Sunday by twilight of the morning we set sayle from Ioppa and coasting the shoare of Asia had the land so neere vs euery day as wee might easily distinguish the situation of the Cities and Territories And first we passed by the Citie called Caesaria Philippi seated in a Plaine and twentie fiue miles distant from Ioppa which of old was a famous Citie but now for the most part ruined and become an infamous nest of Turkes Moores and Arabians Here Christ raised to life the daughter of Iairus and healed the woman which for twelue yeetes had a flux of bloud And here Saint Peter did baptize the Centurion Cornelius and Saint Paul in the presence of Foelix disputed with Tertullus Here Titus the sonne of Vespasian landing when hee came to destroy Ierusalem cast great multitudes of Iewes to wilde beasts to be deuoured In the right way to Tripoli Antipatris was not farre distant which Herod did rebuild and thither the souldiers did leade Saiint Paul by the command of the Tribune Lysias but we could not see this Village Next we did see the Pilgrims Castle now called Tortora Then we sailed by the Promontory hanging farre ouer the Sea of the Mountaine Carmelus made famous by the aboade of the Prophet Elias Then we passed within sight of the old Citie Ptolemais after called Achon and Acri seated in a faire playne within a Creeke of the sea of the same name and compassing the Citie And such afaire plaine lyes all along the Coast from Ioppa to Tripoli This Citie was famous by the armies of Europe passing to conquer these parts and at this day it hath a large circuit compassed with walls and a commodious Hauen and is thirtie fiue miles distant from Caesaria From hence salling twentie miles we passed by the Citie Tyrus then called Sur the ruines whereof witnesse the old magnificence The seate thereof seemed most pleasant being built vpon a low Rocke in the forme of a Peninsule which Rocke was part of a high Promontory hanging ouer the sea And it may appeare how strongly it was fortified of old by Quintus Curtius relating the difficulties with which Alexander the Great took and subdued the same When we had sailed some ten miles further we did see the ruines of Sarepta where the Prophet Eleas lodged with a widdow in the time of a great famine After we had sayled some twenty miles further we did see and passed by the City Sydon now called Saetta seated on the North side of a Promontory and lying towards the West and South to the very sea side These most pleasant Territories are inhabited by wicked people but God sent vs a faire wind by which we escaped from them into whose Ports if we had beene driuen they would haue taken all lust and vniust occasions to extort money from vs if they did vs no worse harme Mention is often made in the Holy Seriptures of Sydon Tire and these Territories as well in the old as new Testament the particulars whereof I omit Here first we did gladly see the hils and high tops of Mount Lybanus being a very pleasant and fruitful mountaine the wines whereof are carried as farre is Haleppo The Castle Barutti is some two miles distant from the Promontory of Saetta and it is seated vpon the North-side of a hil hanging ouer the sea Here they say that Saint George deliuered the Kings daughter by killing a Dragon And to this place as also to Tyre and Sydon there is great concourse of Merchants who haue their chiefe trafficke at Damaseus and especially at Haleppo From hence we passed ten miles to Biblis then after ten miles saile we passed by 〈◊〉 and againe after ten miles saile by a Promontory which the Italians call Capo Peso Lastly we passed ten miles sailing by a most pleasant plaine and so vpon Thursday the seuenteenth of Iune landed at Tripoli of Syria so called for difference from Tripoli in Africke The Hauen is compassed with a wall and lies vpon the west-side of the City whereif were many little Barkes and some Shippes of Marsiles in France The Hauen is fortified with seuen Towers whereof the fourth is called the Tower of Loue because it was built by an Italian Merchant who was found in bed with a Turkish woman which offence is capitall as well to the Turke as Christian if he had not thus redeemed his life Vpon the Hauen are built many store-houses for Merchants goods and shops wherein they are fet to sayle The City of Tripoli is some halfe mile distant from the Hauen to which the way is sandy hauing many gardens on both sides In this way they shew a pillar fastned vpon a hill of sand by which they say the sand is inchanted lest it should grow to ouerwhelme the City Likewise they shew other pillars vnder which they say great multitudes of Scorpions were in like sort inchanted which of old wasted all that Territory and they thinke that if these pillars were taken away the City would be destroied by the sand and Scorpions The length of the City somewhat passeth the bredth and lieth from the South to the North seated vpon the side of an hill so cut by nature as it conueyes a brooke into the streetes Vpon the West side of the City towards the South corner is a Castle vpon a high hill which the French men built of old to keepe the Citizens in subiection and therein the Great Turke to the same end keepes a garrison of Souldiers vnder his Agha or Gouernour of the City Vpon the East side are two bridges ouer the foresaid brooke whence many pleasant fountains spring which running from the South to the North passe through the streetes of the City and then water the gardens Beyond this brooke are fruitfull hils and beyond the hils Mount Lybanus lies so high as it hinders all further prospect which mountaine is very pleasant abounding with fruitfull trees and with grapes yeelding a rich wine Vpon the North side without the gates are many most pleasant gardens in which they keepe great store of silke-wormes for the Turks sell their raw silke to the Italians and buy of them the stuffes wouen thereof The building of Tripoli and of these parts is like to that of Cyprus and Ierusalem The streete that leades to the way of Haleppo is broad the rest narrow and the aire and waters are vnhealthfull Mount Lybanus as I formerly said is incredibly fruitfull and the plaine of Tripoli reaching ten miles is more fruitfull then can easily be expressed bearing great store of pleasant fruites whereof one among the rest is called Amazza-Franchi that is kill Frankes or French because the men of Europe died in great numbers by eating immoderately thereof The plaine of Tripoli did of old yeeld two hundred thousand crownes yeerely to the Count thereof as Historians write And how soeuer the old trafficke of Tripoli is for the most part remoued to
a stranger and a boat daily passeth from Stode thither in some three houres space if the winde bee not contrary wherein each man paies three Lubecke shillings for his passage but all Passengers without difference of condition must help to rowe or hire one in his stead except the winde bee good so as they need not vse their Oares besides that the annoyance of base companions will easily offend one that is any thing nice Hamburg is a Free Citie of the Empire and one of them which as I said are called Hansteten and for the building and populousnesse is much to be praised The Senate house is very beautifull and is adorned with carued statuaes of the nine Worthies The Exchange where the Merchants meet is a very pleasant place The Hauen is shut vp with an iron chaine The Citie is compassed with a deepe ditch and vpon the East and North sides with a double ditch and wall Water is brought to the Citie from an Hil distant some English mile by pipes of wood because those of lead would be broken by the yce and these pipes are to bee seene vnder the bridge whence the water is conuaied by them vnto each Citizens house The Territory of the Citie extendeth a mile or two and on one side three miles out of the walles It hath nine Churches and six gates called by the Cities to which they lead It is seated in a large plaine and a sandy soyle but hath very fatte pasture ground without On the South side and some part of the West it is washed with the Riuer Elue which also putteth a branch into the Towne but on the North and somewhat on the East side the Riuer Alster runneth by towards Stode and falleth into the Elue The streets are narrow excepting one which is called Broad-street vulgarly Breitgasse The building is all of bricke as in all the other Sea-bordering Cities lying from these parts towards Flanders and all the beautie of the houses is in the first entrance hauing broad and faire gates into a large Hal the lower part whereof on both sides is vsed for a Ware-house and in the vpper part lying to the view of the doore the chiefe houshold-stuffe is placed and especially their vessell of English Pewter which being kept bright makes a glittering shew to them that passe by so as the houses promise more beauty outwardly then they haue inwardly Here I paid each meale foure Lubeck shillings and one each night for my bed The Citizens are vnmeasurably ill affected to the English to whom or to any stranger it is vnsafe to walke out of the gates after noone for when the common people are once warmed with drinke they are apt to doe them iniury My selfe one day passing by some that were vnloading and telling of Billets heard them say these words Wirft den zehenden auff des Englanders kopf that is cast the tenth at the Englishmans head But I and my companions knowing well their malice to the English for the remouing their trafficke to Stode were content silently to passe by as if we vnderstood them not Hence I went out of the way to see Lubeck an Imperiall Citie and one of the aboue named Hans-townes being tenne miles distant from Hamburg Each of vs for our Coach paid twentie Lubeck shillings and going forth early wee passed through a marish and sandy plaine and many woods of Oakes which in these parts are frequent as woods of Firre be in the vpper part of Germany and hauing gone six miles we came to a Village called Altslow for the situation in a great marish or boggy ground where each man paid for his dinner fiue Lubeck shillings and a halfe our Dutch companions contributing halfe that money for drinke after dinner In the afternoone we passed the other foure miles to Lubeck in the space of foure houres and vntill we came within halfe a mile of the towne wee passed through some thicke woods of Oake with some faire pastures betweene them for the Germans vse to preserue their woods to the vttermost either for beautie or because they are so huge frequent as they cannot be consumed When we came out of the woods wee saw two faire rising Hills and the third vpon which Lubeck was feated On the top of this third Hill stood the faire Church of Saint Mary whence there was a descent to all the gates of the Citie whose situation offered to our eyes a faire prospect and promised great magnificence in the building The Citie is compassed with a double wall one of bricke and narrow the other of earth and broad fastned with thicke rowes of willowes But on the North side and on the South-east side there were no walles those parts being compassed with deepe ditches full of water On the South-east side the water seemeth narrow but is so deepe as ships of a thousand tunne are brought vp to the Citie to lie there all winter being first vnladed at Tremuren the Port of the City lying vpon the Baltick Sea To this Port one mile distant from Lubeck we came in three houres each man paying for his Coach fiue Lubeck shillings and foure for our dinner and returned backe the same night to Lubeck The building of this City is very beautifull all of bricke and it hath most sweete walkes without the walles The Citizens are curious to auoid ill smels to which end the Butchers haue a place for killing their beasts without the walles vpon a running streame Water is brought to euery Citizens house by pipes and all the Brewers dwelling in one street haue each of them his iron Cock which being turned the water fals into their vessels Though the building of this towne be of the same matter as that of the neighbouring townes yet it is much preferred before them for the beautie and vniformitie of the houses for the pleasant gardens faire streets sweete walkes without the walles and for the Citizens themselues who are much commended for ciuilty of manners and the strict execution of Iustice. The poore dwell in the remote-streets out of the common passages There is a street called the Funst Haussgasse that is the street of fiue houses because in the yeere 1278. it was all burnt excepting fiue houses since which time they haue a law that no man shall build of timber and clay except he diuide his house from his neighbours with a bricke wall three foot broad and that no man shall couer his house with any thing but tiles brasse or leade The forme of this Citie is like a lozing thicke in the midst and growing narrower towards the two ends the length whereof is from the gate called Burke Port towards the South to Millen Port towards the North. Wee entred the Towne by Holtz Port on the West side to which gate Hickster Port is opposite on the East side It is as long againe as broad and two streets Breitgasse that is Broad-street and Konnigsgasse that is Kings-street runne the whole
said before that the boats and barkes comming downe are sold at the end of the way because they cannot be brought vp against the streame Brisake is seated vpon a round and high Mountaine and though it bee improbable that there should be any want of waters so neere the foot of the Alpes yet this City hath a fountaine where water is sold and a certaine price is giuen for the watering of euery beast VVe passed the other eight miles to Strasburg the same day in eight houres being helped with the same swiftnesse of the Rheine which being oft diuided by the way makes many little Ilands The bridge of Strasburg ouer the Rheine is more then a Musket shot from the City on the East side therof The bridge is of wood and hath threescore fiue Arches each distant from the other twenty walking paces and it is so narrow that an horse-man can hardly passe by a cart it lying open on both sides and it is built of small pieces of timber laid a crosse which lye loose so as one end being pressed with any weight the other is lifted vp with danger to fall into the water It is like they build no stronger bridge either because they haue tryed that the swift course of the Rheine will easily breake it downe or because in the time of warre it may be good for them to breake it in which case it were farre greater charge to rebuild it with stone then with wood The Rheine lying thus farre off from the City the boats are brought vp to the same by a little channell The brookes of Bress and Elb passe through many streets of the City and fill all the large ditches thereof with water The City is very well fortified hauing high walles of earth the bottomes whereof are fastned with stone and the sides with trees planted on the same On the VVest side towards France are the gates Weissen-thore and Rheine-thore On the East side toward the Rheine is the gate Croneberg-thore at which though it be out of the way for the iealousie of neighbour-hood the French must enter and at no other On the East side is the Butchers gate called Metsiger-thore On the same side is the Cathedrall Church The circuit of the Cty is three houres walking The buildings and Churches are faire and high of free stone most of the streets are narrow but those diuided by water are broader I paied six Batzen a meale and for wine extraordinary three Batzen the measure Many things in this City are remarkable The Steeple of the Cathedrall Church is most beautifull and numbred among the seuen miracles of the world being begun in the yeere 1277 and scarce finished in twentie eight yeeres In the building of one gate thereof they say three Kings treasure was spent in whose memory three statuaes are there ingrauen The Church is couered with lead which is rare in Germany where the chiefe Churches are couered with brasse growing in the Countrey The brazen gates of this church are curiously carued The Clocke thereof is of all other most famous being inuented by Conradus Dasipodius in the yeere 1571. Before the Clocke stands a globe on the ground shewing the motion of the heauens starres and planets namely of the heauen carried about by the first mouer in twenty foure houres of Saturne by his proper motion carried about in thirty yeeeres of Iupiter in twelue of Mars in two of the Sunne Mercury and Venus in one yeere of the Moone in one month In the Clocke it selfe there be two tables on the right and left hand shewing the eclipses of the Sunne and Moone from the yeere 1573 to the yeere 1605. The third table in the midst is diuided into three parts In the first part the statuaes of Apollo and Diana shew the course of the yeere and the day thereof being carried about in one yeere The second part shewes the yeere of our Lord and of the world the Equinoctiall dayes the houres of each day the minutes of each houre Easter day and all other feasts and the Dominicall Letter The third part hath the Geographicall discription of all Germany and particularly of Strasburg and the names of the Inuentor and of all the worke-men In the middle frame of the Clocke is an Astrolobe shewing the signe in which each Planet is euery day and there be the statuaes of the seuen Planets vpon a round piece of iron lying flat so as euery day the statua of the Planet comes forth that rules the day the rest being hid within the frame till they come out by course at their day as the Sun vpon Sunday and so for all the weeke And there is a terrestriall globe and the quarter and halfe houre and the minuts are shewed There is also the skull of a dead man and two statuaes of two boyes whereof one turnes the houre-glasse when the Clocke hath strucken the other puts forward the rod in his hand at each stroke of the clocke Moreouer there be statuaes of the spring summer Autumne and winter and many obseruations of the Moone In the vpper part of the clocke are foure old mens stutuaes which strike the quarters of the houre the statua of death comming out each quarter to strike but being driuen backe by the statua of Christ with a speare in his hand for three quarters but in the fourth quarter that of Christ goeth backe and that of death strikes the houre with a bone in the hand and then the chimes sound On the top of the clocke is an Image of a Cock which twice in the day croweth alowd and beateth his wings Besides this clocke is decked with many rare pictures and being on the inside of the Church carrieth another frame to the outside of the wall wherein the houres of the Sunne the courses of the Moone the length of the day and such like things are set out with great Art Besides in the City there is a faire house in which citizens and strangers at publike meetings or otherwise vse to feast their inuited friends Neere the gate Rheinethore is the Armory vulgarly Zeighauss which aboundeth with Ordinance and all Munitions They haue a Theater for Comedies and a Tower to lay vp their treasure called penny Tower vulgarly Phennigthurne They say this City is called Argentina in latine of the word Argentum because the Romans of old laid vp their treasure here and Strassburg in Dutch of the word strass that is way and Burg that is a City as being built where many waies lead to many Prouinces I had almost omitted one remarkeable thing namely the faire House of the Cannons called Bruderhoff that is the Court of the Brethren I hired a coach for a Dollor my person from Strassburg to Heidelberg being sixteene miles The first day after dinner I went foure miles to Leichtenou through a plaine all compassed with Gardens and Orchards and paid six batzen for my supper The next morning we went foure miles to Milberk through a sandy
