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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

Masters forcing their Scholars to Fast and Watch carry great Burthens of Provisions to the Army and be in the midst of Engagements Others whose Fancy led them to a holy Life willingly embrac'd the Services of the Temple Their manner of Dancing Their manner of Dancing in New Spain was very strange and differing they us'd pretty Instruments and Songs which contain'd antique Passages according to the Times they in their Motions imitated Shepherds Fisher-men Plowmen Hunters and the like Sometimes they Danc'd in Mascarades with a Man on their Shoulders making the same Motion with his Hands in the Air as the other with his Feet on the Ground They had also Tumblers and Dancers on the Ropes which shew'd strange Tricks on an erected Pole But above all Dances the Mitotes was the chief which was generally Danc'd in the King's Palace or inner Court of the Temple in the middle of which they plac'd a great Drum and a hollow Tub on a large Image round about which the most eminent Persons made a Ring Sang sweetly and Danc'd leisurely when on a sudden two that are more nimble with divers Motions came into the midst of them and Danc'd exactly after the sound of the Drum and hollow Tub which was seconded with the noise of Flutes and Pipes CHAP. VI. New Gallicia Bounds and Extent of New Gallicia NEw Gallicia by some call'd Guadalajara from the chief City This whole Province is the most Northern Countrey of all America that is inhabited to any purpose by the Spaniards Here 't is true they are scatter'd up and down in all the parts of it but it is at a huge distance and for the most part onely where the Mines are It is bounded on the East and to the South with the Kingdom of Mexico or New Spain on the West with the Gulf or Bay of California Northward for so much as is yet discover'd with Quivira and Cibola lying between eighteen and twenty eight Degrees of Northern Latitude that is from La Natividad a Port so nam'd by the Spaniards in the Confines of New Spain to the most Northerly Borders of Cinoloa a part of this Province containing as is suppos'd not much less than three hundred Leagues in length and in breadth much more and whereof not a tenth part is either us'd or frequented by the Spaniards Temperature and Nature of the Countrey The Air is generally here very temperate inclining rather to Heat than Cold and subject now and then to sudden Storms of Rain and great Claps of Thunder which yet do not hinder but that the Countrey is held to be reasonably healthful and the People observ'd to live generally to a good old Age. The Soil by reason of the Climate would be a little inclining to Drought but that besides the frequent Rains which it hath it is constantly moistned with fresh Morning Dews which make it for the most part wonderfully fruitful almost beyond belief yielding for every Pushel of Wheat that is sown threescore and of Maiz two hundred for one besides great plenty of Sugar-Canes and Cochinele both which nevertheless the Spaniards are said to neglect in some sort employing themselves wholly about richer Commodities for the Countrey affords them good store of Mines of Silver and Brass but of Gold or Iron not many as yet have been found The Rivers abound plentifully with Fish and the Woods with Wenison and some other wild Beasts The Countrey is generally more mountainous than plain frequently shaded with Woods and whole Forrests of the stateliest Pine-Trees and Oaks that are to be seen amongst which breed abundance of Wolves which do great mischief to the People as also Scorpions and Mustiecho's The Hurts receiv'd from Scorpions are heal'd with the Juice of the Fruit call'd Queon those from the Mustiecho's by Vinegar and the Juice of Lemmon Here is likewise a green Stone accounted a soveraign Medicine against the Gravel Several sorts of Tunas-Trees The Trees peculiar to this Countrey are the tunas already spoken of in Guatimala and thought to be the same we vulgarly call Indian Fig-Trees and are distinguish'd into six sorts The first by the Portuguese call'd Cardon hath sharp Prickles thick Leaves full of slimy Juice an odoriferous Flower oval Fruit cover'd with an Orange-colour'd Rind and small Roots The Fruit within consists of a white juicy and well tasted Pulp full of black Seed The second hath a round Body full of Boughs with Star-like Prickles hanging downwards the Flower white and the Fruit very like that of the Cardon onely smaller The third is the Caxabra which shoots up to a great Tree full of prickly Cods at the utmost end grows a large white Flower the Fruit which is as big again as an Egg is pleasant and cooling The fourth sort hath a straight Body full of Prickles runs lesser and lesser to the top at the end of the small Boughs each thick Leaf produces another the Wood if kindled burns like a Candle The fifth nam'd Cumbeba grows out of small Roots with three or four corner'd thick Leaves full of Prickles the Flower somewhat less than the former the Fruit oval hard and red having a white and