Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	let_v	line_n	perpendicular_a	1,964	5	14.8700	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26162	The faithfull surveyour discovering divers errours in land measuring, and showing how to measure all manner of ground, and to plot it, and to prove the shutting by the chain onely ... / by George Atwell.	Atwell, George.	1658 (1658)	Wing A4163; ESTC R24190	96,139	143

angle_n upon_o the_o same_o line_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o end_n of_o it_o and_o then_o make_v a_o new_a plot_n at_o home_n your_o own_o reason_n will_v direct_v you_o better_o than_o i_o can_v show_v it_o for_o it_o be_v easy_a perceive_v upon_o trial_n in_o the_o field_n then_o express_v by_o word_n or_o scheme_n but_o than_o you_o must_v lay_v down_o none_o but_o station-line_n and_o angle_n 3._o the_o most_o common_a help_v that_o surveyor_n use_n be_v to_o remove_v the_o paper_n near_o one_o end_n of_o the_o table_n and_o then_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o mouth-glue_a which_o they_o usual_o carry_v with_o they_o they_o glue_v on_o what_o paper_n they_o think_v they_o shall_v need_v and_o then_o fasten_v it_o down_o with_o the_o ruler_n again_o 4._o if_o your_o plain-table_n be_v also_o a_o pandoron_n or_o have_v a_o semicircle_n or_o a_o quadrant_n you_o may_v at_o any_o time_n either_o in_o this_o case_n or_o case_n of_o moist_a weather_n take_v off_o your_o paper_n and_o help_v yourself_o thereby_o as_o shall_v be_v show_v hereafter_o 5._o by_o the_o chain_n only_o and_o your_o field-book_n whereof_o also_o hereafter_o in_o its_o place_n eight_o before_o you_o begin_v you_o must_v know_v that_o both_o at_o the_o beginning_n and_o end_v of_o every_o station-line_n and_o every_o crook_n of_o the_o hedge_n both_o inward_a and_o outward_a you_o must_v measure_v the_o near_a distance_n between_o the_o station-line_n and_o the_o hedge_n for_o all_o breadth_n must_v cut_v the_o station-line_n squirewise_a and_o so_o make_v two_o right_a angle_n at_o the_o station-line_n and_o that_o be_v the_o best_a way_n and_o so_o do_v all_o the_o piece_n on_o the_o outside_n the_o station-line_n will_v be_v either_o rectangle_n triangle_n or_o else_o compound_v of_o a_o oblong_a and_o a_o rectangle_n triangle_n the_o area_n of_o both_o which_o be_v find_v by_o add_v the_o breadth_n at_o both_o end_n together_o and_o take_v ½_o of_o it_o for_o the_o common_a breadth_n which_o multiply_v by_o the_o whole_a length_n and_o you_o have_v the_o content_a and_o sometime_o your_o best_a way_n to_o find_v the_o short_a distance_n into_o a_o angle_n be_v to_o set_v up_o the_o table_n right_a in_o the_o station-line_n if_o stand_v at_o the_o fore-mark_a you_o see_v by_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o table_n the_o back_a mark_n and_o then_o stand_v at_o the_o back_a end_n you_o see_v the_o fore-mark_a then_o be_v you_o right_o in_o the_o line_n if_o now_o withal_o one_o or_o both_o of_o your_o other_o side_n look_v right_a into_o the_o angle_n then_o be_v you_o right_o and_o all_o these_o line_n must_v be_v enter_v into_o your_o field-book_n which_o fall_v perpendicular_a upon_o the_o station-line_n every_o one_o in_o their_o order_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o line_n and_o on_o the_o left_a side_n right_a against_o each_o of_o they_o their_o correspondent_a length_n how_o far_o each_o of_o they_o be_v off_o from_o the_o last_o station_n or_o else_o you_o may_v strike_v a_o station-line_n into_o the_o angle_n and_o so_o make_v scalenum_fw-la triangle_n but_o that_o be_v not_o so_o certain_a and_o ask_v more_o labour_n nine_o before_o you_o go_v forward_o you_o must_v propound_v to_o yourself_o a_o mark_n to_o go_v upon_o on_o the_o far_a side_n the_o ground_n or_o if_o it_o be_v quite_o beyond_o the_o ground_n though_o it_o be_v a_o mile_n it_o matter_n not_o so_o that_o stand_v at_o a_o you_o may_v see_v it_o clear_a from_o the_o hedge_n yet_o as_o near_o to_o the_o hedge_n as_o you_o can_v whether_o it_o be_v parallel_n or_o no_o care_v not_o if_o you_o can_v see_v no_o such_o mark_n neither_o near_o the_o further_a side_n nor_o beyond_o then_o either_o you_o must_v send_v one_o before_o to_o stick_v up_o a_o stick_n with_o a_o cloth_n or_o paper_n on_o it_o or_o to_o stand_v there_o till_o you_o come_v with_o some_o white_a before_o his_o breast_n and_o moreover_o see_v if_o you_o can_v see_v some_o other_o mark_n between_o he_o and_o you_o right_a in_o the_o same_o line_n be_v it_o either_o flower_n weed_z grass_n dung_n &c_n &c_n to_o be_v a_o guide_n for_o the_o foreman_n to_o keep_v he_o right_o in_o the_o line_n that_o carry_v the_o fore-end_n of_o the_o chain_n ten_o whereas_o you_o must_v have_v ten_o stick_n about_o a_o foot_n long_o apiece_o whittle_v and_o sharpen_v at_o the_o great_a end_n let_v two_o take_v the_o chain_n one_o at_o one_o end_n the_o other_o at_o the_o other_o let_v the_o former_a take_v the_o stick_n and_o let_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o lead_v straight_o in_o the_o line_n which_o for_o his_o guide_n therein_o he_o have_v these_o help_n first_o line_n he_o must_v always_o be_v right_a in_o the_o line_n with_o his_o two_o mark_n before_o he_o till_o he_o come_v at_o the_o first_o second_o after_o he_o be_v come_v at_o the_o first_o let_v he_o every_o time_n he_o stick_v down_o a_o stick_n look_v backward_o to_o set_v himself_o right_a in_o a_o line_n with_o those_o two_o and_o three_o if_o there_o be_v no_o middle-man_n let_v the_o hindmost_a stand_v at_o a_o guide_n the_o foremost_a right_n in_o a_o line_n to_o b_o and_o after_o the_o first_o chain_n length_n let_v the_o hindmost_a guide_n the_o foremost_a and_o the_o foremost_a the_o hindmost_a for_o if_o the_o hindmost_a see_v the_o foremost_a right_n in_o a_o line_n between_o he_o and_o b_o and_o the_o foremost_a see_v the_o hindmost_a right_n in_o the_o line_n between_o he_o and_o a_o then_o be_v they_o both_o in_o the_o right_a line_n between_o a_o and_o b._n then_o to_o go_v forward_o let_v the_o foreman_n take_v all_o the_o stick_n and_o tell_v they_o at_o the_o begin_n at_o each_o change_n and_o at_o the_o end_n for_o the_o most_o common_a mistake_n be_v the_o lose_n or_o mis-telling_a of_o a_o stick_n and_o carry_v all_o save_o one_o in_o his_o left_a hand_n and_o that_o one_o and_o the_o chain_n in_o his_o right_n and_o let_v he_o go_v on_o straight_o in_o his_o station-line_n not_o look_v behind_o he_o till_o he_o feel_v the_o chain_n check_v he_o then_o stick_v down_o that_o stick_n and_o away_o as_o fast_o you_o can_v run_v and_o as_o you_o go_v shift_v a_o other_o stick_n into_o the_o right_a hand_n ready_a to_o stick_v down_o again_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o hinder-man_n first_o hold_v the_o chain_n in_o his_o right_a hand_n at_o a_o let_v he_o look_v the_o chain_n be_v not_o tangle_v and_o away_o on_o till_o he_o come_v to_o the_o stick_n and_o then_o clap_v his_o ring_n of_o the_o chain_n to_o the_o foreside_n of_o the_o stick_n let_v he_o take_v it_o up_o with_o the_o same_o hand_n he_o carry_v the_o chain_n and_o away_o after_o his_o leader_n and_o when_o the_o stick_n be_v all_o run_v and_o that_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o at_o the_o end_n of_o that_o station-line_n let_v the_o foreman_n run_v one_o chain_n more_o hold_v still_o the_o ring_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o at_o the_o end_n thereof_o set_v his_o toe_n there_o stand_v still_o and_o let_v the_o hinder-man_n take_v up_o the_o ten_o stick_n and_o hold_v that_o still_o in_o one_o hand_n and_o the_o other_o nine_o in_o the_o other_o and_o deliver_v the_o nine_o to_o the_o foreman_n set_v his_o toe_n to_o the_o foreman_n then_o let_v the_o foreman_n tell_v the_o nine_o and_o if_o they_o be_v right_a away_o if_o not_o you_o must_v measure_v all_o that_o course_n again_o and_o seek_v the_o stick_n for_o you_o know_v not_o which_o of_o you_o lose_v it_o and_o so_o go_v to_o the_o end_n of_o that_o station-line_n or_o within_o so_o much_o of_o the_o end_n of_o it_o that_o you_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o set_v up_o the_o table_n and_o see_v to_o the_o further_a end_n of_o the_o next_o station-line_n as_o you_o do_v at_o a_o without_o any_o encumbrance_n which_o if_o you_o work_v by_o a_o diagonall_a scale_n may_v be_v in_o any_o place_n but_o if_o by_o a_o plain_a scale_n you_o have_v best_a to_o have_v it_o at_o some_o even_a pole_n and_o because_o by_o gunther_n chain_n of_o a_o hundred_o link_n which_o be_v the_o best_a way_n you_o work_v not_o by_o the_o diagonall_a scale_n by_o link_n but_o by_o the_o foot_n chain_n by_o the_o decimall_n scale_n and_o by_o pole_n and_o part_n of_o pole_n set_a that_o length_n in_o your_o notebook_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o line_n close_a by_o the_o line_n and_o a_o bright_a under_o a_o and_o on_o the_o right_a side_n the_o line_n write_v station_n then_o go_v on_o still_o in_o the_o say_a line_n till_o you_o come_v to_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o ground_n which_o in_o pasture_n will_v always_o be_v beyond_o the_o station_n but_o in_o wood_n short_a of_o it_o set_a down_o that_o length_n

