Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	league_n	north_n	west_n	5,773	5	10.5694	5	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68252	The strange and dangerous voyage of Captaine Thomas Iames, in his intended discouery of the Northwest Passage into the South Sea VVherein the miseries indured both going, wintering, returning; and the rarities obserued, both philosophicall and mathematicall, are related in this iournall of it. Published by his Maiesties command. To which are added, a plat or card for the sayling in those seas. Diuers little tables of the author's, of the variation of the compasse, &c. VVith an appendix concerning longitude, by Master Henry Gellibrand astronomy reader of Gresham Colledge in London. And an aduise concerning the philosophy of these late discouereyes, by W.W.	James, Thomas, 1593?-1635?; Gellibrand, Henry, 1597-1636.; W. W. (William Watts), fl. 1633.	1633 (1633)	STC 14444; ESTC S109089	103,433	150

Cape Farewell being still pestered with much Ice The ninth we were in Lat. 59. 00. and we made account the Cape Farewell bare of vs due East and some ten leagues off The Blaskes in Ireland is in Lat. 52. 4. and Cape Farewell in Lat. 59. 00. The course is West North-west and the distance about 410. leagues I know very well these Latitudes courses and distance doe not exactly agree with Mathematicall conclusions but thus we found it by practice The variation of the Compasse in Lat. 52. 30. and 30. leagues to the Westward of Ireland is about 3. 00. to the Eastward in Lat. 57. 00. about 310. leagues West North-west from the Blaskes the Compasse doth vary 9. 00. to the West-ward in Lat. 59. 15. some 40 leagues to the East-ward of Cape Farewell the variation is about 14. 45. In this course I haue bin obseruant whether there were any Currant that did set to the N. E. as some haue written there did and that as well in Calme weather as other-wayes But I could not perceiue any The windes here are variable and the Sea of an vnsearchable depth We haue not seene from Ireland hitherto any Whales or other Fish The weather for the most part was foggie and mistie that wets as bad as raine The tenth all the morning was very foule weather and a high-growne Sea although we had Ice not farre off about vs and some pieces as high as our Top-mast-head Our long Boate which we were faine to Towe at Sterne by reason we were building our Shallop on our Decks broke away and put vs to some trouble to recouer her againe This we did and made meanes to haue her into the Ship though very much bruised and that I had two men sore hurt and like to be lost in the hauing of her in By eight a clocke this euening we were shot vp as high as Cape Desolation for finding here the Land to trend away North and by East we certainly knew it to be the Cape It stands in Lat. 60. 00. and the Land from Cape Farewell to it trends N. W. the distance about 40. leagues The distance from Cape Desolation to the South end of the Iland of Resolution is about 140. leagues the course West halfe a point North. The Lat. of the South end of the Iland being 61. 20. some 12. leagues to the Westward of Cape Desolation the variation is 16. 00. In this course we were much tormented pestered and beaten with the Ice many pieces being higher then our Top-mast-head In our way we saw many Grampusses amongst the Ice and it seemeth the Sea is full of them The weather for the most part a stinking fogge and the Sea very blacke which I conceiue to be occasioned by reason of the fogge The seuenteenth at night we heard the rutt of the shoare as we thought but it prooued to be the rutt against a banke of Ice that lay on the shoare It made a hollow and a hideous noyse like an ouer-fall of water which made vs to reason amongst our selues concerning it for we were not able to see about vs it being darke night and foggie We stood off from it till breake of day then in againe and about 4. a clocke in the morning wee saw the Land aboue the fogge which we knew to be the Iland of Resolution This last night was so cold that all our Rigging and Sayles were frozen Wee endeauoured to compasse about the Southern point of the Iland for that we were so much pestered with the Ice and blinded with a very thicke fogge Here runnes a quicke tyde into the Straight but the ebbe is as strong as the flood The fogge was of such a piercing nature that it spoiled all our Compasses and made them flagge and so heauy withall that they would not trauerse Wherefore I would aduise any that shall Sayle this way hereafter to prouide Compasses of Muscouia Glasse or some other matter that will endure the moisture of the weather As the fogge cleered vp we could see the entrance of the Straight to be all full of Ice close thronged together Indeauouring to goe forward wee were fast inclosed amongst it and so droue to and againe with it finding no ground at 230. fad 4. leagues from the shoare The twentieth in the morning we had got about the Southerne point of the Iland and the winde came vp at West and droue both vs and the Ice vpon the shoare When we were driuen within two leagues of the shoare we came