West other Mountains prevented their sight and the exceeding Coldness prevented further Discovery and compelled them to a speedy return The same Gentleman at another time when he went to make what Discovery he could of the Countrey met with another sort of Indians who were Enemies to the Christians yet venturing amongst them and presenting them with some small Trifles of Glass and Metals found them very kind to him and would fain have obliged him to have setled amongst them by proposing a Match between him and their King's or some other Great Man's Daughter whom he should best fancy nor could he wave their Courtesie nor obtain leave to depart without a Promise of returning again within six Months And South-west from them he found a Nation differing in Government from all the other Indians that inhabit those Parts being rather Slaves than Subjects to their King who was a very grave Man and courteous to Strangers yet horrid barbarous in his Superstition that whilst this Gentleman was there he sent three Youths to kill as many young Women of their Enemies as they could meet withal to serve his Son who was then newly dead in the other World They were not long before they returned with Skins torn off the Head and Faces of several young Girls which they laid at the Feet of their King who received them as the most acceptable Presents CHARLES the Second by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. Whereas by Our Letters Patents bearing date the Twenty Fourth Day of March in the Five and Twentieth Year of Our Reign We were graciously pleased to give unto our right Trusty and right Well-beloved Couzen and Counsellor Edward Earl of Clarendon Our High Chancellour of England Our right Trusty right entirely Beloved Couzen Counsellour George Duke of Albemarl Master of Our Horse Our right Trusty and Well-beloved William now Earl of Craven Our right Trusty and Well-beloved Councellour Anthony Lord Chancellour of our Exchequer Our right Trusty and Well-beloved Counsellour Sir George Carteret Knight and Baronet Vice-Chamberlain of Our Houshold Our right Trusty and Well-beloved Sir John Colleton Knight and Barronet and Sir William Berkley Knight all that Territory Province or Tract of Ground called Carolina situate lying and being within our Dominions of America extending from the North end of that Island called Luke-Island which lyeth in the Southern Virginia Seas within six and thirty deg of Northern Latitude and to the West as far as the River of St. Matthias which Bordereth upon the Coast of Florida and within one and thirty deg of Southern Latitude and so West in a direct Line as far as the South Seas aforesaid Now know ye that We at the humble Request of the said Grantees in the aforesaid Letters Patents named and as a farther mark of Our particular Favour towards them We are graciously pleased to enlarge Our said Grant unto them according to the Bounds and Limits hereafter specified and in Favour to the Pious and Noble purpose of the said Edward Earl of Clarendon c. of Our especial Grace certain Knowledge and meer Motion have Given Granted and Confirmed and by this Our present Charter for Us Our Heirs and Successors do Give Grant and Confirm unto the said Edward Earl of Clarendon c. their Heirs and Assigns at that Province Territories or Tract of Land situate lying and being within Our Dominions of America aforesaid extending North and Eastward as far as the North end of Carah-Tuck River or Inlett upon a straight Westerly Line to Wianoacke Creek which lyeth within or about thirty six deg thirty min. of Northern Latitude and so West in a direct Line as far as the South-Seas and South and Westward as far as thirty nine deg inclusive Northern Latitude and so West in a direct Line as far as the South Seas together with all and singular Ports Harbours Bays Rivers and Islets belonging unto the Province and Territory aforesaid and also all the Soil Lands Fields Woods Mountains Fenns Lakes Rivers Bays Islets situated or being within the Bounds or Limits last before mentioned with the Fishing of all sorts of Fish Whales Sturgeons and all the Royal Fishes in the Seas Bays Islets and Rivers within the Premises and the Fish therein taken together the Royalty of the Sea upon the Coast within the Limits aforesaid And moreover all Veins Mines and Quarries as well discovered as not discovered of Gold Silver Gems and Precious Stones and all other whatsoever be it of Stones Marble or any other thing whatsoever found or to be found within the Province Territory Isles and Limits aforesaid And furthermore the Patronage and Advowsons of all the Churches and Chappels which as Christian Religion shall encrease within the Province Territory Isles Islets and Limits aforesaid shall happen hereaf-to be Erected together with Licence and