course incloseth thrée partes of Carew castell The other rysing neare to Coit Rath forrest is a freshe and going by Geffraiston Creswel and Lawrenny it leaueth the Sparek on the south side and â—…eth into the hauen after confluence with the former Nowe come I to the two swordes afore-mencioned whose courses I finde described â–ª in this order â—…hey The Clothâ—… ryseth at the foote of Wrenny vaur hill and comming downe to Monachlodge Langelman Lannabeden and Egremond it receyueth a ryll from by northwest before it come at Laâ—…haddon castell Eare long also it taketh in another on the east side from Narbarth castell by Râ—…beston then going by Gsaston Sleâ—… Pictâ—â— castell at Rise castell poynt west of Coit â—…eales as I haue béene informed it méeteth with the other sworde Dugledy named Dugledy wherof I reade as followeth The hed of the Dugledy is somewhere at northwest betwéene S. Laurences and S. Dugwelâ—… from whence it ruÌ„neth to Trauegarne Redbaxton and taking in a rill by the waye from Camensâ—… at the west it goeth to Haâ—â—rford west and there vniteth it selfe with a water which peraduenture is the same that LelaÌ„d called Gwyly Certes it riseth about 〈◊〉 Gwyly and comming by S. Kâ—… 〈◊〉 chappel and Pâ—…deâ—…g oft it falleth I say into the Duâ—…lâ—…dy ouer against the towne of Hauer forde or Herforde weâ—…k but iâ—… Weaâ—… Huâ—…fordeâ—… Lhoied dothe set it 〈…〉 it taketh 〈◊〉 other to 〈◊〉 from southwest whose head is short of S. Margarattes chappell and 〈…〉 betwéen Hart aldstone and Herforde which Harraldstone 〈◊〉 the name of Harraldâ—… the successour of Edwarde the 〈…〉 him who was a grieuous â—…all vnto theâ—… Britons that conâ—…ned in the time of sayde Edwards 〈◊〉 I haue no 〈◊〉 alreadie Cultâ—â— TheÌ„ Cultâ—â— coÌ„meth into the Duwleâ—… beneath Boâ—…shoff with 〈◊〉 course from by North of thereof foure myles after whose vnitiâ—…â—…ith the aforesayde watyer they ruine on as one till they mette with Elothy casting out by the waye sundry salt créekes as the ruine 〈◊〉 doth from thenceforth vntill it passe the Sâ—â—dy haue the Wale roâ—…e which ther a silly fresh 〈◊〉 of small value and become about agayne 〈◊〉 the large 〈◊〉 aâ—…e Hauing thus shew the courses of those â—â—fresh waters that come to Milford doeth we â—…ast about by the blackehouse 〈◊〉 S. Aâ—…es chappell to Gatehole Isle Gateholme Isle Stockeholme Isle than 〈…〉 and the Wilâ—â— keâ—… point 〈…〉 against Stockeholme Island that is scituate fardeâ—… of worthy 〈◊〉 towarde the 〈…〉 full 〈◊〉 great as the 〈◊〉 y e I before 〈◊〉 further Betwéene the Willâ—… 〈…〉 still great as the Greâ—â—holme The Gresholme lyeth 〈…〉 Midlande Isle Gresholme whence if you sayle thyther on the south sside 〈…〉 past by the new 〈…〉 the â—…aith of Scalmeâ—… you must league the Yarlande Foxe on your lefthead Whervnto 〈◊〉 well therfor 〈◊〉 eftsoones Islande already nameâ—… any conferre them with the 〈◊〉 and S. Dauids land you shall finde them 〈…〉 it were 〈…〉 includyng the Bred 〈◊〉 wherein notwithstanding the greatnesse are 1000. perilles and no freshe Brookes for me to deale withall Thus hauing doubled the Willocke point we entred yet into the Baie to sée what Isles were there against the nexte publication of thys booke if it maye please God to graunt mée lyfe to sée it printed once againe eyther by it selfe or otherwise S. Brides Islande First of all therefore I sawe S. Brides Islande a very little patche of grounde néere the lande before I came at Galtroy rode From thence we went aboute by the little hauen Dolnach Hauen Caruay Hauen Shirelace rocke Carnbuddy and Carnay Bayes Portâ—â—aiâ—… and so into the sounde betwéene Ramsey and the point In thys sound lykewise is a litle Isle almost annexed to the maine but in the middest thereof is a rocke called the horse a myle and more by north of Ribby rocke that lyeth south east of Ramsey and more infortunate then tenne of Seianes coltes but thanked be God I neuer came on his back TheÌ„ce passing by S Stephens baie A sorte of dangerous rockes lying on a row vpon the west ende of southwals called the bishop and his clarkes and Whitesande baie we saluted the Bishop and his Clarkes as they went in Procession on oure left syde beyng lothe to take any salted holy water at their hands and came at last to the point called S. Dauids head From whence we coasted along toward the southeast till wée came ouer against S. Catherins where goyng northwardes by the brâ—…ade hauen and the Strombles heade we sayled thence northeast and by north to Langlas head then â—â—at south by the Cow and calfe two cruell rockes which we left on the 〈◊〉 hande and so costed ouer as Abergwin or Fiscarde where we founde a freshe water named Gwin Gwerne or Gwernel whose course is in manner directly out of the east into the West vntill it come within a myle of the aforesayde Towne It ryseth flat north of the periâ—â—â—y hill from whence it goeth by Pont vain Lauerellidoch Lanchar Laâ—â—ilouair and so to Abergwine or Abergwerne for I doe read both FroÌ„ Abergwin we cast about by Dyuas heade till we come to the fall of Neuerne Neuerne where Newport standeth The head of thys ryuer is aboue Capell Nauigwyn from whence it runneth by Whitchurch but care it come at Kylgwin it taketh in a little water that ryseth short of Wreny vaur thence go foorth as one vntill they come to Newport Cardigan hauen is the next fall that I dyd stumble on wherein lyeth a little Islande ouer against the north point Teify or Tiue Hereinto also commeth the Teify whereof I haue spoken somewhat in my former treatise but sith it sufficeth not for the for the full knowledge of the course of thys streame I wyll supply the want euen here in such order as insueth The Teify or Tiue ryseth in Lintiue as is aforesayde and after it hath runne from thence a little space it receyueth a brooke froÌ„ southeast that commeth out of Lin Legnant and then after the confluence runneth on to Stradfleur Abbaie beneath which it méeteth with the Myricke water that ryseth aboue Stradmyrich and soone after with the Landurch 〈…〉 both from the northwest and finally the Bromis aboue Tregaron that commeth in by the east as Leland hath set down 〈◊〉 Néere to Landwybreuy also it crosseth the Brennige by east then goeth to Landuair 〈◊〉 Cledoghe Kellan soone after taking in the Matherne from by East that parteth Cardigan partely from Carmardine shire 〈◊〉 and likewise y e Dulas aboue Lanbedder 〈…〉 which ryseth aboue Langybby and goeth thence to Bettus on the northwest it goeth next of all to Lanbedder towne then to Laâ—…ydair beneath which it crosseth the Grauelth thence to PeÌ„carocke Lanibether Lanlloyny Graâ—… Lanyhangle and Landissel and there it vniteth it selfe with the Clethor which coÌ„meth down thither by Lantisilued chappell Lanframe dethâ—… and finaly
sonne of Redwalde and after was slaine himselfe Ethelferd slainâ—… hauing raigned ouer the Northumbers about .xxij. yeares This battaile was fought neare to the water of Idle The sayde Ethelferd had issue by his wyfe Acca the daughter of Alla and sister to Edwine two sonnes Oswalde being about two yeares of age and Oswyn about foure yeares the which their father beeing thus slaine were by helpe of their gouernours conueyed away into Scotland with all speede that might be made Hen. Hunt Math. VVest hath 34. Ceovulf king of the West Saxons after hee had raigned the space of .xij. yeares departed this life who in his time had mainteyned great warre agaynst many of his neghbours the which for briefenesse I passe ouer One great battaile he fought agaynst them of Sussex in which the armies on both sides susteyned great domage The South Saxons sustaine the greater losse but the greater losse fell to the South Saxons Cicegiscus AFter the foresayde Ceovulf raigned Cinegiscus or Kingils whiche was the sonne of Ceola that was sonne to Cutha or Cutwyn the sonne of Kenricke which was sonne to king Certicke In the fourth yeare of his raigne VVil. Malm. sayeth that Oâ—…nichilinus was the brother oâ—… Cinegiscus he receyued into felowship with him in gouernaunce of the kingdome his sonne Richelinus or Onichelinus and so they raigned ioyntly togither in great loue and concorde a thing seldome seene or heard of They fought with the Brytaynes at Beandune Beandune or Beanton where at the first approch of the battailes togyther the Brytaynes fled but to late for there died of them that were ouertaken .2062 In this meane time Beda li. 2. cap. 4. Laurence Archbishop of Canterburie that succeeded next after Augustine admitted thereto by him in his life time as before is sayde did his indeuour to augment and bring to perfection the Church of Englande the foundation wherof was lately layde by his predecessor the foresayde Augustine and studied not onely for the encrease of this new Church which was gathered of the Englishe people but also he was busie to employ his pastor like cure vpon the people that were of the olde inhabitants of Brytaine and likewise of the Scottes that remayned in Irelande For when he had learned that the Scottes there in semblable wise as the Brytains in theyr Countrey ledde not theyr lyues in many poyntes according to the Ecclesiastical rules aswel in obseruing the feast of Easter coÌ„trarie to the vse of the Romain church as in other things he wrote vnto those Scottes letters exhortatorie requyring them moste instauntly to an vnitie of Catholique orders as myght bee agreeable with the Church of Christ spredde and dispersed through the worlde These letters were not written onely in his owne name but ioyntly togyther in the name of the Bishops Melitus and Iustus as thus To our deare brethren the Bishops Abbots through all Scotland Laurence Mellitus Iustus Bishops the seruants of the seruants of God wishe health Where as the Apostolike Sea according to hir maner had sent vs to preach vnto the Heathen people in these west partes as otherwise through the worlde and that it chaunced vs to enter into this Ile which is called Brytayne before we knewe and vnderstoode the state of things wee had in greate reuerence bothe the Scottes and Brytaynes which beleeued bycause as we tooke the matter they walked according to the custome of the vniuersall Churche but after we had knowledge of the Brytaynes we iudged the Scottes to be better but we haue learned by Byshop Daganus comming into this I le and by Columbanus the Abbot coÌ„ming into France that the Scottes nothing differ in theyr conuersation from the Brytaynes for Bishop Dagan comming vnto vs would neyther eate with vs no nor yet within the house where wee did eate The sayde Laurence also with his fellow Bishops did write to the Brytaines other letters worthie of his degree doing what hee coulde to confyrme them in the vnitie of the Romaine Church but it profited little as appeareth by that which Beda wryteth About the same tyme Mellitus the Bishop of London wente to Rome to commune wyth Pope Boniface for necessarie causes touching the the Church of Englande and was present at a Sinode holden by the same Pope at that season for ordinances to bee made touching the state of religious men and sate in the same Sinode that with subscribing he might also with his authoritie confirme that whiche was there orderly decreed This Sinode was holden the third kalends of March in the last yeare of the Emperour Focas which was about the yeare after the byrth of our sauiour .610 Mellitus at his returne brought with him from the Pope decrees commaunded by the sayd Pope to be obserued in the English Church with letters also directed to the Archbishop Laurence and to king Ethelbert Cadwan This Cadwan being established King shortly after assembled a power of Brytaynes and went agaynst the foresayde Ethelfred King of Northumberlande who beeing thereof aduertised did associate to him the most part of the Saxon Princes and came forth with his armie to meete Cadwane in the fielde Herevpon as they were readie to haue tryed the matter by battaile certayne of theyr friendes trauayled so betwixte them for a peace that in the ende they broughte them to agreement Galf. Mâ—â— so that Ethelferd should kept in quiet possession those his Countreys beyonde the Ryuer of Humber and Cadwan should hold all that which belonged as yet to the Brytaines on the south side the same ryuer Thys Couenaunte wyth other touching theyr agreement was confyrmed wyth othes solemnlye taken and pledges therewith delyuered so that afterwardes they continued in good and quiet peace withoute vexing the one the other What chaunced afterwardes to Edelfred yee haue before hearde rehearsed the whiche for that it soundeth more lyke to a truth than that whiche followeth in the Brytishe Booke wee omitte to make further rehearsall passing forth to other doings which fâ—…ll in the 〈…〉 son whilest 〈◊〉 Cadwane had gouernment of the Brytaynâ—…s raigning as king once them the tearme of .xxij. or as other haue but .xiij. yeares and finally was slaine by the NorthuÌ„â—…ers â—…ohn Hard. as before hath bene and also after shall be shewed In the .viij. yeare after that Cadwan began to raigne Ethelbert king of Kent departed this life in the .xxj. yeare after the comming of Augustin with his fellowes to preach the fayth of christ here in this Realme and after that Ethelbert had raigned ouer the Prouince of Kent aboute the tearme of .lvj. yeares as Bede hath but there are that haue noted three yeares lesse he departed this worlde VVil. Malm. Beda li. 2. ca. 5 as aboue is signified in the yeare of oure Lorde .617 on the .xxiiij. daye of Februarie and was buryed in the I le of Saint Martine within the Churche of the Apostles Peter and Paule without the Citie of Canterburie where
things as shulde seeme to him most expedient and namely where the more and better parte of the Englishe clergie consisted of Priestes sonnes he committed to his discretion the order to dispence with them namely suche as were of commēdable lyfe and learning that they might be admitted to exercise the ministerie according as the necessitie of time and behoofe of the Churche should require Also the Pope by the same letters gaue Anselme authoritie to absolue Richarde the Prior of Elie Richard Prior of Elye vpon his satisfaction pretermitted and to restore him to the gouernemente of the Priorie of Elye if the king thought it necessarie Aboute the Calendes of Auguste in this yeare .1107 the king helde a Councell of Bishops and Abbots and other Lords of his realme in his pallace at London and there in the absence of Anselm the matter was argued and had in talk for the space of three days togither touching the inuestures of Churches in the ende bicause the Pope had graunted to the king the homages of the bishoppes and other prelates which his predecessor Vrban had forbidden together with the inuestitures The king was contented to consent to the Popes will in forbearing the same inuestitures And so after that Anselme was come the king in presence of him and of a great multitude of his people graunted and ordeyned that from thenceforth no bishop nor abbot shuld be inuested within the realm of England by the hand either of the King or any laye man where it was againe graunted by Anselme that no person elected into y e prelacie shuld be depriued of his consecration for doing his homage to the king These things being thus ordred the churches which through England had bin long vacant were prouided of gouernors which were placed without any inuestiture of staff or ring And amongst other Anselme consecrated fiue bishops at Canterbury in one daye that is to wit William to the sea of Winchester Roger that was the kings Chauncellor to Salisbury William Warlewast to Exceter Remalyne the Queenes chauncellor to Hereford and one Vrban to Glamorgan in Wales Polidore Ran. Higd. About this season it chaunced that where a greate parte of Flaunders was drowned by breaking in of the sea ouerflowing the coūtrey a great number of Flemings came into England requiring of the king to haue some voyde place assigned them wherin they might inhabite At the firste they were appointed to the countrey lying on the east part of the Riuer of Tweede Flemings comming ouer into England haue places appointed them to inhabite but within foure yeres after they were remoued into a corner by the sea syde in Wales called Pembrookeshire to the ende they might be a defence to the Englishe there against the vnquiet Welchemen It shoulde appeare by some writers that this cōpanie of Flemings consisted not of such only as came ouer aboute that tyme by reason their countrey was ouerflowen with the sea VVil. Mal. as ye haue heard but of other also that came ouer long before that is to say in the dayes of William the conqueror through the frendship of the Queene their countreywoman sithence whiche tyme the number of them so increased that the realme of England was sore pestred with them and that therevpon king Henrye deuised to place them in Pembrokeshire bothe to auoid them so out of the other parts of Englande and also by their healpe to tame the bold presumptuous fiercenesse of the Welch men which thing in those parties they broughte very well to passe for after they wer settled there they valiantly resisted their enimies and made verie sharpe warres vpon them somtimes with gaine and sometimes with losse 1108. A Councell Si. Dunelm Eadmerus An. regn 9. In the yeare .1108 Anselme held an other counsell in the whiche in presence of the king and by the assent of the Earles and barons of the realme it was ordeyned that Priestes Deacons and Subdeacons should liue chastly and kepe no women in theyr houses except suche as were neere of kinne to them Priestes are sequestred from their vviues and that suche Priestes Deacons and Subdeacons as contrarye to the inhibition of the Councell holden at London had eyther kepte theyr wyues or maryed other of whome as Eadmerus sayth there was no small number they should put them quite from them if they wold continue still in the ministerie and that neither the same wiues shoulde come to theyr houses nor they to the houses wher their wiues dwelled but if they had any thing to say to them they shoulde take two or three witnesses and talke with them abroade in the streete and if any of them chanced to be accused of breaking this ordinaunce he shoulde be driuen to purge himselfe with sixe sufficiente witnesses of hys owne order if he were a Prieste And if hee were a Deacon wyth foure and if he were a Subdeacon with two witnesses Moreouer those Priestes that woulde forgoe the seruing of the aulter and holye order to remayne with theyr wiues should be depriued of their benefices and not bee suffered to come within the quire But suche as contemptuously kept stil their wiues and presumed to saye Masse if being called to satisfaction they shoulde neglecte it then should they be excommunicated Within compasse of whiche sentence all Archedeacons and prebendarie Canons were also comprised Archdeacons and Canons both touching the forgoing of their women and the auoiding of their companie and also the punishemente by the Censures of the church if they transgressed the ordinance Also euerye Archedeacon was appointed to bee sworne Archdeacons to be svvorne that they shoulde not take any money for fauouring any person in transgression of these statutes and that they should not suffer any Priests whom they knew to haue wiues either to say Masse or to haue any vicars The like othe shoulde a Deane receyue and that suche Archedeacons or Deanes as shoulde refuse this othe shoulde bee depriued of their roomthes The Priests which forsaking theyr wiues woulde be contente to serue God and the Altar shuld be suspended from that office by the space of fortie dayes and be allowed to haue vicars in the meane tyme to minister for them and after vpon the performance of their enioyned penance by the Bishop Penaunce they mighte returne to the ministerie In this meane time King Henry being aduertised of the death of Philip king of France Polidore Philip king of Fraunce dead and not knowing what his son Lewes surnamed Crassus might haply attempte in his newe preferrement to the Crown sayled ouer into Normandie Levvys le Gros king of Fraunce to see the countrey there in good order and the townes castelles and fortresses furnished accordingly as the doubtful time required And after hee had finished his businesse on that syde he returned into Englande where he met with Ambassadours sent to him from the Emperour Henrie ◅mbassadours from the emperour The effect
.xxiij. of September they dislodged and went that morning to Rockesbourgh encamping in a great fallow fielde betwixt Rockesbourgh and Kelsey standing Eastwarde a quarter of a myle off Here at Rockesbourgh they beganne to buylde a Forte wythin the compasse of an olde ruynous Castell the plot and site whereof standeth naturally very strong â—…tion Rockesbourgh vpon a hyll East and West of an eight score in length and three score in breadth drawing to a narownesse at the East ende the whole ground whereof the olde walles did yet enuiron Besyde the height and hardnesse to come to it is strongly fenced on either side with the course of two greate Ryuers Tyuet on the Northe and Twede on the South both which ioyning somewhat nie togyther at the West ende of it Tyuet by a large compasse aboute the fieldes in the which the Campe lay at Kelsey 〈◊〉 is still into this Tweede whiche with greate deapth and swiftnesse runneth from thence Eastwarde into the Sea at Berwicke Ouer this betwyxte Kelsey and Rockesbourgh hath there bin a great stone Bridge with Arches the which the Scots in tymes paste haue all to broken bycause the Englishe menne shoulde not that waye come to them Soone after the Lorde Protectours suruey of the plotte The determination in what sort Rockesburgh should be fortified and determination to doe as muche in deed for making it defensible as shortnesse of the tyme and season of the yeare coulde suffer which was that one great trench of twentie foot brode with deapth according and a Wall of like depth breadth and height shoulde bee made a Crosse wythin the Castell from the one syde Wall to the other and a fortie score from the West ende and that a lyke Trenche and Wall shoulde likewise bee caste a trauerse within aboute a coytes cast from the East ende and hereto that the Castell walles on either syde where need was should bee mended with Turfe and made wyth loupes as well for shooting directly forwarde as for flanking at hande the woorke of whiche deuise dyd make that besyde the sauegard of these Trenches and Walles the Keepers shoulde also be much defended from the enimies force by both the ende Walles of the Castell the Pioners were sette a woorke and diligently applyed in the same The Larde of Scsseforth and manye other Lards and Gentlemen of Tiuidall the Mers hauing come coÌ„muned wyth the L. Protector and the Counsayle made an assuraunce or as it were a truce for that daye tyll the nexte daye at nyght and on the next day Scottes that came to the kings obeysance whyle the assurance lasted these Lordes and Gentlemen beeing the â—â—â—efest in the whole Mers and Tiuidale came in agayne whome the Dukes Grace wyth wisedome and policie wythoute bloudshedde did winne then vnto the kings obedience for the whiche they did willingly then receyue an othe whose names in part ensue Lardes The Larde of Scsseforth The Larde of Fernyhurst The Larde of Greenhead The Larde of Hunthill The Larde of Hundley The Larde of Markeston by Merside The Larde of Boniedworth The Larde of Ormeston The Lard of Mallestaine The Lard of Warmesey The Lard of Lynton The Lard of Egerston The Lard of Marton The Lard of Moâ—â—e The Lard of Reddell The Lard of Reamerside Gentlemen George Trombull Iohn Hullyburton Robert Car of Greyden Adam Kyrton Andrew Kyrton Andrew Meyther Sander Spur of Erleston Marke Car of Littleden George Car of Faldenside Alexander Makdowell Charles Rotherford Thomas Car of the yere Iohn Car of Meynthorn Walter Hollyburton Richard Hanganside Andrew Car. Iames Dowglas of Cauers Iames Car of Mersington George Hoppringle William Ormeston of Endmerden Iohn Grimstow Many mothere were beside but ouerpassed by maister Paten for that they remayned in the register with these as he sayth The Duke of Somerset tendred the furtherance of the worke so much The diligence of the Duke of Somerset to further the fortification to Rocksbourgh that he forbare not to lay his owne hande to the Spade and Shouell thereby to encourage others so as there were but fewe of Lordes Knightes and Gentlemen in the field but with Spade Shouel or Mattock did therein their partes The .xxv. of September being Sunday the Scottes beganne to bring vittayle to the campe and were so well entreated and payed for the same that during the time of the English mens abode there they wanted not of the commodities which their countrey could minister A Scottish Herauld The .xxviij. of September a Scottish Herauld accompanyed with certayne French men that were perchaunce more desirous to marke the armye than to witte of theyr welfare came and declared that wythin a seuen nyght after theyr Commissioners to whom safe conduct had bene graunted should come and commune with oure Counsaile at Berwike whose comming the erle of Warwike and sir Raufe Sadler with other the Commissioners appoynted did so long while there abide but what the Scottes ment by breaking promise I cannot say howbeit come they did not and therefore escaped not the iust note of dissimulation howsoeuer else they could colour the matter in their owne excuse The same day after noone the Duke of Somerset adourned with titles of dignitie diuerse Lordes knights and gentlemen Creation the names and promotions of whome maister Paten hath set downe out of the Heraulde booke as foloweth Banerets Sir Raufe Sadler Treasurer Sir Fraunces Brian Captayne of the lyght horsemen Sir Raufe a Vane lieutenant of all the horsmeÌ„ These knights more made Banerets all dignitie aboue a Knight and next to a Baron Knightes The Lorde Gray of Wilton high Marshall The Lorde Edwarde Seymet the Duke of Somersets sonne The Lorde Thomas Howarde The Lorde Waldike a Cleuelander Sir Thomas Dâ—…cres Sir Edwarde Hastings Sir Edmonde Bridges Sir Iohn Thynne Sir Myles Patriche Sir Iohn Câ—…nwey Sir Eyles â—…oâ—…le Sir Raufe Bagnoll Sir Oliuer Laurence Sir Henrie Gates Sir Thomas Chaloner Sir Frances Flemming maister of the ordinaÌ„ce Sir Iohn Greâ—…ham Sir William Skipwith Sir Iohn Buttes Sir George Blaag Sir William Fraunces Sir Fraunces Knolles Sir William Thornburrow Sir George Howarde Sir Iames Wilforde Sir Raufe Coppingen Sir Thomas Wentworth Sir Iohn Meruen Sir Nicholas Straunge Sir Charles Sturton Sir Hugh Askue Sir Francis Salmyn Sir Richarde Tounley Sir Marmaduke Conestable Sir George Audeley Sir Iohn Holcrost Sir Iohn Southworth Sir Thomas Danby Sir Iohn Talbot Sir Rowland Clearke Sir Iohn Horsley Sir Iohn Foxster Sir Christofer Dics Sir Peter Negro Sir 〈◊〉 Vtle Sir Henrie Hussey Sir Iames Goâ—â—ds Brâ—…dander Sir Walter Boâ—…ham Sir Robert Brandâ—â—ng Maior of Newcastell and made knight there at the duke of Somersets returne But nowe that Rockesbourgh was suffeciently made be â—â—sible the which to see it seemed the Duke of Somerset had vowed before hee woulde thence depart his graâ—…e and the counsell did first 〈◊〉 that my Lorde Gray shoulde remaine vpon the borders there as the Kings Lieutenaunt â—â—ken â—â—ce of 〈◊〉