water out of England they could neuer make their beere so much esteemed as the English which indeed is much bettered by the carriage ouer sea to these parts Hence I went to Sluse so called of the damme to let waters in and out and came thither in two houres paying for my waggon thirteene stiuers which I hired alone for if I had light vpon company we should haue paied no more betweene vs. Hence I passed the Riuer Mase where it falleth into the sea and came to Brill my selfe and two others paying twelue stiuers for our passage but the barke being presently to returne and therefore not entring the Port set vs on land neere the Towne whether we walked on foot Brill is a fortified Towne laid in pledge to Queene Elizabeth for money she lent the States and it was then kept by foure English Companies paid by the Queene vnder the gouernment of the Lord Burrowes The Towne is seated in an Iland which was said to bee absolute of it selfe neither belonging to Zealand nor Holland On the North side the Riuer Mase runneth by On the East side are corne fieldes and the Riuer somewhat more distant On the South side are corne fields On the West side are corne fields and the maine Sea little distant Here I paied for my supper and dinner twenty stiuers and for a pot of wine eighteene stiuers From hence I returned by water to Roterodam in Holland and paied for my passage three stiuers In the mouth of the Riuer of Roterodam lies the City Arseldipig and another called Delphs-Ile being the Hauen of Delph which was then a pleasant Village but growing to a City and hauing beene lately burnt by fire was fairely rebuilded Roterodam lies in length from the East to the West The Hauen is on the South side being then full of great ships vpon which side it lay open without walles hauing many faire houses and a sweet walke vpon the banke of the water Neither is it fortified on the sides towards the land nor seemed to mee able to beare a siege hauing low walles on the North and East sides yet compassed with broad ditches The street Hoch-street is faire and large extending it selfe all the length of the Citie and lying so as from the gate at the one end you may see the gate at the other end and in this street is the Senate house In the market place toward the West is the statua of Erasmus being made of wood for the Spaniards brake downe that which was made of stone and the inscription thereof witnesseth that hee was borne at Roterodame the twenty eight of October in the yeere 1467 and died at Bazel the twelfth of Iuly in the yeere 1531. In New-Kirk-street there is the house in vvhich Erasmus was borne vvherein a Taylor dwelled at this time and vpon the vvall thereof these Verses are written AEdibus his natus mundum decorauit Erasmus Artibus ingenuis Religione side The world Erasmus in this poore house borne With Arts Religion Faith did much adorne The same Verses also vvere vvritten in the Flemmish tongue and vpon the vvall vvas the picture of Erasmus Vpon the same West side is the house for exercise of shooting in the Peece and Crosse-bow The vvaters of Roterodam and Delph being neere the sea are more vvholesome then the standing waters within land Heere I lodged at an English-mans house and paied for my supper tenne stiuers for my breakfast two stiuers and for beere betweene meales fiue stiuers by which expence compared vvith that of the Flemmish Innes it is apparant that strangers in their reckonings pay for the intemperate drinking of their Dutch companions From hence I went by sea three miles to Dort in two houres space to which City we might haue gone great part of the way by vvaggon as farre as Helmund but then we must needs haue crossed an Inland sea for the City is seated in an Iland hauing beene of old diuided from the continent of Holland in a great floud The forme of the City resembles a Galley the length whereof lies from the East to the West Wee landed vpon the North side lying vpon the sea where there be two gates but of no strength On the East side is the New gate Reydike and beyond a narrow water lye fenny grounds On the South side the ditch is more narrow yet the sea ebbs and flowes into it and vpon old walles of stone is a conuenient walking place On this side is the gate Spey-port and beyond the ditch lye fenny grounds On the West side is the gate Feld-port and a like walke vpon walles of stone and there is a greater ebbing and flowing of the sea There is a great Church built of bricke and couered with slate being stately built vvith Arched cloysters and there of old the Counts of Holland were consecrated From this part the two fairest streets Reydike-strat and Wein-strat lie windingly towards the North. Turning a little out of the faire street Reydike-strat towards the South lies the house for exercise of shooting in the Peece Crosse-bow and there by is a very pleasant groue vpon the trees vvhereof certaine birds frequent which we call Hearnes vulgarly called Adhearne or Regle and their feathers being of great price there is a great penalty set on them that shall hurt or annoy those birds There is a house vvhich retaines the name of the Emperor Charles the fift and another house for coyning of money for the Counts of Holland vvere vvont to coyne money at Dort as the Counts of Zealand did at Midleburg Betweene the faire streets Reydike-strat and Wein-strat is the Hauen for ships to be passed ouer by bridges and there is a market place and the Senate house vvhich hath a prospect into both these streets The houses are higher built then other where in Holland and seeme to be of greater Antiquity This Citie by priuiledge is the staple of Rhenish vvines vvhich are from hence carried to other Cities so as no imposition being here paied for the same the pot of Rhenish wine is sold for twelue stiuers for which in other places they pay eighteene or twenty stiuers For three meales I paied heere thirty stiuers From hence I vvent by water to the States Campe besieging Getrudenberg and came thither in two houres space but the vvindes being very tempestuous wee saw a boat drowned before vs out of which one man onely escaped by swimming who seemed to me most wretched in that hee ouer-liued his wife and all his children then drowned The besieged City lies in the Prouince of Brabant and the County of Buren being the inheritance of the Prince of Orange by right of his wife and in this Month of Iune it was yeelded to Count Maurice the Spanish Army lying neere but not being able to succour it The Sea lying vpon this part of Brabant was of old firme land ioined to the continent till many villages by diuers floods and seuenteene
scoffed at vs and to my great maruell the Citizens of good sort did not forbeare this barbarous vsage towards vs. The description of Naples and the Territory A Rome farre distant B Capua D Torre di Graco and the Mountaine Somma E The Mountaine Pausilippo F The Iland Nisita or Nisa G The Iland Procida H S. Martino as I thinke an Iland I Ischia an Iland K Caprca or Capre an Iland L Palmosa an Iland and beyond it the Syrenes Iland famous by tables M The Citie Caieta N Circello a famous Mountaine for the Witch Circe P The Bay of Baie or Pozzoli R Linternum now called Torre della Patria X The Promontory Miseno Y The Cape of Minerua Z The old Citie Cuma a The Gate of Capua b The Kings Gate c The Church S. Clara. d The Castle of S. Ermo eéeee Scattered houses f The Hauen g Il. Molle h The Castle deuouo k The Vice-Royes house l The new Castle m The Lake d'Agnano compassed with the Mountaine Astruno n Grotta del can ' o Solfataria p Pozzoii q Tripergola r The Lake of Auernus s Baie t Cento Camerelle v Piscina mirabile w The Elisian fields From the foresaid part on the East-side of the Citie where we entred by the a Gate of a Capua without the walls towards the land Eight miles frō the Citie lies D Torre di Graco now called Torre d'ottauio where Pliny writer of the Naturall history and Admirall of the Nauey of Augustus was neere the said sower choked with vapours while too curiously he desired to behold the burning of the Mountaine Vesunius now called Somma This Mountaine Somma is most high and vpon the top is dreadfull where is a gulfe casting out flames and while the windes inclosed seeke to breake out by naturall force there haue been heard horrible noises and fearefull groanes Therest of the Mountaine aboundeth with vines and Oliues and there growes the Greckewine which Pliny calles Pompeies wine and of this wine they say this place is called Torredi Graco The greatest burning of this Mountaine brake out in the time of the Emperour Titus the smoke whereof made the Sunne darke burnt vp the next territories and consumed two Cities Pompeia and Herculea and the ashes thereof couered all the fields of that territory It brake out againe in the yeere 1538 with great gaprig of the earth and casting downe part of the Mountaine The Pallace there taking the name of the next Village is called Pietra Biancha that is white stone which on the inside is all of marble decked with carued worke in the very Chambers and there is an Image of a Nymphe sleeping and lying vpon an earthen vessell out of which great quantity of water flowes and falls into Marble Channels wherein fish are kept as in pondes This Pallace was built in the yeere 1530 by a Counseller to the Emperour Charles the fifth At the foote of this Mountaine of old Decius the first of all the Roman Consuls did by vow giue himselfe for the Army And at the bridge of the Brooke Draco the last King of the Gothes Teius was slaine hauing three Bucklers all pierced with his enemies arrowes On the same East side comming backe to Naples yet the saide Mountaine lyes Northward you shall come to a stately Pallace which the Kings of Naples haue built and called it Poggio Reale being not aboue a mile from Naples There of old was seated the Citie Paleopolis and it lies in a most sweete Plaine From the said Pallace the way leades right to the Kingly b Gate called Porta Reale at which onely the King enters in solemne pompe and from this Gate right to the West lies a most faire and large streete called Strada Toletana the way whereof on both sides is raised with a faire and large pauement for men to walk vpon and it hath a faire Market-place When you come to the end of this streete there is the Church of Saint c Clara called vulgarly San ' chiara which was built by Agnes of Spaine wife to King Robert where are artificiall sepulchers of the said Robert comming of the French Kings and of his wife Agnes and of other Kings and Princes of the French family Durczzana And there in a Chappell the Monkes day and night sing with a lamentable voice or rather groane for the rest of their deceased soules In the Church of Saint Dominick is an Altar which they say cost some twenty fiue thousand Crownes and in the Vesterie lie the bodies of nine Kings in coffins of wood couered with peuter hauing black veluet laied ouer them Among these Kings are Alphonso the first King of Aragon and Ferdinand his sonne and Ferdinand the second And in this place also the Monkes in like sort sing or rather houle rest to their soules They shew a Crucifix which they say did speake to Thomas Aquinas in this manner Thomas thou hast written well of me what reward doest them aske And that Thomas should answere No reward Lordbut thy selfe onely I haue heard that Saint Bernard knowing the fraudes and impostures of the Monkes and not dissembling them when the Image of the blessed Virgin did in like sort praise him did with much more pietie and wisdome answere out of S. Paul 1. Cor. 14. Let women be silent in the Church for it is not permitted them to speake Not farre thence are the publike schooles of the Vniuersity which the Emperour Fredericke the second founded there In the most faire Church of the Monkes of Saint Oliuet the Images of Ferdinand the first and Alphonso the second are so liuely engrauen and doe so artificially represent them as well in the bed dying as vpon their knees praying with the mourning of the by-standers the horror of Religion being increased with lampes continually burning as my selfe by chance passing by this Chappell thought I had fallen among liuing Princes not dead Images and perhaps I haue seene a more sumptuous monument but a more beautifull did I neuer see In the little Church of the Hermitane Friers Saint Iohn in Carbonara is a monument of Robert King of Naples and of Ioane the first his sister of white marble being an Altar which the Italians thinke the most stately monumenr of Europe but for my part I dare not preferre it to some in Germany nor to many in England nor to the monuments of the Turkish Emperours Many tables are hung vp by vow in this Church There is a faire sepulcher of white marble erected to N. Caraccioli Marshall of the Kingdome I omit the most faire Church of Saint Mary of the Preachers almost all of marble and the Cathedrall Church called Episcopio and the Church of Saint Laurence Vpon the North-west and by-north part of the City is the Fort called d S. Eremo cut out in a high Rocke yet the ascent thereunto is so easie as a horse-man may well mount to the top Vpon this mountaines top lies a plaine in which this Castle is seated which commands
the City though it were taken by the enemy A little beneath is the monastery of the Carthusians and vpon pretence to enlarge that monastery the Emperour Charles the fifth built this most strong Castle to bridle the wonted petulancy and inconstancy of the Citizens and from thence there is a most sweet prospect as well into the City as to the bayes of the sea Towards the South-side is the Hauen and beyond the f bay of Naples lies firme land for the Sea comming in from the West makes this bay Vpon this side is a fortification for the safety of the hauen which is called g Il Molle it driues off the waues of the sea and makes the Hauen like an halfe Moone and therein at this time were twenty gallies and ten small ships The Armory lies vpon the Sea from whence the gallies and ships and land forces are armed and among other things there is kept the rich Armour yet without any ornament of gold of the French King Francis the first which he did weare when he was taken prisoner at Pauia Thereby lies a large market place in which is a faire fountaine with many Images casting out water Also there is a Tower where they set light by night to guide sea men into the Hauen In the said market place is a stone vpon which many play away their liberty at dice the Kings officers lending them money which when they haue lost and cannot repay they are drawne into the gallies for the Spaniards haue slaues of both sexes On the outside of the said Molle or fortification vpon the hauen towards the west neere to the shore lies the most strong fort called l Castello nuouo seated in a plaine and built by Charles the first of Arion and so fortified by Alphonso the first King of Aragon as it is numbred among the chiefe forts of Europe The inward gate is most faire all of marble and it hath a little fouresquare hall in which the Parliaments are yeerely held and the Viceroyes weekely sit in iudgement Neere this hall is a faire tower in which the Kingly ornaments are laid vp namely a scepter of gold with great diamonds vpon the top the sword with the haft and scabbard of gold adorned with precious stones the Kings Crowne shining with precious stones a golden crosse an huge pot of gold set with precious stones great Vnlcornes hornes and the chiefe kinds of precious stones Further towards the West yet so neere as the garden of the Pallace lies vpon the ditch of this Castle is the k Viceroyes Palace which hath a large and most sweet garden and delicate walk paued with diuers coloured and engrauen marbles And in this garden are two banquetting houses whereof one is very stately built and hath a sweet fountaine close to the table continually powring out water Also there is a delicate cage of birds wrought about with thick wyer and it is as big as an ordinary stil-house delicately shadowed round about wherein are many kinds of singing birds as well of Italy as forraigne Countries A little further within the water is the h Castle of the egge built vpon a rock by the Normans which Rocke is of an ouall forme and gaue the name to the Castle vulgarly called Castel ' del ' vuono which at this day is ruinous and some say it was the Pallace of Lucullus but it is certaine that the Normans built it as they did also another Castle which is old and called the Capuan Castle of the adioining Capuan-gate Naples was of old called Parthenope of one of the Syrens there buried whom they write to haue cast her selfe into the sea for griefe that by no flattery shee could detaine Vlisses with her The Citizens of old Cuma built Naples and left it should grow great to the preiudice of Cuma they pulled it down againe till at last oppressed with a great glague vpon the warning of an oracle they built it againe and changing the old name Parthenope called it Naples which in Greeke signifies a new City It is seated at the foot of hils and mountaines in length from the North-east to the South-west or rather seemeth to be triangular whereof two corners lie vpon the sea and that towards the West is more narrow then the other and the third blunt corner lies towards the mountaines Vpon the East-side there be pleasant suburbs and vpon the West-side more large suburbs but vpon the North-side without the wals there be onely some few eeeee scattered houses built vpon the sides of hils The houses of the City are foure roofes high but the tops lie almost plaine so as they walke vpon them in the coole time of the night or at left in generall the tops are not much erected like other parts of Italy and the building is of free stone and sheweth antiquity but the windowes are all couered with paper or linnen cloth for glasse windowes are most rare in Italy and as it were proper to Venice It hath three faire broad and long streetes namely La Toletano la Capuana and la vicaria the rest are very narrow There be eight gates towards land and as many towards sea among which the Capuan gate since the Emperour Charles the fifth entered thereat is decked with monuments and statuaes There be in this City very many Pallaces of Gentlemen Barons and Princes whereupon the City is vulgarly called Napoli Gentile Among these two Pallaces are most stately one of the Duke of Greuina which the King of Spaine forbad to be finished the other of the Prince of Salerno There be foure publike houses called Seggij in which the Princes and Gentlemen haue yeerely meetings and there also is the daily meeting of the Merchants Almost euery house hath his fountaine of most wholsome waters Neere the market place are many Innes but poore and base for howsoeuer the City aboundeth with houses where they giue lodging and meat yet it deserues no praise for faire Innes of good entertainement On all sides the eye is as it were bewitched with the sight of delicate gardens aswell within the City as neere the same The gardens without the wals are so rarely delightfull as I should thinke the Hesperides were not to be compared with them and they are adorned with statuaes laberinthes fountaines vines myrtle palme cetron lemon orange and cedar trees with lawrels mulberies roses rosemary and all kinds of fruits and flowers so as they seeme an earthly Paradice The fields are no lesse fruitfull bringing forth abundantly all things for the vse of man The Kings stables without the wals are worth the seeing for the horses of this Kingdome are much esteemed and if any man buy a horse to carry out of the Kingdome he payes the tenth part of the price to the King The City being seated vpon the sides of hils and by lying open to the South being subiect to great heates and most parts of the streetes being narrow so as in walking the heat