Power to Build and Found Churches and Chappels and Oratories in convenient and fit places within the said Bounds and Limits and to cause them to be dedicated and consecrated according to the Ecclesiastical Laws of our Kingdom of England together with all and singular the like and as ample right Jurisdictions Priviledges Prerogatives Royalties Liberties Immunities and Franchises of what kind soever within the Territories Isles Islets and Limits aforesaid to have Use Exercise and enjoy the same as amply and fully and in as ample manner as any Bishop of Durham in our Kingdom of England ever heretofore had held used or enjoyed or of right ought or could have use or enjoy and them the said Edward Earl of Clarendon c. their Heirs and Assigns we do by these Presents for Us Our Heirs and Successors make create and constitute the true and absolute Lords and Proprietors of the said Province or Territory and of all other the Premisses saving always the Faith Allegiance and Sovereign Dominions due to Us Our Heirs and Successors for the same to have hold possess and enjoy the said Province Territories Isles Islets and all and singular of them the Premisses unto them the said Edward Earl of Clarendon c. their Heirs and Assigns for ever to be holden of Us Our Heirs and Successors as of our Manor of Eastgreen within Our County of Kent in free and common Soccage and not in Capite nor by by Knight-Service yielding and paying a parly to Us Our Heirs and Successors for the same a fourth part of all Gold and Silver Oâ—r which within the Limits hereby granted shall from time to time happen to be found over and beside the yearly Rent of twenty Marks and the fourth part of the Gold and Silver Oar in and by the said recited Letter Patents reserved and payable And that the Province or Territory hereby granted and described may be dignified with as large Titles and Priviledges as any other Part of our Dominions and Territories in that Region Know ye that We of our further Grace certain Knowledge and meer
plant there and called it New-Netherland but Sir Samuel Argal Governour of Virginia routed them after which they got leave of King James to put in there for Fresh-Water in their Passage to Brazile and did not offer to plant till a good while after the English were setled in the Countrey In 1664. His late Majesty King Charles the Second sent over four Commissioners to reduce the Colony into bounds that had been encroached upon by each other who marched with three hundred Red-Coats to Manhadees and took from the Dutch the chief Town then called New-Amsterdam now New-York and Aug. 29. turned out their Governour with a Silver Leg and all the rest but those who acknowledged Subjection to the King of England suffering them to enjoy their Houses and Estates as before Thirteen days after Sir Robert Car took the Fort and Town of Aurania now called Albany and twelve days after that the Fort and Town of Arasapha then Delaware-Castle manned with Dutch and Swedes so that now the English are Masters of three handsom Towns three strong Forts and a Castle without the loss of one man The first Governour of these Parts for the King of England was Colonel Nicols one of the Commissioners It is a Countrey of a rich and fertil Soyl It s Fertility well watered with Rivers as in Mary-Land already spoken of and is found to produce the same Beasts Birds Fish Fruits Commodities Trees c. and in as great plenty and it is reported that one Bushel of European Wheat has yielded an hundred in one year The most considerable Town is that of New-York It s Situation being well seated both for Trade Security and Pleasure in a small Isle called Manahatan regarding the Sea made so by Hudson's River which severeth it from Long-Island which said River is very commodious for Shipping being about two Leagues broad The Town is large containing about five hundred well-built Houses built with Dutch-Brick and the meanest not valued under one hundred Pounds to the landward it is encompassed with a Wall of good thickness and fortified at the entrance of the River so as to command any Ship which passeth that way by a Fort called James-Fort and for Civil Government it hath a Mayor Alderman Sheriff and Justices of the Peace for their Magistrates The Inhabitants are most English and Dutch who have a very considerable Trade with the Indians for the Skins of Elks Deer Bears c. also for those of Beaver Otter Racoon-skins with other rich Furs and are supplied with Venison and Fowl in the Winter and Fish in the Summer by the Indians at an easie price This Province formerly contained all that Land which is seated in the North part of America betwixt England and Mary-Land the length toward the North being not fully known the breadth is about 200 Miles The chief Rivers are Hudson-River Raritan River