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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A42276	An history of the late warres and other state affaires of the best part of Christendom beginning with the King of Swethlands entrance into Germany, and continuing in the yeare 1640 / written in Italian by the Count Galliazzo Gualdo Priorato and in English by the Right Honourable Henry Earle of Monmouth.; Historia delle guerre di Ferdinando II, e Ferdinando III imperatori, e del rè Filippo IV di Spagna, contro Gostavo Adolfo, rè di Suetia, e Luigi XIII rè di Francia. English	Gualdo Priorato, Galeazzo, conte, 1606-1678.; Monmouth, Henry Carey, Earl of, 1596-1661.	1648 (1648)	Wing G2167; ESTC R15163	532,651	508

meet withall by making any longer aboade in the Bishopricke of Aichstet they retired towards Dunawert thinking to secure themselves there and watch over the Austrians proceedings who invited by the Swedes departure got ground fired divers Villages and quartered themselves in those places which lye on the West side and on the South between Dunanawert and Wilsborg The end of the fifth Book DOCTRINA PARIT VIRTUTEM The Warres and other State-Affaires of the best part of Christendome THE VI. BOOK The Contents of the Sixth Booke Wherein is related the Swedes proceedings in Alsatia The condition of each Partie The routing and death of Montecuculi The beginning of the Siege of Brisach The French re-inforcements falling down to guard the passes of Rhetia The reasons wherefore they indeavoured not to keepe the Duke of Feria from passing into the Valteline The Swedes taking of Heydelberg The Bavarians proceedings Treaty of Peace with Saxony renewed by Walesteine his negotiations without successe The intelligence which Crats heldwith the Swedes his retreat to Ingolstat The Spaniards ends in their friendship with the Duke of Lorayn The Siege layd by the Swedes to Haghenaw their routing the Lorayners what insued thereupon The entrance of the French into Lorayne their pretences and resolutions The parley and interview of the King of France and Cardinall of Lorayne at Pont de Mouson The like of Duke Charles and the Cardinall Richelieu at Charnes The rout given by the Swedes to Merodes neere Hamelen and the taking of Hamelen The Siege of Constantz the Swedes proceedings before that place The Romish Switzers Mutiny before Constantz at the arrivall of Horne The uproares in Helvetia betweene the Protestants and Papists The Spaniards jealousies of some Princes of Italy Regent Villani his negotiation with the Duke of Parma Suspitions had of the Duke of Mantua concerning the Infanta Marguerite The Duke of Ferias departure with the Spanish Army from Milan Constantz relieved and the raysing of the Siege AS the Protestants proud of their good fortune kept masters of the Fields so did the Roman Catholiques brought low by their bad successe indeavour their owne safeties within their surest holds when the Ringrave having by his returne into Alsatia driven Montecuculi into Brisach and housed him there and now more and more desirous to winne so important a place resolved to drive the Imperialists from Newenburg from whence those of Brisach might be relieved with Victualls which they might easily procure from their neighbours the Switzers who holding it for a wise rule in government to get money and to keepe it within their owne Territories easily give way to such requests as are accompanied with gold he therefore made hast to sit downe before it and the defendants having satisfied their Military dutie in making six dayes defence upon agreement marched forth with bagge and baggage But Montecuculi fore-seeing he could not keepe Brisach from being besieged and knowing that the Horse Garrison was too great in respect of the small provision they had of Victualls and Forrage he deteined within the Towne about 300 of the best Horse and dismist the rest that they might in the parts about Lindaw expect the succour which was looked for from Milan and Bavaria the comming whereof did much incourage him to indure the Seige which the Swedes prepared to make The Marquesse of Bentevogli and Bada did therefore goe from Zugno with about 600 Horse and had their second quarters in Waldshut and Lauffnburg and marching from thence into the parts about Vberlinghom they quartered in the neighbouring Townes and by orders from Commissary Ossa laboured to fill up their Companies which by their past sufferings were much lessened to the end that they might be ready to joyne with the Army which was expected from Milan Newenburg being taken and no place being left in the power of the Austrians betweene Brisach and Basel the Swedes gave order for the building of a Fort over the Rhyn not