have_v only_o speak_v speak_v of_o measure_v and_o plot_v of_o the_o station-line_n for_o as_o for_o measure_v cast_v up_o and_o plot_v of_o the_o outside_n that_o be_v the_o same_o as_o before_o serve_v as_o well_o to_o this_o as_o to_o the_o table_n and_o as_o for_o measure_v hilly-ground_n we_o have_v show_v before_o in_o chap._n 9_o that_o also_o may_v be_v measure_v by_o the_o chain_n alone_o save_v only_o any_o sorry_a board_n with_o one_o straight_a edge_n &_o it_o matter_n not_o great_o whether_o it_o have_v a_o straight_a edge_n or_o no._n if_o in_o measure_v the_o outside_n you_o go_v upon_o a_o station-line_n as_o in_o the_o line_n afg_v of_o the_o second_o close_a chap._n 3_o from_o which_o you_o desire_v to_o strike_v a_o perpendicular_a into_o a_o angle_n first_o ghuess_v at_o the_o place_n so_o near_o as_o you_o can_v where_o it_o will_v fall_v there_o set_v one_o of_o your_o counting-sticks_a set_v another_o 80_o link_n backward_o direct_o in_o the_o station-line_n another_o at_o 60_o from_o the_o first_o stick_n into_o the_o angle_n then_o let_v one_o hold_v one_o end_n of_o the_o chain_n at_o the_o stick_n that_o be_v set_v backward_o and_o the_o other_o at_o the_o stick_v set_v in_o the_o angle-line_n if_o they_o two_o meet_v just_a at_o the_o chain_n end_n i_o mean_v gunther_n chain_n of_o 100_o link_n then_o be_v it_o a_o true_a perpendicular_a into_o the_o angle_n if_o it_o fall_v short_a you_o be_v not_o far_o enough_o if_o go_v than_o you_o be_v too_o far_o if_o a_o ground_n be_v very_o large_a or_o bushy_a you_o may_v measure_v it_o on_o the_o outside_n like_o a_o wood_n or_o measure_v a_o chain_n length_n or_o two_o of_o each_o station-line_n and_o their_o subtendent_fw-la on_o the_o inside_n from_o the_o angle_n thus_o have_v we_o show_v you_o how_o to_o measure_v all_o manner_n of_o ground_n by_o the_o chain_n only_o for_o which_o i_o expect_v as_o much_o thanks_o at_o the_o instrument-maker_n hand_n as_o culpepper_n at_o the_o college_n of_o physician_n and_o indeed_o i_o be_v determine_v to_o have_v publish_v it_o above_o forty_o year_n ago_o have_v not_o mr._n allen_n and_o mr._n thomson_n dissuade_v i_o from_o it_o upon_o this_o reason_n that_o if_o ignorant_a people_n see_v the_o most_o famous_a artist_n go_v so_o to_o work_v they_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o judge_v that_o he_o that_o go_v with_o a_o plain_a pair_n of_o pole_n and_o a_o square_a board_n to_o set_v out_o a_o square_a withal_o be_v a_o better_a workman_n than_o he_o and_o indeed_o i_o can_v deny_v but_o that_o they_o judge_v according_a to_o their_o tool_n which_o they_o see_v rather_o than_o according_a to_o their_o skill_n they_o see_v not_o whereupon_o i_o have_v forbear_v till_o now_o consider_v i_o be_o even_o drop_v into_o my_o grave_n and_o consider_v that_o my_o saviour_n will_v not_o cease_v cast_v out_o devil_n because_o he_o be_v think_v to_o do_v it_o through_o beelzebub_n no_o more_o will_v i_o long_o forbear_v this_o it_o be_v so_o lawful_a and_o honest_a and_o beneficial_a to_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o true_o have_v i_o regard_v man_n saying_n i_o must_v have_v give_v over_o survey_v long_o ago_o or_o else_o to_o give_v over_o profession_n for_o that_o i_o be_v judge_v by_o no_o small_a fool_n to_o work_v by_o the_o devil_n for_o that_o i_o can_v tell_v a_o distance_n before_o i_o measure_v it_o chap_n xiii_o of_o take_v distance_n by_o the_o chain_n only_o although_o we_o have_v show_v the_o measure_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o land_n by_o the_o chain_n yet_o since_o we_o be_v speak_v of_o the_o use_n of_o it_o i_o hope_v you_o will_v not_o think_v your_o time_n ill-spent_a to_o read_v a_o lesson_n or_o two_o more_o that_o will_v be_v effect_v by_o it_o let_v there_o be_v two_o fort_n c_o and_o d_o of_o a_o good_a distance_n asunder_o beyond_o a_o river_n a_o mile_n or_o two_o broad_a to_o tell_v the_o just_a distance_n how_o far_o they_o be_v asunder_o how_o far_o each_o be_v from_o a_o and_o each_z from_o b_o and_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o river_n first_o i_o draw_v the_o line_n ab_fw-la 40_o pole_n a_o ten_o part_n at_o least_o of_o the_o great_a distance_n let_v it_o run_v parallel_n but_o straight_o by_o the_o river_n 9_o or_o 10_o pole_n off_o then_o from_o ai_fw-fr set_v out_o both_o backward_o from_o a_o to_o e_z direct_o backward_a in_o the_o station-line_n six_o pole_n and_o six_o from_o a_o to_o f_o in_o ac_fw-la line_n then_o e_z and_o f_o be_v four_o pole_n asunder_o also_o i_o measure_v from_o b_o to_z g_z and_o from_o b_o to_z h_z 6_o a_o piece_n and_o 6_o between_o they_o also_o and_o from_o a_o towards_o b_o and_o d_o 6_o piece_n and_o they_o be_v 4¾_n asunder_o and_o from_o b_o towards_o a_o and_o c_o 6_o apiece_o they_o will_v be_v 3½_n asunder_o but_o it_o be_v best_o to_o draw_v your_o station-line_n with_o a_o very_a small_a scale_n but_o set_v out_o your_o angle_n with_o a_o very_a great_a one_o then_o draw_v ad_fw-la and_o bd_o till_o they_o meet_v at_o d_o likewise_z ac_fw-la and_o bc_n till_o they_o meet_v at_o c_o and_o a_o right_a line_n from_o c_o to_o d_o for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o two_o fort_n and_o another_o from_o b_o to_o k_o for_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o river_n so_o shall_v you_o find_v all_o your_o desire_a distance_n of_o you_o see_v they_o set_v down_o upon_o their_o line_n your_o station-line_n ab_fw-la be_v your_o common_a scale_n viz._n 40_o pole_n for_o if_o you_o take_v that_o line_n with_o your_o compass_n look_v how_o oft_o you_o find_v that_o length_n in_o any_o of_o the_o other_o so_o many_o furlong_n or_o so_o many_o time_n forty_o pole_n be_v in_o that_o line_n and_o what_o be_v more_o take_v it_o with_o your_o compass_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n at_o a_o and_o the_o other_o forward_o in_o the_o say_a station-line_n or_o scale_n and_o it_o give_v the_o odd_a pole_n but_o if_o you_o will_v only_o take_v the_o breadth_n of_o the_o river_n kl_n observe_v a_o mark_n on_o the_o far_a bank_n as_o at_o k_o then_o in_o your_o station-line_n at_o 8_o pole_n long_o and_o 8_o from_o the_o river_n measure_v their_o distance_n and_o plot_v that_o triangle_n continue_v your_o cross-line_n towards_o your_o mark_n then_o lengthen_v your_o station-line_n to_o a_o four_o or_o five_o part_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o river_n thence_o also_o measure_v 8_o pole_n right_a towards_o the_o foresay_a mark_n and_o 8_o in_o the_o station-line_n backward_o measure_v their_o distance_n and_o plot_n it_o continue_v the_o mark-line_n till_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o other_o so_o your_o scale_n to_o both_o the_o other_o will_v be_v the_o station-line_n as_o afore_o chap._n xiiii_o to_o take_v the_o declination_n of_o any_o straight_a upright_a wall_n for_o dial_v by_o the_o chain_n only_o to_o do_v this_o you_o must_v find_v out_o a_o meridian-line_n by_o any_o of_o these_o way_n follow_v first_o set_v your_o back_n to_o the_o wall_n right_a under_o the_o plain_a where_o you_o will_v have_v the_o dial_n look_v by_o some_o true_a clock_n or_o watch_n just_a at_o noon_n where_o the_o sun_n be_v and_o set_v up_o two_o stick_n a_o pole_n or_o more_o asunder_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n between_o you_o and_o the_o sun_n then_o go_v to_o the_o further_a and_o look_v back_o to_o the_o wall_n and_o just_a in_o that_o line_n make_v a_o mark_n on_o the_o wall_n for_o there_o shall_v you_o plumm_v down_o your_o meridian-line_n of_o your_o dial_n but_o yet_o take_v not_o up_o your_o stick_n whereof_o let_v the_o further_a of_o they_o be_v 50_o link_n from_o the_o wall_n second_o if_o you_o neither_o have_v help_v of_o watch_n nor_o clock_n take_v a_o smooth_a board_n and_o lay_v it_o level_n stick_v upright_o a_o wire_n of_o 2_o or_o 3_o inch_n long_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o and_o about_o nine_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o morning_n lie_v the_o board_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o wall_n aforesaid_a mark_v where_o the_o shadow_n of_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wire_n fall_v there_o make_v a_o prick_n then_o take_v out_o your_o wire_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o your_o compass_n in_o that_o centre_n and_o open_v the_o other_o ●o_o the_o former_a prick_n and_o there_o draw_v a_o circle_n and_o then_o set_v up_o your_o wire_n upright_o as_o it_o stand_v before_o neither_o deep_a nor_o shallow_a then_o before_o you_o may_v apply_v a_o squire_n to_o it_o to_o see_v it_o stand_v upright_o or_o measure_n with_o your_o compass_n from_o the_o circle_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o wire_n if_o it_o be_v alike_o all_o 4_o way_n if_o it_o be_v right_a set_v up_o two_o stick_n right_a in_o a_o line_n between_o it_o

and_o nail_n their_o great_a end_n together_o within_o five_o or_o six_o inch_n of_o the_o top_n with_o one_o nail_n only_o that_o they_o may_v open_v and_o shut_v like_o a_o pair_n of_o tong_n also_o you_o shall_v take_v a_o joynd-stool_n and_o cushion_n and_o have_v put_v the_o neck_n upon_o the_o foot_n and_o the_o pandoron_n on_o the_o pin_n of_o the_o neck_n close_o the_o three_o foot_n together_o with_o your_o right-hand_a and_o lay_v they_o on_o the_o cushion_n and_o with_o your_o left_a hand_n under-set_a the_o neck_n with_o the_o tong_n open_v and_o shut_v they_o as_o need_n be_v or_o set_v they_o near_o or_o further_o from_o you_o as_o need_n be_v all_o with_o the_o same_o hand_n and_o turn_v it_o aslope_o with_o the_o right_a hand_n then_o have_v first_o place_v the_o sight_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o degree_n turn_v it_o till_o by_o the_o edge_n of_o both_o sight_n you_o see_v one_o of_o the_o star_n you_o desire_v then_o keep_v the_o table_n f●st_n there_o and_o move_v the_o sight_n till_o by_o they_o you_o see_v the_o other_o star_n &_o voti_fw-la compos_fw-la ●ris_fw-la chap._n xxi_o of_o take_v of_o altitude_n terrestrial_a by_o the_o quadrant_n there_o be_v divers_a way_n whereby_o these_o altitude_n may_v be_v discover_v whether_o they_o be_v perpendicular_a as_o proper_o they_o signify_v or_o hypotenuse_n or_o base_n for_o all_o of_o they_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o altitude_n because_o the_o base_n may_v be_v as_o well_o find_v by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o perpendicular_o as_o perpendicular_o by_o the_o help_n of_o base_n and_o any_o of_o these_o may_v be_v find_v several_a way_n by_o the_o pandoron_n either_o as_o it_o be_v a_o quadrant_n or_o as_o it_o be_v a_o geometrical_a quadrat_fw-la