and Delaware-Bay and the principal Islands are the Manahatan-Island Long-Island and Stater-Island Manahatan-Island so called by the Indians lieth within land betwixt forty one and forty two Degrees of North Latitude and is in length about fourteen Miles and two broad New-York is seated on the west-West-end of this Island having a small Arm of the Sea which divides it from Long-Island on the South Long-Island runs Eastward above a hundred Miles and in some places eight twelve and fourteen Miles broad inhabited from one end to the other having a rich Soil for all English-Grain the Fruits Trees and Herbs very good in May you may see the Woods and Fields so richly bedecked with Roses and variety of other delightful Flowers as equal if not excel many Gardens in England This Country is also possessed with sundry sorts of People Its Inhabitants not much unlike the Indians of Virginia being well-proportioned swarthy black-haired very expert in their Bow and Arrows which are their chief Weapons of War they are very serviceable and courteous to the English being of a ready Wit and very apt to recieve Instruction from them but there are now but few Indians upon the Island being strangely decreased since the English first settled there for not long ago there were six Towns full of them which are now reduced to two Villages the rest being cut off by Wars among themselves or some raging mortal Diseases They live principally by Hunting Fowling and Fishing their Wives tilling the Land and planting the Corn they feed on Fish Fowl and Venison likewise Pol-cats Turtles Racoon and the like they build small moveable Tents which they remove three times a year chiefly quartering where they plant their Corn besides their Hunting and Fishing-Quarters Their principal Recreation are Foot-ball and Cards at which they will play away all they have except a Flap to cover their nakedness they are very great lovers of Strong-drink so that without they have enough to be drunk they care not to drink at all if their company be so great that they have not enough to make them all drunk they usually chuse so many as are proportionable to that quantity and the rest must be spectators if any happen to be drunk before he has taken his share which is ordinarily a quart of Brandy Rum or Strong-waters to shew their Justice they will pour the rest down his Throat in which debauches they often kill one another which the Friends of the dead revenge upon the Murtherer unless he purchase his Life with Money which is made of Periwinkle-shell both black and white strung like Beads They observe several Ceremonies in their Reigious Rites Their Religion and are said to Worship the Devil which usually they perform once or twice a Year unless upon some extraordinary occasion as the making of War or the like when their Corn is ripe which is usually about Michaelmas The day being appointed by their Chief Priest or Pawaw most of them go a Hunting for Venison when they are all assembled if the Priest wants Money he then tells them their God will accept no Offering but Money which the People believing every one gives according to his ability the Priest takes the Money and putting it into some Dishes sets them upon the top of their low flat-roofed Houses and so falls a calling upon their God to come and receive it which with many loud hollows and out-crys striking the ground with sticks and beating themselves is performed by the Priest and seconded by the People After being thus wearied a Devil by his conjuration appears amongst them sometimes in the shape of a Fowl a Beast or a Man which so amazeth the people that they dare not stir the Priest improves the opportunity and stepping out makes sure of the Money and then returns to lay the Spirit who is often gone before he comes back having taken some of the company along with him but if at such times any English come among them it puts a period to their proceedings and they will desire his absence saying Their God will not come till
Carpenters Their Trades Joyners Bricklayers Masons Plaisterers Plummers Smiths Glasiers Taylors Shoe-maker Butchers Bakers Brewers Glovers Tanners Felmongers Wheel-rights Mill-rights Ship-rights Boat-rights Rope-makers Sail-makers Block-makers Turners c. 6. There are two Markets every Week Their Markets and Fairs and two Fairs every Year In other places Markets also as at Chester and New-castle 7. Seven Ordinaries Their Ordinaries for the entertainment of Strangers and Workmen that are not House-keepers and a good Meal to be had for Six-pence Sterling 8. The Hours for Work Hours for Work and Meals to Labourers are fixt and known by ring of Bell. 9. After Nine at Night the Officers go the Rounds and no person without very good cause suffered to be at any Publick-house that is not a Lodger Hours