Selected quad for the lemma: end_n
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A50824
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The new state of England under Their Majesties K. William and Q. Mary in three parts ... / by G.M.
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Miege, Guy, 1644-1718?
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1691
(1691)
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Wing M2019A; ESTC R31230
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424,335
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944
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Indignation Your Majesty answered the Lord Mayor calmly may do what you please therein and your City of London will prove still dutifull but she comforts her self with the Thoughts that your Majesty will leave the Thames behind you This River besides is so Kind that it seldom indamages any Part of this City by its Overflowings Here the highest Tides are upon a Land-floud and the Moon at full when sometimes it does swell over its Banks But then Westminster lying low feels alone the effects of it and that seldom further than the Cellars Whereas the Chambers and Upper Rooms at Rome and Paris are sometimes overflowed Rome by the Tiber and Paris by the Seine From this River the City by Water-Engines is in many places supplied with good Water But to serve with Water the North Parts of the City as the Thames does the South Parts it has the Conveniency of an artificial River commonly called the New River which was begun Anno 1608 and finished in five Years time A noble Undertaking of Sir Hugh Middleton who for this great Work deserves his Statue in Brass This River he brought from Amwell and Chadwell two Springs near Ware in Hartfordshire from whence in a turning and winding Course it runs near upon 60 miles before it reaches this City In this Undertaking fitter indeed for a Prince than any Subject there have been six hundred Men at once imployed which was a prodigious Charge The Channel in some Places 30 foot deep in others carried over Valleys 20 foot at least above Ground in open Troughs And over this River are 800 Bridges some of Stone some of Wood and others of Brick This City besides has the Conveniency of several Conduits of Spring-Water so commodiously placed that they serve all the chief Parts of it And it is so situated that in all Parts though on the highest Ground 't is abundantly served with Pump-Water the Pumps in many Places not six foot deep in the Ground For a constant Supply of Provisions besides the fruitfull County of Middlesex in which it stands and that of Surrey on the other side of the River both which are ready at hand to furnish it with their Provisions it is neighboured with many other plentifull Counties out of whose abundance this City lives in great plenty and seldom knows what Scarcity is The Conveyance so easy both by Land and Water that no City in Europe has better Conveniencies So large fair and smooth are the High Ways that lead from all Parts to it and so convenient is the River that almost all the Fewel for firing is brought up that Way to Town The Coals from Newcastle and the Wood from Kent and Essex some of which last comes also down the River from Surrey and Middlesex Lastly as it has the Command of the Sea so there is scarce any Blessing in the Terrestrial Globe but this City has her Share in it Moreover its Distance from the Sea which is about 60 Miles is a great Argument of the Founder's Wisdom For by that Distance as it is not so near as to be annoyed by the unwholsom Vapours of the Sea or to be suddenly surprised by an Enemies Fleet so it is not so far but that by the help of the Tide which comes up every 12 hours Ships of great burden may be brought into her bosom In point of Latitude 't is in 51 Degree 30 Minutes I come now to its full Extent with its Suburbs and Places adjacent It s Length from East to West that is from Lime-house to the further end of Mill-Bank in Westminster is above 7500 Geometrical Paces which comes to seven measured miles and an half at 1000 paces a mile that is about five computed miles or two Parisian Leagues and a half The Breadth indeed is not proportionable the City being built in Length for the Conveniency of the River And yet taking Southwark in on the other side of the River as it is under the Lord Mayor's Jurisdiction and joyned to London by the Bridge this vast City reaches there in Breadth from North to South that is from the further end of White-Chappel Street to St. George's Fields in Southwark near upon 3 miles So that