of_o either_o of_o which_o we_o will_v lay_v down_o some_o problem_n and_o first_o as_o it_o be_v a_o quadrant_n probl._n i._n a_o distance_n be_v give_v and_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o base_a to_o find_v a_o altitude_n measure_v the_o distance_n ac_fw-la 100l_n and_o the_o angle_n a_o 9_o deg●●_n 0_o min._n by_o your_o pandoron_n the_o compliment_n whereof_o be_v the_o angle_n b_o 60_o d._n 20._o n._n ergò_fw-la as_o fine_a abc_n 60_o d_o 20_o m._n 993898_o be_v to_o the_o line_n ad_fw-la 100l_n 230103_o so_o sine_fw-la bac_n 29_o d._n 40_o m._n 969496_o to_o cb_n 114_o 03._o 205700_o ii_o likewise_o the_o height_n cb_n give_v to_o find_v ac_fw-la the_o distance_n as_o bac_n 29_o deg_n 40_o min._n 969496_o be_v to_o cb_n 114_o 03._o 230103_o so_o b_o 60_o deg_n 20_o min._n 993898_o to_o ac_fw-la 200._o 230103_o to_o find_v either_o of_o they_o by_o the_o scale_n and_o compass_n have_v the_o angle_n a_o and_o distance_z ac_fw-la first_o draw_v the_o line_n ac_fw-la set_v from_o a_o towards_o c_o 200_o of_o some_o scale_n of_o equal_a part_n upon_o c_o erect_v a_o perpendicular_a and_o upon_o a_o make_v a_o angle_n of_o 29_o deg_n 40_o min._n which_o line_n will_v meet_v cb_n and_o you_o shall_v find_v cb_n 114_o feré_fw-la so_o measure_v the_o height_n cb_n and_o the_o angle_n b_o and_o plot_v it_o you_o shall_v have_v ac_fw-la 200._o iii_o the_o height_n bc_n and_o angle_v a_o be_v give_v to_o find_v the_o hypotenuse_n ab_fw-la as_o a_o 29_o deg_n 40_o min._n to_o bc_n the_o height_n 114_o 03_o so_o acb_n 90_o deg_n to_o ab_fw-la 230_o 17._o to_o find_v it_o by_o the_o scale_n draw_v the_o line_n ac_fw-la let_v it_o be_v 200_o of_o equal_a part_n upon_o c_o erect_v the_o perpendicular_a bc_n and_o on_o a_o make_v a_o angle_n of_o 29_o deg_n 40_o min._n so_o the_o hypotenuse_n ab_fw-la will_v be_v 230_o 17._o the_o part_n of_o the_o distance_n da_z in_o the_o same_o diagram_n be_v know_v to_o find_v dc_o or_o ac_fw-la let_v ad_fw-la or_o of_o be_v 90_o foot_n and_o i_o desire_v fg_n or_o dc_o but_o i_o can_v measure_v it_o for_o impediment_n therefore_o first_o take_v the_o angle_n of_o altitude_n b_o at_o both_o station_n a_o and_o d_o at_z a_z find_v a_o 29_o deg_n 40_o min._n so_o that_o the_o angle_n cba_n be_v 60_o deg_n 20_o min._n at_o diego_n find_v the_o same_o angle_n d_o 46_o deg_n and_o dbc_n 44_o deg_n subtract_v 44_o deg_n from_o 60_o deg_n 20_o min._n rest_v abdella_n 16_o deg_n 20_o min._n then_o say_v as_o fine_a abdella_n 16_o deg_n 20_o min._n to_o ad_fw-la 90_o foot_n so_o be_v bad_a 29_o deg_n 40_o min._n to_o db_v 158_o ●_o 10._o then_o again_o as_o 90_o to_o bd_o 158_o ●_o 10_o so_o be_v dbc_n 44_o deg_n to_o dc_o 110_o which_o add_v to_o 90_o ad_fw-la make_v ac_fw-la 200_o as_o afore_o by_o the_o scale_n thus_o draw_v the_o line_n ac_fw-la and_o ab_fw-la ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la make_v the_o angle_n 29_o deg_n 40_o min._n than_o set_v 90_o foot_n from_o a_o in_o the_o line_n ac_fw-la to_z d_o where_o you_o find_v the_o angle_n dbc_n to_o be_v 46_o deg_n because_o the_o angle_n cdb_n be_v 44_o for_o they_o be_v the_o compliment_v one_o of_o the_o other_o therefore_o plot_v the_o angle_n bdc_n and_o it_o will_v be_v 46_o deg_n and_o the_o bd_o 158_o 4●_n then_o from_o b_o let_v fall_v a_o perpendicular_a upon_o ac_fw-la and_o it_o cut_v it_o at_o c_o make_o dc_o 110_o and_o ac_fw-la 100l_n as_o before_o to_o let_v this_o perpendicular_a fall_n divide_v either_o ab_fw-la or_o db_fw-la into_o two_o equal_a part_n and_o with_o the_o compass_n at_o that_o wideness_n set_v one_o foot_n in_o the_o intersection_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o line_n dc_o at_o c_o and_o there_o fall_v the_o perpendicular_a bc_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n ac_fw-la likewise_o any_o part_n of_o the_o altitude_n be_v know_v the_o rest_n of_o it_o may_v be_v find_v by_o turn_v the_o height_n into_o the_o distance_n and_o the_o distance_n into_o the_o height_n second_o as_o sine_fw-la dcb_n 118_o deg_n vel_fw-la 62_o deg_n compar_fw-la 0054164_o to_o bd_o 600._o 2777974_o so_o sine_fw-la cbd_n 4_o deg_n 8843588_o to_o cd_o 47½_n the_o castle_n height_n 1675726_o but_o this_o will_v not_o be_v find_v very_o exact_o by_o plot_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o acute_a angle_n &_o the_o line_n run_v so_o far_o one_o in_o another_o especial_o ad_fw-la and_o bd_o that_o you_o can_v distinguish_v their_o intersection_n and_o thus_o also_o we_o have_v not_o only_o find_v the_o height_n of_o the_o castle_n 47½_n but_o also_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hill_n line_n by_o measure_v ab_fw-la 200_o a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o line_n and_o up_o a_o hill_n also_o for_o if_o you_o add_v bcd_v 118_o deg_n to_o cbd_v 4._o deg_n they_o make_v 122_o which_o subtract_v from_o 180_o deg_n rest_v 58_o deg_n the_o angle_n cdb_n then_o say_v as_o cbd_v 4_o deg_n compar_fw-la 1156416_o to_o cd_o 47½_n 1675726_o so_o cdb_v 58_o deg_n 9928420_o to_o bc_n 776_o 2._o 2760562_o which_o add_v to_o ab_fw-la 200_o give_v the_o whole_a line_n 976_o 2._o and_o now_o if_o you_o intend_v to_o begin_v your_o mine_n at_o b._n your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o go_v 10_o or_o 12_o foot_n first_o in_o bg_n line_n as_o you_o ghuess_v half_a the_o breadth_n of_o the_o fort_n to_o k_o and_o thence_o draw_v the_o line_n kl_n parallel_v to_o bc_n which_o two_o line_n be_v of_o equal_a length_n elem._n 1._o prop._n 26._o and_o then_o keep_v that_o line_n up_o to_o the_o top_n for_o that_o must_v be_v your_o line_n of_o direction_n that_o if_o by_o occasion_n of_o some_o rock_n or_o other_o impediment_n you_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v or_o sink_v or_o go_v sideways_o you_o may_v by_o help_n of_o this_o line_n draw_v on_o paper_n with_o a_o large_a scale_n keep_v account_n still_o how_o far_o you_o be_v go_v in_o the_o say_a line_n and_o by_o help_n of_o the_o quadrant_n at_o each_o station_n be_v able_a to_o plot_v how_o much_o you_o be_v above_o or_o below_o your_o line_n of_o direction_n and_o by_o help_n of_o your_o needle_n to_o find_v how_o far_o you_o be_v go_v sideways_o but_o your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o draw_v one_o line_n for_o ascent_n and_o descent_n and_o another_o for_o variation_n sideways_o beside_o your_o line_n of_o direction_n and_o it_o will_v not_o be_v labour_n in_o vain_a also_o beside_o both_o these_o line_n to_o set_v down_o in_o a_o notebook_n the_o inch_n raise_v by_o themselves_o above_o the_o line_n of_o direction_n and_o the_o fall_n by_o themselves_o that_o so_o you_o may_v subtract_v the_o sum_n of_o the_o lesser_a from_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o great_a just_a as_o in_o convey_v of_o water_n whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v anon_o likewise_o set_v down_o the_o variation_n on_o the_o right-hand_a by_o themselves_o and_o those_o on_o the_o left_a by_o themselves_o and_o against_o

come_v near_o to_o the_o truth_n and_o may_v indifferent_o serve_v in_o case_n of_o let_v because_o it_o always_o be_v a_o little_a under_o the_o length_n as_o will_v easy_o appear_v in_o this_o diagram_n if_o a_o hill_n run_v straight_o along_o a_o ground_n if_o by_o one_o side_n it_o will_v be_v a_o mere_a decline_a level_n if_o through_o the_o middle_n it_o will_v be_v two_o decline_a level_v and_o that_o line_n so_o run_v along_o the_o top_n will_v be_v a_o line_n of_o level_n and_o equal_a to_o the_o line_n of_o level_n under_o it_o therefore_o if_o you_o add_v both_o end_n together_o as_o you_o measure_v they_o by_o the_o chain_n and_o multiply_v half_a of_o they_o by_o the_o length_n of_o that_o line_n you_o have_v the_o content_n if_o it_o be_v of_o equal_a height_n at_o both_o end_n but_o if_o it_o be_v unequal_a at_o both_o end_n though_o it_o be_v a_o decline_a level_n and_o have_v more_o than_o three_o angle_n your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o part_v it_o in_o several_a triangle_n who_o hypotenuse_n and_o perpendicular_o you_o may_v find_v by_o either_o of_o the_o two_o former_a way_n without_o measure_v they_o by_o the_o chain_n three_o if_o you_o have_v no_o quadrant_n nor_o plain-table_n at_o all_o save_v only_o the_o chain_n and_o any_o board_n of_o a_o foot_n or_o 14_o inch_n long_o with_o one_o straight_a edge_n of_o ten_o or_o eleven_o inch_n broad_a draw_v a_o straight_a line_n close_o and_o parallel_v to_o that_o side_n and_o near_o one_o end_n thereof_o stick_v a_o pin_n in_o the_o line_n with_o thread_n and_o plummet_n hang_v on_o it_o then_o if_o you_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hill_n and_o look_v upward_o turn_v that_o end_n with_o the_o plummet_n from_o you_o but_o if_o you_o be_v at_o the_o top_n turn_v it_o towards_o you_o and_o as_o you_o espy_v the_o mark_n let_v a_o slander_n by_o on_o that_o side_n the_o plummet_n be_v on_o lay_v his_o hand_n gentle_o on_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o board_n and_o with_o his_o thumb_n press_v down_o the_o thread_n there_o hold_v it_o till_o you_o have_v make_v a_o prick_n right_n under_o it_o in_o a_o good_a large_a tran_v first_o draw_v with_o 60_o of_o some_o large_a scale_n of_o chord_n who_o centre_n shall_v be_v the_o hole_n where_o the_o pin_n stick_v then_o take_v with_o your_o compass_n the_o distance_n between_o the_o say_a prick_n in_o the_o say_a tran_v and_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o say_a tran_v and_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o same_o scale_n of_o chord_n you_o draw_v the_o tran_v by_o it_o give_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o angle_n ascend_v viz._n the_o degree_n of_o the_o angle_n descend_v but_o if_o you_o be_v at_o the_o top_n and_o look_v downward_o it_o give_v the_o compliment_n of_o the_o top-angle_n and_o degree_n of_o the_o bottom_n ascend_v but_o if_o you_o will_v but_o erect_v a_o perpendicular_a