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A50819
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A new cosmography, or, Survey of the whole world in six ingenious and comprehensive discourses, with a previous discourse, being a new project for bringing up young men to learning / humbly dedicated to the Honourable Henry Lyttelton, Esq. by Guy Miege, Gent.
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Miege, Guy, 1644-1718?
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1682
(1682)
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Wing M2015; ESTC R10178
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68,375
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155
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Mediterraneum And the Grecians upon the same account termed it in their Language 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is the Inland Sea By the Spaniards it is usually called Mar di Levante because it runs East from Spain In the Scriptures it is called the Great Sea as Numb 34. where it is said You shall have the great Sea for a Border And that in opposition to the Dead-Sea and the Sea of Galilee lying on the other side of the Land of Palestine which are properly but Lakes of an indifferent compass But as the Camelion is said to apply it self to the colour of the nearest adjacent Body so this Sea takes its denomination from the nearest Shores And accordingly the Romans of old gave it these several Names as Mare Hispanicum or Ibericum Balearicum Gallicum Ligusticum Tuscum or Tyrrhenum Liburnicum Corsicum Sardinium Siculum Ausonium Ionium Creticum c. Phil. Then I was all this while under a great Mistake For I took them all for want of better skill to be so many distinct Seas from the Mediterranean and so could never find them out to fix them in my mind Sophr. You see what it is to be left without a Guide in the dark Phil. But whereabouts is the Adriatick Sea Sophr. The Adriatick is that which is called now a days from Venice the Gulf of Venice a Sea or Gulf which runs up a great way North-west-ward betwixt Italy of one side part of Greece and Sclavonia on the other side 'T is properly but a Part or Limb of the Mediterranean which makes an Excursion that way And of this Mare Illyricum and Dalmaticum were but Parts Phil. What Sea is that which is called the Aegean Sea Sophr. The same that is now termed the Archipelago being likewise but an Excursion of the Mediterranean to the Northward A Sea remarkable for its Swarm of Islands and for parting so far as it runs Europe from Asia About the Island Myrtos it was called Myrtoum about Icaria Icarium and so from Carpathus it took the name of Carpathium Phil. Whereabout is the Propontis Sophr. The Propontis now called the Sea of Marmora is a Sea that ly's betwixt the Archipelago Southward and the Black Sea Northward being parted from that by the Streights called Hellespont or the Streights of Gallipoly and from this by the Thracian Bosphorus or the Streights of Constantinople This Sea continues the Separation of Europe from Asia And so doth the Black Sea otherwise called Pont Euxin or the Euxine Sea A huge Sea that spreads it self a great way to the Eastward Phil. Doth not the Palus Maeotis lie hereabouts Sophr. Right North from the Black Sea there being but the Cimmerian Bosphorus or the Streight of Caffa between A Sea much lesser than the Euxine but bigger than the Propontis And therefore the Name of Palus Maeotis or Maeotick Fens is a Name much below the greatness of it It is now called otherwise the Sea of Zabache from a Fish of that name caught here at some times of the Year Pliny calls it the Mother of the Sea as if the Mediterranean had its Original from hence and not from the Ocean The same is also a Boundary betwixt Europe and Asia But in the North of Europe and altogether within the Bounds of it there is also an Inland Sea commonly called the Baltick and by the Durch Oost Zee which washes on the North-side the Shore of Sweden and on the South-side part of Denmark Germany and Poland The same begins at the Streights called the Sund and ends in two considerable Gulfs the one called the Gulf of Bothnia and the other the Gulf of Finland from two Provinces of that Name about which they lye both under the Crown of Sweden The first of those Gulss being the greater of the two runs Northwards and the other Eastwards Further Northward betwixt Lapland and Moscovy you will find the White Sea a pretty large Arm of the Northern Ocean which runs from North to South Betwixt Asia and Africk is the Red Sea otherwise called the Sea of Mecca or the Gulf if