lay it upon any painted or printed picture and you shall see the picture through the same more perfectly appearing then through glasse and so with a blacke lead pen you may draw it ouer with ease and better first with a soft char-cole and then with a pen. After that you haue thus drawne the picture upon the oyled paper put it upon a sheete of cleane white paper and with a little sticke pointed or which is better with a feather taken out of a Swallowes wing draw ouer the picture againe and so you shall haue the same very prettily and neatly drawne upon the white paper which you may set out with colours as shall be taught hereafter Another way HAving drawne the picture first open the oyled paper put it upon a sheete of cleane white paper and pricke ouer the same drawing with a good big pin then from the cleane sheete that is pricked pounce it upon another that is take some small coale powder it fine and wrap it in a piece of Tiffanie or such like and binde it up therein loosely and clap it lightly ouer all the pricked lines by little and little and afterwards draw it ouer again with a Pen or Pencill or otherwise as you please Another way very pretty and easie to be performed TAke some Lake and grinde it fine and temper it with Linseed oyle and afterwards with a pen draw with this mixture in stead of Inke all the out stroaks of any printed picture also the muscles then wet the contrary side of the picture and presse it hard upon a sheete of cleane white paper and it will leaue behinde it all the stroake of the said picture that you draw ouer Another way much like the former TAke Printers Blacking grinde it fine and temper it with faire water and with a pen dipt therein draw ouer the master stroakes and out lines of the muscles wet then a faire paper with a spunge and clap the picture upon it pressing it very hard thereupon and you shall finde the stroakes you drew left upon the faire paper An easie way to lessen any picture that is to draw a picture from another in a lesser compasse FIrst with a ruler and a blacke lead plummet draw a line at the very top also another at the bottome paralell or equally distant from the other from the upper line let fall two perpendicular or plum-lines euen unto the lowermost line so those foure lines will make a square now you must diuide this square into diuers equall parts with a paire of compasses and draw lines with a ruler and blacke lead plummet quite over the picture so the lesse lines will divide the picture into equall parts or squares then take a faire paper and make as many squares upon it as there is in the picture you may make them as little as you will but be sure that they are equall and of just number with those in the picture Having thus crossed your picture and drawne over your faire paper into squares take a blacke lead pen and draw the picture by little and little passing from square unto square untill you have finished the whole still observing the order of the squares as they stand in either then draw it ouer with a pen in which second drawing of it over you may easily mend any fault when it is dry rub it over with the crum of white bread and it will take off all the blacke lead strokes and your draught onely will remaine faire upon the paper or parchment Here I might have entred into discourse of drawing paralels perpendiculars making of squares and such like but to deale truely I was as loth to trouble my selfe as to wearie you you shall neede onely to provide a ruler of thin brasse or copper having a crosse thwart one end of it the charge will not be much nor the use tedious the figure followeth noted A B. Let a b c d be a line given whereon to erect a perpendicular or plumb line lay the ruler so that the crosse over the end of it may lye full upon the Line then draw a Line by the side of the rule and it is done A verie easie way to describe a Towne or Castle being within the full sight thereof FOr the effecting of this you must have a frame made and crossed into equall squares with Lute strings and figured at the end of each string this frame must have a foot wherein it must be made to be lifted higher or lower as occasion serveth also you must divide your paper that you are to draw upon into so many equal squares as your frame containeth having the like figures at the ends of each line that there is on the frame before this frame must be placed a style or bodkin having a little glasse on the top of it for to direct the sight Note now that the nearer any thing commeth unto the Center the lesser it appeareth hence it is that a Towne of a mile or more long or a huge great Castle at a distance may be comprehended and that easily within the limits of so small a frame By the stile direct your sight from one part to another beginning at one square and proceeding through the rest in order as they lie Marke well the following figure How to make a Deske by meanes whereof you may draw and that most exactly with great facilitie any printed picture or sollid Image FIrst let there be a frame made and with hinges let be joynted unto a board of equall breadth unto it let this frame also have two stayes at the top at each end one by meanes whereof the deske may be raised higher or lower as need shall require then fasten to the frame a peece of pure cleare glasse fitted thereunto and it is finished The figure followeth The Deske The manner of using this Deske is thus If the picture that you intend to draw be a printed one then first fasten it next unto the Deske with waxe paste or such like upon it fasten a sheet of faire paper If it be in the day-time place the backe of it towards the Sunne if it be in the night that you worke place a lampe behinde it and so you shall see perfectly every even the least stroake of the picture which with your penne you may draw as acurately as any Limmer whatsoever If it be a solid peece then place it behinde the Deske betweene the light and the Deske then fasten a sheet of cleane white paper upon the Deske raise then the Deske higher or lower untill you see the perfect shadow of the image through your Deske and paper and then draw the posture of the Image and shadow it afterwards without the Deske as light falleth upon it An easie way to take the naturall and lively shape of the leafe of any hearbe or tree which thing passeth the Art of man to imitate with Pen or Pensill FIrst take the leafe that you would have and gently bruise the
THE MYSTERYES OF NATVRE AND ART Conteined in foure severall Tretises The first of water workes The second of FYer workes The third of Drawing Colouring Painting and Engrauing The fourth of divers Experiments as wel serviceable as delightful partly Collected and partly of the Authors Peculiar Practice and Invention by J. B â—â—â—nted at London for Ralph Mab and are to be sold by Iohn Iackson 〈◊〉 Francis Church at the Kings armes in Cheapeside 1634. TO THE READER COurteous Reader this ensuing Treatise hath lien by mee a long time penned but in a confused and undigested manner as I gathered it practised or found it out by industry and experience It was not in my minde to have as yet exposed it to the publique view but being sollicited by the intreaties of some and those not a few to impart to each particular person what his Genius most affected I was enforced as well for the satisfying of their requests as for the avoydance of many inconveniences to dispose in some order such Experiments as for the present I was content to impart Expect no elegancy of phrase for my time would not afford that nor indeed my selfe to be the transcriber I endeavored as much as I could to write in plaine termes that in regard of the easinesse thereof it might suit with the meanest capacity The whole book consisteth of foure parts The first whereof treateth of VVater-workes The second of Fire-workes The third of Drawing Painting Graving and Etching The fourth and last part treateth of severall Experiments as well serviceable as delightfull which because they are confusedly intermixed I have entituled them Extravagants Now my chiefest ayme and end being the generall good I could wish a generall acceptance but that is too uncertaine to expect I will content my selfe that I am already certaine that these my first and weak endeavours will finde acceptance with some and I hope also with all honest and indifferent Readers as for others hap as hap may me it is not to be doubted but that I shall scape as well as many my betters have done before me Farewell Your Wellwiller J. B. To my friend the Authour upon his Mysteries of Nature and Art VVHen I scan over with a busy eye The timely fruits of thy vast industry Observing how thou searchest out the heart Of Knowledge through th' untrodden pathes of Art How easily thy active minde discries Natures obscure and hidden rarities No greater wonder than thy selfe I finde The chiefest rarity's thy active minde Which so fore-runs thy age Thy forward spring Buds forth betimes and thou art publishing Ev'n in the morning of thy day so soone What others are to learne till th' afternoone Now since thy first attempts expos'd thou hast To publick censure and the Dy is cast Doubt not of good successe the early rose Thou knowst is snatcht at ev'n before it blowes Climbe higher yet let thy quick-sighted eyes Venture againe for new discoveries Nor be thou mizer-like so envious As to detaine what ere thou find'st from us No make the world thy debtor be thou still As open-handed to impart thy skill As now thou art and may thy teeming braine Bring often forth such lusty Births againe R. O. Of Water-works