by espying certaine Worlockes which the Captaine had caused to be set as Beacons for to give him knowledge of their being In this his absence from the Admirall the Saluages had done them much violence the Captaine had taken three of of them whom he kindly intreated others of them he slew this evening he takes in his provision of fresh water He sets on land one young man to be left in the Countrey to his cruell fortune and this was done by expresse command of the State-holder of Denmarke before his comming sorth they also in the Pinnace set another on land both being malefactors giving of them small necessaries It may be those people lived a long time after and may bee yet living if the Salvages have not devâ—ured them he sets sailes and comes to Sea where he found much drift Ice with a high Sea which he thought to be a current setting through Fretâ—â—â— Davis to the Southward as by experience he proved for by observation this day at noone he was in Latitude 62 deg 40. m. whereas the day before he was in Latitude 66 deg 10 min. having made by account a S by W. way about 10 leagues this current he did find to set along the Coast of Groenland South by East 15 This day he was in Latitude 57 degrees the 16 day close weather he meetes with a mighty skull of Whales amongst drift Ice and meetes also a great current setting West North-west over for America This is the current found by Frobrisher comming from the East and butting upon the East-side of Groenland and doth strike along the Land to Cape Christianus otherwise called Cape Farewell 1 Hee met with a skull of Herrings so that he knew himselfe not farre from Orkney he was in Latitude 58 deg 40 m. and sounding had 42 fathomes very sandy ground with some blacke dents when shortly after and the same day in the evening he sounded againe and had but 20 fathomes dented ground he was neere the shore before he saw it for it was thicke weather 10 He came to Elsenore Rode in Denmarke The second Voyage of Master Iames Hall from Denmarke to the further discovery of Groenland with five Shippes observed 1606. â—7 HEe set forth from Copemanhaven and went betwixt Orkney and Shotland the 7 of Iuâ—e which day one of the Groenlanders dyed it seemed it was one of them he had brought from thence the yeare before 14 He accounteth himselfe to be 19 deg 45 min. from the Meridian of the Naes of Norway 14 He steereth away W. the wind S E. and thick weather he imagineth himselfe in 58 deg 10 min. Latit at which time by reason of a Northerly Current contrary to his expectation he had made a West way Southerly 22 leagues and then as he supposeth the Compasse varied West-ward one point 1 He sees land being 8 leag off with a great banke of Ice lying off the S W. end thereof he supposeth it to bee Busse Iland and that it lyeth more to the West-ward then it is placed in the Marine charts Steering away W by N. he was in a great Current setting S S. W. the which he did suppose did set betwixt Jseland and Busse I le over with America from hence he steeres away W N W. 6 He found himselfe to be in 58 deg 50 min. whereby contrary to his expectation he did plainly see the South-erne current to be the cause this Evening he found the Compasse to be varied 12 deg 5 min. West-ward this Night their Pinnace and Vice-admirall come foule of one another 8 He was in 59 deg 30 min. and findes still the Current and variation to carry him to the South-ward of West 10 He sees the Coast of America in Latit 60 deg 16 min. about 9 leagues off and findes the needle varied 23 deg W. the hill tops were covered with snow the shore to the N. full of Ice he had a Current set West into the shore and indangers him Had not a gale fresh at S West brought him off 18 Vntill this day he passed many Mountaines of Ice at Noone was in 63 deg 45 min. Latit 19 Being amongst much Ice and plying to get cleare saith he seeth the Land of America in 64 Latit it lay S and N. very high and ragged covered with Snow He findes still a strong Current to the West from the Latit 51. his Compasse was placed ¾ of a point to East-ward of N and was carried almost 4 points to West-wards beyond his judgment he found this Current to set W N W. the Compasse varied 23 degrees From the 20 vntill the 25. he passeth and traverseth over from the West side for Groyneland and had sight of Queene Annes Cape 10. leagues off 27. He seeth the Capes he named the last yeare as Cape Annt Cape Sophy the Foords also as Rumells foord Christianus foord and puts into Coninghams foord where he saith the Silver was The Salvages come on board and barter with them for Iron with Seale skinnes and Whale-fynne he searcht vp the Foord and findes it to be but a Bay with many greene and pleasant Ilands the people to the number of 25. followes them with their Boates some of his men on Land travailes vp the Mountaines and sees raine Deere 6 There fell some small difference amongst them about choosing of an anchoring place the water being deepe and they removing from their first Road-sted further vp the River where it floweth S E. and N W. in Latitude 66 deg 25. minutes 9 The Captaine went vp the River with his Boate where they came to see their winter Houses which were builded with Whales bones the baulkes thereof were of Whales ribbes and covered with Earth they had certaine vaults or roomes vnderground 4 square two yards deepe in the Earth The towne consisteth of about 40. houses they found the buriall of their dead the Corps wrapped in Seale-skinnes and stones laid in the manner of a Coffin over them This day they take 5 of the inhabitants to bring into Denmarke to be informed of their Country which they call Secaâ—â—nga and say that within the Land they have a great King who is carried vpon mens shoulders 10 They come forth of Rumels foord and in great danger got to Sea being inforced betweene certaine Ilands which lye off Cape Sophie 4 leagues into the Sea the last yeare he named them Knights Ilands being got there he came into 66. deg 50. min. Laâ—it W N W. from Cape Sophy 15 leag off 18 He goes within sight of shore being all high land like Ilands and great store of Ice betwixt him and the same 28 He coasted to and againe amongst Ice vntill this day having had a storme and meetes one of his Fleete which had beene separated from him he fell with two bankes of Ice and is 8 leag off Desolation by account but could not
the Iles of Gods mercy the Master sent this Author over to discover this Iland to the North and north-North-West he met with a covery of Partridges and kild onely the old one it was barren land having nothing thereon but water plashes and torne Rockes as though it had beene subiect to earthquakes to the North of this Iland there is a great bay or Sea they know not what it may prove there was a great Iland of Ice on ground which with the spring tide was set on float and carried to the N W. but came not backe within sight here they found some drift wood on shoare From thence he stood to S W. to double the land to the W. off him through many peeces of Ice at length he found a cleare Sea and raised land to the N W. whereupon he stood more to S. then before and fell amongst Ice which he would have doubled to the N. but could not then he stood to the S W. amongst the Ice and strove to get to the land but could not for the Ice from out of this bay he stood to the North and was soone cleare of the Ice then he stood to S. W. and W. where he was inclosed with land and Ice having land on the one side from the S. to the N W. and on the other side he see land from E. to W. but the land that lay to the N. and lay E. and W. was but an Iland he went so farre as he could and made fast to the Ice the tyde brought upon him but the ebbe did open and made way and 7 or 8 houres he was cleare and with the great Ilands of Ice was carried to the N W. He stands to the W. along the S. shoare and raised 3 Capes or headlands one above another the middlemost is an Iland with a Bay which he thinkes will prove a good harbour he names them Prince Henries Forland when he had laid these he raised another which was the extreame part of the land looking towards the N. upon it are two hils but one above the rest like an humlocke he names it King Iames his Cape to the N. of this lyes certaine Ilands he names it Queen Annes Forland he still followed the N. shoare beyond the Kings Forland there is a Bay wherein lyeth some broken land and close to the maine but he passed by on the night From thence he stood to the N. and W. to double this land againe and fell with land that stretched from the maine like a shoare from S to N. and from N to W. and downe to S again here a storme takes him and he stands to N. and raises land then he stood to S. againe for he was loathat any time to see the N. shoare the storme continuing and he comming to the S. he found himselfe shot to the W. a great way which he mervailed at considering his leaward way to S. W. ward off this land there is a hill he named Mount Charles to the N. and beyond this is an Iland that to the East hath a fore head land and beyond it to the W. other broken land where he thinks may be found a good harbour he names this Cape Salisbury He then left those lands to the North-East and fell into a ripline or overfall of a current which he thought to be shoald water but had no ground he put on still in sight of the South-land and raised land 2 leag from the maine he tooke it to be the North maine but it proved an Iland having a very faire Head-land to the West which he named Cape Digges on the other side to the East was another Cape or head-land which he called Cape Worstenholme betwixt which two he sailed South He sends the Boate on shore to Digges his Iland and in her going she was overtaken by a storme of Raine Thunder and Lightning they came to the N East-side being high-land but with much adoe going to the highest part they find some plaine ground and Deere 4 or 5. And after 16 in one Heard but could not come nigh them with Musket shot Thus going from place to place they see to the West a Hill higher then all the rest it was steepe and they could not get vp to it but on the South-west side and on that side was a great water pond from whence on the South runneth a streame of water as much as would drive a Mill falling into the Sea and in this place bred great store of Fowle and the best grasse grew there they had seene since their comming from England they found Sorrell and Scurvey-grasse in great aboundance they found likewise Hills made like to hay-cockes within which were great store of Fowle hanged by the neckes they tooke many of them and downe a valley carried them to their Boate. In this time the Master had brought in the Ship betweene the two lands shot off some peeces to call the boat on board for it was a fogge they perswaded him to stay heere for refreshing but he would not but sailed downe to the S. the land beares E from him and the same Maine that he had all the time followed he looseth the sight thereof because it fell away to the East and after he had sailed 25 or 30. leag he came to shallow water broken ground and Rockes which he passed to the S. and in a storme of winde the water still shoalding he came to anchor in 15 fathomes After this he wayed and stood S E. for so the Land laid and came to have land on both sides then he anchored and sent the Boate on land the Land on the W. was a very narrow point and to the S. there was a large Sea He stood to the South betweene these two Lands in this place not above two leagues and in the sight of the East-shore in the end he lost sight thereof and came into the bottome of a bay into 6. or 7. fathom water then he stands vp againe to the N. by the West-shore vntill he came to an Iland in 53 deg where he tooke in water and ballast From thence he passed to the N. but some 2 or 3 dayes after there fell some reasoning concerning their comming into this Bay and going out the Master takes occasion to reviue old matters and displaces his Mate Robert Ivet and also his Boate-swaine for words spoken in the great Bay of Ice he places Robert Bylot his Mate and William Wilson Boate-swaine and then stands vp to the N vntill he raised land and then downe to the S. then vp againe to the N. and then downe to the S. and on Michaelmas day he came in and went out from certaine Ilands which he sets downe for Michalmas Bay from thence he stood to the N. and came into shole water the weather thicke and foule He anchored in 6 or 7 fadomes and lay there 8 dayes before which time he could
