fifth is the wilde Buglosse or Sheepes tongue Lycopsis Garden Buglosse Anthusae genus Alkanet †The Description THe first kinde called of vs great Buglosse of the garden hath lōg rough swartegreene hearie sharpe leaues almost like to the leaues of Lettice but longer sharper at the ende The stem is rough and pricking of two or three foote high wherevpon groweth many proper littell floures eche one parted into fiue small leaues like to littell wheeles of a fayre purple colour at the first but afterwardes azure Whan they are fallen ye may see in the rough huskes three or foure long gray seedes full of riftes and wrinckles The roote is long and single and blackish in the outside The lesser Buglosses in their rough and hearie leaues and stalkes and also in their rootes are like to the aforesaide sauing they be lesse for their stalkes be shorter their leaues smaller and narrower their littell floures are in proportion like to the others sauing they be smaller and one is of a cleere blew or skie colour and other is of a browne violet or a blew like to a Cyanus the third is yellow and in proportion long and hollow The seede also is like the other sauing it is smaller and blacker The rootes of the Buglosses and especially of the firste kinde of the lesser Buglosses are of a diepe redde colour and are vsed to die and colour things withall The wilde kinde of Buglosse is like to the small Buglosses specially like to the second kinde sauing the leaues be rougher smaller and narrower The floures also be like the aforesaide sauing they be a great deale smaller blew The seede is small and browne The roote long and slender †The Place The great garden Buglosse groweth in some places of his owne accord as in the countrie of Lorraine aboute Nancie in fertile and chāpion places amongst the corne It groweth not wilde in this countrey but onely in gardens The smaller Buglosses grow in Italie Spayne and Fraunce and in diuers other countreys or regions and that which beareth blewe violet floures groweth also in some places of Germanie but they be not very cōmon in Flaunders neither are they to be seene or founde but in certaine mens gardens The wilde groweth in moste places of this countrie in barren soyle and grauelly grounde †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly and August and forthwith they deliuer their seede †The Names The three herbes are called in shoppes all by one name that is to say Buglossa or Lingua bouis in French Buglosse or Langue de buef in high Douch Ochsenzung in base Almaigne Buglosse and Ossentonghe in English Buglosse and Oxetongue Albeit it is not the true Buglosse for that is our common Borage wherof we shall write in his proper place Wherevnto agreeth Leonicenus Manardus and diuers other learned men of our time Lycopsis Syluestris Wilde Buglosse The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lycopsis in the shoppes of this countrey Buglossa Buglossa domestica maior that is to say the great garden Buglosse of some it is called Buglossus Longifolia Peraduenture it is that kinde of Anchusae which Paulus Aeginetus calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Choerospelethon The smal Buglosses are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anchusae The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anchusa onoclea in French Orchanetie in English Alkanet or Orchanet The other is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anchusa Alcibiadium Onocheles This should be the second kinde of Anchusa or Orchanette in English Alkanet The fifth kinde is wilde and may be called Lycopus Syluestris the Apothecaries call it Buglossa Syluestris The French men cal it Buglosse or Langue de buef Sauu age The base Almaignes Wilde Ossentonghe some call it Scaepstonghe that is to say Sheepes tongue and it may be Pseudanchusa Plinij †The Nature The great garden Buglosse but specially his roote is of temperature somwhat colde and drie but in degree not farre of from the meane temperature The others are of the like complexion but somewhat hoater †The Vertues The roote of great Buglosse pounde and mengled with oyle and waxe is good to belayde too against scalding or burning with fyre against woundes and old sores With tine wheate meale it cureth the disease called the wilde fyre and of some saint Authonies fyre And layde too with vinegre it healeth fretting sores foule scuruines and hoate itchings The small Buglosses haue greate vertue against all the venim of sauage and wilde beastes and specially against the poyson of Serpents and Vipers howsoeuer it be taken whether in meate or drinke or whether it be caried about you The roote of the wilde Buglosse dronken with Hisope and Cresses doth kill and driue out all flat wormes engendred in the bodie of man The Physitions of our tyme do affirme that these herbes but especially the greatest do comforte and swage the heauinesse of the harte driuing away all pensiuenesse especially the garden Buglosse and that the floures stieped in wine or made into a Conserue causeth such to reioyce and be gladde as were before heauie and sadde full of anger and melancholique heauinesse Of Echium or Tipers Buglosse Chap. iiij †The Description EChium hath long rough and hearie leaues much like to the leaues of Buglosse but smaller than the leaues of the first Buglosse The stalke is rough full of littell braunches charged on euery side with diuerse small narrow leaues sharp pointed and of a browne greene colour scattered or spredde like littell feathers and very small towardes the height or toppe of the stalke betwixt whiche leaues are the floures of a sadde blew or purple colour at the first but whan they do open they shew a fayre Azure colour long and hollow with foure or fiue littell small blewe threedes nothing answering the floures of the other Buglosses but onely in the colour After that the floure is fallen the seede is blacke and small like to the head of an Adder or Viper The roote is long and straight and redde without Of this sorte there is an other kinde whose leaues stalkes rootes and floures are very like vnto the foresaide but his floures are of a light redde or purple colour †The Place It delighteth in fruitefull places and fertile soyle as aboute Brussels and Louayne and diuers other places of Brabant But that which beareth purple or light tedde floures groweth in Fraunce especially about Montepelier †The Tyme It floureth almoste all the Somer long oftentimes or at sundry seasons it bringeth forth seede as the other Buglosses †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Echium Alcibiacum Apuleius calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke Viperina and Serpentaria in Latine in Spanishe Yerua della biuora in French l'Herbe aux Vipers and l'Herbe aux Serpens in
against the Suffocation of the Matrix that is the stopping and hardnesse of the Mother to be boyled in wine and applied to the nauell the harte or the side The broth also or decoction of Feuerfew is very good for wemen to bathe and sitte in against the hardnesse of the Mother and the Matrix that is ouercharged or swollen The greene leaues with the floures of Feuerfew stamped is good to be layde to the disscase called the wilde fyre or Saint Anthonies fyre and other cholerike inflammations Of Fole foote / or Horse houe Chap xij †The Description EOle foote hath greate broade leaues growing out into many corners or indēted angles with many vaynes like to a Horse foote fire or seuen leaues springing out of one roote of a white hoare or grayish colour next to the ground and greene aboue The stem or stalke is white and as it were cottoned with fine heare of a span long at the end wherof are fayre yellow floures and full which do suddenly fade and chaūge into downe or cotton which is carried away with the winde like to the head of Dandelion The roote is white and long creping here and there †The Place Fole foote groweth well in watery places and moyst fieldes †The Tyme It putteth forth his wolly stalke without leaues at the beginning of March April At the toppe of the stalke is the yellow floure After the floures the leaues spring out from the roote then vanisheth away the stalke and the floures so that one shall seldome finde the leaues and floures altogether at one time Bechion Tussilago †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tussilago in shoppes Tarfara and Vngula Caballina in Italian Vnghia di cauallo in Spanishe Vn̄a de asno in English Fole foote Horse houe Coltes foote and Bull foote in French Pas de Cheual of some Pas d'asne in high Douch Roszhub or Brandtlattich in base Almaine Hoefbladeren Peerdts clauw Brant lattowe and Saint Carijus cruyt †The Nature The greene and fresh leaues are moyst but whan they are dry they become sharpe or sower and therefore are of a drying nature †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fole foote pounde with Hony do cure and heale the hoate inflammation called Saint Anthonies fyre and all other kindes of inflammation The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles taken into the mouth through the pipe of a funnell or tunnell helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde and fetche their breath thicke or often do breake without daunger the impostems of the breast The roote is of the same vertue if it be layde vpon the coles and the fume thereof receiued into the mouth Of Butter Burre Chap. xiij †The Description BVtter Burre hath great round leaues at the firste lyke the leaues of Folefoote the which do afterwardes waxe so great that with one leafe one may couer a smal rounde table as with a carpet Of a greene colour vpon the outside and of a gray whitishe colour nexte the grounde It putteth forth a hollow stalke of a span long set full of small incarnate floures at the toppe as it were clustering thicke togither the which togither with the stalke do perish and vanish away The roote is thicke white within hollow of a strong smell and bitter taste †The Place It groweth well in freshe and moyste places bysides small riuers and brookes †The Tyme The floures do appeare at the beginning of Marche and do vanish away in Aprill then the leaues come forth and remayne all the Somer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Petasites vnknowen in shoppes yet some call it Bardana maior in Englishe Butter Burre in French Herbe aux tigneux in high Douch Pestilentz wurtz in base Almaigne Dockebladeren and Pestilentie wortel Petasites †The Nature Butter Burre is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Butter Burre dried and made into powder and than dronken in wine is a soueraigne medicine against the Plague and Pestilent feuers bycause it prouoketh iweate and for that cause it driueth from the harte all venim and euill heate It killeth wormes and is of great force against the Suffocation and strangling of the Mother to be taken in the same sorte It cureth all naughty Ulcers or olde filthie fretting sores or consuming Pockes and inflammations if the pouder bestrewed thereon The same cureth the Farcyn in Horses howsoeuer it be ministred whether it be giuen inwardly to receyue or applied outwardly Of Britannica or Bistorte Chap. xiiij †The Kyndes THere is two sortes of Bistorte as Leonard Fuchs and Hierome Bock men of great knowledge and learning haue lately writen the one called the Great Bistorte the other the Small Bistorte Bistorta maior Great Bistorte Bistorta minor Small Bistorte †The Description THe great Bistorte hath long leaues like Patience but smaller and not so smothe or playne but wrinkled or drawen into rimples of a swart greene colour vpon one side and of a blewishe greene on the side next the ground The stalke is long smothe and tender hauing a spiked knap at the ende set full of small incarnate floures clustering togither The seede is angled and broune The roote is great and long wounden and turned backe or crokedly turning togither like a Snayle blacke and hearie without and somewhat redde within in taste like an Oke kernell The small Bistorte is like the other in leaues knap floures seede stalke but smaller his leaues also are smother and playner The roote is shorter and more roundly turned togither without any small threeds or hearines browne without and of a darke redde colour within in taste like the first †The Place They grow well in moyst watery places as in medowes and darke shadowy wooddes †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The learned do call the herbes Bistortae and Serpentariae in French Bistorte◠in high Douch Naterwurtz in Brabant Hertstonghen This should seeme to be Dracunculus Latinorū wherof Plinie wrote in the. 6. chap. of the. 24. Booke The first is called of some in Latine Colubrina of Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz weiblin that is to say Female Adderwurte or Snakeweede in French Grande Bistorte and Serpentair femelle in base Almaigne Hertstonghe The second is the small Bistorte is called in some places of England Dysterloyte of the same Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz menlin that is to say male Adderwurte or Snakeweede †The Nature Bistorte doth coole and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The roote of Bistorte boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and is good against the bloudy flixe It stoppeth the ouermuch flowing of womens termes or floures and all other issue of bloud Also if it be taken as is aforesayd or if it be made into pouder and dronken with redde wine it taketh away the desire to vomite or parbrake The
