the Iles of Gods mercy the Master sent this Author over to discover this Iland to the North and North-West he met with a covery of Partridges and kild onely the old one it was barren land having nothing thereon but water plashes and torne Rockes as though it had beene subiect to earthquakes to the North of this Iland there is a great bay or Sea they know not what it may prove there was a great Iland of Ice on ground which with the spring tide was set on float and carried to the N W. but came not backe within sight here they found some drift wood on shoare From thence he stood to S W. to double the land to the W. off him through many peeces of Ice at length he found a cleare Sea and raised land to the N W. whereupon he stood more to S. then before and fell amongst Ice which he would have doubled to the N. but could not then he stood to the S W. amongst the Ice and strove to get to the land but could not for the Ice from out of this bay he stood to the North and was soone cleare of the Ice then he stood to S. W. and W. where he was inclosed with land and Ice having land on the one side from the S. to the N W. and on the other side he see land from E. to W. but the land that lay to the N. and lay E. and W. was but an Iland he went so farre as he could and made fast to the Ice the tyde brought upon him but the ebbe did open and made way and 7 or 8 houres he was cleare and with the great Ilands of Ice was carried to the N W. He stands to the W. along the S. shoare and raised 3 Capes or headlands one above another the middlemost is an Iland with a Bay which he thinkes will prove a good harbour he names them Prince Henries Forland when he had laid these he raised another which was the extreame part of the land looking towards the N. upon it are two hils but one above the rest like an humlocke he names it King Iames his Cape to the N. of this lyes certaine Ilands he names it Queen Annes Forland he still followed the N. shoare beyond the Kings Forland there is a Bay wherein lyeth some broken land and close to the maine but he passed by on the night From thence he stood to the N. and W. to double this land againe and fell with land that stretched from the maine like a shoare from S to N. and from N to W. and downe to S again here a storme takes him and he stands to N. and raises land then he stood to S. againe for he was loathat any time to see the N. shoare the storme continuing and he comming to the S. he found himselfe shot to the W. a great way which he mervailed at considering his leaward way to S. W. ward off this land there is a hill he named Mount Charles to the N. and beyond this is an Iland that to the East hath a fore head land and beyond it to the W. other broken land where he thinks may be found a good harbour he names this Cape Salisbury He then left those lands to the North-East and fell into a ripline or overfall of a current which he thought to be shoald water but had no ground he put on still in sight of the South-land and raised land 2 leag from the maine he tooke it to be the North maine but it proved an Iland having a very faire Head-land to the West which he named Cape Digges on the other side to the East was another Cape or head-land which he called Cape Worstenholme betwixt which two he sailed South He sends the Boate on shore to Digges his Iland and in her going she was overtaken by a storme of Raine Thunder and Lightning they came to the N East-side being high-land but with much adoe going to the highest part they find some plaine ground and Deere 4 or 5. And after 16 in one Heard but could not come nigh them with Musket shot Thus going from place to place they see to the West a Hill higher then all the rest it was steepe and they could not get vp to it but on the South-west side and on that side was a great water pond from whence on the South runneth a streame of water as much as would drive a Mill falling into the Sea and in this place bred great store of Fowle and the best grasse grew there they had seene since their comming from England they found Sorrell and Scurvey-grasse in great aboundance they found likewise Hills made like to hay-cockes within which were great store of Fowle hanged by the neckes they tooke many of them and downe a valley carried them to their Boate. In this time the Master had brought in the Ship betweene the two lands shot off some peeces to call the boat on board for it was a fogge they perswaded him to stay heere for refreshing but he would not but sailed downe to the S. the land beares E from him and the same Maine that he had all the time followed he looseth the sight thereof because it fell away to the East and after he had sailed 25 or 30. leag he came to shallow water broken ground and Rockes which he passed to the S. and in a storme of winde the water still shoalding he came to anchor in 15 fathomes After this he wayed and stood S E. for so the Land laid and came to have land on both sides then he anchored and sent the Boate on land the Land on the W. was a very narrow point and to the S. there was a large Sea He stood to the South betweene these two Lands in this place not above two leagues and in the sight of the East-shore in the end he lost sight thereof and came into the bottome of a bay into 6. or 7. fathom water then he stands vp againe to the N. by the West-shore vntill he came to an Iland in 53 deg where he tooke in water and ballast From thence he passed to the N. but some 2 or 3 dayes after there fell some reasoning concerning their comming into this Bay and going out the Master takes occasion to reviue old matters and displaces his Mate Robert Ivet and also his Boate-swaine for words spoken in the great Bay of Ice he places Robert Bylot his Mate and William Wilson Boate-swaine and then stands vp to the N vntill he raised land and then downe to the S. then vp againe to the N. and then downe to the S. and on Michaelmas day he came in and went out from certaine Ilands which he sets downe for Michalmas Bay from thence he stood to the N. and came into shole water the weather thicke and foule He anchored in 6 or 7 fadomes and lay there 8 dayes before which time he could
by espying certaine Worlockes which the Captaine had caused to be set as Beacons for to give him knowledge of their being In this his absence from the Admirall the Saluages had done them much violence the Captaine had taken three of of them whom he kindly intreated others of them he slew this evening he takes in his provision of fresh water He sets on land one young man to be left in the Countrey to his cruell fortune and this was done by expresse command of the State-holder of Denmarke before his comming sorth they also in the Pinnace set another on land both being malefactors giving of them small necessaries It may be those people lived a long time after and may bee yet living if the Salvages have not devâ—ured them he sets sailes and comes to Sea where he found much drift Ice with a high Sea which he thought to be a current setting through Fretâ—â—â— Davis to the Southward as by experience he proved for by observation this day at noone he was in Latitude 62 deg 40. m. whereas the day before he was in Latitude 66 deg 10 min. having made by account a S by W. way about 10 leagues this current he did find to set along the Coast of Groenland South by East 15 This day he was in Latitude 57 degrees the 16 day close weather he meetes with a mighty skull of Whales amongst drift Ice and meetes also a great current setting West North-west over for America This is the current found by Frobrisher comming from the East and butting upon the East-side of Groenland and doth strike along the Land to Cape Christianus otherwise called Cape Farewell 1 Hee met with a skull of Herrings so that he knew himselfe not farre from Orkney he was in Latitude 58 deg 40 m. and sounding had 42 fathomes very sandy ground with some blacke dents when shortly after and the same day in the evening he sounded againe and had but 20 fathomes dented ground he was neere the shore before he saw it for it was thicke weather 10 He came to Elsenore Rode in Denmarke The second Voyage of Master Iames Hall from Denmarke to the further discovery of Groenland with five Shippes observed 1606. â—7 HEe set forth from Copemanhaven and went betwixt Orkney and Shotland the 7 of Iuâ—e which day one of the Groenlanders dyed it seemed it was one of them he had brought from thence the yeare before 14 He accounteth himselfe to be 19 deg 45 min. from the Meridian of the Naes of Norway 14 He steereth away W. the wind S E. and thick weather he imagineth himselfe in 58 deg 10 min. Latit at which time by reason of a Northerly Current contrary to his expectation he had made a West way Southerly 22 leagues and then as he supposeth the Compasse varied West-ward one point 1 He sees land being 8 leag off with a great banke of Ice lying off the S W. end thereof he supposeth it to bee Busse Iland and that it lyeth more to the West-ward then it is placed in the Marine charts Steering away W by N. he was in a great Current setting S S. W. the which he did suppose did set betwixt Jseland and Busse I le over with America from hence he steeres away W N W. 6 He found himselfe to be in 58 deg 50 min. whereby contrary to his expectation he did plainly see the South-erne current to be the cause this Evening he found the Compasse to be varied 12 deg 5 min. West-ward this Night their Pinnace and Vice-admirall come foule of one another 8 He was in 59 deg 30 min. and findes still the Current and variation to carry him to the South-ward of West 10 He sees the Coast of America in Latit 60 deg 16 min. about 9 leagues off and findes the needle varied 23 deg W. the hill tops were covered with snow the shore to the N. full of Ice he had a Current set West into the shore and indangers him Had not a gale fresh at S West brought him off 18 Vntill this day he passed many Mountaines of Ice at Noone was in 63 deg 45 min. Latit 19 Being amongst much Ice and plying to get cleare saith he seeth the Land of America in 64 Latit it lay S and N. very high and ragged covered with Snow He findes still a strong Current to the West from the Latit 51. his Compasse was placed ¾ of a point to East-ward of N and was carried almost 4 points to West-wards beyond his judgment he found this Current to set W N W. the Compasse varied 23 degrees From the 20 vntill the 25. he passeth and traverseth over from the West side for