IT hath been an old saying amongst Philosophers and experience doth prove it to be true Non datur vacuum that is to say Nature will not admit of any vacuity or emptinesse For some one or other of the Elements but especially Ayre and Water doe insert themselves into all manner of concavities or hollownesses in or upon the earth whether they are such as are formed either by Art or Nature For the one it is so obvious and manifest as that it needs not any proofe at all As for the other I shall make it manifest unto you by easie demonstration Let there be gotten a large vessell of glasse or other having besides the mouth another hole though but a little one at the top poure water into the vessell by a tunnell thrust into the mouth of it and you shall finde that as the water runneth into the vessell a winde will come forth of the little hole sufficient to blow out a candle being held over it This proveth that before the water was poured into the vessell though to our sight it appeared to bee empty it was full of ayre which forced out of the vessell as the water ran in and the reason hereof is because the water is by nature of a massie subtill substance and the ayre of a windy light evaporative nature The knowledge of this with the rarifaction of inclosed ayre is the ground and foundation of divers excellent experiments not unworthy the knowledge of any ingenious Artist whatsoever The order of the things contayned in the first booke EXperiments of drawing water by the Crane Experiments of drawing water by Engins Experiments of forcing water by ayre compressed Experiments of forcing water by Engins Experiments of producing sounds by ayre and water Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by fire Experiments of producing sounds by Engins Experiments of motions by evaporating water Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre Of VVater-workes To draw water by a Crane TAke any vessell of what bignes you please fill it with water then take a Crane that is a crooked hollow Cane one end wherof let be somewhat longer then the other put the shorter end of it into the vessell of water and let the longer end hang out of the vessell unto which longer end put your mouth and draw in your breath and the water will follow then withdraw your mouth and you shall see the water runne so long till it come equall to that end of the Cane which is within the vessell Another TAke a deepe vessell having two loopes on one of the sides fill it nigh full with water then take a hollow Cane like unto the aforesayd but let there bee fastned unto the shorter end a wooden dish put the longer end heereof through the loopes on the side and that end that hath the dish fastned unto it into the vessell of water with your mouth as you did in the former draw out the ayre and you shall see that as the water runneth out the Crane will sinke lower and lower and so will continue running untill the vessell bee drawen empty How to make a conceited pot which being filled with water will of it selfe run all out but not being filled will not run out MAke or cause a pot to bee made of what fashion best liketh your mind and make a large hollow cane to stand up in the midst thereof having at the bottome 2 or 3 small holes let the top of this cane be close then make a hole in the bottome of the vessell and put up a little cane hollow at both ends into the other cane so that the one end therof may almost touch the top of the great cane and it is done Note that if you put into this vessel
so much liquor that it swimme above the top of the cane it will of its owne accord run and never cease so long as there is any liquor in the vessell but if you fill it below the cane it will not run at all of it selfe the reason whereof is this the ayre being the lighter element doth ascend into the higher place but being drawne as in the two first demonstrations out of the Crane or forced as in this by the weight of the water in the vessell the water then tendeth downewards unto its proper place How to dispose 2 vessels upon one foot that 〈…〉 wine may runne out of the one as you shall put water into the other LEt A B C D be the foot at each end whereof place a vessell equall in bignesse the one to the other as D E also let there passe a hollow cane from the one to the other as A R A the ends wherof must almost touch the tops of the sayde vessels in the vessell D there must bee a hollow pipe as F whereby you may by help of a tunnel powr water into the vessell also in the vessell E there must be a crane as G now if you fill the vessel E with wine almost unto the top of the crane and afterwards stoppe the mouth of the vessell that the ayre may not breath foorth it will not run of it selfe but if you put water into the vessell D the ayre contayned in it will passe through the hollow pipe A R A into the vessel E where striving for a greater quantity of roome it presseth the wine out of the vessell E by the crane answerable in quantity unto the water powred into the vessell D. How to dispose 2 vessels upon one foot the one being empty and the other almost full of wine and yet shall not runne out of the vessell unlesse you fill the empty vessell with water and then the one shall run pure wine the other fayre water LEt there bee 2 vessels placed upon one foot having a hollow cane passing from one to the other as I taught in the precedent probleme but let there bee 2 cranes as F G one in each vessell then fill one of the vessels with wine but not above the crane so it will not runne of it selfe but if you powre water into the other vessell untill it bee full it will cause that wine shall runne out of the one and cleare water out of the other To make that the water conteined in one vessell shal ascend into another vessell placed above it LEt A B C D bee a vessell having a partition in the middle as E F let there be placed upon this vessell a Cylinder of Glasse cleare and very transparant that will contayne the same quantity of water that one of the partitions will as I G H in the lowermost partition towards the bottome let there bee a cocke and out of the same vessell let two pipes be made to passe the one wherof reacheth almost unto the top of the Cylinder the other must come out by the side of the Cylinder also out of the upper partition there must come another pipe Moreover there must be a hole through the top of the uppermost partition as Y. Fill the lower partition at the pipe also the upper partition by the hole Y note then that if you turn the cocke as the water runneth out of the lower partition the water contained in the upper partitiō wil ascend throgh the pipe into the glasse Cylinder When all the water in the lower partition is runne out at the cocke then the water which before did ascend into the Cylinder will fall backe againe into the upper partition after this manner may you compose an artificiall water clocke if you note the howres upon the Cylinder and make the cocke after such manner as that the water may issue out but by droppes To make a cup or vessell that so oft as you take the liquor out of it so oft it shall fill it selfe but never runne over SVppose A to bee a vessell full of water having a pipe comming from the bottome and rising up into a cup of the just height that the vessell is of over the vessell fild with water let there be placed another vessel as E. From this vessell must come a pipe and reach with in the other vessell Now ouer this vessell there hangeth as it were the beame of a scale at the one ende whereof is fastened a peece of boord hauing a leather nayled upon the top at the other end of this beame must hang a weight but not full so heauie as the peece of boord lethered is Fill both these vessells with water and the cup also note then that if you sucke out the water in the cup by the pipe on the side of it the water in the vessell will come into it untill it is in both of equall height now as the water falleth downe in A the peece of boord that is hanged unto one end of the beame falleth after it because it is heauier then the weight and so giueth way unto the water in E which runneth into it and when the vessell is filled againe with water it beareth up the sayd peece of boord against the pipe of the vessell E so that the water can run out thereat no longer except the water bee againe drawne out of the cup Of drawing water by Engines BEfore I begin with these take a word or two by the way Let it bee a generall notion that no engine for water workes of what sort soeuer whether for seruice or meere pleasure can be made without the help of Succurs Forcers or Clackes euery of which I haue orderly explayned both by words and demonstratiue figures A Succur is a box which is made of brasse hauing no bottome in the middest of which there is a small bar goeth crosse the same hauing a hole in the middle of it this box hath a lid so exactly fitted unto it that being put into it no ayre nor water can passe betweene the creuise this couer hath a little button on the top and a seame that goeth into the box and so through the hole of the aforesayd crosse barre and afterwards it hath a little button riueted on it so that it may with ease slip up and downe but not be taken or slip quite out A Forcer is a plug of wood exactly turned and leathered about the end that goeth into the barrell is semicircularly concaue A Clacke is a peece of Leather nayled ouer any hole hauing a peece of lead to make it lie close so that the ayre or water in any vessell may thereby bee kept from going out How to harden Leather so as the same shall last much longer in succurs of Pumps then it doth unprepared LAy such Leather as is well tanned to soake in water wherein there hath beene store of iron filings a long time or else in the water that hath lien a long time
