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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A41559 Geography anatomiz'd, or, The compleat geographical grammar being a short and exact analysis of the whole body of modern geography after a new and curious method / collected from the best authors and illustrated with divers maps by Pat. Gordon ... Gordon, Patrick, fl. 1700. 1699 (1699) Wing G1288; ESTC R15742 267,427 492

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Point of the Surface where the Quadrant of Altitude intersects the first Meridian for the same representeth the second Place and that Arch of the Quadrant between the said Point and the Zenith being converted into Leagues or Miles will give the Distance requir'd Prob. 48. The Distance between two Places lying under the same Meridian being given as also their respective bearing from a third Place to find thereby that Place with its true Distance from the other two The given Distance being reckon'd any where upon the brazen Meridian and those places of the Globe exactly under the beginning and end of that Reckoning being mark'd raise the Pole according to the Latitude of one of them which for Distinctions sake we 'll term the first Place and fixing the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith extend the other extremity thereof to the given Point of the Compass upon the wooden Horizon according as the said first Place beareth off the third unknown and make a small Tract with Chalk upon the Globe where the Edge of the Quadrant passeth along Which done elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the second Place and fixing the Quadrant of Altitude in the Zenith extend the same as formerly to the given Point of the Compass upon the wooden Horizon and observe where the said Quadrant intersects the aforesaid Tract of Chalk made upon the Surface of the Globe for that is the third Place desir'd whose Distance from the other two may be found by the foregoing Problem These are the Chief Problems performable by the Terrestrial Globe as also the manner of their Performance But if the Reader desire more let him Consult Varenius his Geographia Generalis from whom we have borrowed several of those abovemention'd Now followeth according to our proposed Method SECT III. Containing some plain Geographical Theorems Theor. 1. THE Latitude of any Place is always equal to the Elevation of the Pole in the same Place econtrá Theor. 2. The Elevation of the Equator in any Place is always equal to the Complement of the Latitude in the same place vice versâ Theor. 3. Those Places that lie under the Equinoctial Line have nothing of Latitude it being there that the Calculation of Latitude begins Theor. 4. Those Places that lie exactly under the two Poles have the greatest Latitude it being there that the Calculation of Latitude doth end Theor. 5. Those Places that lie exactly under the first Meridian have nothing of Longitude it being there that the Calculation of Longitude begins Theor. 6. Those Places that are immediately adjacent to the Western side of the first Meridian have the greatest Longitude it being there that the Calculation of Longitude doth end Theor. 7. All Places lying upon either side of the Equator have the greater or lesser Latitude according to their respective Distance therefrom Theor. 8. All Places lying upon either side of the Equator and exactly under the same have the greater or lesser Longitude according to their respective Distance from the first Meridian Theor. 9. That particular Place of the Earth lying exactly under the Intersection of the first Meridian and Equinoctail Line hath neither Longitude nor Latitude Theor. 10. No place of the Earth is distant from another above 10800 Italian Miles allowing 60 to one Degree in the Equator Theor. 11. No Place of the Earth is distant from its proper Antipodes diametrically taken above 7200 Italian Miles still allowing 60 to one Degree in the Equator Theor. 12. The sensible Horizon of every Place doth as often change as we happen to change the Place it self Theor. 13. The apparent Semediameter of the sensible Horizon in most Places doth frequently vary according to the Refraction of the Sun beams Theor. 14. All Countries upon the Face of the whole Earth do equally enjoy the Light of the Sun in respect of Time and are equally depriv'd of the benefit thereof Theor. 15. In all Places on the Globe of the Earth save exactly under the two Poles the Days and Nights are of an equal Length viz. twelve Hours each when the Sun cometh to the Equinoctial Line Theor. 16. In all Places between the Equinoctial and the two Poles the Days and Nights are never equal to one another save only those two times of the Year when the Sun entreth the Signs of Aries and Libra Theor. 17. The nearer any Place is to the Line the lesser is the difference between the Length of the Artificial Days and Nights in the said Place and on the contrary the farther remov'd the greater Theor. 18. In all Places lying under the same Parallel of Latitude the Days and Nights are of the same extent and that at all times of the Year Theor. 19. Three or more Places being given on the Globe that lie between the Equator and either of the Poles and equidistant from one another the Extent of the longest Day in those Places doth not encrease proportionably to the distance of the Places themselves Theor. 20. Three or more Places being given on the Globe that lie between the Equator and the Poles in which the Length of the longest Day doth equally encrease the distance between the Paralles of those Places is not equal to one another Theor. 21. Three or more Places being given on the Globe whose distance from the Equator to either Pole exceeds one another in Arithmetical Proportion The Length of the longest Day in one doth not keep the same Analogy to that in the other according to the Proportion of their distance Theor. 22. In all Places of the Torrid Zone the Morning and Evening Twilight is least in the Frigid greatest and in the Temperate it 's a Medium between the two Theor. 23. To all Places lying within the Torrid Zone the Sun is duly Vertical twice a Year to those under the Tropicks once but to them in the Temperate and Frigid never Theor. 24. In all Places of the two Frigid Zones the Sun appeareth every Year without setting for a certain number of Days and disappeareth for the same space of time And the nearer unto or the farther from the Pole those places are the longer or shorter is his continued Presence in or Absence from the same Theor. 25. In all places exactly under the Arctick and Antarctick Circles the Sun at his greatest Declination appeareth every Year for one Day compleatly without setting and intirely disappeareth another but daily riseth and setteth in those Places at all other times as elsewhere Theor. 26. In all places between the Equator and the North Pole the longest Day and shortest Night is always when the Sun hath the greatest Northern Declination and the shortest Day and longest Night when he hath the greatest Southern Theor. 27. In all places between the Equator and the South Pole the longest Day and shortest Night is always when the Sun hath the greatest Southern Declination and the shortest Day and longest Night when the greatest Northern Theor. 28. In all places