farre from thence which might be able to stop the passing of Boats and resolved likewise to take in Waldshut Laufuburg Sckinghen and Rinfelden and though in policy they ought to have forborne any thought thereof by reason of the continued league betweene the Switzers and those of the house of Austria by which the Switzers are particularly obliged to withstand any offence that shall be offered by any whatsoever Prince to any of these foure Townes or of the rest upon the Lake of Constantz which Agreement if it had been observed as in right it ought to have been the attempting of these places would have appeared to be vaine and the assistance which so warlike a people mought have administred to the Austrian Forces would have been very obnoxious to the Swedes designes in Alsatia and Swabenland yet were they incouraged to this enterprise by divers of the chiefe Protestants particularly by those that were neerest neighbours to these Townes and assured by the Duke of Rohan who was then at Zurich for the King of France that they should be assisted under-hand rather then offended by the Cantons though the Romanists appeared to be of another opinion for as they differed in Religion so did they waver in their establish'd promises as not thinking that they were bound to observe the Agreements made by their fore-fathers who were of a differing Faith They therefore marched into those parts to bereave the Austrians thereabouts of hope of victualling themselves in those Towns and of securing Brisach either by water or by land as occasion should serve best as also to secure their quarters in the Countryes of Salts and Fistemberg they marched along by the Territories of Basel and making themselves masters without much resistance of Seikinghem and Waldshut which were but weakely walled they set upon Rinfelden which stands upon the Rhyn and is Fortified with Wals and Towers after the ancient manner and playing hotly upon it with their Cannon they forced the Garrison in six dayes space to yeeld up the Towne whose example Laufnburg a place of lesse defence likewise followed Young Pappenheim sonne to the Landgrave of Stulinghem then Governour of Cell hearing the newes of Bontivoglios being come into those parts made haste into the Field with part of his Garrison and of such as were quartered thereabouts thinking to take Stofell a Castle on the top of a Hill in the midst of an open Country but as he was discovering some Barricadoes he was slaine by a Musket-shot to the resentment of the Souldiers who were yet comforted that another Pappenheim whose name was Godfrey was left to inherit his youth and valiant actions On the other side the Duke of Wirtenborg w th 6000 Foot and 8000 Horse had on all sides besieged Veling upon the Confines of Swabenland in the County of Baar a place of no small consideration for his own interest for 800 Foot and 300 Horse commanded by valiant Captaines and who were garrisoned therein much infested and prejudiced all the neighboring parts

wherewithall he was much troubled by breaking off the diversion of this peace his ends being to remaine himselfe alone the sole Commander of all the Emperours Forces in Germany against the Swedes but the Treaty being prolonged and nothing therein concluded hee determined to march forward hee therefore mustered his Army at Raconick a place between Pilsen and Prage wherein he found 214 Cornets of Horse all well in order 120 Companies of Foot 44 pieces of Cannon and two thousand Carriages well furnished and having his head full of whimsies and being a great observer of punctuality he would here make knowne his Commands how he intended to be served hee ordained that every one should weare a red Scarfe forbidding all other Colours upon paine of life for hee could not punish any the smalest fault but either by the Gallowes or by the Pillory I cannot herein passe by an accident which befell a Captaine of the Artillery who having upon him a rich Scarfe embroydered with Gold when he first heard this order tore it from about his necke and treading it under his feet shewed his ready inclination to obey his Commands wherewithall the Generall being well pleased he received such reward as is used to proceed from satisfaction for hee was soon after made a Colonell taken into his good opinion and made his Copartner By this example he made the rest readier to serve him as having means to oblige them unto him and the more to secure his own Command and holding it a good rule in policy to keep his Souldiers and Officers in obedience he gave Command under paine of his displeasure that no Souldier Captaine Officer or Colonell whatsoever of Foot should weare any bootes or spurres as on the contrary he forbad the Horse Souldiers and