for Lodgers 10. Though this Town seemed at first contrived for the Purchasers of the first hundred shares An Addition for Improvement each share consisting of 5000 Acres yet few going and that their absence might not check the Improvement of the Place and Strangers that flockt to us be thereby excluded I added that half of the Town that lies on the Skulkil that we might have room for present and after-comers that were not of that number and it hath already had great success to the Improvement of the place 11. Some Vessels Vessels built have been here built and many Boats and by that means a ready conveniency for passage for People and Goods 12. Divers Brickeries Divers Brickeries going on many Cellars already stoned or bricked and some Brick-Houses going up 13. The Town is well furnished what with convenient Mills Convenient Mills and what with their Garden-Plots the least half an Acre the Fish of the River and their Labour to the Country-man who begins to pay with the Provisions of his own growth they live comfortably 14. The Improvement It s Improvement of the place is best measured by the advance of value upon every man's Lot I will venture to say that the worst Lot in the Town without any improvement upon it is worth four times more than it was when it was laid out and the best forty and though it seems unequal that the absent should be thus benefited by the improvement of those upon the place especially when they have served no Office run no Hazard nor as yet defrayed any Publick Charge yet this Advantage doth certainly redound to them and whoever theyare they are great Debtors to the Country of which I shall now speak more at large Of Country-Settlement 1. We do settle in the way of Townships or Villages Their Settlements each of which contains 5000 Acres in square and at least ten Famlies the regulation of the Country being a Family to each 500 Acres some Townships have more where the interest of the People is less than that quantity which often falls out 2. Many that had right to more Land were at first covetous to have their whole quantity without regard to this way of settlement though by such Wilderness-Vacancies they had ruined the Country and their own Interest of course I had in my View Society Assistance easie Commerce Instruction of Youth Government of Peoples Manners Conveniency of Religious assembling Encouragement of Mechanicks distinct and beaten Roads and it was answered in all these respects I think to an universal content 3. Our Townships lie square generally the Village in the centre The Houses either opposite or else opposite to the middle betwixt two Houses over the way for nearer neighbourhood We have another method that through the Village be in the centre yet after a different manner five hundred Acres are alotted for the Village which among ten Families comes to fifty Acres each this lies square and on the outside of the Square stands the Houses and their fifty Acres running back whose ends meeting make the centre of the 500 Acres as they are to the whole Before the Doors of whole Houses lies the Highway and cross it every man's 450 Acres of Land that makes up his Complement of 500 so that the conveniency of Neighbourhood is made agreeable with that of the Land 4. I said nothing in my last of any number of Townships but there were at least Fifty settled before my leaving those Parts which was in the Month called August 1684. 5. I visited many of them and found them much advanced in their Improvements Houses over their heads and Garden-plots Coverts for their Cattle an encrease of Stock and several Enclosures in Corn especially the first Commerce And I may say of some poor men even to the beginnings of an Estate the difference of labouring for themselves and for others of an Inheritance and a Rack-Lease being never better understood The Product of the Earth 1. The Earth by Gods Blessing has more than answered our expectation The Earths Product the poorest places in our Judgement producing large Crops of Garden stuff and Grain and though our Ground has not generally the Symptoms of the fat Necks that lie upon Salt Waters in Provinces Southern of us our Grain is thought to excel and our Crops to be as large We have had the mark of the good Ground amongst us from thirty to sixty-fold of English Corn. 2. The Land requires less Seed three Pecks of Wheat sows an Acre a Bushel at most and some have had the encrease I have mentioned 3. Upon Trial we find that the Corn and Roots that grow in England thrive very well there as Wheat Barley Rye Oats Buck-Wheat Pease Beans Cabbages Turneps Carrots Parsneps Colliflowers Asparagus Onions Charlots Garlick and Irish Potatoes we have also the Spanish and very good Rice which do not grow here 4. Our Low-Lands are excellent for Rape and Hemp and