and whiche is a thing to be marueled at they do both spring of one kinde of seede A mā shall sometimes finde the male Hempe growing in the borders of fieldes and by the wayes The seede of the male Hempe is ripe at the end of August and in September The female Hempe is ripe in Iuly †The Names Hempe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Cannabis in Italian Cannape in Spanish Cānamo Canauo in English Hempe Neckeweede Gallowgrasse in French Chanure Chenneuis or Cheneue And here ye may perceyue the cause why the Normans and others do call the Cloche made of Hempe Chenneuis or Canuas for it soundeth so after the Greeke Latine and French the high Douchmen call Hempe Zamerhauff in base Almaigne Kempe †The Nature Hempe seede is hoate and dry in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Hempe seede doth appeace and driue the windinesse out of the bodie and if a man take a littell to much of it it drieth vp Nature the seede of generation and the Milke in wemens brestes The seede stamped and taken in white wine is highly commended at this day against the Iaundice and stopping of the Lyuer The iuyce of the leaues of greene Hempe put into ones eare swageth the payne of the same and bringeth forth all kinde of vermine of the same The roote of Hempe boyled in water doth help and cure the Sinewes and partes that be drawen togither and shronken also it helpeth against the Goute if it be layde therevpon †The Daunger Hempe seede is harde of digestion and contrary to the stomacke causing payne and griefe and dulnesse in the head and engendreth grosse and naughtie humors in all the body Of Lysimachion / Willow herbe or Ious strife Chap. LI. †The Kindes THere are now diuers kindes of Herbes comprehended vnder the name of Lychimachia but especially foure vnder whiche all the Lysimachies shal be comprysed The first is the right Lysimachion The second is the red Willow herbe with coddes The third is the second kinde of redde Willow herbe without Coddes The fourth is a kinde of blew Lysimachion †The Description THe first Lysimachus or the yellow Lysimachus hath a rounde stalke very littell crested or straked of a Cubite or two long The leaues be long narrow like willow or wythie leaues nothing at all cut or snipt about the edges but three or foure leaues standing one against an other round about the stalke at the ioyntes The floures be yellow and without smell and grow at the toppe of the branches in steede wherof whan they are fallen away there groweth rounde seede like Coriander seede The roote is long and slender creping here and there and putteth forth diuers yong springs whiche at their first comming vp are redde The second Lysimachus in leaues and stalkes is like to the other sauing that his leaues be not so broade and are snipt about the edges much like vnto Willow leaues The floures in colour and making are somewhat like the floures of the common wilde Mallow or Hock that is to say it hath foure little broade round leaues standing togither and lying one ouer an others edges vnder whiche there groweth long huskes or Coddes like to the huskes of stocke Gillofers whiche huskes do appeare before the opening of the floure the whiche huskes or seede vessels do open of themselues and cleaue abroade into three or foure partes or quarters whan the seede is rype the whiche bycause it is of a woolly or cottony substance is carried away with the winde The roote is but small and threddy Lysimachion verum Yellow Lysimachion or Louse stryffe Lysimachium purpureum primum The first purple red willow herbe or Lysimachium also the Sonne before the Father There is an other smal kinde of this sorte like to the other in stalke leaues floures and huskes sauing that it is in all partes smaller and the stalke is so weake that it can very seldome grow straight The floures be of carnation colour like to Gillofloures but somewhat smaller Yet there is a thirde kinde of redde Lysimachus very like to the first redde kinde The floures do grow also at the top or end of the huskes but they be paler and in making not so well like the other but rather like to Gillofers parted into foure small leaues whiche are set crossewise The second kinde of redde Lysimachus is like to the aforesayde in stalkes leaues sauing that his floures do grow like crownes or garlandes rounde about the stalke like to Penny royall of colour redde without Huskes for the seede doth grow in the smal Corones frō whence the floures fell of The stalke is square and browne The roote is very browne and thicke of a wooddisshe substance and putteth forth yearely new springs Lysimachion purpureum alterum Partizan Lysimachion or Spiked Lysimachion Lysimachium caeruleum Blew Lysimachion The blew Lysimachus also in stalke and leaues is like the others his blew or Azured floures are growing at the end of the stalkes spike fasshion or eared like Spike or Lauander beginning to bloow bylow so flouring vpwarde after whiche there commeth small round Coddes or pursses wherein the seede whiche is very small is conteyned The roote is threddy †The Place The yellow redde do grow in waterish moyst places in low medowes and about the brinckes and borders of water brookes and diches The blew is not found in this countrey but in the gardens of such as loue Herbes †The Tyme They do all floure most commonly in Iune and Iuly and their seede is ripe in August †The Names Lysimachia is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lysimachium Lysimachia and of some Salicaria vnknowen in Shoppes in English Lysimachia Willow herbe and Louse strife in Spanish Lisimacho yerua The first which we may call Golden or yellow Lysimachus Willow herbe and Louse strife is called in Fraunce Cornelle Souscy d'eauë Pellebosse or Chassebosse in high Almaigne Geelwelderich in base Almaigne Geelwederick The second is called of some in Latine Filius ante Patrem that is to say the sonne before the father bycause that his long huskes in which the seede is cōteined do come forth and waxe great before that the floure openeth in Englishe the first red Lysimachus or wythie herbe or Louse stryfe in French Lysimachie rouge in high Douch Braun or Rod weiderich in base Almaigne Root wederick The third is called in Brabant Partijcke It may be called in English Partizan or sharpe Lysimachus or poynted willow Herbe with the purple floure The fourth hath none other name but Lysimachium caeruleum in Latine in English Blew or Azured Lysimachus †The cause of the Name This herbe tooke his name of the valiant noble Lysimachus the friend Cosin of Alexander the great king of Macedonia who first found out the propertie of this herbe and taught it to his posteritie or successours †The Nature The
slender stalkes creeping by the grounde vpon euery side whereof groweth small rounde leaues and somewhat large almost like to a pēny The floures be yellow almost lyke to gold cuppes The roote is smal and tender †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medows about ditches watercourses in Copses that stand lowe †The Tyme It beginneth to floure in May and continueth flouring all the Somer Nummularia †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Nūmularia Centummorbia of some Serpentaria and also Lunaria grassula in English Herbe two pence two penny grasse and Monyworte in Frēch Herbe à cent maladies in high Douch Pfenningkraut Egelkraut clein Naterkraut in base Almaigne Pēninckruyt Eghelcruyt †The Nature Two penny grasse is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The later wryters do say that if this herbe be boyled in wyne and dronken with Hony that it healeth and cureth the woundes and hurtes of the Lunges that it is good against the Cough but specially against the dāgerous Cough in yong children to be taken as is afore sayde Wilde Flaxe / or Tode Flaxe Chap. liiij Linaria Osyris †The Description STanworte wilde flaxe or Tode flax hath small slender blackish stalkes out of which groweth many leaues togither long and narrow much like to the leaues of Lyn. The floures be yellow large close before like to a frogges mouth and narrow behinde croked like to Larkes spurre or Larkes clawe The seede is large and blacke conteyned in small rounde huskes the whiche commeth forth after the falling of of the floure There is an other kinde of this herbe the which is not common and it beareth fayre blewe floures in all other things lyke to the other sauing that his stalkes floures and leaues are smaller and tenderer but yet it groweth vp to a higher stature To these kindes of wilde Flaxe or Linarie it were not amisse to ioyne that herbe which is called in Italy Beluedere This plante hath diuers small shutes or scourges bearing small narrow leaues almost like to the leaues of Flaxe the fluores be small and of a grasse colour and do grow at the toppe of the stalkes †The Place They grow wilde in vntilled places about hedges the borders of fieldes Osyris groweth in many places of Italy and Lombardie †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iuly and August †The Names This herb is called in Shoppes Linaria and of some Pseudolinum and Vrinalis in English Tode flaxe and wilde flaxe in French Linaire or Lin sauuage in high Douch Lynkraut Flaschkraut Harnkraut vnser frawen Flasch wild Flasch krotten flasch in base Almaigne Wildt vlas The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Osyris but in this our age it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and as we haue sayde it is called in Italy Beluedere in English Stanneworte †The Nature Stanworte is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Osyris or Tode flaxe dronken openeth the old cold stoppings of the Liuer Milte is singuler good for such as haue the Iaunders without Feuers especially whan the Iaunders is of long continuance The same doth also prouoke vrine and is a singuler medicine for suche as can not pisse but droppe after droppe and against the stoppings of the kidneys and Bladder Of Shepherds purse Chap. lv †The Description BVrsa Pastoris hath round tough and pliable braunches of a foote long with long leaues depely cut or iagged like the leaues of Seneuy but much smaller The floures are white grow alongst by the stalkes in place whereof whan they are gone there riseth small flatte Coddes or triangled pouches wherein the seede is conteyned whiche is small and blacke The roote is long white and single †The Place Sheepeherds pouche groweth in streates and wayes in rough stonie and vntilled places †The Tyme It floureth most commonly in Iune and Iuly Pastoria bursa †The Names This herbe hath neither Greeke nor Latine name giuen to him of the Ancient writers but the later writers haue called it in Latine Pastoria bursa Pera Bursa pastoris in English Shepherds purse Scrippe or Pouche and of some Casseweede in Frēch Labouret or Bourse de bergers in high Douch Desthelkraut and Hirten sechel in base Almaigne Teskens or Borsekens cruyt †The Nature It is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Shepherdes purse dronken stoppeth the laske the bloudy flixe the spitting and pissing of bloud womens termes and all other fluxe of bloud howsoeuer it be taken for whiche it is so excellent that some write of it saying that it will stanche bloud if it be but only holden in the hande or carried about the body Of Cinquefoyle / or Fiue fingar grasse Chap. lvi †The Kyndes THere are foure sortes of Pentaphyllon or Cinquefoyle two kindes therof beareth yellow floures wherof the one is great the other smal The third kinde beareth white floures and the fourth kinde redde floures all are like one an other in leaues and fasshion Pentaphyllon luteum maius Yellow Cinquefoyle the greater Pentaphyllon luteum minus Yellow Cinquefoyle the lesser †The Description THe great yellow Cinquefoyle hath rounde tender stalkes creeping by the ground and running abroade like the stalkes or branches of wilde Tansie and taking holde in diuers places of the ground vpon whiche slender branches groweth long leaues snipt or dented round about the edges alwaies fiue growing togither vpon a stem or at the ende of a stem The floures be yellow and parted into fiue leaues The which whan they are vanisshed do turne into smal round and harde bearies like Strawberies in which groweth the seede The roote is blackish long and slender The small yellow Cinquefoyle is much like the other in his leaues creeping vpon the ground also in his stalkes floures and seede sauing that it is a greate deale smaller and doth not lightly take holdfast cleaue to the ground as the other doth The leaues are smaller then the others and of a whitish colour vnderneth next to the grounde Pentaphyllon album White Cinquefoyle Pentaphyllon Rubrum Redde Cinquefoyle The white Cinquefoyle is like the great yellow Cinquefoyle in his small and slender branches creeping by the grounde and in his leaues diuided into fiue partes but that his stalkes or branches be rough The leaues be long and not snipt or dented rounde about but before onely The floures be white and the roote is not single but hath diuers other small rootes hanging by The redde Cinquefoyle also is somewhat like to the others especially like the great yellow kinde The leaues be also parted in fiue leaues and nicte or snipte round about the whiche are whitish vnderneth and of aswarte greene colour aboue The stalke is of a spanne or foote long of colour browne or reddishe with certayne ioyntes or knots but not hearie
riuer of Reene In this countrey they sow it in gardens The other three kindes groweth in this countrey in sandy groundes about dry Diches and in certayne moyst places and in wooddes †The Tyme They floure most commonly in Iune and Iuly Cotton weede floureth often and againe in August †The Names The firste kinde of these herbes is called of Theophrastus in his nienth Booke and .xxj. Chapter in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of Theodore Gaza Aurelia And of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ageratum in Shoppes Sticas citrina and Sticados citrinum Of some Tinearea and Amaranthus Luteus in English Golde floure Motheworte or Golden Stechados and of Turner Golden Floureamor in high Douch Rheinblumen Mottenblumen Mottenkraut in base Almaigne Rheynbloemen and Rhijnbloemen There is yet an other herbe descrybed by Dioscorides called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elichrysum and Amaranthus the whiche is nothing like to Sticas citrina For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eliochryson of Theophrastus and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elychryson of Dioscorides are two seuerall herbes And therefore they are greatly deceyued that thinke Sticas citrina to be the Elichryson of Dioscorides The other three are all called at this tyme by one name in Latine Filago in Spanish Yerua Golandrina in high Douch Rhurkraut in base Almaigne Rhuercruyt or Root melizoen cruyt that is to say Bloudy Flixeworte The first of these three is called of Plinie Herba impia bycause that his last floures do surmount and grow higher than the first Some would haue these three herbes to be that whiche the Gretians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the Latinistes Centunculum Centuncularis and Tomentitia but yet their iudgement is not right as it shall appeare in the Chapter nexte following †The Nature These herbes be of a drying nature The Golde floure or golden Staechas is hoate also as it may be perceyued by his bitternesse ⧠The Vertues Golden Staechas boyled in wine and dronken killeth wormes and bringeth them forth and is good agaynst the bytings and stingins of venemouse beastes The same boyled in lye clenseth the heare from Lyce and Nittes The same layde in Warderoobes and Presses keepeth apparell and garments from Mothes Of Gnaphalion / or Small Cotton Chap. lxij †The Description GNaphalion is a base or low herbe with many slender softe branches and small leaues couered all ouer which a certaine white cotton or fine wooll and very thicke so that ye would say it were all wooll or Cotton The floures be yellow growe like buttons at the top of the stalkes as ye may perceyue by the figure †The Place This herbe groweth no where but by the sea coast there is plenty of it in Languedock and Prouince †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gnaphalium Cētunculus Centuncularis Tucularis Albinum of some Gelafo Anaphalis Anaxiton Hires and Tomentitia Also Bombax humilis in English of Turner Cudweed Chafeweed Cartaphilago It may be called also Pety Cotton or small Bōbase in Frēch Petit Coton l'herbe borreuse or Cotoniere Pena in his Stirp Aduers noua calleth it Chamaezylon Gnaphalium †The Nature Gnaphalion is dry and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Gnaphalion boyled in thicke red wine are good against the blouddy flixe as Dioscorides and Galen doth witnesse Of Plantayne or Waybrede Chap .lxiij. †The Kyndes THere is found in this coūtrey of three sortes of Plantayne great plenty bysides whiche there is yet an other founde which groweth in salte grounde all whiche in figure do partely resemble one an other †The Description THe great Plantayne hath great large leaues almost like to a Beete leaffe with seuen ribbes behinde on the backeside which do al assemble meete togither at the ende of the leafe next the roote The stemmes be round of the heigth of a foote or more sometimes of a reddissh colour and comming vp from the roote in the middell amongst the leaues the which stalkes or stēmes from the middle vpwarde towardes the toppe are couered rounde about with small knoppes or heads whiche first of all do turne into small floures and afterward into smal huskes conteyning a blackish seede like to a Spike eare or a little Torche The roote is shorte white and of the thickenesse of a fingar hauing many white hearie threedes Of this kinde there is founde an other the Spikes eares or torches wherof are very dubble so as in euery Spyky eare in steede of the little knappes or heades it bringeth forth a number of other smal torches wherof eche one is lyke to the spike or torch of great Plantayne Plantago maior Great Plantayne Plantago media Middle Plantayne The seconde kinde of Plantayne is like to the first sauing that his leaues be narrower smaller and somewhat hearie The stalkes be round and somewhat cottony or hearie and bringeth foorth at the toppe spiked knoppes or torches a great deale shorter than the first Plantayne the blowings of it are purple in white The roote is white and longer than the firste The thirde kinde of Plantayne is smaller than the seconde The leaues be long and narrow with ribbes like the leaues of the other Plātayne of a darke greene colour with small points or purles set here and there alongst the edges of the leaues The stalkes be crested or straked and beare at the toppe fayre spiked knappes with white floures or blossoms like the spykie knoppes of the middle Plantayne The roote is shorte and very full of threedy strings The Sea Plantayne is narrower it hath long leaues very narrow and thicke the stalkes be of a spanne long full of small graynes or knops from the middle euen vp to the top much like to the torche of the great Plantayne The roote is also threddy †The Place The three first Plantaynes grow almost euery where in this countrey in pastures and leases about wayes and moyst places Plantago minor Small Plantayne Ribworte Plantago marina Sea Plantayne The Sea Plantayne groweth in salt groundes vpon the bankes and borders of salte water streames as in Zealand Barowgh in great plenty by the water Zoom †The Tyme The Plantaynes do floure most commonly in this countrey in the moneths of Iune and Iuly The seede is ripe in August †The Names Plantayne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Lingua Agnina Lammes tungue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shops Plantago in Italian Plantagine in Spanish Tamchagen Lengua de oueja in English Plantayne in high Douch Wegrich or Schaffzungen in base Almaigne Wechbree The first kinde is now called in Latine Plantago maior and Plantago rubra in English Great Plantayne in French Grand Plantaine in high Douch Roter Wegrich in base Almaigne Roode wechbree The second kind is called in Latine Plantago media in Frēch Plantain moien in English Middle