caused to retyre into the Castell which was a place well fortified with strong and massie Bulwarkes of Bricke hauing also a high and mightie ▪ Tower of great force and strength called the Keepe The towne being thus abandoned the French men had the more easie approche to the Castell who thinking to finde quiet lodging in those vacant houses entred the same without any feare And being y e night at their rest as they thought a chosen bande of souldiours appoynted by the Lorde Gray issued out by a posteine of the sayde Castell and slue no small number of their sleepie guestes and the rest they put out of their new lodgings and mangre the Duke and all the French power consumed all the houses of the Towne with fire That notwithstanding the sayd duke with all diligence began his trenches and albeit the shotte of the great artillerie from the Castell was terrible and gaue him great impeachment yet did he continue his worke without intermission and for examples sake wrought in his owne person as a common Pioner or labourer ◅tyne So that within lesse than three dayes he brought to the number of xxxv batterie peeces hard to the brim of the Castell ditche to batter the same on all sides as wel forth right as a crosse But his principall batterie he planted agaynst the strongest Bulwarke of all called Mary Bulwarke thinking by gayning of the strōger to come more easily by the weaker At this assault was slaine of Gentlemen one captaine Bourne an Englishman verie valiant also a Spanish Gentleman and common souldiours to the number of fortie or fiftie There was also sore hurt at the same assault one other Spanish Captaine with diuerse other whom for the auoyding of tediousnesse I let passe The Lorde ◅ray cōmen◅ his soul◅ers At night the Lorde Gray came to the Bulwarke and hauing rendred thankes to God for that dayes good successe did greatly commende them all for theyr manfull defence and valiaunt behauiour exhorting them to continue therein as the onely thing wherein their safetie and good name did rest The batterie as before is tolde hauing layd the Bulwarkes open they within were enforced for winning of a new Vawmure to entrench within the Bulwarke sixe foote deepe and nine in thicknesse which maruellously did strengthen the peece the same being of no great largenesse before By the next day beeing Tuesday they had planted two batteries m◅ the one in the Market place of the Towne to beate a Curteyne of the bodie of the Castell of sixe Canons the other vpon the Rampire of the towne of three peeces to beate the Catte and a flanker of the Barbican which two garded one side of the Mary bulwark This morning they bestowed most in battering at the Flankers which the day before they had felt and in deede wanne euerie one from them within sauing that of the Catte which lay high and somewhat secrete and an other at the ende of a Bray by the gate on the other side of the Bulwarke all the rest as those of the garden Bulwarke which chiefly behelde the maine breach of the Barbican and of the Keepe were quite bereued them And besides the enimie continually interteyned the breach with .viij. or ix tires y e hour In the afternoone about the same houre that they made their attempt the day afore a regimēt of Swisses with certain bands of Frenchmē approched the dike as if presently they would haue giuen the assault but there they did stay sending to the breach only a captain or two seeking therby to haue discouered what flankers yet were left to them within wherin they were preuented the L. Gray hauing before warned the gūners not to disclose them but vpon extremity And thus after an houres play with the harquebush only and a light offer or two of approche this people retired them gaue the Canon place againe which by night had driuen them within a newe to become moldwarps to entrench thēselues with all speed possible The morrow being Wednesday by the peepe of day all the batteries began without intermission held on till one of the clocke in the after noone especially y t in y e market place so preuailed as hauing cleane ruined the old wall did driue through the rampire and a new countermure of earth raysed vpon the same where the L. Gray himselfe sitting vpō a for me The daunger which my lord Gray escaped with sir Henry Palmer and maister Lewes Diue his L. cousin and deputie made a faire escape the forme being striken a sunder vnder thē without any further harm to any of them though sundrie other that day and the other following lost their liues on the same curteyn by the foresayd battrie which ful in flank did beat it wherein yet was his Lordships onely abode as his chiefest place to view and regard the behauiour and need of all the other limmes from which also a quoite might be throwne into Mary bulwarke The enimies Canon as is sayde hauing playd thus all the morning and wel searched as they thought euery corner that flankers might lurke in about the foresaid houre of one of the clock the Englishmē might descrie the trench before the breach to be stuffed with Ensignes the L. Gray streight expecting that which followed gaue word incontinently to euery place to stand on their gard encoraging euery man to continue in their wel begon endeuor A tower y t was called Webs tower yet stāding which flāked one side of the beaten bulwarke he stuffed with .xx. of the best shot w t curriers These things no sooner thus ordred The Swisses and Gascoigns giue the assault but that .viij. or .ix. ensignes of Swisses three of Gascoignes do present themselues vpon the counterscarfe without stay the Gascoignes flew into the ditch run vp the breach whom they within receyue with harquebush shot but they requite the Englishmen againe with two for one The top of the vawmure or rather trench the enimie boldly approcheth the pyke is offred to hād blowes it cōmeth Then the Swisse with a stately leasure steppeth into the ditche close togither marcheth vp the breach the fight increaseth waxeth very hote the breach all couered with the enimies The small shot in Webbes tower began now their parts no bullet that went in vaine on the other side againe .xx. of the Spaniards on the inside of the Brayes had laid themselues close till the heate of the assault then shewing thēselues did no lesse gall the enimies thā the tower Thus went it no lustilier assayled thā brauely defended At last after an hours fight more the gouernors without finding the great slaughter that theyrs went to small auaile and perceyuing the two litle Casemates of the tower Brayes to be the cheifest annoyances did cause a retire to be sounded withall three or four of the canōs in y e market place to be turned vpō Webs tower y e
verie hell for the time They also hurled downe ouer the Walles vppon the assaylantes heades greate plentie of stones logges and mightie peeces of tymber which did muche hurt to the English men and Scottes that forced themselues to climbe vp But yet neuerthelesse manye there were that entered the Towne in sundrye places of the whyche some came backe agayne although others were beaten downe and slaine To conclude at length all that escaped with lyfe were forced to retyre with the losse of seuen or eyght skore Englishmen some haue sayde two hundred which were slaine outryght The number slaine and hurt at the assault besyde those that were wounded being in number at the least two or three hundred and amongest other there were dyuerse Capitaynes and Gentlemen that were hurt as Syr Thomas Hesketh Maister Sutton Maister Newporte maister Conwey Captaine Wood Thomas Fitton with others Vppon the repulse thus giuen to our men by the French they aduaunced and set vp fourtene Ensignes presentlye aboute the Towne and continewed otherwyse quyet all that daye Wednesday the eyght of May in the after Noone sir George Howarde and sir Richarde Lee departed towardes Barwike wyth certayne Companies of Horsemen for their safeconduction Thursday the ninth of May the Frenchmen wrought verie earnestly within the towne to fortifie the necessarie places and repayre the breaches euen in the face of the English ordinance which went off dyuerse tymes and dyd them much hurt The same daye also the Frenche hadde manned to the Sea wardes a Boate fraught wyth fyftie Harquebusiers meaning to conuey them ouer to Insketh but the Englishe Shippes discouering them prepared certayne Boates to encounter them whereof they beyng aware returned Fryday the tenth of May Maister Inglebie Captaine Pickman A supply from Barwike and Captain Browne came to the Campe from Berwike with a supplie of .450 souldiours The same day aboute tenne of the clocke at night there chaunced a brawle to fall oute among the Scottes that watched in the trenches nearest vnto the Towne of Lieth an the West side insomuch that one of them fell to and killed an other which disorder being perceyued of the French within Lieth they issued out and ment to haue vsed the aduantage but the English men that watched neare vnto the Scottes stayed the fray and did not onely bring them to quiet but also put the French men to flight Sunday the .xij. of May about midnight the Frenchmen to the number of two hundred sallied forth of the towne minding to giue a camisado to the Englishe men that kept watche that night in the trenches at the West side of Montpelham but they were discried and certaine of them killed and so had the repulse Sir Fraunces Leake bringeth a supply to the campe Wednesday the .xv. of May sir Frauncis Leake came to the campe with a supplie of fiue hundred men from Barwike Thursday the .xvj. of May towardes night the Frenchmen to the number of one hundred footmen and .xxx. horsemen came abroade shewed themselues very braue skirmishing with the English men at the west end of their towne Tuisday the .xxj. of May about .vij. of the clocke at night there issued forth of Lieth sixe horsemen and one hundred footmen Harquebusiers marching towarde Montpelham to offer skirmish A skirmish wherevpon Captaine Vaughan went forth to them verie orderlye and skyrmished with them a pretie while and in the meane tyme off went the greate Ordinance on both sides In the end the French men were driuen to retyre into the towne for the English men shewed themselues verie egre and valiantly charged their enimies put them to retyre and chased them in at theyr gates The French men chased to the whiche they followed them right hardily The same night maister Frauncis Somerset and other Captaines were appoynted to kepe a Fort buylt aboue the campe and now finished tooke name of him being Captaine thereof and was after called Somersets Mount. Somersets Mount The same day a souldiour of captain Druries band was hāged for going to Edenbourgh contrarie to a Proclamation inhibiting any soldiour so to do without speciall licence Sir Peter Carew Wednesday the .xxij. of May sir Peter Carew came to the Campe beeing sent from the Court. Thursday the .xxiiij. of May at seuen of the clocke at night the French sallied forth to the number of two hundred footmen and .xx. horsemen at the relief of the wardes when the watch shoulde be set meaning as it appeared to haue woonne the Trenches from the Englishmen wherevpon a sore skyrmishe followed dyuerse slaine and many hurt on both partes yet in the ende the Frenche menne were dryuen home by plaine force This was at the West syde of the towne where they had fortified towards the Sea The same day the Frenchmen of Dunbarre tooke an English Hay laden with double beere An English hoy taken biefe oxen and flitches of bakon Saterday the .viij. of Iune sir Iohn Neuill with CCC men Captaine Bridges and captaine Drurie with other three hundred set from Barwike towards the campe where they arryued on Monday the .x. of Iune The Queene Dowager departeth this life on which day the Queene Dowager departed this life The .xiij. of Iune sir William Cicill principal Secretarie to the Queenes Maiestie now Lorde Burley and high Treasorer of England and Doctor Wotton deane of Canterburie and Yorke came to Barwike appoynted Commissioners on hir sayde Maiesties behalfe to treate of an accorde with the Conte de Randon and the bishop of Valence cōmissioners sent for that purpose from the French king and his wife Marie Queene of Scotland The .xiiij. of Iune being Fryday a certaine number of French men came forth of Lieth to gather Cockles on the Sands towards Montpelham The French gather cockles to their hin◅derance whereof the Englishmen perceyuing set vpon them slue .lxx. and tooke xvj of them prysoners On Sunday the .xvj. of Iune the foreremembred commissioners came to Edenbourgh Sir William Cicil and doctor Wotton came to Edenbourgh and as maister Secretarie and Doctor Wotton passed the English fortes and campe they were saluted with a gallant peale of the harquebusters that shot off their harquebusses verse liuely Monday the .xvij. of Iune about eight of the clocke an abstinence of warre was concluded warning being giuen by the discharging of two peeces of the great artillerie out of the Castell and then the Frenchmen shewed and aduaunced themselues vpon their rampiers Saterday the .xxij. of Iune the abstinence was broken of which till then had beene truely kept and obserued Thursday the fourth of Iuly about three of the clock in the after noone the French came out of Lieth according to their accustomed maner to gather Cockles whervpon the Lord Lieutenant being at that present in Montpelham sent a Drumme vnto Monsieur Doysell to signifie to him that his soldiours had gone further without theyr boundes than they might do by the order taken
maintenance of themselues and their posteritie for euermore To be short therefore after the Gyantes and great Princes or mightie men of the world had conspired and slaine the aforesayd Osyris Hercules his sonne surnamed Libius in the reuenge of his fathers death proclaymed open warres agaynst them all and going from place to place he ceased not to spoyle their kingdomes and therewithall to kill them that fell into his handes Finally hauing among other ouercome the Lomnimi or Geriones in Spayne Lomnimi Geriones and vnderstanding that Lestrigo his sonnes did yet remayne in Italie he directed his voyage into those parts and taking the kingdome of the Celtes in his waye he remayned for a season with Lucus the king of that Countrie where he also maried his daughter Galathea Galathea and beg at a sonne by hir calling him after his moothers name Galates Galates of whome in my Chronologie I haue spoken more at large In the meane time Albion vnderstanding howe Hercules intended to make warres agaynst his brother Lestrigo he thought it good to stop him that tyde and therefore sending for hys brother Bergion Bergion out of the Orchades where he also reygned as supreme Lorde and gouernour they ioyned their powers Pomponius Laetus sayled ouer into Fraunce Being arriued there it was not long ere they met with Hercules and his armie neare vnto the mouth of the riuer called Rhodanus where happened a cruell conflicte betwéene them in which Hercules and hys men were lyke to haue lost the daye for that they were in maner weryed with loÌ„g warres and their munition sore wasted in the last voiage that he had made for Spaine Herevppon Hercules perceyuing the courages of his souldiours somewhat to abate séeing the want of munition likely to be the cause of his fatall day and present ouerthrowe at hande it came sodenly into his mynde to will eche of them to defende himselfe by throwing of stones at hys enimie wherof there lay great store then scattered in the place The policie was no sooner published than put in execution whereby they so preuayled in th ende that Hercules wan the fielde their enemies were put to flight and Albion and his brother both slayne Albion slayne and buried in that plot Thus was Britaine ridde of a tyrant Lucus king of the Celtes deliuered froÌ„ an vsurper that daily incroched vpon him also euen in his owne kingdome on that side and Lestrigo greatly weakened by the slaughter of his brethren Of this inuention of Hercules in lyke sort it commeth that Iupiter father vnto Hercules who in déede was none other but Osyris is feygned to throw downe stones from heauen vpon Albion and Bergion It rayned â—…ones in the defence of Hercules his son which came so thick vpon them as if great drops of raine or hayle should haue descended from aboue no man well knowing which waye to turne him from their violence they came so fast and with so great a strength But to go forwarde albeit that Albion and his power were thus discomfited and slayne yet the name that he gaue vnto thys Islande dyed not but still remained vnto the time of Brute who arriuing here in the 1127 before Christ and 2840. after the creation not onely chaunged it into Britayne after it had bene called Albion by the space of 595. yeares but to declare his souereigntie ouer the reast of the Islandes also that are about the same he called them all after the same maner so that Albion was sayde in tyme to be Britanniarum insula maxima that is the greatest of those Isles that bare the name of Britayne It is altogither impertinent to discusse whether Hercules came into thys Islande after the death of Albion Hercules â—…n Britayne or not althoughe that by an auncient monument séene of late and the Cape of Hartland in the West countrie Promontorium Herculis called Promontorium Herculis in olde tyme diuers of our Brytishe wryters doe gather great likelyhoode that he shoulde also be here But syth hys presence or absence maketh nothing wyth the alteration of the name of this our Region and Countrie I passe it ouer as not incident to my purpose Neyther will I spend any time in the determination â—…o Marius Niger coÌ„ment de Britannia Cap. 2. whether Brittayne hath bene sometyme a percell of the mayne althoughe it shoulde well séeme so to haue bene bycause that before the generall floudde of Noah we doe â—…t â—…eade of Islandes As for the spéedie and timely inhabitation thereof this is myne opinion that it was inhabited shortly after the diuision of the earth For I reade that when ech Captayne and his company had their portions assigned vnto them by Noah in the partition that he made of the whole earth among hys posteritie Theophilus Antiothenus ad Antolicum they neuer ceased to trauayle and search out the vtter most boundes of the same vntill they founde out their parts allotted and had séene and vewed the limites thereof euen vnto the very pooles It shall suffice therefore only to haue touched these things in this manner a farre of and in returning to our purpose to procéede with the reast concerning the denomination of our Island which was knowen vnto most of the Gréekes for a long time by none other name than Albion and to say the truth euen vnto Alexanders daies notwithstanding that Brute as I haue sayde had chaunged the same into Britayne manye hundred yeares before After Brutus I doe not find that any man attempted to chaunge it agayne vntill the tyme that one Valentinus a rebell Valentia in the dayes of Valentinianus and Valens endeuored to reygne there In supplemento Eusebij lib 28. and therevppon as Ierome sayth procured it to be called Valentia The lyke also dyd Theodosius in the remembraunce of the two aforesayde Emperours as Marcellinus saith but as neyther of these tooke anye holde among the common sort so it retayned stil the name of Britaine vntill the reygne of Echert who about the 800. yeare of grace gaue forth an especiall Edict dated at Wynchester that it shoulde be called Angles land or Angellandt AngellaÌ„dt or Angles land for which in our time we doe pronounce it England And this is all right Honourable that I haue to say touching the seuerall names of this Islande vtterly mislyking in the meane season their deuises which make Hengist the only parent of the later denomination wheras Echert bicause his auncestours descended from the Angles one of the seauen Nations that came wyth the Saxons into Britayne for they were not all of one but of diuers countries as Angles Saxons Germaynes Only Saxons arriued here at the first with Hengist Switchers Norwegiens c. and all comprehended vnder y e name of Saxons bicause of Hengist the Saxon his coÌ„pany that first aryued here before any of the other and therto hauing now the monarchie prehemineÌ„ce in
Cham wherein Gyauntes dyd inhabit who trusting to the strength and hugenesse of their bodies dyd verye great oppression and mischiefe in the worlde The Hebrues called them generally by the name of Enach peraduenture of Henoch the sonne of Cain froÌ„ whom that pestileÌ„t race at the first desceÌ„ded And of these moÌ„sters also some families remained vnto the time of Moses in comparison of whom the children of Israell confessed themselues to be but Grashoppers Nu. cap â–ª vers 3â—… 34. which is one noble testimonie that the word Gygas or Enach is so well taken for a man of huge stature as for an homeborne childe wicked tyraunt and oppressour of the people Furthermore there is mention made also of Og sometyme king of Basan Deut. 3â—… vers â—… Og â—… Basaâ—… who was the last of the race of the Gyaunts that was left in the lande of promise to be ouercome by the Israelites whose bedde was afterwarde shewed for a woonder at Rabbath a citie of the Ammonites and conteyned 9. cubites in length and 4. in bredth which cubites I take to be geometricall that is eache one sixe of the smaller â–ª as dyd those also whereof the Arke was made as our Diuines affirme In the first of Samuell you shall reade of Goliath a philistine Cap. â—… ver 4.5 â–ª Goliath â–ª the weight of whose Taberde or iacke was of fiue hundreth sicles or so many ounces that is 312. pounde after the rate of a sicle to an ounce his speare was like a weauers beame the onelye head whereof weighed 600. ounces of yron or 37. pounde and a halfe english his height also was measured at 6. cubites and an hande bredth all which do importe that he was a notable Gyaunt and a man of great strength to weare such an armour beweld so heauy a launce In the second of Samuell Cap. 21. ver 16.17 c. I finde report of 4. Gyaunts borne in Geth of which the third was like vnto Goliath the fourth had 24. fingers and toes whereby it is euident that the generation of Gyaunts were not extinguished in Palestine vntill the tyme of Dauid which was 2890. after the floude nor vtterly consumed in Og as some of our expositours woulde haue it Now to come vnto our christen writers for although the authorities already alleged out of the worde are sufficient to confirme my purpose at the full yet will I not let to set downe such other notes as experience hath reuealed onelye to the ende that the reader shall not thinke the name of Gyaunts with their quantities and other circumstaunces mentioned in the scriptures rather to haue some misticall interpretation depending vppon them then that the sence of the text in this behalfe is to be taken simple as it lyeth S. Augustine noteth how he saw the tooth of a man â—…e ciuitate â—…i lib. 15. p. 9. wherof he tooke good aduisement pronounced in the ende that it would haue made 100. of his owne or any other mans that lyued in his tyme. The like hereof also doeth Iohn Bocase set downe â—…hannes â—…ccatius in the 48. Chapter of his fift booke saying that in y e caue of a mouÌ„tayne not farre from Drepanum a towne of Sicilia the body of an excéeding high Gyaunt was discouered thrée of whose téeth did weigh 100. ounces which being conuerted into English poise doth yéelde 8. pounde and 4. ounces after twelue ounces to the pounde â—…at Weston The bodye of Pallas was founde in Italy in the yeare of grace 1038. and being measured it conteined 20. foote in leÌ„gth this Pallas was coÌ„panion with Aeneas There was a carcase also laid bare in England vpoÌ„ the shore â—…hannes â—…land â—…asseus â—… where the beating of the sea had washed away y e yearth from the stone wherein it lay when it was taken vp it conteined 50. foote in measure as our histories doe reporte The lyke was séene in Wales in the yeare 1087. of 14. foote Iâ—… Perth moreouer a village in Scotlande another was taken vp which to this day they shewe in a Church vnder the name of little Iohn being also 14. foote in length as diuers doe affirme which haue beholden the same In the yeare of grace 1475. the bodye of Tulliola daughter vnto Cicero was taken vp and found higher by not a fewe féete then the common sorte of women liuing in those dayes Geruasius Tilberiensis hedde Marshall to the King of Arles writeth Geruasius Tilberiensis in his Chronicle dedicated to Otho 4. howe that at Isoretum in the suburbes of Paris he sawe the bodye of a man that was twentye foote long beside the heade and necke which was missing and not founde the owner hauing peraduenture bene beheadded for some notable trespasse committed in times past Thomas â—…liot A carkasse was taken vp at Iuye Church nere Salisburye but of late to speake of almost 14 foote long â—…eland In Gillesland in Come Whitton paroche not far from the chappell of the Moore sixe miles by East from Carleill a coffin of stone was founde and therein the bones of a man of more then incredible greatnes Richarde Grafton in his Manuell telleth of one whose shinne bone conteined sixe foote Richard Grafton his scul so great that it was able to receiue 5. peâ—…kes of wheate wherefore by coniecturall symmetrye of these partes his bodye must néedes be of 28. foote or rather more if it were diligently discussed â—…iluester â—…yraldus The body of king Arthur being found in the yere 1189. was two foote higher than any man that came to behold y e same finally the carcas of William conquerour was séene not many yeares since in the Citie of Cane Constans fama Galorum twelue ynches longer by y e iudgment of such as saw it thaÌ„ any man which dwelled in the countrey all which testimonies I note togither bicause they procéede from Christian writers from whome nothing shoulde bée farther or more distant then of set purpose to lie féede the world with Fables Nowe it resteth furthermore y t I set downe what I haue read therof in Pagane writers who had alwayes great regarde of their credit and so ought all men that dedicate any thing vnto posteritie least in going about otherwise to reape renowme and praise they doe procure vnto themselues in the ende nothing else but méere contempt and infamy for my part I will touch rare thinges and such as to my selfe doe séeme almost incredible howbeitas I find them so I note them requiring your Honour in reading hereof to let euerye Author beare hys owne burden and euery Oxe his bundle Plutarche telleth howe Sertorius being in Libia néere vnto the stréetes of Maroco In vita Sertorij de Antheo caused the Sepulchre of Antheus afore remembred to be opened for heareing by coÌ„mon report that the saide Gyaunt lay buryed there whose corps was 50. cubits long at the least he was so
fish for which he did cast his hooke so great was the fishe that he caught in the end that within the space of 1000 lesse it deuoured the fourth parte and more of the best soyle of the Islande which was whollye bestowed vpon his monkes and other relygious brodes y t were hatched since his time Whilest these things were thus in hande in the south parte of Albion the Meates Pictes and Caledoniens Meates Pictes Caledonies which lye beyonde the Scottish sea receiued also the preaching of such christian elders as aduentured thither daily and not without great successe and increase of perfit godlynesse in that parte of the I le Certes this prosperous attempt passed all mens expectatioÌ„ for that these nations were in those dayes reputed wild sauage and more vnfaithfull and craftye then well minded people as the wilde Irish are in my time and such were they to say the truth in déede as neyther the sugred curtesye nor sharpe swordes of the Romaines coulde restreyne from their naturall fury or bring to any order For this cause also in th end y e Romaine Emperours did vtterly cast them of as an vnprofitable brutishe and vntameable nation by an huge wall hereafter to be described separated that rude companye from the milde and ciuill portion Scotlande conuerted to y e fayth of Christ This conuersion of the north parts fell out in the sixt yeare before the warres that Seuorus had in those quarters and 170. after y e death of our Sauiour Iesus Christ From thenceforth also the christian religion contynued still among them by the diligent care of their Pastors and Byshops after the vse of the churches of the south part of this Island tyll the Romaine shepehearde sought them out and founde the meanes to pull them vnto him in like sort with his long staffe as he had done our countryemen whereby in in the ende he abolished the rites of the churches of Asia there also as Augustine had done already in England and in stéede of the same did furnish it vp with those of his pontificall Sie although there was great contention and no lesse bloudshed made amongst them before it coulde be brought to passe as by the Hystories of both nations yet extaunt is casye to be séene Palladius In the time of Coelestine Bishop of Rome one Palladius The first attempt of the Bish of Rome to bring Scotlande vnder hys obedience a Grecian borne to whome Cyrill wrote hys Dialogue de adoratione in spiritu sometime disciple to Iohn the 24. Bishop of Ierusalem came ouer from Rome into Brytaine there to suppresse the Pellagien heresye which not a little molested the Orthodoxes of that Iland And hauing done much good in the extinguishing of the aforesayd opinioÌ„ there he went at the last also into Scotlande supposing no lesse but after he had trauailed somewhat in confutation of the Pelagiens in those partes he shoulde easilye perswade that crooked nation to admit and receiue the rytes of the church of Rome as he woulde faine haue done beforehande in the south Fastidius Bishop of London But as Fastidius Bishop of LondoÌ„ and his Suffragans resisted him here so dyd the Scottish Prelates withstande him here also in this behalfe howbeit because of the authoritie of his commisson grauitie of personage the great gift which he had in the vayne of pleasaunt perswasion whereby he drewe the people after him as Orpheus did the stones with his Harpe and Hercules such as hearde him by his tongue they had hym in great admiration are nowe contented the rather also for that he came froÌ„ Rome to take him for their chiefe Apostle Palladiâ—…e accomptâ—… for the Apostle of Scottes returning from hys comming vnto them as from the fayth receiued which was in the 431. yeare of Christ as the truth of theyr History doth very well confirme Thus wée sée what religion hath from time to time béene receiued in this Islande and howe and when the faith of Christ came first into our country Howbeit as in processe of time it was ouershadowed and corrupted with the dreames and fantasticall imaginations of man so it daily waxed woorse woorse till that it pleased God to restore the preaching of his Gospell againe in our dayes wherby the man of sinne is nowe openly reuealed and the puritye of the worde once agayne brought to light to the vtter ouerthrowe of Sathan and his Popish adherentes that honour him day and night Of the number and names of such salt Islands as lye dispersed rounde about vppon the coast of Brytaine Cap. 8. THere are néere vnto or not verye farre from the coasts of Brytaine many faire Islandes whereof Irelande with hir neighbors not here haÌ„dled séeme to be the chiefe But of y e reast some are much larger or lesse then other diuers in lyke sort enuironed continually with the salt sea whereof I purpose onely to intreate although not a few of them be Ilands but at the floude other finally be clipped partely by the fresh and partly by the salt water or by the freshe alone whereof I may speake afterwarde Of these salt Islandes for so I call them that are enuyroned with the Ocean-waues some are fruitefull in Wood Corne Wildefoule and pasture grounde for Cattel albeit that manye of them be accounted barren because they are only replenished with conies those of sundry collors cherished of purpose by the owners for their skinnes carcases and prouysion of housholde wythout eyther man or woman otherwise inhabiting in them Furthermore the greatest number of these Islandes haue Townes and parishe Churches within theyr seuerall precinctes some mo some lesse and beside all thys are so inriched with commodities that they haue pleasant hauens freshe springes great store of fishe and plentye of Cattell whereby the inhabitants doe reape no small aduantage How many they are in nuÌ„ber I caÌ„not as yet determine bycause myne informations are not so fully set down as the promises of some on the side myne expectation on the other did exteÌ„d vnto Howbeit y e first of al there are certeine which lie néere togither as it were by heaps clusters I hope 〈◊〉 will rediliy deny Nesiadae Insule Scylurum Sileustrae Syllanae Sorlingae Sylley Hebrides Hebudes Meuanie Orchades Of these also those called y e Nesiadae Insulae Scylurum Sileustrae Syllanae nowe y e sorlings and Isles of Silley lying beyond Cornwall are one and conteineth in number one hundred fourtye seauen eche of them bearing grasse besides shelfers and shallowes In like sort the company of the Hebrides are another which are sayd to be 43. situate vpon the west side of this Island betwéene Ireland and Scotland and of which there are some that repute Anglesey Mona Gaesaris other lying betwéene them to be percell in theyr corrupted iudgement The thirde cluster or bunche consisteth of those that are called the Orchades and these lye vpon the