Flax. A Trial hath been made and of the two last there is a considerable quantity dressed yearly 5. The Weeds of our Woods feed our Cattel to the Market as well as Dairy I have seen fat Bullocks brought thence to Market before Midsummer Our Swamps or Maarshes yield us course Hay for the Winter 6. English Grass-Seed takes well which will give us fatting Hay in time Of this I made an Experiment in my own Court-Yard upon Sand that was digg'd out of my Cellar with Seed that had lain in a Cask open to the Weather two Winters and a Summer I caus'd it to be sown in the beginning of the Month called April and a fortnight before Midsummer it was fit to mow it grew very thick but I ordered it to be fed being in the nature of a Grass-Plot on purpose to see if the Roots lay firm and though it had been meer Sand cast out of the Cellar but a year before the Seed took such Root and held the Earth so fast and fastened it self so well in the Earth that it held and fed like old English Ground I mention this to confute the Objections that lie against those Parts as if that First English
frozen Lakes which lie beyond Canada or from the uncultivated Earth which being for the most part covered with large shading Trees or from all those reasons together but certain it is much more moderate both in heat and cold than any other place that lies in the same Latitude December and January which are the coldest Months are much of the same temperature as the latter end of March or beginning of April in England which small Winter causes a Fall of the Leaf and doth as it were adopt the Country-Production of all the Grains and Fruit that grow with us in England as well as those that require a greater degree of heat so that the Apple the Pear the Plum the Quince the Apricock the Peach the Walnut the Mulberry and the Chesnut thrive very well in the same Garden with the Orange the Limon the Pomgranate the Figg and the Almond Nor is the Winter subject to Clouds and Fogs but the Rain though it fall often in the Winter Months usually comes in quick Showers and are no sooner past but the Sun presently shines out again The Summer is not so hot as in Virginia Climate which is chiefly occasioned as I said before from those Briezes which constantly rise about Eight of the Clock in the Morning and blow from the East till about Four in the Afternoon about which time it ceaseth and a North-wind riseth which blowing all Night keeps it exceeding fresh and cold Such as are seated near Marshy places are somewhat inclined to Agues but in other places 't is so exceeding healthy that in the first nine years there died but one of those Masters of Families that went over and he was seventy five years of Age before he came their insomuch that divers from the Bermudas removed thither though they could never be prevailed upon to forsake that for any other Countrey than Carolina where there is a fairer Prospect both of Health Pleasure and Profit than in any other place in all the West-Indies several persons who went out of England sickly and consumptive having presently upon their Arrival there recovered their health The Soyl is generally very fruitful It s Fertility and besides what is proper to the Climate produces good Wheat Rye Barley Oats and Pease Turnips Carrots Parsnips and Potatoes and near twenty sorts of Pulse which we have not in England so that our Garden-Bean is not regarded there Near the Sea the Trees The Trees are not very large but further up they are bigger and grow further asunder and so free from Under-wood than you may see near half a Mile between the Bodies of those Trees whose tops meeting make a pleasing shade without hindering the Grass Mirtle and other sweet-sented Shrubs from growing under them There grow besides the Cedar Cypress and the like the Oak Ash Elm Poplar Beech and all other useful Timber Their Woods likewise abound with Hares Squirrels Racoons Beasts and Cattel Conies and Deer which last are so plentiful that an Indian Hunter killed nine fat ones in a day and the considerable Planters have one of those Indian Hunters for less than twenty shillings a year who will find the Family consisting of thirty People with as much Venison and Fowl as they can well eat their Woods and Fields being likewise stored with great plenty of wild Turkeys Partridges Doves Paraquetes Pigeons Cranes and divers other Birds whose flesh is delicate Meat They have likewise plenty of Sheep and Hogs both which increase wonderfully there Carolina doth so well abound with Rivers Its Rivers that within fifty miles of the Sea you can scarcely place your self seven miles from one that is navigable and some of them are navigable for big Vesels above three hundred miles up into the Countrey Their Rivers and Brooks abound with great variety of excellent Fish and near