well say one degree more on land to the Northward hee then saw good reason for it At 8. this night the weather being a little cleere with ebbe he wayed and plied to windward to get about the N. W. end of the Iland and being about the West point the ebbe being dâ—ne he saw another point open upon him that bore N. the winde at N. W. in 33. fathoms the weather thick and bad he anchored where in lesse than one houre the tyde of flood came most strong as before from N. W. and by N. whereby he concluded having brought the Northerne point N. from him thaâ— it was the true Channell tyde for had it beene otherwise it would have come as the land lay which was N. but now being open of the land and finding it to come from the N. W. and by N. he faith in his judgement that course and N. N. W. must direct whomsoever shall seeke this passage hereafter And the rather to continue himselfe in this opinion he now to late found that those that were this way first himselfe the last yeere were all of them deceived of the set of the tyde within Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland for there they found it come more Westerly which was caused by many broken Ilands that lye to the Westward of it which he never sawe untill his returne homewards And upon this tyde if I can judge saith he we cannot be deceived for this caveat he doth give to whomsoever shall succeed him in this discovery That whensoever he loseth his strong tyde or finds ground in 200. fathoms let himselfe he is out of his direct course for finding of this Voyage So this his experience upon his unhappy counter-course taught him that whensoever it is to be found it must bee in deepe water and in a strong tyde and in this course that he took he hopes it will not be imputed an errour of his for what he did in the directing of it for it was to follow the letter of his instructions For albeit he was precisely tyed to stand with Hudsons Westerland in 58. d. yet he never came much to Leeward of 61. d. till he was encountered with land 200. leagues Westward from Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland How much in effect I received in a Manuscript from Sir Thomas Roe besides divers others towards the furtherance of my Voyage But further from Abacuk Pricket who saith they came not through the maine Channell of Fretum Hudson nor thorow Lumleys Inlet but that he came through into the Mare Hyperborum betwixt those Ilands first discovered and named Chidleys Cape by Captaine Davis and the North part of America called by the Spaniards who never saw the same Cape Labradorr but it is meet by the N. E. point of America where there was contention amongst them some maintaining against others that them Ilands were the Resolution which Josias Hubbart withstood untill he stood himselfe into the danger of displeasure but at length it proved a new streight and a very straight indâ—ed to come through which resolved all doubts but hereupon all their plots and Iournalls This part which came unto my hands I have writ thinking there may be some that will protract the same he met no Ice in his home comming untill he came into Fretum Hudson and but little there Iournals more taken from them and therefore who doth desire any further satisfaction from this Voyage must seeke it from Sir Thomas Button onely Pricket saith that they were at home in 16. dayes Concerning the Voyage of Captaine Gibbons with a Ship called the Discovery vitled for 12. Monethes in the yeare 1614. LIttle is to be writ to any purpose for that hee was put by the mouth of Fretum Hudson 28 with the Ice driven into a Bay called by his Company Gibbons his hole in Latitude about 57. upon the N. E. part oâ— Stinenia where hee laid 10. weekes fast amongst the Ice iâ— danger to have beene spoyled or never to have got away so as the time being lost hee was inforced to returne The Voyage of Robert Bilot yet forth by Sir Dadley Diggs Mr. Iohn Wolstenholm Alde man Iones 16. 15. in the discovery of 55. tunnes burthen Written by William Baffine THis Robert Bylot had beene in this ship all tâ—â— 3. voyages before viz. Hudson as you finde by Pricket Sir Thomas Button and Gibbons and therefore was a man well experienct that way his company consisted of 16. men and 2. boyes he anchored in Lee read the 18. Aprill 6 Vpon this day he had sight of Groenland on the East side of Cape Farewell that night he had a great storme but hee kept southerly to get cleare of the Ice that lay on shore Hee kept his course untill the 17. day seeing many great Ilands of Ice some doth affirme that there is not above one 7. part of the Ice above water saith Baffine hee observed one peece to be 140. Fathome above water this day hee came to the firme Land of Ice as hee supposed being in 61. 16. the Latitude of the S. part the I le Resolution then hee asked opinion concerning putting in amongst the Ice saying the Sea was on the N. side of the South channell and much Ice hee must passe and if he could get but 2. or 3. Leagues within the Ice it would open every Tyde and so hee should get something on his way having all the channell to the S. on him and with this resolution he put in W. E. N. E. wind this first entrance Baffine liked not well finding scarce a place to put the Ships-head into being 30. Leagues from any Land towards evening they were fast amongst the Ice 22. Sometimes ere day the Ice would something open and so made what way hee could to the N. W. in for the shore untill this day the wind all South yet hee could see plainely so that he seekt to the Southward doe what he could This day the wind came up at N. N. W. and hee determined to stand forth againe for if the wind had come'd at N. E. it had beeene impossible for him to have fetcht any part of the channell againe for he thought he drave fast to the southward with South wind yet he had not seene the Land 23. Hee was also determined to spend 20. or 24 dayes in Fretum Davis to see what hopes would bee that wayes supposing there would be little good done in Hudsons straights for the time limited hee plyed to get to Sea-ward and at Clock 8. in the night hee was cleared from the Ice hee then changed his opinion and stood to the N. all hee could as the Ice would give him leave câ—mming 30. Leagues to N. E. by N. in Latitude 61. d. 50. m. at Clocke 6. the wind came N. N. E. 26. This day was faire and coole but the after noone was close and hazie hee tooke in his sayles and held untill
setting more strongly into Fretum Hudson then the ebbe doth set forth doth haile in those mountaines bred in the W. side of Fretum Davis into Fretum Hudson as they are passing by to the South As also this may be noted that here and especially nere within the mouth of this strait the Compasse doth almost loose his sensitive part not regarding his magneticall Azimuth without much stirring the smooth water may be some cause the Ship wanting her active motion but I should strange that the cold should benum it as it doth us Nay I should rather thinke that the sharpenesse of the ayre interposed betwixt the needle and his attractive point may dull the power of his determination or here may be some mountaines of the one side or the other whose Minerals may detaine the nimblenesse of the needles mooving to his respective poynt but this I leave to Phylosophie By this time the kind E N E. breese hath brought me nere the Iland of Nottingham and I am making ready to send the boate on land within 2 miles to try the tyde having cast the lead amongst shels and stones 35 fathomes deepe Sir Dudly Diggs his Iland bare from mee W S W. the E. part of Nottingham E S E. the Pole elevated 63 d. 12 m. and comming betwixt Cape Wolstenholme and the E. end of Nottingham at noon I met the ebbe comming from the N W. as I could perceive by the overfalls I towed my boate into 19. fathomes and sent her on land driving along the Iland untill her returne These Iles as Resolution Salisbury and Nottingham are Da 15 high at the East end and low at the West this Iland was also named by Master Hudson in due bequest to that most honourable Lord Charles Hawvrd Earle of Nottingham then Lord high Admirall of England a small remembrance for the charge countenance and instruction given to the Search of the enterprise and though smaller yet being by his Lordship Moneths July accepted neither time nor fame ought to suffer oblivion to burie for whensoever it shall please God to ripen those seedes and make them readie for his sickle whom he hath appoynted to be the happie reaper of this crop must remember to acknowledge that those honourable and worthy personages were the first Advancers The boate went at clocke 5 in the afternoone they were away 5 glasses it was flood and in one houre it flowed 10 inches they said that it had 2 houres to slow and had about 2 foot to high they brought a little fire-wood and 3 stint birds they found the foundation of an old Tent at their comming on board the W. end of the land bore N and by E. the S E. end S by E. I edged off untill I brought the N W end N E. the E. end E by S. there I caused the boate to anckor in 60 fathomes the tide came from S E. 2 leag a watch We see great store of Sea Mors playing by the Ilands side from thence I directed the course S W. with carrying away with stiffe gale from S E with both top sailes a trip all the night being twi-light clear some few Ice was in the way but by the helpe of the same thankes be to God wee shunned them This morning clocke 8. I had sight of Mansils Ile for I fell right with the North end thereof it is lowe land but the highest is to the East at that instant I had also sight of Sir Dudly Diggs his Iland and I was not certaine whether I saw the East Mayne or no for a fogge came on presently Master Hudson also named this Iland of Sir Dudlie Diggs a gentleman who hath planted many of the best Vines in this Vineyard succeeding his father and Grandfather in the Mathematicks whose learned knowledge together with his purse added no small proportion to this building to whom my selfe and many others of my quallity shall be still beholden while times age continues This afternoone was 2 fogges 2 cleares the 3 was wet fog at clocke 7. I thought I see Cape Pembrooke upon N. Mayne at clocke 4. before I had 90. fath this afternoone wee see many Sea-Mors and had store of Ice W from this Iland of Sir Robert Mansils I thinke so named by Sir Thomas Button as also Cape Pembrooke Southampton and Carie Swans nest the last most eminent of the 3. I stood as ice would give leave S W. and to the Westward at clocke 8. wee clewd up Moneths July all sailes and drive 2 leag in 18 houres The next morning 4. wee had 120 fath owsie grownd at 7. before the deepe was but 96. here we see Sea-Mors had one sight of the Sunne in the afternoone and all this day we heard the Sea beate upon the ice to windward of us Wee stood 2 glasses to the North with wind at East to get Da 18 cleare off the ice wee drive in all this last night and had those depths at 55. 