under a grinstone into the which such yron as hath beene from time to time ground away hath fallen and there setled The making of a Pumpe to draw water SVppose A B C were a deepe Wel wherein you would make a Pumpe to draw water to the surface or superficies of the earth First therefore you must prouide a pipe of Lead or a peece of timber bored through so long as will reach unto the bottome of the Well that part that standeth in the water must bee cut with two or three arches as it were if it be wood if Leade it must haue somewhat to beare it a little from the bottome that the water may thereby bee let into the pipe Towards the bottome of the pipe in the water there must bee fastned a succur also another of these succurs must be fastned about two foot aboue the top of the ground then haue a bucket fitted unto the hole of the wood or leaden pipe let it bee well leathered about and haue a clacke at the bottome of it and let it bee hanged with a sweepe as the figure sheweth note that after you haue filled the distance betweene the lower succur and the bucket with water that if you lift up the sweepe it will thrust downe the bucket upon the water and presse it the water being pressed upon by the bucket beareth up the clacke and comes into the bucket then if you pull downe the sweepe the clacke shutteth and so the water remaynes in the bucket which being drawen upward there being nothing to follow but water both the succurs open and there commeth into the pump so much water as the buckets drew out The making of an Engin whereby you may draw water out of a deepe Well or mount any River water to be conveyed to any place within three or foure miles of the same Also it is used in great ships which I have seene SVppose A B C D to be a deepe Well and E F to be a strong peece of timber fastned athwart the same a good way in the water In this planke let there bee fastened a peece of timber with a strong wheele in it as G H hauing strong yron spikes droue athwart the wheele within the creuise and strongly riueted on each side let them be three or foure inches distant from each other Let there bee likewise made in the sayde planke two holes in which set two hollow posts that may reach to the top of the Well or so much higher as you desire to mount the water let them bee made fast that they stirre not In the bottom of one of these posts there must be fastned a barrell of brasse as G H made very smooth within and betwixt those two posts at the top let there bee fastned unto them both another peece of strong timber to hold them fast lest they start asunder and in the midst of that make a mortice and in it fasten a strong peece of timber with a wheele like to the former mentioned the pin whereof ought to bee made fast unto the wheele and haue a crooked handle to turne about that by turning of it you may turne the wheele also Then prouide a strong yron chayne of length sufficient hauing on euery third or fourth linke a peece of horne that will easily goe through the brasse barrell and a leather of each side of it but somewhat broader then the horne put this chayne under the lower wheele in the Well upon both the hollow posts draw it ouer the upper wheele and linke it fast and straight Turn then the handle round and it will turne the chayne round whose leathers comming up the brasse barrell will beare the water before them this goeth very strongly and therefore had neede bee made with wheeles and wrought upon by horses for so the water is wrought up at Broken Wharfe in London To make an Engin which being placed in water will cast the same with violence on high LEt there be prepared a strong table with a sweepe fastened at the one end thereof to lift up and downe unto the end of the sweepe let there be linked a peece of yron hauing two rods of length sufficient let there bee made a hole quite through the midst of this table whose diameter let be about fiue or six inches then prouide two peeces of brasse in forme of hattes but let the brim of the uppermost be but about one inch broad and haue diuers little holes round about it also in the crown of this must bee placed a large succur and ouer it a half globe frō the top of which must proceed a hollow trunke aboute a yard long and of a good wide bore then take good liquored leather 2 or 3 times double put betweene the board and the brims of this and with diuers little screws put through the holes of the brimme screw it fast unto the top of the table Note that the table must bee leathered also underneath the compasse of the brimme of the lower brasse Now the lowermost brasse must be of equal diameter in hollownesse unto the other but it must be more spirall towards the bottome and must haue eyther a large clacke or succur fastned in it also the brim of this must be larger then that of the uppermost and haue two holes made about the midst on each side one bore then 2 holes in the table on each side of the brasse one answerable unto the holes of the brim of the lower brasse throgh which holes put the two rods of the yron hanged unto the sweepe through them and riuet them strongly into the holes of the lower brasse Place this in water and by mouing the sweepe up and downe it will with greater violence cast the water on high Experiments of forcing water by ayer compressed LEt there bee a large pot or vessell hauing at the side a peece of wood made hollow hauing a clacke of leather with a peece of lead upon it within the vessell also let there be a pipe through the top of the vessell reaching almost to the botom of it at the top of which let there be a round hollow ball and on it a small cocke of brasse Note that if you fill the said vessell halfe-full of water and blow into the hole of the pipe at the side your breath will lift up the clack and enter the vessell but when it is in it will presse down the clack blow into it oftentimes so shall there bee a great deale of ayre in the vessell which will presse so hard upon the water that if you turne the cock at the top the water in the vessell will spin out a good while Another LEt A B C D be a great vessell having a partition in the middle let there bee a large tunnell at the top of it E F whose neck must go into the bottom almost of the lower vessell let there be a hollow pipe also coming out of the partition and almost touch
the top of the upper vessell In the top of the upper vessell let there bee another pipe reaching from the bottom of the upper vessell and extending it selfe out of the vessell a good way let the top of it hang ouer the tunnell In the top of the upper vessell let there be a hole besides to be stopped with cork or otherwise when you will use it open the cork-hole and fill the upper vessel with water then stop it close againe and poure water into the tunnell and you shall see that the water in the upper vessell will run out of the pipe into the tunnell againe and so will continue running untill all the water in the upper vessell be run out The reason thereof is this the water in the tunnell pressing the ayre in the lower vessell maketh it ascend the pipe in the partition and presse the water in the upper vessell which having no other way but the pipe it runneth out thereat The forcing of water by pressure that is the naturall course of water in regard of its heavinesse and thinnesse artificially contrived to break out of what image you please LEt A B C D bee a cestern placed upon a curious frame for the purpose let the bottom of this frame be made likewise in the form of a cestern Through the pillers of this frame let there passe hollow pipes from the bottom of the upper cestern and descend to the bottom of the lower cestern and then run all to the middle thereof and joyne in one and turne up into the hollow body of a beast bird fish or what your fancy most affecteth let the hole of the image whereat the water must break out be very small for so it will run the longer Fill the upper cestern with water and by reason of the weight thereof it will passe through the pipes and spin out of the hole of the image Experiments of forcing water by Engins LEt there bee an even streight barrell of brasse of what length and bignesse you please let the bottom of it be open and let the top be closed but so that it be hollow on the outside like a basin in the midst whereof let there bee a straight pipe erected open at both ends also let there be another short pipe at the side of it which let bee even with the top of the basin on the outside but stand a little from it on the side Having thus prepared the barrell fit a good thick board unto it so that it may slip easily up and down from the top of the barrell unto the bottom nayle a lether about the edges of it and another upon the top of it on the underside of it let there be fastned a good stiffe but flexible spring of steele which may thrust the board from the bottom to the top of the barrell let the foot of this spring rest upon a barre fastned acros the bottom of the barrell let this board also have tied at the middle a little rope of length sufficient When you use it bore a little hole in the table that you set it on to put the rope thorow and pull the rope down which will contract the spring and with it draw down the board then poure in water at the basin untill the vessell be full Note then as you let slack the rope the water will spirt out of the pipe in the middle