coast of Portugal the rest a while after went on their course towards the low-countries Comming betwixt England France they were first discouered pursued by sir Robert Mansel being then admiral of the queens maiesties ships in those seas who lay there of purpose to attend them he hauing them in chase the States ships which lay in the downs vpon his aduertisement came in in the end the said gallies were defeated some were sunk and the rest made vnseruiceable This great seruice was diuersly reported according to the humors passions of men the Hollanders did challenge all the honor of this action did publish it in print in diuers languages Sir Rob. Mansel finding the state interessed his reputation somewhat blemished by their pamphlets made a true relation of the whole seruice the which he presented vnto the lord admirall vnder whose coÌ„mand he was published it to the view of the world with an offer to maintaine it by any course fit for a gentleman that professed arms And for that the Statesmen haue left their assertioÌ„s recorded in their history haue made the French to write it after the same maner I haue thought good for the better satisfaction of posterity to insert it in this history in the same words and phrase as hee himselfe hath set it down speaking in his own person as followeth On the 23 day of September being in the Hope hauing in my company the Aduantage only of the Q. ships which captain Iones coÌ„manded two other Dutchmen of war I rid
meane than to a lackey for pillaging of that dead bodie which his master had slaine Thus much I haue set downe out of his owne mouth touching the seruice that was done vpon those six gallies of Spaine This yeare there was a new fleet made readie in Spaine 1603 the which bred a jealousie in the French Armie of Spain at sea and made them to stand vpon their gard in Languedoc and Prouence This fleet was readie to set saile the which vnder colour of renewing the enterprise of Alger in Afrike might frame some designe vpon that coast Prince Doria and D. Iohn de Cordoua had beene both vnfortunat in their charges The honour of Christendome made all men wish that this execution might proue more succesfull than the rest But as bad designes do manie times prosper better than good the successe depending commonly on the blindnesse of fortune this enterprise of Alger was no more succesfull than the two former It was managed by a Franciscan Frier called Father Mathew who promised as great glorie vnto himselfe in chasing away those petiâ— kings of Afrike as Aratus had of freeing Sicyonia of tyrans He had negotiated with the king of Cycco who promised that for a certaine summe of money whereof he should receiue fortie thousand crowns in hand not onely to fauour any designe but to declare himselfe openly against the king of Alger and to reduce the towne to what condition they would but there is a great difference betwixt saying and doing And it is a great simplicitie to giue credit to an Infidell seeing that treacherie is inseparable from his soule The Viceroy of Majorca who was Generall in this action and with whom the king of Cycco had promised to joyne approached with foure gallies vpon this assurance and landed about an hundred men Moors treacherous to deliuer fortie thousand crownes vnto the Moores who receiued the money and deliuered the men into the hands of the Viceroy of Alger where the Frier was slain and the Viceroy retiring freed their neighbours from jealousie They of Barcelona who are subiect to the king of Spaine did no lesse apprehend this armie than the Moores they feared that the Catholike king would take their priuiledges from them as hee had done from them of Arragon Passage of the prince of Piedmont into Spain yet the passage of the three princes of Sauoy into Spaine renewed their jealousie in France The duke came with them to Nice where they attended the commoditie of their imbarking the princesse Marguerite his eldest daughter commaunding in Piedmont and from thence they past to Barcelona where they attended the kings pleasure and were entertained with all the honours that might be done vnto princes of that alliance The king of Spaine rejoyced at the dukes resolution and seemed to haue a great desire to see them He sent D. Henriques de Guzman to congratulate their arriuall and to commaund them to take small journeyes by reason of the heat of the season Being come to Court he made prince Victor the dukes second sonne Viceroy of Portugall the which did much content the Portugals to see the fruits of D. Beatrix his great grandmother who was daughter to D. Emanuel king of Portugall and maried to Charles duke of Sauoy The third sonne was afterwards made Archbishop of Toledo and then cardinall The queene of England being dead this yeare King of Spaine sends an embassador into England and the king of Scotland come to the succession of that Crowne the king of Spaine sent D. Iohn Baptista Taxis earle of Villa Mediana his embassadour into England to witnesse vnto the king the great contentment hee receiued by his happie comming to the Crowne who after his first audience of congratulations and ordinarie complements made a speech vnto the king to this effect The king of Spaine my master assuring himselfe to find the same effects and affections of friendship in you being king of England which you haue alwayes made shew of vnto him being king of Scotland Speech of the embassador of Spain to the king of England hath sent me vnto your Maiestie to confirme the sinceritie to desire the continuance and to preserue it by all the proofes of friendship and assistance which he offers you which is the same that many great princes haue desired and could not obtaine and for that it is offered is no lesse necessarie and to be wished for of your Maiestie If the king D. Philip the second of glorious memorie hath attempted any thing against England and queene Elizabeth against the Estates of Spaine it was more vpon some priuat spleene than for any reason of State But one tombe should interre both their bodies and their passions The successours doe inherit the greatnesse and power of their predecessors but they are not tied to their designes which haue no end but the ruine one of another The Catholike king hath such rich and goodlie Crownes in Europe Asia and Africke and at the East and West Indies as they are sufficient to settle the desire of his ambition within the bounds of his owne greatnesse If hee hath dealt in the affaires of any other princes it was to support them and keepe them from ruine time hauing discouered how many things were readie to fall if they had not beene vnderpropt by the hand of D. Philip. The enemies of the house of Spaine haue published That the ambition of this prince was to make himselfe Monarch of all Christendome and that hee had left these designes hereditarie to his posteritie But the wiser sort may easily judge that if hee had beene so affected he would haue carried himselfe otherwise and begun the execution of the enterprise by Italie in the which hee is the stronger the conquest whereof would be easie hauing such aduantages But as hee is contented to preserue his owne and desires no lesse to raigne justly than long and happily so is hee grieued to see his friends crosse him in a thing that is so just and reasonable Complaints are free for all men but they are more affectionate among neighbours My master who holds you in this qualitie of a friend and will dow what possibly hee may that you bee neuer other complaines to you of your selfe Hee cannot dissemble how much hee thinkes himselfe wronged for that your Majestie doth affect the defence and protection of the rebels of the Low Countries against their lawfull Lord and that you haue lately graunted them a great leuie of Scottish men Hee assures himselfe of all friendship and justice from you and hee intreats you that in calling home these Scottish men you will punish them as they haue deserued Hee desires to treat sincerely with you and beleeues that your Maiestie considering how much the friendship of so mightie a prince should bee deere vnto you and will be profitable will seeke and imbrace it and will neuer be so carelesse of his good as to wish him ill The king