55. 54. the lead brought up a little white Corrall I set saile this day at clocke 4. and thought then that I see land at N. it was hazie and at clock 12 I thought I had got as much as I lost the day before I pusled all this day amongst the ice and at night was glad to make fast to a peece whereon was a white Beare the ice here is not so dirty as it hath been and I iudge my selfe now not farre from Carie Swans nest Was foggie and calme the wind all over the afternoone Da 19 began to cleare the Beare came againe and wee pursued him from ice to ice he swimming and diving at length the Master kild him with a lance and wee made about 12 gallons of oyle of him although he was but young some of it wee eate boyld without any taste at all but like beefe but being roasted it tasted oylie and rammish This night was cleare above head but fog bankes about the Horizon at clocke 12 there was Pettiedancers or henbanes as some write them North in the firmament betokening a storme to follow within 24 houres there was many Starres also in appearance as those of note Charles-Wayne Auriga Botes and Antonius I could have no observation for ice and fogge dimmed the horizon I thought I see land againe at clocke 8. and had deepe 70 fathomes The Master cald to make loose this morning and all those Da 20 3 or 4 dayes wee have beene fast I cold not observe any thing of the tydes set yet I doe account wee are not far from Carie Swans Nest Wee steered as ice would suffer betweene W N W. and W S W. and did iudge wee made way about 4. leagues and one mile easie winde and reasonable cleare at clocke 9. wee make fast to the ice a reasonable Moneths Iuly distance from a low Iland as I seemed for it thought I could see both ends Vpon sight hereof I caused the Boate to be anchored betweene the ship
as followeth may better satisfie then the historie it selfe can jâ—lusâ—erate The Example ADmit a ship to be nere the shore to the N. W. of the point of Portland in Dorset-shiere with easie S. S. W. gale standing W. close hal'd the Flood-tide being comming in from about the Berry into the Bay of Lyme falling S. E. into the Race shall take the said ship vpon the Lee-bowe and in despight carrie her into the Race at the S. point of Portland it setting E. where then shee shall stemme the same whose greater force she not being able to ouer-haile shall tacke her about the said Point and then setting E. N. E. and N. E. vpon her wether bow shall carry her into the grasse now with same wind same tide and same winding shee shall bringe the same land W. S. W. or S. W. vpon her this same happened to me at this new head-land which being in the night did not a little stumble mee to find out vntill my remembrance questioned with my experience to find the cause which otherwise we must haue thought that wee raised a new land for which similie as other jnducements to the furtherance of this enterance I haue named the same fore-land my Lord Westons Portland Heere followeth the Demonstration The tydes do abate to morrow being quarter day the last Moneths September night was some lightning This day wee see the Sun but to no use I drive along the coast with an easie breath from N. some snow fell Standing along this coast betwixt the Queenes Cape and Da 22 L. Westens Portland I named another headland Cape Dorchester remembring Captaine Davis writeing of Secretarie Walsingham who saith that at his death this Voyage was left freindlesse though I am sure this Noble Successour revived it againe with his best furtherance and my incouragement I came to this Cape at 6 this morning I had along the land 20 fathomes there are store of Sea Mors in this Sea the land doth lye full of Snow it freezeth the very Ship side and steepe tubbes the Capes as L. Westens Portland and Cape Dorchester are distant about 20 leagues the land stretching to the S E. to the North of L. Westens Portland I named Foxe his farthest the deep Bay or Inlet to the S. betwixt the same and Cape Dorchester I named the North side Poynt Barte that on the South browe Carleton This Meridian I was in 65 d. 30 min. Cape Dorchester bore S E. by E. 4 leagues I have come backe againe from L. Westens Portland 26 leag S E by S. which is about 1 deg 5 min. and I was to the W. of it 12 min. added maketh 1 deg 17 min. to 65 deg 30 min. maketh 66 d. 47 min my furthest N. this day the wind was all over at clocke 4. it came to the North and having stopt the flood tyde going 2 knots ½ I wayed and came along S S W. and S W. by S. as the land did cost and fell into 40. 60. 78 fathomes and then it being night I did recount I was past the overfals to S the Queenes Forland then I directed the course to be S. This morning Aurora blusht as though shee had ushered Da 23 her Master from some unchast lodging and the ayre so silent as though all those handmaides had promised secrecy the Eastermost of Mill I le bore S E. by E. the North Mayne from the Kings Promontory stretching E. away Prince Charles his Forland so named by Bilot bearing E N E. and at the East-â—ide of the said Forland goeth in a very fayre sound I named â—t the Prince his Cradle an Iland on the West I named his Nurses of this Cape 1 league I had 120 fathomes the Prince his Forland doth lye 5 leagues S E. from the Kings Promontory yesterday the Carpenter laid downe haveing not Moneths September beene well for diverse dayes before it was little wind with great store of Henbans and Pettidancers a common incident to these parts in cleare nights This fayre day wee came along the North Mayne E S E Da 24 with N W. wind 10 leag distant from the Princes Cape E South-East lyeth a fayre Cape I named Cape Dorcet and 3 leagues to the East of that is another I named Cape Cooke in due respect to Sir Iohn Cooke Secretary of State with a deepe Bay betwixt them as it were halfe incircleing an Iland remote from the Mayne I named it Ile Nicholas the former names given as Cape Linsey Cape Portland Cape Dorcet Cape Dorchester Cape Cooke I gave in duetifull remembrance of those Lords Commissioners for the Admiraltie whose furtherance and countenances in my dispatch for his Maiesties Pinâ—ace the Charles I had towards the accomplishment of this designe I le Nicholas I named it in remembrance of Master Edward Nicholus Secretary to the said Lords whom I have often troubled I named those Capes as the occasion in my discoverie offered it selfe The land to the East from Ile Nicholas along the North Mayne lyeth in sight North East by East and the same Mayne from Cape Dorcet by Cape Cooke lyeth East by North about the former distance at the end thereof there is no land to be seene to the N. I directed the course from Ile Nicholas E S E. This evening clocke 8 I was distant as before from the I le 8 leagues and Salisbury was from mee West by South one halfe Southerly 12 leagues I lancht away from hence true Course as all is set downe East South East This noone I had steered this course 4 watches 25 leag Da 25 to bring mee betweene the Salvage Iles and Prince Charles his Cape upon the South Mayne at this time the body of the â—ortheâ—most I le bore from mee N N E. one halfe N about 6 leagues the night was close but faire weather this night and last day wee came by many small Ilands of Ice all the small chattered which this strait laid so full of being desolved and gone for we see none since we came from Sea Horse Poynt this day was some Snowe God continue Moneths September this W N. W wind for wee have many that already have made a Scurvie Voyage of it the Mr. is up againe running as before 5 leagues at clocke 4 Cape Charles bore S W. by S 1 â— S. about 12 leagues off These Ilands called Salvage Iles lye N. W. from one greater Iland I cannot say it to be the North Mayne because it doth bend to the Northwards both from the W. and E and therefore the W. end I take to be that named the Queenes Cape at the E. end doe lye 2 Ilands the one bigger the other lesse I named the one Sackfield the other Crowe after Sir Sackfield Crowe late Treasurer to his Majesties Navie from the W. to the E. of this land or Iland is many showes of Sounds or Bayes ragged and high the land being barren to sight From the last noone to this I made
shoare from the N E by â— to the W. by S. the N. 12 leagues off the W. part 20 leagues he had no ground at 180 fathomes and he thought hee see land bearing E N E. on the Suns side but could not make it perfectly here he found the latitude 62 deg 50. min. 2 This day he had sight of a Faire headland 6 leagues off which he called Salisburies Foreland he ran from thence W S W. 14 leagues in the midst of which he came in to a great whirling Sea whither caused by the meeting of a streames or overfals he knew not thence sayling W by S. 7 leagves farther he was in the mouth of a straight and had no ground at 100 fathomes the straight not being above 2 leagues broad in the passage in this Westerne part which from the Eastern part of Fretum Davis is distant 250 leagues 3 This day he put thorough this passage which was narrow after his men had been on land that did observe the flood-tide did come from N. flowing by the shore 5 fathoms After he had sailed West by South 10 leagues the land fell to the Southwards and the Iles to the West left him he observed and found himselfe in 61 d. 20 m. and a Sea from the Westwards He names the Cape on the Star-board C. Digges being an Iland that on the Larbord stands upon the maine named by him Cape Worstenholme here is all I finde extant of his owne writing although he lived untill Iuly following before he was exposed A large discourse of the said Voyage and the successe thereof written by Abacuk Pricket Who lived to come home They came to the Iles of Orkney and from thence to Farre one day being calme they fell to fishing and kild good store of God and Ling from thence they raise the Iles of Westmony in one of which the King of Denmarke hath a fortresse by which they passed to raise the Snow-hill-foote a mountaine