mark what Degree of Latitude is exactly above it Move the Globe round and observe the two Points of the Ecliptick that pass through the said Degree of Latitude Search upon the wooden Horizon or by proper Tables of the Sun 's Annual Motion on what Days he passeth through the aforesaid Points of the Ecliptick for those are the Days requir'd in which the Sun is vertical to the given Place Prob. 19. The Month and Day being given to find by the Globe those places of the North Frigid Zone where the Sun beginneth then to shine constantly without setting as also those places of the South Frigid Zone in which he then beginneth to be totally absent The Day given which must always be one of those either between the Vernal Equinox and Summer Solstice or between the Autumnal Equinox and Winter Solstice find the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick and marking the same bring it to the brazen Meridian and reckon the like number of Degrees from the North Pole towards the Equator as there is betwixt the Equator and the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick and set a mark with Chalk where the reckoning ends Which done turn the Globe round and all the Places passing under the said Chalk are those in which the Sun begins to shine constantly without setting upon the given Day For Solution of the latter part of the Problem set off the same distance from the South Pole upon the brazen Meridian towards the Equator as was formerly set off from the North and making a mark with Chalk and turning the Globe round all Places passing under the said mark are those desir'd viz. them in which the Sun beginneth his total Absence or Disappearance from the given Day Prob. 20. A Place being given in the North Frigid Zone to find by the Globe what number of Days the Sun doth constantly shine upon the said Place and what Days he is absent as also the first and last Day of his appearance Bring the given Place to the brazen Meridian and observing its Latitude elevate the Globe accordingly then turn the Globe about till the first Degree of Cancer come under the Meridian and count the same number of Degrees upon the Meridian from each side of the Equator as the Place is distant from the Pole and making a mark where the reckoning ends turn the Globe round and carefully observe what two Degrees of the Ecliptick pass exactly under the two Points mark'd in the Meridian for the Northern Arch of the Circle viz. that comprehended between the two mark'd Degrees being reduc'd to time will give the number of Days that the Sun doth constantly shine above the Horizon of the given Place and the opposite Arch of the said Circle will give the number of Days in which he is absent The Pole continuing in the same Elevation bring the beginning of Cancer to the brazen Meridian and observe the two Degrees of the Ecliptick which in the mean time coincide with the Horizon then search upon the wooden Horizon for those Days that the Sun doth enter into the aforesaid Degrees of the Ecliptick for those are the Days of his first and last appearance in the given Place Prob. 21. The Month and Day being given to find that place on the Globe to which the Sun when in its Meridian shall be vertical on that Day The Sun's Place in the Ecliptick being found bring the same to the brazen Meridian in which make a small mark with Chalk exactly above the Sun's Place Which done find those places that have the Sun in the Meridian at the time given and bringing them to the brazen Meridian observe that part of the Globe exactly under the aforesaid mark in the Meridian for that is the place desir'd Prob. 22. The Month and Day being given to find upon what Point of the Compass the Sun riseth and setteth in any place at the time given Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the desired Place and finding the Sun's Place in the Ecliptick at the given Time bring the same to the Eastern side of the Horizon and you may clearly see the Point of the Compass upon which he then riseth By turning the Globe about till his place coincide with the Western side of the Horizon you may also see upon the said Circle the exact Point of his setting Prob. 23. To know by the Globe the Length of the longest and shortest Days and Nights in any place of the World Elevate the Pole according to the Latitude of the given Place and bring the first Degree of Cancer if in the Northern or Capricorn if in the Southern Hemisphere to the East-side of the Horizon and setting the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon turn the Globe about till the Sign of Cancer touch the Western-side of the Horizon and then observe upon the Horary Circle the number of Hours between the Index and the upper Figure of XII reckoning them according to the Motion of the Index for that is the Length of the longest Day the Complement whereof is the Extent of the shortest Night As for the shortest Day and longest Night they are only the reverse of the former Prob. 24. To know the Climates of any given Place Find the Length of the longest Day in the given Place and whatever be the number of Hours whereby it surpasseth Twelve double that number and the Product will give the true Climate of the Place desir'd But here note That this is to be understood of Places within the Latitude of 66½ As for those of a greater Latitude where the Climates encrease by intire Months enter the second Table of Climates page 10 with the Latitude of the given Place and opposite thereto you 'll find the proper Climate of a place in the said Latitude Prob. 25. The Length of the longest Day in any place being known to find thereby the Latitude of that place Having the Length of the longest Day you may know thereby the proper Climate of that Place and by the Table of Climates pag. 10. you may see what Degree of Latitude corresponds to that Climate which Degree is the Latitude of the Place desir'd Prob. 26. The Latitude of the Place being given as also the Sun 's Place in the Ecliptick to find thereby the beginning of the Morning and end of the Evening Twilight The Globe being rectifi'd and the Sun's Place brought to the brazen Meridian set the Index of the Horary Circle at Noon then bring that Degree of the Ecliptick which is opposit to the Sun's Place to the Western Quarter and so move the Globe together with the Quadrant of Altitude till the Degree opposite to the Sun's Place and the 18 Degree of the said Quadrant come both in one Which done observe what Hour the Index then pointeth at for at that Hour doth the Morning Twilight begin As for the Evening Twilight bring the Degree of the Ecliptick opposite to the Sun's Place at that time