al other venemous beasts and for them that haue taken any poyson and for them also whiche are bursten or hurte inwardly Dry Scordion made into pouder taken in the quantitie of two drāmes with honied water cureth and stoppeth the bloudy flixe and is good for the paynes of the stomacke The same made into pouder and mengled with Hony and eaten clenseth the breast from all fleume and is good against an old Cough Fresshe and greene Scordion pounde and layde vppon greate greene woundes cureth the same The same dryed and tempered or mixte with Hony or made into pouder and cast into olde woundes and corrupt and rotten vlcers cureth the same and doth eate and waste the prowde and superfluouse flesshe This herbe boyled in water or Vineger and layde vpon the payne of the ioyntes easeth the griefe causing it the sooner to departe Of Teucrion / or wilde Germander Chap. lxxvi †The Description TEucrion hath browne stemmes bringing forth rounde wrinkled leaues snipt and cut round about the edges much like to the leaues of Germander afore described in the xvj Chapter The little small floures are of a sadde purple or browne redde colour like to the floures of Germander The roote is whyte and of hearie of threddy strings †The Place This herbe as Dioscorides saith is found in Cilicia in this countrey it is not to be found but sowen or planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes †The Tyme That which groweth in this coūtrey is seene in floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Teucrium vnknowen in Shoppes in English wilde Germander in high Douch it is called of some Grosz batengel that is to say great Germander Teucrion †The Nature Teucrion as Paulus Aegineta saith is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Teucrion boyled in wyne and dronken openeth the stoppings of the Milte or Spleene and cureth the swelling and hardnes of the same for whiche purpose it is very good and hath a singuler propertie The herbe pounde with Figges and Vineger worketh the same effect being layde vpon the place of the Spleene in maner of a playster Teucrion onely mengled with vineger is good to be layde to the bytings and stingings of venemous beasts Of Houselyke and Sengreene Chap. lxxvij †The Kindes SEngreene as Dioscorides wryteth is of three sortes The one is great the other small and the thirde is that whiche is called Stone Croppe and Stone hore Semperuiuum maius Houselike or Sengreene Semperuiuum minus Prickmadam Crassula minor Wild Prickmadam Great Stone crop Illecebra Stone crop Stone Hore †The Description THe great Sengreene hath great fat and thicke leaues as large as a mans thombe and sharpe at the end fasshioned like a tounge emongst whiche leaues there groweth vp a stalke of the length of a foote or more beset and decked roūd about with leaues like to the first parting it self afterward about the toppe into diuers other branches alongst the which groweth a great many of browne or reddish floures Prickmadame hath small narrow thicke and sharpe poynted leaues The stalkes be great and tender of a spanne long beset round about with the round and sharpe poynted leaues aforesayde the whiche do bring forth at the top smal yellow and starre like-floures The roote is small and creepeth by the ground Amongst the kindes of Sengreene also at this time there is conteyned the herbe called Crassula minor whiche is great stone Crop called of some wilde Prickmadam or wormegrasse the which hath tender stalkes and leaues somwhat long all rounde and reddishe like vnto small wormes euery worme lyke to a wheate corne The floures be white and like the floures of Prickmadam but smaller Small Stone crop is somewhat like to wilde Prickmadam or Vermicularis the ignorant Apothecaries do gather it in steede of Vermicularis or Crassula minor not without great errour and to the perill and daunger of the sicke and diseased people in so vsing it in steede of Crassula minor It hath tender stalkes couered or set full of very small short and thicke leaues growing neare togither The floures at the toppe of the stemmes are yellow and like to the floures of Prickemadame but greater There may be also placed amōgst the kindes of Sengreene a certayne smal herbe very like to the aforesayd in making and growth sauing that his leaues are somewhat larger thicker the whole herbe is eger or sharpe with white floures †The Place The greater Sengreene or Houselike groweth in many places vpon olde walles and houses where as it hath bene planted The small Sengreene whiche we call Prickmadam groweth not in this countrey but onely in gardens where as it is planted The great and small Stone croppe groweth in stonie and sandy countries and vpon olde walles The fifth kinde also groweth vpō old walles but not here in this countrey ⧠The Tyme Houselike or great Sengreene floureth in Iuly and August The other kindes floure in May and Iune †The Names Sengreene is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum and Semperuiuum of Apuleius Vitalis The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sedum Semperuiuum magnum of Apuleius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shops Barba Iouis in Italian Semper viua in Spanish Yerua pruntera in English Houselike and Sengreene in French Ioubarbe and grande Ioubarbe in high Douch Hauswurtz and grosz Donderbart in bas Almaigne Donderbaert The second is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Semperuiuum or Sedum minus of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Apuleius Erithales in English Prickmadam in French Triquemadame in high Douch klein Dōderbart in base Almaigne cleyn Donderbaert The third kinde is called in Shoppes Crassula minor and Vermicularis in Italian Herba grauelosa Vermicolare in Spanish Vuas de perro vermicular in English wilde Prickmadam great Stone Croppe or Worme grasse in base Almaigne Bladeloose and Papecullekens The fourth is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Illecebra in English Stone Crop and Stone Hore of some it is called Wall Pepper in French Pain d'oyseau in high Douch Maurpfeffer Katzentreublin in base Almaigne Muerpeper The fifth is called of the later writers Capraria and we know none other name to call it by †The Nature The great and small Sengreene and the fifth kinde called Capraria are colde and dry in the third degree The great and small Stone Crop are hoate and dry almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues The Decoction of the great Sengreene or the iuyce thereof drōken is good against the bloudy flixe and all other flixes of the belly and against the byting of Phalanges whiche is a kinde of fielde Spyders The iuyce thereof mengled with parched Barlie meale and oyle of Roses is good to be layde to the paynes or aking of the head
The leaues be long narrow almost like grasse the smal stemmes are slender and knottie vpon whiche growe the sweete smelling floures like to the Gillofers aforesayde sauing eache floure is single with fiue or sixe small leaues deepe and finely snipt or frenged like to small feathers of white redde and carnation colour after whiche floures there groweth also in the rounde huskes other sharpe huskes or as it were long pellottes in the which the seede is conteyned The first sweete William or Colmenier which is now called in Latine Armerius flos is also somwhat like to the cloaue Gillofers their leaues be narrow their stalkes ioyntie their floures small like to littell Gillofers growing three or foure togither at the toppe of the stalkes somtimes nine or tenne togither like to a nosegay or small bundell of floures of colour sometimes red and sometimes spotted with white and somtimes but very seldom all white There is an other kind of Armeriorum whose leaues be broade almost like the leaues of floure Constantinople The stalkes of this kinde with the nuÌ„ber of small floures growing togither which are of colour redde and white speckled or sprinckled with small spots are very like vnto the aforesayde Armerijs There is also a certaine thirde kinde Armeriorum with thinne whitishe or faynte greene leaues and slender smooth knottie stalkes whiche in handling seemeth to be somwhat fatte or clammy in the toppe of the sayde stalkes grow small floures clustering or growing rounde togither of a fayre wasshed purple redde colour after them commeth narrow seede vessels or small huskes like as in the other Gillofers wherein the seede is conteyned The wilde Gillofers are somewhat like to Armeria or Colmeniers they haue also small knottie stalkes narrow leaues but yet they be larger shorter a great deale whiter greene than the leaues of the gillofers or Pinkes The floures be most coÌ„monly redde somtimes also white deepely cut or iagged almost like to white Pinkes or Soppes in wine but without sauour The floures gone the seede growth in long huskes like to Pynkes or feathered Gillofers †The Place The Cloaue gillofers and the smaller or single Gillofers with the sweete Williams and Colmeniers are set and planted in the gardens of this countrie The wilde Williams or Cockow gillofers do grow of them selues in all medowes and moyst grassie places The other kinde of Armerius groweth in Germanie in certaine rough hillie places that stande open against the Sunne In Flaunders also there is sometimes found a certaine wilde floure like to the Gillofers and Armerijs sauing it is very small ⧠The Tyme All these sortes of floures do most commonly floure all the somer time from after May vntill September †The Names The two first sortes are now called flores Garyophyllis of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine VetionicÄ™ some iudge them to be Cantabricam whereof Plinie writâ—… in the .xxv. Booke Whereof the first is also called Ocellum Ocellum Damascenum Ocellum Barbaricum of some it is called Vetonicam altilem VetonicaÌ„ Coronariam in English garden Gillofers Cloaue gillofers and the greatest brauest sorte of them are called Coronations or Cornations in Italian Garofoli in high Douch Graszblumen Negelblumen and Neglin in base Almaigne Ginoffelen in French Gyrofflees and Oeilletz or Oilletz The second sorte is also of the kinde of Vetonicarum or gillofers and may well be called Vetonica altilis or Vetonica Coronaria minor in English single Gillofers wherof be diuers sortes great small as diuers in colours as the first kindes are called in Englishe by diuers names as Pynkes Soppes in wine feáthered Gillofers small Honesties they are called in high Douche Mutwille of some Hochmut accordingly they be called in Latine Superba that is to say Gallant prowde gloriouse in base Almaigne Pluymkens and cleyn Ginoffelen some call them also in French des Armoiries or des Barberies That sorte which are called in English sweete Williams are counted also to be of the kindes of the garden or Cloue gillofers called in Latine Vetonica or Cantabrica but now they be called in Latine Flores Armerij yet some esteeme them to be a certayne kinde of HerbÄ™ tunicÄ™ the Germaynes call them Donderneglin Feldtneglin Heidenblumen and Blutsyropfle in base Almaigne Keykens of the Frenchmen des Armoires There is a kinde of this herbe which is common in the countrey gardens and they call it Colmeniers The fourth is a kinde of wilde Vetonica and therefore it is called Vetonica syluestris in English wilde Williams Marshe gillofers or Cockow gillofers in high Douche Gauchblum in Brabant Crayebloemkens and Coeckcoeckbloemkens it may be called also in Latine Armoraria syluestris vel pratensis or Flos Cuculi and in French des Barbaries sauuages †The Nature For the most parte all these kindes of floures with their leaues and rootes are temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues The Conserue of the floures of the first kinde made with Sugar comforteth the harte the vse thereof is good against hoate Feuers the Pestilence Of floure Constantinople Chap. viij †The Description THe floure Constantinople hath two three or foure long holow and vpright stemmes full of knees or ioyntes with a certaine roughnesse At euery ioynt groweth two leaues which be somwhat long and large and of a browne greene colour the floures grow at the toppe of the stalkes many clustering togither after the manner of Tol-me-neers or sweete Williams but somewhat larger of the colour of Red-lead or lyke to the colour of the Orenge pill that is throughly ripe The floures be very pleasant and delectable to looke on but they are without any pleasant sente or sauour The leaues and stalkes be somewhat rough The roote is whyte and diuided into diuers other long and slender rootes in taste somewhat sharpe †The Place The Herboristes and suche as haue pleasure in the straÌ„ge varietie of floures do plant these in theyr gardens ⧠The Tyme These floures do florisshe from Midsomer vntill it be almost winter Flos Constantinopolitanus †The Names This pleasant floure is called of the Herboristes Flos Constantinopolitanus that is to say Floure Constantinople †The Nature The roote of this herb is hoate dry as it doth manifestly appeare by the tast Of hose Campion Chap. ix †The Description ROse Campion his stalkes be round woolly and knotty hauing at euery knot or ioynt a couple of long softe woollie leaues like that leaues of Molin or higtaper but much smaller narrower The floures growe at the top of the stalkes out of long crested huskes whereof some be of an excellent shining or Orient redde some be white The single floures are parted into fiue or sixe leaues with little sharpe poynts in the middell of the floures wherevnto the smaller endes of the little leaues of the sayde floures are ioyned Whan the floures are perisshed there groweth within the