from Lanchester Coue. which is sixe myles higher then Chester in the Streate and then goeth to Chester it selfe whereabout it méeteth with the Hedley Hedley Gaundlesse Finally the Gawndelesse that ryseth sixe myles by west of Akelande castell and running by the south side thereof passeth by west Akeland S. Helenes Akelande s Andrewes Akeland Bishops Akeland and eare long into the Were and thus much of waters omitted in y e Tine Were These Lelande writing of the These repeateth the names of sundry riuerets whereof in the former Treatize I haue made no mencion at all notwithstanding y e some of their courses may perhaps be touched in the same as the Thurisgill whose heade is not farre froÌ„ the Spittle that I do reade of in Stanmoore Thuresgil The Grettey commeth by Barningham Mortham and falleth into the These aboue Croftes bridge Gretty The Dare or Dere runneth by Darlington Dare. likewise into the These aboue the aforesayd bridge Wiske As for the Wiske it commeth thereinto from by south vnder Wiske bridge Danby Northalberton and eare long also into a greater streame which going a little lower vnder an other bridge doth runne by one chanell into the aforesayd ryuer before it come at the These And these are the brookes that I haue obserued sith the impression of my first booke in Leland those that followe I referred hither of purpose Thorpe alias Leuend The Thorpe riseth of sundry heads wherof one is aboue Pinching Thorpe from whence it goeth to Nonnethorpe and so to Stokesley The seconde hath two braunches and so placed that Kildale standeth betwéene them both finally méeting beneath Easby they go by Eaton and likewise vnto Stokesley The last hath also two braunches wherof one commeth from Inglesby and méeteth with the seconde beneath Broughton going from theÌ„ce to Stokesley they mete with the Thorpe aboue the towne as the other fal into it somewhat beneath the same From hence it goeth to Ridley and there taketh in another rill comming from Potto thence to Crawthorne brooke Crawthorne Leuanton MiltoÌ„ Hilton Inglesby so into the These betwéene Yarne and Barwijc whereof I made mention before although I neither named it nor shewed y e descriptioÌ„ Some cal it not Thorpe but the Leuend brooke or Leuen water and thus much of some of the waters eyther omitted or not fullye touched in the former Treatize Of such streames as fall into the maine riuers betweene Humber and the Thames Cap. 3. THe course of the Ouze is alreadie set forth in the first booke of this description so exactely as I hope that I shall not néede to adde any more thereunto at this time Ouze Wherefore I will deale onely with such as fall into the same ymagining a voyage froÌ„ the Rauenspurne vntill I come néere to the heade of These and so southwardes about againe by the bottome of the hilly soyle vntill I get to Buxston Sheffelde Scroby and the very south point of Humber mouth wherby I shall crosse them all that are to be found in this walke and leaue I doubt not some especiall notice of their seuerall heads courses The course of the Hul is already described Hul 〈◊〉 yet here I will not let to insert Lelandes description of the same and that more for those odde notes which he hath set down in the processe of his matter then that I thincke his dealing herein to be more exacte then myne if so much may be sayde without all cause of offence The Hulne saieth he riseth of thrée seuerall heads whereof the greatest is not farre from Dryfielde nowe a small village sixtéene myles froÌ„ Hull Certes it hath béene a goodly towne and therein was the pallace of Egbright king of the Northumbers and place of Sepulture of a noble Saxon king whose name I now remember not although his ToÌ„be remaine for ought that I do know to the contrarie with an inscription vpon the same written in Latine letters Neare vnto this towne also is the Danefielde wherein great numbers of Danes were slaine and buried in those hils which yet remaine there to be séene ouer their bones and carkasses The second head saith he is at Estburne and the thirde at Emmeswell and méeting altogither not farre from Dryfielde the water there beginneth to be called Hulne as I haue sayde alreadie From hence also it goeth thorowe Beuerley medowes and comming at the last not farre from an arme led from the Hulne by mans hande and able to beare great vessels almost to Beuerley towne Cottâ—â—â—ham méeting thereabout also with the CottinghaÌ„ becke comming froÌ„ Westwood by the way it hasteth to Kingston vpon Hulne and so into the Humber without any maner impechement â—â—wlney The Fowlney riseth about Godmanham from whence it goeth by Wighton Hareswell Seton Williams bridge and soone after spreading it selfe one arme called Skelflete â—â—elflete goeth by Cane Cawsey to Browneflete and so into the Ouze The other passeth by Sandholme Gilbertes dike Scalby chappell Blacketoft and so into the aforesayde Ouze leauing a very pretie Islande which is a percel as I here of Walding fen more though otherwyse obscure to vs that dwell here in the south â—â—rwent The Darwent ryseth in the hilles that lye west of Robin Whodes baie or two myles aboue Ayton bridge west of Scarborow as Lelande sayth and eare it hath runne farre from the head it receyueth two rilles in one bottome from by west which ioyne withall about Langdale ende Thence they go togyther to Broxey and at Hacknesse take in an other water comming from about Silsey Afterwarde it commeth to Ayton then to Haybridge â—â—nford and there crosseth the Kenforde that descendeth from Roberteston After this also it goeth on to Pottersbrumton where it taketh in one rill as it doth another beneath running from Shirburne and the thirde yet lower on the fader bancke that descendeth from Brumpton From these confluences it runneth to Fowlbridge Axbridge Yeldingham bridge and so to Cotehouse receyuing by the way many waters Lelande reconing vp the names of the seuerall brookes numbreth them confusedly after his accustomed order The Darwent saith he receyueth diuers streames as the Shyrihutton â—…hirihutâ—â—n â—…rambeck The seconde is the Crambecke descending from Hunderskell castell â—…rambeck so called tanquaÌ„ a centum fontibus or multitude of Springes that ryse about the same and goeth to Rie which comming out of the Blacke moores passeth by Riuers abbay taking in the Ricoll on the left hande 〈◊〉 â—â—coll â—…euen â—…ostey â—â—ckering then the Seuen the Costey and Pickering brooke The Seuen also sayeth he riseth in the side of Blackmoore and thence goeth by Sinnington foure myles froÌ„ Pickering and about a myle aboue a certayne bridge ouer Rie goeth into y e Streame The Costey in like sorte springeth in y e very edge of Pickering towne at a place called Keld head and goeth into the Rie
brynge out none but rather buy vppe that which the poore bring vnder pretence of séede corne because one wheat often sowen without chaunge of séede will soone decay and be conuerted into darnell For this cause therefore they must néedes buy in the markettes though they be twentye myles of and where they be 〈◊〉 knowne promising there to send so much to theyr next market to performe I wote not when If thys shyft serue not neither doth the foxe vse alwayes one tracke for feare of a snare they wil compound w t some one of the towne where the market is holden who for a pot of hufcappe or mery go downe wyll not let to buy it for them that in his owne name Or else they wage one poore man or other to become a bodger thereto get him a lycence vpon some forged surmize which being done they will féede him with money to buy for them till he hath filled theyr losses and then if he can doe any good for himselfe so it is if not they wyll gyue him somewhat for his paines at this â—…yâ—…le and reserue him for another yeare How many of these prâ—…ders stumble vppon blynde créekes at the sea cost I wote not well but that some haue so done vnder other mens winges the cause is to playne But who dare finde faulte with theÌ„ when they haue once a lycence though it be but so serue a meane Gentlemans house with corne who hath cast vp at his talage because he bâ—…astreth how he can buy his graine in y e market better cheape theÌ„ he can sâ—…w his laÌ„d as the 〈◊〉 grasier often doth also vpon y e like deuise If any man come to buy a bushel or two for his expences vnto y e market crosse aunswere is made forsooth here was one euen nowe that badde me money for it and I hope he will haue it And to saye the truth these bodgers are faire 〈◊〉 for there are no more words with them but let me sée it what shall I giue you knitiâ—… it vp I will haue it go câ—…ry it to such a chamber But to 〈◊〉 by this â—…yâ—…ke this poore occupieâ—… hath all 〈◊〉 his croppe for 〈◊〉 of money beyng 〈…〉 againe 〈◊〉 longe And 〈…〉 the whole sale of corne in the great 〈◊〉 handes â–ª who hytherto 〈…〉 lyttle 〈◊〉 of their own 〈…〉 men so much as they 〈…〉 Hencefoorth also they begin to 〈…〉 by the quarter or made at the first For maring of the market but by the 〈◊〉 or two or an 〈…〉 the most therby to be 〈◊〉 â—…o kéepe the market eyther for a shewe or to made men â—…geâ—… to buy and so as they maye haue it for money not to regarde what they pay And thus corne 〈◊〉 deare but it will be dearer the next 〈…〉 day It is possible also that they myslyke the pryce in the begynnyng for whole yeare 〈◊〉 as mâ—…n 〈◊〉 that corne 〈…〉 of better price in the next 〈…〉 wyll they threshe out thrée partes of 〈…〉 corne toward the 〈…〉 when newe commeth a 〈◊〉 to hande and cast the same into the fourth vnthreshed where it shall lye vntyll the next Spryng or peraduenture tyll it must 〈…〉 Or else they â—â—ill gyrde their 〈◊〉 of by the hand and stâ—…cke it vp of newe in 〈…〉 to th ende it may not onely appeare lesse in quantity but also gyue place to the corne that is yet to come into the â—…arne or growing the field If there happen to be such plentye in the market vpon any 〈◊〉 day that they can not â—…ell at their owne 〈…〉 they set it vp in some friendes house against an other or the thirde day and not bringe it foorth vntyll they lyke of the 〈◊〉 If they â—…ell any at home beside harder measure it shal be dearer to the poore man by two pence or a groate in a bushell then they maye 〈…〉 in the market But as there things are worthy redresse so I wyshe that God woulde once open their eyes that 〈◊〉 thus to sée there owne errours for as yet some of them lyttle care howe many poore men suffer extreâ—â—â—ie so that they may 〈◊〉 their 〈◊〉 and carye aldaye the gaine I coulde saye more but this is euen ynough and more peraduenture then I shall be well thanked for yet true it is though some 〈◊〉 it no 〈◊〉 This moreouer is to be lamented that one generall measure is not in vse thorowout all Englande but euery 〈◊〉 towne hath in a maner a seuerall measure and the lesser it be the 〈◊〉 sellers it draweth 〈…〉 vnto the same It is oft â—…ounde likewise that diuers 〈…〉 haue one measure to 〈◊〉 by and another to buy withall the lyke is also in weightes Wherfore it were verye good that these two were reduced vnto one standerd that is one bushell one pound one quarter one huÌ„dred one tale one number so should things in time fal into better order fewer causes of contention be mooued in this land But more of this herafter in the next booke where I haue inserted a litle treatize which I sometimes collected of our weights measures and their comparison with those of the auncient Gréekes and Romaines To coÌ„clude therfore in our markets all things are to be solde necessarie for mans vse and there is our prouision made commonly for all the wéeke insuing Therefore as there are no great townes without one wéekely market at the least so there are very fewe of them that haue not one or twoo fayres or more within the compasse of the yeare assigned vnto them by the prince And albeit that some of them are not much better then the common kirkemesses beyonde the sea yet there are diuers not inferiour vnto the greatest martes in Europe as Sturbridge Faire neare to Cambridge Bartholomewe fayre at London Linne mart Cold fayre at Newport pond for cattell and diuers other all which or at the leastwyse the greatest part of them to the end I may with the more ease to the reader lesse trauayle to my self fulfill my taske in their recitall I haue set down according to y e names of the monethes wherin they are holden at y e end of this booke where you shall finde them at large as I borowed the same froÌ„ Stow. Of Armour and Munition Cap. 12. HOw well or how strongly our countrey hath béene furnished in tymes past with armor and artillery it lyeth not in me as of my selfe to make rehearsall Yet that it lacked both in the late tyme of Quéene Mary not onely thexperience of myne elders but also the talke of certaine Spaniards not yet forgotten dyd leaue some manifest notice Vpon the first I néede not stand for few wil denye it For the seconde I haue hearde that when one of the greatest péeres of Spaine espyed our nakednesse in this behalfe and did solemnely vtter in no obscure place that it shoulde be an easie matter in shorte tyme to coÌ„quere England bycause it wanted armor his words were
in rehearsall thereof I should commende the noble man marchant and frugall artificer so I coulde not cleare the meaner sort of husbandmen and country inhabitaunts of very much babbling except it be here and there some odde man nowe then surfeting and drunkennesse which they rather fall into for want of héede taking theÌ„ wilfully following or delighting in those errours of set minde and purpose The breade thorowout the lande is made of such graine as the soyle yeldeth neuerthelesse the gentilitie commoÌ„ly prouide themselues sufficiently of wheate for their owne tables whylest their houshold and poore neighbours are inforced to content themselues with Rye or Barley yea in tyme of dearth with breade made eyther of beanes peason or Otes or of al togither of which scourge the poorest do soonest tast sith they are least able to prouide themselues of better I will not say that this extremitie is oft so well to be séen in tyme of plentie as of dearth but if I should I could easily bring my trial for albeit that there be much more grounde eared nowe almost in euerye place then hath béene of late yeares yet such a price of corne continueth in eache towne and markete wythout any iust cause that the artificer and poore laboring man is not able to reach vnto it but is driuen to coÌ„tent hymselfe with horsecorne I meane beanes peason otes tares and lintelles and therefore it is a true prouerbe and neuer so well verified as now A famine at hand is first séene in y e horse maunger when the poore doe fall to horsecorne that hunger setteth his first foote into the horse manger If the world last a while after this rate wheate and rye will be no graine for poore men to féede on some catterpillers there are that can saye so much already Of breade made of wheat we haue sundry sortes daily brought to the table wherof the first and most excellent is the manchet which we commonlye call white breade in latin primarius panis Primarius panis whereof Budeus also speaketh in his first booke de asse The second is the cheate or wheaton bread so named because the colour thereof resembleth the graie wheat and out of this is the coursest of the brennes vsually called gurgeons or pollarde taken The raueled is a kinde of chete breade also but it reteyneth more of the grosse and lesse of the pure substance of the wheate and this beyng more sleightly wrought vp is vsed in the houses of the nobilitie and gentry onely whereas the other is baked in cities and good townes of an appointed size according to such price as the corne doth beare by a statute prouided in that behalfe The size of breade is very ill kept or not at all looked vnto in the couÌ„trey townes markets Panis Cibarius The next sort is named browne breade of the colour of which we haue twoo sortes one baked vp as it commeth from the mille so that neyther the brennes nor the floure are any whit diminished thys Celsus called Autopirus panis lib. 2. and putteth it in the seconde place of nourishment The other hath little or no floure left therein at al howbeit he calleth it panem Cibarium and it is not onely the woorst and weakest of all the other sortes but also appointed in olde tyme for seruants and the inferiour kinde of people Hereunto likewise because it is dry and brickle in the working for it will hardely be made vp handsomely into loues some adde a portion of rye meale wherby the rough drynesse or drie roughnesse thereof is somewhat quallified and then it is named misselen that is bread made of mingled corne albeit that dyuers doe mingle wheate and rye of purpose at the mille sell the same at the markettes vnder the aforesayde name In champeigne countryes much rye and barly breade it eaten Sspanâ—… but especiallye where wheate is scant and geson As for the difference that is betwéene the summer winter wheate most husbandmen knowe it not sith they are neyther acquainted with summer wheat nor winter barley yet here and there I finde of both sortes but in so small quantities as that I dare not pronounce them to be any thing common among vs. Our drinke whose force and continuance is partly touched already is made of barley Drâ—…nâ—… water and hoppes sodden and mingled togither by the industry of our bruers in a certaine exact proportion But before our barley doe come vnto their handes it sustaineth great alteration and is conuerted into mault y e making wherof Mâ—… I wil her set down in such order as my skill therein may extend vnto for I am scarse a good maultster chiefly for that forreine writers haue atteÌ„pted to describe the same the making of our béere wherein they haue shot so farre wyde as the quantity of ground was betwéene theÌ„selues and their marke In the meane tyme beare with me gentle reader I beséech thée that leade thee from the description of the plentyfull dyet of our countrey vnto the fonde reporte of a seruyle trade or rather from a table delicately furnished into a mustye mault house but such is now thy hap wherefore I praye thée be contented Our Mault is made of the best Barley Maâ—â— of 〈◊〉 which is stéeped in a cysterne in greater or lesse quantitye by the space of thrée dayes and thrée nyghtes vntyll it be thorowelye soked This beyng done the water is drayned from it by lyttle and lyttle tyll it bée quite gone Afterwarde they take it out and laying it vpon the cleane floure on a rounde heape it resteth so vntill it be ready to shoote at the roote ende which maltsters call comming When it beginneth therefore to shoote in thys maner they saye it is come and then foorthwith they spreade it abroade first thick and afterwarde thinner and thinner vppon the sayde flower as it commeth and there it lyeth with turning euery daye foure or fiue times by the space of one and twenty daies at the least the workeman not suffring it in any wise to take any heate whereby the bud ende shoulde spire that bringeth foorth the blade and by which out â—â—ght â—…he maulte woulde be spoylâ—…d and to it s â—…o small comoditie When it hath gone or 〈◊〉 turned so long vpon the floure they carye it to a hyll couered wyth heire cloth where they gyue it gentle heates after they haue sprede it there very thinne abroad till it be drye and in the meane while they turne it oâ—…ten that it may be vniformly dried For the more it be dryed the better the mault is and the longer it will continue whereas if it be not dryed downe as they call it but slackely handled it wyll bréed a kind of worme called a wiuel which groweth in the flowre of the corne and in processe of time will so eate out it selfe that nothing shal remaine of the graine but euen the rinde
about the 14. yeare of his raigne He builded also in Albania now called Scotland the Castel of Maydens afterward called Edenburgh of Aidan one of their kings The Citie of Alclud was builded likewise by hym as some write now decayed After which cities thus builded he sayled ouer into Gallia now called FraÌ„ce with a great army and subduing the Guilles as is aforesayde he returned home with great riches and triumph Fortie yeeres hath Math. West and Gal. Monume And when he had guided the lande of Britayne in noble wise by the tearme of fortie yeares he died and was buried at Yorke Brute Greeneshielde the .6 Ruler BRute Greeneshielde the sonne of Ebrank Brute Greneshielde was made gouernor of this lande in the yeere of y e world .3009 Asa raigning in Iuda and Baasa in Israell Thys Prince bare alwayes in the field a greene shielde whereof he toke hys surname Iacobus Lef and of him some forraine authors affirme y t he made an attempte to bring the whole Realme of Fraunce vnder his subiection which he performed bycause his father susteined some dishonor and losse in his last voyage into that countrey Howbeit they say y t wheÌ„ he came into Henand Strabo lib. 4. Brinchild a Prince of y e quarter gaue him also a greate ouerthrowe and compelled him to retire home agayne into hys countrey This I borrow out of William Harrison who in his chronologie toucheth the same at large concluding in the end that the said passage of this Prince into France is very likely to be true and that he named a percell of Armorica lying on the South and in manner vpon the very loyne after his owne name and also a Citie which he builded there Britayne For sayth he it should seeme by Strabo lib. 4. that there was a noble Citie of that name long before his time in the sayde countrey whereof Plinie also speaketh lib. 4. cap. 7. albeit that he ascribe it vnto France after a disordred maner More I finde not of this aforesaid Brute sauing that he ruled the lande a certaine time his father yet liuing and after hys decesse the tearme of twelue yeeres and then dyed and was buried at Caerbranke nowe called Yorke Leill the seuenth Ruler LEil the son of Brute Greeneshielde Leil began to raigne in the yeere of the world .3021 the same time that Asa was raigning in Iuda and Ambri in Israel He built the Citie nowe called Carlile Careleâ—â— ded which then after hys owne name was called Caerleil that is Leil his Citie or the Citie of Leil He repayred also as Henry Bradshawe hathe the Citie of Caerleon now called Chester Chester â—â—payred which as by the same Bradshaw it appeareth was built before Brutus entring into this lande by a Giaunte named Leon Gauer But what authoritie he hadde to auouche this it may be doubted for Ranulfe HigdeÌ„ in his worke entituled Policronicon saith in playne wordes that it is vnknowen who was the firste founder of Chester but that it toke the name of y e soiourning there of some Romayne Legions by whom also it is not vnlike that it might be firste built by P. Ostorius Scapula who as we find after he had subdued Caratacus king of y e Ordouices y t inhabited y e countreys now called Lancashire Chesshire Salupshire built in those partes among y e Silures certain places of defence for the better herbourgh of his men of warre keeping down of suche Britaynes as were still ready to moue rebellioÌ„ But now to y e purpose concerning K. Leil We find it recorded y t he was in y e beginning of his raigne very vpright desirous to see iustice executed aboue all things loued peace quietnesse but as yeres encreased with him so his vertues began to diminish in so much that abaÌ„doning y e care for the body of y e common welth he suffered his own body to welter in all vice and voluptuousnesse so procuring the hatred of hys subiectes caused malice and discorde to ryse amoÌ„gst them which during his life he was neuer able to appease But leauing them so at variaÌ„ce departed this life and was buried at Careleil which as ye haue heard he had builded whyle hee liued Lud Hurdibras the eight Ruler RVd or Ludhurdibras the sonne of Leil began to gouerne in the yeare of the world .3046 Rud 〈◊〉 Ludâ—â—â—â—dibraâ—… In the beginning of his raigne hee soughte to appease the debate that was reysed in hys fathers dayes and bring the Realme to hir former quietnesse and after that hee hadde brought it to good ende â—â—rkin or â—…terbury â—…uilded â—â—â—rguent is â—â—â—lded â—â—dour is â—â—â—lded he builded the towne of Kaerkyn now called Canterbury also the towne of Caerguent nowe â—…leped Winchester Mont Paladour now called Shaftesbury About the building of which towne of Shaftesbury Aquila a Prophet of the Brittish nation wrote his prophecies of which some fragments remayne yet to be seene translated into the Latine by some auntient writers When this Lud had raigned .xxix. yeeres he dyed and lefte a sonne behinde him named Baldud Baldud the .9 Ruler Bladud â—…r Balâ—…ud BAldud the sonne of Lud Hudibras begaÌ„ to rule ouer the Britaynes in the yere of the world .3085 â—…al Mon. â—…he King was â—â—med This man was well seene in y e sciences of Astronomy and Nigromancy by which as the common reporte saith he made the whote bathes in the Citie of Caerbran now called Bath â—â—ote bathes But William of Malmesbery is of a contrary opinion affirming that Iulius Cesar made those bathes or rather repayred them when he was here in Englande which is not like to be true for Iulius Cesar as by good coniecture we haue to thinke neuer came so farre within the land that way forthe Both of these bathes more shall be sayd in the description But to proceede â—…a VVest This Baldud tooke suche pleasure in artificiall practises and magike that he taught this arte throughout all his Realme And to shew his cunning in other poynts vppon a presumptuous pleasure which he had therein he tooke vpon him to flie in the ayre but he fell vpon the temple of Apollo The prince did â—â—ye which stoode in the Citie of Troynouant and there was torne in peeces after he had ruled the Britaynes by the space of .xx. yeeres Leir the .10 Ruler This Leir was a Prince of righte noble demeanor gouerning his land and subiects in great wealth Mat. VVest Leycester is builded Hee made the towne of Caerleir nowe called Leicester which standeth vpon y e Riuer of Sore It is writteÌ„ that he had by his wife three daughters without other issue whose names were Gonorilla Râ—…gan and Câ—…rdilla whiche daughters he greatly loued but specially the yongest Cordeilla farre aboue the two elder Gal. Moâ—… When this 〈◊〉 therefore was come to great yeeres and beganne to 〈…〉 through age he thought to