the Sea with good Oysters in some whereof Pearls are often found The English have a perfect Friendship with the Natives and the Proprietors have taken care that no injustice shall be done them a particular Court of Judicature compos'd of the soberest and disinterested Persons being established by their order to determine all differences that shall happen between the English and them They are a People of a ready wit and though illiterate are generally found to be of a good understanding For their keeping an account of Time they make use of Hieroglyphicks and instruct their Children in such matters as relate to their Family and Countrey which is so preserved from one generation to another Where a Battel hath been fought or a Colony setled they raise a small Pyramid of Stones consisting of the number of the slain or those setled at the Colony and for Religious Rites as Sacrifices Burials and the like they make round Circles with Straws or Reeds by the differing placing whereof it is known for what it is made and to meddle with any of those Circles is accounted by them no better than Sacrilege They are generally well proportioned and so well affected to the English that they are ready upon all occasions to contribute their Assistance to them they are generally of a good and honest meaning being no ways addicted to Vice or any Extravagancies and always content themselves with a mean Diet and Apparel for their present subsistance without taking much care for the time to come They are much addicted to Mirth and Dancing and to Acts of Courage and Valour which they prefer above all other Virtues and are therefore almost continually engaged in War one Town or Village against another their Governments generally being of no greater extent and that side which Fortune crowns with Victory rejoyce with triumphant Jollities By which means several Nations have been in a manner quite destroyed since our first Settlement at Ashley River which keeps them so thin of People and so divided among themselves that were they less affected to the English yet they would have no reason to entertain the least apprehensions of Danger from them being already too strong for all the Indians that inhabit within five hundred miles of them if they were perfectly united which the Indians know so well that they will never adventure to fall out with them nor offer the least injury to any of thy English Nation They worship Their Worship one God as the creator of all things whom they call Okee and to whom their High Priest offers Sacrifice but believes he hath something else to do than to mind humane affairs which they fancy he commits to the Government of less Deities that is to good and evil Spirits to whom their inferior Priests make their Devotion and Sacrifices They believe the transmigration of Souls and when any of them die their Friends inter with their Corps Provisions and Houshold-stuff for their Elizium Shades which they imagine to be beyond the Mountains from the Indian Ocean They are very superititious in their Marriages and from a strange kind of Belief which
of whom brought Provision others Corn out of the Meadows upon Horses from hence we went up above the Falls where we crost that River again when I fell down-right Lame of my old Wounds received in the War but the apprehension of being killed by the Indians and what cruel death they would put me to soon frighted away my pain and I was very brisk again We had eleven Horses in that company which carried Burthens and the Women we travell'd up the River till night and then took up our Lodgings in a dismal place being laid on our Backs and staked down in which posture we lay many nights together the manner was our arms and legs being stretched out were staked fast down and a Cord put about our necks so that we could not possibly stir the first night being much tired I slept as comfortably as ever the next we lay in the Saquahog-Meadows our Provision was soon spent and whilst we were there the Indians went a Hunting and the English Army came out after us Then the Indians moved again dividing themselves and the Captives into many companies that the English might not follow their Track at night having crossed the River we met again at the place appointed the next day were passed it where we continued a long time which being about thirty Miles above Squag the Indians were quite out of fear of the English but much afraid of the Mo-hawks another sort of Indians Enemies to them In this place they built a strong Wigwam and had a great Daunce as they call'd it where it was concluded to burn three of us having provided Bark for that purpose of whom as I heard afterwards I was to be one Serjeant Plumpton another and the Wife of Benjamin Wait the third I knew not then who they were yet I understood so