full of white sape like to the first Campanula caerulea satiua †The Place They plante the first kinde in gardens And the smal wild kinde groweth in the borders of fields vnder hedges †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly And the wilde doth also floure vntill August †The Names These floures be now called Fayre in sight in French Belle videre in Douch Blauw clocxkens that is to say in Latine Campanula caerulea All these three plantes are very like that herbe whiche is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine of Plinie Iasione †The Nature and Vertues These floures be not vsed in medicine wherefore the temperature and vertues thereof are vnknowen Of Foxe gloue Chap. xxiiij †The Description FOxe gloue hath long broade swartgreene leaues somwhat dented about the edges somwhat like the leaues of wilde Mulleyne amongst the whiche springeth vp a straight rounde stem of twoo Cubites long or there aboute by one side whereof from the middle to the very toppe there growe fayre long round hollow floures fasshioned like finger stalles of colour sometimes carnation and speckled in the inside with white spots and sometimes all white sometimes yellow Whan they are fallen of there appeareth rounde sharpepoynted huskes in which is conteyned the seede of a bitter taste The roote is blacke full of threedy strings †The Place It groweth in stony places mountaynes in darke shadowie valleys or coombes where as there hath bene myning for Iron and Smithes cole It is also planted in certayne gardens †The Tyme Foxe gloue floureth chiefly in Iuly and August Digitalis †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Digitalis Campanula syluestris and Nola syluestris in English Foxe gloue in French Gantz nostre Dame and Digitale in high Douch Fingerhut Fingerkraut Waldt glocklin Waldt schell in base Almaigne Vingerhoetcruyt This as some do write is that kinde of Verbascū whiche the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Latinistes Lychnitis and Thryallis wherevnto it is much like †The Nature Foxe gloue is hoate and dry †The Vertues Foxe gloue boyled in water or wine and dronken doth cut and consume the thicke toughnesse of grosse and slimie humors Also it openeth the stoppings of the lyuer Spleene or Mylte and of other inwarde partes The same taken in the like maner or else boyled with honied water doth scoure and clense the breast and ripeth and bringeth forth tough and clammy flegme Of Turkie / or Aphrican Gilofers Chap. xxv †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of these floures found in this countrie one great the other small the great Othanna groweth to the height of a man and floureth very late The small groweth low and floureth betimes †The Description THe great Aphrican floure hath a long broune red crested knottie stalke ful of branches groweth viij or ix foote high hauing at euery knot or ioynt two brāches set with great long leaues cōposed of many small lōg narrow leaues nickt tothed roūd about spred abrode as it were winges set one ouer against an other altogither like Athanasia or garden Tansie The floures grow at the ende of the branches out of long round huskes of a browne Orēge colour aboue and of a faynt or pale yelow vnderneath After the falling of the floures the seede whiche is inclosed in the aforesayde round huskes is long narrow and blacke The smal Aphrican floure is like vnto that abouesaide in his stalkes leaues floures seede sauing it is in al respects smaller groweth not very much higher than a foote They are both in their leaues and floures of a naughtie strong vnpleasant sauour especially whā they be either rubbed or brused betwixt ones fingers Flos Aphricanus †The Place These floures grow in Aphrica from thence they where brought into this countrey after that the mightie and Noble Emperour Charles the fifth wan the Towne and Countrie of Thunes they are planted here in gardens †The Tyme The small African Gillofer beginneth to floure in Aprill or in May and from thence forth all the Sommer The great Othonna beginneth not to floure before August †The Names This floure may be called in Latin Flos Aphricanus for it was first brought out of Aphrica into the countreys of Germany and Brabant We do call this floure Turkie Gillofers and French Marygoldes Aphrican floures or Aphrican Gillofers the French men do call these floures Oillets de Turque and Oillet d'Inde and from thence it commeth to passe that the Latinists do cal it Flos Indianus in high Douch Indianisch Negelin in base Almaigne Thuenis bloemen of Valerius Cordus Tanaceum perunianū Some learned men thinke that this herbe hath bene called of the Auncient wryters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Othonna and that it should be the Othonna wherof Dioscorides hath writen which groweth in Arabia about Egypt whose leaues be holy asthough they had bene eaten with Locustes Pausmers or Snayles which thing almost may pe perceyued in the leaues of this Indian Gillofer if a man looke vpō them against the light But in my iudgement it is better like to be that herbe whiche Galen in his fourth booke of Symples calleth Lycopersium or Lycopersion †The vile Nature and euill qualitie of this Herbe The Indian Gillofer is very dangerous hurtfull and venemous both to man beast as I haue tried by experience namely vpon a yong Catt wherevnto I haue giuen of these floures to eate very finely pound with greene or fresh Cheese wherevpon she blasted immediatly and shortly after died And I was moued to make this experience by the occasion of a yong childe who had gathered of these floures put them into his mouth so that straight waies his mouth lippes did swell exceedingly within a day or two after they became very sore and scabbed as also it doth often happen to them that put into their mouthes the pipes or hollow stalkes of Hemlocke Wherfore it is manifest that this herbe with his floure is very euil and venemous and of complexion much like vnto Hemlocke the whiche also may be partely perceyued by his foule and lothsome sauour whiche is very strong and stinking not muche differing from the rancke and noysom smell of Hemlocke Of May Lillie / or Lillie Conuall Also of Monophillon Chap. xxvj †The Description LIllie Conuall hath two greene smooth leaues like to the leaues of the common white Lillie but smaller and tenderer betwixt whiche there springeth vp a naked stalke of a span long or thereabout at the which stalke there hangeth seuen or eight or moe proper small floures as white as Snowe and of a pleasant strong sauour smelling almost like the Lillie Whan the floures be past theyr commeth in their steede certayne redde bearies like to the frute or bearies of garden Asparagus The roote is threedishe creeping here and there It should seeme
in vertues and operations may be alwayes vsed in steede of the great Balsaminte Of Sage Chap. lxxvij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Sage the one is small franke the other is great The great Sage is of three sortes that is to say greene white and redde †The Description THE franke Sage hath sundry wooddie branches and leaues growing vpon long stemmes whiche leaues be long narrow vneuen hoare or of a grayishe white colour by the sides of the sayde leaues at the lower ende there groweth two other small leaues like vnto a payre of little eares The floures growe alongst the stalkes in proportion like the floures of Dead Nettell but smaller and of colour blewe The seede is blackishe and the roote wooddie The great Sage is not much vnlike the small or franke Sage sauing it is larger the stalkes are square and browne The leaues be rough vneuen and whitishe like to the leaues of franke Sage but a greate deale larger rougher and without eares The floures seede and roote are like vnto the other Saluia minor Franke Sage or small Sage Saluia maior Great Sage or broade Sage There is found an other kind of this great Sage the which beareth leaues as white as snow sometimes all white and sometimes partie white and this kinde is called white Sage Yet there is founde a thirde kinde of great Sage called redde Sage the stemmes whereof with the synewes of the leaues and the small late sprong vp leaues are all redde but in all things else it is like to the great Sage †The Place Sage as Dioscorides saith groweth in rough stonie places both kindes of Sage are planted almost in all the gardens of this countrie ⧠The Tyme Sage floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The Sage is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Saluia of some Corsaluium in Spanish Salua in English Sage in French Sange in high Douch Salbey in base Almaigne Sauie The first kinde is now called in Latine Saluia minor Saluia nobilis and of some Saluia vsualis in English Smal Sage Sage royall and common Sage in French Sauge franche in high Douch Spitz Salbey klein Salbey edel Salbey Creutz Salbey in base Almaigne Cruys sauie and Dorkens sauie The second kinde is called in Latine Saluia maior and of some Saluia agrestis in English great Sage or broade Sage in French grande Sauge in high Douch Grosz salbey Breat salbey in base Almaigne groue groote Sauie †The Nature Sage is hoate and dry in the thirde degree and somewhat astringent †The Vertues Sage boyled in wine dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone comforteth the harte and swageth head ache It is good for wemē with childe to eate of this herbe for as Aëtius saith it closeth the Matrice causeth the fruite to liue and strengtheneth the same Sage causeth wemen to be fertill wherefore in times past the people of Egypt after a great mortalitie and pestilence constreyned their wemen to drinke the iuyce thereof to cause them the sooner to conceyue and to bring foorth store of children The iuyce of Sage dronken with hony in the quantitie of two glasse fulles as saith Orpheus is very good for those whiche spitte and vomit bloud for it stoppeth the fluxe of bloud incontinent Likewise Sage brused and layde too stoppeth the bloud of woundes The decoction thereof boyled in water and dronken cureth the cough openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and swageth the payne in the side and boyled with wormewood it stoppeth the blouddy flixe Sage is good to be layde to the woundes and bitings of venimous beasts for it doth both clense and heale them The wine wherein Sage hath boyled helpeth the manginesse and itche of the priuie members if they be wasshed in the same Wild Sage Chap. lxxviij †The Description WOode Sage is somewhat like garden Sage in fasshion sauour it hath square browne stalkes set with a certaine kind of small heare the leaues are not much vnlike the leaues of great Sage but somewhat broader shorter and softer The floures are not much vnlike to the floures of Sage growing onely vpon one side alongst the branches euen vp to the very top of the same branches or stemmes of a whitisihe colour whan they are paste there commeth a rounde blackish seede The roote is threddie sendeth foorth new springs or branches euery yeare †The Place This kinde of Sage groweth in this countrey alōgst the hedges in woodes and the bankes or borders of fieldes †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly Saluia agrestis †The Names This herbe is now called in Shops Saluia agrestis and Ambrosiana in high Douche wilde Salbey in base Almaigne wilde Sauie There are some that thinke it to be the seconde kynde of Scordium whiche Plinie describeth bycause that whan it is brused it sauoreth of Garlike and this is the cause why Cordus calleth it Scorodonia It is called in English woodde Sage wild Sage and Ambros in French Sauge de Boys †The Nature The woode Sage is hoate and dry meetely agreable in complexion vnto garden Sage †The Vertues Woode Sage dissolueth congeled bloud in the body and cureth inwarde woundes moreouer it wōderfully helpeth those that haue takē falles or haue bene sore brused and beaten if it be boyled in water or wine and dronken Woodde Sage taken in manner aforesayde doth consume and disgest inwarde impostems and tumers anoyding the matter and substance of thē with the vryne Of Clarey Chap. lxxix †The Description CLarye hath square stalkes with rough grayish hearie vneuen leaues almost like to the leaues of great sage but they are foure or fine times larger the floures be of a faynte or whitish colour greater than the floures of Sage Whan they are fallen of there groweth in huskes the seede which is blacke The roote is yellow of wooddie substance The whole herbe is of a strong and penetratiue sauour in somuch that the sauour of it causeth headache †The Place In this countrie they sow it in gardēs ⧠The Tyme Clary floureth in Iune Iuly a yeare after the first sowing thereof †The Names Clarie is now called in Latine and in Shoppes Gallitricum Matrisaluia Centrum galli and Scarlea oruala in English Clarye or Cleare-eye quasi dicas oculum clarificans in French oruale Toutebonne in high Douche Scharlach in base Almaigne Scarleye It seemeth to be a kind of Horminum but yet it is not Alectorolophos as some men thinke Gallitricum †The Nature Clarey is hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues In what sorte or maner soeuer ye take Clarey it prouoketh the floures it expulseth the Secondine and stirreth vp bodely luste Also it maketh men dronke causeth headache therefore some Brewers do boyle it with their Bier in steede of Hoppes This herbe also hath al the vertues and properties of Horminum and
and leaues is like to the first but his leaues be somewhat rounder The flowres differ onelye in this that they be somewhat longer and narrower and of a faynte yellowishe colour shorter by one side than another and of a blackishe purple colour vpon that syde that turneth backe agayne The fruit of this Aristolochia is also sharpe fashioned lyke to a top or peare sauing it is rounder and fuller and straked or ribbed like the other The seede is like to the seede of the loÌ„g Aristolochia The rootes be round and swollen like to a Puffe or Turnep in taste and sauour like to the long 3. Aristolochia Clematitis Branched Aristolochia 4. Pistolochia Smal Aristolochia 5. Aristolochia Sarracenica Sarasins Aristolochia The thirde kinde of Aristolochia his stalkes and branches are smal and tender his leaues be like to the others but the little stemmes or footstalkes of the leaues are somwhat longer The flowers also belong and holow of a yellow or deepe violet colour The rootes be small and slender dispearsed or growing here and there The fourth Aristolochia in his leaues and stalkes is like to the long and rounde Aristolochias sauing it is smaller and finer or tenderer his leaues be also broade lyke Iuy leaues The flowres be also long and hollowe and blackishe about the toppes or endes The fruit is also round and like to the others his rootes be long and small as russhes or threddes The fifth kinde which is called Sarasins wurt or Sarasins Aristolochia hath longer and higher stalkes than any of the kindes aforesayd his leaues be also larger but otherwise they differ not for they be also lyke Iuy leaues The small flowres growe betwixt the leaues in proportion also long and hollowe of a yellowish colour The fruit also is fashioned lyke to a peare The rootes be long and sometimes thicke and couered with a thicke rinde or barke in sauour and taste lyke the others †The Place The long and rounde Aristolochias growe plentifully in Spayne and in many places of Italie and certayne places of Fraunce it delighteth muche in fertile grounde and good pastures Aristolochia Clematitis as Peter Bellon writeth groweth vppon the mountayne Ida in Crete or Candie Carolus Clusius saith it groweth about Hispalis a Citie in Spayne nowe called Ciuill and that he hath founde it amongst the busshes and briers there The Pistolochia also groweth in certayne places of Fraunce and Spayne The Sarasines Aristolochia delighteth muche in vineyardes and high deserte places and wildernesses and is founde in sundrie places of Germanie and Brabant †The Tyme The Aristolochias do flowre in May Iuly timelier in hoate Countries †The Names They are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aristolochia in English Aristologia and of some Byrthwort Hartwort in Shoppes