prospect and likewise a faire picture of Lucretia ready to die No situation can be imagined more pleasant then that of Arqua lying in the mouth of Mountaines abounding with Oliue trees and opening themselues vpon a fruitfull plaine on the East and North sides This plaine yeeldeth nothing in pleasantnes or in fruitfulnes to that of Capua famous for the corrupting of 〈◊〉 Army But it is a 〈◊〉 worke to praise the Euganian hils which so many Poets and Writers haue magnified Vpon Friday the third day of March after the new stile in the beginning of the yeere 1593 according to the Italians beginning the yeere the first of Ianuary of the end of the yeere 1594 according to the English beginning the yeere vpon the twenty fiue of March I turned my face to iourney towards my deere Countrey And the first day I rode eighteene miles to Vicenza through a most pleasant plaine tilled after the manner of Lombardy where one and the same held yeelds plenty of corne and hath Elme trees growing in the furrowes which support the vines so that one field giues bread wine and wood for to burne By the way my curiositie made me turne aside two miles out of the way that I might see a wonderfull Caue and a most pleasant parlor at Costoza in the house of Cesario Irento a Gentleman of Vicenza The Caue was large and fit to receiue diuers bands of souldiers The Parlor was called the prison of AEolus god of the Windes because there were certaine mils which in summer time draw much wind out of hollow Caues and disperse the same through all the chambers of the Paliace refreshing all that dwell there with a most pleasant coole air And vpon this Parlor this verse of Virgill was written AEolus hic clauso ventorum 〈◊〉 cere regnat AEolus here in the winds prison raignes The City of Vicenza is a faire City compassed with a wall of bricke but the building howsoeuer it be very stately is not like to that of other Cities in these parts in this one point namely that the second story of the houses hangeth ouer the streetes and being supported with arches giueth the passengers shelter from raine Here I did see a Theater for Playes which was little but very faire and pleasant In the market place there is a stately Pallace and the monastery of Saint Corona belonging to the preaching Friars is fairely built and hath a rich Library and the Friars keepe for a holy relike the Thorne wherewith Christ was crowned The Citie is subiect to the Venetians and is seated in a plaine hauing mountaines somewhat distant on the North and South sides Here I paid forty soldi for my supper and eighteene soldi for three measures of oates called quarterolli and for the stable so they call hay straw and the stable roome and so I will hereafter call it I paid twenty soldi Here I hired a horse for fiftie six soldi for a foote-man that had attended me hither and was to returne to Paduoa From Vicenza I rode thirty miles to Verona in a most pleasant plaine tilled after the manner of Lombardy lying on my left hand towards Italy farther then I could see and hauing fruitfull nils on my right hand towards the Alpes abounding with vines growing low vpon hort stakes and yeelding rich wines I entered Verona on the East side by the Bishops gate called Porta del'vescono They write that the City was of old called Berona by the name of the Founder thereof but the Friar Leander of Bologna writes that the City was built by the Tuseans and had the name of the Family Vera and was after rebuilt by the Galli Cenomani This most faire City is built in the forme of a Lute the necke whereof lies towards the West on which side the Riuer Athesis running towards the East doth not only compasse the City but runs almost through the center of the body of this Lute so as the lesse part of the body lies on the North side of the Riuer The bankes of Athesis vulgarly called 〈◊〉 Adice are ioined together with three bridges of stone and one of marble and are adorned on both sides with many ruines of an old Theater and old triumphall arches The City is compassed with a wall of bricke and is seated towards the South vpon the end of a large slony plaine and towards the other sides vpon pleasant hils rising towards the distant mountaines It is not built with the houses cast out towards the streetes and supported with Arches to auoid raine as other Cities are in those parts but the building of the houses is stately and the Cathedrall Church is remarkeable for the antiquity as likewise the Church of Saint Anastatius for the great beauty thereof and towards the wals the ground lies void of houses as the manner is in strong Townes It hath a pure aire and is ennobled by the ciuility and auncient Nobility of the Citizens who are indued with a chearefull countenance magnificent mindes and much inclined to all good literature Verona was a free City vnder the Empire about the yeere 1155 till the Family of the Scaligeri growing great in the City about the yeere 1259 did by little and little inuade the freedome of the City and made themselues Lords ouer it At last Anthony Scaliger killing his brother Bartholmew partner with him of that Lordship about the yeere 1381 was driuen out of the City by Vicount Iohn Galeatius the first Duke of Milan and he being dead William Scaliger helped by Francis Carrariensis droue the Garrilon of Milan out of the City in the yeere 1404. But the said Francis killing the said William by poison and the Family of the Scaligers being then so wasted as scarcely any one was to be found of that name the Venetians tooke occasion by this detestable treason of the said Francis to make the City subiect to them but their Army being defeated by the French in the yeere 1509 by a composition made betweene the French King and the Emperour Maximilian the City became subiect to the said Emperour till the Venetians recouered the same out of his hands in the yeere 1517 vnder whose subiection the City to this day flourisheth in great aboundance of all things On the North-side of the City without the wals is the mountaine Baldo hanging ouer the City and famous for the great plenty of medicinable herbes and vpon the side of this mountaine within the wals are no buildings but onely a strong Fort. On the south side lies the way to Mantua 23 miles distant and vpon the same side lies the foresaid stony plaine fiue miles long and ennobled with many skirmishes battels and victories In this plaine the Consull Caius Marius defeated the Cimbri and Odoacer King of the Heruli who destroied the Westerne Empire was defeated by Theodoricus King of the Ostrogothes and the Dutch Emperour Arnolphus Duke of Bauaria was defeated by Hugh of Burgandy then possessing Italy
twelfth did build with Regall expence this Chamber and another called the Chamber of Accounts vulgarly la chambre des comptes In this Pallace the Chappell built by Saint Lewis lyes vpon an arched Chappell which hath no pillars in the middest but onely on the sides and they say that the true Images of Christ and the blessed Virgin are vpon the lower dore And in this Chappell the reliques are kept which Balduinus the Emperour of Constantinople ingaged to the Venetians and the King of France redeemed out of their hands In the very Hall of the Pallace round about the pillars are shops of small wares or trifles Right against the Gate of the Pallace stood the house of Iohn Chastell which was pulled downe in memorie of a young man his sonne brought vp among the Iesuites and a practiser of their wicked doctrine who attempting the death of King Henrie the fourth did strike out one of his teeth I haue said formerly that this Iland was ioyned to the Ville by three Bridges and to the Vniuersitie by two Bridges and at this time is ioyned to them both by the sixth Bridge The first V Bridge towards South-East leades to the street of Saint Martin and is called pont de nostre Dame that is the Bridge of our Lady and it was built of wood in the yeere 1417 hauing threescore walking paces in length and eighteene in breadth and threescore houses of bricke on each side built vpon it But this bridge in the time of Lewis the twelfth falling with his owne weight was rebuilt vpon sixe Arches of stone with threescore eight houses all of like bignesse built vpon it and was paued with stone so that any that passed it could hardly discerne it to bee a Bridge The second Bridge of the Broakers vulgarly W Pont au Change is supported with pillars of wood The third Bridge of the Millers vulgarly called X Pont aux Musniers lies towards the North-West and leades to the streete of Saint Denis which they say did fall and was rebuilt within three yeeres then past By these three Bridges the Iland was of old ioyned to the Ville The fourth Bridge lying on the other side of the Iland towards the South leades into the streete of Saint Iames and is called Y le petit pont that is The little Bridge being rebuilt or repaired of stone by King Charles the sixth The sifth Bridge is called Z Saint Michell and lying towards the South-West side leades into the streete of Saint Michell and hath a pleasant walke towards the foresaid Bridge of the millers on the other side of the Iland and built vpon pillars of wood was repaired in the yeere 1547 and adorned with bricke houses By these two Bridges the Iland was of old ioyned to the Vniuersitie Since that time after the ende of the Ciuill warre a new Bridge hath been lately built on that side of the Iland which lyes towards the North-West and it is called XX pont neuf that is The new Bridge ioyning the Iland both to the Ville and to the Vniuersitie The chiefe streetes of the Iland are the very Bridges and the 〈◊〉 waies leading to the Cathedrall Church and to the greater Pallace The Church or the little Citie compassed with walles in respect of the Church of Saint Denis the Protecting Saint of the French is two little miles distant from Paris Hither I went passing by the Gate of Saint Denis lying towards the North East Thence I passed vpon a way paued with Flint in a large Plaine towards the East hauing Mount Falcon on my right hand whether I said that they vse to draw the dead bodies of those that are beheaded in the Ville and the next way to this mount is to goe out by the Gate of Saint Martin And vpon my left hand I had the Mountaine of the Martirs vulgarly called Mont Martre and the next way from the Citie to this Mountaine is to goe out by the Gate Mont Martre Vpon this Mountaine they say that the Martyrs Dennis Areopagita and Rustieus and Eleutherius were beheaded in the time of Domitian because they would not offer sacrifice to Mercurie And they constantly beleeue this miracle that all these three Martyrs carried each one his head to the Village Catula which now is called Saint Dennis And I obserued by the way many pillars with Altars set vp in the places where they say the Martyrs rested forsooth with their heades in their hand and at last fell downe at Catula where this Church was built ouer them and likewise a a Monastery by King Dagobertus who also lyes there buried and hath a statua in the Cloister of the Monastery Here are the Sepulchers of the Kings among which that of King Francis the 〈◊〉 is somewhat more stately then the other being of white Marble with the statuaes of that King and his Queene Claudia there buried with him That of Lewis the twelfth and his Queene is of white Marble but lesse faire and the third erected to Charles the eight in a Chappell of the Church is of blacke Marble with some statuaes of brasse To conclude to euery three or foure of the rest of the Kings one poore monument is erected Neither are these sepulchers of the Kings in my opinion any thing stately or answerable to the fame But at the entrance of the Chauncell the representation of Christ buried and of the three Kings or Wisemen and of the shepheards and others there engrauen seemed to me who haue no skill in that Art to bee of much Art and beautie I haue read other Itineraries which relate that here are bells of most pure Mettal that the dores are of Brasse guilded ouer that the Table of the high Altar is of Gold that here is a Crosse of Gold offered by King Dagobert that the bodies of the Martyrs are laid in a coffin of Gold that the roofe of the Church is partly of siluer and that there is a Crucifix of Gold before the Altar But I should thinke that these old ornaments are taken away and not to bee seene at this day Hauing viewed Paris I desired to see the French King Henrie the fourth and his Court and because I lately had been robbed aswell of my cloake as of my Crownes here I bought for some two French Crownes an old cloake among the Brokers in the Market place called the Fripperie So I tooke my iourney towards the Court and went by boate vpon the Seyne which boat daily passeth from Paris towards the South nine leagues to Corbeuile and foure leagues to Melune hauing on both sides pleasant Hilles planted with Vines and I payed seuen soulz for my passage Then I went on foote foure miles ouer a Mountaine paued with Flint to the Kings Pallace called Fontain-bleau that is the Fountaine of faire water Beyond the same Mountaine this Pallace of the King is seated in a Plaine compassed with Rockes And it is built with Kingly Magnificence of Free-stone diuided into
is not to be endured and yet they cannot vse Coaches one fashion pleased me beyond measure that at the end of many streetes they had chaires vulgarly called Seggioli di Napoli which those that are weary doe enter and they being couered round about and onely hauing windowes on the sides he that is carried therein cannot be seene of any and yet himselfe may see all that passe Two Porters carry these chaires by two long staues fastened thereunto and lift them but little from the ground and so for a moderate price carry the passenger to any part of the City After I obserued the same fashion at Genoa which is in like sort seated vpon the sides of hils and mountaines and in Cities so seated I thinke this fashion very conuenient The territory of Naples hath many famous antiquities and wonderfull things to be seene which that we might behold we went early in the morning on foot out of the Southwest-side of the City hauing passed long suburbs scattered houses we came within a Musket shot to the mountaine E Pausilippo which is wonderfully pleasant aswell for the houses and villages built vpon it as for the excellent fruits which it yeeldeth of all kinds This mountaine being hard to be ascended extendeth it selfe in good length from the sea towards the land so as the way would be very troublesome to Pozzols either ascending the mountaine or compassing it had they not found a remedy to this inconuenience Therefore the Progenitors of these Citizens which some attribute to Lucullus as they doe all magnificall things and others to one Bassus but Leander the Cosmographer a witnesse without exception attributes it to Coccius a Roman I say their Progenitors with wonderful Art and huge expence digged a passage vnder this mountaine and so made a plaine way to Pozzoli and those parts This way Strabo cals a Caue and it is vulgarly called La grotta di Napoli and serueth this famous City in stead of a gate yet is it a musket shot distant and alwaies lies open And the foresaid Leander witnesseth that it is twelue foot broad twenty foure high and two hundred long to which length if you adde 500. foote more which at both ends was digged but lies not couered as the rest but in open aire this worke may well be said to be an Italian mile long My selfe obserued that part of the passage vnder the mountaine to bee nine hundred and sixteene walking paces long and nine broad and the hight I imagined to double the bredth yet is it in some places biger then in other And for the bredth it is certaine that two Coaches or Carts may passe together one by the other The enterance and the going out at the other end are like two gates and of old light came in by many holes or windowes from the top of the mountaine but the falling of earth did by little and little stop this light and in the time of Seneca this passage was so darke as he compares it to a prison and at last the light was so stopped by the fall of earth by nettles and shrubs as there was no light at all till Alphonso the first of Aragon King of Naples opened two windowes towards the two ends which onely light it hath at this day to direct passengers At the entrance of either end the opposite gate seemes no bigger then a full Moone and a man entering there would seeme a little child It hath no light in the middest but like twilight or the Ouidian light which is in thicke woods and in the twilight of morning and euening passengers vse torches continually the carters or horsmen when they passe by the midst of the caue vse to giue warning one to the other crying vulgarly Alla marina that is towards the sea or Alla Montagna that is towards the mountaine according to the side on which they come Before we entered this caue among other stately Pallaces one vulgarly called Merguilino built by Iames Sanazzarro a famous Poet almost of our age and giuen by his last will to a religious house contains the sepulcher of a learned man vpon which Bembus is said to haue written these verses Da sacro cineriflores hic ille Maroni Sincerus Musaproximus vt tumulo These relikes decke with flowers Sincer us here In tombe as muse to Maro comes most neere Vpon the mountaine of Pausilippo is the sepulcher of Virgil shewed in two places whom Seruius writes to haue beene buried in this way neere Naples and that these verses were written vpon his sepulcher Mantua me genuit Calabrirapuere tenet nunc Parthenope cecinipascua rura Duces Mantuan borne Calaber dead me holds Parthenope who sung ploughs Dukes sheepefolds Or thus Mantua gaue me life Calabry death my graue Parthenope who sung pastures Ploughs Captaines braue Or thus Mantua life did lend to me Calabers laid me on deaths carre My bones lie at Parthenope Who sung sheepe tillage feates of warre And the best iudgements hold that he was buried in the Church of the Friars regular canons at the entrance of the caue as you go frō Naples not in the Church at the going out of the Caue and though both places shew the sepulcher yet these verses are in neither place but the inscriptions are worne out with age the Monks report that there was a statua of brasse vpon his sepulcher which those of Mantua stole fro thence indeede at Mantua they shew such a statua whether stolne from hence or no let them dispute When we had passed this Caue wee bent our way from the Sea towards the land and came to the Mountaine m Astrune being of forme like a Theater compassing a large Plaine Alphonso the first King of Aragon and Naples and his sonne Ferdinand vsed to inuite the Princes Nobles and People of the Kingdome to hunting in this place turning the dogs and beasts they hunted into the valley himselfe and the noble men sitting in a pleasant Groue vpon the top of the Mountaine and the people being scattered round about the Mountaine to behold the sport In the same plaine compassed with this Mountaine is the Lake of m Agnano which is said to be without bottome and to haue nothing in it but frogs And at the foote of the inside of the Mountaine next to Naples there is a venimous Caue vulgarly called n la grotta del'can ' that is the Caue of the dogge because they trie the poison by putting dogs into it This Caue is some eight foote high and sixe broad and goeth some foure paces vnder the Mountaine where a signe is set beyond which if any liuing thing passe it presently dies Pliny writes that this caue was called Cherone a scrobae euaporating a pestilent aire We gaue two poli to a woman dwelling there for a dog to trie the poyson with it which dog wee fastened to a long staffe and so thrust him into the caue holding him there till he seemed dead and being taken