Groyneland and had sight of Queene Annes Cape 10. leagues off 27. He seeth the Capes he named the last yeare as Cape Annt Cape Sophy the Foords also as Rumells foord Christianus foord and puts into Coninghams foord where he saith the Silver was The Salvages come on board and barter with them for Iron with Seale skinnes and Whale-fynne he searcht vp the Foord and findes it to be but a Bay with many greene and pleasant Ilands the people to the number of 25. followes them with their Boates some of his men on Land travailes vp the Mountaines and sees raine Deere 6 There fell some small difference amongst them about choosing of an anchoring place the water being deepe and they removing from their first Road-sted further vp the River where it floweth S E. and N W. in Latitude 66 deg 25. minutes 9 The Captaine went vp the River with his Boate where they came to see their winter Houses which were builded with Whales bones the baulkes thereof were of Whales ribbes and covered with Earth they had certaine vaults or roomes vnderground 4 square two yards deepe in the Earth The towne consisteth of about 40. houses they found the buriall of their dead the Corps wrapped in Seale-skinnes and stones laid in the manner of a Coffin over them This day they take 5 of the inhabitants to bring into Denmarke to be informed of their Country which they call Secaâ—â—nga and say that within the Land they have a great King who is carried vpon mens shoulders 10 They come forth of Rumels foord and in great danger got to Sea being inforced betweene certaine Ilands which lye off Cape Sophie 4 leagues into the Sea the last yeare he named them Knights Ilands being got there he came into 66. deg 50. min. Laâ—it W N W. from Cape Sophy 15 leag off 18 He goes within sight of shore being all high land like Ilands and great store of Ice betwixt him and the same 28 He coasted to and againe amongst Ice vntill this day having had a storme and meetes one of his Fleete which had beene separated from him he fell with two bankes of Ice and is 8 leag off Desolation by account but could not
as followeth may better satisfie then the historie it selfe can jâ—lusâ—erate The Example ADmit a ship to be nere the shore to the N. W. of the point of Portland in Dorset-shiere with easie S. S. W. gale standing W. close hal'd the Flood-tide being comming in from about the Berry into the Bay of Lyme falling S. E. into the Race shall take the said ship vpon the Lee-bowe and in despight carrie her into the Race at the S. point of Portland it setting E. where then shee shall stemme the same whose greater force she not being able to ouer-haile shall tacke her about the said Point and then setting E. N. E. and N. E. vpon her wether bow shall carry her into the grasse now with same wind same tide and same winding shee shall bringe the same land W. S. W. or S. W. vpon her this same happened to me at this new head-land which being in the night did not a little stumble mee to find out vntill my remembrance questioned with my experience to find the cause which otherwise we must haue thought that wee raised a new land for which similie as other jnducements to the furtherance of this enterance I haue named the same fore-land my Lord Westons Portland Heere followeth the Demonstration The tydes do abate to morrow being quarter day the last Moneths September night was some lightning This day wee see the Sun but to no use I drive along the coast with an easie breath from N. some snow fell Standing along this coast betwixt the Queenes Cape and Da 22 L. Westens Portland I named another headland Cape Dorchester remembring Captaine Davis writeing of Secretarie Walsingham who saith that at his death this Voyage was left freindlesse though I am sure this Noble Successour revived it againe with his best furtherance and my incouragement I came to this Cape at 6 this morning I had along the land 20 fathomes there are store of Sea Mors in this Sea the land doth lye full of Snow it freezeth the very Ship side and steepe tubbes the Capes as L. Westens Portland and Cape Dorchester are distant about 20 leagues the land stretching to the S E. to the North of L. Westens Portland I named Foxe his farthest the deep Bay or Inlet to the S. betwixt the same and Cape Dorchester I named the North side Poynt Barte that on the South browe Carleton This Meridian I was in 65 d. 30 min. Cape Dorchester bore S E. by E. 4 leagues I have come backe againe from L. Westens Portland 26 leag S E by S. which is about 1 deg 5 min. and I was to the W. of it 12 min. added maketh 1 deg 17 min. to 65 deg 30 min. maketh 66 d. 47 min my furthest N. this day the wind was all over at clocke 4. it came to the North and having stopt the flood tyde going 2 knots ½ I wayed and came along S S W. and S W. by S. as the land did cost and fell into 40. 60. 78 fathomes and then it being night I did recount I was past the overfals to S the Queenes Forland then I directed the course to be S. This morning Aurora blusht as though shee had ushered Da 23 her Master from some unchast lodging and the ayre so silent as though all those handmaides had promised secrecy the Eastermost of Mill I le bore S E. by E. the North Mayne from the Kings Promontory stretching E. away Prince Charles his Forland so named by Bilot bearing E N E. and at the East-â—ide of the said Forland goeth in a very fayre sound I named â—t the Prince his Cradle an Iland on the West I named his Nurses of this Cape 1 league I had 120 fathomes the Prince his Forland doth lye 5 leagues S E. from the Kings Promontory yesterday the Carpenter laid downe haveing not Moneths September beene well for diverse dayes before it was little wind with great store of Henbans and Pettidancers a common incident to these parts in cleare nights This fayre day wee came along the North Mayne E S E Da 24 with N W. wind 10 leag distant from the Princes Cape E South-East lyeth a fayre Cape I named Cape Dorcet and 3 leagues to the East of that is another I named Cape Cooke in due respect to Sir Iohn Cooke Secretary of State with a deepe Bay betwixt them as it were halfe incircleing an Iland remote from the Mayne I named it Ile Nicholas the former names given as Cape Linsey Cape Portland Cape Dorcet Cape Dorchester Cape Cooke I gave in duetifull remembrance of those Lords Commissioners for the Admiraltie whose furtherance and countenances in my dispatch for his Maiesties Pinâ—ace the Charles I had towards the accomplishment of this designe I le Nicholas I named it in remembrance of Master Edward Nicholus Secretary to the said Lords whom I have often troubled I named those Capes as the occasion in my discoverie offered it selfe The land to the East from Ile Nicholas along the North Mayne lyeth in sight North East by East and the same Mayne from Cape Dorcet by Cape Cooke lyeth East by North about the former distance at the end thereof there is no land to be seene to the N. I directed the course from Ile Nicholas E S E. This evening clocke 8 I was distant as before from the I le 8 leagues and Salisbury was from mee West by South one halfe Southerly 12 leagues I lancht away from hence true Course as all is set downe East South East This noone I had steered this course 4 watches 25 leag Da 25 to bring mee betweene the Salvage Iles and Prince Charles his Cape upon the South Mayne at this time the body of the â—ortheâ—most I le bore from mee N N E. one halfe N about 6 leagues the night was close but faire weather this night and last day wee came by many small Ilands of Ice all the small chattered which this strait laid so full of being desolved and gone for we see none since we came from Sea Horse Poynt this day was some Snowe God continue Moneths September this W N. W wind for wee have many that already have made a Scurvie Voyage of it the Mr. is up againe running as before 5 leagues at clocke 4 Cape Charles bore S W. by S 1 â— S. about 12 leagues off These Ilands called Salvage Iles lye N. W. from one greater Iland I cannot say it to be the North Mayne because it doth bend to the Northwards both from the W. and E and therefore the W. end I take to be that named the Queenes Cape at the E. end doe lye 2 Ilands the one bigger the other lesse I named the one Sackfield the other Crowe after Sir Sackfield Crowe late Treasurer to his Majesties Navie from the W. to the E. of this land or Iland is many showes of Sounds or Bayes ragged and high the land being barren to sight From the last noone to this I made
wish their pride to know that Gods mercy is over all his Creatures and hath created as good men in the North as in the South let no man bee disdained misprised or vndervalued for his wants except in Vertues For I doe not thinke but litle Mr. IEFFERY that pretty Courtier can pitch his eye-sight as high into the Firmament as Mr. EVANS his Maiesties great Porter And for Sea-men where have you better than the Scotsh-men are and yet North-Countrey men It was also cast into my dish that I was an Officer of the Admiralty a poore conceit to obiect against me for this vndertaking and as much as to say as the greatest Civilian held to be in Christendome cannot be capable of higher Promotion if hee belong to the Admiraltie I have also placed a Polar Map or Card that this Discoverie may be the better vnderstood and for that I did desire to give satisfaction by Demonstration of all treated of in the Booke for otherwise another proiection could not have contained it but at vnreasonable diversity and because I cannot describe all the Names in Fretum Hudson of Capes Ilands and Bayes at length in Letters in respect of the smalnesse of the Degrees of Longitude I have inserted them in a table by the letters of the Alphabet as thou shalt find beginning with A b c d and tracted my owne way and discovery foorth and home in small prickes I acknowledge it to be but rough-hewen like Ship wrights â—imber but what it wants in smoothnesse or forme let thy good Report licke it into I trust I shall not need to vse the fashion of Authors to make any doubt of carping Momus or rayling Zoilus seeing I have intended thy Good without any Reservation to my selfe But I feare mee I have held thee too long in this place like him who purposeth to take a long Iourney stumbles vpon his owne threshold but have Patience for I had rather be in fault then want I have here prostrated my duty to my King and my service to my Countrey craving thy favourable acceptance I rest From Kingston upon Hull