upon_o the_o same_o centre_n and_o take_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o prick_n and_o it_o it_o give_v the_o contrary_a chap._n x._o of_o reduce_v a_o plot_n from_o a_o great_a to_o a_o lesser_a although_o there_o be_v several_a way_n of_o perform_v this_o as_o likewise_o of_o a_o lesser_a to_o a_o great_a whereof_o there_o be_v great_a use_n in_o turn_v statute-measure_n into_o the_o eighteen-foot_n pole_n etc._n etc._n we_o will_v lay_v down_o only_o this_o one_o general_a rule_n or_o second_o if_o you_o desire_v a_o plot_n equal_a to_o another_o you_o may_v oil_n a_o paper_n dry_a it_o well_o then_o put_v it_o over_o the_o other_o plot_n that_o it_o stir_v not_o through_o which_o you_o may_v see_v the_o line_n on_o the_o nether_a plot_n then_o draw_v they_o with_o your_o pen_n on_o the_o oil_a paper_n then_o take_v it_o off_o to_o prick_v it_o then_o pounch_v a_o new_a paper_n &_o draw_v it_o or_o three_o have_v draw_v a_o line_n represent_v ab_fw-la in_o your_o new_a plot_n take_v the_o line_n ab_fw-la off_o the_o old_a either_o all_o or_o ½_o or_o according_a to_o your_o desire_a proportion_n &_o set_v it_o on_o the_o new_a also_o take_v the_o proportion_n of_o the_o line_n ae_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o a_o and_o tran_v where_o you_o think_v e_z will_v fall_v in_o your_o new_a take_v also_o the_o like_a proportion_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o be_v and_o set_v in_o the_o say_a tran_v and_o so_o you_o have_v e_z the_o same_o 2_o distance_n will_v set_v out_o d_o also_o d_o and_o b_o will_v set_v out_o c_z and_o so_o you_o have_v all_o your_o angle_n then_o draw_v their_o line_n and_o you_o have_v your_o plot_n desire_v chap._n xi_o of_o measure_v pasture-ground_n by_o the_o chain_n only_o and_o that_o as_o speedy_o and_o exact_o as_o with_o any_o instrument_n whatsoever_o and_o with_o less_o help_n though_o in_o misty_a weather_n &_o to_o plot_n shut_v and_o prove_v the_o plot_n thereby_o also_o about_o the_o midst_n of_o one_o of_o your_o long_a station-line_n and_o some_o know_a length_n in_o the_o same_o as_o at_o x_o in_o the_o first_o or_o three_o close_a chap_n 3_o pag._n 2d_o set_v up_o a_o mark_n and_o mark_v it_o in_o your_o book_n both_o with_o its_o proper_a length_n &_o letter_n then_o have_v measure_v round_o about_o the_o ground_n on_o the_o inside_n or_o at_o least_o all_o but_o the_o last_o side_n if_o you_o have_v more_o than_o three_o angle_n in_o stead_n of_o measure_v it_o from_o angle_n to_o angle_v viz_o in_o the_o first_o close_n from_o a_o to_o c_o or_o from_o b_o to_z d_o you_o shall_v measure_v from_o c_o to_o x_o and_o from_o x_o to_o d_o so_o make_v a_o triangle_n the_o more_o than_o otherwise_o which_o two_o subtende●ts_n will_v easy_o be_v run_v while_o you_o can_v set_v up_o the_o table_n once_o so_o you_o shall_v need_v less_o help_n by_o one_o to_o carry_v your_o table_n for_o that_o be_v whole_o one_o body_n work_v and_o these_o two_o subtendent_o must_v be_v set_v down_o at_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o your_o note_n of_o that_o close_a in_o your_o field-book_n then_o if_o you_o measure_v the_o last_o side_n ad_fw-la have_v plot_v the_o rest_n if_o that_o ad_fw-la on_o the_o ground_n and_o ad_fw-la on_o the_o plot_n agree_v all_o be_v right_a neither_o ever_o need_v you_o divide_v any_o more_o line_n than_o one_o in_o the_o whole_a ground_n or_o close_v throughout_o so_o that_o at_o least_o none_o of_o the_o station_n line_n strike_v outward_a for_o than_o it_o must_v be_v account_v as_o another_o close_a so_o much_o of_o it_o till_o the_o last_o line_n that_o strike_v inward_a be_v continue_v straight_o out_o do_v meet_v with_o the_o other_o plot_n again_o see_v more_o chap._n three_o now_o to_o plot_v such_o a_o ground_n measure_v by_o the_o chain_n only_o suppose_v it_o be_v the_o say_v first_o close_o chap_n third_z first_o i_o draw_v the_o line_n axb_n make_v a_o mark_n at_o x_o and_o another_o at_o b_o second_o you_o must_v either_o take_v the_o subtendent_a xc_o set_v one_o foot_n of_o the_o compass_n in_o x_o &_o tran_v where_o you_o think_v c_o will_v fal●_n or_o else_o take_v the_o station-line_n bc_n with_o your_o compass_n and_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o b_o tran_v at_o c_o and_o than_o take_v the_o other_o of_o these_o two_o last_o line_n viz._n xc_o set_v one_o foot_n on_o its_o proper_a mark_n x_o and_o with_o the_o other_o make_v a_o prick_n in_o the_o say_a tran_v and_o so_o have_v you_o place_v c_o in_o his_o right_a place_n then_o draw_v the_o line_n bc_n next_o take_v cd_o with_o your_o compass_n set_v one_o foot_n in_o c_o and_o tran_v where_o you_o think_v d_o will_v fall_v then_o take_v the_o subtendent_fw-la dx_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o x_o and_o make_v a_o prick_n in_o the_o say_a tran_v and_o that_o set_v out_o d_o then_o draw_v the_o line_n cd_o and_o because_o d_o be_v your_o last_o station_n and_o that_o a_o and_o d_o be_v both_o set_v out_o already_o therefore_o draw_v also_o the_o line_n ad_fw-la now_o if_o ad_fw-la on_o the_o plot_n and_o ad_fw-la in_o your_o book_n agree_v than_o all_o be_v right_a else_o not_o so_o that_o in_o this_o kind_n of_o plot_v there_o be_v only_o these_o three_o positure_n first_o draw_v a_o station-line_n second_o tran_v with_o a_o subtendent_fw-la three_o prick_v with_o the_o next_o station_n line_n nevertheless_o in_o great_a large_a plot_n it_o will_v be_v needful_a to_o use_v a_o good_a large_a pair_n of_o compass_n because_o you_o must_v take_v the_o whole_a length_n of_o your_o line_n with_o they_o in_o which_o case_n a_o pair_n of_o beam-compass_n with_o a_o beam_n of_o deal_n willow_n or_o sallow_a or_o some_o such_o soft_a wood_n be_v best_a of_o all_o of_o 17_o or_o 18_o inch_n long_o with_o a_o piece_n of_o a_o

awl-point_n near_o one_o end_n and_o a_o slide_a button_n to_o be_v move_v pretty_a and_o stiff_o up_o and_o down_o and_o to_o be_v stay_v with_o a_o screw-pin_n or_o wedge_n at_o any_o distance_n with_o a_o other_o short_a point_n in_o the_o end_n thereof_o now_o we_o will_v show_v you_o how_o to_o continue_v your_o plot_n out_o of_o one_o ground_n into_o another_o that_o so_o you_o may_v lay_v all_o the_o ground_n of_o a_o lordship_n together_o in_o one_o entire_a plot_n by_o the_o chain_n only_o and_o that_o we_o will_v do_v by_o several_a rule_n for_o the_o understanding_n thereof_o we_o will_v refer_v you_o to_o the_o plot_n in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o three_o chapter_n as_o also_o in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o book_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o consist_v in_o four_o rule_n in_o the_o obtain_n the_o first_o station_n line_n in_o the_o close_a which_o you_o go_v unto_o as_o for_o example_n first_o suppose_v i_o will_v go_v out_o of_o the_o first_o close_n at_o a_o and_o will_v plot_v the_o station-line_n agnostus_n now_o because_o in_o plot_v these_o kind_n of_o ground_n you_o must_v always_o reduce_v all_o into_o triangle_n therefore_o stand_v at_o a_o you_o may_v measure_v two_o chain_n length_n in_o the_o line_n of_o or_o agnostus_n likewise_o two_o chain_n backward_o from_o a_o towards_o b_o in_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la in_o the_o first_o close_a then_o measure_v the_o distance_n between_o those_o two_o length_n and_o plot_v they_o after_o this_o manner_n first_o your_o best_a way_n be_v though_o you_o have_v measure_v but_o two_o chain_n length_n a_o piece_n yet_o in_o stead_n of_o two_o take_v the_o double_a if_o the_o station-line_n be_v long_o you_o may_v treble_v that_o distance_n set_v one_o foot_n in_o a_o and_o extend_v the_o other_o towards_o b_o there_o make_v a_o prick_n in_o that_o line_n and_o tran_v from_o thence_o with_o that_o wideness_n where_o you_o think_v the_o line_n of_o or_o agnostus_n will_v fall_v then_o look_v what_o the_o distance_n be_v between_o the_o two_o line_n at_o the_o end_n of_o your_o two_o chain_n a_o piece_n if_o double_v before_o then_o double_a again_o that_o distance_n upon_o your_o scale_n and_o set_v it_o in_o the_o tran_v from_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la in_o the_o first_o close_n to_o the_o line_n of_o in_o the_o second_o and_o draw_v the_o line_n afg_v through_o that_o prick_n ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la thus_o have_v you_o get_v a_o line_n in_o the_o second_o close_a by_o help_n of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la which_o in_o this_o kind_n you_o must_v always_o take_v viz._n that_o station-line_n whereof_o the_o whole_a or_o part_n belong_v to_o both_o the_o close_n but_o because_o in_o this_o case_n you_o must_v always_o mete_v through_o the_o hedge_n from_o the_o two_o chain_n of_o one_o close_a to_o the_o two_o chain_n of_o the_o other_o therefore_o to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n of_o cut_v a_o hole_n through_o the_o hedge_n if_o there_o be_v ever_o a_o gap_n gate_n or_o style_v near_o unto_o those_o length_n you_o may_v take_v more_o or_o less_o of_o those_o two_o line_n as_o you_o please_v now_o because_o here_o be_v a_o gap_n at_o two_o chain_n and_o a_o half_a from_o a_o in_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la you_o may_v measure_v two_o chain_n and_o a_o half_a of_o either_o of_o they_o or_o two_o and_o a_o half_a in_o that_o and_o three_o in_o the_o other_o as_o you_o please_v and_o measure_v the_o distance_n upon_o the_o ground_n between_o those_o two_o prick_n than_o you_o may_v double_v all_o three_o distance_n upon_o your_o scale_n as_o afore_o and_o set_v out_o the_o proper_a distance_n between_o those_o two_o prick_n as_o afore_o and_o then_o draw_v your_o line_n agnostus_n upon_o your_o plot_n in_o the_o second_o close_a but_o three_o because_o we_o have_v measure_v the_o distance_n between_o a_o and_o x_o in_o the_o first_o line_n which_o be_v one_o side_n of_o the_o triangle_n of_o that_o second_o close_a