I cannot but conceive that if London were cast as Paris into an orbicular Form the Circumference of it would be much larger than that of Paris So much it is increased in Buildings since the dismal Conflagration in the Year 1666. But whether it is profitable to the Body of the State or not to have so vast a Head may be made a Question And if Dr. Heylin had cause to complain in his time of its being grown then too big for the Kingdom he might with much more reason do it now Great Towns says he in the Body of a State are like the Spleen or Milt in the Body natural The monstrous Growth of which impoverishes all the rest of the Members by drawing to it all the animal and vital Spirits which should give nourishment unto them and in the end cracked or surcharged by its own fulness not only sends unwholsom Fumes and Vapours to the Head and heavy Pangs upon the Heart but draws a Consumption on it self He adds further that the Overgrowth of great Cities is of dangerous consequence not only in regard of Famine such Multitudes of Mouths not being easy to be fed but in respect of the irreparable Danger of Insurrections if once those Multitudes sensible of their own Strength oppressed with Want or otherwise distempered with Faction or Discontent should gather to a head and break out into Action These are all I confess very plausible Arguments But if we consider London as it is in a manner the Head of three Kingdoms at least the Seat of their Monarch I see nothing of Monstrousness in it On the other side London having the Conveniency of the Sea and of a navigable River is so much the less subject to a Famine for that in case of Scarcity at home it may be supply'd from abroad And as in so great a Body there be commonly different Parties led by opposite Interests so there is the less Cause to fear Insurrections because one Party keeps still another in aw Just so Geneva and Hamburg two free Cities do not subsist so much by their own Strength as by the Jealousy of the several States that neighbour upon ' em But the greatest Danger incident to great Cities and omitted by Dr. Heylin is in Case of Contagious Diseases Which the more Matter they find to work upon make so much the greater havock and like a raging Fire get strength by their Motion Witness the Year 1665 when at London there died of the Plague in one day no less than 1200. When all is done I have this to urge in the behalf of great Cities that they are a visible Sign of a flourishing State and such as draws Respect from its Neighbours who look upon it as the Luxuriancy and Result of its Wealth
Escheator and other Officers to the great ease of all the Country in expedition of their Business Out of it are elected besides the two Knights of the Shire but two Members of Parliament and Chester only has the Right of Election CORNWAL the furthest County in the West of England is on all sides surrounded with the Sea except Eastward where the River Tamer parts it from Devonshire It s Length from East to West is about 70. miles and the broadest Part next to Devonshire 40. The Whole divided into nine Hundreds wherein 161 Parishes and 21 Market Towns The Country being for the most part but narrow you cannot expect here Rivers of any long Course The Tamer aforesaid is the most considerable next to which you have the Camel and the Fale Here the Air is pure and subtile but much subject to Winds and stormy Weather and more apt to preserve than to recover Health especially to Strangers The Spring is something backward here which makes the Harvest to be later than in the Eastern Parts but on the other side the Winter does prove milder The Country in general is hilly and rocky the Rocks being crusted over with a shallow Earth The Parts towards the Sea are the most fruitful both in Corn and Pasturage Which happens partly by the industrious manuring the Ground with a fruitful sort of Sand and a Sea-weed called Orewood The middle Parts except the Inclosures about Towns and Villages ly generally waste and open and serve chiefly for Summer Cattel But as to Game both for the Hawk and the Hound here 's great store of it One Thing it excels all other Counties in and that is its Tin Mines the Tin whereof goes beyond any in Europe for fineness Here is also found in some Rocks a sort of precious Stone called the Cornish Diamond shaped and polished by Nature and some of them as big as a Walnut but indeed not so hard as the right Diamond For Fishing of Pilchards this is the Place the Time from July to November When the Sea does so swarm of them that enough can be spared to supply France Spain and Italy with them