this first of Ianuary 1635. Thine in all welwilling Luke Foxe CERTAINE TESTIMOnies concerning King Arthur and his Conquests of the North regions taken by Mr. Hacklute out of the Histories of the Kings of Brittaine written by Galfridus Monamutensis newly Printed at Hedleberg 1587. Lib. 9. Cap. 10. IN the yeare of CHRIST 517. King Arthur in the second yeare of his raigne having subdued all parts of Ireland sayled with his Fleet into Iseland and brought it and the people thereof into subjection the rumour being spred throughout all the other Lands that no Countrey was able to withstand him Doldanius King of Gotland and Gunfacius the King of Orkney came voluntary unto him and yeelded their obedience promising to pay him Tribute The winter being spent hee returned into Britaine established his Kingdome in perfect peace he continued there for the space of twelue yeares Lib. 9. Cap. 12. After that King Arthur sending his Messengers into divers Kingdomes hee summoned such as were to come to his Court aswell out of France as out of the adjacent Ilands of the Sea and a little after from these adjacent Ilands came Guillaumarius King of Ireland Malvatius King of Iseland Doldunus King of Gotland Gunnotius King of Orkney Lot the King of Norway and Archilius King of Denmarke A testimony of the Right and Appendances of the Crowne of the Kingdome of Brittaine taken out of Mr. Lambert Fol. 137. pag. 2. ARTHVR which was sometimes the most renowned King of the Britaines was a mighty valiant and famous Warriour This Kingdome was too little for him and his minde was not contented with it hee therefore valiantly subdueâ— all Scantia now called Norway and all the Iles beyond Norway to wit Iseland and Groenland which are appertaining unto Norway Sweveland Ireland Gotland Denmarke Semeland Windeland Curland Roe Femeland Wireland Flaunders Cherilland Lapland and all other Lands of the East sea even unto Russia in which Lapland he placed the Eastmost Bounds of his Brittish Empire and many other Ilands beyond Norway even under the Pole which are appendances of Scantia now called Norway he planted the Christian Faith throughout all Norway matched their Nobility with Brittish bloud called Norway the Chamber of Brittaine and incorporated them unto us Another testimony out of Galfridus Monumetensis concerning the Conquest of Malga King of England Lib. 11. cap. 7. MALGO succeeded Vorciporius which was the goodliest man in person of all Brittaine a Prince that expulsed many Tyrants hee was strong and valiant in warre taller then most men that then lived and exceeding famous for his vertues This King also obtained the Government of the whole Iland of Brittaine and by most sharpe battailes he recovered to his Empire the sixe Ilands of the Ocean Sea which were before Tributaries to King Arthur namely Ireland Iseland Gotland Orkney Norway and Denmarke The Voyage of Octher to the Northeast parts beyond Norway reported by himselfe vnto Alfred the famous King of England about the yeare 890. OCTHER sayd that the Countrey wherein he dweit was called Helgoland hee told his Lord King Elfreed that he dwelt furthest North of any Norman he sayd that he dwelt towards the North part of the Land towards the West coast And in another place hee affirmeth that there was no man dwelling towards the North from him and aâ—lirmed the land to stretch farre to the North yet all Desert and not inhabited Vpon a time he fell into a fancy to know how farre the Land stretched Northward whereupon hee tooke his voyage directly North along the Coast having alwayes the Desert land upon his Staâ—board and upon the Larboard the maine Ocean and continued his course for the space of 3. dayes in which space hee was come as farre towards the North as the Whale-hunters used to travell hee proceeded to the North as farre as hee was able to sayle in other 3. dayes at the end whereof he perceived the Coast turned toward the East or else the Sea opened with a maine Gulfe into the land hee knew not how farre well he wist and remembred that he was faine to stay till hee had a Westerne wind and somewhat Northerly and thence hee sayled plaine East along the Coast still so farre as hee was able in 4. dayes at the end of which time hee was compelled to stay untill he had a full Northerly wind for as much as the Coast bowed downe thence directly towards the Southward at leastwise the Sea opened into the Land that he could not tell how farre so that hee sayled alongst the coast directly South so farre as he could travell in five dayes and at the 5. dayes end hee descryed a mighty River which opened very farre in the land at the entry of which River hee stayed his course and in conclusion turned backe againe For he durst not enter so feare of the Inhabitants of the Land
shoare from the N E by â— to the W. by S. the N. 12 leagues off the W. part 20 leagues he had no ground at 180 fathomes and he thought hee see land bearing E N E. on the Suns side but could not make it perfectly here he found the latitude 62 deg 50. min. 2 This day he had sight of a Faire headland 6 leagues off which he called Salisburies Foreland he ran from thence W S W. 14 leagues in the midst of which he came in to a great whirling Sea whither caused by the meeting of a streames or overfals he knew not thence sayling W by S. 7 leagves farther he was in the mouth of a straight and had no ground at 100 fathomes the straight not being above 2 leagues broad in the passage in this Westerne part which from the Eastern part of Fretum Davis is distant 250 leagues 3 This day he put thorough this passage which was narrow after his men had been on land that did observe the flood-tide did come from N. flowing by the shore 5 fathoms After he had sailed West by South 10 leagues the land fell to the Southwards and the Iles to the West left him he observed and found himselfe in 61 d. 20 m. and a Sea from the Westwards He names the Cape on the Star-board C. Digges being an Iland that on the Larbord stands upon the maine named by him Cape Worstenholme here is all I finde extant of his owne writing although he lived untill Iuly following before he was exposed A large discourse of the said Voyage and the successe thereof written by Abacuk Pricket Who lived to come home They came to the Iles of Orkney and from thence to Farre one day being calme they fell to fishing and kild good store of God and Ling from thence they raise the Iles of Westmony in one of which the King of Denmarke hath a fortresse by which they passed to raise the Snow-hill-foote a mountaine so called on the N W. part of the land and in that course they see the famous Mount Hecla which cast out much fire a signe of foule weather to come they leave Island on sterne and met a maine of Ice lying upon the Northpart thereof which when they see they stood backe for a Harbour in Island called Derefer where he kild good store of Fowle from thence they put to Sea againe but the wind not serving he puts back againe into another harbour called Lowsie Bay heare they found a Bath so hot as would scald a Fowle He put forth for Groenland and thought he saw land but iâ— prooved a fog banke He raised Groenland but great store of Ice hung upon the land this land is Mountainous with hils like Suger loaves covered with Snow He coasted along betwixt W and N W. untill he saw Dissolation which is a great Iland on the N W. part of Groenland here he saw great store of Whales some came about and under the ship but did no harme From hence he directed his course N W. and would have hailed more Northerly if the winde would have suffered him in this course he see the first mountainous Ice about the last of June he raised the land N. off him he tooke the same to be that Iland which Capt. Davis set in his Chart on the W. side of this straight he would have gone to N. thereof but the winde would not suffer him so he fell on the Southside into a great ripling or overfall of a current into this current he went and made his way Northward off W. untill he met with Ice which hung on this Iland wherefore he cast about to the South and cleared himselfe and then stood to the W amongst some store of sloting Ice and upon the Ice store of Seales he still made way N W. and meetes sometimes with Ice and then againe cleare thus proceeding betwixt Ice and Ice he sees a great Iland of Ice overtumble which was a good warning to him not to come neere them the next day he had a great storme and was driven to put in amongst the Ice and there to lye some of his men fell sicke he will not say for feare though he see no other signe of griefe The storme ceasing he put from the Ice standing W S W and N W. and as the cleare Sea and Ice would suffer him seeing the sea thus continued he would seeke to the S. but the more he strove the worse he was for he was fast inclosed and began to dispaire as he after told this Writer hee thought he should never have got out of this Ice but there haue perished Wherfore he shewed him his Card that he was 100. leag further than ever any English man was and referred to their choyse to proceed further or no whereupon some wisht them at home others any where so from amongst the Ice but in this distraction there passed words which was thought upon long time after There was one told the Master that if he had a 100 pound he would give 90 therof to be at home but the Carpenter made answere and said if he had 100. he would not give 10 upon any such condition but would hold it as good money as ever he had any and by Gods leave to bring it as well home well to worke they goe and with labour get the ship cleare the sea being also cleere a league or 2 off the course now is N N W. in the end he raised high land at S. W. covered with snow and names it Desire provokes he heard the noyse of a great overfall of a tide that came out of the Land and now he could well discerne that formerly he had beene imbayed and that Time made his acquaintance so well knowne to the Ice that when wet fogge or foule weather came he should make fast to the broad peece of Ice and run and sport and fill sweete fresh water upon the same after he had brought this land to beare S off him he had a current or tyde to open the Ice being carried first one way and then another but in bayes they lay as in a pond without mooving in the Bay wherein he was thus troubled he see of those Icie mountaines on ground here was 120 and 140 fathomes of water and here he sees a Beare upon the Ice his men gave chase to him but lost him by the tydes carrying away the Ice the Beare was gone out of their reach He continued his course towards the North-West and raised land to the North and Ice where there was a Beare which came from Ice to Ice untill she came neere them and then she runne away hee stood along on the South side of this land meeting with Ice which seeing he stood into the shore and found a harbour in the West end of this Iland he went over one Rock of two fathomes and a halfe and at low water it was so much bare he names it