and as you pull it straight the water will run into the vessell againe You may make birds or divers images at the top of the pipe out of which the water may break Another manner of forcing water whereby the water of any spring may be forced unto the top of a hill LEt there be two hollow posts with a succur at the bottom of each also a succur nigh the top of each let there be fastned unto both these posts a strong peece of timber having as it were a beame or scale pinned in it and having two handles at each end one In the tops of both these hollow posts fasten two brasse barrels made very even and smooth within unto these two barrels let there be fitted two forcers lethered according to art at the tops of these forcers must be fastned two yrons which must bee linked unto the aforesaid beam from each post below towards the end of the barrels let there bee two leaden pipes which afterward meet in one to conduct the water up to the place desired which if it bee very high there will be need of some succurs to catch the water as it cometh The description of an Engin to force water up to a high place very usefull for to quench fire amongst buildings LEt there be a brasse barrell provided having two succurs in the bottom of it let it also have a good large pipe going up one side of it with a succur nigh unto the top of it and above the succur a hollow round ball having a pipe at the top of it made to screw another pipe upon it to direct the water to any place Then fit a forcer unto the barrell with a handle fastned unto the top at the upper end of this forcer drive a strong screw and at the lower end a screw nut at the bottom of the barrell fasten a screw and at the barre that goeth crosse the top of the barrell let there be another screw nut put them all in order and fasten the whole to a good strong frame that it may stand steddy and it is done When you use it either place it in the water or over a kennell and drive the water up to it and by moving the handle to and fro it will cast the water with mighty force up to any place you direct it Experiments of producing sounds by ayer and water LEt there bee had in a readinesse a pot made after the forme of the figure following having a little hole at the top in the which fasten a reed or pipe also another little hole at the bottom presse this pot into a bucket of water and it will make a loud noyse Another LEt there be a cestern of lead or such like having a tunnell on the top let it bee placed under the fall of a Conduit and at the one end of the top let there come out of the vessell a small pipe which let bee bent into a cup of water and there will be heard a strange voice Over this pipe you may make an artificiall tree with diuers birds made to sit therein How to make that a bird sitting on a basis shall make a noise and drink out of a cup of water being held to the mouth of it PRovide a cestern having a tunnell at the one end of the top and a little cane coming out of the other end of the vessell on the top of which let there be a bird made to sit also at the bottom of the cestern let there bee a crane to carry away the water as it runneth into the vessell Place this
vessell with its tunnell under the fall of a conduit of water and the bird will sing and if you hold a cup of water under his bill hee will drink and make a noise A device whereby severall voyces of birds cherping may be heard PRepare a cestern having divers partitions one above another let them all have cranes in the bottoms to carry the water from one to another also let each cestern have his severall pipe all of them coming out at the top of the cestern on whose tops let birds bee artificially made with reeds in them also in the top of the upper cestern let there bee a tunnell Place it under the fall of a conduit of water and you shall heare so many severall voyces as there are birds A device whereby the figure of a man standing on a basis shall be made to sound a trumpet PRepare a cestern having within on the lid fastned a concave hemisphere in whose bottom let there bee made one or two holes let there also be a hole in the top of the sayd cestern whereby it may bee filled with water as occasion serveth Also let there bee made to stand on the top of this cestern the image of a man holding unto his mouth a trumpet this image must likewise have a slender pipe coming out of the cestern unto the trumpet in this pipe or cane there must be a cock nigh unto the cestern Also there must come out of the concave hemisphere at the side of the cestern a little short pipe having a clack on it within the vessell Fill the cestern about two thirds full of water and then cork it up fast blow then into the vessell at the pipe on the side divers times and the ayer will force the water out of the hemisphere and make it rise up on the sides of it turne then the cock and the weight of the water will force the ayer out of the pipe and so cause the trumpet to sound Hercules shooting at a Dragon who as soone as he hath shot hisseth at him LEt there be a cestern having a partition in the midst in the partition let there bee a deep succur having a small rope fastned unto the top of it let the one end of the rope come out of the upper lid of the cestern and bee fastned unto a ball the other part thereof let it be put under a pulley fastned in the partition and let it be carried also out of the upper cestern and be fastned unto the arme of the image which must bee made to slip to and againe and to take hold of the string of a steele bow that is held in the other hand At the other end of the cestern let there bee made an artificiall image of a Dragon through whose body must come a small pipe with a reed artificially fastned in the upper part thereof Note then that when you put up the ball the image will draw his bow and when you let it fall the Dragon will hisse Experiments of producing sounds by evaporation of water by ayer PRepare a round vessell of brasse or latin having a crooked pipe or neck whereto fasten a pipe put this vessell upon a trevet over the fire and it will make a shrill whistling noyse To make two images sacrificing and a Dragon hissing PRepare a cestern having an altar of brasse or tin upon it let therebe in the cestern a hollow pipe turning up out of the cestern at each end also in the middle within the altar also on the side of the altar into the body of a dragon artificially made with a reed in the mouth of it Let there bee two boxes at the tops of the pipes on the ends of the cestern having two crooked pipes or cranes comming out of them Fill the boxes with water when you occupy it also put fire upon the altar and the dragon will hisse and the water in the two boxes being wrought upon by the heat of the fire comming thorow the pipes will drop into the fire These two boxes ought to be inclosed in the bodies of two images and the two short cranes comming out of them in her armes and hands Experiments of producing sounds by Engins PRepare a vessell after the forme of the figure marked with the letters A B C D place it upon a frame as F G H this vessell must have a hole in the bottom with a pipe fastned in it as Q to convay the water conteyned in it into a vessell or tub set under it marked with the letters R S T also a frame must bee fastned at the top of it as G H L having so many bels with little beaters or hammers to them artificially hanged as are requisit to expresse your de-desired tune Lastly provide a sollid peece of timber whose lower part must bee fitted unto the aforesayd vessell so that it may easily slip up and down and so high as that its foot resting upon the bottom of the vessell the upper part thereof may stand somewhat above all the bels Note likewise that that part of this wood aboue its bottom or foot must be cut away about three quarters of an inch Vpon this wood thus fitted must bee fastned severall pins equall unto each bell from the top unto the foot thereof so disposed that they may orderly presse down the inward ends of the hammers of each bell according as the tune goeth when you use it fill the cestern almost with water and put the fitted peece of timber into it and as the water runneth out at the bottom it it will play upon the bels note that it were very requisit to haue a cock fastned to the pipe on the bottom of the vessell that therewith you might at your pleasure stay the water The like engines might be made to play upon wyer strings disposed upon a concavous water to make the musick resound but because this description giueth light enough for the framing of diuers other I thought good here to omit them Experiments of motions by rarifying water with fire LEt there be an altar having a pipe comming out of it and entring the body of a hollow ball let there come out of the same ball a crane whose lower end make to hang ouer a bucket fastned to a rope and hanging ouer a pulley of which rope the other end must bee wound about two spindles hauing two doores fastned unto them and at the and of the same rope let there bee a waight fastned So the fire on the altar will cause the water to distill out of the ball into the bucket which when by reason of the water it is become heuier then the weight it will draw it up and so open the said gates or little doores Experiments of motions by rarifying ayre by fire LEt there be a round vessell of glasse or horn and on the top of it a vessell of brasse and in the midst a hollow pipe spreading it selfe into foure seuerall branches at the