wall of the Chappell shineth like a glasse with precious stones where the Pope Sixtus Quintus commanded Michael Angelo to paint the day of Iudgement and the common report is that this Pope promised this famous Painter that he would not come into the Chappell till he had finished his worke yet by some Cardinals perswasions that he broke his promise and that the Painter thereupon made the pictures of the Pope and the Cardinals in hell amongst the Diuels so liuely as euery man might know them Betweene this Chappell and the Conclaue where they chuse the Popes lies a Kingly Gallery not vn worthily called vulgarly Sala Regia which others call Sala del Conclaue The wall of this Gallery in like sort shineth with pretious stones and the pauement is of pretious marble the arched roose all guilded and at the vpper end I wondred to see the Massacro of Paris painted vpon the wall with the Popes inscription greatly commending that detestable cruelty At the same vpper end the foresaid Chappell as you come vp lies one the left hand and the Conclaue on the right hand in which Conclaue the Cardinals meete to chuse the Pope deuided into seuerall roomes but meeting at a common table and when they haue chosen him they leade him into a Chappell at the lower end and neere the dore of the said Kingly Gallery and place him there vpon a hollow seate of Marble I know not whether this be the chaire in which the sex of the Pope is tried but I am sure it is hollow with a hole in the bottom After they put a Banner out of a high window and there make knowne to the people the name that the Pope hath chosen and then his armes are hung vp round about This Chappell at the lower end of the said Gallery hath the name of Pope Paul the third of the Family of Farnese and it is little and of a round forme as I remember but it is beautifull beyond imagination The images of the Apostles seeme to bee of siluer and Paradice painted vpon the arched roofe with Angels flying being the worke of Michael Angelo seemed to me admirable Vpon the other side of the said Library is the priuate Gallery of the Pope looking into the Garden 3 Beluedere which is seated vpon the side of the Mount Vatican where Pope Innocent the eight built part of the Pallace and called it Beluedere of the faire prospect of all Rome subiect to the eye And Pope Iulius the second placed in this Garden many very faire statuaes namely of the Riuer Nilus of the Riuer Tyber of Romulus and Remus playing with the papps of a shee-Wolfe all being placed in the open Garden and a most faire statua of Apollo another admirable statua of Lycaon with his children another of the boy Antoninus whom the Emperour Adrian loued another of Hercules another of Cupid another of Venus another of Cleopatra sleeping with her arme ouer her face and bearing a Serpent being a wonderfull faire statua And these are all locked vp and not to be seene without fauour Hence we went to the Castle 4 of Saint Angelo of old called Moles Adriani for it was the Sepulcher of the Emperour Adrian vpon the top whereof was the Pineapple of brasse which before I said was since placed in the open Court-yard of Saint Peters Church This Sepulcher of Adrian called Moles 4 was demolished by Beasarius in the warre of the Goathes vpon the ruines whereof Pope Boniface the eight built this Castle and Pope Alexander the sixth compassed it with walles and ditches and placed therein a guard of Souldiers and built from this Castle to the Popes Pallace an open and a close gallery by which vpon any tumult the Pope may passe safely from his Pallace to the Castle And after Pope Paul the third built very faire chambers in this Castle On the outside is the statua of Pope Pius the fourth and within is the statua of Paul the third vpon which these verses are written of the Emperour Charles the fifth comming to Rome E Lybia venit Romanas victor ad arces Caesar in niueis aureus iuit Equis Ille triumphauit sed tu plus Paule triumphas Victor namque tuis oscula dat pedibus With victory to Rome from Affrick came Caesar on milke white Horses golden all He Triumph'd Paul thy triumph hath more fame This Conquerour to kisse thy feete did fall In this Castle they shew the head of Adrtan the statua of Saint Peter a bunch of Grapes of brasse the place where the Cardinall Caictan escaped out of prison and a Trap-doore where prisoners are let downe into a dungeon The chambers are built in a circle round about the great chamber in the middest which is called Salaregia and without is a round Garden within the walles and vpon the top of the Castle in the place of the said Pine-apple is the statua of the Angell Michael of which the Castle hath the name The medowes of Qutntis Cincinates lie neere this Castle In the 5 Market place or field before the Church of Saint Peter where of old was Metonianus Circus Sixtus Quintus adorning Rome with many ornaments erected an Obeliske seuentie two foote high vpon the top whereof the ashes of Iulius Caesar were put of old but in the yeere 1586 this Pope consecrated the same to the Crosse and put vpon the top of it a Crosse guilded and beneath foure Lions guilded This Obeliske is vulgarly called La Guglia di S. Pietro The globe in which the ashes of Iulius Caesar were put is now shewed in the Capitoll and in the place thereof stands the said Crosse with the Armes of the said Pope In this part of the Citie called Il Borgo and in the very Market-place before Saint Peters Church is another Church called Saint Marie In Campo Santo because the yard thereof is all of earth brought from Hierusalem wherein all strangers are buried and they say there bodies are consumed in three dayes Neere that lies the Church of Saint Spirito called also Sassia of the Saxons that of old dwelled there and this is an Hospitall for the sicke and for Orphanes the rent whereof is said to haue been each day seuen thousand Crownes till Pope Sixtus Quintus did alien great part thereof to other vses and still of the surplusage at the yeeres ende many Orphen Virgins are married The Chappell of Saint Angelo lies close to the Castle and was built by the Pope who singing the Leteny there in the time of a great plague made the Romans beleeue that he did see Michael the Angell putting vp a bloudy sword in the sheath and hereof the Castle hath the name And it is a Schoole or Fraternitie of Gentlemen like to our Companies in London The Church of Saint AEgidius the Abbot hath great concourse to it in the moneth of September when Agues raigne in Rome for this Saint is the Patron for Agues From hence we went out of II Borgo by the
Paul vpon mount Celius that of Saint Mary In Dominica that of Saint Sistus that of Saint Sabina vpon Monnt Auentine in which they shew a stone cast by the Diuell at the head of Saint Dominicke and broken by miracle that of Saint Prisca of old dedicated to Hercules that of Saint Balbina vpon Mount Auentine that of Saint Iohn at the gate Latina where it is said Domitian cast Saint Iohn into boyling oyle but he escaped without hurt that of Saint Mary in Via without the gate of Saint Paul towards Ostia all these Churches giuetitles to Cardinals Neere the Church of Saint Alexius is a palme tree whereof I remember not to haue seene any other at Rome In the Church of Saint Saua the Abbot neere the other vpon Mount Auentine be the sepulchers of the Emperours Vespasian and Titus his son of white marble and the Altar hath two pillars of porphery The third day we began our view of Rome at the 10 pillar of the Emperor Traian erected to him making warre against the Parthians which he neuer saw dying in his returne It is seated in a little market place and was consecrated by Pope Sixtus the fifth to Saint Peter whose Image of brasse guilded ouer is set vpon the top thereof with this inscription in Latin Sixtus the fifth dedicated it to Saint Peter the third yeere of his Popedome The victories and actions of Traian are ingrauen vpon it and his ashes were of old placed in the top and here also was the horse of Traian This pillar is said to be one hundred twenty three foote high and it hath within two hundred twenty three staires to the top and forty foure windowes to let in light Hence we turned towards the City and came to 11 Campus Martius neere the hill Citorius which now is called piazza Colonna of the pillar of Antoninus Pias there erected which Pope Sixtus the fifth dedicated to Saint Paul setting his Image on the top and it hath about one hundred and seuenty staires to ascend and fifty sixe windowes and the outside is curiously engrauen with the actions of Antoninus The foresaid Campus Martius was the field of Tarquin the proud which the people of Rome dedicated to Mars for military exercises Neere the Church of Saint Mary liberatrice dalle pene d'Inferno seated in Forum Rominum and neere the 23 Arch of Settimius was of old the Temple of Vesta where her Virgines kept the sacred fier and the Image of Minerua and being conuicted of vnchaftity were led out of the gate Salaria with silence and were buried aliue in a place there called Campus Seeleratus being left or buried in a caue with a candle lighted and water and milke Neere this Church are most high pillars of the ruines of a marble gallery which Caligula built from the Capitoll to the Mount Palatine The 12 Church of S. Mary Soprala Minerua is so called for being of old consecrated to Minerua and it giues the title of a Cardinall Behind the Altar is the statua of Pope Leo the tenth and neere it another of Clement the seuenth both of white marble and another of Paul the fourth of brasse In this Church I did see the most proud procession of the Pope and there was such a presse to kisse his feet as I had almost beene carried by force to passe them or vndergoe capitall danger by refusall The Church of 13 Saint Mary Retonda was of old called Pantheon and the building is most ancient and magnificent being round in forme hauing no window but all the light comming from the open roofe whence the water falling is conuaied vnder the pauement and it is about seuenty walking paces large euery way The porch is borne vp with fifteene marble pillars each pillar being of one stone and all of admirable beauty and bignes The doore is of brasse the wals of brick with the inside couered with precious stones and the pauement is of marble and porphery Marcus Agrippa sonne in law to Augustus built this Church and dedicated it to Iupiter the Reuenger and to Ceres and to all the gods whereupon it was called Pantheon Not farre thence are the ruines of the Bath of Agrippa in a place called Ciambella und neere the Church of Saint Eustace great ruines of the Baths of Nero are yet remaining The place of old called 14 Circus Agonius is now called la piazza Nauona and it is the largest market place of Rome wherein markets are kept euery wednesday The Romans vsed it to see plaies and games of old being a large place yet of greater length then bredth Here lies the Spaniards Church Saint Iacobo and many of that Nation dwell there who vpon Easter euen and vpon festiuall times of their owne Nation vse to make fier-workes there with many other solemne games It hath three fountaines but the building is poore At one end of this market place in a corner of a street opposite to a publike Pallace is the statua of Pasquin vpon a wall of a priuate house which hath neither armes nor feet they being cut off by passengers in the night For all libels euen against the Pope himselfe vse to be made in forme of a dialogue and fastened vpon this statua of Pasquine and another of Marforio whereof I shall speake after they two bearing the persons one of the question maker the other of the answeret Neere the Church of 15 Saint Mary de la Consolatione as we came backe into the City our guide shewed vs a place where the house of Ouid did stand Concerning the Churches lying about the Mount Capitoline that of Saint Mary In Acquiro seated in the market place vulgarly piazza Crapanella giues the title of a Cardinall In the same market place is the monastery and Church of the Iesuites The Church of Saint Mauro hath a little Obeliske erected That of Saint Eustaeo giues the title to a Cardinall Neere it lies the Church of Saint Lew is proper to the French for all Kingdomes and Prouinces haue their peculiar Churches at Rome The Church of Saint Apollinaris and that of Saint Thomas In pariont and that of Saint Laurence In Damaso and that of Saint Angelo Inpiscaria which of old was confecrated to Inno and that of Saint Nicholas In Carcere doe all giue the titles of Cardinals The Church and Hospitall called Saint Mary del ' Anima is proper to the Dutch Nation The Church and Hospitall of Saint Thomas vulgarly di S. Tomaso is built for the English and is seated neere the 25 Pallace of Farnest The fourth day we began the view of Rome at the Market-place called 16 la piazza di Fieri lying in the way from the Iland of Tyber as you goe to the Bridge of S. Augelo Here was the house of the harlot Flora who made the people of Rome her heire wherupon the Romans to couer her shame made her the goddesse of flowers and yeerely kept her birth day vpō the third of April of which feast
hauing eleuen pillars seuen foote distant one from the other whereof many were of porphery and had beautifull spots The highest roofe of the Church on the inside is painted with Histories of the Scripture with a rich painting that shineth with gold and glasse as if it were enameled called in Italian Alla Mosaica and the pauement is rich with stones of marble porphery and Iaspar From the lesse Church called of Saint Katherine we entred a Caue vnder the earth where the Friars gaue euery one of vs a lighted waxe candle in his hand Let them place what religion they will therein I am sure the Caue was so darke as we could not haue passed it without a light In this Caue wee did first see the bones of the Infants killed by Herod then the Sepulchers of Eusebius and of Saint Ierome in his Chappell for they hold that he long dwelt there Then they did lead vs into a more darke place where they say he did liue an austere life fifty yeeres space and translated the Bible out of Hebrew into Latine and wrote many volumes But the place seemed to me more fit to dull the braine then to yeeld such fruites of wit by reason it was darke and digged deepe vnder ground From this Caue we ascended by ten marble staires into a Chappell all couered with marble and lying in length from the West at which end we entered to the East And from this West end as well Turkes as Christians of all sects goe vpon their knees to the Easterne end and there kisse a marked stone in the pauement in which verie place they say the Redeemer of the World was borne By this stone on the South-side lieth a little Chappell hauing two doores onely diuided with a pillar In which Chappell at the right hand or West-side is a manger raised from the ground and all of marble in which they say Christ was laid after his birth and in the wall they shew a stone hauing as they say the liuely picture of Saint Hierome In the said little Chappell on the left hand or East side they shew a place where they say Christ was circumcised and shed the first drops of his precious blood for the sauing of mankind And there they fhewed another place where they say the Wise-men of the East adored Christ and offered to him their gifts The wals of both Chappels the pauements and all things are couered with marble The roofe on the inside is painted with the foresaid rich pictures glistering likeenamelled worke To conclude all things are stately and rich and remain so vnder the Turkish tiranny yet more rich in the Chappell of Chrsts birth then in the greater Church where all things then began to fall to ruine because the Turkes beleeue not that Christ died The Turkes doe so reuerence this monument of Christs birth as they creepe groueling vpon hands knees to kisse the said stone yet in the meane time they despise the monuments of his death because they beleeue not that he died From hence going Backe the same way we entered they shew vpon the right hand a hole in the highest roofe of the Church by which they say the starre that conducted the Wise-men fell from aboue into the bowels of the earth Can he forbeare laughter who considers the bignes of the starres yea euen of Comets as some write that was specially finding no mention of this falling of the starre to be made in the holy scriptures The City or Village of Bethlehem is distant from Ierusalem some fiue miles in Turky I alwaies vnderstand Italian miles and we came hither from the Westerne gate of Ierusalem through a faire way and mountaines planted with Vines Oliues and fruitfull Trees Bethlehem is seated vpon Mountaines and hath pleasant hils on the East and South-sides a pleasant plaine on the North-side ending in great mountaines towards Ierusalem 84 As wee went out of Bethlehem to visit the Monuments here they shewed vs the field in which the Angell made knowne the birth of Christ to the Shepheards and the Caue wherein they did lie by day to shun the heate of the Sunne 85 Here they say the Patriarch Lot planted the first Vine 86 Here beyond pleasant Hilles wee did distinctly see the Plaine of Iordan and the dead Sea with the situation of Sodom and Gomorra 87 Here they say Bethalia was seated of old 88 Here we did see the ruines of a house in which they say Ioseph the Virgins Husband did dwell 89 Here they say the Virgin hid her selfe from the tyranny of Herod 90 Here they say that King Salomon had his Garden The Franciscan Friers sent out of Italy each third yeere into these parts did courtcously intertaine vs at Bethlehem and at our first comming in imitation of Christ they washed our feete It happened that my brother fell sicke here of an Ague and so when our consorts vpon Saterday in the euening returned to Ierusalem wee were forced to stay here that night But the next day in the euening we came to them at the Monastery of Ierusalem And because they made haste to returne homeward wee went forth the next day being Munday the tenth of Iune earely in the morning to see the Mountaines of Iudea And that day it happened that I was troubled with loosenesse of body whereof I made good vse as I shall hereafter shew which makes me name it We went out of the Citie at the Gate of Ioppa on the West side and vpon our right hand they shewed vs 91 this place where they say that Salomon was anointed King 92 Thence we went right forward to a Fountaine in the Desart where they say Phillip the Apostle did interpret the Scriptures to the Eunuch of Candace Queene of Ethropii and baptized him 93 Here they say is the Desart in which Iohn Baptist preached and they shewed vs his Caue cut out of a Rocke and a long stone therein vpon which he vsed to lye and a pleasant spring issuing out of the Rocke where hee vsed to drinke and another stone vpon which he vsed to sit 94 He e we came to the Mountaines or Mountanous places of Iudea and here they say the Prophet Zacharias dwelt where a woman of the Moores kept the Church of old built there 95 From hence a Musket shot or little more is another house which they say belonged to Zacharias and in one of these houses he pronounced the Song Blessed bee the Lord God of Israel c. And when the Virgin visited Elizabeth the Babe here sprang in her wombe and the Virgin here pronounced the Song My soule doth magnifie c. And Iohn Raptist was borne here 96 From this place they say the Tree was taken vpon which the Crosse of Christ was made and Greeke Friers keepe the Church that was here built This place is two miles distant from Ierusalem whether we returned the same way we came out and entered the Citie by the West Gate of Ioppa The