much of their Language that I perceived some were designed thereto that night I could not sleep for fear of the next day's work the Indians weary with dancing lay down and stept soundly The English were all loose whereupon I went out for Wood and mended the fire making a noise on purpose but none awaked I thought if any of the English should wake we might kill them all sleeping to which end I removed out of the way all the Guns and Hatchets but my heart failing I put all things where they were again The next day when they intended to burn us our Master and some others spoke for us and the evil was prevented at this time We lay here about three Weeks where I had a Shirt brought me to make one Indian said it should be made this way another a different way and a third this way whereupon I told them I would make it according to my chief Master's order upon this an Indian struck me on the face with his fist I suddenly rose in anger to return it again which raised a great Hubbub the Indians and English coming about me I was fain to humble my self to my Master which ended the matter Before I came to this place my three Masters were gone a Hunting and I was left with only one Indian all the company being upon a march who fell sick so that I was fain to carry his Gun and Hatchet whereby I had opportunity to have dispatched him but did not because the English Captives had engag'd the contrary to each other since if one should run away it would much endanger the remainder Whilst we were here Benjamin Stebbins going with some Indians to Wachuset Hills made his escape the tydings whereof caused us all to be called in and bound One of the Indians Captains and always our great Friend met me coming in and told me Stebbins was run away and the Indians spoke of burning us some were only for burning our fingers and then biting them off he said there would be a Court and all would speak their minds but he would speak last and declare That the Indian who suffered Stebbins to make his escape was only in fault and bid us not fear any hurt should happen to us and so it prov'd accordingly Whilst we lingered here-about Provision grew scarce one Bear 's Foot must serve five of us a whole day we began to eat Horse-flesh and devoured several Horses three only being left alive At this time the Indians had fallen upon Hadley where some of them being taken were released upon promise of meeting the English on such a Plain to make further Terms Captain Ashpalon was much for it but the Sachins of Wachuset when they came were against it yet were willing to meet the English only to fall upon and destroy them Ashpalon charged us English not to speak a word of this since mischief would come of it With these Indians from Wachuset there came above fourscore Squaws or Women and Children who reported the English had taken Vncas and all his Men and sent them beyond the Seas whereat they were much enraged asking us if it were true we deny'd it which made Ashpalon angry saying he would no more believe Englishmen They then examin'd every one apart and dealt worse with us for a time than before still Provision was scarce at length we came to a place called Squaro-Maug-River where we hoped to find Salmon but came too late this place I reckon two hundred Miles above Deer-field then we parted into two companies some went one way and some another we passed over a mighty Mountain being eight days in travelling of it though we marched very hard and had every day either Snow or Rain we observed that on this Mountain all the Water ran Northward Here we likewise wanted Provision at length we got over and came near a Lake where we staid a great while to make Canoes wherein to pass over Here I was frozen and here again we were like to starve all the Indians went a Hunting but could get nothing several days they Pawawed or Conjured but to no purpose then they desired the English to pray confessing they could do nothing and would have us try what the Englishmans God could do I prayed so did Serjeant Plumpton in another place the Indians reverently attending Morning and Night next day they killed some Bears then they would needs make us desire a Blessing and return Thanks at Meals but after a while they grew weary of it and the Sachim forbid us when I was frozen they were very cruel to me because I could not do as at other times When we came to the Lake we were again sadly streightned for Provision and forced to eat Touch-wood fried in Bear 's Grease at last we found a company of Racoons and then we made a Feast the Custom being that we must eat all I perceived I had too much for one time which an Indian that sate by observing bid me to slip away some to him under his Coat and he would hide it for me till another time this Indian as soon as he had got my meat stood up and