juicy Pulp The Prickles of this Cumbeba-Tree are so sharp and stick in so deep that they can scarce be pull'd out This is that sort of Tunas that produces Cochinele which is a Worm that grows under the Leaves and is cover'd with a Skin which being neatly taken off and dry'd in the Sun as formerly mention'd becomes a rich Commodity Joseph de Acosta tells us that the Spanish Fleet Anno 1578. carried so much Cochinele to Spain as amounted to two hundred eighty three thousand seven hundred and fifty Ryals But the last sort of the Tunas is the Unirumbeba which hath a straight Body full of Prickles on the top whereof grow divers prickly Leaves not unlike those of the Palm-Tree It is onely found in barren places remote from the Sea Moreover all kind of Fruits transplanted hither from Spain thrive very well as Apples Pears Granats Figs Peaches Apricocks Muskmelons c. The Root Castanuela The Root Castanuela affords a much better Feeding for Swine than Acorns But amongst many other Roots which are found here as the Xiquimas Yaca Cochuco Cari Totora and Mani The Batata the chief is the Batata which is fat sweet and windy it runs over the Ground with a tough green Sprig the new Fibres taking Root dispersedly up and down being yellow without and within full of milky Juice the Leaf resembling a Heart is of a pale yellow colour on the top and donuy underneath roasted in Ashes it eats better than a Turnip It is divided into three sorts The first call'd Omenapo-yeima when boyl'd shews like red Betel but Dyes of a Skye-colour the innermost Skin which is of a dark Red yields an Ink-like Juice The second sort call'd Parro differs little from the first onely the Body Root and Veins of the

rather than Provinces The principal whereof are these that follow viz. Misteca 2. Tutepecque 3. Zapoteca 4. Guazacoalco 5. Gueztaxatla and 6. the Valley of Guaxata from whence Cortez after the Conquest of Mexico had his Title given him by the Emperor Marquess of the Valley It is the richest and most pleasant part of the whole Province extended in a continu'd Tract together full sixteen Leagues or more lying about fourscore Southward of Mexico and wanting neither Mines of Gold and Silver nor any other of the prime and best Commodities of the New-World In this Countrey they speak thirteen sorts of Languages Languages of which the Mexican is most us'd Poisonous Herb. Amongst the Plants which grow here is an exceeding Poysonous Herb which kills those whosoe're pluck it though a long time after that is to say if it be of a Years growth it kills not before the Years end if a Moneth old at the Moneths end if a Day on the same This Countrey formerly suffer'd also many inconveniencies by Earthquakes but of late they are somewhat abated which the Spaniards ascribe to Martialis Protector of the Cathedral at Antequera Misteca is divided into Alta and Baxa both of which have Rivers and Brooks that afford Gold whither the Indian Women taking Provisions go for several days and gather Gold in Troughs which they exchange at the Spanish Markets for Provisions Strange Cave Not far from the Village Cuertlavaca lies a high Mountain remarkable for a strange Cave whose Entrance is very narrow at the end whereof appears a square Place of fifty Foot upon one side whereof stand Pits with Steps near which begins a crooked Way of a League long at the end of which is a spacious Place with a Fountain of good Water from the Foot of which flows a small Brook But because none have made any farther discovery of this Cave the other parts of it remain yet unknown On the top of St. Antonio the Indians live with their Families in Caves between the Rocks Not far from hence appear two Mountains whose tops though they lie at a great distance from one another at the bottom they are so near that a Man may step from one to the other The six Rocks Pennoles formerly Garrison'd by the Kings of Mexico have Gold Lead-Mynes and a Root which is us'd in stead of Soap In the Village Totomachiapo is a Cave of half a Mile long at the end whereof the Water prevents a farther discovery The Rocky Countrey Zapotecas formerly bred very salvage Inhabitants Mantled in Furrs but now Civiliz'd clad after the common manner Americans whether Extracted from the ten Tribes of Israel The People spread over Guaxacualco Yluta and Cueztxatla observe Circumcision according to an ancient Custom from whence some have in vain sought for a testimony that these Americans should be originally extracted from the scatter'd Tribes of Israel but the Tartars more immediately who at last crossing the Straits of Anian furnish'd the desolate Countrey of America with Inhabitants But this Opinion is without any probability of truth for it will never follow from their Circumcision that the Tartars the greatest People on Earth must owe their original to a few Israelites Prisoners since that Ceremony was never thought on by them till they embrac'd the Mahumetan Religion And though they had been Circumcis'd before Mahomet's time this would be no testimony that they were extracted from the Israelites for how many People