we found the Venetian ship are in the description of Constantinople noted with the letters W and X and they are now commonly called the Castles of Gallipolis but of old that noted with the letter W was called Sestos being a Citie in Thrace in which the most faire Hero was borne and dwelt and the other noted with the letter X was called Abydos being a Citie of Asia the lesse in which Leander dwelt famous for his loue to Hero and these Castles are diuided by the Hellespont some two miles broad at least so narrow as Leander is said often to haue swomme ouer it to his beloued Hero The Castle of Sestos more specially is seated in a most fertile soyle for Nairo the next adioyning towne yeeldes excellent Wines and all necessaries to sustaine life plentifully Howsoeuer the ships ought and vse to bee staied here for three daies yet a very faire winde blowing and all duties being performed the Patrons of the ships by a large gift to the Officers sometimes obtaine leaue to depart sooner They say that each passenger by Pole payeth here one zechine for tribute but perhaps this belongs onely to Merchants for my selfe my seruant and the English Gentleman in my company hauing giuen betweene vs one zechine to the substitutes of the Venetian Bailiffe so their Ambassador is called we were dismissed vpon their motion yet we moreouer gaue fortie aspers to a Ianizare and fiftie aspers to a Chiauslar for the fees of their offices It being vnwholsome to sleep aboue the hatches of the ship at this time of the yeere though in summer time I made choice to sleepe so when I sailed from Venice to Ierusalem we three namely my selfe the English Gentleman and my seruant gaue for each of vs three zechines to the Pilot to be partners with him in his cabin which by his Office hee had proper to himselfe in the Castle of the ship and to the Patron or Master of the ship for our diet we paid each of vs after the rate of fiue zechines and a halfe by the moneth as well at Sea as in Harbors and for our passage we ioyntly paid ten ducats of Venice so as I still paid two parts of three in all expences besides that wee brought with vs some hundreds of Egges and a vessell of excellent Wine of Palormo which our Ambassadour at Constantinople gaue vs. Vpon Monday the seuenth of March after the old stile vsed in Turky by all Christians and others in the afternoone we set sayle and passed the straight of Hellespont and the same night sayled by the foresaid Iland of Tenedos This Sea is called Pontus of the adiacent Prouince of Asia the lesse named Pontus which Prouince containes Colchis famous by the old Argonauticall expedition Capidocia and Armenia The eight of March early in the morning we did see tha Iland Lemnos famous for a kind of earth there digged and in Latin called Terra Sigillata vpon our right hand and the Ilands Metelene and Chios now called Zio and the Citie Smyrna vpon the continent of Asia the lesse vpon our left hand to omit Ephesus not farre distant vpon the same continent And being now entred into the AEgean Sea now called Archipelagus of fiftie Ilands standing like Arches and not farre distant one from the other which are called Cyclades or Sporades the ninth of March hauing now sailed eightie miles and being to sayle by the Iland Saint George of Skyra the windes were so contrary as wee were forced to strike sayles and lie at hull that is tossed to an fro by the waues The same day we set sayle and left the Iland Andros one of the Cyclades and the Iland Tyno subiect to the Venetians on our left hand or towards the East and the Iland Negropont lying close to the continent of Attica and right ouer against the ruines of famous Athens on our right hand or towards the West The tenth and eleuenth of March wee sayled 100 miles in the same Sea full of Ilands and sailed by the Ilands Gia and Makarone But towards night contrary windes rising high and we fearing to bee cast vpon some shoare of many adiacent Ilands againe we struck sayle and lay at hull tossing to and fro but making small or no progresse The twelfth of March early in the morning we set sayle and sayled by the Iland Milo of old called Miletum where Saint Paul landed Acts 20. 15 and a neere Iland Sdiles of old called Delos and most famous for the Oracle of Apollo and the Promontory of Morea of old called Peloponesus containing many Prouinces of Greece which promontory is called Capo Malleo The thirteenth of March hauing sayled one hundred and ninety miles we passed by the Iland Cerigo not subiect to the Turkes as most of the Ilands are but to the Venetians who in a Castle on the South side keepe a Garrison of souldiers It is one of the Cyclades seated at the entrance of the Archipelagus towards the South scarce fiue miles distant from Morea the foresaid continent of Greece and some one hundred and fiftie miles from Candia the chiefe Citie of the Iland Candia and was of old called Scotera also Porphoris of that precious kind of Marble there digged and also Citherea of which as her chiefe seate Venus is often so called And to this day there are seene the ruines of a Temple dedicated to Venus and of a Pallace belonging to Menelaus the husband of Helena From the thirteenth to the seuenteenth of March the windes were so contrary or scant as wee onely sayled one hundred and twenty miles and tooke harbour in the Iland Zante subiect to the Venetians whereof I made mention in my voyage from Venice to Ierusalem Here some English Merchants continually reside and the Hauen being commodious and most ships that trade in these Seaes vsing to put into this Harbor the goods that are diuersly transported thence are vulgarly but falsely esteemed the natiue commodities of the Iland It hath scarce sixtie miles in circuit and the Mountaines round about vpon the Sea-side inclose a pleasant and fruitfull Plaine The Hauen is like an halfe Moone increasing and the chiefe Towne called Zante lies in a little Plaine vpon the innermost part thereof in length The buildings of the houses are two stories high with a tyled but low roofe without any windowes according to the building of Italy but are poore and base for the matter so as the onely beautie of the Towne lies in the Castle built at the East end vpon a high Hill being of a large circuit and containing many houses and Churches within the walles thereof In which Castle the Gouernour called il Podestà and the other Venetian inferiour Magistrates dwell and giue Law to the people of that Iland The Turkish Pirats of Saint Mauro in Morea hauing lately set vpon and taken a huge Venetian ship did lade seuenteene of their little barques with the most pretious goods
Iuly in the yeere 1597 our hearts beingfull of ioy that our mercifull God had safely brought vs thither This early hower of the morning being vnfit to trouble my friends I went to the Cocke an Inne of Aldersgate streete and there apparrelled as I was laid me downe vpon a bed where it happened that the Constable and watchmen either being more busie in their office then need was or hauing extraordinary charge to search vpon some foraine intelligence and seeing me apparrelled like an Italian tooke me for a Iesuit or Priest according to their ignorance for the crafty Priests would neuer haue worne such clothes as I then did But after some few howers when I awaked and while I washed my hands did inquire after my friends health dwelling in the same streete the Host of the house knowing me dismissed the watchmen that say to apprehend me and told me how I had been thus mistaken CHAP. V Of the iourney through England Scotland and Ireland HE that desires to see the Cities and Antiquities of England Scotland and Ireland let him reade the Chapter of the vsuall manner of all kingdomes to iourney and to hire Coches and horses and also the Chapter wherein these Kingdomes are Geographically described out of Camden or if he list rather let him reade Camden himselfe of this point and lastly let him in the same last named Chapter peruse the diet of these Kingdomes and the entertainement in Innes Touching the distances of places by miles first for England he shall easily find a little printed booke particularly setting downe the same For Scotland I will briefely set downe my iourney therein And for Ireland the Cities being rare and farre distant hee must haue a guide who may without great trouble inquire them out Onely giue me leaue for the helpe of strangers to adde this one thing namely how they being curious to search antiquities and loth to omit the light of things worthy of obseruation may to this purpose best dispose of their iournies which all other men may fit to their endes and purposes First let them passe out of Normandy to Rhye an English Hauen in Sussex then let them visit such of the fiue Kentish Ports as they please let them see Cânterbury famous for the Seate of the Metropolitan Archbishop then the Castle of Qüinborrough in the Iland of Shoppey and the Regall Nauy then let them passe by Rochester a Bishops Seate the Regall Pallace at Greenewich and Depford the Nauall storehouse and not farre thence see the broken ribbes of the ship wherein famous Sir Francis Drake compassed the World and so let them come to London When they haue viewed the Monuments of London and Westminster and seene the Kings Court they may take a cursory iourney to view such antiquities in Middlesex Surry and Barkshire as vpon the reading of Camden they shall most desire to see and especially all or the chiefe Pallaces of the King Againe from London they may take a cursory iourney to see the Vniuersity of Oxford and so by Worcester returne to London In their iourney to the confines of England and Scotland they may see the Vniuersitie of Cambridge and view the most choise antiquities mentioned by Master Camden in Harfordshire Northamptonshire Lincolnsheire Yorkeshire Durham and Northumberland My selfe vpon occasion of businesse in the month of Aprill and the yeere 1598 tooke a iourney to these said confines namely to Barwick a Towne then very strongly fortified by the English to restraine the sudden incursions of the Scots and abounding with all things necessary for food yea with many dainties as Salmons and all kindes of shell-fish so plentifully as they were sold for very small prices And here I found that for the lending of sixtie pound there wanted not good Citizens who would giue the lender a faire chamber and good dyet as long as he would lend them the mony Being to returne from Barwicke I had an earnest desire first to see the King of Scots Court So from hence I rode in one day fortie miles to Edenborrow the chiefe Citie of that Kingdome And in this said daies iourney after foure miles riding I came to Aton a Village where the Lord of Hames dwelles whose Family was powerfull in those parts After sixteene miles more I came to Dunbar which they said to haue been of old a Towne of some importance but then it lay ruined and seemed of little moment as well for the pouertie as the small number of inhabitants After the riding of eight miles more on the left hand towards the West and something out of the high way the pleasant Village Hadrington lay which the English in the raigne of Queene Elizabeth tooke and kept against the French who drawne ouer in the time of faction kept the Towne of Dunbar and fortified the same When I had ridden fiue miles further I came to the ancient and according to the building of that Kingdome stately Pallace of the L. Seton beautified with faire Orchards and Gardens and for that clime pleasant Not farre thence lyes the Village Preston-graung belonging to the Family of the Cars powerfull from these parts to the very borders of England within land After I had ridden three miles more I came to the Village Fisherawe neere which beyond a Brooke lyes the Village Musselborow in a stony soyle famous for a great Victorie of the English against the Scots On the left hand towards the West and something out of the high way the Queene of Scots then kept her Court in the absence of the King at the Village Dawkeith in a Pallace belonging to the Earle of Murray From the said Village Fishrawe I rode the rest of the way being foure miles and so in one dayes iourney as I said came to Edenborow seated in Lodouey of old called Fictland the most ciuill Region of Scotland being hilly and fruitfull of corne but hauing little or no wood This City is the seat of the King of Scotland and the Courts of Iustice are held in the same Of old according to the changeable fortune of warre it was sometimes in the possession of the Scots sometimes of the English inhabiting this Easterne part of Scotland till the English Kingdome being shaken with the inuasions of the Danes at last about the yeere 960. it became wholly in the power of the Scots This City is high seated in a fruitfull soyle and wholsome aire and is adorned with many Noblemens Towers lying about it and aboundeth with many springs of sweet waters At the end towards the East is the Kings Pallace ioyning to the Monastery of the Holy Crosse which King Dauid the first built ouer which in a Parke of Hares Conies and Deare an high mountaine hangs called the chaire of Arthur of Arthur the Prince of the Britanes whose monuments famous among all Ballad-makers are for the most part to be found on these borders of England and Scotland From the Kings Pallace at the East the City still riseth
Lord Deputies discretion But their Lordships aduised warily to obserue and know such as offered submission because it had alwaies been the Arch-traitors practise to let slip such as he could not defend that they might saue their goods and liue vpon her Maiestie without any intent to doe her seruice Lastly whereas the Lord of Dunkellin by his letters in regard of some restrictions whereby hee was disabled to serue her Maiestie as he desired had made offer to resigne the gouernement he had in the Prouince of Connaght And forasmuch as the Queene was alwaies vnwilling to imploy any great Lord in his owne Countrie yet finding him placed in that gouernement by the Earle of Essex had still continued him there only out of her speciall fauor to him And for that of late some insolencies had bin offered to Companies of the English by the old Earle of Clanrieards soldiers in her Maiesties pay Their Lordships signified that the Queenes pleasure was to accept the Lord of Dunkellins resignation in the fairest maner and withall carefull tendering of his honour aduising the Lord Deputie to inuite him to accompany his Lordship and serue in the Army vnder him And Sir Arthur Sauage then a Colonel of the Army and lying with his Company at Athlone was appointed prouisionall Gouernour of the Prouince of Connaght except the Lord Deputie knew some sufficient cause to the contrary The Lord Deputy hauing attained his end of drawing the Army into the North by the safe landing and setling of Loughfoyle Garrison in the farthest North of Ireland on Tyrones backe His Lordship the twentie eight of May hearing that Tyrone had drawne backe his men two miles further into the fastnesse and being informed that the Pace of the Moyrye by reason of much wet lately fallen and the Rebels breaking of the causey was hard to passe returned by Carlingford pace to Dundalke and so to Dublin where he vnderstood that the Rebels had in his absence burned the Pale though he left for defence of it 2000 foot and 175 horse in Lemster but the damage was not answerable to the clamour for many priuate men haue in England sustained greater losse by casuall fire in time of peace then the whole Pale had done by the enemies burning in warre and many priuate men in England haue in one yeere lost more cattel by a rot then the Pale lost by this spoyling of the rebels of which they lamentably complained Besides that indeede this burning and spoyling of the very Pale did further the greatest end of finishing the warres no way so likely to be brought to an end as by a generall famine Giue me leaue to digresse a little to one of the fatall periods of Robert the noble Earle of Essex his tragedy and the last but one which was his death whereof the following relation was sent into Ireland The fifth of Iune there assembled at Yorke-house in London about the hearing of my Lord of Essex his cause eighteene Commissioners viz. my Lord of Canterburie Lord Keeper Lord Treasurer Lord Admi Lords of Worcester Shrewsbury Cumberland Huntington Darby Zouch Mast. Comptroller Master Secretarie Sir Ihon Fortescu Lord Popham Chiefe Iustice Lord Anderson Chiefe Iustice of the common Pleas Lord Perian Chiefe Baron of the Exchequer Iustices Gaudy and Walmesley They sate from eight of the clock in the morning till very neere nine at night all at a long table in chaires At the Earles comming in none of the Commissioners stirred cap or gaue any signe of curtesie He