one pound of Candles allowed for one weeke as a great dainty And when Rob. Juet said that by his reckning they were within 60. or 70. leagues of Ireland they had 200. leagues thither their course was much longer though evil stony for their men were so weake as they were faine to sit at the Helme Then Robert Juet dyed and the rest despaired and said they were past Ireland their last Fowle was in Stepetub and the men cared not what end went first The Master was glad to doe their labour and his owne tackling going to wrack and none regarding to helpe the same In this extremity it pleased God to give them sight of Land not farre from the place where the Master said they should fall which was the Bay of Galloway to the West of the Derses so they stood along to the South W. and espied a saile which was a Boat off Foye at anchor fishing this Barke brought them into Beare Haven here they stayed some few dayes and dealt with the Irish for Reliefe but found none for in that place there was neither bread drink nor money or Country men which were then on fishing they found as could in kindnsse that they would doe nothing without present money In the end John Waymouth one of the Barke brought them in and furnished them with money upon pawne of their best Anchor and Cable wherewith they brought Bread Beare and Beefe Now as they were beholding to Waymouth so were they beholding to Captaine Tayler for making their Contracts and for their mens wages who would not goe with them home except Waymouth would passe his word Whereupon Taylor swore he would presse them and if they would not goe he would hang them In conclusion they agreed for 3. pound 10. shillings a man to bring the Ship to Plimouth or Phalmouth and to give the Pilot 5. pound and if they were put into Bristow they were to have 4. li. 10. s. a Man and the Pilot 6. li. and omitting further circumstance they came to Plimouth from thence to the Downes from thence to Gravesend and so to London where the Master had this Writer to Sir Thomas Smiths The Printer on the behalfe of Pricket FOr as much as this may happily be suspected by some not so friendly to Pricket who returned with that company who so cruelly had exposed Hudson and therefore may seeme to lay heavy imputation and rippe up further occasion then they will beleeve he saith also he added the report of Thomas Woodhouse one of the exposed Company who ascribed the occasions of discord to Juet I take not on mee to sentence no not to examine I present the evidence just as I had it Let the Bench censure with both eares that which they may see with both eyes and there note to which I first prefixed his letter to Master Samuel Macham Master Macham I heartily commend me unto you I can write unto you no newes though I have seene much but such as every Fisherman haunting the Coast can report better than my selfe We kept our Whitsunday on the N. E. end of Iseland and I thinke I never fared better in England then we feasted here they of the Country are very poore and live miserably yet we found there store of dainty fresh Fish and dainty Fowle I my selfe in one afternoone killed so many as feasted all our Company being 23. persons at one time onely with Partridges besides Curlew Plover Mallard Teale and Geese I have seene two hot Bathes in Iseland and have beene in one of them We are resolved to try the utmost and lye onely expecting a faire winde and to refresh our selves to avoide the Ice which now is come off the West Coast of which we have seene whole Ilands but God be thanked have not bene in danger of any Thus I desire all your prayers for us Iseland this 30 of May. 1610. A note sound in the Deske of Thomas Woodhouse Student in the Mathematicks and one of thâ—se exposed with one Hudson in the Shallop THE 10. of September 1610. after dinner our Master called all the company together to heare and beare witnâ—sse of the abuâ—e of some of the company it having beene the request of Robert Iuet that the Master should redresse some abuses and slaunders as he called them against this Iuet which thing after the Master had examined and heard with equitie what hee could say for himselfe there were proved so many great abuses and mutinous matters against the Master and action by Ivet that there was danger to have suffered them longer and it was fit time to punish and cut off further occasions of the like motives It was first proved to his face by Bennet Mathew our Trumpeter upon our first sight of Island and hee confest that hee suppos'd that in the account would bee man-slaughter and prove bloody to some Secondly at our comming from Island in the hearing of the company hee did threaten to turne the Ship head home from the action which at that time was wisely pacefied by the Master in hope of amendment Thirdly it was deposed by Phillip Staffe our Capenter and Arnold Lodlo to his face upon the holy Bible that he perswaded them to keepe Muskets charged and Swords ready in their Cabbines for they should be charged with shot ere the voyage were over Fourthly we being pestered in the Ice he had used many words tending to mutinie discouragement and slaunder of the action which easily tooke effect in those that were timerous And had not the Master in time prevented it might easily have overthrowne the voiage and now lately being imbayed in a deepe Bay which the Master had desire to see for some reasons to himselfe knowne his words tended altogether to put the company into a fright of extremity by ventring in cold jesting at our Masters hope to see Bancum by Candlemas For those and divers other base slaunders against the Master he was deposed and Robert Bylot who had shewed himselfe honestly respecting the good of the voyage was placed Masters Mate in his stead Also Francis Clements the Boateswaine at that time was put from his office and William Wilson a man thought more fit preferred to his place this man had basely carried himselfe to our Master and to the action Also Adrian Mâ—tter was appointed Boatswaines mate and a promise from the Master that from this day Iuets wages should remaine to Bylot and the Bosons overplus of wages should be equally devided between Wilson and Iohn King to the owners good liking and one of the quarter Masters who had very well carried themselves to the furtherance of the businesse Also the Master promised that if the offenders yet behaved themselves honestly he would be a meanes for their good and that hee would forget injuries with other admonitions Here the Reader may observe a plaine expression of Hudsons good carriage made concerning the voyage and pithily demonstrated which makes mee ready to call
a travis And above all the variation of the compasse whose wonderfull opperation is such in this Bay encreasing and decreasing so suddainely and swift being in some part as in Wolstenholmes and Smiths Sound varied above 5. points or 56. d. a thing almost incredible and almost matchiesse in all the world besides so that without great care and good observations true description would not have beene had In fine whatsoever my labours are or shall be I esteeme too little to expresse my thankfull mind for your many favours wherein I shall be ever studious to supply my other wants by my best endeavours and ever rest at your worships command William Baffyn The Journalls of his Voyage set forth at the charge of the right worshipfull Sir Thomas Smith Knight Sir Dudley Diggs Knight Mr. Iohn Wolstenholme Esquier and Mr. Alderman Ioanes with others in the Discovery Robert Bylot Mr. himselfe Pilot. 1616. HE set from Gravesend and went about by the W. by Ireland and the first Land hee saw was within Fretum Davies in 65. degrees 20. minutes on the 14. May the forenoone and 6. of the people being on fishing came to him to whom hee gave small peeces of â—ron and they keeping him company with great love suppose he had intended to come to anchor but when they see him stand off from shore they followed a while and then went away discontented as he thought Hee prosecuted his voyage being loth to Anchor as yet although the wind was contrary but plyed to the N. ward untill he came into 70. d. 20. m. there he entred a faire sound neere Cape Davies his London coast the people espying him with great wonder and gazing fled away in their Boates and after this night hee saw them no more yet they left there Dogs running to and fro upon the Iland At this place hee stayed two dayes taking in water and doing things needfull the Tydes not rising above eight or nine foote made him dislike of the passage it floweth ¼ past 9 upon the change day the Tyde commeth from the South At N. Sun hee set saile and plied to the Northward with flood Tyde Hee found a dead Whale about 26. Leagues from the shoare hee made fast to her and got some sinne out of her the next day he was enforced by storme to leave her having stood from her not above 3. Leagues N. W. hee came toIce then and tackt into the shoare againe and a great storme ensued This day he came faire by Hope Saunderson Captaine Davies his farthest betweene 72. d. and 73. that evening at N. Sunne hee came to Ice which hee put into plying all the next day to get through He was cleere off the Ice and not farre fromshoare the wind North East hee put in amongst divers Ilands the people seeing him fled away leaving behind and under a small Rock hidden two young Maids or women the Ship riding not farre off the Master with some others went on Land they making signes to bee carried to the Iland where their Tents were there adjoyning When they came there they found two old women more the one to estimation 80. yeares the other younger there was also one woman with a child at her back who had hid her selfe amongst the Rocks untill the other had told her how kindly they had used them in giving them peeces of Iron and other trifles in change whereof they gave them Seale skins other things they