embrac'd Circumcision which were never extracted from Abraham's Seed It is affirm'd by Diodorus Siculus that the Cholchians by Philo Judaeus the Egyptians by Herodotus the Moors by Strabo the Troglodytes by Cyprian the Phoenicians and Arabians Circumcis'd themselves from all Antiquity which is to this day observ'd by some of them It also plainly appears by the Prophet Jeremiah that the Egyptians Edomites Ammonites Moabites and Ishmaelites had the same Custom anciently amongst them Towns and chief Villages of Guaxaca The Towns of principal note inhabited by the Spaniards in this Province are 1. Antequera in the Valley aforesaid a stately City and beautifi'd with a fair Cathedral Church built with Pillars of the finest Marble of great heighth and bigness The River which glides by the Walls springing out of the Ground runs to the Mountain Coatlan Not far from thence lies the Village Herrera which boasts four hundred Spanish Families though some say that the greatest part of them are Indians who pay the Spaniards Cotton Cloaks and Nuts for Tribute 2. Illephonso de los Zapotecas lies on a Mountain belonging to the Mixes anciently a salvage strong and long-bearded People who speak a gross Language and in former times went naked onely a white Deer-skin Tann'd in Man's Brains about their Middle They maintain'd continual War against the Zapoteca's and could never have been subdu'd by the Spaniards had it not been for their Dogs which kept them in such awe that thirty Spanish Soldiers ventur'd to live in Illephonso amongst thirty thousand Mixes who now drive a Trade in Cotton Maize and Gold 3. San Jago de Nexapa appears at a great distance on a high Mountain where also twenty Soldiers with their Dogs were wont to awe the cruel Natives 4. The last Place built by Gonzales de Sandovall Anno 1522. is Villa del Espiritu Santo Commands fifty Indian Villages which with great difficulty were brought to submit to the Spaniards The River Aquivicolco affords a convenient Harbor the Mouth thereof being a hundred and ninety Paces broad Upon the Southern Ocean is the Haven Guatulco where the Ships that Sail to Honduras and Peru take in their Lading The Custom-house belonging to this Place was first plunder'd by Sir Francis Drake and nine years after burnt by Candish The River Ometipu which springing out of the Mountain Cacatepec falls into Tepoanteque abounds with divers sorts of good Fish especially Cra-Fish There are also reckon'd of the Natives of this Province no less than fifteen thousand Persons that pay Tribute to the Spaniards besides Women and Children and also a great number of Spaniards Sect. V. Panuco Bounds and Description of Panuco PAnuco is the most Northerly Province of Hew Spain by some call'd Guasteca bounded on the East with the Gulf of Mexico on the West with Uxitipa a Countrey of New Gallicia on the North with some undiscover'd Countreys of Florida from which it is divided by the River of Palms on the South with Mechoacan and Mexicana It is call'd Panuco from a River of that Name which turning from the Mountains Tepecsuan in New Gallicia and dividing New Biscay from the Province of Zacatecas passeth through the midst of this Countrey also and at last empties it self into the Gulf. This Countrey is reckon'd to be about fifty Leagues in length and not much less in breadth of a fruitful Soil having some Mynes of Gold in it and once very populous till the Spaniards about the Year 1522. dispeopled it by their

them The Ruins of the Houses are yet to be seen on the Way along which they pass'd The six Tribes divided themselves after this manner Four of them setled round about the great Lake of Mexico The Sichumilans taking the South part built besides two other Towns a Metropolis of their own Name as the Chalcans on the North. The Tapunecans built Azcapuzalco in the West which signifies A Pismires Hole because of the abundance of Inhabitants The Eastern part was taken up by the Chalhuans And all these Names have a peculiar signification the first signifies People of Flowry Fields the second People of Mouthes the third People of Bridges and the fourth Crooked People Not long after the Tatluicans a strong People went over the Mountains on the other side of the Mexican Lake where they built several Towns on a hot yet fruitful Soil the chiefest whereof they call'd Quahunachua that is A Place where an Eagles Voice is heard The Tlascaltecans went near the Snowy Mountains one of which being between Mexico and De los Angelos vomits horrid Flames and Smoke up into the Skie Here scattering up and down they built several Villages besides the City Tlascalla the Inhabitants whereof assisted the Spaniards as hath been related in the taking of Mexico for which good Service they live free without paying any Tribute When these six Tribes came first from Mexico thither the Chichimecans made little or no resistance against them but hid themselves amongst the Rocks yet some of them not long after taking courage flew to Arms and had without doubt destroy'd the Tlascallans had not a subtile Plot sav'd them for under a shew of