continuall desyre to enioy the same insomuch that shortly after he forsooke his owne wife by the which he had three sonnes Polidor Fabian named Vortimerus Catagrinus and Pascentius and requyred of Hengist to haue his daughter the sayde Rowen or Ronowen in mariage Hengist at the firste seemed straunge to graunt to his request and excused the matter VVil. Malm. for that his daughter was not of estate and dignitie meete to be matched with his maiestie But at length as it had beene halfe agaynst his will hee consented and so the mariage was concluded and solemnized all Kent beeing assigned vnto Hengist in rewarde the whiche Countrey was before that tyme gouerned by one Guorongus though not with most equal iustice which Guorongus was subiect vnto Vortigerne as all other the Potentates of the I le were This maryage and liberalitie of the King towardes the Straungers muche defended the myndes of his subiectes and hastened the finall destruction of the lande For the Saxons nowe vnderstanding the affynitie had betwixte the King and Hengist came so fast ouer to inhabite here that it was wonder to consider in howe shorte a tyme suche a multitude coulde come togyther so that bycause of theyr greate number and approued puissaunce in warres they began to be a terrour to the former inhabitants the Brytaynes VVil. Malm. But Hengist beeing no lesse politike in counsaile than valiaunt in armes abusing the kings lacke of discretion to serue his owne turne perswaded him to call out of Germanie his brother Occa and his sonne named Ebusa Gal. sayth he was Hengists sonne and Ebusa his vncles sonne Occa and Ebusa leaders of Saxons beeing men of great valure to the ende that as Hengist defended the lande in the South parte so mighte they keepe backe the Scottes in the North. Herevpon by the Kings consent they came with a power out of Germanie and coasting aboute the lande they sayled to the Iles of Orkney and sore vexed the people there and likewyse the Scottes and Pictes also and finally arriued in the North partes of the Realme nowe called Northumberlande where they setled themselues at that present and so continued there euer after but none of them taking vppon him the tytle of King VVil. Malm. de Regib till about .99 yeares after theyr first comming into that Countrey but in the meane time remayning as subiects vnto the Saxon kings of Kent After theyr arryuall in that Prouince they oftentymes fought with the olde Inhabitaunts there and ouercame them chasing away such as made resistance and appeased the residue by receyuing them vnder allegiance When the Nobles of Brytayne saw and perceyued in what daunger the lande stoode Fabian The great nuÌ„bers of straungers suspected to the Brytaynes by the dayly repayre of the huge number of Saxons into the same they first consulted togither and after resorting to the King 〈…〉 mooued him that some order might be taken for the auoyding of them on the more part of them leaste they shoulde with their power and great multitude vtterly oppresse the British Nation But all was in vayne for Vortigerne so esteemed and highly fauoured the Saxons and namely by reason of the great loâ—…e which he bare to his wife that hee lyttle regarded his owne Nation no nor yet anye thing esteemed hys owne naturall kinnesmen and 〈◊〉 friendes 〈◊〉 depriued by reason wherof the Brytains in 〈◊〉 depriued him of all kingly honor after that he had raigned .xvj. yeares and in his stead crowned his sonne Vortimer Gildas and Beda make no mention of Vortimer Gilda Beda H. 〈◊〉 but declare howe after that the â—…ons were receyued into thys lande there was a couenaunt made betwixte them and the Brytaynes that the Saxons shoulde defende the Countrey from the inuasion of enimyes by theyr Knightly force and that in consideration thereof the Brytaynes should finde theâ—… prouision of vyâ—…ayles wherewith they helde their contented for a time But afterwardes they beganne to pyke quarelles as thoughe they were not sufficiently furnished of their due proportion of vytayles threatning that if they were not prouided more largely thereof they would surely spoyle the Countrey Many of the Brytaynes seeing the demeanour of the Saxons fledde to the Mountaynes of the whiche dyuerse beeing apprehended were cruelly slaine and other were glad to come forth and yeelde themselues to eternall bondage for to haue reliefe of meate and drinke to asswage theyr extremitie of hunger Some other got them out of the realme into straunge landes so to saue themselues and others abyding still in theyr Countrey kept them within the thicke Wooddes and craggie Rockes whether they were fledde lyuing there a poore wretched lyfe in great feare and vnquietnesse of mynde But after that the Saxons were departed and withdrawne to theyr houses the Brytaynes began to take courage to theÌ„ againe issuing forth of those places where they had lyen hid and with one consent calling for ayde at Gods hande that they might bee preserued from vtter destruction they beganne vnder the conduct of theyr leader Aurelius Ambrose to prouoke the Saxons to battaile and by the helpe of God they obteyned the victorie according to theyr owne desyres And from thence forth one while the Brytaynes and an other while the Saxons were victors so that in this Brytish people God according to hys accustomed maner as it were present Israell tryed them from tyme to tyme whether they loued him or no vnto the yeare of the siege of Badon hill where afterwardes no small slaughter was made of the enimies whiche chaunced the same yeare in the whiche Gildas was borne as he himselfe witnesseth â—…o Gildas was â—…orne in the feare of our Lord .493 being aboute the .xliiij. yeare after the comming of the Saxons into Brytaine Thus hath Gildas and also Beda following by likelyhoode the authoritie of the same Gildas written of these first warres begonne betwene the Saxons and Brytains But nowe to goe foorth with the Hystorie according to the order of oure Chronicles thus wee finde recorded touching the doings of Vortimer that was elected King as yee haue hearde to gouerne in place of his father Vortigerne Vortimer H. Hunt Colemoore The fourth battaile was stryken neare to a Moore called Colemoore the whiche was sore fought by the Saxons and long continued with great daunger to the Brytayns bycause that the foresayde Moore enclosed a part of their host so strongly that the Brytaynes could not approch to them being beaten off with the enimies shot albeit in the ende the Saxons were put to flight and many of them drowned and swalowed vp in the same Moore Beside these foure principall battailes Vortimer had diuerse other conflictes with the Saxons Fabian Tetfort in Nâ—…rffolke Colchester as in Kent and at Tetford in Norffolk also neare to Colchester in Essex for he left not till he had bereft them the more part of all such possessions as before time they had got so
After this about the .xxj. yeare of his raigne Anno. 708 as is noted by Mat. VVest king Inas and his cosin Nun fought with â—…erent king of the Brytaynes In the beginning of the battaile one Higelbald a noble man of the West Saxons part was slaine H. Hunt but in the ende Gerent with his Brytains was chased In the .xxvi. yeare of his raigne Mat. VVest hath 718. the same Inas fought a mightie battaile against Cheolred King of Mercia at Wâ—â—enesburie with doubtfull victorie for it could not well be iudged whether part susteyned greater losse In the .xxxvi. yeare of his raigne king Inas inuaded the South Saxons with a mightie armie and 〈◊〉 in battaile Ealdbright or 〈◊〉 king of the South Saxons ioyned that kingdome vnto the kingdome of the West Saxons Mat. VVest hath 722. so that from thence forth the kingdome of those South Saxons ceassed after they had raigned in that kingdome by the space of fiue kings successiuely that is to wit â—…lla Cissa Ethelwalke The end of 〈◊〉 kingdome of the South Saxoes Berutius and this last Aldhinius or Ealdbright Finally when Inas had raigned .xxxvij. yeares and .x. or .xj. odde Monethes hee renounced the rule of his kingdome togither with all worldly pompe and went vnto Rome as a poore pylgryme Inas went to Rome and there dyed and there ended his life But before this during the time of his raigne hee shewed himselfe verie deuout and zealous towardes the aduauncement of the Christian Religion He made and ordeyned also good and wholesome lawes for the amendment of maners in the people whiche are yet extant and to bee reâ—â—e written in the Saxon tongue and translated into the Latine in tymes past and nowe lately agayne by maister William Lambert and imprinted by Iohn Day in the yeare .1568 togither wyth the lawes and Statutes of other Kings before the Conquest as to the learned it may appeare Moreouer king Ine or Inas buylded the Church of Welles dedicating it vnto saint Andrew where afterwardes a Bishops Sea was placed which at length was translated vnto Salisburie Ethelburga He had to wife one Ethelburga a woman of noble lynage who had beene earnest in hande with him a long time to perswade him to forsake the worlde but shee could by no meanes bring hir purpose to passe VVil. Malm. till vppon a time the king and she had lodged at a Manor place in the Countrey where all prouision had beene made for the receyuing of them and theyr trayne in most sumptuous manner that might be as well in riche furniture of householde as also in costly viandes and all other things needefull or that might serue for pleasure and when they were departed the Queene the foresayde Ethelburga caused the keeper of that house to remoue all the bedding The deuise of Queene Ethelburga to perswade hir husband to forsake the world hangings and other such things as had beene brought thither and ordeyned for the beautifull setting forth of the house and in place therof to bring ordure strawe and suche lyke fylth as well into the Chambers and Haâ—â— as into all the houses of office and that done to lay a Sowe wyth Pigges in the place where before the kings bed had stoode Herepon when she had knowledge that euerye thing was ordered according to hir appoyntment she perswaded the King to returne thyther agayne feyning occasions great and necessarieâ—… After he was returned to that house whiche before seemed to the eye a Palace of moste pleasure and nowe fynding it in suche a fylthie sâ—â—te as might lothe the stomacke of any man to beholde the same shee tooke occasion thereof to perswade him to the consideration of the 〈◊〉 pleasures of this worlde whiche in a moment turned to naught togyther with the corruption of the fleshe beeing a fylthie lumpe of Claye after it shoulde once be dyssolued by death and in fine where before shee had spente muche labour to moue hym to renounce the Worlde though all in vayne yet nowe the beholding of that chaunge in his pleasant Palayce wherein â—…o late hee had taken so greate delight wrought suche an alteration in hys mynde that hir wordes lastlye tooke effecte so that hee resigned the Kingdome to his cousin Ethelard and went himselfe to Rome as aboue iâ—… mentioned and his wife became a Nunne in the Abbey of Barking where she was made Abbesse and finally there ended hir lyfe This Inas was the fyrst that caused the money called Peter pens Peter pens to bee payde vnto the Bishop of Rome which was for euery houshold within his dominion a pennie In this meane time Edilred or Ethelred hauing gouerned the Kingdome of Mercia by the terme of .xxix. yeares King Ethelred becommeth a Monke became a Monke in the Abbey of Bardeny and after was made Abbot of that house Ostrida He had to wyfe one Ostryda the sister of Ecgfride King of Northumberlande by whome hee had a sonne named Ceolred But he appoynted Kenred the sonne of his Brother Vulfhere to succeed him in the kingdome Beda in Epit. The sayde Ostrida was cruelly slaine by the treason of hir husbandes subiectes about the yeare of our Lorde .697 697 King Kenreds The foresayde Kenred was a Prince of greate vertue deuoute towardes God a furtherer of the common wealth of his Countrey and passed hys lyfe in greate synceritye of maners In the fifth yeare of his raigne he renounced the worlde and went to Rome togither with Offa king of East Saxons where he was made a Monke â–ª and finally dyed there in the yeare of our Lord .711 711 Nauclerus By the ayde and furtherance of this Kenred a Monke of Saint Benetâ—… order cleped Egwin buylded the Abbay of Euâ—…shame Egwin Bishop of Worcester Afterwardes the same Egwine was made Bishoppe of Worcester Wee finde it recorded by wryters that this Egwine had warning giuen to him by visions as hee constantly affyrmed before Pope Constantine to set vp an Image of our Laâ—â—eâ—… in his Churche Herevppon the Pope approuing the testifications of this Byshoppe by hys Bulles wrytte to Bryghtwalde the Archebyshoppe of Canterburie to assemble a Synode and by authoritie thereof to establishe the vse of Images charging the kings of this lande to bee present at the same Synode vpon paine of excommunication This Sinode was holden about the yeare of our Lorde .712 in the dayes of Inas King of West Saxons Bale 710. and of Ceolred king of Mercia successor to the foresayde Kenred After Kenred succeeded Ceolredus the sonne of his vncle Edilred and died in the .viij. yeare of his raigne Harison hath three onely Henric. HuÌ„t and was buried at Lichfielde Then succeeded Ethelbaldus that was discended of Eopa the brother of king Penda as the fourth from hym by lineall succession Thys man gouerned a long time without any notable trouble some warres he had and sped diuersly In the
yeares in like sorte a ship named the Cristopher after she had lien three yeares at 〈◊〉 in one of these yles was brought to Leith where bycause hir timber was found to be rotten shee was taken in sunder and in hir keelâ—… were found infinite holes as if they had bene eaten with wormes or bored with a wimble and eche one of them filled with such creatures as I haue sayde before Here if any man will alledge that the Christopher was buylded of such timber onely as grew in these Iles and that all rootes trees there growing are of such nature as in their corruptioÌ„ do turne into these foules I will disproue his assertion by one notable example shewed before mine eyes Master Alexander Galloway parson of Kinkell was with vs in these Iles and giuing his minde with attentiue diligence to searche out a full resolution with vs of these obscure and hidden matters it hapned on a tyme that he tooke vp a braunche of Alga called in Scottishe Seatangle whiche hanged ful of muskle shelles from the roote euen to the very toâ—… Being also desirous to see what was in them he grewe to be more astonished than before for when he had opened one or two of them he saw no fish but a foule perfitely shaped fully answering to the capacitie of the shell Finally knowing that I was very inquisitiue of these and the like rare nouelties he came hastily with the sayde hearbe and shewed it vnto me who founde no lesse by experience â—â—an I before reported By these and many other reasons and examples I cannot beleeue that these Claikes or Barnacles as I call them are producted eyther by the qualities of the trees or the rootes thereof but only by the nature of the sea whiche is the cause and productâ—â— of so many wonderfull creatures Furthermore bycause the rude and ignoraunt people saw oftentimes the fruytes that fell from trees which stoode neuer in the sea conuerted within shorte time into geese they beleeued that these geese grewe vpon trees hangyng by their nebbes as apples and other fruyte do by their stalkes but their opinion is vtterly to be reiected For so soone as these apples or fruyte fall from the tree into the Sea they grow first to be worme eaten and in processe of time to be conuerted into geese Thus haue I spoken sufficiently of the Iles of the Hebrides adiacent vnto the realme of Scotland and therewith all would shut vp my discourse of the same were it not that I haue somwhat to say also of Thule not vnknowen vnto the Romaynes as may appeare by Tacitus who telleth how the Romaine nauy by the coÌ„maundement of Agricola was sent to dewe the coastes of the whole Iland of Brytaine and in their returne reported how they had seene the Thule with other Ilandes lying aboute the same Ptholomy writeth that the I le of Thule is one of the Shetland Iles whiche lie neare vnto Norway and beyond the Orchades but this cannot be proued so by late experience for Thule is many miles distant from Shetland Some say that Thule is the same whiche wee call Island other write that it is the last I le of the Ocean sea and so is Island which lieth in the colde frosty sea beyond the Artike circle toward the North pole The people of Islande bycause no corne groweth among them lyue onely by fishe whiche they drie and powder so small as meale doth come backe from the mill afterward they mixe it with water and worke it vp for bread Of the description of Orkenay and Shetland with sundry other smal Iles and of the maners and conditions of the people dwelling in the same Chap. 12. BEyond the Iles of Scotlond lie those of Orkenay partly toward the Northwest and partly toward the Aâ—â—ancâ—… seas The principall I le of these is called Pombâ—â— wherein is a Bishops seâ—… and two strong castels In their groweth no wheate they are in like sorte voyde of wood howbeit al other graine groweth there very plentifully they be without all veneâ—â—ous beasts also neither can such as are brought thither liue any while more than in IrelaÌ„d which susteyneth no creature that is adueÌ„rsarie to miskinde ouer and beside this there are no froggâ—… as for Erls they are seldome found to be seene in the Orchades Hauing thus fallen into the mentioÌ„ of Ireland I thinke it good among â—â—uers other rare gifts of nature to remember one thing that I haue proued by experience to be done there although the tractation of Ireland hir commodities appertaine not to this place whiche farre passeth all that euer I haue 〈◊〉 in bookes Certes there is a Loch linne or 〈◊〉 there neare vnto the whiche by many miles there groweth neyther hearbe nor tree howbeith such is the qualitie of this water that if a 〈◊〉 be pitched in the same the nature thereof 〈◊〉 within one yeeres space alter and change accordingly for that parte thereof which 〈…〉 the grounde is conuerted into harde 〈◊〉 the same that is enuironed with water turneth 〈◊〉 tough yron onely that portion whiche is 〈◊〉 the sayd Element retaining hir formes woddy substaunce whereby it is often seene 〈◊〉 in out and the same body three distinct substance 〈◊〉 found that is to say stone yron wood which farre exceedeth all credite But to returne againe to our Orchades whereof things of 〈◊〉 or no lesse importaunce are to be rehearseâ—… 〈◊〉 sith there is great abundance of Barley wherof they make the strongest Ale that is to be founde in Albion and thereto knowen that they are the greatest drynkers of any men in the worlde yet was there neuer dronken or man disguised with drinke seene there neyther any foole 〈◊〉 person otherwise berefte of his wittes thorow phrenesie or madnesse There is herevnto small vse of Phisickâ—…e for mankinde liueth there most commonly vnto extreme age in found perfite health whose bodies also are of strong constitution very white of colour The Ewes that are to be found in these Ilandes haue for y e most part two or three LaÌ„s a peece at euery â—…eâ—…ing and therewithall they haue in this countrey suche plenty of foules bothe wilde and tame as the lyke number agayne is not to be founde in Brytaine Theyr horses are litle greater than the French Asses but in their labour they exceede all other what shoulde I speake of the plenty of fishe there to be had which passeth al credite among whiche there is one sorte greater than any horse of marueylous and incredible sluggye desire to sleepe This fiâ—â— when the prouideth to sleepe fastneth hyr huge teeth vpon some cragge that lieth aboue the water then slumbreth or falleth into a moste â—…ounde reste whiche the seafaring men espyiâ—…g they foorthwith cast ancre and then letting downe theyr shippe boates they conueigh themselues to the fishe and bore a greate hole thorow hir tayle whereinto they put one ende of a cable and so make it sure
the Romains who had so vilely vsed hyr and hyr doughters to the greate dishonour of hyr and all hyr linage and nowe was the time to be reuenged of such iniuries the whole nation of the Brytains through the couetous dealing of the procuratour Catus being risen in armes to recouer theyr ancient liberties Corbreide being highly displeased towardes the Romains for y e euil intreating of his Sister determined either to see hyr satisfied by woorthie recompence or els to be reuenged on them that had misused hyr And hereof gaue signification vnto Catus the procuratour that was as then returned into Brytaine with a power of men of warre Corbreide receyuing but a scorneful answere from him found meanes to ioyne in league 〈◊〉 Charanat king of the Pictes Charanat king of the Pictes and gathering togither a mightie armie of one and other 〈◊〉 the Romains and their associates slaying down a wonderfull number of them He also brethâ—â— and destroyed diuers townes suche as in keeping their allegiance to the Romains The Romainâ—… slaine stoode earnestly to their defence as Barwike Carlile with other Aboute the same season there arriued in the Frithe a number of Dutche ships Dutchmen arriue in Scotland fraught with people of Merherne or Morouia a regio in Germanie situate betwixt Boheme and Hungarie They were driuen out of theyr owne countrey by the Romains and assembling togither vnder a famous captaine named Roderike came down to the mouth of y e Rhine where making shift for vessels they tooke the seas to seke them some new habitations and thus arriuing in Picte lande were ioyfully receyued of the Pictes and Scots for that they were reputed right valiant men glad to reuenge theyr owne iniuries against the Romains Namely with the Pictes they were much esteemed for that they came foorth of the same countrey from whence theyr auncetours were discended Merhernes were men of goodly stature Theyr huge bodies and mightie limmes did greatly commend them in the sight of all men before whom they mustered so that comming to the place where the kings of Scottes and Pictes were encaÌ„ped with their people ready to marche foorth towardes the enimies they were highly welcomed and vpon theyr offer receyued into companie and appoynted to goe foorth in that iourney in ayde of Queene Voada against the Romains Women come with the queene in armor With this Voada was assembled a mightie hoste of the Brytains amongst whome were a v. M. women wholy bent to reuenge the villanies done to theyr persons by the Romains or to die in the payne And for this purpose were they come well appointed with armor and weapon to be the first that should giue the onset Voada hearing of hyr brothers approch with the king of Pictes and their armies met them on the way accompanied with a greate number of the Nobles of Brytaine and brought them to hyr campe with great ioy and triumphe After taking aduise how to behaue themselues in theyr enterprise they thought it good to make haste to fight with the Procuratour Catus ere any new power of men of warre might come to his ayde foorth of Gallia nowe called Fraunce Wherevpon marchyng towardes him they met togither in the fielde The Romaines are put to flight and ouerthroweâ—… where betwixte them whâ—…rs striken a right fierce and cruel battayle but in the ende the horsemen of the Romains parte beyng first put to flight the footemeÌ„ were beaten downe on eache side Catus was wounded Catus himselfe beyng wounded escaped very hardly by flight and shortly after got him ouer into Fraunce The Scottes and Picts with other the Brytaines hauing atchieued this victory pursued their enimies froÌ„ place to place so that there died by the swoord 70000. Romains slaine and 〈◊〉 Brytâ—â— what in the batayle and els where in the chase a .lxx. M. Romains other straungers which serued amongst them and of Scots Pictes and other Brytaynes were slaine .xxx. thousande The Gouernour Suetonius being then in Gallia hearing of this ouerthrow and in what daunger things stoode in Brytayne by reason of the same came ouer with two Legions of souldiours and .x. thousande of other Brygants as ayders to those Legions The eldest of them within a fewe monethes after was maryed vnto a noble Romaine named Marius Marius was made king who had defloured hir before time He was also created king of Britaine by the Emperours authoritie that thereby the state of the Countrey might bee reduced vnto a better quiet He vsed to lie most an ende in the partyes of Kendale and named a part thereof where he passed the moste parte of his tyme altogither in hunting Westmerlande Westmerland after his owne name though afterwardes when the Romaines were expulsed a portion of the same adioyning nexte to the Scottes was called Cumberlande Hâ—…frey Lluyd doubteth of this historie of the Morauians Murray lande The Morauians which escaped from the discomfiture had that portion of Scotlande assigned forth vnto them to inhabite in that lyeth betwixt the Riuers of Torne and Spey called euen vnto this day Mourrey lande Corbreyd being thus ouerthrowne and hauing his power greatly infeebled thereby passed the residue of his life in quietnesse For the Romaines being troubled with ciuill warres medled neither with the Scottes nor Pictes but only studied to keepe the south partes of Brytayne in due obedience Finally Corbreyd departed this worlde Corbreid dead after he had raigned a .xxxiiij. yeares and was buried amongst his elders neare vnto Dunstafage Anno Christi 71. H B. with many obeliskes set vp about him The Nobles and Commons of the Realme chose him to their king onely for the good opinion they had conceyued of him in his predecessours dayes by whome he was had in great eâ—…timation and had atchieued vnder him manye worthie enterprises so that he was thought most meetest for the roome considering the sonnes of Corbreyd were not as yet come to ripe yeares to enioy the same Corbreyd his three sonnes For the sayd Corbreyd had three sonnes in all Corbreyd Tulcane and Breeke The eldest had beene brought vp with Voada Queene of the Brytains whereby he had learned the maners vsages of the Bryttish natioÌ„ and therevpon was surnamed Galde for so the Scottish men vse euen vnto this day to name any of theyr owne countrey men that hath learned the courtesie and manners of straunge countreys But to returne to Dardane in the beginning of his raigne he gouerned the estate by good indifferent iustice but after he had coÌ„tinued therin by the space of two yeares Dardane falleth into all kind of vices he began to fall into all kinde of vices remouing from offices such as were vpright bearers of themselues in the some and aduancing to their places brybers and extorcioners The nobles he had in suspect fauouring onely suche as through flatterie were by him preferred And where he was drowned beyond all the termes of
afterwardes when one Heraclianus was sent with an army by Honorius into Brytayne agaynst this Victorine Heraclianus is sent agaynst Victorine the most part of the souldiers with those Brytaynes which had acknowledged him for their supreme gouernour beganne to feare the sequele of the matter and afterward requiring pardon for their offences they tooke Victorine Victorine is deliuered into the hande of Heraclianus and deliuered him prisoner vnto the same Heraclianus with dyuerse other of hys confederates and so by this meanes was the estate of Brytayne recouered vnto the behoofe of Honorius Heraclianus is sent into Affricke who shortly after sent for Heraclianus mynding to sende him into Affrike against one Athalus who vsurped there against the Romaine Empyre In the meane time Placidus not onely mooned wyth this ouerthrowe but also waying wyth himselfe after what sorte the Romaine Empyre was afflicted with inuasion of the barbarous Nations in Germanie Fraunce Spaine Italie and Affrike thought it good to conclude some peace with the Scots and Pictes Placidus seeketh to haue peace for doubt of further mishappes that might ensue And so by suche meanes as he made shortly after a league was concluded betwixte the Scottes Pictes and Romaines wyth these conditions A league concluded betwixt Scottes Pictes and Romains that the Scottes and Pictes shoulde enioy and keepe theyr auncient seates and Regions whiche they had nowe recouered and hereafter not to make anye rodes or forrayes into the Prouince belonging to the Romaines and that the same Romaines contenting themselues with the Brytishe confines shoulde not moue any warre or hostilitie towards the Scots or Pictes This league being thus concluded and ratefied the Scottishe men and Pictes endeuoured themselues to reduce the state of theyr common wealth into the auncient fourme and order Ferguse made partition of landes and groundes throughout all his kingdome Ferguse deuideth the lande in partes and assigned the same forth vnto his subiectes the Scottishmen and to such other straungers as were come into Albion to serue him in the warres agaynst hys enimies and were mynded now to remain there The other that were desirous to depart agayne into theyr Countreys he gaue them honourable rewards with safeconduits to passe their wayes at their owne pleasures At this time also were the names of diuerse Countreys and people chaunged in the parties of Scotlande vpon sundrie considerations The names of diuerse places in Scotlande chaunged as Cornana a part of Scotlande lying in the furthest ende of all the Countrey Cathnesse whereof it is so named tooke a newe name of one Cathus a valiant Captaine and of the promontorie there shooting forth into the sea called Nesse so that beeing compounde togither that countrey was cleped Cathnesse Also of certaine Irishe men called Rossians Rosse the countrey of Rosse tooke that name beeing afore named Lugia That part of the Countrey aunciently called Thezalia which lyeth on the Sea coast Buthquhane beganne to be called Buthquhane of the trybute vsed to be payed there for sheepe The signification of the name of Buthquhane of the which kind of Cattell there is greate store in that Prouince For Quhane in the olde Scottishe tongue signifyed trybute and Buth a flocke of sheepe The other parte of Thezalia lying into the landewarde was called Bogdale Bogdale of the Ryuer named Bog which runneth through the middes of it Louchquhaber tooke the name of a greate meare or water into the whiche the Ryuer of Quhabre falleth and passeth through the same Louchquhaber notable by reason of the great plentie of Salmōs taken therein Athole Murray lande Some other Countreys there be which keepe theyr auncient names euen vnto this day as Athole and Murrey lande And some names remaine a little chaunged by length of time Argyle for Argathile and Mar for Marthea as Argyle for Argathile Mar for Marthea and such like Ferguse also repayred suche Temples and Churches as the warres had defaced Ferguse repayreth churches and prouideth liuings for religious persons and restored again Churchmen vnto their former liuings and further encreased the same where hee sawe cause and builded certaine Celles and Chappels for religious persons to inhabit in assigning vnto them large reuenues for their finding The first foundation of the Abbay within the I le of Iona now Colmkil He also layde the foundation of that famous Abbay within the I le of Iona now Colmkill appoynting the same for the burial of kings with certaine ordinaunces and customes to be vsed about the same Moreouer in the time of peace hee was not negligent in prouiding for the defence of his realme Ferguse repayreth his Castels Such Castels as were decayed and ouerthrowne by the enimies in the warre time he repayred and in those which stoode towardes the borders of the Brytish countreys he placed sundrie garrisons of such souldiers as wanted teades to gette theyr lyuing nowe in tyme of peace assigning them sufficient stypendes to lyue vpon In this meane tyme Honorius the Emperour being dead and the estate of the Romaine Empyre dayly falling into decay Placidus the Lieutenant of Britaine dieth it chaunced also that Placidus the Lieutenant of Brytaine departed out of this life by reason whereof the Scottish men and Pictes tooke occasion to renue the warres The Scots and Pictes renue the warre making as it were a clayme vnto the Countreys of Westmerlande and Cumberlande which theyr elders in tymes past had held and possessed Entering therefore into those Countreys they take The crueltie of the Scottes and Pictes spoyle and destroy all such of the Brytish nation as went about to destroy them Neither spared they impotēt age or other but shewed great crueltie agaynst all suche as came in theyr wayes Many an honest woman they reuished and misused after a most villaynous maner The Romaine souldiers after the deceasse of Placidus Castius ordeyned Lieutenāt of Brytayne ordeyned one Castius to succeede in his roomth who beeing aduertised of thys enterpryse of the Scottishe men and Pictes doubted least as the trouth was that Dionethus the sonne of Octauius sometyme King of the Brytaynes Dionethus or Dionotus as some bookes haue in hope to attayne the Crowne of Brytayne as due to him by inheritance would nowe seeke to ayde the Scottishe king Ferguse whose sister he had in mariage Castius therfore more desirous of peace than of warres Castius sendeth vnto Ferguse sent forth a messenger at Armes vnto king Ferguse requiring him to remember the league made betwixt him and the Romaines and to withdrawe hys power forth of the prouinces which were subiect vnto the same Romans without proceeding any further in that vnlawfull attempt either else hee should be sure to feele the puissant force of those people readie bent agaynst him by whom his elders had beene dryuen out of theyr Countreys and banished quite forth of al their dwellings and