so called on the N W. part of the land and in that course they see the famous Mount Hecla which cast out much fire a signe of foule weather to come they leave Island on sterne and met a maine of Ice lying upon the Northpart thereof which when they see they stood backe for a Harbour in Island called Derefer where he kild good store of Fowle from thence they put to Sea againe but the wind not serving he puts back againe into another harbour called Lowsie Bay heare they found a Bath so hot as would scald a Fowle He put forth for Groenland and thought he saw land but iâ— prooved a fog banke He raised Groenland but great store of Ice hung upon the land this land is Mountainous with hils like Suger loaves covered with Snow He coasted along betwixt W and N W. untill he saw Dissolation which is a great Iland on the N W. part of Groenland here he saw great store of Whales some came about and under the ship but did no harme From hence he directed his course N W. and would have hailed more Northerly if the winde would have suffered him in this course he see the first mountainous Ice about the last of June he raised the land N. off him he tooke the same to be that Iland which Capt. Davis set in his Chart on the W. side of this straight he would have gone to N. thereof but the winde would not suffer him so he fell on the Southside into a great ripling or overfall of a current into this current he went and made his way Northward off W. untill he met with Ice which hung on this Iland wherefore he cast about to the South and cleared himselfe and then stood to the W amongst some store of sloting Ice and upon the Ice store of Seales he still made way N W. and meetes sometimes with Ice and then againe cleare thus proceeding betwixt Ice and Ice he sees a great Iland of Ice overtumble which was a good warning to him not to come neere them the next day he had a great storme and was driven to put in amongst the Ice and there to lye some of his men fell sicke he will not say for feare though he see no other signe of griefe The storme ceasing he put from the Ice standing W S W and N W. and as the cleare Sea and Ice would suffer him seeing the sea thus continued he would seeke to the S. but the more he strove the worse he was for he was fast inclosed and began to dispaire as he after told this Writer hee thought he should never have got out of this Ice but there haue perished Wherfore he shewed him his Card that he was 100. leag further than ever any English man was and referred to their choyse to proceed further or no whereupon some wisht them at home others any where so from amongst the Ice but in this distraction there passed words which was thought upon long time after There was one told the Master that if he had a 100 pound he would give 90 therof to be at home but the Carpenter made answere and said if he had 100. he would not give 10 upon any such condition but would hold it as good money as ever he had any and by Gods leave to bring it as well home well to worke they goe and with labour get the ship cleare the sea being also cleere a league or 2 off the course now is N N W. in the end he raised high land at S. W. covered with snow and names it Desire provokes he heard the noyse of a great overfall of a tide that came out of the Land and now he could well discerne that formerly he had beene imbayed and that Time made his acquaintance so well knowne to the Ice that when wet fogge or foule weather came he should make fast to the broad peece of Ice and run and sport and fill sweete fresh water upon the same after he had brought this land to beare S off him he had a current or tyde to open the Ice being carried first one way and then another but in bayes they lay as in a pond without mooving in the Bay wherein he was thus troubled he see of those Icie mountaines on ground here was 120 and 140 fathomes of water and here he sees a Beare upon the Ice his men gave chase to him but lost him by the tydes carrying away the Ice the Beare was gone out of their reach He continued his course towards the North-West and raised land to the North and Ice where there was a Beare which came from Ice to Ice untill she came neere them and then she runne away hee stood along on the South side of this land meeting with Ice which seeing he stood into the shore and found a harbour in the West end of this Iland he went over one Rock of two fathomes and a halfe and at low water it was so much bare he names it
one pound of Candles allowed for one weeke as a great dainty And when Rob. Juet said that by his reckning they were within 60. or 70. leagues of Ireland they had 200. leagues thither their course was much longer though evil stony for their men were so weake as they were faine to sit at the Helme Then Robert Juet dyed and the rest despaired and said they were past Ireland their last Fowle was in Stepetub and the men cared not what end went first The Master was glad to doe their labour and his owne tackling going to wrack and none regarding to helpe the same In this extremity it pleased God to give them sight of Land not farre from the place where the Master said they should fall which was the Bay of Galloway to the West of the Derses so they stood along to the South W. and espied a saile which was a Boat off Foye at anchor fishing this Barke brought them into Beare Haven here they stayed some few dayes and dealt with the Irish for Reliefe but found none for in that place there was neither bread drink nor money or Country men which were then on fishing they found as could in kindnsse that they would doe nothing without present money In the end John Waymouth one of the Barke brought them in and furnished them with money upon pawne of their best Anchor and Cable wherewith they brought Bread Beare and Beefe Now as they were beholding to Waymouth so were they beholding to Captaine Tayler for making their Contracts and for their mens wages who would not goe with them home except Waymouth would passe his word Whereupon Taylor swore he would presse them and if they would not goe he would hang them In conclusion they agreed for 3. pound 10. shillings a man to bring the Ship to Plimouth or Phalmouth and to give the Pilot 5. pound and if they were put into Bristow they were to have 4. li. 10. s. a Man and the Pilot 6. li. and omitting further circumstance they came to Plimouth from thence to the Downes from thence to Gravesend and so to London where the Master had this Writer to Sir Thomas Smiths The Printer on the behalfe of Pricket FOr as much as this may happily be suspected by some not so friendly to Pricket who returned with that company who so cruelly had exposed Hudson and therefore may seeme to lay heavy imputation and rippe up further occasion then they will beleeve he saith also he added the report of Thomas Woodhouse one of the exposed Company who ascribed the occasions of discord to Juet I take not on mee to sentence no not to examine I present the evidence just as I had it Let the Bench censure with both eares that which they may see with both eyes and there note to which I first prefixed his letter to Master Samuel Macham Master Macham I heartily commend me unto you I can write unto you no newes though I have seene much but such as every Fisherman haunting the Coast can report better than my selfe We kept our Whitsunday on the N. E. end of Iseland and I thinke I never fared better in England then we feasted here they of the Country are very poore and live miserably yet we found there store of dainty fresh Fish and dainty Fowle I my selfe in one afternoone killed so many as feasted all our Company being 23. persons at one time onely with Partridges besides Curlew Plover Mallard Teale and Geese I have seene two hot Bathes in Iseland and have beene in one of them We are resolved to try the utmost and lye onely expecting a faire winde and to refresh our selves to avoide the Ice which now is come off the West Coast of which we have seene whole Ilands but God be thanked have not bene in danger of any Thus I desire all your prayers for us Iseland this 30 of May. 1610. A note sound in the Deske of Thomas Woodhouse Student in the Mathematicks and one of thâ—se exposed with one Hudson in the Shallop THE 10. of September 1610. after dinner our Master called all the company together to heare and beare witnâ—sse of the abuâ—e of some of the company it having beene the request of Robert Iuet that the Master should redresse some abuses and slaunders as he called them against this Iuet which thing after the Master had examined and heard with equitie what hee could say for himselfe there were proved so many great abuses and mutinous matters against the Master and action by Ivet that there was danger to have suffered them longer and it was fit time to punish and cut off further occasions of the like motives It was first proved to his face by Bennet Mathew our Trumpeter upon our first sight of Island and hee confest that hee suppos'd that in the account would bee man-slaughter and prove bloody to some Secondly at our comming from Island in the hearing of the company hee did threaten to turne the Ship head home from the action which at that time was wisely pacefied by the Master in hope of amendment Thirdly it was deposed by Phillip Staffe our Capenter and Arnold Lodlo to his face upon the holy Bible that he perswaded them to keepe Muskets charged and Swords ready in their Cabbines for they should be charged with shot ere the voyage were over Fourthly we being pestered in the Ice he had used many words tending to mutinie discouragement and slaunder of the action which easily tooke effect in those that were timerous And had not the Master in time prevented it might easily have overthrowne the voiage and now lately being imbayed in a deepe Bay which the Master had desire to see for some reasons to himselfe knowne his words tended altogether to put the company into a fright of extremity by ventring in cold jesting at our Masters hope to see Bancum by Candlemas For those and divers other base slaunders against the Master he was deposed and Robert Bylot who had shewed himselfe honestly respecting the good of the voyage was placed Masters Mate in his stead Also Francis Clements the Boateswaine at that time was put from his office and William Wilson a man thought more fit preferred to his place this man had basely carried himselfe to our Master and to the action Also Adrian Mâ—tter was appointed Boatswaines mate and a promise from the Master that from this day Iuets wages should remaine to Bylot and the Bosons overplus of wages should be equally devided between Wilson and Iohn King to the owners good liking and one of the quarter Masters who had very well carried themselves to the furtherance of the businesse Also the Master promised that if the offenders yet behaved themselves honestly he would be a meanes for their good and that hee would forget injuries with other admonitions Here the Reader may observe a plaine expression of Hudsons good carriage made concerning the voyage and pithily demonstrated which makes mee ready to call