had none save dead Seales and fat and blubber which the poore women were very diligent to carry to the Boate and put into their Casks making shew that the men were over at the Maine and at another small Iland something more Eastward then they made signes to them that hee should shew them his shippe and set them where the men were the foure youngest came into their Boat and when they were in the Shippe they much wondred and they gave them of his meate which they taâ—ing would not eate two of them hee set to the Iland where they found the men to be the other two he set to their Tents againe those thâ—â— went to seeke the men could not find them but came backe to the Ship againe and were set over to the other side This place they called Womens Iland it lyeth in 72. degrees 45. minutes the Flood commeth from the S. ward at deepe Tydes the water 〈…〉 not above 6. or 7. foote S. S. E. Mâ—one 〈…〉 full â—â—â— the â—nhabitants being very poore living châ—eâ—ely upon Seales flesh dried which they eate raw and cloâ—â—â— themselâ—es with the skinnes as also they doe cover their Tents and Boates therewith which they can dresse very well the women differ from the men in apparell and are marked in the face with divers black streakâ—s or lines the skinne having beene raised with some sharpe Instrument when they were young and black colour put therein so growne in that by no meanes it can be got forth Concerning their Religion he saith little onely they have a kind of worship or adoration to the Sunne to which they will point striking their hand upon their breasts and crying Elyoute there dead they bury on the sides of the hills where they he making a pile of stones over them yet not so thick but that he could see the dead body the aire being so piereing that it keepeth them from stincking savour so likewise hee hath seene there doggs buried in the same manner This day hee set saile from thence with faire weather the wind contrary yet hee plyed it up betweene the Ice and shoare as it hath beene in a channell of 7. or 8. Leagues broade on the 9 〈…〉 was in 74. â— â— much pestered with Ice neere â— small Ilands lying 8. Myles from shoare where hee anchored Those Ilands hee taketh to bee frequented by people at the latter end of the yeare as it seemed by the houses and places where their Tents had stood but as yet they were not come the flood Tyde was very small not rising above 5. or 6. foote yet the ebbe runneth with indifferent stream caused by the melting snow from off the mountaines Seeing that as yet hee could not proceed hee determined to stand in for the shore there to abide untill the â—ee were more consumed which he plainely saâ—â— to wast very fast hee came to anchor 73. 45. m. here hee continued 3. dayes without any shew or signe of people This day there came 42. of the Inhabitants in their Canoes they gave him Seale skinns and many peeces of the horne of Vnicorne and shewed him divers peeces of Ice Mors teeth making signes that to the N. ward were many of them hee gave them in exchange thereof peeces of Iron glasses and Beads 4. severall times they repayed to him bringing alwayes of those commoditie aforesaid by reason whereof he called this place Horne Sound Here hee staid 6. dayes and on this day at night sets sayle with
upon the North part of America wherein he found Deere the other is Cumberlands to whom he dedicated other Ilands in his furthest West in a passage he entred 60 leagues but he came backe Notwithstanding those Nobles others were at great charge in his setting forth as may be observed by the naming of Lands as Mount Raleigh Hope Sanderson Cape Chidly now but not rightly called Buttons Ile Moneths June for to use his owne words speaking by Warwicks Forland this Cape as it was the Gulfe wee passed over the 30. of this moneth so was it the North Promontorie or first beginning of a very great Inlet whose South lymit at this present wee see not which Inlet or Gulfe in the night wee passed to our great admiration for the waters fall and he saith that having past the mouth of this Gulfe he fell with the Southermost Cape thereof which he named Chid lies Cape Having made this Cape which to doe I stood over as neere as I could for ice but was at least 6 leagues off it appeared high and 4 distinct Ilands in number I iudge there is more being now assured that God had sent me into the passage I stoode over to the North with Cape Warwick the middle Channell was cleare of ice and therein I had a good observation of 61 degrees 10 min. cleare weather and a constant gale otherwise I durst not have stoode to the Southwards remembring Gibbons it blew in both topsailes but towards night the wind lessened and I could perceive the ice betwixt me and the Cape to drive to Seaward of which neere the shoare was great store The flood comming on I caused both Topsayles to bee cast over and wee threed it betweene Ice and Ice with a well bent flood inwards so as that we had got above the Ile that tyde if this faire day had not ended in fogge A motion was made before this to looke for harbour but that I denied for those reasons given that I did not know what danger might fall me if I had put into the shore where lay much yce as we could see and what yce or sunke Rocks might be in the way I was as ignorant of besides not knowing whether the wind would serve to bring me in a safe roade and how the Tyde might set to turne or sayle in as occasion might fall out but the worst was and that was most I feared the wind might Souther and then there being such store of yce in the passage would inforce all the harbours full and so might cut my cable and put me on shore upon the Rockes it flowing much water there as Bassin reports with these reasons wee were all perswaded to ply it up amongst the Ice in Sea roome rather then to indanger our selves in Moneths Iune harbour or neere the shoare where for certaine the broken Rockes the grounded Ice the small Ilands by restraining the Tides must make them Reverse with Counter-sets and Eddies as may be observed by London bridge the bases of whose Arches being set in the Tides course doth so restraine his motion that the following streames by heightning the waters causeth such a Current as it were to ingulfe by the fall thereof as you see the water men cannot keepe their boates even on the Counter tyde wheeling on her of the one side the eddie coursing her upon the other not joyning their separations but goeing as it were distracted above Cole-harbour before they come to themselves againe to passe Westward and all this hazard is to no purpose for wee are safer at Sea besides wee are not sure of any refreshing and if wee were wee have no neede being but newly come from home and if the wind come to South and so Eastwards to North-East wee being in the Sea may proceede night or day but in harbour wee cannot and therefore to take harbour were vanity unlesse to loyter spend away and consume time the thought whereof is ridiculous the Fogge and night came both together and having the last 24 houres quitted aboundance of Ice to Seaward which might serve as a Baracadoe if the Wind should come from thence and keepe us safe amongst it as after blessed be God it proved wee made fast to a peece of Ice filld fresh water thereupon and went all to our beds save the watch this fogge night was calme This misty morning made the Sunne clime 10 degrees in Da 23 height before he could peepe through the same which afterwards prooved a very faire calme hot day making both Ice and Pitch runne but the ship was inclosed amongst the Ice driving with ebbe and flood about 2. leagues from the South end of Resolution I had no ground at 180 fathomes some of my men said they saw smoake on land and after it prooved true for Captaine James was in harbour there all that same time my Master went with boate and kild 9 willicks whereof he kindly bestowed upon every Messe one they make strong and good pottage I pressing hard for getting cleere that I might proceed was Moneths June demanded why I made such haste answered that as every Mountaine consisted of severall peeces so did my Voyage upon Fathomes which must be measured here with speed though afterward I might take leisure which added one to another might in time compasse all the Mountaines of the world and that it fared with me as with the Mackarell-men at London who must hasten to Market before the fish stinke This evening the Sun set cleare the Ayre breathed gently from the East and we lay quietly all night amongst the Ice This morning the wind began to gather strength from the Da 24 E S E. the flood came on and the Ice began to separate I caused one peece to be made fast unto the ship with 2. Grapnels to the intent to towe it at the ships sterne mooring the ship so thereunto that she might make way N W. for the North shore for that it hath been alwayes said that the North side was cleerest from Ice thus made fast although the wind forst on the ship yet her way was so easie as she could take no harme if she had touched upon the same because this trayle or drag stayed her way but the wind blowing on the ship broke one Grapnet off by the Arme of the flooke and bended the other so as we were loose from thence but meeting great store of driving Ice I caused to make fast againe for safety where we were presently inclosed for many miles This morning the ship broke loose from that peece I was Da 25 made fast unto the ship and tackling being more in the winds power then the Ice it being lower caused her to drive faster I caused the Spritsaile to be loosed to binde the ships Stem to the Ice which gave alwayes way with the flood which set Westward So the East wind forcing it backe made it cloze with the ebbe returning Eastwards which put mee in good hope that