and_o likewise_o have_v measure_v from_o a_o to_o g_o on_o the_o second_o side_n and_o have_v a_o gap_n also_o at_o x_o therefore_o if_o you_o measure_v gx_n you_o will_v have_v all_o the_o side_n of_o that_o great_a triangle_n which_o you_o may_v use_v as_o aforesaid_a first_o you_o have_v the_o line_n axe_n already_o place_v second_o take_v the_o length_n of_o agnostus_n with_o your_o compass_n upon_o your_o scale_n and_o with_o that_o wideness_n set_v one_o foot_n in_o a_o and_o tran_v where_o you_o think_v g_o will_v fall_v do_v likewise_o with_o the_o line_n gx_n take_v also_o upon_o your_o scale_n set_v one_o foot_n at_o x_o and_o the_o other_o be_v the_o foresay_a tran_v and_o there_o be_v your_o centre_n g._n and_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n may_v you_o go_v out_o of_o that_o close_a into_o the_o great_a close_a from_o g_o by_o help_n of_o the_o line_n ag._n now_o have_v the_o line_n of_o or_o agnostus_n you_o may_v easy_o set_v out_o the_o triangle_n afe_n as_o you_o do_v axg._n likewise_o you_o set_v out_o the_o triangle_n that_o be_v between_o the_o the_o line_n xg_n and_o the_o hedge_n between_o the_o two_o close_n only_o by_o the_o distance_n of_o g_z to_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o great_a close_a a_o second_o way_n of_o go_v out_o of_o one_o close_a into_o another_o be_v when_o i_o have_v a_o station_n near_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o station-line_n and_o that_o there_o i_o will_v go_v into_o another_o close_a for_o example_n suppose_v i_o will_v go_v out_o of_o the_o great_a close_a into_o the_o first_o close_n right_o against_o the_o station-line_n bc_n in_o the_o first_o from_o l_o in_o the_o station-line_n of_o k_o then_o when_o you_o come_v right_a against_o bc_n the_o station_n line_n lengthen_v that_o line_n bc_n backward_o into_o the_o great_a close_a from_o l_o to_o m_o two_o chain_n length_n measure_v also_o two_o chain_n length_n in_o the_o station-line_n ik_fw-mi and_o measure_v two_o chain_n length_n from_o l_o to_z i_o back_o again_o and_o measure_v the_o distance_n between_o two_o chain_n of_o the_o one_o and_o two_o chain_n of_o the_o other_o and_o that_o give_v you_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o angle_n kbc_n then_o from_o the_o line_n lk_n you_o may_v take_v from_o your_o scale_n four_o chain_n length_n and_o you_o may_v tran_v from_o the_o line_n kl_n towards_o the_o line_n lc_n or_o bc_n with_o one_o foot_n set_v in_o l_o and_o double_a the_o distance_n of_o the_o two_o prick_n in_o the_o other_o close_o and_o take_v that_o with_o your_o compass_n and_o set_v from_o the_o line_n lk_n to_o the_o lc_n and_o where_o it_o fall_v draw_v the_o line_n lc_n ad_fw-la infinitum_fw-la after_o the_o same_o manner_n may_v you_o have_v draw_v a_o line_n by_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o hedge_n by_o bc_n or_o lc_n also_o so_o may_v you_o at_o x_o in_o the_o first_o close_o have_v go_v either_o into_o the_o great_a close_a or_o into_o the_o little_a close_a by_o draw_v a_o station-line_n on_o which_o side_n of_o the_o hedge_n you_o will_n a_o three_o way_n be_v by_o continuation_n of_o such_o a_o station-line_n as_o shoot_v upon_o the_o corner_n of_o a_o close_a and_o thus_o suppose_v you_o will_v go_v out_o of_o the_o great_a close_a into_o the_o little_a close_a at_o k_o if_o you_o have_v but_o continue_v your_o line_n lk_v to_o a_o and_o this_o be_v the_o easy_a way_n of_o all_o a_o four_o way_n if_o on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o hedge_n ak_v there_o be_v a_o spinny_a wood_n of_o two_o or_o three_o pole_n broad_a all_o along_o by_o the_o side_n thereof_o and_o that_o you_o desire_v to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o first_o close_n into_o that_o little_a close_a but_o there_o be_v no_o gap_n save_v only_o you_o can_v strike_v a_o squire-line_n from_o the_o station-line_n ab_fw-la at_o either_o end_n of_o a_o &_o k_o then_o may_v you_o both_o at_o a_o and_o at_o x_o erect_v a_o perpendicular_a into_o the_o first_o close_a ward_n and_o then_o may_v you_o continue_v those_o two_o perpendicular_o so_o far_o as_o you_o shall_v need_v they_o till_o you_o be_v free_a from_o the_o spinny_n and_o may_v draw_v a_o line_n from_o one_o to_o the_o other_o by_o the_o spinny_a side_n and_o true_o plot_v out_o either_o perpendicular_a from_o the_o last_o station-line_n chap._n xii_o to_o measure_v a_o wood_n by_o the_o chain_n only_o because_o a_o wood_n can_v be_v measure_v on_o the_o inside_n and_o herefore_o no_o subtendent_o can_v be_v take_v as_o they_o may_v in_o pasture-ground_n we_o will_v therefore_o endeavour_v how_o to_o do_v it_o by_o take_v of_o angle_n with_o the_o chain_n but_o in_o all_o this_o that_o hitherto_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o measure_v by_o the_o chain_n only_o we_o will_v have_v you_o to_o understand_v that_o we_o

let_v a_o board_n be_v seven_o inch_n broad_a i_o desire_v to_o know_v how_o many_o inch_n forward_o make_v a_o foot_n divide_v 144._o by_o seven_o it_o give_v twenty_o inch_n or_o one_o foot_n eight_o inch_n ●_o 7._o now_o to_o bring_v ●_o 7_o into_o centesme_n annex_v two_o cipher_n to_o the_o remain_v four_o it_o make_v 400_o which_o divide_v again_o by_o seven_o it_o give_v ●●_o 100_o but_o for_o half-inche_n reduce_v the_o breadth_n into_o a_o improper_a fraction_n as_o 6½_n be_v 1●_n 2_o then_o multiply_v 144_o by_o the_o denominator_fw-la 2_o it_o give_v 288_o so_o that_o you_o must_v always_o divide_v 288_o by_o the_o numerator_n or_o number_n of_o half-inche_n of_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o board_n which_o be_v 13_o so_o have_v you_o 22_o or_o one_o foot_n ten_o inch_n 15_o centesme_n but_o if_o your_o breadth_n be_v a_o odd_a quarter_n or_o three_o quarter_n first_o reduce_v it_o into_o quarter_n and_o divide_v 576_o by_o it_o so_o ●_o ¼_n be_v 27_o quarter_n therefore_o divide_v 576_o by_o 27_o it_o give_v 21_o inch_n or_o one_o foot_n nine_o inch_n 9_o 27_o or_o 33_o centesme_n the_o table_n follow_v a_o table_n show_v how_o many_o foot_n inch_n and_o centesme_n of_o inch_n forward_o be_v require_v to_o make_v a_o foot_n of_o board_n measure_n at_o all_o breadth_n both_o whole_a inch_n half-inche_n quarter_n and_o three-quarters_n from_o one_o inch_n in_o breadth_n to_o 36_o inch_n quar._n board_n foot_n inch_n cent_n quart_n foot_n inch_n cent_n qu._n inch_n cent_n quar_fw-la inch_n cent_n 1_o 0_o 12_o 0_o 0_o 8_o 0_o 1_o 6_o 0_o 15_o 9_o 60_o 22_o 6_o 55_o 1_o 9_o 7_o 20_o 1_o 1_o 5_o 46_o 1_o 9_o 44_o 1_o 6_o 47_o 2_o 8_o 0_o 0_o 2_o 1_o 4_o 94_o 2_o 9_o 29_o 2_o 6_o 40_o 3_o 6_o 10_o 29_o 3_o 1_o 4_o 46_o 3_o 9_o 14_o 3_o 6_o 33_o 2_o 0_o 6_o 0_o 0_o 9_o 0_o 1_o 4_o 0_o 16_o 9_o 0_o 23_o 6_o 26_o 1_o 5_o 4_o 0_o 1_o 1_o 3_o 56_o 1_o 8_o 87_o 1_o 6_o 19_o 2_o 4_o 9_o 60_o 2_o 1_o 3_o 16_o 2_o 8_o 73_o 2_o 6_o 13_o 3_o 4_o 4_o 36_o 3_o 1_o 2_o 77_o 3_o 8_o 57_o 3_o 6_o 6_o 3_o 0_o 4_o 0_o 0_o 10_o 0_o 1_o 2_o 40_o 17_o 8_o 41_o 24_o 6_o 0_o 1_o 3_o 8_o 31_o 1_o 1_o 2_o 5_o 1_o 8_o 32_o 1_o 5_o 94_o 2_o 3_o 5_o 15_o 2_o 1_o 1_o 76_o 2_o 8_o 22_o 2_o 5_o 88_o 3_o 3_o 2_o 40_o 3_o 1_o 1_o 35_o 3_o 8_o 12_o 3_o 5_o 82_o 4_o 0_o 3_o 0_o 0_o 11_o 0_o 1_o 1_o 9_o 18_o 8_o 0_o 25_o 5_o 76_o 1_o 2_o 9_o 88_o 1_o 1_o 0_o 80_o 1_o 7_o 81_o 1_o 5_o 70_o 2_o 2_o 8_o 0_o 2_o 1_o 0_o 51_o 2_o 7_o 78_o 2_o 5_o 65_o 3_o 2_o 6_o 31_o 3_o 1_o 0_o 25_o 3_o 7_o 68_o 3_o 5_o 59_o 5_o 0_o 2_o 4_o 80_o 12_o 0_o 1_o 0_o 0_o 19_o 7_o 58_o 26_o 5_o 54_o 1_o 2_o 3_o 41_o 1_o 0_o 11_o 76_o 1_o 7_o 48_o 1_o 5_o 48_o 2_o 2_o 2_o 18_o 2_o 0_o 11_o 52_o 2_o 7_o 39_o 2_o 5_o 43_o 3_o 2_o 1_o 4_o 3_o 0_o 11_o 29_o 3_o 7_o 29_o 3_o 5_o 38_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr qu._n inch._n cent._n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 6_o 0_o 2_o 0_o 0_o 13_o 0_o 11_o 8_o 20_o 7_o 20_o 27_o 5_o 33_o 1_o 1_o 11_o 4_o  _fw-fr 1_o 10_o 87_o 1_o 7_o 11_o 1_o 5_o 28_o 2_o 1_o 10_o 15_o  _fw-fr 2_o 10_o 67_o 2_o 7_o 2_o 2_o 5_o 24_o 3_o 1_o 9_o 33_o  _fw-fr 3_o 10_o 46_o 3_o 6_o 94_o 3_o 5_o 19_o 7_o 0_o 1_o 8_o 57_o 14_o  _fw-fr 10_o 29_o 21_o 6_o 86_o 28_o 5_o 14_o 1_o 1_o 7_o 86_o  _fw-fr 1_o 10_o 11_o 1_o 6_o 78_o 1_o 5_o 11_o 2_o 1_o 7_o 2d_o  _fw-fr 2_o 9_o 93_o 2_o 6_o 69_o 2_o 5_o 5_o 3_o 1_o 6_o 58_o  _fw-fr 3_o 9_o 76_o 3_o 6_o 62_o 3_o 5_o 1_o q._n i._o c._n q._n i._o c._n q._n i._o c._n q._n i._o c._n 29_o 4_o 97_o 31_o 4_o 65_o 33_o 4_o 36_o 35_o 4_o 12_o 1_o 4_o 93_o 1_o 4_o 61_o 1_o 4_o 33_o 1_o 4_o 9_o 2_o 4_o 89_o 2_o 4_o 58_o 2_o 4_o 30_o 2_o 4_o 6_o 3_o 4_o 84_o 3_o 4_o 54_o 3_o 4_o 27_o 3_o 4_o 3_o 30_o 4_o 80_o 32_o 4_o 50_o 34_o 4_o 24_o 36_o 4_o 0_o 1_o 4_o 76_o 1_o 4_o 46_o 1_o 4_o 21_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 2_o 4_o 73_o 2_o 4_o 43_o 2_o 4_o 18_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr 3_o 4_o 69_o 3_o 4_o 39_o 3_o 4_o 15_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr now_o to_o place_v this_o table_n upon_o the_o rule_n divide_v the_o second_o three_o four_o and_o five_o column_n next_o to_o the_o besill_n at_o one_o end_n into_o small_a square_n that_o may_v hold_v two_o figure_n a_o piece_n in_o which_o set_v over-most_a the_o inch_n of_o the_o breadth_n in_o the_o second_o the_o foot_n require_v in_o length_n at_o each_o inch_n half_a inch_n and_o quartern_a in_o the_o next_o the_o odd_a inch_n and_o in_o the_o next_o the_o odd_a centesme_n and_o this_o you_o must_v do_v to_o six_o inch_n you_o may_v do_v it_o to_o ten_o inch_n if_o you_o will_n then_o at_o the_o end_n of_o ten_o inch_n set_v one_o inch_n divide_v into_o ten_o equal_a part_n and_o each_o of_o they_o into_o half_n and_o suppose_v each_o half_n into_o five_o so_o will_v it_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o a_o hundred_o part_n as_o before_z then_o from_o six_o inch_n to_o 36_o you_o shall_v set_v all_o in_o the_o column_n next_o the_o besill_n with_o small_a stroke_n after_o this_o manner_n first_o i_o begin_v with_o six_o inch_n and_o a_o quarter_n