in great Stores the smoaked one being called Fumados in Italy where they pass for a great Dainty In Mounts Bay is the famous Hill called S. Michael's Mount severed from the main Land by a sandy Plain which at Ebb-water may be passed over on foot A Hill that proudly raises it self to a great eminence the top of it being a small Plain the greatest part on 't taken up by an old Fort. Nigh unto the said Bay is a strong Rock called Main Amber which lieth as it were mounted on others of a smaller size with so equal a Counterpoise that it may be stirred but not moved out of its place And in S. Cleere's Parish there are upon a Plain 6 or 8 Stones such as are upon Salisbury Plain Which like them too will be mistaken in their telling so that when they are told over again they will be found either more oâ— less than before At Boskenna is a Trophy erected 18 Stone placed round and pitched 12 foot from each other with another in the Center far biggeâ— than the rest And in many Places hereaboutâ— are Pieces of Armour both for Horse and Man digged out of the Ground Among Sea-faring Men here are besideâ— the Harbours two Places of chief note â— viz. the Lizard Point and the Lands End The first is the furthest part South-West of the Goon hilly Downs a pretty large Tract 〈◊〉 Ground shooting forth from the main Land into the South Sea The Lands End is the furthest Point Westward of Cornwal and consequently of England Lanceston the County Town bears from London West-South-West and is distant there from 170 miles Viz. from London to Salisbury 70 miles for the particulars of which 〈◊〉 refer you to Wiltshire from thence to Shaftâ— bury 18 to Sherburn 12 more to Axminster 19 to Honiton 7 more thence to Exeter 12. and to Lanceston 32 more This Town is seated on the banks of a small River called Kensey and not far from its falâ— into the Tamer A Town of good Trade anâ— well inhabited whose Market on Saturdayâ— is well frequented and served with Provisions Here are held the Assises for this County The other Market Towns are Saltash Sat. Foway Sat. East-Lowe Sat. Padstow Sat. Grampound Sat. Tregny Sat. Helston Sat. Iiskerd Sat. Bâ—dmin Sat. Stratton Tue. Truro Wedn. Sat. Penrin Wedn. Frid. Sat. S. Ives Wedn. Frid. S. Colomb Thu. Falmouth Thu. Market-Jew Thu. Penzance Thu. Listhiel Frid. S. Germans Frid. Camelford Frid. Falmouth the most-frequented Place in these Parts by Mariners deserves a particular Description First it is called Falmouth from its Situation at the Mouth of the River Fale and that in a fertile Tract of Ground called Roseland which contains several Parishes and feeds great Flocks of Sheep The Haven before it is so safe and so capacious that the Town has thriven of late very much upon it the Creeks being coasted with steep Shores and so large withal that 100 Sail of Ships may safely ride at Anchor Besides it lieth more in the way of Trade to wind-driven Ships than Plimouth in Devonshire And over against it is the Castle called Pendennis erected for the better security of this Coast by King Henry VIII But that which adds much of late to the Reputation of Falmouth is his Majesty's setling of a Sea-Post here for Spain and Portugal whereby all immediate Correspondence with France is interrupted at least during this present War and the Benefit of it cut off from that Kingdom The Groyn a Sea-Port Town of Gallicia in Spain is the Place appointed to receive our Packetâ— there from thence to be distributed through all Places of Correspondence both in Spain and Portugal Lastly this Town is of some note for giving the Title of Viscount to the Duke of Northumberland Further in the County Northward lies Truro a Town of good note seated in the middle oâ— two Streams that run into Falmouth Haven and giving the Title of Baron to the Right Honourable Charles Bodvile Roberts Earl of Radnor Penrin another Town of note lies something nearer but to the Northwest of Falmouth on a Creek of Falmouth Haven Penzance and Market-Jew stand over against one another West and East of Mounts Bay the first a good traded Town the other but inconsiderable Eastward you will find Fouay East and Weâ— Iowe upon the South Sea and on the North or Irish Sea the Havens of Padstow and S. Ives The rest of the Market Towns are up in the Country This County which formerly was part of the ancient Kingdom of the West Saxons and the Inhabitants together with those of Devonshire Known among the old Romans by the Name oâ— Danmonii is now in the Diocese of Exeter Out of it are elected besides the two Knightâ— of the Shire no less than 42 Members to sit iâ— Parliament Viz. two out of