this hot weather doth fast dissolve them This night clocke 2 came a small Iland of Ice brought up with the latter flood and by his draught being deeper in the Tydes way then the flact or masht Ice had a greater motion continued by the undertyde then that which had inclosed us of which we were fast unto one of the biggest content to wit 3 Acres this Iland did drive right with us and but that some few masht Ice interposed thereby diverting the course thereof some 2 or 3 ships length it had drove directly upon us and had crusht us mainely if not to peeces it being â— or 10 fathomes above water and if it had boarded us being undermined by the waters continuall working the outside thereof by that shake might have fallen into the ship and have sunke her this was the greatest danger we were in since I came into Fretum Hudson the fault being in the watch who did not call that we might have set the ship the one way or the other about the peece we were fast unto before we were so ingaged as I could doe neither about one houre after the said Iland tooke his recourse backe againe to the East with the ebbe faster then the other ice could doe This morning 8 the Sunne was up before we saw it Da 1 Moneths July the day was warme and close but calme so as I could not stirre for want of wind the straight doth cleere and this N. land that hath continued with us since we departed with Resolution it now bearing from E. and by S. to N. by E. if Baffinn writ truely that Resolution is an Iland separate from this then is this another though formerly taken for the N. Maine and longer as shall be showne at my returne homeward the tyde doth set as the land doth lie South-East and Northwest This night 7 it was an Ayre farre better then a younger brother the ice well thinn'd I caused the ship to be loosed and by that time the Master with the boat was come from killing of Fowle I stood to the N. about foure miles this fayre day being at an end I made fast set the watch and went to Cabbin This morning 2 an easie gale breathed from the E. by South which caused mee to send to the boatswaine to call up the Company where a chiefe one amongst us being too suddenly awaked speaking something peevishly I told the rest that the matter was not great for the children did so when they were awaked out of their sleep I began now to find the want of a Shallop which at home I did so earnestly desire for my Cocke boat would nor Rowe noâ— Sayle to any purpose so as I durst hardly send her from me for when it was any billow she was not to be rowed and with saile to windward shee would doe nothing although I had caused a large Lee board to be made to helpe her This Meridianall observation the wind came West and I was in 61 d. 57. m. and stood in close to this inremarkeable shore so all the land within this straight may be called for it is all shoring or descending from the highest mountaine to the Sea Whereon the Snow falling by degrees doth presse Da 2 and burthen it selfe making the masse more solid which at the Spring time when it loosneth from the earth it s own weight doth force downward into the Sea being all composed of Moneths July fresh water it may be conceived that the most Ice we meete in this passage in thus ingendred in the Vallies betwixt the Mountaines is some Snow undesolved We are now cleere of chattered Ice yet in sight are some Islands about which wee can compasse as we please here lyeth many small Ilands close by the Mayne and there doth appeare to be fayre sounds into the land upon the Sea this calme time that hath beene doth swimme a kind of corrupt slime one may thinke it may come by generation of great fishes for it feeles soft and unctious but put it into the fire it will not burne I doe thinke that all this time of our imprisonment this North shore hath beene free as I could espie it at Hiperions going downe which valed with a blacke Skreene of moyst Fogge wet through our Coates before we see it againe this fayre dayes Westwind blew cold and uncouth from out the passage wee are all upon kinde tearmes drinking one to another God hold it This morning the Sunne lickt up the Fogges dew as soone Da 3 as hee began to rise and made a shining day of it I cannot say hot it being counter-checkt by a coole Top-sayle Gale from West North-West which made our Noses runne the cleare day emboldened me to stand within two leagues of land to the deepe of 32 fathomes the ground white sand and gray with shels the water was falling the houre 11 before noone the Sunne and Moone in opposition a good Tyde set along the shoare to the Northwards the Sunne set cleare it was faire weathen and calme the ship drove along the shore this night to the Westward This morning at clocke one I called to lanche the Boate to send to shore to try the Tyde and against that time that I could send to land I had drawne those instructions following and giving them to Iohn Coatesworth whom I appointed alway to goe in the boate at whose returne I expected an account These are the Instructions First You shall take with you into the boate one halfe houre glasse one halfe minute glasse one logge and line cleane Paper one Pensill of blacke Leade and one Compasse with Moneths July some peeces of Iron Secondly One quarter Saw two Axes three Carbins Guns with Powder and Shot two or three Lances two Swords two Pikeaxes and every man his one day bread Thirdly At your departure from the ship turne the halfe houre and when it is neere out set your Logge to goe by the halfe minute that thereby you may estimate the distance betweene the ship and land as also what the boate can rowe an houre Fourthly When you shall approch neere the shore in the Tydes way I meane cleare of Bay-point or Rocke Anchor the Boat sound the deepe and marke the Tyde how it doth set and by your Logge what it doth passe in the halfe minute having rode there for halfe a Glasse weigh your Anchor and goe to land and duely observe what quantity of water it doth flow or fall perpendiculer in one Glasse whether the heightening or lessening be equall in every Glasse while yee stay or noe Fifthly Being thus on land with your Compasse set all Lands or Islands in sight draw the forme with your Paper and Pensill and estimate their distance Sixtly Remember I give you no libertie to goe within the land yet if for recreation goe no further then the full Sea marke and armed leaving two to keepe the Glasse and Boat looke for stones of Orient colour or of weight
for that purpose I made loose againe presently because the Masters mate was of opinion that it was cleare to the W. or at least that was the cleerest way for my parte I had no more purpose to have tryed betweene Salisbury and the N. Maine or Mill I le so named by Byâ—ot for Mill Ile being a great Iland lying in the middle of the N. Channell must needs straiten all the ice that fleets from the N W. yet for the good of the Voyage it was fit to try all conclusions but thus striving to the W. we were presently inclosed againe where we lay vntill the next morning all too nere the Iland if I could have got further off This night had a stiffe gale at West with one showre of raine the Sunne was obscured 2 howres before night and wee slept safe in our old Innes I cald at clocke 3. and by 6. with haleing saleing toweing Da 12 and pulling wee were got cleere and thought to have gone about the East end of the Iland but the flood faceing of the winde had choaked all the East end sotheir being one glade or cleere betweene the shoare and the Channell ice we plide it up therein for 2 or 3 miles but comming nere the W. end it was all choaked there so shutting betweene one and another for the N. Mayne I stood to see what better comfort but at halfe straite ouer I was forcd backe againe for ice and Fogge. Well wee stand againe for Salisburies Ile of which I was now assured and so named by my predecessour Hudson after the right honourable and not to be forgot Robert Cicell Earle of Salisbury then Lord high Treasurer Da 12 Moneths Iuly of England an honourable furtherer and Adventurer in this designe as well as in others as appeareth by Sir Walter Raleigh in his Guianian discoveries in my standing over I espied a glade wherein I hoped if I did returne I might recover the N. Maine wherefore I called to tackle about the ship The Master not seeing what was on the weather Bowe bid the helme man put on Lee the ship obeying her helme presently answered so as in her winding her way being not fully ended she checkt upon a peece or ice and twined off her cut water which was before the stemme thus constrained I bore up the helme and went along to the East end of the I le and makeing fast to a peece of Ice the Carpenter made good againe the hurt wee had received in the meane time our men went to supper the afternoone was more then seven houres old before this was done then I called againe to make loose for I thought that the ice was now with winde and ebbe well cleared from the East end of the Iland as it proved but many discontented and doubtfull speeches past but to no purpose for I must runne to discover this losse time when motion was made to make fast againe which I denyed for these reasons that wee could see the Sea to be reasonable free and cleere at the East end from the Iland and the South Channell would be to be dealt withall or if not the passage was forbidden untill the ice were dissolved and to fasten nere the land I would upon no condition listen unto for the winde comming to blow to land I must upon necessity bee put thereon the Shippe alwayes pulling the ice she was fast unto faster then the other could drive and for anckoring there was none if the land had not beene steepe to for the Eddie Tides which every Rocke Bay or poynt made would have wheeled the Shippe about in the ice so as it had not beene possible to have kept my rudder from breakeing and amongst ice there was no loosing of any saile to have beaten it off shoare It seemeth these reasons had the force of perswasion for wee willingly past about the I le to the South as well where we found all over laid with ice so that wee must make fast having toyled thus all day untill night I thought it fit to Moneths July repose This morning clocke 4. I called to make loose wee Da 13 had much to doe to get cleere being all fast immured it was easie wind I could perceive by the bearing of the land that we had drove above 2 miles S. wards now wee thredneedles to the East hopeing at further distance from the I le to get cleare into the South channell at clocke 10 the West winde brought on thick Fogges so as we could not see one hole to peepe through the ice inclosed us and there we lay it blew hard untill clocke 7. then it both calmed and cleared I loosed and plying 2 leagues to the Southwards had the South Maine in sight from the South-East to the S West All this day untill night 7. we kept our colde lodging and Da 14 then looseing with an easie breath from N E. we minneâ—nd betwixt ice and ice S Westward untill we got cleare in which time came under the sheering of our head easie to have been strooke if our provisions had beene ready a Sea