kneeled at the vpper end of the Table and a good while without a cushion At length my Lord of Canterbury moued my Lord Treasurer and they ioyntly my Lord Keeper and Lord Admirall that sat ouer against them then was he permitted a cushion yet still was suffered to kneele till the Queenes Sergeants speech was ended when by the consent of the Lords he was permitted to stand vp and after vpon my Lord of Canterburies motion to haue a stoole The manner of proceeding was this My Lord Keeper first deliuered the cause of the assembly and then willed the Queenes Counsaile at Law viz Sergeant Attorney Solicitor and Master Bacon to informe against him The Sergeant began and his speech was not long onely a preface as it were to the accusations The summe of it was to declare the Queenes Princely care and prouision for the warres of Ireland and also her gratious dealing with the Earle before he went in discharging ten thousand pound of his debts and giuing him almost so much more to buy him horses and prouide himself and especially in her proceedings in this cause when as after so great occasion of offence as the consumption of a royall Army fruitlesse wasting thirty hundred thousand 〈◊〉 treasure contempt and disobedience to her expresse commandement she notwithstanding was content to be so mercifull towards him as not to proceede against him in any of her Courts of Iustice but only in this priuate sort by way of mercy and fauour After him the Attorney began whose speech contained the body and substance of the accusation it was very sharp stinging for besides the man faults of contempt and disobedience where with hee charged him he did also shrewdly inferre a dangerous disposition and purpose which was by many rhetoricall amplifications agrauated to the full he diuided his speech into three parts Quomodo ingressus Quomodo progressus Quomodo regressus In the ingresse hee obserued how large a Commission he stood vpon such a one as neuer any man had the like before namely that he might haue authoritie to pardon all Traytors of himselfe yea to pardon treason committed against her Maiesties owne person and that he might mannage the warres by himself without being tied to the aduice of the Counsell of Ireland which clause hee said was granted that he might at first proceede in the Northerne iourny which the Counsell of Ireland whose lands and liuings lay in the South might perhaps hinder and labor to diuert him to the safeguard of themselues In the other two parts of his speech were contained fiue speciall crimes wherwith the Earle was charged viz. His making the Earle of Southampton Generall of the Horse 2. His going to Lemster and Mounster when he should haue gone to Vlster 3. His making so many Knights 4. His conference with Tyrone 5. His returne out of Ireland contrary to her Maiesties command These all sauing the fourth were recited by the Lords in their censures as the crimes for which he was censured by them The first was amplified for that he did it contrary to her Maiesties mind plainely signified vnto him in England that hee increased that offence by continuing him in that office stil when her Maiesty by letters had expressely commanded him to displace him and thirdly for that he wrote a very bold presumptuous letter to her Maiesty in excuse of that offence which letter was afterwards read The second point of his Southerne iourny was agrauated
imparted his designes in the present seruice and to the same effect sent a packet by him to Sir Henrie Dockwra Gouernour of Loughfoyle and to them both as also to Sir Richard Moryson being to bee left Gouernour of Lecayle his Lordship gaue Proclamations to be published for establishing the aboue mentioned new coine All this time Arthur Mac Gennis the chiefe of his name Edmond Boy Mac Gennis his Vncle made meanes to be receiued to her Maiesties mercy but could not obtaine the fauour without first doing some seruice This day his Lordship and the Counsell following the Army gaue thirty pound by concordatum to Phelimy Ener Mac Gennis for some special seruices and Balinthor a strong Castle was taken by our men with diuers cowes and other goods sixe of the Ward being killed and the rest swimming awny His Lordship hauing placed Sir Richard Moryson with fiue hundred foote and fifty horse vnder his command to gouerne Lecayle which had their residency at Downe did march backe on the nineteenth day eleuen mile to fiue mile Church neere the Newry passing one pace exceeding strong by nature and plashed with trees which lay at the end of the Plaines of Lecaile and entrance into the woody Mountaines And before the entry of this pace Sir Arthur Chichester hauing receiued two hundred Foote to strengthen his Garrison returned backe to Knockfergue The twentieth day his Lordship marched with his forces three miles to Carickbane lying North ward of the Newrie This day Sir Henrie Dauers lying at Mount Norryes aduertised his Lordship that Tyrone lying in a fastnes and his men neuer venturing vpon the Plaine the souldiers left vnder his command there could not in all this time get any occasion to fight with him whereof they shewed great desire onely the horse often shewing themselues vpon the hilles had kept him beyond Armagh where he with his Creaghts lay feeding some thousands of Cowes Whereupon because his Lordship desired to preserue the grasse neere Armagh for his horse troopes as also to make store of hay there for the Winter following He sent Sir William Godolphin with his Lord ps troope of horse vnder his command to second the forces at Mount Norreys in attempting some seruice vpon Tyrone meaning to draw presently his whole forces thither But in the meane time Sir Francis Staffords Lieutenant of his horse sent by Sir Henrie Dauers to spy the rebels proceedings had passed to the view of Armagh and found that Tyrone had sent backe all his cowes vpon the hearing of his Lordships returne out of Lecayle For which cause and vpon notice that Tyrone had taken a dayes victuals for his men as if he meant to attempt something his Lordship recalled Sir William ' Godolphin with his troope The one and twentieth day his Lordship lay still in regard that for difficultie of getting Garrous that is carriage Iades or by some negligence victuals were not according to his former directions put into Mount Norreys to which place hee purposed to draw with his forces This day three daies bread came to his Lordships forces which in stead of other victuals liued vpon becues And his Lordship writ to Sir Henrie Dauers that according to his daily vse of late daies hee should the next morning earely draw the forces of Mount Norreys towards Armagh and should on the sudden possesse the Abbey there and the Towne whether his Lordship would also draw the Army presently for his second The two and twentieth day his Lordship hauing by extraordinary pay aboue the Queenes price gotten garrons and carrying victuals with him for Mount Norryes and for the Garrison he intended to plant at Armagh marched sixe miles neere to Mount Norryes where Sir Henrie Dauers with that Garrison met him hauing not been able for some difficulties to execute his Lordships former directions From thence his Lordship taking with him the said Garrison marched forward seuen miles and that night incamped a little beyond Armagh where some few rebels shewed themselues braggingly but attempted nothing His Lordship before his returne from Lecayle was purposed to leaue such forces at Mount Norryes as might plant the Garrison at Armagh when they found opportunity but lest they should haue been hindred by a greater force his Lordship rather then to returne towards the Pale for the attending there of the generall Hoasting where his Army should haue spent the same victuals it now did was resolued himselfe in person to plant it imagining that Tyrone not looking for him till the generall hoasting would not haue his whole forces with him nor by that reason and an opinion and feare that his Lordship intended to march further into Tyrone would haue any minde to follow his Lordship or hinder his retreate when hee should haue weakened his forces by that Plantation Therefore the three and twentieth day his Lordship making a shew to draw from his campe beyond Armagh towards Blackewater caused his forces to make a stand for his retreat and so himselfe with his followers and seruants rode more then a mile forward to view the way to Blackewater Fort and the place of the famous Blackewater defeat vnder the Marshall Bagnols conduct and hauing passed a pace without one shot made at his troope he returned to his forces and marching backe he left a garrison of seuen hundred fifty foote and one hundred horse at the Abbey of Armagh vnder the command of Sir Henry Dauers and that night marched with the rest neere to Moūt Norreys where he encamped hauing in this march from Armagh viewed the Foard where Generall Norries formerly was hurt making a stand with his horse to secure his foot distressed by Tyrones charge The foure and twenty his Lotdship leauing at Mount Norries the foot and horse of that garrison marched himselfe with 1250 foot and 150 horse sixe miles to 〈◊〉 being two miles short of the Newry This was a hill naturally and artificially ofold sortified where in regard of the weakenes of his forces he encamped purposing there to attend and solicite the hastning to send to him from the Pale all the meanes hee expected to furnish him for his intended iourny to build the demolished Fort of Blackwater Here his Lordships Army was mustered and was by Pole Captaines and Officers 87. Targets 112. Pykes 291. Muskets 125. Calliuers 635. In all 1250. Whereof besides Captaines and Officers English 593. Irish the rest Wanting Swords 191. The six and twenty day his Lordship sent victuals to the garrisons at Mount Norreis and at Armagh The twenty nine day his Lordship receiued aducrtisement that Sir H. Dauers drawing out the garrison of Armagh into the fastnes where Brian mac Art lay with his Cattle had killed diuers of his men taken many horses from him and spoiled much of his baggage besides three hundred Cowes which he had taken from Mac Gennis And the same day his Lordship receiued the examinations of certain Waterford Marriners who testified that being at the Groyne they were pressed
the horses of our English troopes and they dying thereupon to bee readie to teare out one anothers throate for a share of them And no spectacle was more frequent in the Ditches of Townes and especiallie in wasted Countries then to see multitudes of these poore people dead with their mouthes all coloured greene by eating nettles docks and all things they could rend vp aboue ground These and very many like lamentable effects followed their rebellion and no doubt the Rebels had been vtterly destroyed by famine had not a generall peace shortly followed Tyrones submission besides mercy formerly extended to many others by which the Rebels had liberty to seeke reliefe among the subiects of Ireland and to be transported into England and France where great multitudes of them liued for some yeeres after the peace made The fourth of March the Lord Deputy receiued letters from Sir Henry Dockwra aduertising many vehement suspitions of Sir Neale Garues disloial purposes namely his vnderhand putting Mac Swyne to goe againe into rebellion and to take an Iland of his which was a fit place to set vp a new rebellion and also his making a storchouse of Armes with extraordinary prouisions of them Further he aduertised that himself vsed all meanes to keepe Tyrone in the Glynnes where hee now was till his Lordship came vp which iourney he aduised to bee in the beginning of the next moneth but vnderstanding that within few daies hee would remoue towards Fermanagh howsoeuer the English there at that time were weake yet he would lye for the Arch-rebel on his way to Omy or Agher not doubting but in the passage of those Plaines hee should haue some opportunity of fighting with him and at the least to take good part of his prey from him Lastly he aduertised that he had razed Hen. Ouingtons Castle and Mac Hugbes Iland which both had been neasts and starting holes for theeues The fifteenth of March the Lord Deputy left Dublin and rode towards the Northerne borders where his Lordship with his rotinue lay to and fro the remaining few dayes of this yeere and part of the beginning of the next till Tyrone was receiued to mercy and the war ended to the end his Lordship being in those parts might giue life to the present seruice as wel of the forces sent to prosecute Ororke as of the Garrisons lying in waite for all aduantages vpon Tyrone himselfe and his broken partakers Touching Mounster affaires in the yeere 1602 the Lord Deputy at his comming frō Corke caused Sir Ric. Percy to be sworne Counsellor for the Prouince of Mounster and in his iournall towards Cillkenny Knighted three Irish men Iohn Fitz Edmonds and two Citizens of Watterford Edward Gough and Richard Aylward The Lord President at Killkenny tooke his leaue of the Lord Deputy and making short Iourneys by reason he was sickly came not to Corke till the third of Aprill 1602. When the Spaniards by composition were to render the Castels in the West O Swilliuan Beare had surprised his Castle of Donboy in Beerehauen from the Spaniards where of some were killed in the surprisall which freed them from suspition to haue yeelded it voluntarily contrary to the composition This strong Castle vpon an excellent hauen O Swilliuan kept for the King of Spaine hauing sixty Warders with him at first and three pieces of Spanish Ordinance The Lord President meaning to take this Castle tooke the field the 23 of Aprill and after many attempts vpon the Rebels in which some of them were killed and some taken and executed and many preyes taken by parties sent out it was resolued the fourteenth of May to passe the forces ouer to an Iland called the great Iland that way to march to Beerehauen the way thither by land being vnpassable for the victuals and carriages besides many places of aduantage in the Mountaines where the Rebels though few in number might distresse a great Army and easily forbid their passage Here by the sea side the Foote staied for the ships carrying the Victuals Munition and Ordinance which were detained by contrary winds till the last of May. The sixth of Iune the forces were ferried ouer to the land neere Castle Dermot where they incamped and though they landed in another part then the Rebels expected who lay there to hinder and impeach their landing yet the Rebels hasted to them to begin the skirmish with them when they were in good order and almost had all passed the Ferry so as the Rebels hauing no aduantage in this fight they left 28 dead in the place and had more then 30 wounded whereof Captaine Tirrel was one being slightly hurt in the belly and some were taken prisoners whereas on our part onely seuen were hurt The tenth of Iune our forces hauing landed their Ordinance incamped within musket shot of the Castle of Donboy but not within the sight of the Castle a rising ground lying betweene the Campe and the Castle so as the great shot from the Castle flew ouer the Campe without doing any hurt The twelfth a Fort within the Hand of Dorses kept by the Rebels was surprized by the English and all the Rebels killed or hanged and therein were taken three Iron Peeces of Spanish Ordinance The 17 of Iune after two daies battery the English assaulted the breach and possessed part of the Castle Dunboy the Rebels keeping and defending the rest all that day and night and great part of the next at which time the English were by force made full Masters of it The Rebels defending it were 134 selected Souldiers and all of them were killed in the Castle or seeking to flie or being prisoners were executed in the campe except twelue men of chiefe accompt and most esteemed by Tyrrell which were kept to be examined vpon torture or to worke some good for the seruice with Tyrrell by the sauing of their liues Of Spanish Ordinance there was taken one Demy Culuerin two Sakers and one Falcon of brasse and two Sakers fiue Minions and one Falcon of Iron The Gunners were Italians and Spaniards who perished with the rest nine barrels of powder taken in the Castle were imploied to blow it vp left any Spaniards or Rebels might after make vse of it This Castle taken the Lord President returned to Corke where Sir Samuell Bagnoll attended his comming with letters from the Lord Deputy and according to his Lordships directions the Lord President sent by him 1500 Foote being aboue the old Mounsterlyst who came with these Forces to the Lord Deputy the 29 of Iuly and brought letters from the Lord President aduertising the aboue mentioned confident expectation of a second Spanish inuasion At the same time Sir Edward Wingfield was landed at Corke bringing to the Lord President 500 foote for supplies of the weake Companies Sir Charles Wilmott Gouernour of Kerry wherein were many prouinciall Rebels besides 1000 strangers to helpe them had before the siege of Dunboy prosecuted Mac Morris cleered Kerry of all Rebels