to_o which_o i_o find_v in_o the_o table_n there_o belong_v one_o foot_n eleven_o inch_n four_o centesme_n that_o be_v eleven_o inch_n four_o centesme_n from_o the_o middle_n cross_a stroke_n of_o the_o rule_n but_o because_o my_o compass_n will_v not_o reach_v so_o far_o i_o only_o take_v 56_o centesme_n from_o the_o former_a inch_n which_o make_v it_o just_a two_o foot_n from_o the_o same_o end_n which_o i_o set_v the_o under_o measure_n at_o another_o example_n let_v be_v 9¼_n for_o which_o i_o find_v in_o the_o table_n one_o foot_n three_o inch_n 56_o centesme_n first_o i_o take_v with_o my_o compass_n 56_o centesme_n from_o my_o inch_n of_o centesme_n and_o prick_v it_o down_o upon_o a_o line_n upon_o a_o paper_n also_o with_o my_o compass_n i_o take_v three_o inch_n in_o the_o foot-line_n of_o inch-measure_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o rule_n set_v that_o distance_n also_o on_o the_o paper_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o 56_o centesme_fw-fr in_o the_o same_o line_n then_o take_v with_o your_o compass_n the_o whole_a length_n of_o both_o set_v one_o foot_n in_o the_o middle-cross-line_n of_o the_o rule_n and_o in_o the_o say_a scale_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o rule_n and_o it_o give_v the_o length_n correspondent_a to_o nine_o inch_n and_o ●_o 4_o from_o the_o stroke_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o rule_n thus_o do_v with_o all_o the_o rest_n mark_v each_o whole_a inch_n with_o its_o proper_a number_n to_o 24_o also_o 30_o and_o 36._o and_o now_o before_o we_o proceed_v to_o show_v you_o the_o make_n of_o the_o table_n of_o timber-measure_n we_o will_v first_o show_v the_o measure_n of_o board_n chap._n ii_o of_o measure_v of_o board_n with_o the_o rule_n there_o be_v divers_a way_n of_o measure_v of_o board_n of_o which_o the_o fundamental_a way_n be_v this_o 12_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o 12_o in_o breadth_n that_o be_v twelve_o time_n twelve_o or_o twelve_o inch_n square_a which_o be_v 144_o inch_n make_v a_o foot_n of_o board_n therefore_o multiply_v the_o inch_n of_o the_o length_n of_o the_o board_n by_o the_o inch_n of_o the_o breadth_n and_o divide_v the_o product_n by_o 144_o you_o have_v the_o content_a in_o foot_n if_o any_o thing_n remain_v divide_v it_o by_o twelve_o it_o give_v the_o odd_a inch_n or_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o foot_n for_o a_o inch_n be_v the_o twelve_o part_n of_o a_o foot_n let_v the_o foot_n be_v what_o it_o will_n example_n let_v a_o board_n be_v 13_o foot_n five_o inch_n long_o that_o be_v 162_o inch_n long_o and_o nine_o and_o a_o half_a broad_a these_o multiply_v give_v 1529_o and_o a_o half_a which_o divide_v by_o 144_o give_v ten_o foot_n &_o 89_o square_a inch_n and_o ½_o remain_v which_o divide_v by_o 12_o be_v 7½_n ferè_fw-la inch_n of_o board_n second_o if_o you_o multiply_v the_o length_n in_o foot_n 13_o feet_z 5_o inch_n by_o the_o breadth_n in_o inch_n 9½_n first_o 9_o inch_n by_o 13_o foot_n be_v 9_o foot_n 9_o inch_n &_o half_o of_o 13_o be_v 6½_n and_o 6_o square_a inch_n and_o 9_o time_n 5_o

to_o take_v terrestrial_a distance_n by_o the_o plain-table_n or_o pandoron_n a●_n by_o the_o table_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o take_v they_o by_o the_o chain_n only_o in_o chap._n 13._o between_o that_o and_o this_o there_o be_v very_o little_a difference_n we_o will_v here_o suppose_v the_o same_o opposition_n as_o there_o viz._n two_o house_n beyond_o a_o river_n between_o which_o i_o desire_v the_o distance_n also_o between_o each_o of_o they_o and_o each_o of_o my_o station_n the_o chief_a difference_n be_v this_o that_o by_o this_o your_o best_a way_n be_v to_o have_v your_o station-line_n as_o near_o the_o river_n as_o you_o can_v which_o let_v be_v as_o before_o ab_fw-la 40_o pole_n long_o first_o set_v your_o instrument_n at_o a_o and_o turn_v the_o sight_n to_o dc_o and_o b_o and_o draw_v their_o line_n measure_v thence_o to_o b_o 40_o pole_n there_o make_v a_o prick_n but_o lay_v down_o your_o 40_o pole_n with_o a_o very_a small_a seal_n if_o the_o distance_n be_v long_o so_o that_o the_o 40_o pole_n be_v little_a above_o a_o inch_n long_o then_o set_v up_o your_o instrument_n at_o b_o lay_v your_o index_n on_o your_o station-line_n of_o your_o plot_n turn_v it_o till_o through_o the_o sight_n you_o espy_v a_o then_o fasten_v your_o table_n and_o one_o end_n of_o your_o ruler_n turn_v upon_o the_o centre_n b_o turn_v the_o sight_n first_o to_o c_o then_z to_z d_o then_o draw_v line_n who_o intersection_n with_o the_o former_a will_v give_v you_o all_o your_o distance_n desire_v chap._n xix_o to_o do_v the_o like_a by_o the_o pandoron_n as_o it_o be_v a_o quadrant_n or_o by_o any_o graduated_a instrument_n let_v the_o same_o example_n be_v propound_v as_o afore_o and_o let_v your_o station-line_n be_v ab_fw-la 40_o pole_n as_o near_o the_o riverside_n as_o you_o can_v i_o set_v up_o the_o quadrant_n first_o at_o a_o where_o i_o find_v bad_a 110_o degree_n and_o god_n be_v 50_o degree_n likewise_o set_v up_o at_o b_o than_o cba_n be_v 104_o whereof_o cbd_v 50_o this_o station-line_n 40_o and_o these_o angle_n thus_o plot_v extend_v you_o line_n till_o they_o meet_v and_o their_o intersection_n will_v give_v you_o the_o desire_a distance_n as_o afore_o yet_o if_o you_o will_v bestow_v the_o time_n and_o pain_n to_o cast_v it_o up_o by_o the_o doctrine_n of_o triangle_n you_o may_v come_v somewhat_o near_o first_o for_o the_o triangle_n bad_a see_v that_o bad_a be_v 110_o degree_n and_o the_o angle_n abdella_n 54_o which_o make_v be_v add_v 164_o which_o take_v out_o of_o 180_o rest_v the_o angle_n adb_fw-mi 16_o degree_n now_o in_o the_o same_o triangle_n have_v all_o the_o angle_n and_o the_o line_n ab_fw-la to_o find_v the_o side_n ad._n as_o the_o sine_fw-la adb_fw-la 16._o comparithme_n 055966_o be_v to_o ab_fw-la 40._o 160206_o so_n sine_fw-la 110_o degree_n that_o be_v sine_fw-la 70_o 997.99_o to_o 136_o 3_o 10_o bd._n 213.61_o also_o to_o find_v ad_fw-la as_o sine_fw-la adb_fw-la 16._o compar_fw-la 055966_o be_v to_o ab_fw-la 40_o pole_n 160206_o so_o sine_fw-la dba_fw-la 54_o degree_n 990796_o to_o 117_o 4_o 10_o ad._n 206968_o then_o in_o the_o triangle_n cba_n cba_n be_v 104_o and_o bac_n be_v 60_o these_o add_v together_o make_v 164_o which_o take_v out_o of_o 180_o leaf_n the_o angle_n bca_n 16_o degree_n now_o to_o find_v bc._n as_o sine_fw-la 16_o d._n compar_fw-la 055966_o to_o ab_fw-la 40_o p._n 160206_o so_o be_v sine_fw-la god_n 60_o 993753_o to_o bc_n 125_o and_o 7_o 10_o 209925_o also_o to_o find_v ac_fw-la as_o sine_fw-la acb_n 16._o compar_fw-la 055966_o to_o ab_fw-la 40_o 160206_o so_o sine_fw-la 104_o that_o be_v sine_fw-la 78_o 998690_o cba_n to_o ac_fw-la 140_o 8_o 10_o 214862_o last_o have_v the_o two_o side_n ac_fw-la 140_o 8_o 10_o and_o ad_fw-la 117_o 4_o 10_o and_o the_o angle_n god_n 50_o in_o your_o triangle_n god_n to_o find_v cd_o as_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o side_n 258_o 1_o 10._o compar_fw-la 658804_o to_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o same_o side_n 23_o 4_o 10_o 236922_o so_o be_v the_o tang_n of_o ½_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o angle_n unknown_a 65_o to_o the_o tang_n of_o ½_o their_o difference_n 11_o degree_n 033133_o which_o add_v to_o 65_o d._n ½_o facit_fw-la 76_o the_o great_a 928859_o angle_n d._n but_o subtract_v from_o it_o make_v the_o angle_n 54_o degree_n and_o then_o as_o sine_fw-la 54._o compar_fw-la 009205_o to_o 117_o 4_o 10_o 206967_o so_o sine_fw-la 50_o degree_n 988425_o to_o cd_o 111_o 2_o 10_o 204597_o chap._n xx._n of_o altitude_n and_o distance_n celestial_a by_o the_o pandoron_n or_o quadrant_n for_o take_v of_o altitude_n and_o distance_n celestial_a or_o altitude_n terrestrial_a it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o necessity_n that_o beside_o your_o quadrant_n and_o three-legged_a foot_n you_o get_v also_o a_o neck_n or_o piece_n of_o close-grained_a wood_n who_o diameter_n may_v be_v about_o three_o inch_n or_o somewhat_o more_o let_v the_o nether_a end_n be_v turn_v with_o a_o socket_n that_o instead_o of_o the_o socket_n of_o your_o table_n you_o may_v put_v on_o that_o so_o that_o it_o may_v turn_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o staff_n as_o the_o socket_n do_v have_v also_o a_o screw-pin_n in_o the_o side_n of_o it_o to_o hold_v it_o at_o any_o situation_n also_o about_o two_o or_o three_o inch_n below_o the_o top_n turn_v it_o like_o a_o bowl_n in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o bear_v a_o hole_n with_o a_o inch-wimble_a to_o which_o fit_a a_o pin_n of_o the_o same_o wood_n so_o hard_a both_o drive_v in_o and_o glue_v in_o that_o it_o stir_v not_o but_o let_v one_o end_n thereof_o be_v so_o big_a and_o so_o long_o as_o to_o fit_v the_o brass_n socket_n that_o the_o socket_n may_v turn_v very_o stiff_a about_o it_o and_o let_v the_o little_a end_n of_o the_o pin_n reach_n past_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o bowl_n almost_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o socket_n and_o then_o you_o may_v fit_v that_o end_n of_o the_o pin_n either_o to_o that_o or_o any_o other_o instrument_n by_o glew_v upon_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o its_o own_o wood_n turn_v like_o a_o little_a salve-box_n then_o upon_o this_o pin_n put_v the_o socket_n of_o your_o instrument_n and_o work_v as_o follow_v to_o take_v the_o altitude_n of_o the_o sun_n take_v the_o string_n of_o your_o plummet_n in_o your_o hand_n and_o apply_v it_o to_o the_o edge_n of_o your_o instrument_n and_o hang_v it_o plumb_n then_o screw_v it_o fast_o then_o move_v the_o ruler_n with_o sight_n up_o and_o down_o till_o the_o sun_n shine_v through_o the_o sight_n next_o the_o limb_n the_o shadow_n of_o the_o thread_n run_v straight_o along_o the_o rule_n then_o look_v how_o many_o degree_n be_v between_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o