amongst the most strangest whirlings of the Sea that possibly can bee conceiued There were diuers great pieces of Ice a-ground in 40. fad water and the ebbe comming out of the broken grounds of the Iland amongst these Iles of Ice made such a distractiō that we were carryed round sometimes close by the Rocks sometimes close by those high pieces that we were afeard they would fall vpon vs. We were so beaten likewise with the encountering of the Ice that we were in a most desperate estate We made fast two great pieces of Ice to our sides with our Kedger and Grapnels that drew 9. or 10. fad that so they might be a-ground before vs if so be we were driuen on the shoare But that designe fayled vs and now from the top seeing in amongst the Rocks I sent the Boate for now wee had finished her to see if shee could finde some place of securitie but shee was no sooner parted but shee was inclosed and driuen to hale vp on the Ice or else shee had beene crushed to pieces They ranne her ouer the Ice from piece to piece and in the meane space with the whirling and incountring of the Ice the two pieces brake away from our sides and carryed away our Kedger and Grapnels Then we made signes to the Boate to make all the haste shee could to vs which shee perceiuing did the men being with much difficultie inforced to hale her ouer many pieces of Ice In the meane space we made some Sayle and got to that piece of Ice that had our Grapnell on it which wee againe recouered By this time was our Boate come and We put afresh Crue into her and sent her to fetch our Kedger which shee endeauoured with much danger of Beate and Men. By this time the Ship was driuen so neere the shoare that we could see the Rocks vnder vs and about vs and we should be carryed with the whirlings of the waters close by the points of Rocks and then round about backe againe and all this notwithstanding the Sayle we had abroad that wee expected continually when shee would be beaten to pieces In this extremitie I made them to open more Sayle and to force her in amongst the Rocks and broken grounds and where there was many great pieces of Ice aground We went ouer Rocks that had but 12. or 13. foot water on them and so let fall an Anker This Anker had neuer bin able to winde vp the

heard of haue beene so long in such long nights vpon a foule shoald shoare tormented with Ice as we haue now beene At noone we were in Latitude 58. 20. Now as touching the dissolution or ruining of the Ice we found that this storme had torne and shattered this Rande of Ice which was on the outside although it must haue a long time to worke into the maine body of it I haue in Iuly and in the beginning of August taken some of the Ice into the Ship and cut it square 2. foote and put it into the boate where the Sunne did shine on it with a very strong reflexe about it And notwithstanding the warmth of the Ship for we kept a good fire and all our breathings and motions it would not melt in 8. or 10. dayes It was our practice when we should be two dayes together fast to a piece of Ice to set markes on it to see how it did consume but it yeelded vs small hope of dissoluing We could not in that time perceiue any diminution by the sinking of it or otherwise Neuerthelesse I thinke that it is ruined with stormes or consumed with heate some yeeres or else the Bay would be fild choke-full But I confesse that these secrets of nature are past my apprehension Being out of it but no otherwaies then that we yet saw it from off the deckes all to the Eastward I ordered the Master to stere away North and by East keeping the shoalding of the Wester-shoare The 18. at noone we were in Latitude 59. 30. The 19. we continued our course betwixt the N. N. E. and the N. by E. and at noone were in Lat. 61. 7. some 12. leagues off the shoare I ordered the Master to shape his course North-East to looke to that place betwixt Caries Swans-nest and Ne vltra The 20. we were in Latitude 61. 45. This day we saw some few Seales about the Ship The one and twentieth the water shoalded so that we made account we did approach the land but about noone the wind came vp at N. E. our direct opposite We looft as neere it as we could and as it larg'd we came to stand East and East and by North. The two and twentieth we fell with the land to the West-ward of Caries Swans-nest Where we had forty faddome three leagues off We stood in within a league of the shoare into thirteene faddome and seeing the land to the South-ward of vs we compast about it it being Caries Swans-nest which is in Latitude 52. degr 00. Minutes All the 23. we sayled North-East and for the most part in sight of land The foure and twentieth at noone by Iudgement we were in Latitude 63. 