Officers to go at any time without them he imposed such punctuall silence in his Court and more particularly about his owne lodgings as he would not have one thereabouts raise their voices higher then he would doe if he were in a Church which was duly observed by all yea of the chiefest Commanders and this respect given unto him was grown unto that hight that lest they should make a noise with the rowels of their spurres they fastened them with little buckles 'T is said he did this that he might be the more dreaded for he was so over-Mastered with ambition as that no Prince in our age was ever knowne to covet so much respect or to have it observed towards him as this man did and had Hee having given these and other directions to his Army boldly came before Prage and the very first night surrounded it with his Horse commanding Gallasse to set upon it on the side of Mount St. Laurence and the Marquesse of Grana on the Capuchins side Gallasse upon the breake of day played upon the Wals with eight piece of Cannon whereby in a short time a breach being made the Wals being but old and weak a certain hour was appointed to give the assault but the Souldiers of Count Bartaldoe Wallesteines Regiment at the first making of the breach before the houre appointed for entrance was come without any directions from the Generall being desirous to shew their courage and thereby to purchase such reward from Walesteine as he used to bestow upon the valliant fell with such violence upon the breach as they by maine force wonne it and without any withstanding entred the City for the Saxons knowing it impossible to defend so weake wals had withdrawne themselves into the Palace Royall which commands the little City the Marquesse of Grana did the like on the other side so as the Saxons dispairing of defence resolved to parle the which Walesteine being acquainted withall he gave the charge of the Treaty to the said Marquesse as being very fit for that imployment who did mannage it with great advantage and concluded it with honour obliging the besieged to come forth of the Towne barely with the safety of their lives but Walesteine were it either that he would overcome the Elector of Saxony with courtesie and so sweeten any difficulties that might hinder the accommodation or else to requite the honour he received in having his Pallace kept in that City untouched gave the Souldiers their Armes and moreover their Baggage which being the most part booty they had formerly got was worth about 100000 Dollers and made them all who were about 4000 be safely conducted to Letomeritz where the Saxon Army was quartered The Imperialists Souldiers at their entry sack't that part which is called Ofeinstat or the little City at which the Popish Inhabitants murmured since that the new and old City inhabited for the most part by Protestants and Jewes by the Contribution of certaine monies kept themselves from the insolency of the Souldiers the like would notwithstanding have befallen them if the Towne had beene set upon on their side and if the Souldiers could have entred therein by force but their wals and the River saved them and afforded them time to make agreement Prage is in the Kingdome of Bohemia whereof it is the Metropolis it is a large and lovely City divided into three parts two of them on this side Molda called the new and old City and the other on the backe of the Mount St. Laurence called the little City this City formerly in peacefull times was full of people and had in it store of strangers for that many Emperours had kept their Court there the Wals are of bricke after the ancient manner it is not defenceable against an enemies Army unlesse it be defended by another Army without Here Walesteine resolved to stay some time as well to agree what he should next go about as to reassume the Treaty of peace The taking of Prage and other Townes in Bohemia did not more rejoyce the Imperialists then it did Walesteine's selfe who thinking it would be a sufficient argument to perswade the Elector to conclude a peace upon which his minde was wholly bent hee resolved to send againe to Harnem who was in Letomeritz a City lying upon the Elb on the Confines of Bohemia towards Saxony and where the Electors Forces then were observing the Imperialists proceedings and to desire him to put a good end to the peace that was propounded he accompanied this message with new offers promises which though they were very efficacious yet were they not sufficient to draw the Elector into his trap but the Treaty did every day seeme farther off then other Walesteine therefore marched againe with his Army resolving upon the Electors utter ruine and Egra remaining on the part towards the Palatinat neere the River Ros●a as also Elnbogen a Towne upon the side of the River Eger in the uttermost parts of Bohemia both of them by reason of their situation considerable places hee about the midst of May dispatch't away Holca Serjeant Major Generall of the Battaile with certaine Forces to take them in the which he easily did for they