rule_n and_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o limb_n so_o many_o degree_n be_v the_o height_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o this_o you_o may_v do_v by_o set_v it_o on_o a_o stool_n to_o take_v the_o height_n of_o a_o star_n to_o do_v this_o have_v hang_v your_o instrument_n on_o the_o pin_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o plumb_v one_o edge_n by_o the_o light_n of_o a_o candle_n look_v by_o the_o edge_n of_o both_o sight_n move_v the_o ruler_n till_o you_o see_v the_o star_n desire_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o they_o both_o then_o screw_v the_o ruler_n and_o take_v down_o the_o table_n account_v the_o degree_n from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o rule_n for_o the_o height_n of_o the_o star_n to_o take_v the_o distance_n of_o two_o star_n howsoever_o situate_a if_o both_o be_v near_o the_o horizon_n and_o near_a of_o one_o altitude_n and_o within_o 90_o degree_n of_o each_o other_o you_o need_v not_o use_v the_o neck_n at_o all_o but_o only_o lay_v your_o ruler_n on_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o degree_n then_o screw_v it_o and_o turn_v the_o table_n till_o by_o both_o sight_n you_o see_v one_o of_o the_o star_n then_o fasten_v the_o table_n and_o move_v the_o sight_n to_o the_o other_o star_n and_o the_o degree_n on_o the_o limb_n of_o the_o fiducial_a edge_n of_o the_o rule_n give_v their_o distance_n if_o they_o be_v both_o in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o half_a of_o a_o vertical_a circle_n take_v both_o their_o height_n as_o afore_o subtract_v the_o lesser_a altitude_n from_o the_o great_a you_o have_v your_o desire_n if_o they_o be_v in_o several_a half_n of_o the_o vertical_a circle_n take_v the_o compliment_n of_o both_o their_o height_n and_o add_v they_o together_o &_o actum_fw-la est_fw-la but_o if_o they_o lie_v aslope_o and_o yet_o be_v within_o 90_o degree_n one_o of_o another_o then_o beside_o the_o foot_n and_o quadrant_n or_o pandoron_n get_v you_o two_o round_o stick_v as_o big_a as_o your_o thumb_n about_o six_o foot_n long_o a_o piece_n sharpen_v their_o little_a end_n

we_o a_o better_a chap._n xxv_o of_o instrument_n for_o convey_v of_o water_n and_o their_o use_n if_o your_o distance_n be_v not_o above_o a_o 100_o pole_n or_o thereabouts_o you_o may_v hang_v your_o pandoron_n or_o quadrant_n on_o the_o pin_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o then_o set_v up_o a_o staff_n or_o rather_o let_v one_o hold_v it_o upright_o with_o his_o face_n towards_o you_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o water_n move_v a_o sheet_n of_o paper_n up_o or_o down_o as_o you_o standing_z 8_o or_o 10_o pole_n off_o in_o the_o water-way_n shall_v direct_v he_o by_o the_o sign_n of_o your_o hand_n till_o you_o have_v there_o set_v up_o your_o instrument_n and_o plumb_v it_o true_o level_a you_o see_v either_o through_o the_o sight_n or_o over_o side_n of_o the_o quadrant_n the_o nether_a edge_n of_o the_o paper_n have_v first_o screw_v the_o ruler_n fast_o and_o place_v the_o thin_a edge_n thereof_o precise_o upon_o the_o upper_a horizontal_a line_n of_o the_o instrument_n now_o take_v not_o your_o station_n above_o 10_o pole_n at_o the_o most_o from_o your_o stand_n both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o refraction_n of_o the_o air_n which_o will_v deceive_v your_o sight_n as_o also_o for_o that_o though_o your_o instrument_n be_v never_o so_o true_a yet_o if_o you_o fail_v either_o in_o your_o plumb_n it_o or_o in_o lay_v your_o ruler_n but_o one_o ten_o part_n of_o a_o inch_n false_a which_o be_v easy_o do_v you_o will_v fail_v so_o many_o ten_o as_o be_v table_n length_n between_o your_o table_n &_o your_o staff_n which_o if_o your_o table_n be_v 18_o inch_n radius_fw-la and_o your_o station_n ten_o pole_n will_v come_v to_o eleven_o inch_n in_o that_o distance_n enough_o to_o mar_v your_o whole_a work_n now_o he_o have_v place_v his_o paper_n let_v he_o bring_v it_o staff_n and_o all_o to_o you_o without_o stir_v it_o and_o then_o you_o have_v a_o two-foot_n rule_n and_o a_o stick_n in_o your_o hand_n about_o four_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a long_a measure_v first_o the_o height_n of_o your_o sight_n above_o the_o ground_n also_o from_o the_o bottom_n of_o his_o staff_n to_o the_o nether_a edge_n of_o the_o paper_n if_o both_o be_v alike_o than_o those_o two_o place_n be_v level_a if_o not_o then_o see_v which_o be_v most_o and_o how_o many_o inch_n there_o be_v odds_o if_o his_o be_v more_o than_o you_o than_o your_o ground_n be_v rise_v more_o than_o he_o so_o many_o inch_n as_o the_o difference_n be_v but_o if_o you_o be_v more_o than_o he_o than_o you_o be_v low_o and_o then_o the_o water_n will_v run_v or_o else_o not_o for_o it_o will_v never_o run_v high_a natural_o upward_a unless_o your_o former_a fall_n do_v countervail_v your_o rise_n have_v thus_o find_v the_o difference_n you_o must_v in_o a_o notebook_n make_v two_o table_n one_o for_o the_o rise_n and_o another_o for_o the_o fall_v at_o each_o station_n with_o their_o title_n of_o rise_v and_o fall_v over_o they_o and_o the_o number_n of_o inch_n at_o each_o station_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o station_n on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o you_o may_v do_v well_o also_o to_o measure_v the_o distance_n with_o a_o chain_n and_o set_v down_o on_o the_o right_a side_n the_o distance_n from_o the_o springhead_n and_o at_o each_o station_n to_o observe_v some_o mark_n and_o have_v all_o do_v you_o must_v cast_v up_o the_o table_n each_o by_o itself_o the_o inch_n of_o the_o fall_v by_o themselves_o and_o the_o ascent_n by_o themselves_o then_o subtract_v the_o lesser_a total_a from_o the_o great_a if_o the_o descent_n be_v most_o it_o will_v run_v so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o station_n in_o the_o way_n that_o be_v high_a than_o the_o springhead_n which_o if_o you_o suspect_v cast_v up_o both_o your_o table_n only_o so_o far_o and_o you_o may_v easy_o know_v yet_o if_o it_o shall_v that_o will_v not_o cut_v you_o off_o altogether_o for_o though_o you_o can_v help_v yourself_o by_o dig_v deep_a yet_o it_o be_v hard_a if_o you_o can_v by_o go_v about_o have_v thus_o measure_v and_o find_v the_o difference_n you_o may_v for_o triall-sake_n exchange_v place_n and_o let_v he_o stand_v where_o you_o stand_v and_o do_v you_o stand_v at_o the_o fountain_n if_o there_o you_o find_v the_o descent_n to_o be_v the_o same_o as_o you_o do_v before_o all_o be_v right_a and_o that_o you_o will_v hardly_o do_v unless_o your_o instrument_n be_v both_o very_a large_a and_o very_o exact_a but_o now_o you_o must_v know_v that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o your_o be_v between_o the_o springhead_n and_o he_o and_o his_o be_v between_o it_o and_o you_o for_o now_o if_o he_o be_v most_o he_o be_v low_a for_o always_o he_o that_o be_v most_o be_v low_a now_o if_o you_o will_v you_o may_v either_o yourself_o go_v on_o forward_o and_o let_v your_o assistant_n stand_v or_o rather_o yourself_o stand_v there_o still_o if_o you_o remove_v not_o to_o prove_v as_o i_o say_v and_o so_o you_o may_v take_v two_o distance_n at_o one_o station_n especial_o if_o you_o have_v two_o assistant_n and_o all_o you_o three_o be_v in_o one_o direct_a line_n so_o if_o you_o keep_v your_o work_n in_o a_o straight_a line_n if_o two_o assistant_n stand_v in_o the_o water-way_n if_o you_o stand_v in_o the_o middle_n in_o a_o rightline_n if_o you_o see_v to_o one_o of_o they_o you_o see_v to_o the_o other_o without_o stir_v the_o instrument_n any_o way_n again_o so_o far_o as_o you_o go_v in_o a_o direct_a line_n if_o you_o have_v once_o set_v two_o mark_n level_v you_o may_v easy_o by_o they_o set_v up_o a_o three_o and_o four_o as_o far_o as_o it_o go_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n and_o when_o it_o turn_v then_o use_v your_o instrument_n as_o afore_o also_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o water_n be_v to_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o some_o pond_n or_o level_a water_n if_o you_o bear_v hole_n in_o two_o board_n like_o trencher_n and_o sharpen_v stick_n of_o equal_a height_n with_o white_a paper_n on_o they_o if_o the_o board_n lie_v in_o the_o water_n two_o assistant_n hold_v the_o stick_n that_o you_o may_v set_v up_o a_o three_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n with_o they_o with_o a_o mark_n upon_o it_o agree_v level_a with_o the_o other_o mark_n if_o they_o be_v too_o high_a remove_v they_o lower_v but_o both_o alike_o or_o your_o own_o high_o &_o contrá_fw-fr only_a take_v just_a notice_n how_o high_a the_o two_o be_v above_o the_o water_n and_o then_o go_v on_o with_o a_o four_o and_o five_o so_o long_o as_o you_o go_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n and_o then_o use_v the_o instrument_n as_o afore_o also_o it_o may_v happen_v that_o you_o desire_v to_o bring_v water_n from_o some_o spring_n or_o head_n but_o you_o have_v neither_o level_n nor_o level_a water_n nor_o straight_a water-way_n but_o you_o suppose_v it_o will_v run_v and_o the_o way_n be_v not_o long_o and_o you_o will_v willing_o try_v first_o then_o begin_v at_o the_o head_n and_o make_v a_o little_a trench_n of_o three_o or_o four_o pole_n long_o towards_o the_o way_n that_o it_o will_v run_v straight_o whether_o this_o be_v straight_o or_o crooked_a it_o matter_n not_o then_o let_v run_v so_o much_o water_n as_o may_v only_o fill_v this_o trench_n if_o you_o find_v it_o dry_a or_o shallow_a of_o water_n at_o the_o head_n then_o at_o the_o other_o end_n it_o show_v the_o ground_n to_o be_v fall_v then_o do_v the_o like_a with_o three_o or_o four_o pole_n more_o still_o make_v the_o water_n to_o follow_v you_o till_o you_o be_v go_v three_o or_o four_o pole_n in_o your_o straight_a line_n then_o have_v fill_v it_o that_o the_o water_n may_v stand_v level_a at_o both_o end_n stick_v up_o two_o stick_n one_o at_o one_o end_n the_o other_o at_o the_o other_o of_o equal_a length_n about_o four_o foot_n above_o the_o water_n then_o go_v on_o 10_o or_o 12_o pole_n in_o the_o same_o line_n where_o set_v up_o a_o mark_n so_o that_o you_o stand_v behind_o it_o and_o look_v to_o the_o middle_a mark_n either_o all_o the_o top_n or_o all_o the_o bottom_n according_a to_o which_o you_o measure_v your_o equal_a height_n may_v agree_v then_o if_o that_o stick_n be_v long_o beneath_o the_o mark_n then_o the_o other_o two_o it_o show_v descent_n if_o any_o rise_a place_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n you_o may_v easy_o find_v their_o rise_n by_o set_v up_o a_o stick_n and_o measure_v it_o as_o before_o book_n chap._n xxvi_o of_o flow_v of_o ground_n my_o intent_n be_v not_o here_o to_o describe_v the_o manner_n of_o make_v engine_n sluice_n cochleas_fw-la mill_n etc._n etc._n to_o mount_v the_o water_n withal_o as_o be_v too_o great_a a_o charge_n for_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o