Vnicorne He was of length about 9 foot black ridged with a small fin theron his taile stoode crosse his ridge and indented between the pickends as it were on either side with 2 Scallop shels his side dapled purely with white and blacke his belly all milke white his shape from his gils to his taile was fully like a Makarell his head like a to Lobster wherout the fore-part grewe forth his twined horne above 6 foote long all blacke save the tip This evening I had sight of 20 more the Sun set cleare and this easie gale continued from the E N E. all night wee stood S W. having the straite cleare to the S. This delicate morning the ice seemed to trent from Salisburies Da 15 Ile into the middle channell I caused the sailes to be clewed up and lie untill Sols beautifull appearance and at that fit opportunity wet the lead in 60 fath The E end of Salisbury lying N by E. from me about 4 leag the W. end which is Salisburies plaine N W. about 4 leag of Nottingham at that instant peeping out from beyond it about 7 leag off I stood to the S. into â…“ of the channell shooting shuttles in the old loome and heare the lead fell downe 160 fath before ground made it stay it brought from thence such stones as lye upon the most of the ice here in this part of the passage especially brought from the Mayne cleaving to the Ice by winters frost Moneths July more broad then thicke at whose dissolving they fall to the bottome and the yeerely Ice since the generall Deluge bringing in such quantity cannot chuse but have covered all the upper part of the Seas bottome there all this ice is but chattered no great Ilands since we came by the I le of Gods Mercy so that here may be a plaine argument remonstrated that the Tide
setting more strongly into Fretum Hudson then the ebbe doth set forth doth haile in those mountaines bred in the W. side of Fretum Davis into Fretum Hudson as they are passing by to the South As also this may be noted that here and especially nere within the mouth of this strait the Compasse doth almost loose his sensitive part not regarding his magneticall Azimuth without much stirring the smooth water may be some cause the Ship wanting her active motion but I should strange that the cold should benum it as it doth us Nay I should rather thinke that the sharpenesse of the ayre interposed betwixt the needle and his attractive point may dull the power of his determination or here may be some mountaines of the one side or the other whose Minerals may detaine the nimblenesse of the needles mooving to his respective poynt but this I leave to Phylosophie By this time the kind E N E. breese hath brought me nere the Iland of Nottingham and I am making ready to send the boate on land within 2 miles to try the tyde having cast the lead amongst shels and stones 35 fathomes deepe Sir Dudly Diggs his Iland bare from mee W S W. the E. part of Nottingham E S E. the Pole elevated 63 d. 12 m. and comming betwixt Cape Wolstenholme and the E. end of Nottingham at noon I met the ebbe comming from the N W. as I could perceive by the overfalls I towed my boate into 19. fathomes and sent her on land driving along the Iland untill her returne These Iles as Resolution Salisbury and Nottingham are Da 15 high at the East end and low at the West this Iland was also named by Master Hudson in due bequest to that most honourable Lord Charles Hawvrd Earle of Nottingham then Lord high Admirall of England a small remembrance for the charge countenance and instruction given to the Search of the enterprise and though smaller yet being by his Lordship Moneths July accepted neither time nor fame ought to suffer oblivion to burie for whensoever it shall please God to ripen those seedes and make them readie for his sickle whom he hath appoynted to be the happie reaper of this crop must remember to acknowledge that those honourable and worthy personages were the first Advancers The boate went at clocke 5 in the afternoone they were away 5 glasses it was flood and in one houre it flowed 10 inches they said that it had 2 houres to slow and had about 2 foot to high they brought a little fire-wood and 3 stint birds they found the foundation of an old Tent at their comming on board the W. end of the land bore N and by E. the S E. end S by E. I edged off untill I brought the N W end N E. the E. end E by S. there I caused the boate to anckor in 60 fathomes the tide came from S E. 2 leag a watch We see great store of Sea Mors playing by the Ilands side from thence I directed the course S W. with carrying away with stiffe gale from S E with both top sailes a trip all the night being twi-light clear some few Ice was in the way but by the helpe of the same thankes be to God wee shunned them This morning clocke 8. I had sight of Mansils Ile for I fell right with the North end thereof it is lowe land but the highest is to the East at that instant I had also sight of Sir Dudly Diggs his Iland and I was not certaine whether I saw the East Mayne or no for a fogge came on presently Master Hudson also named this Iland of Sir Dudlie Diggs a gentleman who hath planted many of the best Vines in this Vineyard succeeding his father and Grandfather in the Mathematicks whose learned knowledge together with his purse added no small proportion to this building to whom my selfe and many others of my quallity shall be still beholden while times age continues This afternoone was 2 fogges 2 cleares the 3 was wet fog at clocke 7. I thought I see Cape Pembrooke upon N. Mayne at clocke 4. before I had 90. fath this afternoone wee see many Sea-Mors and had store of Ice W from this Iland of Sir Robert Mansils I thinke so named by Sir Thomas Button as also Cape Pembrooke Southampton and Carie Swans nest the last most eminent of the 3. I stood as ice would give leave S W. and to the Westward at clocke 8. wee clewd up Moneths July all sailes and drive 2 leag in 18 houres The next morning 4. wee had 120 fath owsie grownd at 7. before the deepe was but 96. here we see Sea-Mors had one sight of the Sunne in the afternoone and all this day we heard the Sea beate upon the ice to windward of us Wee stood 2 glasses to the North with wind at East to get Da 18 cleare off the ice wee drive in all this last night and had those depths at 55. 55. 54. the lead brought up a little white Corrall I set saile this day at clocke 4. and thought then that I see land at N. it was hazie and at clock 12 I thought I had got as much as I lost the day before I pusled all this day amongst the ice and at night was glad to make fast to a peece whereon was a white Beare the ice here is not so dirty as it hath been and I iudge my selfe now not farre from Carie Swans nest Was foggie and calme the wind all over the afternoone Da 19 began to cleare the Beare came againe and wee pursued him from ice to ice he swimming and diving at length the Master kild him with a lance and wee made about 12 gallons of oyle of him although he was but young some of it wee eate boyld without any taste at all but like beefe but being roasted it tasted oylie and rammish This night was cleare above head but fog bankes about the Horizon at clocke 12 there was Pettiedancers or henbanes as some write them North in the firmament betokening a storme to follow within 24 houres there was many Starres also in appearance as those of note Charles-Wayne Auriga Botes and Antonius I could have no observation for ice and fogge dimmed the horizon I thought I see land againe at clocke 8. and had deepe 70 fathomes The Master cald to make loose this morning and all those Da 20 3 or 4 dayes wee have beene fast I cold not observe any thing of the tydes set yet I doe account wee are not far from Carie Swans Nest Wee steered as ice would suffer betweene W N W. and W S W. and did iudge wee made way about 4. leagues and one mile easie winde and reasonable cleare at clocke 9. wee make fast to the ice a reasonable Moneths Iuly distance from a low Iland as I seemed for it thought I could see both ends Vpon sight hereof I caused the Boate to be anchored betweene the ship
the N. W. of the Kings Cape 3. Islands passeable round about standing like an Equilaterall triangle which I named Trinitie Isles in the remembrance of the house of Deepeford Strand A 4th Da 18 and out-most I named Isle Cooke thinking of my good friend and countenancer Mr. Walter Cooke an assistant in that Corporation This little recreation wee had at this Celebration hath much comforted our men that were aboue and something cheered those that were downe as the Master the Boate-swaine his mate the Gunner Carpenter Exposer Russell yet they seeme to bee the worse since this certaine triall of the tide to come from S. E. with his constant flowing and ebbing doth make them conceiue that this hard labour is in vaine Yet they say nothing to mee but that the N. W. tide was mistaken for the Masters of the Trinity House were very carefull that I should bee well man'd so that I had not aboue 5. but were capable of an accompt and therefore the easier to bee gouerned and more helpefull to the designe thus wee ended the euening in feasting and reposed vntill clocke 12. in the night and then wee weighed ankor againe Mr. Hurine and my selfe hoping by this faire meanes to jndure our sufferings thereby to see the hopes of the supposed passage this way This ebbe wee held it vp vnder-â—aile and ankored not This day wee plide about the Queenes Cape the S. side Da 19 thereof is all Rocks small Islands shelues and ouer-falls from 45. fathoms into 20. the land to the N. of the Queenes Cape doth lie N. E. this Cape doth lie in aboue 65. deg 13. min. of latitude it hath beene showers of snow all day I ankored at Clocke 5. in 30. sathomes blew oaze the ebbe was come on and therfore wee came to a sharpe bitter before our ship staid this Tide run from the N. E. as the land wended 3. â— â— miles an houre The night Tide I plide vp N. E. 6. leagues and stopt in 23. fathomes clammy oaze 4. leagues from land at first comming Moneths September of the flood tide it came W. and in 3. glasses it set round about by the S. to the N. still running without any stop heere doth appeare to bee Islands and through lets that doth after the Tides course when hee beginneth not to take his Currant vntill the ½ flood bee past and then hee retaineth his constant course It is now and then snowing I rid now in latitude about 65. 