Arabia This begins at the Streights of Babelmandel from whence it runs Northward as far as the Isthmus of Sues above 400 Leagues but the breadth of it is not proportionable This is the Sea so famous for the miraculous Passage of the Children of Israel and the drowning Pharaoh King of Egypt Betwixt Arabia foelix and Persia ly's an Inland Sea commonly called the Persian Gulf or the Gulf of Persia or else the Gulf of Balsora or the Gulf of Elcatif from two Towns of the greatest note upon the Sea that lying just upon the fall of Euphrates into it Northward and this 90. Leagues South of that in Arabia foelix This Sea is a pretty large Arm of the Southern Ocean which breaks in at the Streights of Mossandan whilst the River Euphrates falls in at the other end The continual clashing of which two great Waters makes this a turbulent and unruly Sea In the Northern America you will find as large a Sea as that by the name of Hudson's Bay and the way to it through Hudson's Streights From whence it runs full South betwixt Estotiland Eastward and New South-wales Westward West from this Sea you will find Buttons Bay And about Terra Borealis the Sea called Baffin's Bay Thus Philalethes you have a brief and general Account of the Seas What remains is to give you an Account of their respective Gulfs and Streights The chiefest Gulfs of the Ocean I mean such as do only make a circling Shore are in Europe the little but famous Gulf in Holland called the Zuyder Zee or South Sea upon which Amsterdam is Seated about France the Aquitanick Ocean so called from Aquitain of which the Province of Guienne is a part and about Spain the Gulf of Cadiz In Asia there is the Gulf of Ormuz South of Persia then the great Gulf of Bengala in the Indies the Gulf of Sian further Eastward the Gulf of Tunquin or Cochinchine further towards China that of Nanquin in the North Parts of China a great Gulf North of Japon and lastly another large Gulf on the North of Tartary In Africk there is a great Gulf towards Guinea In America you will find St. Laurences Gulf and the Gulf of Mexico this last one of the greatest that are And as the Ocean so the Mediterranean has several remarkable Gulfs As That of Valencia in Spain the Gulf of Lyon in France and on the Coast of Italy the Gulfs of Genoa Gaeta Naples Salerno Policastro St. Eufemia Squillaci or delli Castelli and Taranto On the Coast of Greece the Gulfs of Larta Lepanto Arcadia Coron or Calamata Colochina or Castel Rampani Those of the Gulf of Venice are on the side of Italy the Gulfs of Manfredonia and Trieste and on the other side Those of Carnero Narenza Drino and Valona Those of the Archipelago anciently so famous in Greece are now known by the Names of Napoli Engia Negroponte Ziton
its Gold and Silver Mines lies Northward of Chili East of the South or Pacifick Sea and is parted from North to South almost in the midst by the huge Mountains called Andes The Country is about 600. Leagues in length from North to South but the breadth from East to West is not proportionable From hence it is that some can the whole Peninfule by the name of Peruana as they call the other from Mexico Mexicana This great and rich Kingdom was Conquered by the Spaniards ten years after that of Mexico viz. in the year 1522. Pizarro was the Man imployed in Chief in the Conquest of it a Man basely extracted and as sordidly brought up who was fain at last to steal for shelter into America Where being grown Rich and Bold by his Adventures and being well informed of the Wealth of Peru he undertook the Conquest of it and at last per fas nefas got it for the Crown of Spain Since which Time the Spaniards have divided it into three Audiencas or Prefectures Viz. Audienca de Quito which takes up the Northern Parts Audienca de los Reyes which contains the middle Parts where you will find Peru properly so called and Audienca de los Charcas which takes up the Southern Parts By Amazonia I mean all those Inland and Unknown Countrys which lye betwixt Peru on the West and Brasil on the East bounded North-wards with Terra-firma Southward with Paraguay and Part of Peru. Called Amazonia from the Amazone that great and prodigious River which runs through the North Parts of this Country from West to East into Mar del Nort or North Sea Thus you have Philalethes a general Account of the Known Parts of the World In Terra Polaris Arâ—ctica you will find Greenland first discovered in the year 982 by Ericus Rufus but little of it besides the Sea-Coast is known Famous most of all for the Fishing of Whales hereabouts East of Greenland lies Nova Zemla of which nothing is discovered as yet besides the Western