Aurelius eueÌ„ sicke as he was caused himself to be â—…aryed forth in a litter with whose presence his people were so encouraged that encountering with the Saxons they wanne the victorie although with such losse on theâ—… side that Aurelius was glad to take truce for the space of foure monethes and therewith breaking vp his campe went vnto Wynchester and sent Ambassadors vnto the Scottish and Pictish kings for ayde agaynst the time when the truce should expyre which was grauÌ„ted and so hee prouided for all things readie for the warres agaynst the appoynted time of theyr assemble Occa also sent his brother Pascentius into Germanie for more ayd but as some write heâ—… was driuen by contrarie windes into Irelande and getting a greate power of men togyther there he came backe to his brother with the same But whether he had those men out of Ireland or Germanie sure it is that the power of the Saxons was greatly encreased therewith In the meane time died Aurelius Ambrose Aurelius Ambrose departeth this life who was poysoned by a mischieuous Monke a Saxon borne named Eopa or Copa as some bookes haue that tooke vpon him to be skilfull in phisick and a Monke by profession his death was sore lamented of the Brytaynes but contrarywise the Saxons reioyced greatly thereof so that immediatly after Occa with his power inuadeth the Brytons vsing greate crueltie in all places wheresoeuer he came In the meane time the Scottish and Pictish armies were come forwarde towardes Aurelius according to promise made vnto his Ambassadors but wheÌ„ his death was certainly knowne amongest them The Scottish armie returns home againe the Captaynes and leaders of both those armyes resolued to returne home againe and so they did for that they doubted in what state and order things shoulde stande amongst the Brytaynes now after the deceasse of their late king After the death of Aurelius Ambrose hys brother Vter was made king of Brytaine and falling in loue with the wife of Gothlois Duke of Cornwall hee did not onely force hir to lye with him but also to the ende hee might enioye hir the more freely he ceassed not to pursue hir husbande to ridde him out of the way whome at length he tooke within a Castle into the which he was fledde and foorthwyth caused him to bee executed â—…urmysing matter agaynst him for that he had forsaken one of his Captaines cleped Nathaliod in battaile agaynst the Saxons By the wife of this Gothlois Vter begat Arthure Vter had issue the greate Arthure and because he had no legitimate sonne he appoynted that Arthure shoulde succeede him in gouernment of the realme Herewith Loth the Pictish king was not a little moued disdeyning that Arthure beeing a bastarde and begot of another mans wife in adulterie shoulde be preferred before his sonnes the rightfull heyres of the Brytishe kingdome and therefore by Ambassadours he did what he could to disswade Vter from making any such ordinance But when he sawe that he coulde not remoue him from his opinion he thought best to content himselfe with silence till the time serued better for his purpose At length when the warres were agayne renued betwixt Vter and Occa the Saxon king Loth in reuenge of the iniurie done to him and his children ioyned himself with the Saxons and was with them at the battaile in which the Brytaynes got the victorie by the presence of Saint Germaine that holy Bishop of Auxer as the Scottish writers make mention Whiche battail as the same is set foorth by Hector Boetius bycause it toucheth the state of the Pictes we haue thought good here to expresse It was therefore about the feast of Easter when the armies came into the fielde the Saxons with the Picts on the one side and the Brytaynes on the other of whome no small number being eyther grown to be Idolaters through conuersation with the Saxons either else infected with the Heresie of the Pelagians euen there in campe S. Germain preacheth vnto the campe by hearing such godly Sermons as Saint Germain preached amongst them were conuerted to the true beliefe receyuing at the same tyme the Sacrament of the Lordes bodie togyther in companie with other of the faythfull Christians Finally when both parties were readie to giue battaile S. Germaine leadeth the forewarde Saint Germain tooke vpon him to haue the leading of the forewarde wherein he had all the Priestes and ecclesiasticall Ministers giuing commaundement Theâ—… crie was Alleluya that when he should crie Alleluya they should all answere him with one â—â—tier voyce Thus proceede they forth towardes the battaile Saint Germain beareth the kings staÌ„dard Saint Germain bearing the kings Standarde in the forefront and vpon the approche to the enimies he with the Priestes crying with a lowde voyce thrice togither Alleluya was answered by all the whole host vttering and crying the same crie so wholly togither that the verie sounde thereof caused such an eccho on eche syde by reason of the hollow mountaynes and cliâ—…es hard by them The Saxons miraculously discoâ—â—ed that the Saxons amazed at thys doubled noyse and doubting not onely another power of their enimies to be hiddeÌ„ priuily among the hilles which they sawe on eche side of them but also least the verie rockes and mountaynes would haue fallen downe vpon theyr heades togither with the frame of the Element readie as it seemed to them to breake in sunder they tooke them to their feete in suche dreadfull haste that their breath was not able to suffice halfe the desire they had to continue theyr course Many of them made such haste that running to the next ryuer in hope to passe the same were drowned therein To conclude all of them generally threw awaye both weapon and armure the more lightly to make away Thus through the pollicie of that blessed man Saint Germaine the victorie remayned wyth King Vter and his Brytaynes wythout any bloudshed Saint Bede making mention of this battayle Bede dissenteth from Hector Boetius his authour Veremond assigneth the tyme to be at the first comming of Saint Germain into this lande where Hector Boetius following Veremond supposeth it to be at the seconde time of his comming hither which was in the dayes of king Vter But at what time soeuer this victorie thus chaunced certaine it is the Brytaynes waxing prowde thereof nothing regarded the power of the Saxons nor tooke any heede for prouision of further defence The Brytayns giue themselues vnto all kindes of vice and abhominations but after that those holy Bishops Germain and Seuerus were returned into theyr Countrey they fell to all kyndes of gluttonie and excesse in following onely their sensual lusts and fleshly concupiscence which abuses the Bishops and other godly men lamenting The threatning of vengeance to succeede vicious liuing ceassed not most earnestly to reproue menacing destruction vnto the whole Countrey if the people leauing their wicked liuing and most heynous offences
dyuerse of the Nobles conspyred agaynste hym Alpine constrained by the nobles taketh vpon him to be crowned king forcing one Alpyne the sonne of Achaius to make claym◅ to the Crowne who perceyuing there was no remedie ▪ but eyther to follow their mindes or else to be murthered amongest them consented to goe with them into Argyle where they purposed to crowne him king sitting vpon the Chayre of Marble according to the maner Alpine vnwiling to receiue the crowne fied Howbeit at his comming into that cou◅rey he found meanes to conuey himself from amogst them least through his meanes the quiet state of his countrey should be brought into ◅rouble◅ and forthwith being escaped out of their handes with a few other that were priuy to his intention hee maketh all the hast he coulde till he came to the presence of Dongall Alpine was ioyfully receyued of Dongall who receyued him in most ioyfulwise promising that if it should be thought necessarie by the estates of the realme he woulde gladly resigne vnto him his whole crowne and dignitie desirous of nothing more than to see the aduauncement of the house of Achaius Suche sayth he were the merites of that famous prince towardes the preseruation of the Scottish common wealth that it were too much wickednesse to goe about to defraude his issue of the inheritance of the realme Alpine his excuse vnto Dongall Alpine giuing the king most hartie thankes besought him to continue in the administration drawing God and the worlde to witnesse that he minded nothing lesse than to be about to clayme the gouernment of the kingdome so long as hee liued For as touching his offence in that he had gathered an armie and ledde the same into Argyle it was not his fault but the conspiratours which had forced him thereto being determined to haue slaine him if he had not consented vnto theyr desires Within three dayes after Dongall maketh an army against the rebelles there came messengers from the rebelles to excuse themselues also and to put all the fault in Alpine but king Dongall giuing small credite to their forged wordes gathereth his power and maketh such speede towardes the place where he vnderstood the sayd rebels were assembled togither that he was vpon them ere they had any knowledge of his setting forwarde So that before they coulde make any shift to escape out of daunger which they went about to do they were apprehended and immediately condemned and put to death Which execution put other presumptuous persons in feare so that the state of the Realme remayned afterwards a great deale the more in quiet Eganus murthereth his brother Whilest things passed thus in Scotlande Eganus the seconde sonne of king Hungus the Pictish king found meanes to murther his brother Dorstolorgus to the ende he might raigne in his place and through support of some of the nobilitie he atteyned to his purpose And for that he woulde assure himselfe the more firmely in the estate he frankly bestowed his fathers treasure amongst his Lordes and chiefest peeres of hys realme and tooke to wife also Brenna the king of Mertia his daughter which his brother the forenamed Dorstolorgus had maried that thereby he might asswage the sayde king of Mertia his displeasure which otherwise he should happely haue conceyued for the death of his other sonne in law the same Dorstolorgus His feare was great on eche side and therefore had small affiance in any person Eganus liueth in feare doubting least one or other should seeke to reuenge his brothers death He durst neuer go any wayes forth abrode without a garde of men of warre aboute him whome he had wonne and made his fast friends by his passing great larges and dountifull liberalitie At length yet his wife in reuenge of hir former husbandes death founde meanes to strangle him as he lay one night fast a sleepe hauing drunke a little too muche in the euening before Eganus is strangled of his Queene and in this sort he came to his ende after he had raigned much what about the space of two yeares Thus both Eganus and Dorstolorgus being made away without leauing any issue behind them for somuch as now there remayned none of the posteritie of Hungus to surceede in gouernment of the Pictishe kingdome Alpine nephewe to the same Hungus by his sister Fergusiana with the aduise of king Dongall made clayme thervnto and thervpon sent his messengers vnto the lords and peeres of the Pictish dominion to require them on his behalfe Ambassadour sent vnto the Pictes that he myght be receyued to the gouernemente of the kingdome due vnto him by lawfull inheritance as they wel vnderstode and that if they throughly considered of the thing they might perceiue it was the prouision of Almightie God that for want of lawfull succession lineally descended from Hungus now to succede in the estate of the Pictish kingdom by this meanes both the nations Scottes and Pictes should be ioyned in one to the abolishing of all such mortall warres as by discorde and contention might aryse betwixte those two people in lyke sorte as before tyme there hadde done to the great perill and danger of both their vtter ruines The Pictish nobilitie hauing knowledge that these messengers with suche kynde of message should shortly come from Alpine The Pictes chose Feredeth to be king with generall consent and whole agreemente chose one Feredeth to be their king a man of greate authoritie amongest them supposing this to be a meane to defeate Alpines title and that thereby he shoulde seeme to be excluded from any further clayme Within fewe dayes after came vnto Camelon the Scottishe ambassadors where Feredeth with his nobles at that presente were assembled The ambassadours come into the courte they being admitted therfore to declare their message when they began to enter into their matter of the right which Alpine had to the kingdom of the Pictes the people woulde not suffer them to proceede any further therein but began to make suche an vprore that to appease the noyse Feredeth himselfe tooke vpon him to make aunswere vnto the Ambassadors and thervpon commanding silence declared vnto them that the Pictes neyther might nor ought to admitte any stranger to reigne ouer them King Feredeth his answeare vnto the Scotishe ambassadours for there was an ancient lawe amongst them of moste high authoritie that in case of necessitie they might transpose the crowne from house to house And further that by the same law ther was an ordinance decreed that if any man were once made created king he might not be deposed during his natural lyfe And therfore though it were so that Alpine were the nephewe of Hungus by his sister Fergusiana yet bicause he was a straunger borne and cōsidering withal that the people by their ful authoritie had translated the regall administration vnto an other house of the whiche one was alreadie proclaimed and inuested kyng there was
their coūtrey men there the other that could not make shift to get away were slain anon after by the English men that one of them was not to bee founde aliue within any of the English Dominions And such was the ende of the Pictes that fledde vnto the English men for succour In this meane tyme the Scottish king Donald being restored againe to his Countrey was receyued with more ioy and honour than hee had deserued in hope yet by this scourge of aduerse fortune that he woulde haue reformed his former abuses Neuerthelesse King Donald falleth to hys old vices againe he had not bin at home any long time but that he fell to his old vicious trade of life againe remouing from his companie suche honorable personages as wished the suretie of his estate with the aduācement of the cōmon welth to the reliefe and ease of his poore miserable subiects At length the nobles of the realm perceiuing the daunger that their countrey stoode in by reason of Donaldes insolent misorder vndiscrete rule and gouernment King Donalde is laid in prisō they found meanes to apprehend and commit him vnto safe keeping but the monstrous creature within a fewe dayes after he was thus put in ward He slaieth him selfe in prison 860. in great desperation slue himselfe in the sixt yeare after he began his infortunate raigne in the yeare of our saniour 860. The same yeare that the realme of Scotlande was brought vnto such miserable state by the puissant force of the English men and Brytains as aboue is rehearsed there were sundrie wonders heard of in the countrey A young babe giueth warning vnto hys mother as in Lothian a childe of one Moneth olde and a halfe admonished the mother to flie out of that countrey for it woulde come to passe that the enimies shoulde come and take that region out of the Scottish mens hands Beasts also as they were pasturing abrode in the fieldes there roaring after a straunge sort Beastes roaryng dyed sodenly dyed Fishes likewise in shape resembling the figure of man Fishes lyke in shape to men were founde deade in the sandes of the Scottish sea In Galloway there fell such abundance of Adders and Snakes out of the skie Adders snakes fell downe out of the sky that the ayre being corrupted with the sauour of them lying on the grounde both men and beastes dyed of certain diseases which they tooke through infection thereof Such as were accounted to be skilfull in diuination affyrmed that these things did signifie an infortunate raigne with an euill ende vnto king Donalde as afterwardes it happened The interpretation of the prodigious things who hauing made away himselfe in prison as before is expressed Constantine the sonne of king Kenneth was crowned king at Scone King Cōstantine Crowned in the Chayre of Marble there according to the maner as then vsed After his first entring into the estate he would gladly haue gone in hād with the warres against y e English mē He fain would recouer his predecessours losses to haue recouered out of their possessions those countreys which they had lately taken from the Scottes in his predecessors time but his counsell aduised him otherwise He was aduised otherwise by his counsel declaring that the estate of the common wealth was so decayed by the misgouernance of his sayde predecessour that till the same were refourmed and suche intestine discorde as through licencious libertie raigned amongst his subiects might be appeased and quieted there was no hope to atchieue anye worthie enterprise abrode agaynst forraine enimies Hereupon by theyr aduertisements and good aduice Misorders are redressed hee deuised a reformation of all such misorders as were growen vp in al partes of his realme and first for the spiritualtie he ordayned that Priestes should attende their cures Priestes should onely attende their vocation and not to intermeddle with any secular businesse but to be free from going forth to the warres neyther should they keepe horses hawkes or hounds And if any of them wer found negligent in doing his duetie apperteyning to his vocation A penaltie for not doing their dueties he should for the first fault forfeyt a peece of money but for the second he should lose his benefice Youth shoulde eate but one meale a day For the youth of his realme he tooke order to brydle them the better from wanton delites and sensuall lustes that none of them shoulde haue past one meale a day and that of no fine or daintie delicates and to abstaine from all such drinke as might distemper their brayne so that if anye yong person Drunkennes punished with death either man or woman were known to be dronken they should die for it He commaunded further that all the youth of his realme shoulde exercise running wrastling shooting throwing of the dart and bowle so to auoyde slouthfulnesse that their bodies myghte with such exercises be made the more able to endure paynes and trauaile and for the same purpose he tooke order that they shoulde lye vpon the bare bourdes with one mantell onely throwne vnder them Youth to be treined vp in hardnesse so that they should tast nothing neither by day nor night that might noozell them in any wanton delytes or effeminate pleasures Kepers of bāketting houses to be banished It was also ordeyned that all such as kept vitayling houses for banketting cheare should be banished the realme with those that kept brothell houses Thus were the Scottes by obseruing of these ordinances Scottes were made sober able to abyde hardnes made within short time of gluttons excessiue feeders sober and temperate men of delicate and easefull persons hard tough and able to abide any trauail or labour were the same neuer so painfull and hereof the state of the common wealth began to grow to good perfection so that Constantines administration was lyked of the most part of all his subiects The first that went about to disquiet the prosperous raigne of that worthie Prince was one Euan Euan disquieted the king and realme a man of an aūcient house borne in the Westerne Iles. Such hath bene the vnquiet nature of the Scottish men euen from the beginning The vnquiet nature of Scottish men neuer to liue contented any long tyme eyther with peace or warre for being once a wearied with the charges of the warres they straight wayes wishe for peace and hauing in time of peace heaped togither some wealth then can they not suffer the gouernment of their superiours but either are readie to fall out with some forraine enimie or else to raise some commotion amongst themselues This Euan therefore being the kings Lieutenant of his Castell of Dunstafage in Louchquhaber Euan Lieutenant of Dunstafage conspireth agaynst the king practised a conspiracie agaynst the king with a number of other light persons being gentlemen borne mislyking the administration of things onely
a realme On the other parte Duncan of too soft a nature Duncan was so softe and gentle of nature that the people wished the inclinations maners of these two confines to haue bene so tempered and enterchaungeably bestowed betwixt them that where the one had to much of clemeÌ„cie and the other of crueltie the meane vertue betwixt these twoo extremities might haue reygned by indifferent particion in them bothe so shoulde Duncan haue proued a worthy king and Makbeth an excellent captaine The beginning of Duncanes reigne was very quiet peaceable without any notable trouble but after it was perceyued how negligent he was in punishing offenders many misruled persons tooke occasion thereof to trouble the peace and quiet state of the common wealth by seditious commotions whiche firste had theyr beginnings in this wise Banquho the Thane of Lochquhaber Banquho Thane of Lochquhaber The house of the Stewards of whoÌ„ the house of the Stewardes is discended the whiche by order of lynage hath nowe for a long time enioyned the crowne of Scotlande euen till these our dayes as he gathered the finaunces due to the king and further punished somewhat sharpely suche as were notorious offenders being assayled by a number of rebelles inhabiting in that countrey A mutenie amongst the people of Lochquhaber and spoyled of the money and all other things had muche ado to get away with life after he had receyued sundry grituous woundes amongst them Yet escaping theyr handes after he was somewhat recouered of his hurtes and was able to ride he repayred to the courte where making his complaint to the king in most earnest wise he purchased at length that the offenders were sente for by a Sergeant at armes to appeare to make aunswere vnto suche mater as shoulde be layde to theyr charge but they augmenting theyr mischeeuous acte with a more wicked deede after they had miâ—… the messenger with sundry kindes of reproches A sergeant at armes slayne by the rebels they finally slew him also Then doubting not but for suche contemptuous demeanour agaynst the kings regaâ—… authoritie they shoulde be inuaded with all the power the king coulde make Makdowald offereth himselfe to be captaine of the rebelles Makdowalde out of great estimation amongst them making first a confederacie with his nearest frendes and kinsmen tooke vpon him to be chiefe captayne of all suche rebelles as woulde staâ—…de against the king in maintenance of theyr grieuous offences lately coÌ„mitted against him Many slanderous wordes also rayling 〈◊〉 this Mâ—… vtterâ—… against his prince calling himâ—… faynt harted milkesop more 〈◊〉 to gouerne a sort of idle monkes in some cloyster than to 〈…〉 of suche valiant and hardy men of warre as the Scottes were He vsed also suche subtile perswasions and forged allurements that in a small time he had got togither a mightie power of men for out of the westerne Isles there came vnto him a great multitude of people offering themselues to assist him in that rebellious quarell and out of Ireland in hope of the spoyle came no small nuÌ„ber of Kernes Galloglasses offering gladly to serue vnder him whither it shoulde please him to lead them Makdowald discomfiteth the kings power Makdowald thus hauing a mightie puyssaunce about him encountred with suche of the kings people as were seÌ„t against him into Lochquhabir and discomfiting them by fine force tooke theyr captaine Malcolme and after the end of the batayle smoote of his head The smal skil of the king in warlike affayres This ouerthrow beyng notified to the king did put him in wonderfull feare by reason of his small skill in warlyke affayres Calling therfore his nobles to a counsell willed them of their best aduise for the subduing of Makdowald and other the rebelles And euen so came it to passe Makbeth and Banquho are sent agaynst the rebelles for being sente foorth with a newe power at his entring into Lochquhaber the fame of his coÌ„ming put y e enimies in suche feare that a great number of them stale secretely away from theyr captaine Makdowald The rebelles forsake theyr captayne who neuerthelesse enforsed thereto gaue batayle vnto Makbeth with the residue whiche remained with him but being ouercome and fleing for refuge into a castell within the whiche hys wyfe and chyldren were enclosed at length when he saw how he coulde neyther defend the hold any longer against his enimies nor yet vpon surrender be suffered to depart with lyfe saued he first slew his wife children Makdowald sleeth his wife and children and lastly him selfe and lastly himselfe least if he had yeelded simply he shoulde haue bene executed in most cruell wise for an example to other Makbeth entring into the castel by the gates as then set open founde the carkase of Makdowald lying dead there amongst the residue of the slaine bodies whiche when he behelde remitting no peece of his cruell nature with that pitifull sight Makdowaldes head sent to the king Makbeths crueltie he caused the head to be cut off and set vpoÌ„ a pooles ende so sent it as a present to the king who as then lay at Bertha The headlesse trunke he commaunded to be hong vp vpoÌ„ an high payre of gallowes Them of the Westerne Isles suyng for pardon in that they had ayded Makdowald in his trayterous enterpryse he fined at great summes of money and those whom he tooke in Lochquhabir being come thither to beare armure agaynst the king he put to execution Herevpon the Iland men conceyued a deadly grudge towards him Makbeth defamed by the Iland men calling him a couenant breaker a bloudy tyrant and a cruell murtherer of them whom the kings mercie had pardoned With whiche reprochfull woordes Makbeth being kindled in wrathfull yre against them had passed ouer with an army into the Isles to haue taken reuenge vpon them for theyr liberall talke had he not bene otherwayes perswaded by some of his frendes and partely pacified by giftes presented vnto him on the behalfe of the Ilandmen seeking to auoyde his displeasure Iustice law restored Thus was iustice and lawe restored againe to the old accustomed course by the diligent meanes of Makbeth Immediatly wherevpon worde came that Sueno king of Norway was arriued in Fyfe with a puysant army to subdue the whole realme of Scotland Sueno king of Norway laÌ„ded in Fyfe But here to the intent it may be the better perceyued what this Sueno was I will somewhat touch from whence he discended This agreeth tâ—…t with our Englysh wryters That Sueno whiche as ye haue heard conquered the realme of England being also king of Denmarke and Norway had .iij. sonnes Harold Sueno Canute the firste he ordeyned to be king of England the .ij. king of Norway and the third king of Denmarke In this fight when they had continued a long space and shewed right notable proofes of theyr manhood Canutes words to Edmond