50. min. the day came on and Da 20 I see the land lie along N. E. by E. with 2. Islands neere the one a league off the other bearing S. E. and S. E. by E. coâ—se weather some snowie the low water slacke was this day at Clocke 11. I made way from 11. that I weighed anchor to 5. 12. leagues N. E. by N. when I raised a point or head-land of good height decfending to the Sea or W. wards the Throughlet or Bay on the Starbord as I did coast the E. side I could not see the bottome not of 7. or 8. leagues deepe I had 43. fathomes oazie ground from this Cape the land doth trent to the S. ward of E. the further I came to the N. wards I haue still darker nights the Moone is waineing and it's could weather Comming neere vnto this Cape I see many ouer-falls and races in the Tides face being deeper with more breacke then heretofore so as I caused an ankor to bee made ready hauing then 20. fathomes but before I came to the first ouer-fall I had but 7. 8. 10. differing as fast as the lead went down I anchored in 8. the Cape bore S. S. W. 2. leagues off at the full Sea slacke I could see betwixt vs and the Cape all broken grounds and the ebbe came on so swiftlie as it was bent before wee could get vp our anchor thinking to fall from those ouer-falls and wee were iust at the S. end of those broken grounds the land stretcht away S. E. from hence it runs about ½ Tides for the broken grounds were drie within vs before the Tides returne To conclude I doe account this Cape to lie some mi. within the Artick Cirkle it stretcheth E. wards as before which in hazie weather as in the night is easie to discerne in those parts for the land lying hid in snow doth cause a white reflexe in the Ayre all night as though it were dawning or twi-light before and after sun-set this Cape I named my Lord Westons Portland Hauing weighed ankor I stood off N. by E. and N. N. E. 10. leagues thinking to stand with the W. side that thereby Moneths September if I had found the land to stretch to the E. and S. ward as this did the flood going accordingly would haue giuen good satisfaction to his Majestie but I was not able the reasons you shall find after the sequill of this journall amongst the reasons for my home comming this yeere and ankored some-while before the ebbe had done running in 28 fathomes I commanded the watch to trie the streame of the Flood-tide by the log when it was bent â—n the fourth glasse of the watch my selfe comming foorth of my cabbin and looking ouer-board see the Tide did not goe aboue 2. knots the watch answered that it did not runne so fast as at first commâ—ng on then it went 3. ½ but was now abated I was no sooner laid downe in my cabbin but that I heard the Cabâ—e run forth and wee had all much adoe to bring the shippe to a bitter before it was out end for end Now you shall vnderstand that the ankor had Cadged a great while when comming to take a sudaine hold broke the two Lashers of our stoppers and hal'd the Cable about the bitts the tide taking the ship away E. 4. knots ½ shee hauing driuen an honre or more before In the morning the land beare S. by W. from vs so that wee though wee had run through it the last nights ebbe when it prooued the former as Lord Westous Portland for in that bearing i seemed like an Isleland the deepenesse of the Bay to the S. E. tooke away the sight of any other land for making account that the ebbe set W. standing as before 10 leagues from the Cape it should haue beene so but finding it otherwayes as wee stood with ebbe S. W. wee were drawne into the Bay on the S. side of the Cape where we espied the land to stretch as it did the day before with the same for me which I drew then I knew that for certaine it was the same Portland wee stood Da 12 along S. S. W. this ebbe and got not so much with both ebbs and wind by 2. leagues as wee lost the flood betwixt them But â—ot the Sea-mans better vnderstanding of this I conceiue it may bee made appeare by a familliar example nearer our owne doores and especially by both example and demonstration here
to begin at the mouth of the River Thames towards which two Tydes resort And at the mouth thereof it floweth a S. and N. Moone at the S. Foreland S S. E. in the Channell of the I le of Wight S. E. or S. E. by S. at Plimmouth E. at the Gulfe where the Ocean doth first enter our Channell E. N. E this reckoning goeth against the Sunne and Moone yet this is the way to finde the Sea from whence the tide doth come Likewise along stthe North coast there commeth another tide to the saide River bringing the like flowing and almost answerable at the same distance for from off Harwich it floweth S. S. E. at Yarmouth S. E. at Laresnesse E. by N. at Whitby N. E. at Barwick N. N. E. at Backhaâ—â—nesse N. by E. in Orkney N. Now we know that both those Tydes the one from the North the other from the West came both out of the Westerne Ocean and that from the North by the lands trenting his channell his Current from the West Eastwards to S. E. as at I â—mmouth to S. S. E. as at St. Lawrence W. to S. E. as at Hambrough to S. as at Hull to S. W. as at Harwich and to W. into the said River of Thames So as here it is made manifest that both Tydes comming out of the Western Ocean E doth in the end goe or set just against themselves as they set at their first comming from the Ocean And therefore why wee you not thinke that the land to the West in this passage shall bend towards the South into Mare del Zur as it doth here trented within this Bay S. W. by S. from latitude 64. 1 â— to 59. but to draw these points to a head it is said these Tides met at the Keâ—tish â—nocke and turne their streames into Thames it not being able to retaine them both the other parts are turned along the coast of Flanders Holland Frisland and Zutland where those sides doe end by reason of the Baltickes Seas bottome it being farre unto beside the strait Channels betweene it and the sound It is made now heare to appeare that he that will seeke the Ocean as the Atlanticke to the West or the Hiperâ—orian to the North for the moâ—th of the River of Thames must follow the Tyde one thing is to be observed that it â—loweth more water upon this coast of England then it doth upon the other coasts mentioned the reason may be because England standeth nearer the West Sea Listen now againe how places farre remote from these our neighbour Channels doth correspond with them as in Grâ—enland it â—lowed E. and W. Moone and following the tide 1â—0 leagues to Resolution it flowed E. S. E. as before and so the â—idâ—â—etting in with the Sunne untill it flowed S. by W. at Swaâ—â—es Nest and there is lost in Hudsons Bay so that it holds the same quality in the processe of time with the former from the West and it is apparent that to seeke the Ocean from the bottome of Rivers deepe Bâ—yes or within lands as the Mâ—diterraniâ—n or the Bâ—lâ—icke we must find the flood tide and follow it downâ— the hill of time I meane proceeding against it we shall shorten the flood as this day we shall be where it floweth a S. Moone which we account to bee 12 of the clocke to morâ—ow we shall be where the same Tyde flowed but 9. So that I being but allowed what experience doth make due unto me both neare home and else where I make no doubt but to prove this passage It followeth now to parâ—allâ—ll this supposed passage with those formerly declared and certainely knowne beginning at Port Nelson where I had the exâ—ctest account of his flowing point and climing the flood for so he must conceive that sayleth against Tide found that it flowed there a South East Moone at the Checks where I was on land it flowed E. S. E. at Bâ—gges his Mathematickes East at Brooke Cobham E. be N. at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome E. N. E. Now it is prooved that the course time and change of this Tyde doth correspond with all other Ocean Tydes it running also halfe Tyde which is the floods running still the way of sâ—ood untill it be halfe â—bbe on shore the â—bbe running likewiâ—e his course in continuance untill the water bee halfe flowed upon the shore so as it cannot be said to want any joynt or member of an Oceans flood but may rightly bee tearmed a limme thereof It may be objected that although by all likely hood that is a passage yet it may prove to be a great distance to saile through and how shall a man doe to know when he is thorow that thereby he may direct his course Southward I answere it can be no great distance for that the water doth heighten in Spring-Tydes almost as much water at Sir Thomas Roes Welcome in the Spring Tydes as at C. Warwicke which standeth in the edge of the Hyperborion Ocean and therefore how can this Tyde come farre from his sea and bring constantly as much water as it floweth in any place that standeth neere the Oceans lips How can then the Mare del Zur be farre from hence for the distance betweene Cape Warwicke and Swans Nest is not above 200 leagues where this Tydes quite consumed so at the like distance from Sir Thomas Roes Welcome This new Tyde along that Bay holds the same untill in the bottome thereof it be consumed for I have heard from some that if North winds doth not inforce the Tydes that they doe not flow above two foot in Hudsonâ— E. and W. Bay Me thinketh there is three materiall proofes that maketh better for our purpose for to answere and free this doubt though all the rest of Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Master Wills makes for the passage The first is that the Cosmographers of China doe extend their coasts to the N. E. even to the 50 d. of latitude and may doe further for any thing they know The second is Paulâ—â—Venetus that lived there and sayled from Cattaâ— 1500 leagues North-East and might have gone further for any land he see The 3. is Barnard la Tore the 4 may be the ships found by Francis Wasques at Sierra Nevado not being of America but were a moneth in comming thither from Asia all making that this passage cannot be long for that they of Asia extend the breadth of their country so farre to East Beside Francisco Gaule the Spanish Pylot reports of a high set of a Sea from the Northward in his passage from Japâ—n to Callyfornia which he sayth continued howsoever the windes blew this doth shew the Sea to be open to the N. for the like may be observed upon our N. coast about Whitby where the highest set of the Sea commeth from the N N W. although that poynt bloweth oblicke to the coast yet there is more Sea therwith then the N. E. wind bringeth that blowes