a travis And above all the variation of the compasse whose wonderfull opperation is such in this Bay encreasing and decreasing so suddainely and swift being in some part as in Wolstenholmes and Smiths Sound varied above 5. points or 56. d. a thing almost incredible and almost matchiesse in all the world besides so that without great care and good observations true description would not have beene had In fine whatsoever my labours are or shall be I esteeme too little to expresse my thankfull mind for your many favours wherein I shall be ever studious to supply my other wants by my best endeavours and ever rest at your worships command William Baffyn The Journalls of his Voyage set forth at the charge of the right worshipfull Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Dudley Diggs Knight Mr. Iohn Wolstenholme Esquier and Mr. Alderman Ioanes with others in the Discovery Robert Bylot Mr. himselfe Pilot. 1616. HE set from Gravesend and went about by the W. by Ireland and the first Land hee saw was within Fretum Davies in 65. degrees 20. minutes on the 14. May the forenoone and 6. of the people being on fishing came to him to whom hee gave small peeces of â—ron and they keeping him company with great love suppose he had intended to come to anchor but when they see him stand off from shore they followed a while and then went away discontented as he thought Hee prosecuted his voyage being loth to Anchor as yet although the wind was contrary but plyed to the N. ward untill he came into 70. d. 20. m. there he entred a faire sound neere Cape Davies his London coast the people espying him with great wonder and gazing fled away in their Boates and after this night hee saw them no more yet they left there Dogs running to and fro upon the Iland At this place hee stayed two dayes taking in water and doing things needfull the Tydes not rising above eight or nine foote made him dislike of the passage it floweth ¼ past 9 upon the change day the Tyde commeth from the South At N. Sun hee set saile and plied to the Northward with flood Tyde Hee found a dead Whale about 26. Leagues from the shoare hee made fast to her and got some sinne out of her the next day he was enforced by storme to leave her having stood from her not above 3. Leagues N. W. hee came toIce then and tackt into the shoare againe and a great storme ensued This day he came faire by Hope Saunderson Captaine Davies his farthest betweene 72. d. and 73. that evening at N. Sunne hee came to Ice which hee put into plying all the next day to get through He was cleere off the Ice and not farre fromshoare the wind North East hee put in amongst divers Ilands the people seeing him fled away leaving behind and under a small Rock hidden two young Maids or women the Ship riding not farre off the Master with some others went on Land they making signes to bee carried to the Iland where their Tents were there adjoyning When they came there they found two old women more the one to estimation 80. yeares the other younger there was also one woman with a child at her back who had hid her selfe amongst the Rocks untill the other had told her how kindly they had used them in giving them peeces of Iron and other trifles in change whereof they gave them Seale skins other things they had none save dead Seales and fat and blubber which the poore women were very diligent to carry to the Boate and put into their Casks making shew that the men were over at the Maine and at another small Iland something more Eastward then they made signes to them that hee should shew them his shippe and set them where the men were the foure youngest came into their Boat and when they were in the Shippe they much wondred and they gave them of his meate which they taâ—ing would not eate two of them hee set to the Iland where they found the men to be the other two he set to their Tents againe those thâ—â— went to seeke the men could not find them but came backe to the Ship againe and were set over to the other side This place they called Womens Iland it lyeth in 72. degrees 45. minutes the Flood commeth from the S. ward at deepe Tydes the water 〈…〉 not above 6. or 7. foote S. S. E. Mâ—one 〈…〉 full â—â—â— the â—nhabitants being very poore living châ—eâ—ely upon Seales flesh dried which they eate raw and cloâ—â—â— themselâ—es with the skinnes as also they doe cover their Tents and Boates therewith which they can dresse very well the women differ from the men in apparell and are marked in the face with divers black streakâ—s or lines the skinne having beene raised with some sharpe Instrument when they were young and black colour put therein so growne in that by no meanes it can be got forth Concerning their Religion he saith little onely they have a kind of worship or adoration to the Sunne to which they will point striking their hand upon their breasts and crying Elyoute there dead they bury on the sides of the hills where they he making a pile of stones over them yet not so thick but that he could see the dead body the aire being so piereing that it keepeth them from stincking savour so likewise hee hath seene there doggs buried in the same manner This day hee set saile from thence with faire weather the wind contrary yet hee plyed it up betweene the Ice and shoare as it hath beene in a channell of 7. or 8. Leagues broade on the 9 〈…〉 was in 74. â— â— much pestered with Ice neere â— small Ilands lying 8. Myles from shoare where hee anchored Those Ilands hee taketh to bee frequented by people at the latter end of the yeare as it seemed by the houses and places where their Tents had stood but as yet they were not come the flood Tyde was very small not rising above 5. or 6. foote yet the ebbe runneth with indifferent stream caused by the melting snow from off the mountaines Seeing that as yet hee could not proceed hee determined to stand in for the shore there to abide untill the â—ee were more consumed which he plainely saâ—â— to wast very fast hee came to anchor 73. 45. m. here hee continued 3. dayes without any shew or signe of people This day there came 42. of the Inhabitants in their Canoes they gave him Seale skinns and many peeces of the horne of Vnicorne and shewed him divers peeces of Ice Mors teeth making signes that to the N. ward were many of them hee gave them in exchange thereof peeces of Iron glasses and Beads 4. severall times they repayed to him bringing alwayes of those commoditie aforesaid by reason whereof he called this place Horne Sound Here hee staid 6. dayes and on this day at night sets sayle with
authority thereof vpon the paine of severe punishment as well to him that shall first heare and conceale the same as to the first beginner That no man doe offer to filch or steale any of the goods of the Da 5 Ship or Company or doe offer to breake into hould there to take his pleasure of such provisions as are layd in generall for the whole Company of the Ship nor that any Officer appointed for the Charge and oversight thereof doe otherwayes then shall be appointed him but shall every man bee carefull for the necessary preservation of the Victuall and fuell conteyned in the hould and that also every Officer be so carefull of his store as hee must not be found vpon examination to deserve punishment That no man doe grumble at his allowance of victuall or steale Da 6 any froâ— others nor shall give crosse language eyther to superiour oâ— equall in reviling Words or daring speeches which doe tend to the inflaming of blood or inraging of choller remembring this also that a stroke or a blow is the breach of his Maiesties peace and may not want his punishment therefore as for other reasons That at the Boatswaines Call all the whole Company shall apppeare Da 7 above Dicke or else that his Mate fetch vp presently all such sloathfull persons eyther with Rope or cudgell as in such cases deserve the same The Quarter-masters shall looke into the Steeredge while the Captdine Master and Mates are at Dinner or at supper That all men doe duely observe the Watch as well at Anchor Da 8 as vnder sayle and at the discharge thereof the Boatswaine or his Mate shall call vp the other all praising God together with Psalme and Prayer and so committing our selves both soules and bodies Ship and goods to Gods mercifull preservation wee beseech him to steerâ— direct and guide vs from the beginning to the end of our Voyage which hee make prosperous vnto vs Amen I Set sayle from Deptford and comming by Greenwich where Da 5 Moneths May. then the Court lay I'discharged my Ordnance twice being 7. in number and this night anchored at Erith This day I came to Graves-end where having bought some Da 6 things needfull I set sayle againe and anchored that night betwixt â—he Shooe aud Whittaker This day passing by Essex and Suffolke it being in the night Da 7 and calme I anchored in Yarmouth Roades This day I weighed and set sayle at night I was thwart the Da 8 Shield This day I was put into Flambrough roade with much raine Da 10 and winde at N N W. I came into Whitby roade where I stayed with contrary Da 11 windes untill the 14 day I sayled along the Coast of Yorkshire Durham Northumberland Da 14 and Scotland to St. Tabs-head I was thwart of Buckhamnesse in Scotland where standing Da 15 to the Northwards with sharpe winds I broke my Maine-yard in the middest I came into Durt-sound a harbour in the greatest Iland of Da 16 Orkney but could not heere be provided of a new Maine-yard Wind contrary At clocke 3. in the morning I weighed and went out betweene Da 18 Pape Iland and Sanda at the Northend of the two heads of this Iland there lyeth a Rocke in the midst which doth so straiten the Flood-tyde it bounding thereon from out the Westerne Ocean that I was two houres overhaling ¼ of a mile for thereabouts is the length of that straitnesse and yet I dare say we went above 6. knots in halfe a minute I stood from hence N N W. with the N. part of Ways or Da 20 Hays Iland in 59 deg 8 min the ebbe comming forth carried Da 21 vs it being calme 9. miles to the S W. end which is a very steepe or perpendicular Cliffe against a very high Sea from the West course W N W. The rest as followeth in my booke of Courses Latitudes Variations and Distances The gale increasing I was enforced to hand both top-sayles Da 22 the Ship fell so deepe and shipped so much water forward oâ— in that high Sea comming from the West From this day untill the 23 I did not make above 17 leag Da 23 way W N W. it being faire weather with easie wind upon all points of the Compasse I had no ground at 200 fathomes I was this noone in 59 deg 5â— min. the weather faire and Moneths May. Da 24 cleere the Sunne setting and rising in our sight This morning came a great Whale by us the last night Da 25 and this day was calme we made small way the weather hot as it hath been since I came from Orkney latitude 59 d. 56 no ground at 335 fathomes It was faire weather and easie wind latitude 60 d. 0 min. Da 26 at night the Sunne went cleare to bed the variation taken by amplitude was 8 degrees This day the 28 and 29 the wind contrary I was in traverse Da 27 had little sight of the Sunne since the 26. It was easie wind and close weather and I observed in 58 Da 30 deg 39 m. I