Friendship they falling on the unarm'd Chichimecans kill'd every Man of them Joseph de Acosta tells us that Anno 1586. he saw a Grave in Mexico wherein a Chichimecan of a Gygantick size lay buried After this Conquest gotten by the Tlascallans the fore-mention'd six Tribes liv'd in Peace and Quiet and strengthned themselves the more by Marrying into one anothers Families The Chichimecae keeping on the Mountains left the new People in quiet possession of their Lands nay learnt some of their Customs insomuch that they began to build Huts chuse Governors and live according to their Laws Viztlipuztli idolum Mexicanorum We have often made mention heretofore of the Governor of this Journey Viztlipuztli it will therefore be necessary to give an exacter Description of him as followeth Description of the Image Viztlipuztli He was a woodden Image like a Man sitting on a blue Seat in a triumphant Chair at each end of which was plac'd a Staff with a Serpents Head upon it from whose Forehead which was Painted blue ran a Streak of the same colour cross his Nose to both his Ears upon his Head stood a Plume of Feathers the ends whereof were tipp'd with a golden Varnish his left Hand held a white Shield on which stuck five Feathers and on the top a Laurel Bough next the Shield lay four Arrows pretended to be sent from Heaven in his right Hand a Truncheon full of blue crooked Streaks like Serpents behind on his Shoulders appear'd Wings not unlike those of a Bat his Eyes large and round and his Mouth reaching from Ear to Ear made him terrible to behold also gaping and full of Teeth which stuck out of his Belly in his Breast also were two fiery Eyes and under them a shrivell'd Nose his Feet ended in Claws hung round about with Precious Jems golden Boxes and Shields set out with divers colour'd Feathers The Curtain behind which this Idol sat was not drawn open except on a Feast-Day Next Viztlipuztli stood generally a lesser Image call'd Tlaboc and also the Goddess Tocci Daughter to the Prince of Culhuacan who as before mention'd was flay'd by their Daemon's Command Since which time they suppos'd that they were never more acceptable to their Gods than when they appear'd Cloth'd in another Man's Skin and accounted no Offering better than a Heart taken out of their Enemies Breast since their Spirit destroy'd so many after that manner in the Army at Tula But Tocci they say had also a Son much inclin'd to Hunting Yocci's Festival whose Image they carry attended by a thousand People with the sound of Horns and Trumpets to an Arbor on a high Mountain which being made of green Leaves pleited had in the middle an Altar on which they set the Idol whilst the Multitude surrounded the Foot of the Mountain and set all the Bushes about the same on Fire which done they shouted and hollow'd and play'd on several Instruments which frighting the wild Beasts that lay shelter'd in the Woods made them run to the top of the Mountain where they were more and more inclos'd by the People insomuch that many of them were slain for an Offering before Tocci's Son's Altar which done they carried the Idol back to his Temple and the People made Merry with the slain Venison Description of Tezcatlipuca's Image As great Reverence they shew'd to Tezcatlipuca because as they said he pardon'd their Sins This Idol was made of a black shining Stone richly Apparell'd having Golden Ear-rings in his undermost Lip a Silver Sheath in which stuck sometimes a green and sometimes a blue Plume of Feathers his Hair was ty'd with an embroider'd String at the end of which hung a Golden Ear whereon Smoak was Painted signifying the Prayers of oppress'd Sinners moreover the String hung full of Pearls and about the Neck in a String hung a Jewel on his Breast as also on his Navel a green Stone in his left Hand he held a Fan made of a Gold Plate in which stuck many colour'd Feathers this Plate glittering like Glass was in stead of a Mirrour for Tezcatlipuca to observe all worldly Transactions in the same and to punish Criminals he held four Darts in his right Hand His Feast they kept once in four years This Idol also had the Command of Hunger Drought Famine and pestilential Distempers wherefore he had quite another shape sat on a Stool behind a red Curtain embroider'd with dead Mens Bones and Sculls his Body Coal black his Head stuck full of Quails Feathers a Quiver with four Arrows in his left and a Rod in his right Hand which made the Image seem very terrible The Idol Quetzalcoalt being their Guardian over the Merchants was plac'd in a high Temple being shap'd like a Man his Face onely excepted for that resembled a Bird's Head with a red Bill full of Teeth a Comb and a long Tongue on the hind-part of his Head stood a Mitre and about his Legs Silk Garters beset with Pearls CHAP. IX Cibola Tontonteac and Nova Granada THough the Province of Zuny above-mention'd in the Chapter of New Mexico in the Voyage of Espejus be there otherwise call'd and appear to be the same with Cibola yet we find it not treated of by any as part of New Mexico but by some as a distinct Province by others as a