bottom the ends of two of the branches must turn up the ends also of two must turn down upon these foure branches fasten a light cord with seuerall images set upon it Rarifie the ayre thē by laying a red-hot iron upon the top of the brasse or tin vessell and it will turn the wheele about so that you would think the images to bee living creatures Another way FIrst prepare a round peece of wood hauing a brasse box in the midst such as they make to hang the mariners compasse with but a good deale bigger round about this peece of wood fasten divers shreds of thin lattin standing obliquely or ascew as the figure doth represent round about these fasten a coffin of thin pastbord cut into seuerall formes of fishes birds beasts or what you please Prepare a lantern with oyled parchment sufficient to conteine it in the midst of whose bottom must bee erected a spindle with a narrow point to hang the pastbord cut into formes upon upon each side let there be a socket for to set a candle in also let there bee made a doore in the bottom to put the candles in at and after to be shut and it is done If you set two candles in the sockets the heat of them will turne the whole pastbord of formes round Amongst all the experiments pneumaticall there is none more excellent than this of the Weather-glasse wherefore I haue laboured to describe the making thereof as plainly as it possibly might be What the Weather-glasse is A Weather-glasse is a structure of at the least two glasses sometimes of three foure or more as occasion serueth inclosing a quantity of water and a portion of ayre proportionable by whose condensation or rarifaction the included water is subject unto a continuall motion either upward or downward by which motion of the water is commonly foreshewn the state change and alteration of the weather For I speak no more than what mine experience hath made me bold to affirme you may the time of the yeere and the following obseruations understandingly considered bee able certainly to foretell the alteration or uncertainty of the weather a good many houres before it come to passe Of the severall sorts and fashions of Weather-glasses THere are diuers seuerall fashions of Weather-glasses but principally two 1 The Circular glasse 2 The Perpendicular glasse The Perpendiculars are either single double or treble The single Perpendiculars are of two sorts either fixt or moueable The fixt are of contrary qualities either such whose included water doth moue upward with cold and downward with heat or else upward with heat and downward with cold In the double and treble Perpendiculars as the water ascendeth in one it descendeth as much or more in the other In the moueable Perpendicular the glasse being artificially hanged moueth up and down with the water How to make the water I Must confesse that any water that is not subiect unto putrifaction or freezing would serue the turne but Art hath taught to make such a water as may bee both an ornament to the work and also delectable to the eye Take two ounces of vardigrease in powder and infuse it so long in a pint of white wine vineger untill it hath a very green colour then poure out the vineger gently from the vardigrease take also a pint and a halfe of purifide May-dew and put therein 6 ounces of Roman vitreoll in grosse powder let it stand till the vitreoll bee throughly dissolved then mix this with the former water and strain them through a cap paper and put it into a cleane glasse well stopped and ' its ready for use Another TAke a gallon of rayn water that hath setled infuse therein a day and a night 4 pound of quick lyme stir it about with a cleane stick oftentimes in the day in the morning poure the cleere water off from the lyme into a brasse pan and adde thereto 3 pound of sal armoniack let it stand fiue or six houres afterwards stir it about untill it be of a perfect blew colour then straine it through a browne paper rowled within a tunnell and reserue it for your use This water is not so good for use as the former How to make the Circular glasse FIrst you must prepare two glasses the fashion whereof let be like unto the figures marked with the letters A B and C D. The glasse C D is open at both the ends also in the middle there is a neck comming up of sufficient widenesse to receiue the shank end of the glasse marked with the letters A B. Then fill the glasse C D a third part with either of the waters and diuide the glasse into so many equall parts as you would haue degrees rarifie the ayre in the head of the glasse A B by holding it to the fire which being yet warme reuerse the shank of it into the neck of the glasse C D. Note that if the water do not ascend high enough you must take the glasse A B out againe and heat it hotter if it ascend too high heat it not so hot If it be in the dog-dayes and extreme heat of summer 1 and 2 are good degrees if the weather be most temperate then 3 and 4 are best if a frost 9 or 10. When you haue hit an indifferent degree lute the joynts very close and fasten a ribben unto the top of the glasse to hang it by In this glasse the water will with cold ascend the glasse A B with heat it will descend the glasse A B and ascend the hornes of the glasse C D. How to make the single perpendicular glasse whose water ascendeth with cold and descendeth with heat PRepare two glasses after the fashion of these figures underset F G I I. Alwayes chuse those upper glasses that haue the least heads else they will draw the water too fast and presse it too low also let not the shank of the glasse bee too wide it is no matter to bee curious in chusing the lower glasse Hauing prouided both these glasses make a frame for them about one inch longer than the shank of the glasse F G hauing a hole at the top to put the same thorow There ought to be a great deale of care had in making the frame so that the foot thereof may bee of a greater compasse than the top to the end that it may stand firm and not be subject to be turned down which will distemper the whole work After you have provided the frame proceed to the making of it after this manner Put both the glasses into the frame and then divide the shank of the glasse F G into so many equall parts as you would haue it haue degrees write figures upon paper and paste them on with gum tragagant dissolued in faire water then fill the bottom glasse 2 thirds with the water and rarifie the ayre in the glasse F G so often untill you haue hit such a degree as is most fitting for the temper
inches Then take a iust measure of the length of the glasse K â— G and set it on the inside of the vessell A B C D from the bottom towards the top and then make a rase round about the vessell there must bee fitted unto this earthen vessell a pipe reaching from the top of the outside thereof where there must bee a cock unto it and going to the bottom where it entreth the same and againe extendeth it selfe almost unto the circle or mark rased on the vessell A B C D. Fill then the vessell with fayre water up to the rase or circle and turne the cock and put the glasse into the water and you shall see that the glasse by reason of its heavinesse will tend toward the bottom of the vessell but very slowly by reason that the ayre contained therein hath so small a vent turne an houre-glasse and at the end of each houre make a mark upon the glasse equall with the water and it is done When the glasse is quite sunke to the bottom of the water turn the cock and with one blast of your mouth at the pipe it will ascend againe Another fashioned one PRepare a vessell as A B C D having a very small cock unto it whose passage ought to bee so small as that the water might issue out but by drops Prepare likewise a vessell as E F G H having at one end of it a piller of a foot and a halfe or two foot high let there be fitted unto this vessell a board so that it may freely without stay slip up and down towards one side of this board there must be a good big hole which must bee placed under the cock of the other vessell Then fasten unto the top of this board the image of Time or Death and pointing with a dart upon the piller aforesaid turn then an houre glasse and at the end of every houre make a figure on the place of the piller that the image with his dart pointeth at and it is made For note the dropping of the water out of the cock thorow the hole of the board whereon the image standeth causeth the same to ascend by little and little Mark the figures Another artificiall Water-clock which may bee set conveniently in a double Weather-glasse FIrst prepare a cestern as A B C D partition in the middle let there bee made two pipes the one whereof must reach out of the upper cestern and descend almost to the bottom of the lowest cestern as I K the other must be a short one and haue a very small hole that the water may thereby issue out of the upper cestern but by drops also at the side nigh the bottom of the upper cestern let a small pipe enter To the upper cestern fit a board with a peece of lead nayled upon it to make it somewhat heavy so that it may easily slip up and downe in it this board must haue a loop to fasten a rope unto and you must so poyse the said board that it being hung up by a line may hang even and levell Then prepare a box to put ouer the cestern which ought to stand about six inches aboue the cestern In the top of this box let there be fastned a long pulley with a creuice to put a small rope ouer in this creuice it were fitting to fasten small pins to the end that the rope might turn the sayd wheele as the water faleth from under the board let the spindle of this pulley come out at one side of the box whereon there is a Dyall drawn