ground_n of_o nine_o or_o ten_o acre_n for_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o if_o a_o piece_n of_o ground_n be_v ten_o acre_n yet_o all_o of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v overflow_v so_o that_o if_o you_o bestow_v any_o great_a cost_n we_o may_v say_v materiam_fw-la superabit_fw-la opus●_n yet_o this_o i_o have_v see_v in_o one_o of_o these_o dry_a year_n in_o a_o meadow_n near_o hartford_n that_o one_o man_n have_v a_o piece_n of_o ground_n encompass_v with_o the_o river_n flow_v it_o make_v five_o pound_n of_o a_o acre_n of_o his_o first_o crop_n where_o his_o neighbour_n make_v scarce_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o acre_n of_o the_o ground_n adjoin_v although_o natural_o in_o other_o year_n before_o as_o good_a yet_o this_o be_v not_o comparable_a to_o land-floud_n for_o these_o partake_v of_o a_o slimy_a and_o muddy_a substance_n be_v bring_v into_o meadow_n or_o pasture_n in_o the_o spring_n either_o by_o drain_v dam_n turn_v of_o town-ditche_n sewer_n highway_n street_n filth_n do_v both_o moisten_v and_o fat_v they_o whereas_o the_o river-water_n fat_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o virgil_n have_v it_o huc_fw-la summis_fw-la liquuntur_fw-la rupibus_fw-la amnes_fw-la decliuémque_fw-la trahunt_fw-la limum_fw-la and_o in_o another_o place_n et_fw-la cum_fw-la exustus_fw-la agre_z morientibus_fw-la aestuat_fw-la herbis_fw-la ecce_fw-la supercilio_fw-la clivosi_fw-la tramitis_fw-la undam_fw-la elicit_v illa_fw-la cadens_fw-la raucum_fw-la per_fw-la levia_fw-la murmur_v saxa_n ciet_fw-la scatebrísque_fw-la carentia_fw-la temperate_a arva_fw-la and_o do_v not_o all_o the_o world_n know_v how_o the_o river_n nilus_n fat_v with_o his_o slime_n the_o whole_a land_n of_o egypt_n but_o now_o have_v by_o drain_v and_o dam_n bring_v your_o water_n to_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o ground_n that_o you_o will_v slow_v you_o shall_v cut_v a_o little_a trench_n as_o level_a as_o you_o can_v ghuess_v by_o the_o eye_n which_o in_o your_o ground_n let_v not_o be_v above_o nine_o inch_n broad_a and_o seven_o or_o eight_o inch_n deep_a so_o go_v not_o above_o a_o pole_n at_o once_o lay_v your_o turf_n on_o the_o low_a side_n of_o the_o trench_n and_o close_v by_o it_o with_o the_o grass_n downward_o that_o if_o you_o think_v good_a you_o may_v put_v they_o in_o again_o or_o carry_v they_o away_o and_o now_o let_v in_o so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v fill_v up_o that_o trench_n if_o you_o have_v the_o water_n run_v over_o at_o the_o last_o end_n a_o little_a it_o be_v the_o better_a that_o so_o stop_v your_o trench_n 〈◊〉_d a_o turf_n your_o water_n may_v run_v over_o in_o any_o place_n but_o if_o you_o be_v rise_v so_o that_o the_o water_n will_v not_o follow_v you_o than_o you_o shall_v have_v a_o spade_n for_o the_o nonce_n with_o a_o long_a crooked_a handle_n crooking_a up_o like_o a_o fire-shovel_a that_o therewith_o you_o may_v deepen_v your_o trench_n and_o take_v out_o the_o mould_n and_o then_o go_v a_o little_a low_o the_o next_o time_n still_o make_v the_o water_n to_o follow_v you_o as_o you_o go_v to_o the_o further-side_n of_o the_o ground_n then_o according_a as_o the_o ground_n fall_v you_o may_v make_v a_o cross-trench_n one_o or_o more_o in_o the_o middle_n or_o at_o end_n four_o or_o five_o pole_n downward_o and_o at_o every_o four_o or_o five_o pole_n make_v trench_n the_o same_o way_n you_o do_v at_o the_o first_o till_o you_o have_v do_v so_o that_o you_o shall_v need_v no_o water-level_n for_o this_o work_n unless_o perhaps_o you_o need_v it_o to_o try_v whether_o it_o will_v come_v to_o the_o ground_n or_o no._n if_o you_o be_v to_o bring_v it_o over_o some_o ditch_n or_o brook_n where_o the_o water_n be_v low_a than_o your_o water-way_n then_o must_v you_o either_o make_v a_o bridge_n over_o it_o or_o else_o shoot_v four_o board_n and_o nail_n they_o together_o and_o make_v a_o trough_n which_o may_v lie_v both_o under_o the_o ditch_n and_o through_o the_o mound_n of_o the_o ditch_n chap._n xxvii_o of_o drayn_v of_o ground_n the_o drayn_n of_o ground_n be_v often_o find_v to_o be_v as_o advantageous_a and_o profitable_a not_o only_o in_o arable_a but_o also_o in_o low_a meadow_n and_o wood_n and_o bog_n upon_o hill_n as_o the_o flow_a of_o they_o if_o not_o far_o more_o by_o reason_n more_o ground_n for_o the_o most_o part_n will_v be_v drain_v then_o flow_v both_o in_o less_o time_n and_o with_o less_o charge_n the_o instrument_n for_o this_o work_n may_v be_v a_o plough_n spade_n scopet_n shovel_n and_o bill_n and_o fork_n in_o some_o parish_n they_o have_v a_o town-plow_n that_o will_v hold_v eight_o or_o nine_o yoke_n of_o ox_n and_o a_o couple_n of_o horse_n afore_o for_o boy_n to_o ride_v on_o to_o guide_v they_o and_o three_o or_o four_o horse_n with_o driver_n on_o they_o other_o to_o hold_v the_o plough_n one_o one_o while_n another_o another_o while_n boot_v up_o to_o the_o middle_n other_o follow_v with_o bill_n fork_n spade_n scopet_n shovel_n that_o if_o any_o grass_n or_o turf-ground_n fall_v in_o after_o 〈◊〉_d plough_n some_o may_v cut_v it_o to_o piece_n with_o their_o bill_n and_o other_o throw_v it_o out_o with_o their_o fork_n but_o in_o plough_v ground_n with_o spade_n scopet_n and_o shovel_n thus_o yearly_a about_o all-saint_n do_v they_o serve_v their_o pease-stubble_n barley-stubble_n and_o low_a meadow_n especial_o commons_o but_o this_o plough_n must_v have_v a_o piece_n of_o wood_n either_o screw_v or_o coter_v to_o the_o rightside_n of_o the_o beam_n somewhat_o towards_o the_o fore-end_n of_o it_o to_o make_v another_o coulter-hole_n that_o in_o sward-ground_n you_o may_v put_v in_o another_o coulter_n that_o may_v cut_v both_o side_n of_o the_o furrow_n and_o let_v the_o ground-wrist_n be_v five_o or_o six_o inch_n broad_a and_o the_o broad-wrist_n be_v long_o and_o stand_v out_o broad_a than_o the_o ground-wrist_n by_o a_o handful_n to_o throw_v both_o earth_n and_o turf_n a_o good_a way_n off_o but_o if_o you_o be_v in_o clay-ground_n you_o may_v make_v a_o broad_a point_n than_o on_o stone_n or_o gravel_n but_o howsoever_o let_v there_o be_v a_o whole_a pan_n and_o a_o finne-share_n thus_o if_o you_o will_v make_v any_o new_a drain_v ditch_n for_o quick-setting_a brook_n or_o river_n first_o set_v up_o your_o mark_n at_o each_o nine_o or_o ten_o pole_n on_o both_o side_n for_o the_o rider_n to_o guide_v on_o the_o horse_n then_o plough_v once_o all_o over_o that_o breadth_n and_o throw_v out_o the_o mould_n then_o set_v your_o horse_n single_a and_o with_o any_o other_o light_a plough_n plough_v again_o and_o throw_v out_o till_o you_o be_v deep_a enough_o thus_o may_v you_o do_v more_o in_o a_o hour_n then_o in_o three_o day_n otherwise_o likewise_o i_o have_v know_v divers_a highway_n where_o one_o furlong_n have_v abut_v upon_o they_o and_o another_o run_v long-wise_a by_o the_o side_n of_o it_o where_o the_o way_n have_v not_o be_v above_o a_o pole_n broad_a that_o the_o plough_n continual_o carry_v out_o mould_v upon_o it_o have_v so_o raise_v that_o linsy-side_n that_o it_o have_v be_v so_o linsy_n that_o not_o a_o load_a cart_n have_v go_v on_o it_o in_o harvest_n or_o hay_n time_n since_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o most_o necessary_a harvest-way_n this_o have_v i_o mend_v and_o make_v level_a with_o my_o own_o plough_n and_o i_o own_o people_n in_o two_o hour_n a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n together_o and_o the_o like_a have_v i_o do_v to_o raise_v a_o roadway_n in_o the_o middle_n by_o plough_v and_o throw_v up_o both_o side_n also_o i_o have_v know_v one_o mr._n field_n of_o aspley-bury_a in_o shidlington_n parish_n in_o bedfordshire_n who_o there_o with_o his_o plough_n make_v a_o large_a moat_n only_o by_o plough_v and_o throw_v out_o the_o mould_n and_o make_v a_o ware_n for_o the_o horse_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o the_o same_o man_n also_o be_v at_o a_o especial_a friend_n house_n in_o hartfordshire_n his_o advice_n be_v request_v about_o cleanse_v of_o a_o brook_n which_o be_v fill_v with_o stone_n drive_v down_o the_o hill_n by_o land-floud_n neither_o can_v they_o dig_v it_o with_o spade_n nor_o strike_v in_o a_o mattock_n if_o they_o do_v the_o water_n will_v fly_v in_o their_o face_n and_o the_o cold_a water_n overflow_v the_o bank_n winter_n and_o summer_n and_o spoil_v all_o about_o he_o get_v a_o strong_a plough_n with_o a_o narrow-pointed_n share_n and_o blow_v one_o hour_n in_o the_o forenoon_n and_o get_v good_a store_n of_o labourer_n with_o fork_n and_o shovel_n and_o throw_v out_o what_o the_o plough_n have_v raise_v and_o then_o to_o plough_v another_o hour_n in_o the_o afternoon_n and_o thus_o make_v quick_a speed_n without_o trouble_n or_o let_v another_o time_n the_o same_o man_n stock_v up_o a_o wood_n and_o have_v only_o stock_v up_o the_o