of Lutzen fields did thus order his Army The plaine of Lutzen extends it selfe for the space of one League from the North to the South and is girt about from the West to the North by certaine Woods which divide it from another plaine towards the North-side thereof is the Village Cursits which amidst the descent of a pleasant Strond that runnes in Crookes sometimes more sometimes lesse is rather an Ornament then hinderance unto it Amidst certain Hills there lyes another space of ground towards the South-East which parteth Cursits and Lutzen on the East-side stands Lutzen from whence a plaine arising the space between the East and South is back't by a delightfull ascent of Hills The broadest part of the plaine falling downe betweene the West and the South affords a Prospect not bounded by the eye About a League from Lutzen lyeth a ridge of Hills environed by a little Rivolet thence from West to East there runs a Trench almost demolish't at the end whereof not farre from the Village stands a little house which serves for a shelter to the Inhabitants of four Wind-mils seated on the ridge of those Hills Upon the left wing of the Vanguard led on by his Majestie who kept before it with some of his Domestick Servants not attired like a Prince but clad in plaine Spanish Leather upon a dapple gray Horse were 3000 Horse all Gothes and Findlanders old Souldiers divided into six Squadrons under the Colonells Vansleben Ruthen and Wistumb Gentlemen of tryed experience amongst which were mingled five Rankes of Musquetiers betweene the one and the other Flank to play upon the Enemies Horse before they should come within Pistol-shot All these were well mounted armed with Curasses Pistols and broad Swords like Faulchions which being drawn and held up by them in their bridle-hand did by the reflection of the Sunne adde to the lustre of their Squadrons and to the terror of the lookers on These were followed by foure Battaglions of Dutch and Swedish Foot who marching in equall distances from the one Flanke to the other were appoynted for the reserve part of them in black Cassocks part in Yellow under 28 Ensignes all garnished with the Kings Armes to which were joyn'd the Regiments of Vincher Reglingem and Duke Waymer led on by Vildesteime under 18 Ensignes these were all commanded by Count Waissemburg a Duch-man who marched with his Pike in his hand foure paces before them In the Battle it selfe other foure Bodies of Foot marched with a large Front and these marched after the former so as they might without confusion enter into the voyd place of the one or the other Flanks they belonged to the Regiments of Stechnits Breesteime Lunisteime Steimbech and Hanalt all of them chiefe heads of the Army under 34 Ensignes led on by these Commanders clothed in glittering apparell an observation had in time of Battell that they might be the better knowne with each of them a Pike in his hand On the left Flank were other 3000 Dutch Horse divided into six Squadrons furnished with Curasses Pistols Swords and Pole-axes which had on the one side a Hammer and on the other a wreathen poynt of Iron wherwithall to throw Troopers off Horse●back pulling them therewithall either by their clothes or by the buckles of their Armour These were led on by Duke Bernard Waymer who rid before them on a Sorrell Horse with a Curasse on his back accompanied with two Cornets of Gentlemen of worth who desirous to learne the art of warfare kept neer him and amongst these were five Ranks of Musquetiers mingled for the aforesaid purpose amongst which were the Regiments of the Kings Guard under 22 Standards of the Colonells Coleberg Curlander Branghells Wishawsem and Corfilice Afore the right Flanke were 20 pieces of field Cannon placed and as many before the left to shoot bags of Bullets the greater Artillery to the number of 26. Being placed in the mid'st of the Front of the Foot Battaglions Marshall Kniphausen led on the Reare mounted on a browne Bay composed of English Scottish and French Regiments belonging to the Colonells Mila●i Chrestorfe Torre Hassia Kniphausen Offckercken and Duke William of Waymer under 52 Ensignes divided into foure Bodies soure in a square forme foure with a long Front and often Squadrons of Horse and Dragoones five upon the right hand commanded by the Colonells Oemens Bosse Isalers and Agafelt before which Armed at all pieces did the Baron Offckercken march and