30. hauing sayld a North-East course All this day was a very thicke fog which about one a clocke cleerd a little so that I expected to see the land Some of our men being better sighted spyed it out about some two leagues off from vs. I knew it could be no other then Nottingham Iland though it were something contrary to the expectation of our best Marriners We stood into it to make it It was the North end of it and it bare off vs due East I was soone assured of it and I ordered the Master to shape his course north-North-West and by North. Both he and others were vnwilling but without much adoe submitted themselues how loth so euer for that it was so very foule thicke weather The reasons of my resolution were these The time of the yeere was far spent and the discommodities of Winter came vpon vs and therefore would I make the shortest way betwixt the lands already discouered If I found an open Sea I had my desire and did then intend to proceed to the vttermost of our power if we met with the land I should then finish the discouery it being not passing fifteene leagues from land to land and not passing tenne leagues from Nottingham Iland to the maine of the North shoare We made what sayle we could it blowing a very stiffe gale of wind vntill eight in the Euening then it began to blow fiercely and we tooke in our topsayles and stood vnder our two courses and Bonnets At nine it blew a violent storme at South South-East so that we tooke in our fore-saile and let her driue North-West All the night it continued an extraordinary storme so that we heaued the Leade euery halfe watch But the Ship did driue so fast that she would be past the Leade before there was twenty faddom of line out all the night being exceeding cold withall The fiue and twentieth the storme continued in his vttermost malice and did so perplexe vs that there were but few that did sleepe or eate a bit these twenty foure houres About sixe a clocke in the afternoone the Storme began to slaken yet blew there a fierce gale of wind betwixt the South and South-West We stood West North-West and made a North-West way when suddenly the Sea became very smooth We reasoned thereupon amongst our selues what might be the cause of it VVe all thought it to be the Lee-ward tyde nothing doubting what afterwards we encountered The Ship had very quicke way in this smooth water The sixe and twentieth by two a clocke in the morning we were suddenly come in amongst the Ice and it pleased God that the Moone at the instant gaue vs so much light that we could see a little about vs. We would haue staid the Ship but it was so thicke to wind-ward and so neere vs that we durst not Wee then bore vp in this vnexpected accident and I verily beleeue did not scape striking the length of a foote against the Ice as hard as rockes two or three times the Shippe now hauing way after twelue leagues a watch Then wee stood close by a wind to the Eastward expecting day that wee might see about vs. Wee could from top-mast head see the Ice to the North North-West the North-west and so round about by the South to the East and some there was to Leeward of vs. It was all flat sound Ice in maine rands and the Sea as smooth as a well amongst it This strooke vs all into a dumpe whereupon I called a consultation of my Associates namely Arthur Price Master William Clements Lieutenant Iohn Whittered Masters Mate Nathaniel Bilson Chirurgion and Iohn Palmer Boateswayne requiring them to aduise and counsell mee how to prosecute our businesse to effect These all went together and reasoned amongst themselues and then brought me their opinions in writing vnder their hands Videlicet Our aduice is that you repaire homeward from this present twentie sixth and that for these reasons First for that the nights are long and so extreme cold withall that we can hardly handle our sayles and riggings Secondly the times are now subiect to stormy and gusty weather as witnesseth the present season it hauing continued a storme euer since the twentie fourth and doth

yet continue no weather to discouer in Thirdly we doubt whether Hudsons Straights be so cleere of Ice that it may be passable in conuenient time winter comming now on apace before we be frozen vp seeing the Ice lyes here all ouer the Sea in rands and ranges Fourthly wee must haue a set of faire weather to passe the Straight which we may stay a long time for if we neglect the first opportunity Fiftly for that our Ship is very leaky so that in foule weather we are faine to pumpe euery glasse which is great labour Moreouer we know her to be so sorely bruised with rocks and blowes of the Ice that shee is no more to be aduentur'd amongst it but in sauing of our liues homewards Besides all this our men grow very weake and sickly with extreme labour Sixthly the season of the yeere is so farre spent that we can expect no other weather then we haue had both lately and at present That is to say snow and fogge freezing our rigging and making euery thing so slippery that a man can scarce stand And all this with the winde Southerly which if it should come to the Northward then we are to expect farre worse Seuenthly and lastly that the Ice lyes all in thicke rands and ranges in the very way we should goe as you and all men here may see And therefore wee conclude as aforesaid That there is no possibilitie of proceeding further wherefore we here counsell you to returne homeward hoping that God will giue vs a fauourable passage and returne vs home safe into our natiue countreys If we take