also Aristolochia The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aristolochiam longam bycause of the fashion of the roote it is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dactilis Melocarpon and Teuxinon Aristolochiam marem In Englishe long Aristolochia The seconde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristolochia rotunda and Aristolochia foemina of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Malum terrÄ™ in Englishe Aristolochia rotunda and rounde Aristologia The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristolochia Clematitis Branched Aristologia The fourth kinde called of Plinie in the eyght Chapter of his xxv booke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pistolochia and Polyrhizon The fifth Aristolochia is nowe called of some Herba Sarracenica in Frenche Sarrasine in Douche Zarasijn cruyt in Shoppes Aristolochia longa which is in Douche lange Osterlucey in English long Aristolochia in steede whereof it may be vsed We may also name it in Englishe Sarasines herbe Sarasines Aristolochia †The Nature The rootes of Aristolochia are all hoate and dry in the extremitie of the seconde degree †The Vertues The rootes of Aristolochia are excellent against al poyson and agaynst the bitinges stinginges of venimous beastes if it be taken in wine or layd vpon the woundes or bitinges The long Aristolochia moueth the menstrual termes and prouoketh vrine And if it be dronken with Pepper and Myrrhe it expelleth the Secondine dead childe al other superfluities gathered togyther in the Matrix It worketh the same effect to be ministred in a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The rounde Aristolochia is lykewise good for the same purpose and it is also very good for them that are short winded and troubled with the yeox or hyquet it is profitable against the payne of the syde the hardnesse of the melt or splene the crampe or connultioÌ„ or drawing togyther of the sinewes the falling sicknesse the gowt and the shakinges or shiueringes of Agues and for al such as are hurt or bursten inwardly if it be giuen them to drinke with water The same draweth foorth splinters of broken bones Shaftes and Dartes thornes and shiuers if it be layde to the place with Pitche or Rosen as Plinie writeth It mundifieth and scoureth all corrupt and filthy sores fistulas and viruleÌ„t holowe vlcers and filleth them vp agayne with newe flesh if it be mixt with Ireos and hony especially it cureth the faultes vlcers of the secret partes if ye wash the same with the Decoction of this Aristolochia made in wine Aristolochia rotunda doth beautifie clense and fasten the teeth if they be often frotted or rubde with the powder thereof The thirde kinde is much like to the other in vertue sauing it is not so stroÌ„g as Dioscorides writeth and Galen saith that this kinde is of the sweetest and pleasantest sauor and therfore is much vsed in oyntmentes but it is weaker in operation than the aforesayde Pistolochia or smal Aristolochia is also of the same vertues and operatioÌ„s but not so strong as the others Sarrasines or braunched Aristolochia is also lyke that others it is very hoate and bitter and not inferior to Aristolochia longa wherfore in all compositioÌ„s one may be vsed in steede of the other without errour ⧠The Choice The rounde Aristolochia is of fine and subtile partes and of stronger operatioÌ„ than the rest it mundifieth and clenseth mightily and it soupleth and maketh thinne grosse humours The long Aristolochia is not of suche subtile partes neither doth it clense so mightily but is better to incarnate and ingender flesh in vlcers Aristolochia Clematitis hath the best sauour wherefore it is best to make Oyntmentes Of Holeworte Chap. ij †The Kyndes HOleworte is of two sortes the one hath a rounde roote which is not holowe within And the roote of the other is holowe within but otherwayes they are like one another in their stalkes leaues floures seede ⧠The Description HOleworte hath smal tender â—talkes of a span long his leaues be also small and iagde lyke Rue or Coriander of a light greene or rather a grayishe colour At the top of the stalke it beareth flowers after the
decoction of Lupines doth beautifie the colour of the face and driueth away all frekles and spottes like lentils The meale thereof is of the like vertue mingled with water and layde therto The flower or meale of Lupines with the meale of parched barley water swageth all impostumations and swellinges The same with vineger or boyled in vineger swageth the payne of the Sciatica it digesteth consumeth and dissolueth the kinges euill or swelling in the throte it openeth and bursteth wennes botches boyles and pestilential or plague sores Lupins may be eaten when as by long soking in water they are become sweete and haue lost their bitternesse for when they be so prepared they take away the lothsomnesse of the stomacke and the desyre to vomit and do cause good appetite Yet for all that this kinde of foode or nourishment engendreth grosse blood and grosse humours For Lupins are harde to digest and vneasie to descende as Galen saith The wilde Lupins haue the lyke vertue but more strong Of the bitter Veche called in Greeke Orobos and in Latine Eruum Chap. xxiiij †The Description ERuum or the bitter Fetche is nowe vnknowen and therefore we can geue none other description but so much as is written in Dioscorides and Galen They say that Orobos or Eruilia is a small plant bearing his fruit in coddes round of a white or yellowish colour of a strange and vnpleasant taste so that they serue not to be eaten but of cattel neither wil cattell feede vpon them before that with long soking or stieping in water their vnpleasant taste be gone and lost wherefore it is very easie to iudge that the flat Pease called in Greeke Lathyri and described in the xxj Chapter of this booke are not Ers or Eruilia as some haue thought for those flat Peason are in taste lyke the common Peason as we haue before declared ⧠The Names This pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eruum and the Frenchmen folowing the Latine name do cal it Ers in Douche Eruen in Englishe Bitter Vetche or Ers. †The Nature Ers are hoate in the first degree and drie in the seconde †The Vertues The meale of Eruum often licked in with hony in maner of a Lohoch clenseth the breast and cutteth and ripeth grosse and tough humours falling vpon the lunges It loseth the belly prouoketh vrine maketh a man to haue a good colour if it be taken in reasonable quantitie for to muche thereof is hurtfull With honie it scoureth away lentiles or freckles from the face and all other spottes and scarres from the bodie It stayeth spreading vlcers it doth soften the hardnesse of womens breastes it breaketh Carboncles and impostumes Being kneded or tempered with wine it is layde very profitably vnto the bitinges of dogges of men and wilde beastes The decoction of the same helpeth the itche and kibed heeles if they be washed therein Ers are neuer taken in meate but it fatteth oxen well ⧠The Danger Ers or Orobos being vsed often and in to great a quantitie causeth headache and heauie dulnesse it bringeth foorth blood both by the vrine and excrementes of the belly Of the Vetche Chap. xxv THe Vetche hath stalkes of a sufficient thicknesse and square about the heigh of three foote with leaues displayed spread abroad compassed about with many smal leaues set opposite one direetly against another at the ende of whiche leaues ye haue tendrelles or claspers wherby it taketh hold and is stayed vp The flowers are purple and fashioned like the Beaneflowers afterward there come vp long flat coddes wherein are Vetches which are flat and of a blackish colour †The Place They sowe Vetches in this Countrie in the feeldes for fourrage or prouender for Horses †The Tyme They be rype in Iuly and August †The Names This pulse is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vicia of some Osmūdi in English a Vetche or Vetches in Frenche Vesse in high Douche Wicken in base Almaigne Vitsen And that this is not Eruum it appeareth euidently by that which is described in the former Chapter This shoulde seeme to be Theophrastus Aphace or Taare †The cause of the Name The Vetche as Varro sayth is called in Latine Vicia bycause it bindeth it selfe about other plantes and ouercometh them and is deriued from this Latine worde Vincire whiche signifieth to binde sure to ouercome and to restrayne from libertie Vicia †The Nature and Vertues The Vetche is not vsed in medicine neyther vsed to be eaten of men but to be giuen to Horses and other cattel and this Galen doth also witnesse Of Arachus or wilde Fitche Chap. xxvi †The Description ARachus is muche lyke to the common Vetche in stalkes leaues and coddes but in all these muche lesse The stalkes be tēder weake and slēder with cornered trayles or square crested edges The leaues are spread abroade like the other Vetche but clouen and parted aboue at the endes into two or three clasping tendrelles The flowers be smal of a light purple or incarnate colour and do growe vppon the stalke selfe as the flowers of beanes or common Vetches do without any foote stalkes The coddes be small long and narrowe wherein is couched sixe or seuen seedes of a blackishe colour harde and smaller than Vetches Arachus Of this forte there is found an other kinde the which is very wel like to the abouesaid in leaues and stalkes but it is smaller It hath smal white flowers growing clusterwise at the ende vpon long stems almost like the wild Vetche the whiche do turne into litle short huskes clustering togither smaller then the lentil huskes in the whiche is founde but onely two graynes harde rounde gray speckled blackish in making and taste like to the Vetche †The Place These two kindes of Vetches do grow in the feeldes amongst Rye Otes and other lyke graynes †The Tyme They are both ripe in Iune †The Names This plant is called of Galen Lib. 1. de alimentorum facultatibus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Arachus the whiche name is written by chin the last syllabe as a difference from the other 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracus written with ac wherof we haue alredy treated They call it in French Vesseron in Brabant Crock in Englishe Wilde Vetche †The Nature and Vertues Arachus or the wild Vetche is not fit for man but serueth only for prouender or fourrage for Bieues and horses vnto whom the whole herbe is giuen Of smal wild Fetchelinges Chap. xxvij Galega altera Vetcheling or smal wild Fitches Onobrichis fortè Medica Ruellij Saint Foin Medick Vetcheling THE wild Vetche is much like Arachus described in the former Chapt. in stalkes leaues and clasping tendrelles but that his flowers grow not in the like order but do grow in tuffed clusters about long stemmes almost like to spiked eares of colour purple in blew the which past
Englishe Sea Holme or Huluer and Sea Holly The other kinde is called in English the Hundred headed Thistel in French Chardon a cent testes in high Douch Manstrew Brachen distel and Rad distel in base Almaigne Cruysdistel in the Shoppes also it is nowe called Iringus This without doubt is a kinde of Eringium the whiche may also very be well called Centumcapita †The Nature Sea Holly is temperate of heate and colde yet of drie and subtil partes The hundred headed Thistell is hoate and drie as one may easyly gather by the taste †The Vertues The first leaues of Eryngium are good to be eaten in Salade and was for that purpose so vsed of the Auncientes as Dioscorides writeth The rootes of the same boyled in wine and dronken are good for them that are troubled with the Colique and gripings of the belly for it cureth them and driueth foorth windinesse The same taken in the same manner bringeth foorth womens natural sicknesse It is good to drinke the wine wherein Sea Holly hath boyled against the stone and grauel and against the payne to make water for it prouoketh vrine driueth foorth the stone cureth the infirmities that chaunce to the kidneyes if it be dronken fiftiene dayes togither one after another The same rootes taken in the same manner are good for suche as be liuer sicke and for those that are bitten of any venemous beastes or haue receiued or dronke poyson especially if it be dronken with the seede of wilde Carrot It doth also helpe those that are troubled with the Crampe and the falling sicknesse The greene herbe is good to be pounde and layde to the bytinges of venemous beastes especially to the bitinges of Frogges The Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse to preserue and comfit the roote of Eringium to be giuen to the aged and olde people and others that are consumed or withered to nourishe and restore them againe The roote of Centumcapita or the Thistel of a hundred heades is likewise comfited to restore nourishe and strengthen albeit it commeth not neare by a great way to the goodnesse of the other Of Starre Thistel / or Caltrop Chap. lix †The Description STarre Thistell hath softe frised leaues deepely cutte or gaysle the stalkes grow of a foote and a halfe high full of branches wherevppon growe small knappes or heades like to other Thistelles but muche smaller and set rounde about with sharpe thornie prickles fashioned lyke a Starre at the beginning either greene or browne redde but afterwarde pale or white when those heades do opeÌ„ they bring foorth a purple flower afterwarde a small flat and round seede the roote is long and somewhat browne without ¶ The Place This Thistell groweth in rude vntoyled places alongst the waies is founde in great quantitie about the Marte Towne of Anwarpe nere to the riuer Scelde and alongst by the newe walles of the Towne †The Tyme This Thistell flowreth from the moneth of Iuly vntill August Carduus stellatus †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Carduus stellatus and Stellaria also Calcitâ—apa and some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Polyacanthus of Theophrast the which Gaza calleth in Latine Aculeosa they call it in Frenche Chaussetrape in high Douch Wallen Distell ano Raden Distel in base Almaigne Sterre distel in English Starre Thistel or Caltrop †The Nature This Thistel also is of a hoate nature as the taste of the roote doth shewe †The Vertues They vse greatly to take the powder of the seede of this Thistel in wine to drinke to prouoke vrine and to driue foorth grauel and against the strangury Of the Teasel Chap. lx †The Kindes THe Cardthistel or Teasel is of two sortes the tame the wild The tame Teasel is sowen of Fullers and clothworkers to serue their purposes the wilde groweth without husbanding of it selfe serueth to smal purpose Dipsacum satiuum Fullers Teasel Dipsacum syluestre Wilde Teasel THE Cardthistel his first leaues be long and large hackt round about with natches lyke the teeth of a sawe betwixt those leaues riseth a holowe stalke of three foote long or more with many branches set here and there with diuers hooked sharpe prickles and spaced or seuered by ioyntes at euery of the sayd ioyntes grow two great long leaues the which at the lower endes be so closely ioyned and fastened togither round about the stalke that it holdeth the water falling either by rayne or dewe so sure as a dishe or bason At the top of the branches growe long rough and prickle heades set full of hookes out of the same knops or heades grow smal white flowers placed in Celles and Cabbins like the honie Combe in whiche Chambers or Celles after the falling away of the flower is found a sede like Fenil but bitter in taste The knoppes or heades are holow within and for the most part hauing wormes in them the whiche you shall finde in cleauing the heades The roote is long playne and white The wild Teasel is much like to the other but his leaues be narrower and his flowers purple the hookes of this Teasel be nothing so harde nor sharpe as the other There is yet another wilde kinde of these Carde Thistels the which grow highest of al the other sortes whose knopped heades are no bigger then a nut in all thinges els lyke to the other wilde kindes †The Place The tame Teasel is sowen in this Countrie and in other places of Flaunders to serue Fullers and Clothworkers The wild groweth in moyst places by brookes riuers such other places †The Tyme Carde Thistel flowreth for the most part in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This kinde of Thistel is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dipsacum and LabruÌ„ Veneris of some also Chamaeleon Crocodilion Onocardion Cneoron Meleta Cinara rustica Moraria Carduus Veneris Veneris lauacrum Sciaria in Shoppes Virga Pastoris and Carduus Fullonum in French Verge de berger Cardon a Foulon or A Carder in high Douche Karten distel Bubenstrel Weberkarten in base Almaigne Caerden and Volders Caerden in Englishe Fullers Teasel Carde Thistell and Venus bath or Bason The tame Teasel is called Dipsacum satiuum and Dipsacum album The wilde Teasel is called Dipsaca syluestris or Purpurea †The Nature The roote of Carde Thistell as Galen saith is drie in the seconde degree and somwhat scouring †The Vertues The roote of Teasell boyled in wine and afterwarde pounde vntill it come to the substance or thicknesse of an oyntment healeth the chappes riftes and fistulas of the fundement But to preserue this oyntment ye must keepe it in a boxe of Copper The small wormes that are founde within the knoppes or heades of Teaselles do cure and heale the Quartayne ague to be worne or tyed about the necke or arme as Dioscorides writeth Of Artechokes Chap. lxi †The Kyndes There is now found two kindes of Artechokes the one with