amongst these divers Rankes of Musquetiers The left Wing likewise conteined five Squadrons of Horse belonging to the Regiments of Peckerman Balarches Galdesteim Plato and Duke William of Waymers on the Front whereof marched these Gentlemen followed by some of their Comrades very well Armed and Horst His Army being thus ordered and having called before him all the chiefe of his Army and acquainted them with what orders he intended to have kept that day commanding Psalmes to be sung throughout the whole Campe and Prayers to be made to God for Victory he got upon an ambling Nag spotted blacke and white and twice rode about and surveyed all his Squadrons enlivening them all with his affable behaviour sweetnesse of speech and cheerfull countenance telling them how confidently he relyed upon their knowne valour how weake the Enemy was incouraging them through the hope of bootie this being the end of all their labours the perfection of their glory and the accomplishment of their greatnesse which when they should obteine nothing could stand betweene them and the Crowne of Victory whereunto being by all of them answered with joyfull acclamations it was observed that some as if they had presaged what was to insue said unto him Oh Sir have a care of your Person and feare not us to which he answering My Valiant and beloved Compagnions wee have hitherto had but our first course courage now we are to expect the banquet and making the Baggage women and boyes who were mingled amongst the Troopes to be set a farre off he himselfe being got upon a dun Horse the Army moved enheartned by the sound of warlike instruments and with cheerfull martiall-like phrases whereby every one was incouraged and thus he advanced towards the Caesarians Neither was Walesteine wanting in vigilancy but having received newes that Pappenheim had faced about and was marching apace towards him having calculated the time aright and finding that he would come in very opportunely he advised with his chief Cōmanders whether he should resolve to give the King Battell or keepe undeneath Leypzig and indeavour to overcome the Enemy rather by Famine then by Sword They all resolved upon fighting and that they should in no wayes turne their backe upon the Swedes who would thereby be the more incouraged seeing their King march't resolutely in their Front He therefore upon the breake of day drew forth his Army likewise and appeared in Battell array before the Swedish Vanguard who with their Field Cannon were now in sight and towards noone

and at last agreed that it was expedient to conferre that place upon Duke Bernard Waymer a German by birth and consequently desired by the chiefe Commanders and Souldiers of that Nation which is the sinewes and strength of the Swedish Armies a daring Prince and beloved by the Souldier and common people and one who would hardly submit to be commanded by a stranger Though the Deputies the Souldiers and other Princes of the Union were pleased with this Election yet was not the Duke of Saxon therewithall satisfied as well for that the King being dead he pretended to be chosen Generall and to have the whole weight of the Warre intrusted in him since there was no Prince amongst all the Confederates of greater strength then he nor who had more favoured the Swedes as also for that Waymers greatnesse who was a Prince full of spirit and descended from the right line of the first borne of Saxony which were expelled their state by the Emperour Charles the fifth made him not a little feare that if the Swedish affaires should prosper and he should winne upon the Souldiers affections he mought aspire to recover that which he knew had formerly belonged to his Ancestors These jealousies having gathered together a great masse of grosse humours in the Electors breast whom the Caesarian Ministers of state failed not to put in mind of what accidents might easily fall out inviting him to an accomodation by large proffers and efficatious perswasions he was seene to be much changed and beganne to nauseate Oxesternes and Waymers actions and to be more cautious in his confiding in them then he was wont and this was afterwards knowne to be the rise of Saxonies falling from the Swedes Horne who wisely fore-saw this storme rid post to Franckfort treated and consulted with Oxesterne how to find a remedy for so important a businesse but he was not much listened unto by those who governed by passion gave no eare to the reasons he alledged nor was there any one who thought how to appease the Electors displeasure for the Swedes were now growne to that hight of pride as that they cared not for any one thinking that every one should take it for a favour to be numbred among their friends the effects