by the English men and passed with bloudye swoorde thorough Murray euen vnto Elghyne and returnyng by Mar brente the town of Abyrdene The towne of Perth newly terrified The king of Englande at his commyng to Perth foorth of the north partes of Scotlande and finding the town vnfortified caused thesame to be newly fensed with walles and bulwarks at the charges and only expēses of these .vj. abbeys Abirbrothok Couper Lundoris Balmerinoch Dunfermlyn and saynt Androws Henry Beaumount also who contrarye to his othe before taken was nowe returned with kyng Edwarde into Scotland was made captaine of Saint Androws Also Henry Ferrar was made captaine of the castel of Lucres Williā Mountagew of Striueling Williā Felton of Roxburgh and the keping of the towne of Perth was committed vnto one Thomas Vthred Whilest king Edward ordred things in Scotlande after this manner his brother surnamed by the Scottishe writers Heltham came vnto him at Perth who in the West partes of Scotland had exercised much crueltie aswell against the enimies of the Englishmen as against those that were fauourers and friends vnto them in so much that passing through Galloway Caryck Kyle His crueltie and Cunyngham he put al to the fire and sword that came in his wayes He brenned the Churche of Saint Bute and a thousand persons within it whiche were fledde thither for safegard of their liues At his comming to Perth he found the king his brother within the Churche there who being sore offended with him for his misordred doings right sharply reprooued him for the same and for as muche as he aunswered him somewhat frowardly he plucked foorth hys sworde and there thrust him through the body euen before the alter of Saint Iohn King Edwarde sleyeth his brother Holtam wishing that all suche might perish on the same wise as put no difference betwixt friend and foe place hallowed or vnhallowed as being no reason that the Church should be any more refuge for him than he had made it for other It may bee that Kyng Edward flewe some other man in thys sorte as the Scottes here doe write but for the Earle of Cornwall that was brother to King Edward surnamed Iohn of Eltham bycause he was borne at Eltham He dyed of a naturall infirmitie as by the Englishe writers it appeareth it is nothing true that he was so made away for hee dyed of a naturall infirmitie as by our Englishe writers it manifestly appeareth But nowe to proceede with the history as we finde it written Such things accomplished in Scotlande as before ye haue hearde King Edwarde returneth into England King Edward retourned into Englande and lefte the Ballyoll behynde him with a great power of men at Perth About the same time Henry Beaumont slew all such Scottes as he might lay hands on that had bin at the battell of Kylbleyn where hys cousin Dauid Cumyn was slayne Moreouer nowe after that King Edwarde was returned into England Androw Murray commeth foorth of the mountayns Androw Murray came foorth of the Mountaynes into the which he was before withdrawen to eschew the fury of the Englishmen He winneth the castell of Kyncleuyn and by the assistance of sundry of the nobles of Scotland he wan the Castell of Kyncleuyn and rased it to the earth Shortly after hee came into Mernes and there tooke the Castell of Kylnesse and likewyse rased the same Then passing forwarde hee brenned Dunnoter And on the other part the Englishmen made no lesse spoyle and destruction on each side where they came so that the Mernes Angus Stermond and Gowry through reif murder and other disgraces The calamitie chauncing to sundry countreys of Scotland thorough continual warres The victorie of Androwe Murray gottē at Panmore chauncing by continuall warre were left in manner wast and desolate At length this Androw Murray assembling a great power with support of them of Murray Mar and Buchquham fought with his enimies at Panmor in Angus where hee obtayned the victory with huge slaughter of Englishmen and other his aduersaries In this battell was slayne Henry Mountfort Henry Moūtfort slayne who lately before had bene sente by Kyng Edward into Scotland to support the Ballyol besides foure thousande others the most parte gentlemen so that this ouerthrowe was ryghte displeasant to the King of England hauing hys syde sore weakened thereby After the gayn of thys victory The castell of Lucres ouerthrowne Androw Murray past through Fife and Angus ouerthrowing the castell of Lucres wyth all the other strengthes of Fyfe the Castell of Couper onely excepted So that king Edwarde hearing of such prosperous successe chauncing to his aduersaries Two armies sent into Scotlande sent incontinently two captaynes with two armies into Scotlande to the support of the Ballyoll William Tailbet or rather Tailboys is taken prisoner William Tailbois a man of notable prowes hauing the conducte of the one of these armyes was encountred by William Keith and after the discomfiture of his people being taken prisoner was kept in captiuitie til he payde two thousand Markes for his raunsome The other was led by Richarde Mountfort with whome Laurence Preston Robert Gordon met and giuing him battaile Richarde Mountfort or Montagew is slaine slue the same Richard with the most part of all his companie About the same time sir William Mountagew Erle of Salisburie The Castel of Dunbar is besieged by the Earles of Salisburie and Arondall togither with the Erle of Arondall came into Scotland with a great power of men besieged the castell of Dunbar lying at the same for the space of .xxij. weekes Blacke Agnes of Dunbar Within the whiche Castell was the Countesse hir selfe surnamed black Agnes of Dunbar who shewed such manly defence that no gayne was to be got any wayes forth at hir handes so that in the ende they were constrayned to rayse theyr siege and to depart without speede of their purpose It is sayde that this Countesse vsed manye pleasant wordes in ieasting and taunting at the enimies doings thereby the more to encourage hir souldiers One day it chaunced that the Englishe men had deuised an engine called a Sow An engine called a Sowe vnder the pentise or couer wherof they might approch safely to the walles she beholding this engine meryly sayde that onelesse the English men kept their Sow the better she woulde make hir to cast hir pigges A great dearth and also a death in Scotlande In the yeare next after this siege there was such a dearth through all the boundes of Scotland which such mortalitie of people as a greater had not lightly beene seene nor heard of The cause of whiche mortalitie proceeded as was thought for that the ground lay vntilled and not occupied by reason of the continuall warres before passed All the souldiers that kept the Castel of Cowper The Castell of Cowper left voyde for lacke of vytayles left the house voyde and
with as little bloudshed as you dyd Whereat M. Boice Boice a Gentleman of worship and one that reteyned to that olde Earle of Kildare standing in the preasse saide in Irishe Antragh Antragh whiche is asmuch in English as too late whereof grewe the Irish prouerbe The Prouerb Too late quoth Boyce to thys day in y e language vsed Too late quoth Boice as we say bewart of had I wist or after meate mustard or you come a day after y e faire or better done than sayde The Deputie demaunded them that stoode by what was that he spake M. Boyce willing to expounde his owne wordes stept forth and answered my Lord I said nothing but that Parese is seized of a towne neere the water syde named Baltra Baltra and I woulde gladly know how he wil dispose it before hee bee executed The gouernoure not mistrusting that M. Boice had glozed for if he had vnderstood y e true signification of the tearme it was very like that too late had not bin so sharp to Parese but too soone had bin as soure to him willed the money to bee tolde to Parese and presently caused him to be cut shorter by the head Parese beheaded declaring therby that although for the time he embraced the benefyte of the treason yet after he could not digest the treacherie of the Traytor The Deputie returneth to Dublin Thomas Fitz Girald marcheth towards Maynoth The Deputie hauing left a garrison in y e Castell returned with the army triumphantly to Dublin Thomas Fitz Girald not misdoubting but suche as hee left in the Castell were able to stand to their tacklings leuied an huge army in Oconoure his Countrey and in Connaght to the number of seuen thousande marching with them towards Maynoth minding to haue remoued the king his army from the siege but being certified that Parese his foster brother yeelded vppe the Castell to the Deputie the better part of his company gaue him the slippe Al this notwithstanding he made with such as woulde sticke to him to Clane The Lord Deputie hauing intelligence of his approch Brereton left to defende Dublin left Sir William Brereton at Dublin to defende the Citie and marched with the army to the Naas Galloglasses taken and slayne where he tooke seauen score of Thomas his galloglasses and led them all vnarmed toward Ionestowne The skoutewatch espying Thomas to march neere imparted it to the gouernour who incontinently commaunded eache man to kyll hys prisoner before the charge whyche was dispatcht only Edmond Oleyn escaping mother naked by flight to Thomas his companie Edmōd Oleyn ◅apeth leauing his shyrt in his keepers hande Both the armies aduaunced themselues one agaynst the other but the horsemen of eyther syde coulde not charge by reason of a marish or quakemyre that parted thē Wherfore the Deputie caused two or three field peeces to be discharged Thomas and ◅s companie ◅eth which skattered Thomas and his rablement insomuch as he neuer in such open wise durst after beare vp head in the English pale Fitz Girald his ◅ratagems but rather by startes and sodaine stratagemes would now and then gal the English As when the Castell of Rathimgan was woon whiche was soone after the surrender of Maynoth hee caused a droue of Cattell to appeare timely in the morning hard by the towne Such as kept the Fort suspecting it to be a bootie were trayned for the more part out of the Castel who were surprised by Thomas that lay hard by in Ambushe and the greater number of them slaine An other tyme bee fired a Village harde by Trim and deuised such of his horsemen that coulde speake English beeing clad and horsed like Northerne men to ryde to Trim where a garnison lay with hue and crie saying that they were Captaine Salisburie his souldiours and that the traytour Thomas Fitz Giralde was burning a village harde by The souldiours suspecting no cosinage issued out of the towne who were by his men charged and a great number of them slaine some chased to the towne and forced to take Sanctuarie in the Church yarde which those dayes was highly reuerenced These and the like knackes vsed Thomas bring for his owne person so well garded and for defect of a maine armie so naked as neyther he was occasioned to feare the English nor the English forced to weigh him During this tyme there arriued with a fresh supplie of horsemen and Archers William Sentlo Rice Manswel Edward Griffeth sir William Sentlo knight and his sonne sir Rice Manswell knight sir Edward Griffeth knight who were dispersed to sundrie partes of the Pale to defende the Countrey from the enimyes inuasion When the heate of this Rebellion was in this wise asswaged the Lorde Deputie finding out no deuice to apprehende the Captaine employed his industrie to intrap his confederates Burnel of Balgriffen seeing all go to wrack Burnell of Balgriffen taken and executed fled to Mounster where hee was taken by the Lorde Butler Vicecount Thurles and being conueied to England was executed at Tiburn Trauerse executed Doctor Trauerse who was left as hostage with the Citizens was by them deliuered to the Lord Deputie Roukes executed and after with Roukes the Pirate executed at the gallowes on Ostmantowne greene Walter Delahyde and his Ladie Gennet Eustace apprehended Sir Walter Delahyde knight and his wife the Ladie Gennet Eustace were apprehended and brought as prisoners by maister Brabson Vicetreasorer from their towne of Moyclare to the Castell of Dublin bycause theyr sonne and heyre Iames Delahyde was the onely bruer of all this rebellion who as the gouernour suspected was set on by his parents and namely by his mother The knight and his wife lying in duresse for the space of twelue Monethes were at seuerall tymes examined and notwithstanding all presumptions and surmises that coulde bee gathered they were in the ende founde guiltlesse of their sonne his folly But the Ladie was had in examination apart and intyced by fayre meanes to charge hir husbande with hir sonne hys rebellion who being not woonne thereto with al the meanes that coulde be wrought was menaced to be put to death or to be rackt and so with extremitie to be compelled whereas with gentlenesse she could not be allured to acknowledge these apparant treasons that neyther hir husbande nor she coulde without great shew of impudencie denie The gentlewoman with these continuall stormes heartbroken Gennet Eustace dieth deceassed in the Castell from thence hir bodie was remoued to the gray Friers with the Deputie his commaundement that it should not be enterred vntill his pleasure were further knowne adding withall that the carkasse of one who was the mother of so arrant an Archtraytor ought rather to be cast out on a Dunghill to be carion for Rauens and Dogs to gnaw vpon than to be layd in any Christian graue The corps lying foure or fiue dayes in this plight at the request
Henry his brother as a witnesse of this their atchieued victorie This Enstace was a Flemyng borne Eustace the Monke vvhat he vvas and sometyme a Monke but renouneyng his coole to receyue suche heritage as fell to hym by the death of his brethren deceassing wythoute issue hee became a notable Pyrate and hadde doone in his dayes muche mischiefe to the Englyshemenne and therefore was nowe rewarded accordyng to his demerites The spoyle and praye of the Frenche shippes was verye ryche A riche spoyle so that the Englishmen being loden wyth ryches and honour vpon their safe returne home were receyued with great ioye and gladnesse But Lewes after he vnderstoode of this mischaunce happened to his people that came to his ayde began not a little to dispayre of al other succour to come vnto hym at any time heereafter wherfore he enclined the sooner vnto peace so that at length he tooke suche offers of agreemente as were offred vnto him and receiued furthermore a summe of money for the release of suche hostages as he had in his handes ◅n accord be◅wixt K. Hen◅ and Levves together with the title of the kingdom of England and the possession of al such Castels holds as he held within the realm The French Chronicle to the which the chronicle of Dunstable and Mathewe Paris doe also agree affirmeth that he receyued .xv. M. markes The Englishe ◅hronicle say◅ a thou◅nd pound Moreouer the Popes Legate assoyled Lewes all those that had taken his part of the offence of disobedience shewed in attempting the warre agaynst the Popes commaundement Math. Paris After whiche Lewes with all his complices that had bin excommunicate sware vpon the holye Euangelist that they shuld stande to the iudgement of holy Churche and from thencefoorth be faythfull vnto the Pope and to the Churche of Rome Moreouer that he with his people should incontinently depart out of the realme and neuer vpon euil intent returne agayn And that so farre as in him lay he should procure his father King Philip to make restitution vnto king Henry of all the right which he had in the parties of beyond the sea that when he should be king of France he should resigne the same in quiet maner On the other part King Henry tooke his othe together with the Legate and the Erle of Pembroke gouernor of the realme that he shoulde restore vnto the Barons of his realme and to other his subiectes all their rightes and heritages with all the liberties before demaunded for the whiche the discorde was moued betwixte the late Kyng Iohn and his barons Moreouer all prysoners on both parties were released and sette at libertie without paying any ransom yea and those whiche had couenaunted to paye and vpon the same were set at libertie before the conclusion of thys peace were nowe discharged of all summes of money whiche then remained vnpayed Thus peace was concluded on the .xj. daye of September not farre from Stanes harde by the riuer of Thames where Lewes himself the Legate Guallo and diuers of the spiritualtie wyth the erle of Pembroke lord gouernor of the realm and others did meete and talke about this accord When all things were ordred and finished agreable to the articles and couenants of the peace so farre as the tyme present required the Lordes of the realme when Lewes should departe homewarde attended him to Douer in honorable wise as appertayned and there tooke leaue of him and so he departed out of the realme about the feast of Saint Michaell King Henry by this meane being put in full possession of the realme according to the prescript of that article conteined in those conditions of the peace lately specified pardoned all those that had ayded his aduersale Lowes during the warres except certain of the spiritualtie whiche were put to suche fynes that they were compelled to laye all that they had to pledge The p◅ are fyne to leuie suche summes of money as they might with the same obteyne the kings fauoure againe and beside that to sue to Rome for their entier absolution at the Popes owne handes Amongest other Hugh Bishop of Lincolne returning into England was compelled to paye a thousande markes to the Popes vse for recouerie of his Bishoprike and an hundred markes also to the Legate of good and lawfull money Suche cheuaunce made the Legate amongest them of the church An. reg 2 VVhat chauance the Logate made as well persons secular as regular that he got together .xij. thousand markes toward his charges whereby it appeared that he loste no tyme in England But to proceede The realme now being in quiet of al outward felicitie a number of vnruly persons such as deliting in ydlenesse knew not how to lyue in tyme of peace assembled themselues together and appointyng Foulkes du Brent Foukes de Brent who was a man of greate stomacke and more rashnesse to bee their capitayne and ringleader began to make watre against the Kyng and to spoyle the townes and countreys about them so that their euill doings might haue caused no small perill to haue ensued by some great ciuill sedition if the Erle of Pembroke had not in tyme preuented their attemptes For he assēbling the kinges power hasted towardes the rebelles and what by his owne auctoritie and by the reuerend regard of some bishops in his companie more than by vsing of any force of armes he stayd the matter for that time Math. Pari◅ so that no farther mischiefe folowed of this mutenie Besydes the foresayd Foulks du Brent there were other of the Nobilitie also whiche practised the lyke mysorder as William Earle of Albemarle Roberte de Veypounte Bryan de Lisle Hugh de Baliole Philip de Marc and Roberte de Gaugi the whiche Robert withheld the Castell of Newarke that belonged to the Bishoppe of Lincolne The Castel◅ Nevvarke ◅stored to the bishop of Li◅colne and would not deliuer it tyll the K. with Willyam Marshall Earle of Pembrooke had layne at siege before it an eight days In the ende of which terme by mediation of friendes the matter was taken vp and the Bishop recouered his castell paying to the sayde Robert de Gaugi an hundred poūds sterling for the victuals which he left within the same castell Soone after this Ranulph Earle of Chester was sent into the holy lande by king Henry with a faire companie of souldiours and men of war to ayde the Christians there againste the Infidels Mat. Paris The earle of ◅hester goeth ◅to the holy ◅nde whiche at the same time had besieged the citie of Damieta in Egypt in which enterprise the valiancie of the same Erle after his cōming thyther was to his greate prayse moste apparaunt There went with him in that iourney Saer de Quincy Earle of Winchester William de Albeney Earle of Arundell beside dyuers barons as the Lord Robert Fitz Walter Iohn Constable of Chester ◅onne to kyng ◅ohn
Edwarde At the solempnitie of this coronation there were let goe at libertie catche them that catche myght fiue hundred great horses by the King of Scottes the Erles of Cornwall Caxton Gloucester Pembroke Warren and others as they were alighte beside theyr backs On saint Nicholas euen there chaunced suche an earthquake with lightning and thunder and therewythall the appearing of the breÌ„ning drake and a blasing starre called a comete that the people were brought into no small feate vpon consideration thereof But nowe to the poynte of the historie Kyng Edward at the fyrste like a prudente prince chose foorth of the wysest and worthyest men to be of his cousell to purchase the loue of his subiects whose myndes were somwhat offended towardes his father by reason that he refused to keepe promise wyth them touchyng the restitution of gentle and fauourable lawes Kyng Edwarde shewed himselfe so gentle towardes all degrees of men that he seemed to excede the reasonable bonds of curteous humanitie muche more than became his royall estate After this 1275. An. Reg. 3. he reformed dyuers lawes and statutes and deuised some new ordinaÌ„ces greatly for the wealthe of the realme He helde his first Parliament at Westminster A parliament where the ordinances were made called the statute of Westminster the first The statute of VVestminster The Prince of VVales Llevvellin To this Parliament was the prince of Wales Lewelin summoned to come and doe his homage hauing bin requested first to come to the kings coronation but he refused and nowe hauing summonance to come to this Parliament he excused hymself affirming that hee durste not come for feare of certayne noble men that laye in wayte for his life requiring to haue pledges deliuered for his safe comming and going the Kyngs son and Gilbert Earle of Gloucester with Robert Burnell the Lord Chauncellour The Kyng was greatly offended with suche a presumptuous demaunde but passed it ouer till after the ende of the Parliament The king coÌ„meth to Chester and then repairing to Chester he sent eftsoones messengers to the said Llewelin requiring to come and doe his homage but hee still detracted time so that in the ende the Kyng reysed an armye meanyng to recouer that by force whiche otherwise he could not obteine by quiet meanes This yeare the people payd a fifteenth to the Kyng of all theyr temporall goodes which was sayde to be graunted firste to his father Mat. VVest Bracton bishop of Hereforde departeth this lyfe The same yeare departed this life Iohn Breton bishoppe of Hereford who being very experte in the lawes of the lande compiled a booke of them called to Bâ—…eton The eleueâ—… September 〈◊〉 generall earthquake chauâ—… betwixt the first houre and thirde of the 〈◊〉 daye the Church of Saint Michaell on the 〈◊〉 wythout Glastenbury was therwyth throwen downe to the grounde 〈◊〉 after this it rained bloude in the countrey 〈◊〉 Wales It raiâ—… 〈◊〉 as 〈◊〉 prodigy â—…se euill token to that â—…tion wyth whose bloude shortly after that Region was in many places maysted and stayned For as it chaunced shortly after 1276 An. reg â—… Lleweâ—…n the sonne of of Griffyn came to haue the gouernement of Wales who partly to reyse newe sediâ—… in England and partly to purchase hym friendship and alyaunce in Fraunce sente vnto the Phillippe requiring of him that he myght 〈◊〉 in marriage the Ladye Eleanor daughter to Symon Mauntfort Earle of Leycester the whiche togyther wyth hir mother and 〈◊〉 Emerike remayned as banyshed persoâ—… in France The French K. granted his request and sent hir vnder the conducte of hir saide â—…ther to be conueyed into Wales vnto Lâ—…lin who had promised to marry hir Bâ—…e they approched to Wales at the Isle of â—…y bothe the brother and sister were taken by â—…e shippes of Bristowe The 〈◊〉 Mâ—… 〈…〉 pâ—… 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 the owners wherof that so tooke them sent them vnto Kyng Edwarde When Llewelin vnderstood that his wife was takeÌ„ from him by the way as she was coÌ„ming he was not a little wrothe Lâ—… priâ—… 〈…〉 to 〈…〉 and incontinously beginneth to make warre vppon Kyng Edwardes subiectes that bordered neare vnto Wales killing the people spoiling their goods and brenning vp theyr Townes and houses 〈◊〉 eche side The Kyng appoynting 〈◊〉 of his 〈◊〉 signâ—… 〈…〉 Lorde Robert de Tâ—… to take on othe for hym and ancthorising the saide Robert Authoâ—… Bâ—… 〈…〉 de Sâ—…hampton 〈◊〉 prouinciall of the fâ—…ers preache â—…s commissione is a 〈…〉 his behalfe to receyue the 〈◊〉 the of the saiâ—… Leweâ—… Which Llewelin apâ—…oynted â–ª 〈◊〉 â—…missioners for his parte 〈◊〉 â—…ap Edâ—… and Gronâ—… Hâ—…lin the whiche â—…issioâ—… 〈◊〉 wyth good â—…liberation 〈◊〉 vpon 〈◊〉 poyntes and articles of whyche the principall wâ—… as followeth First that the saide Llewelin shoulde set 〈◊〉 liberte all prisoners whiche hee helde in captiuitie for the Kyng of Englandes cause â—…ty and without all chalenge â—…e articles of â—…ment beâ—…wixt King â—…vvarde and â—…vvellin Also to haue peace and the Kings of Englands sâ—… he shulde giue vnto the saide king fiftye thousand pound sterling the dayes of the payment whereof to reste in the Kyngs will and pleasure Also y t the lande of the four Candreds without all contradiction shoulde 〈◊〉 for euer to the King and his heyres with all lands conquered by the Kyng and his people the Isle of â—…ngâ—… y e exâ—…epted Anglesey whiche Isle was graunted to the Prince to that he shulde pay for the same yerely the 〈◊〉 of one thousand marks and fiue thousand maâ—… for an income and if the Prince 〈◊〉 to dye without issue then y e said Isle 〈◊〉 again 〈◊〉 the kings hands Also that the Prince shall come to Rothelan or Râ—… 〈◊〉 it is commonly called there so the 〈◊〉 to the Kyng and before his coÌ„ming thitheâ—… he shuld be assoyled and haue the interdâ—… of his landes released and at his being aâ—… Rotheâ—… daye shall be appoynted hym by the â—…ing for his comming to London there to doe 〈…〉 And herevpon was order taken for his 〈◊〉 conduit alâ—… in his comming to 〈◊〉 the â—…aâ—… as to LoÌ„don â–ª Ther be that wryte that 〈…〉 appoynted to come vnto London at the 〈◊〉 the Natiuitie of our Lord. Also it waâ—… 〈◊〉 couenanted that all the homages of â—…es should remaine to the Kyng except 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 barons which inhabited neare vnto that 〈◊〉 of Snowdon for otherwise the said 〈…〉 could not conueniently call himselfe Prâ—…e except he had some Barons vnder him 〈…〉 he shoulde reteyne the title and name of Prince so long as he liued and after his deceaâ—…e the homages of those fiue barons shoulde reuâ—… to the Kyng and to his heyres for euer â–ª Moreouer the kyng graunted vnto the saide Llewlin N. Triuet Dauid Llevvel lines brother prouided for the landes that belonged to his brother Dauid for term of the said Llewlins life and in recompence thereof was contented to satisfie