and rent much lyke to the leaues of Coloquintida The fruite is round and greene without wherein groweth a flat blacke seede lyke to a Melon or Pepon seede but somwhat smaller †The Place This herbe is mainteyned in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme The Citrull Cucumber is rype with Pompons or Melons about the ende of Sommer ⧠The Names This kind of Cucumber is called Cucumis Citrulus of some Anguria in shops Citrulum and in Douch according to the same Citrullen in French Concombre citrin in Englishe Citrulles and of some Pome Citrulles Cucumis Citrulus The wilde kinde of this Cucumber is the right Coloquintida described in the third booke of this historie of Plantes ¶ The Nature The Citrull is of temperament colde and moyst lyke the Pepon †The Vertues The Citrull Cucumber is muche lyke to the Melone in vertue and operation whether it be taken in meate or medicine Of Melons Chap. xxxi †The Description THe Melon trayleth alongst the grounde lyke the Cucumber and hath tender branches with catching caprioles and rounde rough leaues The flowers be yellowe lyke the flowers of the Cucumber The fruite is long and almost like to the Cucumber but greater and couered all ouer with soft heare especially beyng yet young and tender and yellowe within The seede is muche inclosed in the inner parte of the fruite and is muche lyke to the Cucumber seede †The Place Melons are sowen in gardens and they require a fat wel dounged ground and also a drie grounde standing well in the Sonne for otherwise you scarse see them prosper in this Countrie †The Tyme The Melon is ripe in August September Cucumis Galeni Antiquorum ⧠The Names Galen nameth this fruite in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Cucumis vndoubtedly it is the Cucumis of the Auncientes wherof Cucumer Asininus that is to say the leaping Cucumber is the wilde kinde Of the later writers at these dayes it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melopepo of some Melo and in some places of Italy it is also called Citrulus and Cucumis citrulus in Frenche Melon in high Douche Melaunen in base Almaigne Meloenen in Englishe Melons and muske Melons †The Nature The Melon in cemperament is almost like to the Pepone but not so moyst †The Vertues The Melon is in vertue like to the Pompon or Pepon sauing that it doth not ingender so euill blood neither doth it descende so quickly into the belly wherefore it is by so much better then the Pepon Of Gourdes Chap. xxxij †The Kindes THe Gourde is of three sortes that is to say the great the smal the long which are muche lyke one another in leaues branches ouer and bysides the wilde kind which is described before in the third booke Cucurbita cameraria maior Cucurbita minor Cucurbita anguina †The Description THE Gourde hath long limmer stalkes tender and full of branches and clasping tendrels or caprioles whereby it taketh holde and climbeth vp especially if it be set by perches hedges quick settes or trees by the whiche it may take holde and wrap and wind it selfe for without such stayes helpes the Gourde cannot climbe vp but will lye alongst and growe harde by the grounde and than it can not bring foorth his fruit The leaues be rounde whitishe soft and almost lyke veluet drawing somewhat towardes the fashion of the great Clot Bur leaues but smaller The flowers be white euery flower parted into fiue small leaues after the flowers commeth the fruite at the beginning greene and ouerlayde or couered with a soft cotton or hearie downe but after whan it turneth to ripenesse it is of a yellowishe colour and almost balde without heare or cotton This first kinde is very great rounde thicke and large Within this fruite is found a large long seede with two peakes or corners at the ende of the same seede The seconde kinde is lyke to the first in stalkes leaues flowers and seede sauyng that the fruite is smaller and lyke a rounde flagon or bottel with a long necke which is the best fashion of Gourdes for they be oftentimes vsed especially of the Pilgrimes in steede of flagons or bottelles when they are made hollowe The thirde kinde is lyke to the aforesayde sauyng that the fruit is neyther so short nor so bigge as the fruite of the others but most commonly is of three or foure foote long and as bigge as ones legge or arme the rest is lyke the others Bysides these three kinds of garden Gourdes as some learned men write there is found another sort whose fruite is very short and no bigger than ones finger the residue as the stalkes and leaues is lyke to the abouesayde Of this sorte is also a wilde kinde whereof there is mention made in the Chapter of Coloquintida in the thirde booke †The Place The three first kindes are planted in the gardens of this Countrie The fourth kinde groweth in some Countries in rough stony places †The Tyme The Gourde is ripe in this Countrie in August and September †The Names The Gourde is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in the Shoppes Cucurbita in high Douche Kurbs in base Almaigne Cauwoorde in Frenche Courge ▪ in Englishe a Gourde or Gourdes The three first kinds are called of Plinie Cucurbitae camerariae and of some also Perticales bycause they growe vppon poles rayles and perches lyke vnto vines whereof is sometimes made close herbours and vaultes or coueringes The first kinde is nowe called of the later writers Cucurbita magna maior in Englishe the great Gourde in Frenche Grande Courge in high Douche Grosz kurbs in base Almaigne Groote Cauwoorden The seconde kinde is called Cucubita minor in English the lesser Gourder in high Douch klein kurbs in base Almaigne Cleyn Cauwoorden in Frēch Petit Courge The third kind is called Cucurbita anguina and of some Cucurbita oblonga in Frenche Courge longue in high Douch Lang Kurbs in base Almaigne Langhe Cauwoorden in English Long Gourdes The fourth kinde whiche is yet vnknowen in this Countrie is called of Plinie in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Somphos in Latine Cucurbita barbarica marina †The Nature The Gourde is colde and moyst in the seconde degree †The Vertues The Gourde eaten rawe and vnprepared is a very vnholsome foode as Galen sayth for it cooleth and chargeth or lodeth the stomacke and ouerturneth and hurteth the same by stirring vp the payne thereof But being boyled backte or otherwayes dressed it is not so hurtfull for it doth coole and moysten the hoate and dry stomacke slaketh thirste and looseth the belly neuerthelesse it nourisheth but litle The iuyce of the whole Gourde pressed out and boyled and dronken with a litle hony and Saltpeter looseth or openeth the belly very gently The lyke vertue hath the wine that hath stoode by the
space of a whole night abroade in the ayre in a rawe holow Gourde if it be dronken fasting The poulpe or inner substance of the Gourde pounde or brused doth slake and swage hoate swellinges and impostumes the inflammations and rednes of the eyes and especially the hoate payne of the gowte being layd to the greeued places The iuyce of the Gourde with oyle of roses dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The same is very good to be layd to in the same sort or by it selfe vnto scaldings burnings and chafinges and hoate Cholerique inflammations called Erisipelas or S. Antonies fier The croppes and tender branches dronken with sweete wine and a little vineger cureth the blooddy flixe The rinde or barke of the Gourde burned into ashes doth cure and make hoale the sores and blisters that come of burning and the old sores of the genitours being strowed therevpon The seede of the Gourde is almost of the lyke vertue with the seede of the Cucumber Of Rapes and Turneps Chap. xxxiij †The Description THe round Rape or turnep at the beginning hath great rough brode leaues whiche leaues in the ende next the stemme are deepely cut and iagged vpon both sydes and towards winter it will haue a round stalke vpon the which grow smal yellow flowers which bring foorth smal browne seede in litle coddes or huskes lyke Colewurtes to whiche the Rapes are muche like in flowers huskes seede The roote is rounde and thicke white both without and within somtimes as great as a mans head sometimes no bigger then ones fiste and sometimes smaller There is another kinde of Turnep or Rape yet not that sorte whiche some men call the red Rape or Nauew whereof we haue alredy spoken in the Chapt. of Beetes but another kinde very like to the rounde Rape or turnep aforesaid in rough leaues stalkes flowers coddes and seedes and and differeth but onely in this that his rootes or Turneppes are not white but red in all thinges els lyke to the other as I vnderstande by some Herboristes who haue declared vnto me that the noble and famous Queene Douager of Hungarie and Bohem doth cause them to be set and planted in her most ryche and pleasant gardens Rapa †The Place The Turnep loueth an open place it is sowen somwhere in vineyardes as at Huygarden and the Countrie theraboutes which do waxe very great but they are most commonly sowen in feeldes especially when the corne is ripe but they become nothing so great †The Tyme They are sowen at the beginning of sommer that they may waxe great and in Iuly and August after the cutting downe of corne but the later sowing are neuer very great about April when sommer is at hand they bring foorth stalkes and flowers The seede is ripe in May and Iune †The Names Rapes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rapae in French Naneaux in high Douch Ruben in base Almaigne Rapen in Englishe Rapes and Turneps ¶ The Nature Rapes are hoate and moyst of complexion †The Vertues The Turnep taken in meat nourisheth meetely wel so that it be moderately taken and wel digested but if a man take so muche thereof as may not be well digested it engendreth and stirreth vp much windynesse many superfluous humours in the body especially when it is eaten rawe for then it hurteth the stomacke causeth windinesse blastings and payne in the belly small guttes The same boyled in milke swageth the payne of the gowt being laid therto Dyle of roses put into a Turnep made holow for the purpose and then rosted vnder the hoate ashes or embers healeth the kibed heeles The broth of Rapes is good for the same purpose if the kibed heeles be washed and soked thereon and so is the Nauew or Turnep it selfe eyther baked or rosted good to be layd vpon mouldy and kibed heeles The croppes and young springes of Turneps eaten prouoke vrine and are good for suche as are troubled with the stone The seede of Turneps or Rapes withstandeth all poyson and therefore is put to the making of treacles whiche are medicines or dayned agaynst all poyson and for the swaging of paynes The oyle of the same seede is of the same efficacie and working and being taken rawe it expelleth the wormes that ingender in the body The roote prepared and vsed as is before said stirreth vp the pleasure of the body the seede dronken is of the same vertue the seede is also put into medicines that are made for the beautifying of the face and al the body as Dioscorides Galen and other approued aucthours testifie Rapes haue also a maruelous properrie to cleare the eyesight as Auerrois the Philosopher but enimie vnto Christ writeth Of the long Rape / or Nauet gentle Chap. xxxiiij ¶ The Kindes The Nauew is of two sortes tame and wilde †The Description NAuew gentle or garden long Rape hath great large leaues almost lyke the leaues of Turneps or round Nauewes but muche smoother The stalke is rounde of a cubite long vpon the whiche growe flowers huskes and seede lyke to Turnep The roote is very long and thicke in all thinges els like the Turnep or round Rape The wild Nauew is not much vnlyke the abouesayd sauing that his leaues are more iagged from the neather part euen vp to the top and the roote is not so long but shorter and rounder almost lyke to a wilde peare Napus hortensis Garden Rape Napus syluestris Wild Rape †The Place The Nauew gentle is much sowen in Fraunce especially about Paris The wilde Nauew groweth in some Countries alongest by riuers and brookes and such colde places †The Tyme The Nauew flowreth in the spring time like the Turnep and Colewortes †The Names The Nauew is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Napi in high Douche Steckruben in Brabant Steckrapen and Parijsche Rapen that is to say Long Rape and Paris Nauewes Garden Nauew is called in Latine Napus satiuus in high Douch Truckē Steckruben that is to say the drie Nauew some do also cal it in English Nauet and Nauew gentle The wilde kinde is called Napus syluestris in high Almaigne Nasz Steckruben that is to say the moyst or water Nauet †The Nature Nauewes are of complexion lyke to the Turneps as Galen writeth †The Vertues The Nauew taken in meate doth nourrish lesse then the Turnep otherwise in vertue and operation it is much like to the rounde Rape or Turnep The seede thereof is very good against poyson and therefore it is put into treacles and preseruatiues Of Rampion or wilde Rapes Chap. xxxv †The Kindes There be two sortes of Rampions or wilde Rapes the great and the smal Rapum syluestre paruum Litle Rampions Rapum syluestre aliud Wilde Rampions †The Description THE smal common Rampion his first leaues be roundishe almost lyke the leaues of the March Violet afterward it bringeth foorth a round harde stalke of