Shore So that it is not known whether it be an Island or part of the Continent In Terra Australis or towards it you will find these Country 's as imperfectly discovered as those Viz. the Land of Papous East of the Molucca's and New Guinea East of that But some take the Land of Papous to be part of New Guinea South of these is New Holland not long since discovered by the Hollanders But whether it is an Island or Continent we are as yet to seek Phil. I think we have run pretty well over the World It is high time for us to rest our selves But I desire next time we meet to learn the Meaning of the Circles that so I may understand the use of Globes and Maps Sophr. With all my heart The Seventh Discourse Of the Vse of Globes and Maps with their several Circles SOphronius In our former Discourses you have had a general Account of the Real Parts of the Earth Now I come to the Imaginary ones I mean those Lines or Circles supposed to go about the World and accordingly drawn in Terrestrial Globes and Maps for the better teaching and learning of Geography Phil. Pray let me have their Definition Sophr. A Globe is a compendious Representation of the Earth in its round Figure with several Circles and an exact Situation with the Names of its several Country's Seas chief Lakes and Rivers Hills Towns or City's A Map is either general or particular By a general Map is meant a Planisphere or a Map of the whole Earth describing the Old and New World by themselves the first on the right hand and the other on the left A particular Map is a Representation of a particular Part of the World as of Europe Asia on Africa the Northern or Southern America Which are but particular Maps in respect of a Map of the whole World 'T is true there are Maps indeed more particular such as give an account of a particular Country or of one Province or more of that Country In which respect the Maps of Europe Asia Africk and America be said to be general And so I come to the Circles But first I begin with the Axel-tree of the World which is a right Line imagined to pass through the Center or midst of the World from one end of it to the other The upper end of which Axel-tree is called the Pole Arctick or North Pole and the nether end opposite to that the Pole Antarctick or South Pole Phil. How many Circles are there Sophr. There are eight principal Circles four greater and four lesser The greater Circles are The Equinoxial The great Meridian The Zodiack The Horeon The lesser Circles The Tropick of Cancer The Tropick of Capricorn The Arctick The Antarctick The Equinoctial otherwise called Aequator and by Mariners the Line is a great Circle going round the. Globe in the very midst betwixt the two Poles It is called Equinoctial because when the Sun is come to this Circle then is the Equinox that is the day and night are of an equal length And it hath the name of Aequator because it divides the World into two equal Parts the one Northwards the other Southwards From whence comes the Distinction of Northern and Southern Latitude that reaching from this Circle as far as the North Pole and this from the same Circle as far as the South-Pole Now this Circle is divided into 360. Parts called Degrees of Longitude as shewing the Length of the World Whereof the first 90. Degrees run from West to East then 180. Degrees by the back-side of the Globe from East to West and at last 90. Degrees more from West to East all which make up the number of 360. Degrees The great Meridian is a Circle that go's round the Poles and so divides the World likewise into two equal Parts In Globes it is made commonly of Brass The same has got the name of Meridian from the Latine Meridies that is Noon day because when the Sun is come to that Circle then 't is Noon in the Place whereof it is the Meridian And it is called great Meridian in opposition to those lesser Meridians which are to be seen in Globes and Maps This is the Circle wherein are set down the 360. Degrees of Latitude or Breadth of the World divided into four times 90. Now the Question is which is the most proper place for the great or first Meridian to pass through For our Modern Geographers differ much about it which causes a great Confusion Some follow still Ptolomy who placed it in the Canary Islands others have removed it more Westward to the Azores Neither do these agree amongst themselves For some will have it pass through S. Michael and S. Mary others through Corvo and Flores For my part I don't admire an Innovation that causes so much Distraction and whatever they pretend to the Remedy to be sure is worse than the Disease Therefore it were much to be wished