and maynteyned a true quarrell til his liues ende Also his enimies continued not long after but came to euill ende Others conceyued an other opinion of hym alledging that hee fauoured not his wife but lyued in spouse breache Sâ—… Sâ—â—tlike partes defiling a greate number of damosels Gentlewomen If any offended him he slew him shortly after in his wrathfull moode Apostataes and other euill doers he mainteyned and would not suffer them to be punished by due order of lawe All his doings hee vsed to coÌ„mitte vnto one of his Secretaries and tooke no heede himselfe thereof and as for the manner of his death he fledde shamefully in the fight and was taken and put to death against his will bycause he could not auoide it yet by reason of certayne miracles whiche were said to be done neere to the place both where he suffered and where hee was buried caused many to thinke he was a Sainct howbeit at length by the Kings commaundement the Church dores of the Priory where hee was buried were shut and closed so that no man might be suffered to come to the tombe to bryng any offerings or to do any other kinde of deuotion to the same Also the hill where hee suffered Caxtâ—â— was kept by certaine Gascoignes appoynted by the L. Hugh Spencer the sonne as then lying at Pounfret to the ende that no people shoulde come and make their prayers there in worship of the said Earle whome they tooke verily for a Martir When the King had subdued the Barons shortly after A Parliament at Yorke aboute the feast of the Ascention of our Lord he held a ParliameÌ„t at Yorke in whiche Parliament the record and whole processe of the decree or iudgement concerning the disinheriting of the Spencers ordeined by the Lordes in Parliament assembled at London The râ—… touchâ—… â–ª aâ—… banishiâ—… 〈◊〉 the Spenceâ—… reuersed the last sommer was now throughly examined and for their errors therein found the same recorde and processe was cleerely adnihillated and reuersed and the sayd Spencers were restored to al their lands and offices â—…eation of â—…rles as before And in the same ParliameÌ„t the Lorde Hugh Spencer the father was made Earle of Winchester and the Lorde Andrew de Herkley Earle of Careleill Moreouer in the same Parliamente all suche were disinherited as had taken part with y e Erles of Lancaster Hereford â—…he Lorde â—…deley â—…doned except the Lorde Hugh Audeley the yonger and a few other the whyche Lord Hugh was pardoned bycause he had married the Kings neece that was sister to Gilberte de Clare Earle of Gloucester which was slayne in Scotlande at the battell of Bannockesborne as before is mentioned Robert Baldocke is maâ—…e 〈◊〉 Chancellor Polidor Also master Robert Baldocke a man euil beloued in the Realme is made Lord Chancellour of England This Robert Baldocke and one Simon Reding were great fauourers of y e SpeÌ„cers and so likewise was the Earle of Arundell and thereby it may be thought that the Spencers did help to aduance them into the Kings fauour so that they bare no small rule in the Realme during the time that the same Spencers continued in prosperitie which for y e tearme of fiue yeres after that the foresaide Barons as before is expressed were brought to confusion did wonderfully encrease The Queene â—…iueth good â—…ouncell and the Queene for that she gaue good and faithfull counsaile was nothing regarded but by the Spencers meanes cleerely worne out of the Kings fauour The kings â—…dest sonne â—…eated prince 〈◊〉 Wales Moreouer we finde that in this Parliament holden at Yorke the Kings eldest sonne Edward was made Prince of Wales and Duke of Aquitaine Also the King caused the ordinances made by the Earles and Barons to be examined by men of great knowledge and skill and suche as were thought necessary to be established he commaunded that the same shoulde be called statutes Statutes and not ordinances Beside a great subsedie graunted to the King by the Temporaltie A subsedie the Cleargie of the prouince of Caunterburie graunted fiue peÌ„ce of euery marke and they of y e prouince of Yorke four pence Aymer Earle of Pembroke beeing returned home from this Parliamente holden at Yorke Addition to Triuet The Earle of Pembroke arrested was arrested by certaine Knightes sent with authoritie thereto from the King who brought him backe to Yorke where at length through sute of certayne noble men hee was vpon his oth taken to be a faithfull subiect and in consideration of a fine whiche hee payed to the King set at libertie The occasion of his emprisonmente came for that he was accused and detected to bee a secrete fauourer of the Barons cause against the Spencers in time of the late troubles Moreouer shortly after Fabian the King gathered the sixth peny of the temporall mens goodes thorough Englande Irelande and Wales whyche had bin graunted to him at the foresaide Parliament holden at Yorke towards the defending of the Realme against the Scottes This taxe was not gathered withoute greate murmure and grudge the Realme beeing in such euill and miserable state as it then was This yeare also the sunne appeared to mans sighte in coulour like to bloud and so continued sixe houres that is to witte from seuen of the clocke in y e morning of y e last day of October vnto one of y e clocke in the after none of y e same day Kyng Edwarde being thus besette with two mischiefes both at one time thought good first to prouide remedie againste the neerer daunger whiche by the Scottes was still at hande and therefore he meant to goe against them hymselfe and to send his brother Edmond Earle of Kent into Guyenne to defende that countrey from the Frenchmen An. reg 16. Heerevppon nowe in the sixteenth yeare of hys raigne after that y e Scottes were returned home with a great bootie and rich spoyle The King goeth into Scotlande with an army Rich. South Merimouth he gote togyther a wonderfull greate army of men and entring into Scotland passed far within the CouÌ„trey not finding any resistance at all as the most parte of oure writers doe agree but at length through famine and diseases of the flixe and other maladies that fell amongst the Englishmen in the army hee was constreyned to come backe and in his way besieged the Castell of Norham whiche fortresse hee wanne within tenne dayes after he had begun to assault it Robert Bruce immediately after the English army was retired home reysed a power and entring into England by Sulway sands lay at a place called Beaumond not past three myles from Careleill by the space of fiue dayes sending in the meane time the most parte of his army abroade to spoyle and harrie the countrey on euery side and afterwardes remouing from thence hee passeth towardes Blackamore hauing knowledge by diligente espials that King Edwarde was in those parties giuing hymselfe
The Earles of Arminack and Perigord Froissart that had made theyr appeale as ye haue heard to the Chamber of the Peeres of Fraunce when they vnderstoode that the Prince had imprisoned the Messengers that brought to him the French kings letters beganne to make warre on the Princes lands The first enterprice they made The L. Wake discomfited was the discomfiting of the Lorde Thomas Wake Seneschall of Rouergue as he was ryding from Agen vnto the Citie of Rodais with threescore Speares and two hundred Archers in his companie Also the Frenche King being nowe prouided for the warre and vnderstanding the minds of the people within certaine townes vnder the dominion of the English men Fabian The FreÌ„ch K. proceedeth agaynst the prince in iudge 〈◊〉 â—…r of the â—…ppeale Froissort in his high court of ParliameÌ„t holdeÌ„ at Paris proceeded in iudgement vpon the appellation before made by the Earles of Arminacke Perigord and others agaynst Prince Edwarde And moreouer he sent ouer into Englande the Erle of Salisbruche and a knight called sir William Dormon to signifie to the king of England how he thought himselfe not honourably vsed and that the king of Englande did but slenderly keepe the couenants of the peace considering that hee did not finde meanes to reforme such of his subiects Englishmen and Gasgoignes as daylye robbed and wasted the Countreys and landes belonging to the Crowne of Fraunce These Ambassadours were stayed for the space of two Monethes and still they complayned of the wrongs that the EnglishmeÌ„ had done contrary to the couenantes of the peace but the king made small account thereof bycause hee perceyued it was forged matter that they alledged and so in the ende he sent them away At Douer being vpon their returne there met them a Brytayn that was comming with letters of defiaunce to the king of Englande from the French king and as he had in commaundement he declared to theÌ„ the effect of his message wherevpon with al speed they passed ouer to Bolongne and were glad they had so escaped The Brytaine came to the Court and delyuered the defiance to the king according to the instructions which he had receyued The French king sent to defie the king of England When the king had heard the letters read and perceyued by good viewe taken of the seale and signet that the same were of authoritie hee licenced the messenger to depart and fel in counsaile with the Peeres of his realme what he should do in so weightie a matter Wherevpon it was thought necessarie by them that he shoulde assemble his court of Parliament and so he did In the which vpon declaration made Polidor A Parliament assembled how iniuriously the Frenche king after many wrongfull dealings had nowe broken the peace and sent his defiance vnto the king in so despiteful wise as might be there was granted towardes the maintenance of the warre thus begon three fiftenes of the temporaltie Three fiftenes and three tenthes graÌ„ted Fabian Froissart and three dismes of the spiritualtie to bee payed in three yeares At the selfe same tyme that the defiance was made to the king here in Englande the Earle of Saint Poll and Guy de Chatyllon mayster of the Crosbowes in Fraunce entred into the countie of Ponthiew tooke Abuile Sir Nicholas Louaigne taken and an Englishe knight called sir Nicholas Louaigne Seneshall of that Countrey vnder the king of Englande as then being within it They tooke also Saint Valerie Crotoy Rue Pont Saint Reny The Countie of Ponthiew taken by the French king and to be short reduced the whole Countrey of Ponthiew vnder the French obeysance which hadde remayned in possession of the Englishe men for the space of Cxij yeares euer sith Edwarde the first had the same assigned to him in name of a dower with his wife Queene Eleanore sister to Alfonse king of Castil and yet were the people of that Country readie now to reuolt to the French dominion notwithstanding their former long continued obeysaunce to the English men for otherwise coulde not the French men so easilye haue come to their purpose but that the people were couenanted before to receyue them and betray those fewe Englishmen that were amongest them About the same time also it fell so yll for the Englishe men The prince of Wales diseased with sicknesse that the Prince of Wales was troubled with a sore sicknesse that had continued long with him euer sith his being in Spaine by reason whereof his enimies were the more bolde to make attempts agaynst him and dayly went about to allure and intice his subiects of the marches of Guienne to reuolt from him The Citie of Cahors reuolteth insomuche that the citie of Cahors and diuerse other townes thereabout turned to the French part And thus was the peace which had beene so surely made and with so many solemne othes confirmed violated and broken and the parties fallen togither by the eares againe in sundrie places and namely in Aquitain where sundrie armies were abrode in the fieldes diuerse sieges layde many townes taken often encounters and skirmishes made somtime to the losse of the one part somtyme of the other and the Countreys in the meane time harried and spoyled that maruayle it is to consider and too long a processe it should be to rehearse the tenth part of suche chaunces as dayly happened amongst them Succors sent into Gascoign King Edwarde sent ouer into Gascoigne the Earles of Cambridge and Pembroke with a certaine number of men of armes and archers the which arriuing in Brytayne passed through that Countrey by licence of the Duke and came to the prince as theÌ„ lying at Angolesme in Poictou by whome they were sent to ouerrunne the Earle of Perigordes landes Burdille besieged and so they did and after layde siege to Burdille hauing with them aboute three thousande men one and other There came with them forth of England four hundred men of armes and foure hundred archers as Froissart hath and of their Captaines beside the Earles he nameth these the Lorde of Tabestonne or rather Bradstone as I take it sir Brian Stapleton sir Thomas Balaster and Sir Iohn Triuet Whylest the sayd Earles went thus to make warre agaynst the Earle of Perigord Sir Hugh Caluerley Sir Hugh Caluerley with two thousand men of warre was sente also to ouerrunne the landes of the Earle of Armynacke Sir Iohn Chandos and of the Lorde Dalbret Sir Iohn Chandos lay in the marches of Tholouse at Mountaubon and afterwardes besieged Terrieres â–ª and in the end wanne it and so likewyse did the Earles of Cambridge and Pembroke wynne Burdille Burdille won by reason of a sailly that they wythin made forth and passed so farre from their Fortresse that the English men got betwixt theÌ„ and home Sir Robert Knolles Sir Robert Knolles came from such landes as he had in Brytaine to serue the Prince now in
the Tower of London called the Nicholas of the Tower The Capitayne of that Barke wyth small fight entred into the Dukes ship and perceyuing hys person present brought hym to Douer Rode and there on the one side of a cocke boate The deathâ—… of the Duke of â—… caused his heade to be striken off and left his body with the heade lying there on the sands which corps beyng there founde by a chaplein of his was conueyed to Wingfield colledge in Suffolke and there buried This end had William de la Poole Duke of Suffolke as meane iudge by Gods prouidence for that he hadde procured the deathe of that good duke of Gloucester as before is partly touched But the deathe of this Duke broughte not the Realme in quiet for those that fauoured the Duke of Yorke and wished the Crowne vppon his heade for that as they iudged hee hadde more right therto than he that ware it procured a commotion in Kent on this manner â—…ke Cades â—…on in 〈◊〉 A certain yong man of a goodly statuâ—…e and right pregnaunt of witte was enticed to take vppon hym the name of Iohn Mortimer allthoughe his name was Iohn Cade and not for a small pollicie thinking by that surname that those which fauored the house of the Earle of Marche woulde be assistaunce to hym This Captaine assembled a greate companye of tall personages assuring them that the enterprise whiche he tooke in hande was bothe honorable to God and the kyng and profitable to the whole Realme for it eyther by force or pollicye they might gette the King and Quene into their hands that he woulde cause them to bee honourablye vsed and take suche order for the punishing and reforming of the misdemeanors of their counsellours that neither fifteenes shoulde hereafter be demaunded nor once any impositions or taxes shoulde bee spoken of The Kentyshe people prouoked with these perswasions and other faire promisses of liberty which they most desire in good order of battaile thoughe not in great number came with their saide Capitaine vnto the plaine of Black heath betwene Eltham and â—…newiche And to the intent the cause of this glorious Capitaines comming thither might bee shadowed from the King and his counsaile vnder a cloked veile of good meaning thoughe his intent was malicious he sent vnto hym an humble supplication affirming that his comming was not against his grace but against suche of his counsellours as were louers of themselues and oppressors of the poore communaltye flatterers of the King and enemies to his honor suckers of his purse robbers of his subiectes parciall to their friendes and extreeme to their enemies through bribes corrupted and for indifferency dooing nothing This proude bill was of the King and hys counsaile disdainfully taken and vppon consultation hadde it was concluded that suche proude Rebelles shoulde rather bee brought down by force and violence than pacified with faire wordes and gentle aunswers Wherevppon the King assembled a greate army and marched towarde them whiche hadde lyen on Blacke heathe by the space of eight dayes The subtill Capitain Iacke Cade intending to bring the King â—…lker within the compasse of his nette brake vp his Campe The Staffordes slaine at Seuenock by Iacke Cade and retired backe to the town of Seuâ—…nocke in Kent The Queene whiche bart the rule being of his retraite well aduertysed sente Syr Hamfery Stafford Knighte and William hys brother with many other gentlemenne to followe the chase of the Kentishemenne thinking that they hadde fledde but they were deceyued for at the first skirmishe bothe the Staffords were staine and all their company shamefully discomfited The Kings army being at this time come to Blacke heath hearing of this discomsiture beganne to grudge and marmure amongest themselues some wishing the Duke of Yorke at home to ayde the captaine hys cousin some desiring the ouerthrowe of the Kyng and hys counsayle other openlye crying oute on the Queene and hyr complices This rumor published abroade caused the King and certaine of his counsaile to appease the furious rage of the multitude to commit the Lorde Say Threasourer of England vnto the Tower of London and if other againste whome like displeasure was borne hadde bene present they had ben likewise coÌ„mitted When Iacke Cade had obteyned the victorie againste the Staffordes hee apparrelled hymselfe in sir Humfreys brigandins set full of guilt nailes and so wyth pompe and glorye retourned againe toward London diuers idle and vagarande persons resortyng to hym from Suffex and Surrey and other places and from other parties to a greate number Thus this glorious Capitaine enuironed wyth a multitude of euill rude and rusticall people came againe to the plaine of Blacke heathe and there strongly encamped hymselfe to whome were sent from the Kyng the Archebishoppe of Canterburye and Humfrey Duke of Buckingham to common with hym of his greeues and requestes These lords founde hym sober in talke wise in reasoning arrogant in hart stiffe in opinion for by no meanes he would grauÌ„t to dissolue his army except the king in person wold come to him and assent to all things he would require The king after he had vnderstoode the presumptuous aunswers and requestes of this villanous rebell beganne asmuche to doubt his owne familiar seruauntes as hys vnknowen subiectes which spared not to speake that the Capitaynes cause was profitable for the common wealthe departed in all haste to the Castell of Killingworthe in Warwickeshire leaning only behind him the lord Scales to keepe the tower of London The Kentishe captaine beeing aduertised of the Kings absence came firste into Southwark and there lodged at the white harte prohibiting to all his retinue murder rape and robbery by which coloure of well meanyng hee allured to hym the hartes of the common people But after this hee entred into the Citie of London and cutte the ropes of the drawe bridge strikyng hys sworde on London stone saying now is Mortimer lord of this citie And after a flattering declaration made to the Maior of his thither comming he departed againe into Southwarke and vpon the thirde day of Iuly bee caused sir Iames Fines Lorde Say and threasorer of England to be brought to the Guyld hall there to be arreined which being before the kings Iustices put to answer desired to be tried by his Peeres for the lenger delay of his life The captaine perceyuing his dilaâ—…orie plea The Lord 〈◊〉 beâ—…ded as the Sâ—…anderd in Cheaps by force tooke hym from the officers brought hym to the standerd in Cheaps â–ª and there before his confession ended caused his heade to bee striken off and pitched it vpon aâ—… highe pole which was openly borne before him throughe the streetes And not content herwith hee went to Mileend and there apprehended 〈◊〉 Iames Cromer then sheriffe of Kent and son in lawe to the saide Lorde Say causing likewise hym without confession or excuse 〈◊〉 to bee beheaded and his heade to bee â—…ed 〈◊〉 pole and
him with that Garlande they kneeled downe â—…fore him as the Iewes did to Choâ—…e in scorns saying to him haue King withoute 〈◊〉 hayle King without heritage hayle Duke and Prince without people or possessions And at length hauing thus scorned him with these and dyuerse other the lyke despitefull wordes they stroke off his heade whiche as yee haue heard they presented to the Queene Many deemed that this miserable end chaunced to the Duke of Yorke as a due punishment for breaking his othe of allegiance to his soueraigne Lord king Henry but other helde him discharged thereof Mark the Pope dispensation bycause he obteyned a dispensation from the Pope by such suggestion as his procurators made vnto him whereby the same othe was adiudged voyd as that which was receyued vnaduisedly to the preiudice of himselfe and disinheriting of all his posteritie After this victorie obteyned thus by the N. and hir part the Earle of Salisburie and all the prisoners were sent to Pomfret The prisonâ—… be headed 1491 and there beheaded whose heades togyther with the Duke of Yorkes head were conueyed to Yorke and their set on Polles ouer the gate of the Citie in despite of them and their lynage The Erle of Marche so commonly called but now after the death of his father in deede and in ryght verie Duke of Yorke lying at Gloucester was wonderfully amazed when the sorowfull newes of these mishappes came vnto hym but after comfort gyuen to him by hys faythfull louers and assured allyes hee remooued to Shrewsburie declaring to the Inhabitauntes of that towne and to them of the other townes in those partyes the murther of his father the ieopardie of himself and the present ruine of the coÌ„mon welth The people on the Marches of Wales for the fauour which they bare to the Mortimers linage more gladly offred him their ayde and assystance than he could desire the same so that hee had incontinently a puissaunt armye to the number of 〈◊〉 thousand ready to go against the Queene and the murtherers of his father But when hee was setting forwarde The erle of PeÌ„broke newes was brought to him that Iasper Earle of Pembroke halfe brother to King Henrie and Iames Butler Earle of Ormond and Wilshire had assembled togither a greate number of Welche and Irishe people sodainely to take and surprise him he being here with quickened retyred backe and mette with his enimies in a fayre 〈◊〉 neare to Mortimers Crosse not farre from Hereford cast The Bareâ—… Mortimers crosse on Candlemasse day in the morning at whiche tyme the sonne as some wryte appeared to the Earle of March like three Sunnes and sodainly ioyned altogither in one vppon whiche sight hee tooke suche courage that he fiercely setting on his enimyes put them to flight and for this cause menne ymagined that he gaue the Sunne in his 〈…〉 for his Badge or cognisaunce Of his enimies were left dead on the grouÌ„d three thousand and .viij. hundred The Erles of Pembroke and 〈…〉 but sir Owen Eruther father to the sayd erle of Pembroke which OweÌ„ had maried K. Hennes mother as ye haue hearde before with Dauid Floid Owen Ten 〈◊〉 and other 〈◊〉 and be headed Morgâ—… diuerse other wer take and beheaded at Hereford During this season the Queene encouraged with hir late gayned victorie with a great multitude of Northerne people marched towarde London intending to vndoe all that which had bin ordeyned in the last Parliament VVhethaÌ„sted These Northerne people after they were once passed ouer the riuer of Trent spoyled and wasted the Countrey afore them in maner as if they had bin in the land of forayne enimies At length they approched to Saint Albons hearing that the Duke of Northfolke and the Erle of Warwike with other whome the Duke of Yorke had left to gouerne the King in hys absence had by the Kings assent assembled a great host The Notâ—…e men ouer into Saint Albons and were encamped neere to that Towne Those Northerne Lordes and other that were with the Queene made forwarde and entring into Saint Albons meante to passe through the Towne and so to coape with their enimies but finding a sorte of archers raunged neere to the greate crosse in the market place to defend their passage they were receyued with suche a storme of arrowes which came flying about their eares as thicke as hayle that they were quickly repulsed backe and with losse driuen to retire vnto the West ende of the Towne where by a lane that leadeth Northwards vp to Saint Peters strete they made their entrie and had there also a sharp encounter against certayne hands of the kings people They passe through it but yet after greate slaughter on both partes they gote through and vppon the heathe that lyeth at the North ende of the towne called Barnard heath they had a farre greater conflict with foure or fiue thousande of the Kyngs armie that seemed as they had bin anaunt courrers whiche gaue tho onset so fiercely at the beginning The second â—…ell at â—…nt Albons that the victorie rested doubtfull a certaine time so that if y e Easterne and Southerne men had continued as they began the field had bin theirs but after they had stoode to it a pretie while and perceyued none of their fellowes from the great armie to come and assist them they began to faint and turning their backes fledde amaine The Kings part fleetâ—… ouer hedge and ditch through thicke and thinne wooddes and bushes seeking so to escape the handes of their cruell enimies that followed them with egre minds to make slaughter vpon them namely the Northerne prickes nowe in the chace pursued most hotely and bare downe many and more had done if the night comming vppon had not stayed the execution of their vnmercifull willes When the daye was nowe closed and darkened with the shadow of night those that were about the King being in number a twentie thousande persons hearing howe euill their fellowes had sped began vtterly to despaire of the victorie and so fell without anye long tarâ—…ance 〈◊〉 running away by reason whereof the nobles that were about the King perceyuing how the game went and withall saw no comfort in the King but rather a good will and affection towards the contrarie part they withdrew also leauing the King accompanyed with the Lord Bonneuille and Sir Thomas Kiriell at Kent which vppon assurance of the Kings promise tarried still with him and fled not but their trust deceyued them for at the Queenes departing from Saint Albons they were both beheaded though contrarie to the minde and promise of hir husbande Sir Thomas Thorp Baron of the Escherkeâ—… was also beheaded the same day at Highgate by the commons of Kent Such was the fortune of this seconde battell foughte at Sainte Albons vppon Shroue Tewesday beeing the seuententh of Februarie in which were slayne three and twentie hundred men and not aboue of whome 1916. as Iohn
naughte comparing this manner presente with this last nightes cheere in so fewe houres so great a change maruellously misliked Howbeit sith he could not get away and keepe hymselfe close he woulde not least hee shoulde seeme to hyde hymselfe for some secrete feare of hys owne faulte whereof hee sawe no suche cause in himselfe He determined vpon the suretie of hys owne conscience to goe boldly to them and inquire what this matter myghte meant whome 〈◊〉 as they sawe they began to quarrel with him and say that he intended to set distaunce betweene the King and them and to bring them to reâ—…sion but it should not lie in his power And when he began as he was a very well spoken in all in goodly wise to excuse himselfe they tarried not the ende of his aunswere The Lorde Riuers put in warde but shortly tooke hym and put him in ward and that done forthwith wente to Horsebacke and tooke the way to Stony Stratforde where they founde the King with hys companie readie to leape on Horsebacke and departe forwarde to leaue that lodging for them bycause it was to straight for both companyes And assoone as they came in his presence they lighte adowne with all theyr companie about them To whome the Duke of Buckingham sayde goe afore Gentlemen and yeomen keepe your twines And thus in a goodly aray they came to the King and on their knees in very humble will salued his grace whiche receyued them in verye ioyous and amiable manner nothing earthly knowing nor mistrusting as yet But euen by and by in his presence they piked a quarrell to the Lorde Richarde Grey The Lorde Grey the Kings other brother by his mother saying that he with y e Lorde Marques his brother and the Lord Riuers hys Vncle had compassed to 〈◊〉 the King and the Realme and to set variance among the states and to subdue and destroy the noble proud of the Realme Towarde the accomplishing whereof they sayd that the Lord Marques had entred into the Tower of London and thence taken out the Kings treasure and sente menne to the Sea All which things these Dukes wist wel were done for good purposes necessarie by the whole counsayle at London sauing that somewhat they must say Vnto whiche wordes the Kyng aunswered What my brother Marques hathe done I cannot say But in good faithe I dare well aunswere for mine vncle Riuers and my brother heere that they be innocent of anye such matter Yea my liege quoth the Duke of Buckingham they haue kept theyr dealing in these matters farre fro the knowledge of youre good grace And forthwith they arested the Lord Richard and Sir Thomas Vaughan Knighte in the Kings presence and brought the King and all backe vnto Northampton where they tooke againe further Counsell And there they sente away from the Kyng whome it pleased them and set new seruauntes about hym suche as lyked better them than him At whiche dealing hee wepte and was nothing contente but it booted not And at dinner the Duke of Gloucester sent a dish from his owne table to the Lord Riuers praying him to bee of good cheere all shoulde bee well ynough And hee thanked the Du e and prayed the messenger to beare it to his nephewe the Lord Richard with the same message for his comfort who bee thoughte hadde more neede of comforte as one to whome such aduersitie was strange But hymselfe hadde bin all hys dayes in vre therewith and therefore could beare it the better But for all thys comfortable curtesie of the Duke of Gloucester hee sente the Lorde Riuers The death of the L. Riuers and other and the Lorde Richarde with sir Thomas Vaughan into the North Countrey into dyuers places to prison and afterwarde all to Pomfraite where they were in conclusion beheaded In this wise the Duke of Gloucester tooke vpon hymselfe the order and gouernaunce of the yong Kyng whome with much honor humble reuerence hee conueyed vpwarde towarde the Citie But anone the tidyngs of thys matter came hastily to the Queene a little before the midnighte following and that in y e sorest wise that the King hir sonne was taken hir brother hir sonne and hir other friendes arrested and sent no man wist whither to bee done with GOD wot what With whyche tydyngs the Queene in greate flighte and heauinesse bewayling hyr childes raigne hir friendes mischance and hyr owne infortune damning the tyme that euer she disswaded the gathering of power about the King gate hir selfe in all the hast possible with hir yonger sonne and hir daughters out of the palace of Westminster in which she then lay into the Sanctuarie The Q taketh Sanctuary lodging hir selfe and hir coÌ„panie there in the Abbots place Nowe came there one in likewise not long after midnight fro the Lord Chamberlayne 〈◊〉 to the Archbyshoppe of Yorke then Chancellor of England to his place not farre from Westminster And for that hee shewed his seruauntes that he hadde tidings of so greate importaunce that his maister gaue him in charge not to forbeare his rest they letted not to wake hym nor hee to admitte this messenger into his beds 〈◊〉 Of whome hee hearde that these Dukes were gone backe with the Kings grace from Stonie Stratford vnto Northampton Notwithstanding Sir quoth hee my Lorde sendeth youre Lordshippe worde that there is no feare for â—…ee assureth you that all shall bee well I assure him quoth the Archebyshoppe be it as well as it vpoÌ„ â–ª it will neuer be so well as we haue seene it And therevpon by and by after the messenger departed he caused in all the hast all his seruauntes to bee called vp and so with hys owne househoâ—… about hym and euerye man weaponed he tooke the greate seale with hym and came yet before day vnto the Queene About whome he founde muche heauinesse rumble hast and businesse cariage and conueyance of hir stuffe into Sanctuarie chestes coffers packes fardels trussed all on mens backes no man vnoccupyed some lading some going some discharging some comming for more some breaking downe the walles to bring in the nexte way and some yet dâ—… to them that holp to carrrie a wrong way The Queene hir selfe sate alone 〈◊〉 on the rushes all desolate and dismayde whome the Archbyshop comforted in the best manner hee coulde shewyng hir that hee trusted the matter was nothyng so sore as she tooke it for And that hee was putte in good hope and out of feare by the message sent hym from the Lord Chamberlayne Ah wo worth him quoth she for he is one of them that laboureth to destroy 〈◊〉 my bloud Madame quoth he be yee of good cheers for I assure you if they Crowne anye other 〈◊〉 than youre sonne whome they nowe 〈◊〉 with them wee shall on the morrowe Crowne hys brother whome you haue heere with 〈◊〉 And heere is the greate scale whiche in lykewise as that noble Prince youre husband deliuered it vnto me so