caused 3 peeces of Ordnance to be strooke into the hold and two of my greatest Anchors to be taken of the bowes at night I found a drift tree but it would not make me a maine yard It was faire dry calme and close weather since the 26 and Da 31 the great Westerne Sea was not downe untill this day This day was a faire wind with wet foggy weather Moneths June Da 1 I had faire winds but thicke close weather Da 2 This fulsome ugly morning presented the foulest childe Da 3 that the whole voyage brought forth with such variety and changes of the Elements Ayre and Water as if all had conspired to make our destiny fatall I lay a try in the Mizen course and caused the Carpenter to make loose and strengthen the fishes and wouldings of the maine-yard which being done I caused the Mizen to be strucke and the helme to be put on weather to try if the ship would weathercoyle if I had occasion to which she obeyed presently so as I was then put into good assurance of her quicke steerage against I was to enter into the Ice This day were many gusts of wind with small raine Da 4 This day was lesse wind and I made good way to the Da 5 Westwards Faire weather I continued my course to the Westward and Da 6 being in 60 d. 31 m. I directed the course W. by S. Faire weather but no Amplitude since the 26 of the last moneth here was much driftwood I proceeded with easie winds but faire thicke fog which ended in raine the Seas set from S S E. the wind changeable Da 8 Moneths June Faire weather the Sea so smooth as it had been made ready Da 9 to have been bowled upon Some fog and easie wind the ship made way to the Westward Da 10 the Sea exceeding smooth but no amplitude of long time Faire weather and easie winds I
upon the North part of America wherein he found Deere the other is Cumberlands to whom he dedicated other Ilands in his furthest West in a passage he entred 60 leagues but he came backe Notwithstanding those Nobles others were at great charge in his setting forth as may be observed by the naming of Lands as Mount Raleigh Hope Sanderson Cape Chidly now but not rightly called Buttons Ile Moneths June for to use his owne words speaking by Warwicks Forland this Cape as it was the Gulfe wee passed over the 30. of this moneth so was it the North Promontorie or first beginning of a very great Inlet whose South lymit at this present wee see not which Inlet or Gulfe in the night wee passed to our great admiration for the waters fall and he saith that having past the mouth of this Gulfe he fell with the Southermost Cape thereof which he named Chid lies Cape Having made this Cape which to doe I stood over as neere as I could for ice but was at least 6 leagues off it appeared high and 4 distinct Ilands in number I iudge there is more being now assured that God had sent me into the passage I stoode over to the North with Cape Warwick the middle Channell was cleare of ice and therein I had a good observation of 61 degrees 10 min. cleare weather and a constant gale otherwise I durst not have stoode to the Southwards remembring Gibbons it blew in both topsailes but towards night the wind lessened and I could perceive the ice betwixt me and the Cape to drive to Seaward of which neere the shoare was great store The flood comming on I caused both Topsayles to bee cast over and wee threed it betweene Ice and Ice with a well bent flood inwards so as that we had got above the Ile that tyde if this faire day had not ended in fogge A motion was made before this to looke for harbour but that I denied for those reasons given that I did not know what danger might fall me if I had put into the shore where lay much yce as we could see and what yce or sunke Rocks might be in the way I was as ignorant of besides not knowing whether the wind would serve to bring me in a safe roade and how the Tyde might set to turne or sayle in as occasion might fall out but the worst was and that was most I feared the wind might Souther and then there being such store of yce in the passage would inforce all the harbours full and so might cut my cable and put me on shore upon the Rockes it flowing much water there as Bassin reports with these reasons wee were all perswaded to ply it up amongst the Ice in Sea roome rather then to indanger our selves in Moneths Iune harbour or neere the shoare where for certaine the broken Rockes the grounded Ice the small Ilands by restraining the Tides must make them Reverse with Counter-sets and Eddies as may be observed by London bridge the bases of whose Arches being set in the Tides course doth so restraine his motion that the following streames by heightning the waters causeth such a Current as it were to ingulfe by the fall thereof as you see the water men cannot keepe their boates even on the Counter tyde wheeling on her of the one side the eddie coursing her upon the other not joyning their separations but goeing as it were distracted above Cole-harbour before they come to themselves againe to passe Westward and all this hazard is to no purpose for wee are safer at Sea besides wee are not sure of any refreshing and if wee were wee have no neede being but newly come from home and if the wind come to South and so Eastwards to North-East wee being in the Sea may proceede night or day but in harbour wee cannot and therefore to take harbour were vanity unlesse to loyter spend away and consume time the thought whereof is ridiculous the Fogge and night came both together and having the last 24 houres quitted aboundance of Ice to Seaward which might serve as a Baracadoe if the Wind should come from thence and keepe us safe amongst it as after blessed be God it proved wee made fast to a peece of Ice filld fresh water thereupon and went all to our beds save the watch this fogge night was calme This misty morning made the Sunne clime 10 degrees in Da 23 height before he could peepe through the same which afterwards prooved a very faire calme hot day making both Ice and Pitch runne but the ship was inclosed amongst the Ice driving with ebbe and flood about 2. leagues from the South end of Resolution I had no ground at 180 fathomes some of my men said they saw smoake on land and after it prooved true for Captaine James was in harbour there all that same time my Master went with boate and kild 9 willicks whereof he kindly bestowed upon every Messe one they make strong and good pottage I pressing hard for getting cleere that I might proceed was Moneths June demanded why I made such haste answered that as every Mountaine consisted of severall peeces so did my Voyage upon Fathomes which must be measured here with speed though afterward I might take leisure which added one to another might in time compasse all the Mountaines of the world and that it fared with me as with the Mackarell-men at London who must hasten to Market before the fish stinke This evening the Sun set cleare the Ayre breathed gently from the East and we lay quietly all night amongst the Ice This morning the wind began to gather strength from the Da 24 E S E. the flood came on and the Ice began to separate I caused one peece to be made fast unto the ship with 2. Grapnels to the intent to towe it at the ships sterne mooring the ship so thereunto that she might make way N W. for the North shore for that it hath been alwayes said that the North side was cleerest from Ice thus made fast although the wind forst on the ship yet her way was so easie as she could take no harme if she had touched upon the same because this trayle or drag stayed her way but the wind blowing on the ship broke one Grapnet off by the Arme of the flooke and bended the other so as we were loose from thence but meeting great store of driving Ice I caused to make fast againe for safety where we were presently inclosed for many miles This morning the ship broke loose from that peece I was Da 25 made fast unto the ship and tackling being more in the winds power then the Ice it being lower caused her to drive faster I caused the Spritsaile to be loosed to binde the ships Stem to the Ice which gave alwayes way with the flood which set Westward So the East wind forcing it backe made it cloze with the ebbe returning Eastwards which put mee in good hope that
the N. W. of the Kings Cape 3. Islands passeable round about standing like an Equilaterall triangle which I named Trinitie Isles in the remembrance of the house of Deepeford Strand A 4th Da 18 and out-most I named Isle Cooke thinking of my good friend and countenancer Mr. Walter Cooke an assistant in that Corporation This little recreation wee had at this Celebration hath much comforted our men that were aboue and something cheered those that were downe as the Master the Boate-swaine his mate the Gunner Carpenter Exposer Russell yet they seeme to bee the worse since this certaine triall of the tide to come from S. E. with his constant flowing and ebbing doth make them conceiue that this hard labour is in vaine Yet they say nothing to mee but that the N. W. tide was mistaken for the Masters of the Trinity House were very carefull that I should bee well man'd so that I had not aboue 5. but were capable of an accompt and therefore the easier to bee gouerned and more helpefull to the designe thus wee ended the euening in feasting and reposed vntill clocke 12. in the night and then wee weighed ankor againe Mr. Hurine and my selfe hoping by this faire meanes to jndure our sufferings thereby to see the hopes of the supposed passage this way This ebbe wee held it vp vnder-â—aile and ankored not This day wee plide about the Queenes Cape the S. side Da 19 thereof is all Rocks small Islands shelues and ouer-falls from 45. fathoms into 20. the land to the N. of the Queenes Cape doth lie N. E. this Cape doth lie in aboue 65. deg 13. min. of latitude it hath beene showers of snow all day I ankored at Clocke 5. in 30. sathomes blew oaze the ebbe was come on and therfore wee came to a sharpe bitter before our ship staid this Tide run from the N. E. as the land wended 3. â— â— miles an houre The night Tide I plide vp N. E. 6. leagues and stopt in 23. fathomes clammy oaze 4. leagues from land at first comming Moneths September of the flood tide it came W. and in 3. glasses it set round about by the S. to the N. still running without any stop heere doth appeare to bee Islands and through lets that doth after the Tides course when hee beginneth not to take his Currant vntill the ½ flood bee past and then hee retaineth his constant course It is now and then snowing I rid now in latitude about 65. 50. min. the day came on and Da 20 I see the land lie along N. E. by E. with 2. Islands neere the one a league off the other bearing S. E. and S. E. by E. coâ—se weather some snowie the low water slacke was this day at Clocke 11. I made way from 11. that I weighed anchor to 5. 12. leagues N. E. by N. when I raised a point or head-land of good height decfending to the Sea or W. wards the Throughlet or Bay on the Starbord as I did coast the E. side I could not see the bottome not of 7. or 8. leagues deepe I had 43. fathomes oazie ground from this Cape the land doth trent to the S. ward of E. the further I came to the N. wards I haue still darker nights the Moone is waineing and it's could weather Comming neere vnto this Cape I see many ouer-falls and races in the Tides face being deeper with more breacke then heretofore so as I caused an ankor to bee made ready hauing then 20. fathomes but before I came to the first ouer-fall I had but 7. 