contayning so many houres as you would haue it go for unto this end of the spindle let there bee fitted a needle or director to shew the houre then put a small cord ouer the pulley in the box fasten one end thereof to the loop of the board and at the other end let there bee tied a waight not quite so heauy as the board then fill the upper cestern with water and the board will presse it out into the lower vessell at the pipe O drop by drop and as the board sinketh lower it will by meanes of the rope upon the pulley turne the index fastned unto the spindle of the pulley about the dyall you may set it by an houre-glasse or Watch when it is quite downe if you doe with your mouth blow into the pipe at the side of the cestern the water will all mount up againe into the upper cestern A wheele which being turned about it casteth water out at the spindle LEt A B be a tub hauing in the bottom a brasse barrell with a hole open quite through one side of it let D E F be a wheele whose spindle must bee also hollow and haue a hole through one side of it so that being put into the hollow barrell both the holes may be equall together Note then that so long as these holes are equall together the water will run out at the spindle of the tub but if you turne the wheele to another side it will not run A water-presser or the mounting of water by compression LEt there bee prouided a barrell of brasse of what length and widenesse you please let it bee exactly smooth within and very tight at bottom unto this barrell fit a plug of wood leathered about and let there bee made diuers small holes quite through it wherein fasten diuers formes and shapes of birds beasts or fishes hauing very small pin-holes through them for the water to spin out at you shall do well to make this plug very heavy either by pouring molten lead into certaine holes made for the purpose or else by fastning some waight unto the top fill the barrell with water and put the plug into it which lying so heavy upon the water it will make it spin out at the pin-holes of the images placed thereupon How to compose a great or little peece of Water-worke FIrst prepare a table whereupon erect a strong frame and round about the frame make a moat with a leaden cestern to be filled with water let the leaden moat somewhat undermine as it were the frame which ought to be built in three stories one aboue another and euery one lesser than another Within the middle story fasten a very strong Iack that goeth with a waight or a strong spring the ending of whose spindles ought to be crooked thus Z whereby diuers sweeps for pumps may bee moued to and againe whose pumps must go down into the moat and haue small succurs unto them and convayances towards their tops whereat the water may be mounted into diuers cesterns out of some wherof there may be made convayances in their bottoms by small pipes running down into the riuer or moat again and there breaking out in the fashions and formes of Dragons Swans Whales Flowers and such like pretty conceits out of others the water may fall upon wheeles out of whose spindles the water turning round may bee made to run In
is somewhat troublesome to compose it must be made eyther of dry and light wood or crooked-lane plates or of thin whalebones covered with Muscovie glasse and painted over In the body thereof there must bee a voyde cane to passe the rope through unto the bottome of this cane must bee bound one or two large Rockets according as the bignesse and weight of the Dragon shall require the body must bee filled with divers petrars that may consume it and a sparkling receipt must be so disposed upon it that being fired it may burne both at the mouth and at the tayle thereof then hang the wings on in such wise that they may shake as the Dragon runnes along the line you may dispose divers small serpents in the wings marke the figure How to make fire Drakes YOu must take a peece of linnen cloth of a yard or more in length it must bee cut after the forme of a pane of glasse fasten two light stickes crosse the same to make it stand at breadth then smeare it over with linseed oyle and liquid varnish tempered together or else wet it with oyle of peter and unto the longest corner fasten a match prepared with saltpeter water as I have taught before upon which you may fasten divers crackers or Saucissons betwixt every of which binde a knot of paper shavings which will make it flie the better within a quarter of a yard of the cloth let there be bound a peece of prepared stoupell the one end whereof let touch the cloth and the other enter into the end of a Saucisson then tie a small rope of length sufficient to rayse it unto what height you shall desire and to guide it withall then fire the match and rayse it against the winde in an open field and as the match burneth it will fire the crackers and saucissons which will give divers blowes in the ayre and when the fire is once come unto the stoupell that will fire the cloth which will shew very strangely and fearefully How to make Balloones also the morter Peece to discharge them THe diameter of the hollownesse of the morter Peece must be one foot the longer it is the further it will carry Let the diameter of the hollownesse of the sacke be the third part of a foot and halfe a foot deepe it must have a square foot and a portfire to strew into the bottome of the sacke on the side of it this portfire is to be made like a cane about three inches long and have a bottome sodered unto the inside of the screw which bottome must be pierced with a small touch-hole This morter peece may be made of yron red copper or for a neede with pastbord armed with cord and glewed ouer but the sack and foot of it must bee made of wood and the pastbord morter must bee nayled fast upon it A Balloone must be made of canuasse rowled eight or nine times upon a Former it must bee made so that it will easily go into the morter peece into this Balloone you may put Rockets Serpents Starres Fiends Petards and one or two Saucissons to breake the Balloone then choak it up with cord and prime it with a little cane rammed full of a slow composition fill the stock of the morter peece full of whole gunpowder then screw on the portfire O then put the Balloone done to the bottom of the morter with the cane that primeth it downward into the stock then with tallow or grease stop the chinks between the Balloone and the morter and it is ready to bee discharged which you may do by putting fire to the portfire and while that burneth retreat out of harmes way A the figure of the morterpeece with its portfire O B C a Balloone ready made D an empty coffin for a Balloone Of Fire-works for the earth How to make Rockets for the earth THe moulds for these Rockets for the earth are not made like those for the ayre because that it is required that these should last longer and haue a more gentle motion obserue therefore the following directions for the making of them which may serue for all occasions without any alteration for bigger or lesser Let the diameter of their hollownesse bee halfe an inch let their hollownesse be five or six inches long let the rowler for to rowle the coffins on bee the third part of an inch thick and let the rammer to charge it bee a thought lesse let the breech bee three quarters of an inch long and let the breech enter halfe an inch into the mould then fill it with the composition proper for it obseruing those rules in the ramming it as you did in ramming rockets for the ayre when you haue filled it within an inch of the top of the mould double down a quarter of the coffin beating it with three or foure strokes of the mallet then with a bodkin peirce it in two or three places and then put in the quantity of a pistoll charge of whole gunpowder then double down the halfe of the coffin giuing it a gentle blow or two with the mallet and with a strong packthred choak the rest of the coffin and what remaineth after the coffin is choaked cut it of and it is made How to make Crackers IT is well known that euery boy can make these therefore I think it will be but labour lost to bestow time to describe their making only thus much if you would make a Cracker to giue forty fifty a hundred or two hundred blowes one after another then binde so many Crackers upon a stick so that the end of the one may ioyne to the mouth of the other How to make Trunkes THese you may make of paste-board paper or wood and of what bignesse and length you please and ram them full of the composition of Rockets for the earth if you would have them to change colour then alter the composition that is put in two or three spoonfulls of the composition of Rockets for the water and ramme that in then put in two or three spoonfulls of the composition of Rockets for the ayre and ramme that in then put in two or three spoonfulls of gunpowder dust and ramme that in doe so till you have quite filled it then tie a bottome of leather upon it and pierce it and prime it with stoupell after the same manner may you make lanternes and lights How to make tumbling balls MAke a ball of canvas and fasten in it a double Rocket for the earth you may stuffe the rest of the ball with a slow composition of two parts charcoale dust and one part of gunpowder dust mingled together and put divers petrards amongst it How to make Saucissons SAucissons are of two sorts eyther to be placed upon a frame or such like and so to bee discharged with a trayne of gunpowder or else to bee discharged out of the morter-peece The standing Saucisson is thus made you must roll paper or canvas nine