fortresses of his Realme and stuffed them with such ordinance and munition as was thought expedient Priuiledges graunted to the vniuersitie of S. Androwes Hee graunted also sundrie priuiledges and great liberties to the vniuersitie of Saint Androwes to the high aduauncement thereof and was oftentymes himselfe present at theyr disputations taking great pleasure therein Suche as were knowne to bee learned men and were presented to him by the Vniuersitie he preferred to great benefices and other ecclesiastical lyuings styll as the same chaunced to bee vacant By suche meanes all maner of vertue and good learning encreased dayly through the realme during his time Organes brought into Scotlande and namely Musicke was had in great price which he appoynted to bee vsed in Churches with Organes the which before hys time were not muche knowne amongest the Scottish men A Parliament at Perth Much what about the same time there was a Parliament holden at Perth in the which Henrie Wardlaw Bishop of Saint Androwes in name of al the three estates there assembled Bishop Wardlaw inueyeth agaynst superstuous fate made a long and right pithie Oration to this effect that where by the highe policie and prudent diligence of the kings Maiestie there present iustice and all maner of due administratioÌ„ of lawes and good ordinances were so reuiued that nothing seemed to be ouerpassed that might aduaunce to the profite and coÌ„moditie of the common wealth yet was there one wicked vsage crept in of late increasing so fast that if speedie remedie were not bad in time all those commodities brought into the Realme by his comming shoulde be of small auaile and that was suche superfluous ryot in banketting cheare and numbers of costly dishes as were then taken vp and vsed after the English fashion both to the great hinderaunce of mans health and also to the vnprofitable wasting of their goodes and substance If the landable temperancie vsed amongest the Scottishe men in olde time were well considered nothing might appeare more contrary and repugnant thereto than that new kinde of gluttonie then vsed by receyuing more excesse of meates and drinkes than suffiseth to the nourishment of nature through prouocatioÌ„ of such daintie and delicate dishes confectioned sawces and deuised potions as were nowe brought in amongst them As for such gentlemeÌ„ as the king had brought with him forth of England they were worthie in deed to be cherished and had in high fauour neyther was this abuse to be so greatly imputed vnto them considering it was appropriate to their nation but the Scottishmen themselues were chiefly to be blamed that had so quickly yeelded to so great an inconuenience the enormitie whereof appeared by the sundrie vyces that followed of the same as excesse sensual lust slouth reif Vices following delicate fare and wasting of goodes For if temperancie be the nourisher of al vertue then muste the contrarie that is to say intemperancie be the bringer forth and prouoker of all vice If it might therfore please the kings highnesse to shewe his accustomed wisedome and prouidence in repressing this abuse of costly fare so much damageable to his people he shoulde do the thing that was meritorious before God and no lesse profitable necessary for the publike weale of all his subiects By these and many other the like perswasions Bishop Wardlaw vsed to disswade the king and his people from all superfluous courses of delicate dishes and surfetting bankets Order taken for suppressing of costly Fare Insomuch that euen then there was order taken that fewer dyshes and more spare dyet should be vsed through the Realme Vse of baked meates in Scotland when it began licencing Gentlemen only and that on festiuall dayes to be serued with Pies the vse of them not being knowne in Scotland tyll that season Neuerthelesse The greedie appetite of gluttons neuer satisfied such intemperancie is risen in processe of time following that the greedie appetite of gluttons in this age may be satisfied with no competent feeding till their bellies be so stuffed with immoderate gurmandice that they may vneth fetch breath through which their noysome surfetting they fall dayly into sundrie straunge and lothsome kindes of diseases being oftentimes killed by the same in their flourishing youth as by dayly experience plainly appeareth In the same yeare the .xvij. day of Iune A terrible Eclipse was a terrible Eclipse of the Sunne at three of the clocke at after noone the day being darkned ouer heade for the space of one halfe houre togither as though it had beene night and therevpon it was called the blacke houre At the next Lammas after the king raysed an armie and came with the same to Roxburgh Roxbourgh besieged besieging the Castell for the space of .xv. dayes togyther 〈…〉 He had in this armie as the report went the number of two hundred thousande men accounting caryage men and all other such as followed the campe yet notwithstanding all this huge multitude hauing wasted his powder and other munition before he coulde doe any great hurt to his enimies hee was constreyned to rayse hys fielde and leaue the Castell in the English mens handes as he found it Men of occupatioÌ„ brought into Scotland to instruct the Scottishmen therein After this King Iames perceyuing how the knowledge of handicraftes and manuall occupations was decayed in Scotlande through continuall exercise of warres sithe the dayes of Alexander the thirde to the further aduauncement of the common wealth and that his subiects might haue occasion to auoyde slouth and ydlenesse the roote of all mischiefe he brought a great number of cunning craftesmen out of Germanie â—…enesse the roote of all mischiefe France and other parties to instruct his people in theyr artes and faculties Paule Craw burnt Not long after one Paule Craw a Bohemian borne was burnt at Saint Androwes for preaching and setting forth the doctrine of Iohn Hus and Iohn Wikclife Iohn Fogo Iohn Fogo beeing one of them that helped chiefely to condemne him was made for his great and earnest diligence therein shewed Abbot of Melros The Abbay of Charturare Monks buyle besides Perth by K. Iames. About the same time was the Abbay of Charturare Monkes founded besydes Perth by king Iames with great cost and magnificence Also the Lord Scrope and other associat with him The Lorde Scrope Ambassador into Scotlande came in Ambassade from Henrie the sixte king of England The effect of whose message was to haue the auncient league betwixt the Scots and French men dissolued promising that if the Councell of Scotland would consent thereto The offer of the EnglishmeÌ„ to haue the Scots to ioyne with them in league and ioyne in league with the Englishe men that both the towne and Castell of Berwike with all the lands lying betwixt Tweed and the Recrosse as the Scots write shoulde be deliuered into the Scottish mens handes King Iames hauing small credite in suche
fayre promises perceyued the same to tende only to this ende that the league betwixt the French men and Scottes might be once clearly broken and then to vse the matter as occasion shoulde serue their turne This matter therefore being proponed before the Counsell it was concluded that in no wyse the sayde league betwixt the Frenche men and Scottes should be dissolued and so therevpon the English Ambassadors were dispatched without more talke concerning that matter In the same yeare that is to wit .1433 1433 George Erle of March arested and put in warde the king caused George Dunbar Earle of March sonne to that Erle which rebelled agaynst his father King Robert the thirde to be arested and put in safe keeping within the Castell of Edenbourgh He sent also the Earle of Angus with his Chauncellor William Creichtoun and Adam Hepborne of Hales to the Castell of Dunbar deliuering them letters signed with his hande and directed to the keepers of the sayde Castell that they should deliuer vp the house immediatly vpoÌ„ sight of those his letters vnto the bringers of the same The keepers durst not disobey his commaundement but suffered them to enter according to theyr commission A Parliament at Perth Within a tweluemonth after a Parliament was holden at Perth where the foresayd George Earle of March was disinherited of al his landes and liuings for his fathers offence committed agaynst king Robert the thirde The Erle of March disinherited Thus the house of the Dunbars lost the Erledome of March wherein the same had flourished so many yeares togither to the great defence and safegarde of the realme of Scotland on that side against both ciuill and forraine enimies The Erledome of Buchquhan giuen to George Dunbar The king yet moued with some pitie toward so noble a linage within short time after gaue the Erledome of Buchquban to the said George and after the Kings deceasse the Lordes of the Councell thinking the same to little assigned forth to him and to his sonne Patrike the summe of foure hundred markes yearely to be receyued out of a parcell of his owne auncient inheritance of the Erledome of March to enioy the same till Iames the second came to full age 1435 The death of Alexander Stewarde Earle of Mar. In the yeare .1435 Alexander Steward Erle of Mar departed out of this life This Alexander was a Bastard sonne of the Erle of Buchquhan that was one of the sonnes of king Robert the seconde He was a man of right singular prowes and in his youth following the warres was with Philip Duke of Burgoigne at the siege of Liege or Luik Leodiuâ—â— where he bare himselfe so manfully that few wanne the like honor at that iourney Not long after to his high aduauncement he got in mariage the Ladie Iacoba Countes of Hollande Notwithstanding he continued but a while with hir being enforced to forgo hir companie eyther for that she had an other husband either for that the inhabitants woulde not suffer a straunger to raigne ouer them After his returne into Scotlande he sent messengers into Hollande Warres betwixt the Erle of Mar and the Hollanders requyring to haue the issues and profites of such lands as were due vnto him in right of the sayde Countesse his wife but receyuing nought but a frowarde answere hee prouided him of shippes and made sore warres on the Hollanders by sea first being put to the worse but at length he tooke a nuÌ„ber of their ships laden with Marchandize as they were returning homewardes from Dantzicke Truce betwixt the Scots and Hollanders for terme of one hundred yere The Mariners were drowned and the ships burnt Through which losse the Hollanders being sore abashed fell to a composition wyth him and tooke truce with the Scottes for an hundred yeares This Earle of Mar so long as he lyued had the gouernaunce of the North partes of Scotlande vnder king Iames the first for he was a right prudent person aswell in warlike enterprises as in ciuill administration Stood Mares brought out of Hungarie into Scotlande for breede He brought forth of Hungarie sundrie great Horses and Mares for generation that by suche meanes the countrey might be prouided of great horses of their own race where til that time there was none bred within Scotland but smal nags more meet to serue for iourneying hackneis than for any seruice in the warres Not long before this time Ambassadors out of Denmarke there came an Ambassade from the King of Denmarke vnto king Iames requiring him to make payment of such yearely tribute as was due to the sayde king of Denmark being also king of Norway Their request for the westerne Iles according to the promise and agreement made by Alexander sometime king of Scotland the thirde of that name vnto his predecessor Magnus at that time king of Norway The Ambassadours that came with this message were honourably receyued and in like sort enterteyned by king Iames who at their departure gaue to theÌ„ sundry rich gifts and appointed sir William Creichtoun to goe with them into Denmarke Sir William Creighton sent into Denmark Ambassadour from him to the king there who vsed himselfe so sagely in this businesse which he thus went about that renuing the olde league betwixt the two Realmes of Denmarke and Scotlande Peace and amitie betwixt Scotland and Denmarke stedfast peace and assured amitie without any more ado thereof ensued Much what about the same time there came Ambassadors from the French king Charles the vij Ambassadours â—â—th of France not onely desiring to haue the olde league betwixt France and Scotland to be ratified at that present by a new confirmation The old league â—…erâ—…ed betwixt France and Scotland but also to confyrme the same with better assurance Margaret eldest daughter to King Iames at request of the sayde King Charles The Dolphin marieth Margaret daughter to K Iames. was giuen in mariage vnto Lewes the Dolphin and eldest sonne to the sayde king Charles Many great Lordes of Scotlande were appoynted to haue the conueyaunce of hir into Fraunce and great prouision of shippes made for that voyage English men â—… in awayte for the Scottish fleete bycause the king was aduertised that the English men had a fleete abrode on the seas to take hir if they might meete with hir by the way But as the hap fel it chaunced the same time as the Scottish shippes shoulde passe there appeared on the coast of England a great fleete of Spaniardes The English men encounter a fleet of Spaniardes which the English men supposing to be the Scots they came vpon them with lxxx vessels of one and other thinking verely to haue had theyr wished pray euen according to theyr expectation but beeing receyued with as hote a storme as they brought they quickly vnderstoode how they were in a wrong boxe and so shrewdly amazed as Hector Boetius hath they susteyned
in the way as the Earle shoulde passe they had cowched behinde a bullocke aboute two hundred of their prickers and had sente a fortie beside to searche where my Lorde was whome when they had found parte of them prickt very nye whom tenne or twelue of the Earles small company did boldly encouÌ„ter and droue them welnie home to their ambushe flying perchance not so much for feare as for falsehood to bring them within their daunger but hereby enformed that the Earle was so nye they sent out a bigger number and kept the rest more secret vpoÌ„ this purpose that they might eyther by a playne onset distresse him or else by feyning of flighte to haue trayned hym within daunger of theyr ambush and thus instruct they came pricking toward his Lordship apace why quoth he and will not these knaues bee ruled The manly courage of the Earle of Warwike Dandy Car. giue me my staffe the whiche then with so valiante a courage hee charged at one as it was thought Dandy Car a Captayne among theÌ„ that he did not only coÌ„pell Car to turne himselfe chased him aboue twelue score togyther al y e way at the speare poynte so y t if Cars horse had not bin exceeding good wyght his lordship had surely run hym throgh in this rase but also with his little band caused all the rest to flee amayne After whom as Henry Vane Henry Vane a gentlemaÌ„ of y e said erles one of this coÌ„panie did fiersly pursue .iiij. or .v. Scots sodenly turned set vpon him and though they did not altogether escape his hands free yet by hewyng mangling his head body many places else they did so cruelly intreat him as if reskue had not come the sooner they had slayn him outright Here was Barteuile run at sideling Barteuille burie hurt in the buttock one of y e EnglishmeÌ„ slain Of Scots again none slain but .iij. taken prisoners wherof one was Rich. Maxwel hurt in the thigh who had bin long in EnglaÌ„d not long before had receyued ryght many benefites both of the late kings liberality of the erle of Warwike of many other nobles geÌ„tlemeÌ„ in y e court beside But to coÌ„clude if the erle of Warwike had not thus valiantly encountred them ere they could haue warned their ambushe howe weakely he was garded he had bin beset rouÌ„d about by theÌ„ ere euer he could haue bin aware of theÌ„ Richard Maxwell 〈◊〉 or reskued of other where hereby his Lordship vndoubtedly shewed his wonted valure saued hys companye and discomfited the enimie As Barteuille the frenchman that day had right honestly serued so did the Lords right honorably quite it for y t Erle of Warwike did get him a surgeoÌ„ and drest he was streight after leyd and conueâ—â— in the Lorde Protectors owne chariot The rest that wer hurt wer here also drest Scots other The armye hauyng marched that same daye nine myles â—â— Nudâ—â— encamped at nyghte by a Towne standing on the Fryth called Lang Nuddrey The nexte morning beeyng Thurseday the eyghte of September in tyme of the dislodging of the Englishe Camp signe was made to some of the Shippes whereof the most part and chiefest lay a tenne or twelue miles in the Forth beyond vs ouer againste Lieth and Edenburgh that the Lorde Admirall should come a shore to speake with the Lorde Protector In the meane time somewhat earely as oure Galley was comming toward vs about a mile and more beyonde our camp the Scottes were very busie awafting heere a shore toward them with a banner of Sainte George that they had so to trayne them to come alande there but the Earle of Warwike soone disappoynted the policie for making towarde that place where the Lorde Admirall should come a shore the Englishmen on the water by the sighte of his presence did soone discerne their friendes from their foes The Lord Admirall herevpon came to land and riding backe with the Earle vnto the Lord Protector 〈◊〉 taken 〈◊〉 plaâ—â— of the â—â—ippes order was taken that the great Ships shoulde remoue from before Lieth and come to lye before Muskelburgh and the Scottish camp which lay there in field already assembled to resist the Englishe power that marched thus towards them The smaller vesselles that were vittaylers were appoynted to lye neerer to the army The Lord Admirall heerevpon being returned to the water and the armye marching onwarde a mile or two there appeared aloft on a hill that lay longwise East and West and on the South side of them vppon a sixe hundred of their horsemen prickers The Scottishe â—â—kers shewe themselues whereof some within a flight shoote directly againste the Englishmen shewed themselues vpon the same hill and more further off Towarde these ouer a small bridge that laye ouer a little riuer there very hardly did ride about a dosen hackbutters on horsebacke and held them at bay so nye to their noses that whether it were by the goodnesse of the same hackbutters or the badnesse of them the Scottes dyd not only not come downe to them but also very courteously gaue place and fledde to theyr fellowes The armye wente on but so muche the slowlyer bycause the way was somewhat narrowe by meanes of the Forth on the tone syde and certayne Marishes on the other The Scottes kept alwayes pace with them till there were shotte off two field peeces twice wherwith there was a man killed and the legge of one of their horses striken off which caused them to withdraw so that the Englishmen saw no more of them till they came to the place where they meante to encampe for there they shewed themselues agayne aloft on the fore remembred hill standing as it were to viewe and take muster of the armye but when the Lorde Gray made towardes them minding to knowe theyr commission they wisely went their way and woulde not once abyde the reasoning Little else was done that day but that George Ferrers one of the Duke of Somersettes Gentlemen and one of the commissioners of the cariages in the armye perceyuing where certayne Scottes were gote into a caue vnder the earth stopping some of the ventes Scottes smolthered in a caue and settyng fyre in the other smolthered them to death as was thought it could be none other by coniecture of the smoke breakyng forth at some of the other ventes The Englyshe Shippes also takyng theyr leaue from before Lieth with a score of shotte or more and as they came by salutyng the Scottes in theyr Camp also with as manye came and lay according to appoyntmente The armye hauyng marched thys day about a fyue myles Salt Preston encamped at Salt Preston by the Forth On Friday the ninth of September the English army lying in sight and view of the Scottish Camp that lay two myles or there aboutes from them hadde the Forth on the North and the hill last remembred on the
South the West ende whereof is called Fauxside Bray Fauxside Bray on the whiche standeth a sory Castell and halfe a score houses of lyke woorthynesse by it and hadde Westwarde before the Englishmen the Scottes lying in campe About a mile from the English Camp were the Scottes horsemen very busie pranking vp and downe and fayne woulde haue bin a counsell with the English mens doyngs who again bycause the Scottes seemed to sitte to receyue them dyd dyligently prepare that they myghte soone goe to them and therefore kepte within theyr Camp all that day On the English parte one Spanish Hackebutter hurt Englishmen taken and takeÌ„ sir Raufe Bulmer knight Thomas Gower Marshall of Berwike Robert Crouch all Captaines of seuerall bands of the Englishe light horsemen and men of ryghte good courage and approued seruice and at thys time distrest by their owne too muche forwardnesse and not by the enimies force To coÌ„clude of fifteene hundred horsemen for skirmishe and fiue C. footemen to lie close in ambushe and to be ready at neede which came that morning out of their camp there turned not home aboue seauen C. The Lorde Hume hurt with a fall in the chase and diuers of those sore hurt and among other the L. Hume himselfe for hast in the flight had a fall from his horse and burst so the canell bone of his necke that he was fayne to be caryed straight to Edinburgh and finally there departed this life of that hurt Then after this the L. Protector and the Earle of Warwike and other of the counsell with a small gard mounting vp the hill where the slaughter had bin made about halfe a mile Southeast from the Scottish campe tooke full viewe thereof the plotte where they laye so chosen for strengthe as in all theyr country some thought not a better saue on the South by a great Marish and on the North by the Forth whiche syde they fenced with two fielde peeces and certayne hackbuttes a crooke lying vnder a turfe walle Edenburgh on the West at their backes and Eastward betweene the Englishmen and them strongly defended by the course of a riuer called Eske running North into the Forth whiche as it was not very deepe of water so were the bankes of it so hygh and steepe as a small sort of resistants myghte haue bin able to keepe downe a great number of commers vp About a twelue score from the Forth ouer the same riuer is there a stone bridge which they did keepe also well garded with ordinance When the Lord Protector and the Earle of Warwike had viewed euery thing as they thoughte expedient they returned home towards their camp alongst before the camp of the enimies within lesse than two flighte shootes entring into a lane of thirtie foote broade fenced on eyther side with a wall of turfe an elle of heigth The Scottes did often shoote at them in the way as they passed thus homewards withoute hurt sauing the killing of an horse among three hundred the rider escaping else harmeles And as the Dukes grace was passed welnie halfe the way homewardes a Scottishe Herrault with a cote of his princes armes vpon him as the manner is and with him a Trumpetter ouertooke them The Herraulte declaring his message to the L. Protector preteÌ„ded to come from the gouernour to enquire of prisoners taken and therwith to proffer honest conditions of peace and after he had tolde his tale theÌ„ began the Trumpetter that sayde howe hee was sent from the Earle of Huntley My L. my maister saith he hath willed me to shewe your grace y t bycause this master may bee the sooner ended and with lesse hurt he will fight with your grace for the whole quarrel twentie to twentie ten to ten or else hymselfe alone with your grace man to man The Lorde Protector hauing kept with him the Lord Lieutenant had heard them both throughly and then in answering spake somwhat with louder voice than they had 〈◊〉 their messages wherevpon they that were the riuers by thinking that hys grace woulde haue it no 〈◊〉 were somewhat the holdeâ—… to come neerer the wordes whereof were vttered so expeditely with honor and so honorably with expedition that the standers by were moued to doubt whether they myghte rather note in them the promptnesse of a singular prudency â—â— Lorde â—â—tors 〈◊〉 or the boldnesse of a noble courage and they wer thus Your gouernour may know that the speciall cause of oure comming hither was not to fighte but for the thing that shoulde hee the weale both of vs and you for God wil take to recorde wee minde no more hurte to the Realme of Scotland than we doe to the Realm of England and therefore oure quarrell beeyng so good we trust God will prosper vs the better But as for peace hee hathe refused such conditions at oure handes as wee will neuer pâ—â—er agayne and therefore lette him looke for none tyll this way we make it and thou Trumpette saye to thy maister hee seemeth to lacke witte so to make thys challenge to me beyng of such estate by the sufferance of God as haue so weightie a charge of so pretious a iewell the gouernaunce of a Kings person and then the protection of all his Realmes whereby in thys case I haue no power of my selfe which if I had as I am true Gentleman it shoulde bee the firste bargayne I would make but there be a great sort among vs his equals to whome he mighte haue made thys chalenge without refusall The Earle of Warwikes 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 to the Earle of 〈◊〉 Quoth the Lorde Lieutenant to them both hee sheweth his small witte to make this chalenge to my Lorde grace and her so meane but if his grace will gyue more leaue I shall receyue it and Trumpette beyng me worde the master will so do and thou shalte haue of me an hundred Crownes Nay quoth my Lordes grace the Earle of Huntley is not 〈◊〉 estate with you my Lord but Herrault say to the gouernoure and hym also that wee haue 〈◊〉 good season in this Countrey and are heere now but with a sober company and they a great number and if they will meete vs in field they shall bee satisfyed with fighting ynough and Herrault bring mee word they will so doe and by 〈◊〉 honor I will giue thee a thousande Crownes Yee haue a proude sort among you but I trust to see youre paide abated shortely and of the Earle Huntleys 〈◊〉 â—â—â— hee glorious yong Gentleman This sayd the Earle of Warwike continued hys request that hee myghte receyue this chalenge but the Lorde Protector would in no wise graunt to it These messengers had their aunsweres and therewith leaue to depart The Scottes in middes of this messages doyng contrary to the 〈◊〉 of warm whiche as it graunteth safetie to Heraults and Trumpetters to passe betwixt army and army so during the 〈◊〉 of any suche message as this was hostilitie on both parts