and prosecuted them into Desmond taken Castles and great preyes of Cowes and brought the Knight of Kerry on his knees and this done hee marched towards the Lord President in his way to Dunboy and vnited his Forces to the Army After the taking of that Castle he was now againe sent into Kerry with directions that all garrisons should burne the Corne they could not gather and that he should remoue the Irish Inhabitants with their goods to a Countrey neere Lymricke that the Spaniards againe expected might make no vse of them In August the Lord President was aduertised that many in Carbery reuolted and that vpon a ship from Spaine not long before arriued with money to distribute among the most actiue Rebels Donnogh Mac Carty and Finnen his brother who had attended the Lord president at the siege of Dunboy were now reuolted and had taken impresse money from the King of Spaine whereupon the two Captaines Roger and Gawen Haruy lying there in garrison had taken many preyes from them and spoiled the Countrey And yet by daily intelligence the Lord President vnderstood that the newes of the taking of Dunboy comming into Spaine the King had commanded to stay all his prouisions for Ireland till his pleasure were further signified And no doubt the Queenes Fleet lying at this time vpon the coast of Spaine most of all discouraged him from any new attempt in succour of the Irish Rebels About the end of August it was generally diuulged in Mounster that a Spanish Fleet was discouered vpon the Coast whereupon the Irish posted vp and downe the Country with great signes of ioy so as at the Lord Presidents suit Sir Samuel Bagnol was sent backe to him with the forces he had formerly led out of Mounster to the Lord Deputy The second of September the Lord President receiued this following gratious letter written from the Queene with her owne hand Your Soueraigne E. R. MY faithfull George how ioied We are that so good euent hath followed so troublesome endeuours laborious cares and heedfull trauels you may guesse bnt We best can witnesse and doe protest that your safety hath equalled the most thereof And so God euen blesse you in all your actions About this time the Lord President hauing receiued manifest proofes that Cormock mac Dermod Lord of Muskery had lately committed many acts of treason caused him to be apprehended committed prisoner to the gentleman Porter hearing his followers practised his escape gaue the said gentleman Porter charge to keepe him safely vpon his danger to answere for him in the meane time seazing all his Castles into her Maiesties hands and like wise causing his wife and children to be brought prisoners to Corke Notwithstanding Cormocke escaped out of a window the nine and twenty of September yet being heartned to rebellion by Captaine Tyrrell and Oswilliuan Beare hee considered that his Castles were all in the Queenes power his eldest sonne lately Student in Oxford was now kept prisoner in the Tower that his yongest sonne his wife and daughter and many of his chiefe followers were now prisoners at Corke and that the Rebels desiring to ioine with him were hunger-starued and would liue vpon his Countrey already wasted and therefore hee wisely chose to submit himselfe to her Maiesties mercy and vpon the two and twentieth of October this his submission was accepted About this time the Lord President heard that O Donnell was dead in Spaine The three and twentieth of October Sir Samuell Bagnoll with the Regiment sent back from the Lord Deputy fell by night vpon Tyrrels Campe lying in Muskery to expect Cormocks returne killed eighty of his men made him flie away in his shirt tooke all his Cattle being more then one thousand with sixty Horses and hacknies besides things vnseeue in Irish spoiles as veluet outlandish apparell Spanish Coyne and all the money Tyrrell had gotten of the proportion sent from Spaine and made Tyrrell flie into the Mountaines of Desmond In Nouember Sir Charles Wilmott brake by night into the quarter of the Knight of Kerry killed forty of his men tooke fiue hundred Cowes two hundred Garrons and two moneths prouision of meale The Rebels Tyrrell Burke O Swilliuan and Mac Morris being daily assaulted by the English and spoiled of their Cattle the rest of this moneth and the following of December and hauing many of their best men killed suddenly fell into disputations and after to controuersies and so the strangers resolued to steale away as they did with great amasement leauing the fastnesses they had held to the ransacking of the English first Tyrrell then William Bourke who leading 1500 men marched towards the Pale Sir Charles Wilmott hauing first in another conflict with them killed many of the most forward Kerne taken all their baggage and prey of Cattle being 2000 Cowes 4000 Sheepe and 1000 Garrons In December the Lord President leauing Sir Charles Wilmott to command in chiefe all the Forces hauing besides the Lord Barry with 1600 Prouincials vnder him to attend such seruice as he should direct left the Prouince of Mounster to meet the Lord Deputy at Galloway in Connaght In the meane time the said Rebels fled towards the Pale as broken men some resoluing to ioine with Tyrone and some to returne into Connaght their owne Countrey wherewith the Mounster Rebels were so danted as they daily came in to Sir Charles Wilmott in great numbers and with much Cattle to submit themselues to mercy The Lord President before his iourney into Connaght tooke order that O Swilliuan Beares Countrey should be so wasted as neither Spaniards nor Rebels should find reliefe there About this time Captaine Taaffe commanding our Irish men in Carbery assayled a band of Rebels led by a Priest the Popes Nuntio killed him with most of his men and got all their Cattle And now in the absence of O Swilliuan fled away his Countrey was wasted and his Castles all taken The foresaid Priest was a man of speciall authority so as vpon his death the Mac Carties and all Carbery submitted to mercy and had power ouer all spirituall liuings in Ireland so as all Priests depended vpon him The Lord President returned into Mounster in Ianuary from Connaght and hauing sent Sir Edward Wingfeild with certaine Companies of foote into Connaght according to the Lord Deputies direction and leauing Sir Charles Wilmott and Sir G. Thornton Commissioners to gouerne Mounster himselfe in the beginning of February rode to Dublyn leauing no Rebell in Mounster but Mac Morris the Knight of the Glan Thomas Oge and Connor O Driscoll not able ioyntly to make two hundred men whereof Mac Morris in few daies was well beaten and spoiled of all he had by Sir Char. Wilmott And in the beginning of March the L. President sailed into England from Dublin CHAP. II. Of Tyrones taking to mercy whereby the warre was fully ended And of a new mutinie of the Cities of Mounster for establishing the publike exercise of the
there can hardly be giuen a more certain signe of loue or contempt then thr frequent rare or no writing or especially answering of Letters whereof the Italians haue a Prouerbe Chiscriue a chi non responde O egli èmatto o egli ha di bisogno Who writes to him that answers not againe He is a foole or neede doth him constraine 11 When he wil obserue the scituation of any City let him if he may without ielousie of the Inhabitants first climbe one of the highest steeples where hauing taken the generall scituation of the City he shall better remember in order the particular things to be seene in the City To which end let him carry about him a Dyall which may shew him the North South East and West which knowne he shall lesse erre in the description of the City and this he may obserue publikely onely with his eyes for auoiding of ielousie and after being retired into his Inne may draw it in paper if he thinke good And lest for the want of a guide to shew the markeable things in each City he should omit any thing worth sight let him confidently visit some chiefe Doctor or man of principall account especially in Germany where they are most affable For if he shall say that hee comes to see them as the liuing monuments of that City I will be bold to promise that they will giue him a guide to shew him any thing worth sight and to instruct him in such things as are fit for him to know For as Weomen easily beleeue such as tell them that they are faire though indeed they bee deformed so men of best quality will easily beleeue that their name is knowne among strangers and they take these visitations for honours done vnto them yea many especially in some places are vitiously proud that their neighbours should see strangers thus visit them 12 Many desire to haue their Countreymen and friends to bee their companions in these their iourneys And it is well said Comes saeundus in via pro vehiculo A pleasant consort by the way Is like a Coach that glides away But why should he not rather desire consorts of the same Nation of whom he may learne the language and all other things worthy to be obserued My selfe could neuer see any profitably spend their time abroade who flocked together with their owne Countreymen neither doe I attribute the little proficiency of the Germans and their giuing themselues to drinke euen amongst the sober Italians to any thing more then to their liuing together in forraigne parts For an Italian conuersing abroad with Italians shall neuer learne bashfull chastity How shall any man cast off a vice proper to his Nation it he doe not disuse it by little and little which he shall hardly doe among his Countrey-men inclined thereunto Neither is there danger of learning forraigne vices by leauing to conuerse with his Countrey men so hee propound to himselfe the foresaid end to learne vertues and cast off vices and if he bend himselfe wholly to attaine that end Moreouer in places of danger for difference of Religion or proclaimed warre whosoeuer hath his Countrey-man or friend for his companion doth much increase his danger aswell for the confession of his companion if they chance to be apprehended as for other accidents since he shall be accomptable and drawne into danger aswell by his companions words or deeds as by his owne And surely there happening many dangers and crosses by the way many are of such intemperate affections as they not onely diminish the comfort they should haue from this consort but euen as Dogs hurt by a stone bite him that is next not him that cast the stone so they may perhaps out of these crosses grow to bitternes of words betweene themselues yea sometimes filthily end their old friendship with new iniuries if not in single combates Besides if this deare friend and consort should happen to dye by the way and if other ill accidents should increase this euill whereof many may bee imagined as namely if by dying among enemies or Pagans hee cannot haue so much as the honour of a graue surely I speake by experience nothing can bee added to this calamity This griefe threatens sicknesse vnto thee and to how many ills that State is subiect in forraigne parts I shall shew in the Precept of preseruing health And this euent will take from thee all the pleasure of remembring thy dangers past after thou returnest home yea will make that bitter vnto thee which vseth to bee most comfortable to others Therefore I commend the English who withdraw themselues from consorting with their Countri-men abroad not shunning them vnnaturally out of hate but onely lodging in diuers houses and onely spending some howers of the weeke in their company to nourish acquaintance that they may bestow the rest of the time among those of the same Country wherein they liue and so better their language and learne the state of the Countrie For my part if I were to suffer ill I had rather be alone then haue a friend partner with me howsoeuer the Poet saith Solamen miseris soicos habuisse doloris The miserable man doth grieue the lesse If he haue partners in his sad distresse Which is to bee vnderstood of enemies or vnknowne partners for I cannot thinke that my torment could bee asswaged by the like miserie of my friend Others obiect that it is the vnspeakeable comfort of marriage that man and wife like well paired Heyfers beare all burthens together Surely if other kinds of ill could bee diuided into equall parts as burthens may I might bee of their opinion but many kindes of ill are like the soule which is all in the whole body and all in euery part thereof neither is the torment of the soule eased by the bodies suffering with it Therefore if I were to suffer pouerty banishment or torment I had rather bee a single man then married since the compassion of my wifes and childrens suffering with me would infinitely increase my misery These things being granted I confesse it followes for of contraries the consequence is contrary that the Traueller is to impart his good successes to his friends whereof Cicero in the dreame of Scipio so disputes as if a man seeing all the pleasures of Paradice could take no delight therein if he were alone and had no man with whom he might communicate them But in conclusion since Trauellers meet with more dangers then pleasures it is most fit for them to take such consorts abroad as the way yeelds and to deferre the imparting of their good successes to their friends till their happy returne home at which time as their absence hath sharpened their friends desire to see them so the discourse of these pleasant accidents may sweeten their conuersation 13 In stead of a companion let the Traueller haue alwayes with him some good Booke in his pocket as wee reade that Alexander the Great laied Homer
will cost him sixe pence or in some places but foure pence yet this course is lesse honourable and not vsed by Gentlemen but if he will eate in his chamber he commands what meate he will according to his appetite and as much as he thinkes fit for him and his company yea the kitchin is open to him to command the meat to be dressed as he best likes and when he sits at Table the Host or Hostesse will accompany him or if they haue many Guests will at least visit him taking it for curtesie to be bid sit downe while he eates if he haue company especially he shall be offred musicke which he may freely take or refuse and if he be solitary the Musitians will giue him the good day with musicke in the morning It is the custome and no way disgracefull to set vp part of supper for his breakefast In the euening or in the morning after breakefast for the common sort vse not to dine but ride from breakefast to supper time yet comming early to the Inne for better resting of their Horses he shall haue a reckoning in writing and if it seeme vnreasonable the Host will satisfie him either for the due price or by abating part especially if the seruant deceiue him any way which one of experience will soone find Hauing formerly spoken of ordinary expences by the high way aswell in the particular iournall of the first Part as in a Chapter of this Part purposely treating thereof I will now onely adde that a Gentleman and his Man shall spend as much as if he were accompanied with another Gentleman and his Man and if Gentlemen will in such sort ioyne together to eate at one Table the expences will be much diminished Lastly a Man cannot more freely command at home in his owne House then hee may doe in his Inne and at parting if he giue some few pence to the Chamberlin Ostler they wish him a happy iourney England hath three publike Feasts of great expence and pompous solemnity namely the coronation of the Kings the Feast of S. George as well vpon his day yeerely as at all times when any Knight of the Order is installed and the third when Seriants at the Law are called The Lord Mayor of the City of London vpon the day when he is sworne enters his Office keeps a solemne Feast with publike shewes of great magnificence besides that hee and the Sheriffes of the Citie daily keepe well furnished Tables to entertaine any Gentleman or stranger that will come to them to the great honour of the City in this particular passing all other Cities of the World knowne to vs. For the point of drinking the English at a Feast will drinke two or three healths in remembrance of speciall friends or respected honourable persons and in our time some Gentlemen and Commanders from the warres of Netherland brought in the custome of the Germans large garaussing but this custome is in our time also in good measure left Likewise in some priuate Gentlemens houses and with some Captaines and Souldiers and with the vulgar sort of Citizens and Artisans large and intemperate drinking is vsed but in generall the greater and better part of the English hold all excesse blame worthy and drunkennesse a reprochfull vice Clownes and vulgar men onely vse large drinking of Beere or Ale how much soeuer it is esteemed excellent drinke euen among strangers but Gentlemen garrawse onely in Wine with which many mixe sugar which I neuer obserued in any other place or Kingdome to be vsed for that purpose And because the taste of the English is thus delighted with sweetenesse the Wines in Tauernes for I speake not of Merchants or Gentlemens Cellars are commonly mixed at the filling thereof to make them pleasant And the same delight in sweetnesse hath made the vse of Corands of Corinth so frequent in all places and with all persons in England as the very Greekes that sell them wonder what we doe with such great quantities thereof and know not how we should spend them except we vse them for dying or to feede Hogges CHAP. IIII. Of Scotland touching the Subiects contained in the first Chapter THE Longitude of Scotland extends fiue degrees from the Meridian of sixeteene degrees to that of one and twenty degrees and the Latitude extends foure degrees from the Paralel of fifty sixe degrees and a halfe to that of sixty degrees and a halfe In the Geographical description wherof I wil briefly follow the very words of Camden as neere as I can being an Authour without exception 1 The Gadeni of Scotland were of old next neighbours to the Ottadini of Northumberland in England and inhabited the Countrey now called Teyfidale wherein is nothing memorable but the Monastery of Mailors 2 In Merch so called as a bordering Countrey the Castle Hume is the old possession of the Lords of Hume neere which is Kelso the ancient dwelling of the Earles of Bothwell which were long by inheritance Admirals of Scotland and the Merch is mentioned in Histories for nothrng more then the valour of the said Earles 3 Laudania of old called Pictland shooteth out from Merch towards the Scottish narrow Sea called the Frith and is full of mountaines but hath few woods In this Country are these little Cities or Townes Dunbarre Haddington and Musleborrow places wherein hath beene seene the warlike vertue of the English and Scots Somewhat lower and neere to the foresaid Frith lies Edenborough which Ptolomy cals Castrum Alatum a rich City of old compassed with wals and the seate of the Kings whole Palace is at the East end in a vally ouer which hangs a mountaine called the Chaire of Arthur our Britan Prince and from this Pallace is an easie ascent to the West end where the length of the City ends in a steepe rocke vpon which is built a most strong Castle called the Maidens Castle the same which Ptolomy cals Alatum This City was long vnder the English Saxons and about the yeere 960 England being inuaded by the Danes it became subiect to the Scots Leth is a mile distant and is a most commodious Hauen vpon the narrow Scottish Gulfe vulgarly called Edenborough Frith 4 Towards the West lay the Selgouae vpon another Gulfe running betweene England and Scotland vulgarly called Solway Frith of the said Selgouae inhabiting the Countries called Eskedale Annandale and Nidtsdale in which is the little Towne Dunfrise 5 Next lay the Nouantes in the Valleys where Gallway and Whitterne which Citie Ptolomy calles Leucopibia are seated 6 In the little Countrie Caricta hauing good pastures is the little Towne Gergeny which Ptolomy calles Rerigonium 7 More inward lay the Damnij where now Sterling Merteth and Claidsdale are seated Here the Riuer Cluyde runnes by Hamelton the seate of the Hameltons Family of English race of which the third Earle of Arran liueth in our dayes and after by Glascow the seat of an Archbishop and a little Vniuersitie Here