of prosperitie wherewithall men are blinded and as with Wine made drunke with confidence and presumption as likewise of the prosperitie of Northerne people who thinking abundantly well of themselves shew pride in their actions affording thereby occasions to us Italians to call them barbarous They pretended that the Elector was bound to second their resolves which made them afterwards very wel know that the government of States ought not be exercised with ambition nor passion but with wisedome free from any particular interest and from any affection which thwarts the publique good Whilst this Dyet was held Lieutenant Generall Milander came before Rurort which lyes upon the Rhyn below Coln fortified partly after the Ancient partly after the Moderne fashion he set upon it and at the end of seven dayes the Inhabitants not able longer to hold out surrendred it upon Articles And in Alsatia the Governour of Colmar clothed some of his Souldiers in Countreymens habits and feigning as if they carryed somewhat to sell sent them to Ruffac in Alsatia not farre from Colmar neere to the Mountaines which divide that Province from Lorayne These surprising the Gate let in the Swedes that lay not farre off hid in a Wood who when they were entred the Towne which they treated but ill knowing they could not keepe it for the Marquesse of Baden was marching apace towards them with many Souldiers drawne out of the Garrison of Brisach and other parts thereabouts they retired againe with good bootie to Colmar and tooke so many of the Magistrates prisoners as payd 12000 Crownes for their ransome Horne was returned from Frankfort to his Army and was already preparing to march into the upper Palatinate and joyn with Waymer when Aldringer understanding thereof who was upon those Frontiers with a Body of men consisting of 8000 Foot and 4000 Horse watching the Swedes proceedings presently quit his quarters and went towards Tachaw a little Towne of Bohemia upon the Confines of the Palatinate into which the Horse of both Parties being entred divers skirmishes were made wherein the Swedes had the worst for the Crabats treated them but ill The Duke of Bavaria and the Duke of Feria met about this time at Beuberg upon the Iser neere Monaco where they consulted how they might easiliest regaine Ratisbon a place very requisite for the Bavarians interest but finding it to be a businesse of difficultie for that the Enemy was very strong in the Field the Army of the League and the Spanish Army much weakned by the death and running away of many of their Souldiers and that they could not promise themselves assistance from Walesteine but rather feared that he might disturbe them in that enterprise they resolved at last to forbeare the businesse for a while and not to hazard the honour of their Armies before a Towne the taking whereof was uncertaine and the losse certain which they were to receive from those that defended it and in the retreat it behoved them to make which is held for an excellent rule by the wisest Commanders For to retreat without doing any good from an enterprise once undertaken embases the Souldier redounds to the discredit of the Officers addes to the vigour and reputation of the Enemy and makes the Leaders on be accounted ill-advised a word very hurtfull to the Conductors of Souldiers They therefore quartered their men part in Bavaria part in Swabenland and part in Tiroll preparing for new Levyes and recruiting their Armies that at the Spring their numbers might be full and they ready to perfect that and other enterprises notwithstanding the Swedes wisely foreseeing that it would be hard for them to keep Ratisbon which was invironed by the Territories of Bavaria unlesse they had the upper Palatinate free they commanded Ber●henfield who was quartered with 4000 Foot and 2000 Horse in the parts about Ausburg to passe over the Danube and to goe into the Palatinate and to joyne himselfe with Waymer and unanimously to fall upon such undertakings as they should thinke fittest to maintaine their Armies in those Provinces Yet did not their resolutions take effect for the Imperialists having had time to prepare themselves for defence the Swedes failed in their indeavours in taking of Amberg the Metropolitan of the upper Palatinate seated in a Champaine Countrey beautified with pleasant and fruitfull Hills and were inforced to withdraw themselves to their former stations of Chamb and We●den Horne finding then how hard a matter it would be to get the Palatinat by reason of the strength wherewith it was guarded he thought it would be better to passe back againe into the upper Swabenland wherein the Imperialists garrisons were very weake and since he could not prosper in one place to