or ten times upon a roller as A B and choake the one end of it fill it then with whole gunpowder and then choake the other end also then cover all the Saucisson with cord and glew it over then pierce one end of it and prime it with a quill filled with gunpowder dust place it upon a forme having a a hole for the quill to passe thorough then fire it by a traine of gunpowder layd under the frame it will give a report like a canon marke the figure F F. How to make the flying Saucisson to be delivered out of the morter peece MAke a coffin for this as you did for the former first fill it almost with whole gunpowder then put upon that gunpowder dust which you must ramme hard into the coffin so that it may bee one finger thicke then choake it close and arme and prime it as you did the former It is represented by the figure K M. How to make a fire sword YOu must make a sword of woode having a deepe channell in the backe of it wherein place first a Rocket for the ground then two or three serpents upright with their mouthes inward let the stoupell that primeth the Rocket come under the mouth of the serpents so that being kindled it may set them on fire and enter the breech of the next rocket so fill the channell quite full with rockets and serpents binde the rockets fast into the channell but the serpents must be placed so that being once fired they may fly out of the channell and it is made mark the figure G P. The description and making of three sorts of Fire-lances TO make the first Fire-lance whose figure is noted A you must make a hollow trunk of what length or bignesse you please either of wood paper or pastbord rowled on a rowler and armed with some cord and glew first put into the bottom of whole gunpowder about one or two fingers thick then ram upon it a pastebord peirced with a little hole in the middle hauing a quill fastned in it which quill must be filled with a slow composition or else with gunpowder dust this quill must stand up in the lance two or three inches then fill the coffin up to the top of the said quill with starres and strew among the starres some gunpowder dust then put pastebord ouer them having a hole for the quill fastned in the former bottom of pastebord to passe then upon this pastebord ram gunpowder dust one or two fingers thick then put a row of serpents in and in the midst of the serpents put a cane open at both ends and filled with gunpowder dust this cane must be somewhat longer than the serpents and it must passe through a pastebord which must bee put ouer then put some more gunpowder dust and ram it in upon it and upon that put another row of serpents with a cane in the midst of them filled with a slow composition and upon them put gunpowder dust or else a slow composition ramming it in till the lance bee full then put a pastebord upon it and in the midst of the pastebord put a little cane filled with a slow composition then fasten it upon a staffe of what length you will and it is made To make the second Fire-lance you must prepare a trunk like unto the former first ram in the bottom of it some of the composition of rockets for the earth about two fingers thick then put a pastebord upon it having a petard fastned in the middest this pastebord must bee pierced in three or foure places round about the petard that thereby the powder that is rammed ouer the pastebord may take fire then ram in some more composition upon the petard about two or three fingers thick then another petard then more composition so doing untill you have filled the trunk then fasten it upon a staffe and and prime it as you did the former it is represented by the figure noted B. The description and making of two sorts of Fire-clubs TO make the first you must make an ovall ball of pastebord canvasse or parchment glewed together which you must first fill with a slow composition ram it in and then bore divers holes round about it and put therein serpents fire bals or what you will fasten it upon a staffe and prime it in the top with a cane filled with a slow composition this is represented by the figure A A. To make the second you must fill divers canes open at both ends and of a foot long or more or lesse as you think fit with a slow composition and binde them upon a staffe of foure or five foot long prime them so that one being ended another may begin you may prime them with a stouple or match prepared as before make an osier basket about it with a hole in the very top to fire it by and it is done The figure F F representeth the staffe with the canes bound upon it The figure marked G representeth the staffe having a basket wrought over it How to make a Fire-target MAke a Target of osier twigs or else of light wood binde upon it divers canes filled with a very slow composition the canes must bee open at both ends and primed with stouple that one may give fire unto another in the midst of all you may set up a large cane also if you please which you may fill with the same composition as you did the others Mark the figure L M N O Of Fire-works for the water How to make Rockets for the water THe diameter of hollownesse of the mould for Rockets that swim on the water must be one inch and eight inches long let the breech enter into the body of the Rocket one inch and it must have no broach at all in it Let the diameter of the thicknesse of the rowler bee three quarters of an inch the rammer must be a thought lesser then ram it full of the composition of Rockets for the water joyne to the upper end of it a Saucisson then couer it all over with melted pitch rosin wax or tallow to the end that the water may not spoyle the coffins and to make it float along the water binde a rod about two foot long as you did unto the rockets for the ayre now if you would have the rocket to change his actions that is to swim one while above the the water and one while under the water then put into it in the filling one spoonfull of composition and ram that in then one spoonfull of whole powder and ram that in and then another of composition and after that another of whole gunpowder so do untill you have filled it quite If you would have it change colour then shift the composition divers times that is put in one spoonfull of the composition of rockets for the water then another spoonfull of the composition of rockets for the ayre or rochpeter and gunpowder mixed untill you have
filled it How to make a Rocket that shall burne a good while in the water and then mount up into the ayre FIrst you shall make a rocket for the water and binde unto the lower end a stick about two foot and a halfe long having a large hole in the end thereof then tie unto it but loosly so that it may easily slip out a rocket for the ayre and let the stouple that primeth for the rocket for the ayre enter into the breech of the water rocket then let the end of the rod of the rocket for the ayre enter into the hole of the rod of the rocket for the water besmeare then both the rockets with tallow grease or wax or any oyle colour that the water may not spoyle the coffins of the rockets then hang a stone at the bottom of the stick that hath the hole in it to make it sink down into the water then fire the water rocket and cast them into the water the fired rocket will burne in the water and being consumed will giue fire unto the other rocket which being loosly tyed will slip the bond and mount up into the ayre This is represented by the figure G G. The floating rocket mentioned before is expressed by the figure noted I K. The description and making of two sorts of fire bals for the water FOr to make the first you must make a ball of Canvas about the bignesse of a Foot-ball or bigger if you please and fasten in it a double Rocket for the water if you will also you may stuffe the rest of the ball with the composition that will burne under the water and cut holes in the sides and therein fasten other bals and petrards in them then cover the ball over with Tallow Pitch or painting except the place where the Rocket is primed and it is done It is represented by the figure noted with A and it will tumble up and downe in the water To make the second fire-ball you must first make a ball of Canvas Pasteboard or such like and cut a wide hole in the top of it and place in it a channell of Tinne pierced in divers places fill the channell with the compositions of Rockets for the water against every hole therof place a petrard cover it with a cover pitch it over and prime it then ballast it with leade or a stone that the vent may burne upwards and it is done It is represented by the figure B. How to make a Dolphin YOu must make the body of it of Pasteboard glued together fill the body with the composition of Rockets for the water pierce it in the back with divers little holes wherein put Serpents besmeare the body all ouer with the following pap Take gunpowder dust foure ounces camphire and sulphur or brimstone in powder of each one ounce make them into a soft pap with oyle of tiles then binde unto it a large Rocket for the water which Rocket must be armed as afore that the water may not hurt it then ballast it with a wyre hauing at each end a piece of lead of weight sufficient and it is done Marke the figure I might haue beene infinite in the describing of such like with Ships Towres Castles Piramides But considering that it would but increase the price of the booke and not better your understanding since all consist of the former workes which are so plainely described as that the most ignorant may easily conceiue thereof and if any whit ingenious thence contriue others of what fashion