time and not tempt him too farre by our wilfulnesse Indeed most of these reasons were in view and I could not tell what to say to oppose them no nor any reason could I giue how we might proceed further wherefore with a sorrowfull heart God knowes I consented that the helme should bee borne vp and a course shapte for England well hoping that his Maiestie would graciously censure of my endeauours and pardon my returne And although wee haue not discouered populous kingdomes and taken speciall notice of their Magnificence power and policies brought samples home of their riches and commodities pryed into the mysteries of their trades and traffique nor made any great fight against the enemies of God and our Nation yet I wish our willingnesse in these desart parts may be acceptable to our Readers When we bore vp Helme we were in latitude 65. 30. at least North-west and by North from Nottingham Iland Some were of an opinion that we were further to the Northward but by reason it was by Iudgement I chose to set downe the lesser distance The twentie seuenth the winde came vp at North-west with which winde we could not haue gone on our designe That winde made no great swelling Sea By noone we were athwart of Cape Charles so that we went in betwixt that Cape and Mill Ilands The last night it did snow very much was very cold so that all our rigging sayles were frozen and all the land couered ouer with snow And here sithence I haue formerly spoken that it snowes very much it will not be amisse to consider of the reasons of it When I was vpon Charleton Iland our wintering place and in Iune when the snow was cleereliest gone off the ground I haue in the nights some of them following the hottest dayes obserued whether there fell any dew or no but I could neuer perceiue any vnder correction of the learned from mosse and sand little mee thoughts was to be expected Now of what was exhald from the snowy Ice and cold Sea could there probably be returned but the like againe Generally we continued on our course blinded with foggie and durtie weather and that intermixt with snow and frost amongst disperst pieces of Ice many of them higher then our Top-mast head With great varietie of winds we were also driuen within three leagues of both shoares so that the last of this moneth we were in the narrow of the Straight which is about fifteene leagues ouer the South shoare was much pestred with Ice September 1632. The first and second we continued our endeuour to get on our way The third in the euening as the weather cleered vp we did see the South end of the Iland of Resolution These three dayes and nights had beene extreme cold with fogge and frost insomuch that our men in the euening could hardly take in our Top-sayles and Spreet-sayle We haue sayled thorow much mountainous Ice farre higher then our Top-mast head But this day we sayled by the highest that I euer yet saw which was incredible indeed to be related Now as the winde comes Easterly wee feele another Sea out of the Ocean and the Ship labours with another motion then she hath done with any that euer we obserued to come out of the Westward From the third to the eighth we had varietie of winds and were gotten cleere out of the Straights but were now comne into such a tumbling Sea the weather durtie and gustie and by interims calme againe that the Ship did so labour and rowle that wee thought verily shee would haue rowled her Masts by the boord This made her so leaky that we were faine to pumpe euery glasse yea her seames did so open aloft that we lay all wet in her This was the last day that wee saw any Ice The winde now fauouring vs we made all the haste we could homeward By the way hauing endeauoured obserued and experimented some things in my vnfortunate voyage I perfected vp my said obseruations which being after commanded to publish I here most submissely offer vnto the Iudicious Readers and raine our priuate opinion withall concerning the faiseablenesse of the Action intended which was to finde a passage into the South Sea What hath beene long agoe fabled by some Portingales that should haue comne this way out of the South Sea the meere shaddowes of whose mistaken Relations haue comne to vs I leaue to be confuted by their owne vanitie These hopes haue stirred vp from time to time the more actiue spirits of this our Kingdome to research that meerely imaginary passage For mine owne part I giue no credit to them at all and as little to the vicious and abusiue wits of later Portingals and Spaniards who neuer speake of any difficulties as shoald water Ice nor sight of land but as if they had beene brought home in a dreame or engine And indeed their discourses are found absurd and the plots by which some of them haue practised to deceiue the world meere falsities making Sea where there is knowne to be maine land and land where is nothing but Sea Most certaine it is that by the onely industry of our owne Nation those Northerne parts of America haue beene discouered to the Latitude of 80. degrees and vpwards And it hath beene so curiously done the labours of seuerall men being ioyned together that