yellowe The roote is white and full of hearie laces or stringes The lesser water Cresse at the first hath rounde leaues then commeth the rounde stalke of a foote long vpoyn the whiche growe long leaues iagged on both sides almost like the leaues of Rockat The flowers growe at the highest of the stalkes of colour somewhat white or of a light Carnation after whiche come smal huskes wherein the seede lyeth †The Place The greater watercresse groweth in diches standing waters and fountaynes or springes The lesser watercresse groweth in moyst groundes and medowes that are Sium Nasturtium aquaticum Great Watercresse Sisymbrium alterum cardamine Small watercresse ouerwhelmed and drenched with water in the winter season also in standing waters and diches †The Tyme The great watercresse flowreth in Iuly and August The lesser flowreth in May and almost vntil the ende of sommer †The Names The first kinde is called in high Douche Braun Kersz in base Almaigne waterkersse in Shoppes also Nasturtium aquaticum and seemeth very wel to be that Sium of the which Cratenas maketh mention in English Water Kars and Water Cresse The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sisymbrium alterum cardamine of some also Sium in Frenche Passerage sauuage or Petit Cresson aquatique in high Douch Gauchblum wilder Kresz and Wisen Kresz in base Almaigne Coeckoecxbloemen and Cleyn Waterkersse of the Herboristes Flos cuculi of some Nasturtium aquaticum in Englishe the lesser Watercresse and Coccow flowers This is no Iberis as some haue deemed it †The Nature These two herbes are hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Water Cresse is good to be eaten in Salade either by it selfe or with other herbes for it causeth one to make water it breaketh and bringeth foorth the grauel and stone and is good for suche as haue the strangurie and agaynst all stoppinges of the kidneyes and bladder The lesser watercresse taketh away spottes and freckles from the face and al such blemishes if it be laid therto in the euening taken away in the morning The wilde Passerage boyled in lye driueth away lyce if the head or place where they be are washed therwithall The kine feeding where as store of the wild Passerage or Coccow flowers growe giue very good milke wherewithal is made excellent sweete butter Of winter Cresses Chap. lxi †The Description THIS herbe hath greene grosse leaues broade smooth and somewhat round not muche vnlyke the leaues of Smallage or garden Rape but greater and larger thē Smallage leaues The stalkes be rounde full of branches aboue bringing forth many litle yellow flowers and after them long rounde coddes wherin is enclosed a litle seede The roote is thicke and long †The Place This herbe groweth in the feeldeg somtime also in gardens of potherbes places not toyled or husbanded †The Tyme This herbe is greene most commonly all the winter but it flowreth seedeth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is called in Douche S. Barbarakraut and according to the same in Latine Sanctae Barbarę herba we haue named it Barbaraea the Frenchmen Herbe de S. Barbe in some places of Brabant they call it Steencruyt bycause it is good against the stone and grauel in Holland and other places Winterkersse bycause they do vse to eate of it in the winter time in salades in steede of Cresses therefore it is called Nasturtium or Cardamum hybernum This seemeth to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pseudobunium of Dioscorides for surely this is not Sideritis latifolia or Scopa regia as some do take it Herbe Sainbarbe Pseudobunium Barbaraea †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues Herbe S. Barbe is a good herbe for salade and is vsed in the winter season for Salades like Cresses for the whiche purpose it doth aswell as Cresses or Rockat It doth mundifie and clense corrupt woundes and vlcers and consumeth dead flesh that groweth to fast being either layde thereto or the iuyce thereof dropped in Also it is certaynely proued by experience that the seede of this herbe causeth one to make water driueth forth grauel and cureth the strangurie which vertues be lykewise attributed to Pseudobunium Of Thlaspi Chap. lxij ¶ The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of wilde Cresse or Thlaspi the which are not muche vnlyke one another nor vnlyke cresse in taste Thlaspi The first kinde of Thlaspi Thlaspi alterum The seconde kinde of Thlaspi or treacle Mustarde †The Description THE first kinde of Thlaspi hath long narrowe leaues The stemmes be hard and pliant or tough of a foote and a halfe long vpon which grow litle branches bringing foorth smal white flowers and afterward flat huskes and round with a certayne clouen brim or edge all aboue at the vpmost part of eache huske which chappe or clift causeth the huske to resemble the hart of a man within the sayde huskes is founde small seede the whiche is rounde eger and burning the mouth and in the ende it tasteth and smacketh of garlike or onyons and is of a brownish colour The seconde kinde hath long leaues and meetely large longer and broader then the first iagged or cut about the edges The stalkes be round of a foote long diuided into sundry smal branches vpon which grow smal huskes almost lyke the seede of Shepheardes pouche within which huskes is likewise found a sharpe biting seede The thirde kinde of Thlaspi hath smaller stalkes and leaues then the aforesaid and hath more smal slender branches vpon which grow flowers and seede lyke to the other but altogither smaller The fourth kinde hath long small rough white greene leaues the stalkes be of a wooddy substance round and tough or pliant vpō the same grow smal white flowers the whiche past it bringeth foorth broade huskes or seede vessels hauing a brownishe kinde of seede very hoate in taste lyke to the seede of Cressis ¶ The Place These herbes do grow in feeldes and all alongst the same in vntoyled places about wayes there is store growing togither the one kinde in one place and the other in another †The Tyme These herbes doo flower and are in seede at sommer from Maye to August †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thlaspi Capsella and Scandulaceum of some also Myitis Bytron Dasmophon Myopteron in high Douche Wilder Cresz in Frenche Seneue sauuage in base Almaigne Wilde Kersse it may be also called in Englishe Thlaspi The first kinde is the right Thlaspi of Dioscorides and is called in base Almaigne Visselcruyt and of some in Latine Scordothlaspi that is to say Garlikethlaspi Thlaspi minus Besom grasse The second kind is called of the later writers Nasturtium rusticum Sinapi rusticum in high Douche Baurn seuff or Baurn Kresz the neather Douchmen in folowing the same call it Boeren mostaert or Boeren kersse that is to say
colour white and yellow in the middell The rootes be nothing else but like to long small blacke threedes and at that ende whereby they are fastened to the ground they are white and shyning like Cristall The third herbe swimming vpon the water is called Morsus Ranae or Frog bitte and it hath round leaues layde flatte and spread vpon the water like the leaues of Asarabacca or Folefoote but smaller tied vpon shorte stemmes comming out from the roote The floures grow amongst the leaues and are white and a little yellow in the middell parted into three leaues much like in figure to the floures of water Plantayne the floures of water Milfoyle or Crabs clawe The roote is thicke and shorte with many long threedes or strings like the roote of water Milfoyle There is also carried vpon the water certayne little small greene rounde leaues not much larger then the seede of the pulse called Lentilles hauing vnder them for rootes very small white threddy strings are called water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues Polyanthemum palustre White Crowfoote or water Crowfoote Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe whiche some call water Lyuerworte at the rootes whereof hang very many hearie strings like rootes the which doth oftentimes change his vppermost leaues according to the places where as it groweth That whiche groweth within the water carrieth vpon slender stalkes his leaues very small cut much like the leaues of the common Cammomill but before they be vnder the water and growing aboue about the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small rounde leaues somewhat dented or vneuenly cut about That kinde whiche groweth out of the water in the borders of diches hath none other but the small iagged leaues That whiche groweth adioyning to the water is sometimes drenched or ouerwhelmed with water hath also at the top of the stalkes small rounde leaues but much more dented than the round leaues of that whiche groweth alwayes in the water The floures of these herbes are white and of a good sent or smell with a certayne yellow in the middel like the floures of Crowfoote golde Cuppes or Strawbery floures whan they are gone there commeth rounde rough and prickley knoppes like the seede of Crowfoote or Golde knappes †The Place These herbes grow in standing waters and diches †The Tyme Water Spike and Frogge bitte do floure most commonly in Iune The others in May. †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fontalis Fontinalis of some Spicata vnknowen in Shoppes in English Water spike and Pōdeweede in French Espi d'eaue and Bete Aquatigue in high Douch Zamkraut in base Almaigne Fonteyncruyt The second is counted of some of the wryters in these dayes for a kinde of the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Millefolium Some call it in French Gyroflee d'eaue in Latine Viola palustris in base Almaigne Water Filieren in English Water Gillofer The thirde is called Morsus ranae that is to say Frogge bitte it hath none other Greeke nor Latin name that I know it is called in base Almaigne Vorschen Beet Cleyn plompen that is Paruam Nymphaeā or small Waterlyllie The water Lentyll is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens palustris or Lacustris in Shoppes Lenticula aquae in English water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues in high Douch Meerlinsen in base Almaigne water Linsen and of some Eynde gruen The fifth whiche is like to Golde cuppe in his floure and seede seemeth in sight to be a kinde of Ranunculus or Crowfoote called in Greeke Polyanthemon Therefore it may be well called in Latine Polyanthenium palustre or Aquaticum in English white Crowfoote water Crowfoote in base Almaigne Witte or water Boterbloemen The Apothecaries of this time do call it Hepatica and Hepatica aquatica or Palustris And do very erroniously vse it for Hepatica †The Nature Pondeweede doth coole and so doth Frogge bitte and water Lentill or Grayues †The Vertues Pondeweede or water Spyke is good to be layde to rotten and consuming or fretting sores and to sores that runne in the legges if it be layde to with hony and vineger as Plinie saith The Decoction thereof boyled in wine is good to be dronken against the bloudy flixe and all other laskes and hath the vertue like Knotgrasse as Galen wryteth Water Lentils or Grayues mengled with fine wheaten floure and layde too preuayleth much against hoate swellings as Phlegmons Erisipeles and the paynes of the ioyntes The same doth also helpe the falling downe of the siege or Arsegut in yong children It is also good against the bursting of young children The three other kindes are not vsed in Medicine Of Alysson Chap. lxxij †The Description THe stem of this herbe is right straight parting it self at the top into three or foure smal branches The leaues be first round and after long whitish and rough or somewhat woolly in handling It bringeth foorth at the top of the branches little yellow floures afterward small rough whitish and flat huskes and almost round fasshioned lyke Bucklers wherein is conteyned a flat seede almost like to the seede of Castell or stocke Gillofers but greater †The Place Alysson as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpō rough mountaynes is not founde in this countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iune and the seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Alyssum this is Dioscorides Alysson for Alyssa of Galen and Plinie are vnlike to this of some late writers Lunaria maior This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie is not like vnto this †The Nature Alysson is of a drying nature as Galen writeth Alysson †The Vertues Alysson dronken or holden to the Nose to smell at driueth away yexing or the Hicket The same taken with other meates cureth the rage or madnesse caused by the byting of a madde Dogge The same hanged in the house or at the gate or entry keepeth both man and beast from enchantments and witching Of Scabius Chap. lxxiij †The Kyndes THere are found in this coūtrey three kindes of Scabius like one to an other aswell in the floures as in the leaues Scabiosa Communis Scabius Scabiosae tertium genus Sheepes Scabius †The Description THe first kinde which is the most common the greatest at his first cōming vp his leaues be long and small of a grayishe hore colour and hearie spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp round and hearie shootes or stēmes bearing leaues very iagged of a hoare grayishe colour hearie also in fasshion somewhat like to the leaues of the great Valerian whiche we call Setwall At the toppe of the stalkes groweth blewish floures in thicke tuffets fasshioned like to
leaues of commō Buglosse but much greater and blacker The floures be rounde and hollow like little belles most commonly white and sometimes reddish The roote is blacke without and white within very clammy or slimie to touche †The Place Comfrey groweth alongst by diches and in moyst places †The Tyme It floureth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Symphytū magnum Solidago in Shoppes Consolida maior in Italian Consolida maggiore in Spanish Suelda mayor Consuelda mayor in English Comfrey and Comferie in Frēch Consyre in high Douch Walwurtz grosz Beinwel in base Almaigne Waelwortel †The Nature Comfrey is hoate and dry in the second degree Symphytum magnum †The Vertues The rootes of Comfrey pound and dronken are good for them that spitte bloud and healeth all inwarde woundes and burstings The same also beyng brused and layde to in manner of a playster do heale all greene and fresshe woundes and are so glutinatiue that if it be sodde with chopte or minsed meate it wil reioyne and bring it all togither againe into one masse or lumpe The rootes of Comferie boyled and dronken do clense the breast from flegmes and cureth the grieffes or hurtes of the Lunges They haue the lyke vertue being mengled with sugar syropes or Honny to be often taken into the mouth or licked The same with the leaues of Grounswell are good to be layde vpon all hoate tumors or inflammations especially to the inflammations of the fundament or siege The same also are good to be pounde layde vpon burstings or ruptures ¶ The ende of the first parte of Dodonęus Herball ⧠The seconde parte of the Historie of Plantes / intreating of the differences / proportions / names / properties and vertues of pleasant and sweete smelling floures herbes and seedes and suche like Written by that famous D. Rembertus Dodoneus now Physition to the Emperour Of Marche Violets Chap. i. †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Violets the garden and the wilde Violet The Garden violets are of a fayre darke or shining deepe blewe colour and a very pleasant and amiable smell The wilde Violets are without sauour and of a fainte blewe or pale colour †The Description The sweete Garden or Marche violet creepeth alongst the ground like the Strawberie plante fastening it selfe and taking roote in diuers places his leaues be rounde and blackish like to Iuye leaues sauing they be smaller rounder and tenderer emongst the whiche leaues there springeth vp fayre pleasant floures of a darke blew colour eache floure growing alone by him selfe vpon a little small and tender stemme The floures are diuided into fiue small leaues wherof the middle of the floures with the tippes or poynted endes of the leaues are speckled or spotted with a certayne reddish yellow After the floures there appeareth round bullets or huskes full of seede the whiche being ripe do open and diuide themselues into three partes the roote is tender of threddish strings Viola Nigra The blacke or purple Violet Of this sorte there is an other kinde planted in gardens whose floures are very double and full of leaues There is also a thirde kinde bearing floures as white as snow And also a fourth kinde but not very common whose floures be of a darke Crymsen or old reddish purple colour in all other poyntes like to the first as in his leaues seede and growing The wilde