they list FINIS THE THIRD BOOKE Of Drawing Limming Colouring Painting and Graving By I. B. LONDON Printed by THOMAS HARPER for RALPH MAB 1634. THE THIRD BOOKE of Drawing Painting Limming Graving THe Art of Drawing is in it selfe most excellent and most worthy commendations in whosoever it is yea it is an Art so necessarie unto all ingenious Artists as that in no wise they can be without it and my selfe haue found it to bee true that the sight of a good draught is more unto an ingenious person then a whole Chapter of Information Wherefore I have according unto my knowledge and practise therein faithfully penned the same for the use of all such as beare affection unto the Art and are desirous to be instructed therein And for that divers persons cannot attaine unto it or perhaps are loath to bestow any time to practise it whereby they might come to a requisite perfection for such I have set downe certaine directions and those so facile and easie that persons altogether unskilfull may having a patterne worke very well But before I begin it behooveth that I prescribe what things are to be had in readinesse to worke withall first therefore provide good smooth and cleare paper divers plummets made of blacke leade oker or blacke chalke or else Charcoals made of Ash Sallow or Beech split in sunder and pointed also a wing having provided these your implements you shall thus begin to worke First let the thing whose pourtrature you intend to take stand before you so that the light be not hindred from falling upon it and with a pointed peece of charcoale draw it rustically which when you have done consider a while whether all the parts thereof are proportionable and whether it carry the semblance of the thing that you drew it from which if it do not wipe it out with your wing and begin anew but if it be faulty on one part onely wipe onely that part out and draw it againe whensoever it liketh you or that you have so drawne it that you can finde no great fault in it wipe it over gently with your wing so that you may perceive the former strokes then with your blacke chalke or blacke lead plummets draw it as perfectly and as curiously as you can and shadow it according as the light falleth upon it This way is workeman like and the most difficult of all yet by a little practice may easily be attained unto so that the persons stand well affected unto the Art Instead of white paper you may take light coloured blew paper and draw upon it with charcoale and white chalke pointed which will shew very wel but note that after you have made your draught you must wet it in faire water and let it dry of it selfe this will make the drawing to hold fast on which would otherwise easily be wiped off This may serve for such as are contented to take some paines to attaine so noble a Science But for others there are divers other helps which follow in order How to take the perfect draught of any printed or painted Picture TAke a sheete of Venice or in stead thereof of the finest white paper that you can get wet it all ouer with cleane sallet oyle then wipe the oyle off from the paper as cleane as you can so that the paper may be dry otherwise it will spoyle a printed picture by the soaking through of the oyle hauing thus prepared your paper
read except you draw it through water wherein some powder of galls hath beene infused and so it will shew as blacke as if it had beene written with inke How to make white letters in a blacke Feild TAke the yelke of a new layd egge and grinde it upon a marble with faire water so as you may write with it having ground it on this wise then with a penne dipt into it draw what letters you will upon paper or parchment and when they are through drie blacke all the paper over with inke and when it is drie you may with a knife scrape all the letters of that you wrote with the yelke of the egge and they will shew faire and white How to sodder upon Silver Brasse or Iron THere are two kindes of Sodder to wit hard Sodder and soft Sodder The soft Sodder runneth sooner then the hard wherefore if a thing be to be sodered in two places which cannot at one time well be performed then the first must be sodered with hard soder and the second with soft for if the first be done with soft it will unsoder againe before the other be sodered Note that if you would not have your soder to runne over any one part of the peece to be sodered you must rub over that part with chalke that you would not have it runne upon Note likewise that your soder must be beaten thinne and then laid over the place to be sodered which must be first fitted together and bound with wyer as occasion shall require Then take Burras powder it and temper it with water like pap and lay it upon the soder and let it drie upon it by the fire Afterwards cover it with quicke coals and blow them up and you shall see your soder run immediately then presently take it out of the fire and it is done Hard Soder is thus made TAke a quarter of an ounce of silver and a three penie weight of copper melt them together and it is done Soft Soder is thus made TAke a quarter of an ounce of silver and a three penie weight of brasse melt them together and it is done How to gild Silver or Brasse with water-gold FIrst take about â„¥ ii of quicke silver put it into a little melting pot and set it over the fire and when it beginneth to smoke put into it an angel of fine gold then take it off presently for the gold will presently be dissolved in the quicke silver which if it be too thinne you may through a peece of fustian straine a part of the quicke-silver from it Note likewise that your silver or brasse before you go about to gild it must be boyled in argol and beare or water and afterwards scratcht with a wyer brush then rub the gold and quicke-silver upon it and it will cleave unto it then put your siluer or brasse upon quicke coales untill it begin to smoke then take it from the fire and scratch it with your wyer brush Do this so often till you have rubd the quicke-silver as cleane off as you can then shall you perceive the gold to appeare of a faint yellow colour which you may make to shew faire with sal armoniacke bole armoniacke and vardigrece ground together and tempered with water How to take the smoake of Tobacco through a glasse of water FIrst fill a pinte glasse with a wide mouth almost full of faire water fill also a pipe of Tobacco and put the pipe upright into the glasse of water so that the end of the pipe may almost touch the bottome of the glasse then take another crooked pipe and put it into the glasse but let the end thereof not touch the water waxe then the mouth of the glasse that no ayre may come in nor out but at the pipes then put fire unto the Tobacco and sucke with your mouth at the end of the crooked pipe and you shall see the smoake of the Tobacco penetrate the water and breake out of a bubble and so come into your mouth To colour Ivory or any other bones of an excellent greene colour TAke aqua fortis wherein dissolue as much Copper as the said water is able then let the bones that you would have coloured lye in the same all night and they will be like a Smaragdin colour Mizaldus How to make birds drunke so that you may take them with your hands TAke such meate as they loue as Wheate Barley and lay the same to steepe in the lees of Wine or else in the juyce of Hemlockes and sprinckle the same in places where Birds use to haunt A way to catch Crowes TAke the Liuer of a Beast and cut it in diuers pieces put then into each piece some of the powder of nux vomica and lay these pieces of Liuer in places where Crowes and Rauens haunt Anon after they haue eaten them you may take them with your hâ—nds for they cannot flye away How to take Crowes or Pigeons TAke white Pease and steepe them eight or nine daies in the Gall of an Oxe then cast the same where they use to haunt You may make Partridges Duckes and other birds drunke so that you may take them with your hand if you set blacke wine for them to drinke in those places whereunto they resort Another TAke Tormentill and boile it in good wine put into it Barley or other graine Sprinckle this in those places you haue appointed to take Birds in and the Birds will eate the pieces amongst the graine which will make them so drunke that they cannot flye away This should be done in the winter and when it is a deepe snow Another way to take Birds MAke a paste of barley meale onion blades and Henbane seeds set the same upon seuerall little boards or pieces of tiles or such like for the birds to eate of it How to make Brasse white for ever TAke Egge shels and burne them in a melting pot then powder them and temper them with the whites of Egges let it stand so three weekes heate your brasse red hot and put this upon it How to make Marble TAke â„¥ vj. of quicke Lime put it into a pot and poure upon it one pinte of good wine let it stand fiue or sixe dayes stirring it once or twice a day then poure off the cleare and therewith temper flint stones calcined and made into fine powder then colour it and make of it what you please and let them dry How to whiten copper TAke a thin plate of copper heat it red-hot divers times and extinguish it in common oyl of tartar and it will be white To make Saltpeter TAke quick lyme and poure warm water upon it and let it stand six dayes stirring it once or twice a day take the cleare of this and set it in the Sunne untill it bee wasted and the Saltpeter will remaine in the bottom How to make Corall TAke of red Lead ground â„¥ 1. vermilion finely ground â„¥ ss unquenched lyme and powder of