8. 10. differing as fast as the lead went down I anchored in 8. the Cape bore S. S. W. 2. leagues off at the full Sea slacke I could see betwixt vs and the Cape all broken grounds and the ebbe came on so swiftlie as it was bent before wee could get vp our anchor thinking to fall from those ouer-falls and wee were iust at the S. end of those broken grounds the land stretcht away S. E. from hence it runs about ½ Tides for the broken grounds were drie within vs before the Tides returne To conclude I doe account this Cape to lie some mi. within the Artick Cirkle it stretcheth E. wards as before which in hazie weather as in the night is easie to discerne in those parts for the land lying hid in snow doth cause a white reflexe in the Ayre all night as though it were dawning or twi-light before and after sun-set this Cape I named my Lord Westons Portland Hauing weighed ankor I stood off N. by E. and N. N. E. 10. leagues thinking to stand with the W. side that thereby Moneths September if I had found the land to stretch to the E. and S. ward as this did the flood going accordingly would haue giuen good satisfaction to his Majestie but I was not able the reasons you shall find after the sequill of this journall amongst the reasons for my home comming this yeere and ankored some-while before the ebbe had done running in 28 fathomes I commanded the watch to trie the streame of the Flood-tide by the log when it was bent â—n the fourth glasse of the watch my selfe comming foorth of my cabbin and looking ouer-board see the Tide did not goe aboue 2. knots the watch answered that it did not runne so fast as at first commâ—ng on then it went 3. ½ but was now abated I was no sooner laid downe in my cabbin but that I heard the Cabâ—e run forth and wee had all much adoe to bring the shippe to a bitter before it was out end for end Now you shall vnderstand that the ankor had Cadged a great while when comming to take a sudaine hold broke the two Lashers of our stoppers and hal'd the Cable about the bitts the tide taking the ship away E. 4. knots ½ shee hauing driuen an honre or more before In the morning the land beare S. by W. from vs so that wee though wee had run through it the last nights ebbe when it prooued the former as Lord Westous Portland for in that bearing i seemed like an Isleland the deepenesse of the Bay to the S. E. tooke away the sight of any other land for making account that the ebbe set W. standing as before 10 leagues from the Cape it should haue beene so but finding it otherwayes as wee stood with ebbe S. W. wee were drawne into the Bay on the S. side of the Cape where we espied the land to stretch as it did the day before with the same for me which I drew then I knew that for certaine it was the same Portland wee stood Da 12 along S. S. W. this ebbe and got not so much with both ebbs and wind by 2. leagues as wee lost the flood betwixt them But â—ot the Sea-mans better vnderstanding of this I conceiue it may bee made appeare by a familliar example nearer our owne doores and especially by both example and demonstration here
to begin at the mouth of the River Thames towards which two Tydes resort And at the mouth thereof it floweth a S. and N. Moone at the S. Foreland S S. E. in the Channell of the I le of Wight S. E. or S. E. by S. at Plimmouth E. at the Gulfe where the Ocean doth first enter our Channell E. N. E this reckoning goeth against the Sunne and Moone yet this is the way to finde the Sea from whence the tide doth come Likewise along stthe North coast there commeth another tide to the saide River bringing the like flowing and almost answerable at the same distance for from off Harwich it floweth S. S. E. at Yarmouth S. E. at Laresnesse E. by N. at Whitby N. E. at Barwick N. N. E. at Backhaâ—â—nesse N. by E. in Orkney N. Now we know that both those Tydes the one from the North the other from the West came both out of the Westerne Ocean and that from the North by the lands trenting his channell his Current from the West Eastwards to S. E. as at I â—mmouth to S. S. E. as at St. Lawrence W. to S. E. as at Hambrough to S. as at Hull to S. W. as at Harwich and to W. into the said River of Thames So as here it is made manifest that both Tydes comming out of the Western Ocean E doth in the end goe or set just against themselves as they set at their first comming from the Ocean And therefore why wee you not thinke that the land to the West in this passage shall bend towards the South into Mare del Zur as it doth here trented within this Bay S. W. by S. from latitude 64. 1 â— to 59. but to draw these points to a head it is said these Tides met at the Keâ—tish â—nocke and turne their streames into Thames it not being able to retaine them both the other parts are turned along the coast of Flanders Holland Frisland and Zutland where those sides doe end by reason of the Baltickes Seas bottome it being farre unto beside the strait Channels betweene it and the sound It is made now heare to appeare that he that will seeke the Ocean as the Atlanticke to the West or the Hiperâ—orian to the North for the moâ—th of the River of Thames must follow the Tyde one thing is to be observed that it â—loweth more water upon this coast of England then it doth upon the other coasts mentioned the reason may be because England standeth nearer the West Sea Listen now againe how places farre remote from these our neighbour Channels doth correspond with them as in Grâ—enland it â—lowed E. and W. Moone and following the tide 1â—0 leagues to Resolution it flowed E. S. E. as before and so the â—idâ—â—etting in with the Sunne untill it flowed S. by W. at Swaâ—â—es Nest and there is lost in Hudsons Bay so that it holds the same quality in the processe of time with the former from the West and it is apparent that to seeke the Ocean from the bottome of Rivers deepe Bâ—yes or within lands as the Mâ—diterraniâ—n or the Bâ—lâ—icke we must find the flood tide and follow it downâ— the hill of time I meane proceeding against it we shall shorten the flood as this day we shall be where it floweth a S. Moone which we account to bee 12 of the clocke to morâ—ow we shall be where the same Tyde flowed but 9. So that I being but allowed what experience doth make due unto me both neare home and else where I make no doubt but to prove this passage It followeth now to parâ—allâ—ll this supposed passage with those formerly declared and certainely knowne beginning at Port Nelson where I had the exâ—ctest account of his flowing point and climing the flood for so he must conceive that sayleth against Tide found that it flowed there a South East Moone at the Checks where I was on land it flowed E. S. E. at Bâ—gges his Mathematickes East at Brooke Cobham E. be N. at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome E. N. E. Now it is prooved that the course time and change of this Tyde doth correspond with all other Ocean Tydes it running also halfe Tyde which is the floods running still the way of sâ—ood untill it be halfe â—bbe on shore the â—bbe running likewiâ—e his course in continuance untill the water bee halfe flowed upon the shore so as it cannot be said to want any joynt or member of an Oceans flood but may rightly bee tearmed a limme thereof It may be objected that although by all likely hood that is a passage yet it may prove to be a great distance to saile through and how shall a man doe to know when he is thorow that thereby he may direct his course Southward I answere it can be no great distance for that the water doth heighten in Spring-Tydes almost as much water at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome in the Spring Tydes as at C. Warwicke which standeth in the edge of the Hyperborion Ocean and therefore how can this Tyde come farre from his sea and bring constantly as much water as it floweth in any place that standeth neere the Oceans lips How can then the Mare del Zur be farre from hence for the distance betweene Cape Warwicke and Swans Nest is not above 200 leagues where this Tydes quite consumed so at the like distance from Sir Thomas Roes Welcome This new Tyde along that Bay holds the same untill in the bottome thereof it be consumed for I have heard from some that if North winds doth not inforce the Tydes that they doe not flow above two foot in Hudsonâ— E. and W. Bay Me thinketh there is three materiall proofes that maketh better for our purpose for to answere and free this doubt though all the rest of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Master Wills makes for the passage The first is that the Cosmographers of China doe extend their coasts to the N. E. even to the 50 d. of latitude and may doe further for any thing they know The second is Paulâ—â—Venetus that lived there and sayled from Cattaâ— 1500 leagues North-East and might have gone further for any land he see The 3. is Barnard la Tore the 4 may be the ships found by Francis Wasques at Sierra Nevado not being of America but were a moneth in comming thither from Asia all making that this passage cannot be long for that they of Asia extend the breadth of their country so farre to East Beside Francisco Gaule the Spanish Pylot reports of a high set of a Sea from the Northward in his passage from Japâ—n to Callyfornia which he sayth continued howsoever the windes blew this doth shew the Sea to be open to the N. for the like may be observed upon our N. coast about Whitby where the highest set of the Sea commeth from the N N W. although that poynt bloweth oblicke to the coast yet there is more Sea therwith then the N. E. wind bringeth that blowes