with death In Germany I did see a poore knaue hanging and rotting on the gallowes being condemned to that death for hauing two wiues at one time in two seuerall Cities and I did see another beheaded for lying withhis wiues sister In Ciuill causes I obserued these laudable customes in Germany namely that in many Courts they that goe to Law lay downe a caution or pledge which he loseth who in the end of the triall is found rashly and vniustly to haue sued the other That the Fees of Lawyers are limited and that icasts or impertinent speeches are punished and they are tied to speake nothing that is not to the purpose Of old no beauty age nor riches helped a defloured virgin to get any husband at any time And no doubt virgins to this day are no where so carefull of their good name as in Germany no where virgins more modestly behaue themselues no where virgins liue to so ripe yeers before they be married as in Germany At Wittenberg I did see harlots punished by standing at the Altar with a torch lighted in their hands and by being whipped with rods while many drums were beaten basons tinckled about them At Heidelberg I did see an harlot put in a basket and so ducked into the riuer Neccar and because she whooped and hollowed as in triumph when she rose out of the water she was for that impudency ducked the second time At Prage in Bohemia howsoeuer harlots be there as common as in Italy and dwell in streets together where they stand at the doores and by wanton signes allure passengers to them yet I did see some men and women of the common sort who for simple fornication were yoked in carts therewith drew out of the City the filth of the streets But while the Bohemians thus chasten the pooter sort I feare the greater Flies escape their webs In Germany at the time of publike Faires after the sound of a bell it is free for debtors harlots and banished people to enter the Citie but they must haue care to be out of the territories before the same bell sound againe at the end of the Faire they being otherwise subiect then to the Law At Leipzig I did see an harlot taken after this second sound of the bell who had been formerly banished with two of her fore-fingers cut off and shee not for incontinencie but by the law of banishment was next day beheaded Whiles I liued in the same Citie it happened that a virgin of the better sort being with child and cunningly concealing it was surprised with the time of birth in the Church vpon a Sunday and silently brought forth the child in her pew or seat couering it with rushes being dead which was vnknowne to all in the body of the Church only some yong men sitting in a roode or loft with the Musitians perceiued the fact and accused her for murthering the child In the meane time shee went home from the Church in the company of the other virgins without any shew of such weaknes after vpon the said accusation being imprisoned the report was that shee should bee iudged to death after the old Law mentioned by the Poet Propertius namely being sewed in a steke with a liuing cat in steed of an Ape and a liuing Cocke Snake and Dog and so drowned in the riuer with them But delay being vsed in the iudgement and her honourable friends making intercession for her and the murther of her child being not prooued when I left the Citie after six moneths shee remained in prison and it was not knowne what would become of her Aswell in Germany as Bohemia bastards are excluded from publike profession of liberall or mechanical arts only they may exercise them in the houses of priuate Gentlemen in which course of life as seruants they commonly liue but neuer in open shops All graduates in Vniuersities take an oath that they were begotten in lawfull matrimony And if any man ignorantly should marry a woman great with child howsoeuer the child bee borne in mariage yet it shall inherit nothing from the husband Bastards cannot bee sureties for any imprisoned or delinquent man nor inioy the extraordinary benefits of the law and are commonely named of the Citie or Towne where they were borne for a marke of ignominy not after any mans sirname But the publike Notaries by priuiledges granted to them from Emperors and Popes haue power to make their posterity legitimate In the lower part of Germany which was all named Saxony of old a debtor shall not be receiued into prison except the Creditor allow the Iaylor two pence by the day to giue him bread and water and after a yeeres imprisonment if the debtor take his oath that he is not able to pay he shal be set free yet the creditor hath stil his right reserued vpon his yeerly wages for his labour and vpon his gaines by any art or trade and vpon any goods whatsoeuer he shall after possesse And before any debtor bee imprisoned the Magistrate giues him eighteen weeks time to pay his debt and commits him not till that time be past And in some places the debtor lines at his owne expence and shall be tied to pay his creditors charges if he be able to doe it In some places especially at Lubecke I haue obserued that strangers being Creditors haue more fauour then the Creditors of the same City against a Citizen debtor because strangers by reason of their trafficke and hast homeward cannot well expect the delay of sutes in which respect their debtors shall presently be imprisoned whereas mutually among the Citizens they giue the foresaid or like time of payment before they will imprison them Debts without specialty are tried by Oath In Bohemia the debtors are imprisoned presently and maintaine themselues not being released till the creditors be satisfied In Germany if any man draw other mens monies into his hands and being able yet payes not his debts he is guilty of capital punishment but that ingenious and honest Nation hath few or no such bankerouts By the Law of Saxony he that deceiues by false weights and measures is to be whipped with rods The Emperours of old granted the priuiledge of coyning Money to many Princes and free Cities and the Emperour in the Dyet or Parliament of the yeere 1500 commanded all Princes Persons and Bodies so priuiledged to send their Counsellors to him at Nurnberg and that in the meane time all Coyning should cease vnder the penalty to leese the priuiledge of Coyning In the same place the yeere 1559 many Lawes were made for coyning Monies whereof I will relate some few First the weight and purity of the mettall was prescribed together with the Inscriptions to be set vpon the Coynes Then it was decreed that after sixe moneths no strange Monies should bee currant whereof many are particularly named That all forraigne Gold should after the same time be forbidden excepting the Spanish single and donble
is exchanged for three Franckes or for foure Quarts d'escn or for little more then foure testoones For foureteen soulz and a halfe make a testoon fifteene soulz make a Quart d'esca and twenty soulz make a francke and sixty soulz make a French crowne and twelue deniers make a soulz Yet a gold French crowne In specie that is in kind is changed for sixty fiue soulz As in like sort in England a French crowne is worth no more then six shillings and the English Angell is worth no more then 11. shillings in common estimation yet he that brings a weighty a French crowne In specie to the Gold-smyths they will giue him sixe shilling six pence for it and he that brings to them an old Angell of gold they will gine him 11. shillings and six pence or more for it And in the last ciuill warre the value of the French crowne was raised to 120 soulz till the King reduced the same to the old value after the warre composed The same King Henry the fourth since that time raised the value of gold crownes to the end he might draw backe his gold which was carried into forraine parts My selfe passing through Lorayne before the French ciuil warre was fully appeased did at Monwicke vpon the confines of Lorayne and German exchange a French crowne for foure franckes and nine grosh and shortly after comming to Shallons exchanged a French crowne for no more then sixty soulz so as I guesse that either the Franckes of Lor aine differ from the Franckes of France or that the tumult of the warre and the making of peace shortly after made this difference Of the diuers measures of miles through diuers parts of the world FVrther being to write of the diuers measures of miles through the diuers parts of the World it seemed good to me to adde the measure of miles vulgarly receiued namely that fiue Italian miles or three French or two and a halfe English make one Dutch mile and that one Dutch mile and a halfe makes a mile of Sweitzerland It remaines now that according to my owne experience I should speake something of the diuers kindes of miles And in generall this my opinion hath respect to the difficult or easie passages of the way since euen in England the miles seeme and indeed are more short neere London where the waies are faire and plaine and frequently inhabited as they seeme and indeed are more long and tedious through the desart places of the North ouer mountaines and through vninhabited and difficult passages The Romans of old held a thousand paces for a mile and such are the miles of Italie A common English mile makes one a halfe Italian but towards the North in some particular places of England the miles are longer among which the Kentish mile being a Southerne County is prouerbially held to be extraordinarily long The Irish miles among the English and the Irish-English are answerable to the English howsoeuer for the solitary and disinhabited wayes and many foards often ouerflowed they are more troublesome to passe In like sort the miles of Scotland answere to the Northerne miles of England saue that the frequent climing of mountaines and the vnbeaten waies make them seeme longer and indeed require more time for the passage Villamont a French gentleman in the book of his trauels witnesseth that one French mile containes two Italian miles The common Germain mile being for the most part in plaines makes more then three English or fiue Italian miles but in some places the solitude of Woods and the ascent of Mountaines make the miles of Germany seeme much longer and Sueuia extraordinarily hath long miles though it be a plaine Countrey The miles of Sweitzerland being ouer continuall Mountaines are so long as passengers distinguish their iourney more by the spaces of howers then by the distances or numbers of miles And I remember that finding no horse to be hired I went on foote from Scaphusen to Zureth which iourney I was going ten howers being accounted but foure miles And in Rhaetia among the Grisons vpon the confines of Italy one mile is held for sixe Italian miles And vpon the foote of the Alpes towards the North one mile is accounted for seuen miles and a halfe of Italy where hauing a good horse I could ride with an ordinarie pace no more then one Dutch mile in foure howers space By which appeares that the measure of miles is very vncertaine among the Sweitzers who for the most part reckon their iourneys by howers riding or going with an ordinary pace and not by miles The miles of Bohemia and Morauia are no lesse tedious and I remember that my selfe passing there on horseback did commonly ride no more then foure miles in a dayes iourney And howsoeuer the length of the Sweitzers and Bohemian miles may in part be attributed to the climbing of Mountaines and bad waies yet no such reason can be giuen for the miles of Morauia which Country is either a plaine or little pleasant Hilles and the waies faire and the Countrey well inhabited The Low-Countrey miles are of a middle length betweene the German and French miles But in the very Country of Holland they differ much one from another since foure miles of great Holland make sixe miles of little Holland And I remember that about the Citie Horne I esteemed each mile longer then three English Also next to the Holland miles those of Freesland are longer then the rest A mile of Denmark is somewhat longer then three English miles and answereth to the common mile of Germany The miles of Poland generally are like the miles of Denmarke but they differ in length one from the other For I remember that in Prussia each dayes iourny I passed by coach some seuen miles and in middle Poland nine or ten miles but in vpper Poland towards Germany I commonly rode on horse-back no more then fiue miles or there-abouts each day in my passage from Crakaw to Morauia In Russia among the Moscouites confining vpon Poland a mile is called a ferse and answeres to fiue Italian miles or one common mile of Germany In Turkey those that guide Christians hauing the Italian tongue doe in my opinion number the miles to them much after the Italian manner THE REBELLION OF HVGH EARLE OF TYRONE AND THE APPEASING THEREOF WRITEN IN FORME OF A IOVRNALL PART II. BOOKE I. CHAP. I. Of the Induction or Preface to my Irish Iournall and a compendious narration how CHARLES BLOVNT Lord Mountioy my Lord and Master of happy memorie was chosen Lord Deputy of Ireland and of this worthy Lords qualitie as also of the Councels in generali by which he broke the Kebels hearts and gane peace to that trenbled State Together with his particular actions in the end of the yeere 1599. AT my returne from Scotland about the month of September in the yeere 1598 I retyred my selfe
to Healing my deare Sister Faith Mussendines house being situate neere the South banke of Humber in the Countie of Lincolne In which place and my deare sister Iane Alingtons house neere adioyning whilest I passed an idle yeere I had a pleasing opportunitie to gather into some order out of confused and torne writings the particular obseruations of my former Trauels to bee after more delibrately digested at leasure After this yeere spent in Countrey solace the hopes of preferment drew me into Ireland Of which iourney being to write in another manner then I haue formerly done of other Countries namely rather as a Souldier then as a Traueler as one abiding in Campes more then in Cities as one lodging in Tents more then in Innes to my former briefe discourse of the iourneys through England and Scotland I haue of purpose added there out of my ordinary course the like of Ireland onely for trauellers instruction I am now to treate of the famous and most dangerous Rebellion of Hugh Earle of Tyrone calling himselfe The Oneale a fatall name to the chiefe of the sept or Family of the Oneales and this I will doe according to the course of the former Part namely in this place not writing Historically but making only a Iournall or bare narration of daily accidents and for the rest referring the discourse of Ireland for all particulars to the seuerall heads wherein each point is ioyntly handled through all the Dominions of which I haue written Onely in this place for the better vnderstanding of that which I principally purpose to write I must craue leaue to fetch some short re membrances by the way of preface higher then the time of my owne being in Ireland in the Lord Mountioy his Gouernement About the yeere 1169 not to speake of the kind of subiection which the Irish are written to haue acknowledged to Gurguntius and some Brittan Kings Henry the 2 being himself distracted with French affaires gaue the Earle of Strangbow leaue by letters Patents to aide Dermot Morrogh King of Lemster against the King of Meath And this Earle marrying Eua the daughter of Dermot was at his death made by him heire of his Kingdome Shortly after King Henrie himselfe landed at Waterford and whilst he abode in Ireland first Dermott Mac Carthy King of Corcke and the South part of Mounster and Dunewald Obzian King of Limrick and the North part of Mounster then Orwark King of Meath and Roderick King of Connaght by singular priuiledge ouer the rest called the King of Ireland and the aboue named King of Lemster yet liuing did yeeld themselues vassals vnto King Henrie who for the time was saluted Lord of Ireland the title of King being first assumed by acte of Parliament to King Henrie the eight many yeeres after In the said Henrie the seconds raigne Sir Iohn de Courcy with foure hundred voluntary English souldiers sent ouer did in fiue battailes subdue Vlster and stretcht the bounds of the English pale as farre as Dunluce in the most Northerne parts of Vlster About 1204 Iohn Courcy of English bloud Earle of Vlster and Connaght did rebel and was subdued by Hugh Lacy. About 1210 the Lacies of English bloud rebelling were subdued by King Iohn who after some three moneths stay returned backe into England where the Lacies found friends to be restored to their Earledome of Vlster About 1291 O-Hanlon some Vlster Lords troubling the peace were suppressed by the English Colonies From 1315 to 1318 the Scots made great combustions in Ireland to whom many Irish families ioyned themselues and both were subdued by the English Colonies In the yeere 1339 generall warre was betweene the English Colonies and the Irish in which infinite number of the Irish perished Hitherto Ireland was gouerned by a Lord Iustice who held the place sometimes for few yeeres sometimes for many In the yeere 1340 Iohn Darcy an Englishman was made Iustice for life and the next yeere did exercise the place by his owne Deputy which neither before nor after I find to haue been granted to any but some few of the Royall bloud About the yeere 1341 the English-Irish or English Colonies being degenerated first began to be enemies to the English and themselues calling a Parliament wrote to the King that they would not indure the insolencies of his Ministers yet most of the Iustices hitherto were of the English-Irish or English borne in Ireland About the yeere 1361 Leonel Duke of Clarence was made Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and sometimes left his Deputy to gouerne it This Duke being Earle of Vlster and Lord of Connaglit by the right of his wife came ouer with an Army of some 1500 by pole and quieted the borders of the English Pale in low Lemster Hereformed the English-Irish growne barberous by imbracing the tyrannicall Lawes of the Irish most profitable to them which caused them likewise to take Irish names and to vie their language and apparrell To which purpose good Lawes were made in Parliament and great reformation followed aswell therein as in the power of the English for the leuen yeeres of his Lieutenancy and after till the fatall warres of Turke and Lancaster Houses And hitherto most of the Iustices were English-Irish About the yeere 1400 Richard the second in the eighteenth yeere of his Raigne came with an Army of foure thousand men at Armes and thirtie thousand Archen fully to subdue the Irish but pacified by their submissions and no act of moment otherwise done he returned with his Army into England After to reuenge the death of the Earle of March his Lieutenant he came againe with a like Army but was soddenly recalled by the arriuall of Henry the 4 in England During the said Kings Raigne Ireland was gouerned by his Lord Lieutenunts sent from England and in the Raignes of Hen. the 4 and Hen. the 5 by Iustices for the most part chosen of the English-Irish only the Lord Scroope for 8 yeres was Deputy to Thomas the second son to Hen. the 4 who was L. Lieutenant of Ireland This I write out of the Annals of Ireland printed by Camden In which from the first Conquest of Ireland to the following warres betweene the Houses of Yorke and Lancaster in England I find small or no mention of the Oneals greatnesse among the Irish Lords And I find very rare mention of any seditions in Vlster especially among the Northerne Irish so as that Prouince from the first Conquest to these ciuill English warres doth thereby seeme to haue beene one of the most peaceable and most subiect to the English Neither reade I therein of great forces or summes of mony lent out of England into Ireland except voluntaries and the cursary iourneys of King Iohn and King Richard the second but rather that for the most part all seditions as well betweene the English-Irish and the meere Irish as between the English-Irish themselues were pacified by the forces and expences of the same Kingdome During the