noone the weather was close and began to blow hee was then 15. Leagues N. N. W. from the Cape he doth not write whether true course or no but in all the former Hopes Advance unto this Cape I have writ by him according to the true course and had 95. Fadome which made him assure himselfe that the Land winded a way more northerly and thereupon at noone hee stood away N. E. and by N. hoping that course would have bettered his depth but on the contrary for in 2. glasses he shoalded to 60. Fathoms then he hayled away E. S. E. assuring what experience had often shown him that as the water shoalded so the Land winded At 3. in the afternoone the weather thick the wind increasing and hee in 60. Fathome knowing there was no better depth to the N. ward hee stood E. S. E. till 8. at night having 50. Fathome the weather bad and night at hand hee stood about and kept it up with short sayle all that night betweene S. W. and by W. and W. S. W. From midnight till 7. this morning as from 8. last night till midnight thus standing brought him into 80. fathom he cast about to the Eastward with much winde at S. S. W. hazy and thick weather he heeled it up in courses and Bonnets till clock 2. they being starke calmed as it is a speciall note every Blower ends with a starke calme in those parts being then in 65. fathom E. he anchored and rid untill 4. in the evening when a smal gale rising at S. S. W. he waighed and stood S. E. guiding himselfe by his depth for the winde would not give him leave to better his hopes 17. From midnight to 8. this morning as the night before after that time there is small worth the Luke to write upon thaverse and his greatest depth 140. fathom untill the next day in the afternoone and then he had sight of the same Cape he sent his Boat unto the 14. day before It bore from him N. N. W. by compasse about 7. leagues so he steered S. S. W. untill midnight having runne since he set sayle at 2. in the afternoone 10. leagues S. E. and by E. Concluding he writeth that he came to 43. fathom which shoalding was upon the North part of the Iland he watered upon and that this Iland and the said Cape where his Boat was at the 14. day lyeth S. S. E. ½ Easterly and N. N. W. ½ Northerly about 10. leagues betweene both This morning day light he see the land bearing from S. W. by S. at which time he had 65. fathom 19. From 2. this morning untill noone he made away E. â—8 by N. 10. leagues At 7. he saw land on head at least 12. leagues of him he judged it to bee the high land of the Maine within Sir Dudley Diggs his Iland and yet to beare of him as it did it was strange unto him but he saith that Captaine Gibbons confidence was such as that hee must not let passe unspoken of for albeit that hee is so neere in blood as that modestie will not allow of his speaking too much of his merit yet hee will boldly say thus much of his sufficiency as hee assures himselfe he shall make it appeare at his returne if God please to let him live so long as that he is not short of any man that ever yet he carried to Sea All that he can say of him further is that for his Countries good and for the advancement of this businesse we have in hand he could wish his body were answerable to his other abilities which were it not himselfe but many and bis Country most would bee the better for it But that God that made us all of dust will not faile to raise up some good spirits he hopes for the further prosecution of this businesse as that by their honest endeavours and religious Resolutions they will effect that which as yet is not ripe for his Sickle but that God which best knowes what the truth of his endeavours have beene in this businesse he hopes will not faile to give a blessing to some that shall follow and for his part he desires to be blest no otherwise than as he hath sincerely laboured in it and therefore he must conclude and ever beleeve according to the word that Paul plants Apollo waters and God gives the increase So that untill his good will and pleasure is all that we doe cannot in this ought else prevaile At noone the weather faire and cleare he had a good observation by which Captaine Gibbons was well assured but himselfe and some others discenting from him in the bearing of the land from them were deceived in the set of the tyde which in his going out last yeere mightily carried him to the Northward as now as much to the Southward which then nor till now was not found by any of them all He steered open of the Land N. N. E. with tyde 5. leagues untill evening 4. and at 2. he had 307. fathom At 6. in the evening small winde C. Wolstenholme bore S. E. 7. leagues of the Westerne point of the westerne Iland S. E. by S. ½ S. 5. leagnes off he kept it up that he might get about the Westermost point of Nottinghams Iland it lying 8. leagues from Diggs his Iland there thinking to trie the tyde and from thence he purposed to goe to the N. maine betweene Salisbury and Nottinghams Ile to try the distance betweene them it being all he could doe for this yeere About 8. this morning the weather thick and he not above 4. leagues from Ile Nottingham in 64. fathom he anchored and as he remembreth to his comfort being ebbe hee found it a very strong one from S. S. E. to S. E. and by S. At noone slack it was a fresh gale at S. W. hee waighed to get about to the Westward of the Iland about 2 it blew hard and was thick weather with raine and thunder and within a mile of the shore It fell starke calme upon a sudden then he was iu a great ripling in 20. fathom water the Sea all breaches round about him like a Raffe which deserying he stood off with little winde along the Iland and found his drift more in lesse then in one Glasse Then hee could run a head before with both top-sayles on trip and a stiffe gale in 2. houres hee came to anchor to be fully satisfied of the tyde But when the tyde came it came with such force strength out of the N. W. and by N. as hee had much adoe to ride at and could not have ridde it had not he steered the ship all the tyde time the â—ight hee writes did comfort him for what was to be done hereafter for by the course of this tyde and hâ—s owne knowledge of the land being to the Westward of that place 200. leagues is 86. on the Sea and might very
and Iland in 30 fathomes the tyde went E. 2 knots the land lay E and West but I could not fully say it was an Iland for it lay like a Ridge or to Simily it like to the Retyres in the mouth of the River of Saine in Normandie I do hold that all those peeces of ice here are ingendered about those low Capes and Bayes as Mansils also is where easie tides goe they are soone frose over the Snow falling there on thickneth them so that by degrees they increases the Pettiedancere brought nor sent us any storme this night ended in raine and it was easie wind from the E N E. Wee made from the Ice this morning to stand to the land Da 21 we see last night it was ebbe tyde and set to the E. and I plide alongst it to find a fit place for the boate to land in it was iust at low water for they were glad to stay the setting of their glasse untill the tyde began to flowe And after that time clock 10. they staied untill it began to fall viz. 4 houres and so I accounted on shipboard riding upon 6 fath nere shoare the water so transparent as you might easily see the bottome the ice comming upon us we weyed Anchor the wind came gently from the N. we stood it upon the tyde to and againe along the land loofing and wareing from ice which came driving with the flood At their comming on board their accompt was this that the tyde did flowe but 4. howres and that it heightned but 6. foote and this was 2 dayes after the Coniunction of the Sunne and Moone so that the flood began at ½ past 10. and ended at ½ past 2. by this a South and by W. Moon makes a full Sea and the tydes motion ends with the flowing assuredly this was Carie Swans nest for both from East and West ends it stretcheth to the North our men chast Swans on shoare but got none they say there is earth strange Mosse Quag-myres and water plashes at clocke 4. I tocke leave and stood along from 6. fathomes into 30 loosing sight thereof and from thence I stood to the Westward◠with North-West wind close haled leaving both th◠Cape and the Ice behinde mee for the Sea Mors to sleepe upon there being good store thereabout Moneths July From the Cape or Swannes Nest this noone-tyde I was Da 22 16 leagues and one mile no ground at 70 fathomes for I was loth to stay the ship at any time me thought sayling had been uncouth but at 4 this morning I had 90 fathomes owzy ground thicke weather the wind easie and shifting betwixt N and N W. my way was to Southward of West This Meridian I was in 61 deg 37 min. at 8 the last day I Da 23 tooke the ship about and made way untill this day 12 11 leagues 2 miles N W. ½ W. it hath beene a faire cleare day easie winds the ayre warme and no Ice since I came into this Sea I did but thinke I saw land at N E. by E. This smooth Sea hath a small set from the West with lippering rising and falling as other Shallow Seas use to have the deepe last night was 115 fathomes I made way to this day 12 N W. by W. ½ W. 13 leagues This close morning hid the Sunne untill noone we being Da 24 in 120 fathomes the afternoone was cleare and gently breathed from W N W. I have not tryed for fish in this Sea as I did in Fretum Hudson where I got none I thanke God here we have not the like leisure here are some Seales but few Fowles the latitude of noone was 62 deg 20 min. here appeares to be more Riplins of Tyde the variation by Azimuth and Almicanter was 26 deg 31. min. at most the Sunne went cleare to bed and at midnight we had 60 fathomes deepe This morning Amplitude was 5 deg the Refraction is Da 25 great here and the Horizons thicke which begets uncertainties besides the Needle yet is very slow in comming to his respective point I now hope for warmer weather and clearer Sea than heretofore at noone I had 55 fathomes in latitude to 62 deg 36 min. since last day I made way N by E. 18 leagues faire weather the Sunne went downe cleare Ioy to our Antipodes the Henban flashing all night was a Da 26 hot day in as England in the morning I had 58 fathomes and white Corall the latitude 63 deg 20 min. the way since last day was N. 4 deg East 18 leagues since clocke 4 wee lay Larbord Tack N. W. it was a few drops of raine this Evening yet the Sunne set cleare and wee had deepe 65 fathomes at midnight and then was in the Ayre many Pettie-dancers The last night was so hot as it dryed up 15 fathomes water Moneths Iuly Da 27 for this morning we had but 50 the wind was betweene W and N N W. here was great store of Rockeweed and Tangle In the Ripline of a Tide I caused the boat to be lanched in 31 fathomes the Tyde came from N. by W. ½ a mile in an houre All this day the fog banks hath deceived mee but now I am sure I see land both the maine and Ilands of which there are many lying about 2 leagues into the Sea all ragged and broken rocks within this land bore from N. E. by E. to W. by S. here are great store of fish leaping and fairer weather cannot be I have sent the boat to land and to my comfort three things I could espie by the shore that it was flood Tyde and that it came from the Southward and that it doth flow and fall very much water before we came neere the Iland wee came over a banke of 8 fathomes and neerer the Iland we fell into 15. there seeming upon the land to be Poles erected and buildings of stone and other hillocks like Haycocks The boat went on land at clocke 6. and stayed 3 glasses or one houre and ½ in which time it flowed neere sixe foot it was flood before they went for while they were rowing to shore I did observe it had flowed at least 3 foot by certain rocks that were dry at our first approach they say that it had about 9 foot to flow at clocke 8. the tide returned and set to S. W. ward which sheweth that it runs halfe tide or else the Main beyond it is an Iland about which the tyde may have an uncontrary course as in some of the Sounds of the Iland of Selly at Englands W. end this Iland doth lie in 64 d. 10. m. of latitude and I took this place to be the N. E. side of Sir Thomas Buttons ut ultra I could see to the N. E. ward of this at least 10 leagues but no land at E. or S. E. it being as cleare an evening as could be imagined the land to be seene was from the N N. E. to the