is like to the garden Violet but that his leaues are far smaller his floures are somwhat greater but much paler yea sometimes almost white and without sauour ⧠The Place The sweete garden Violet groweth vnder hedges and about the borders of fieldes and pastures in good ground and fertyle soyle and it is also set and planted in gardens The wilde kinde whiche is without smell groweth in the borders of dry leane and barren fieldes The garden violet floureth in Marche and Aprill The wilde also doth floure in Aprill and afterwardes †The Names The sweete Violet is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Viola nigra Viola purpurea of Virgil Vaccinium in Shoppes Viola in English Violets the garden Violet the sweete Violet and the Marche violet in Italian Viola porporea and Viola mammola in Spanish Violetas in Frenche Violette de Mars ou de quaresme in high Douch Blauw veiel or Mertzen violen in base Almaigne Violetten the Violet plante or herbe is called in Shoppes Violaria and Mater violarum †The cause of the Greeke name The sweete Violet as the Emperour Constantine wryteth was called in Greeke Ion after the name of that sweete guirle or pleasant damosell Io which Iupiter after that he had gotte her with childe turned her into a trim Heaffer or gallant Cowe bycause that his wife Iuno beyng bothe an angry and Ielous Goddesse should not suspect that he loued Ion. In the honour of which his Io as also for her more delicate and holsome feeding the earth at the commaundement of Iupiter brought foorth Violettes the whiche after the name of his welbeloued Io he called in Greeke Ion and therefore they are also called in Latine as some do wryte Violae quasi vitulae Vaccinia Nicander wryteth that the name of Ion was giuen vnto Violettes bycause of the Nymphes of Ionia who firste of all presented Iupiter with these kindes of floures †The Nature or Temperament Violets are colde in the first degree and moyst in the second †The Vertues The Decoction of Violets is good against hoate feuers and the inflammation of the Liuer and all other inwarde partes driuing forth by siege the hoate and cholerique humors The like propertie hath the iuyce syrupe or conserue of the same The syrupe of Violets is good against the inflammation of the lunges and breast and against the Pleurisie and cough and also against feuers or Agues but especially in yong children The same Syrupe cureth all inflammations and roughnesse of the throte if it be much kept or often holden in the mouth The sugar of violets and also the conserue and iuyce bringeth the same to passe That yellow whiche is in the middest of the floures boyled in water is good to be gargled in the throte agaynst the squinancie or swelling in the throte it is also good to be dronken agaynst the falling sickenesse in yong children Violets pounde and layde to the head alone or mengled with oyle remoueth the extreame heate swageth head-ache prouoketh sleepe and moysteneth the brayne it is good therefore against the drynesse of the head against melancholy and dulnesse or heauinesse of Spirite Violets brused or stamped with barlie meale are good to be layde vpon phlegmons that is to say hoate unpostumes or carbuncles and they heale the inflammation and paine of the eyes also the hoate vlcers and the inflammation that commeth with the falling downe of the fundament The seede of Violettes dronken with wine or water is good agaynst the
Latine Clematis altera Ambuxum Epigetis and of some of our tyme Flammula The seconde is also accounted to be Clematis altera bycause of the lykenesse it hath with the other albeit his leaues do not muche bite vpon the tongue The thirde is nowe called Vitalba in Frenche Viorne in high Douch Lijnen or Lenen and of some Waldreben Some learned men take this herbe for a kinde of Clematis altera although his leaues lykewise haue no very great byting sharpnesse vpon the tongue Wherefore it shoulde be rather iudged of me to be more lyke the herbe whiche men call in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cyclaminus altera of some Cissanthemon and Ciffophilon whereof we haue written before in the eleuenth Chapter of this thirde booke ⧠The Nature The leaues of Clematis altera are hoate in the beginning of the fourth degree †The Vertues The seede of Clematis altera taken with water or Mede made with water and honie purgeth downewarde cholerique humours with grosse and tough fleme as sayth Dioscorides The leaues being layde vppon doth take away and heale the scurffe and leprie The fruite of Cyclaminus altera dronken with white wine fourtie dayes togither doth heale the stoppinges and hardnesse of the Melte or Splene purging the same both by siege and vrine And is profitable for them that are short winded to be taken into the body Of Iuye Chap. xlix †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Iuye as Dioscorides writeth The first hath a white fruite and is vnknowen vnto vs. The seconde beareth a blacke or yellowish fruite and of this kinde there groweth great plentie in this Countrie The thirde kinde is small and creepeth along vpon the grounde and this kinde bringeth no fruite Hedera nigra Blacke Iuye Hedera Helix Smal Iuye Barren Iuye †The Description THE blacke Iuye hath harde wooddy branches couered with a graye thicke barke whereby it embraceth and taketh holde vpon walles old houses and buildinges also about trees and hedges and all thinges els that it meeteth withal The leaues be harde playne of a browne greene colour triangled at the beginning and after when they be more elder they waxe somthing rounder The flowers grow at the top or highest part of the branches vpō long straight stemmes many togither like a round nosegay of a pale color after they turne into round beries about the quantitie of a pease clustering togither greene at the beginning but afterwarde when they be ripe they waxe blacke The thirde kinde is not muche vnlyke the Iuie abouesayde but that his branches are both smaller and tenderer not lifting or bearing it selfe vpwarde as the other kinde but creeping alongst by the grounde The leaues are most commonly three square of a blackish greene and at the ende of sommer about Autumne they are betwixt browne and red vpon one side this Iuie hath neyther flowers nor fruite ¶ The Place The blacke Iuie groweth in all partes of this Countrie vppon olde buyldinges houses walles tyles or coueringes of houses and vppon trees and hedges about the which it embraceth and taketh holde fast The small Iuie groweth in woodes and creepeth alongst the grounde amongst the mosse †The Tyme The blacke Iuie flowreth in sommer and the fruite is rype in winter †The Names Iuie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hedera in high Douche Ephew or Eppich in base Almaigne Veyl The first kinde whiche is vnto vs vnknowen is called Hedera alba and of Plinie Hedera foemina The seconde kinde is called Hedera nigra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dionysia of Plinie Hedera mas and that kinde whiche embraceth trees is called of men in these dayes Hedera arborea and that which groweth vpon walles Hedera muralis in French Lyarre noir in high Douch Schwartzer Eppich and Maur Ephew or Baum Ephew in base Almaigne Veyl and Boom Veyl or Muer Veyl The third kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Clauicula and Hederula in French Petit Lyarre in high Douthe Klein Ephew in base Almaigne Cleyne Veyl †The cause of the Name Iuie is called in Greeke Cissos bycause of a certaine Mayden or Damsell whose name was Cissus the whiche at a feast or banquet wherevnto the Goddes were al bidden so daunced before Bacchus and kissed him often making suche mirth and ioy that being ouercome with the same fel to the ground and killed her selfe But as soone as the earth knew therof she brought foorth immediatly the Iuie bushe bearing still the name of the yong Damosel Cissus the which as soone as it groweth vp a litle commeth to embrace the Vine in remembrance that the Damosell Cissus was wonte so to loue and embrace Bacchus the God of wine †The Nature The Iuie is partly colde drie and astringent and partly hoate and sharpe Moreouer being greene it hath a certayne superfluous moystnesse and humiditie the which vanisheth when it is drie †The Vertues The leaues of Iuie boyled in wine do cure great woundes and vlcers and do stay corrupt vlcers and fretting sores The same ordered as is aforesaid wel stampt or pound layd to healeth burninges and scaldinges that chaunce eyther by hoate water or fier The same boyled in vineger health the hardnesse and stopping of the melt or splene if it be layde therevpon The iuyce of the leaues and fruite drawen or snift vp into the nose purgeth the brayne and causeth slymie or tough fleme and other cold humours wherewithall the brayne is charged to issue foorth The same put into the eares stayeth the running humours of the same and healeth vlcers and the corrupt sores happening in the same and it doth the lyke to the sores and vlcers in the nose The same layd to by it selfe or with oyle of roses is very profitable against the olde greeues of the head The flowers of Iuye layde to in manner of a playster with oyle and waxe healeth all burninges The decoction of the same flowers made in wine and dronke twise a day healeth the dangerous flixe called Dysenterie Fiue Iuie beries boyled with oyle of roses in the pille of a Pomgarnet This oyle doth cure and helpe the toothach being put into the eare on the contrarie syde where the payne of the teeth is The gumme of Iuy kylleth Lyce and Nittes And being layde to it taketh away heare from the place you lay it vpon ⧠The Danger The fruite of Iuye taken in to great a quantitie weakeneth the hart and troubleth the sense and vnderstanding The vse therof is also very dangerous for women especially for women with childe and such as are newly deliuered Of grounde Iuye Chap. l. †The Description GRounde Iuye hath many square tender stalkes growing foorth from a roote full of threddes or stringes vppon whiche growe leaues somewhat rounde vneuen and indented rounde about of a strong smell and bitter taste smaller rounder and tenderer
then the leaues of Iuye The flowers do growe amongst the leaues in taste bitter and of a purple colour †The Place Grounde Iuye is very common in all this Countrie and groweth in many gardens and shadowie moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth from Aprill vnto the ende of sommer and continueth greene the most part of all the yere †The Names This herbe is called of men in these dayes in Latine Hedera terrestris and Corona terrae and by this name it is knowen of the Apothecaries It is called in Frenche Lyarre or Lierre terrestre in high Douche Gundelreb and Grundreb in base Almaigne Onderhaue And this herbe hath ben long tyme taken for that which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaecissus but as I do thinke it is better like 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for whiche it is taken of some Hedera terrestris officinarum †The Nature Grounde Iuye is hoate and drie †The Vertues Grounde Iuie brused and put into the eares taketh away the humming noyse or ringing sounde of the same And is good for suche as are harde of hearing Of Woodbine or Honysuckle Chap. li. Periclymenum Woodbine or Honysuckce Periclymeni tertia species The thirde kinde of Periclymenum †The Description WOodbine or Honysuckle hath many small branches whereby it windeth and wrappeth it selfe about trees and hedges vpon the sayde branches grow long leaues and tender white vpon the one syde on the other side of a bleake or faint colour betwixt white and greene at the end of the branches grow the flowers in tuftes lyke nosegayes of a pleasant colour and sweete sauour betwixt white and yellow or pale and purple long holow almost like the little bags of Colombine After the flowers come rounde beries which are as red as Corall when they be ripe The roote is of a wooddy substance There is yet another kinde the whiche bringeth foorth leaues standing directly one agaynst the other and so closed or ioyned togither that the stalkes passe through them but in all other poyntes meetely well like to the aforesayd kinde Byside these two sortes of Honysuckle or Woodbine there is yet another in leaues lyke the first the whiche kinde doth not wrap nor winde it selfe about trees and hedges as the other sortes do but groweth and standeth vpright of it self without the helpe of winding branches or clinging claspers The flowers are white muche smaller then the other sorte of flowers in figure somewhat long conteyning within them many small threddes and they growe euer two and two togither by couples and no moe vpon a stemme amongst the leaues and branches the whiche being gone past there grow vp two round beries eyther red or browne when they be ripe †The Place Woodbine groweth in all this Countrie in hedges about inclosed feeldes and amongst broome or firres It is founde also in woodes especially the two last recited kindes The third kind groweth in many places of Sauoye and in the Countrie of the Swysers †The Tyme Woodbine flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is rype in August and September †The Names This herbe or kinde of Bindeweede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aegina Carpathon Spleniō Epaetitis Clematitis and Calycanthemon in Latine Volucrum maius Periclymenum and Syluae mater of the Apothecaries Caprifolium and Mater Sylua and of some Lilium inter spinas in French Cheurefueille in high Almaigne Geiszbladt Speckgilgen Zeunling and Waldgilgen in base Almaigne Gheytenbladt and Mammekens cruyt in Englishe Honysuckle or Woodbine and of some Caprifoyle The thirde kinde is called in high Douchlande Hundtszkirschen that is to say Dogges Cherries ¶ The Nature Woodbine is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree †The Vertues The fruit of Honysuckle dronken in wine by the space of fourtie dayes doth heale the stopping and hardenesse of the Melt or Splene by consuming of the same and making it lesse And purgeth by vrine the corrupt and euil humours so strongly that after the dayly vse thereof by the space of sixe or ten dayes togither it will cause the vrine to be red and blooddy It is good for such as be troubled with shortnes of breath for them that haue any dangerous cough moreouer it helpeth women that are in trauell of child and drieth vp the natural seede of man to be taken in manner abouesayd The leaues haue the lyke vertue as the fruite hath as Dioscorides sayth Moreouer it keepeth backe the brusinges which are wonte to come at the beginning of Agues when the sayd leaues are sodden in oyle and pound or stamped very smal and the backe or ridge be annoynted therewithal before or at the first comming of the fittes of the Ague The same healeth woundes and corrupt moyst vlcers and taketh away the spottes and scarres of the body and face ⧠The Danger The leaues and fruit of Woodbine are very hurtfull to women with child and altogither contrarie Of smothe Bindweede / or Withiwinde Chap. lij †The Kyndes TThere be two sortes of Bindeweede or withywinde the one bearing a blewe flower the other a white whereof one is great the other small The greater kind windeth it selfe about hedges and trees the lesser most commonly trayleth vpon the grounde Smilax lenis maior Gentle Withiwinde the great Smilax lenis minor Chamaecissus Gentle Withiwinde the smal †The Description THE blewe Withiwinde hath slender branches and small by whiche it clymbeth vp and wrappeth or windeth it selfe about trees and poles The leaues be large and cornered lyke to the olde leaues of Iuye sauing that they be not so harde The flowers are fashioned like belles blewe and holowe the seede is blacke and almost three square lying in knoppes or huskes after the same manner as the seede of the white Bindeweede The great white Bindeweede or soft withiwinde hath lykewise stalkes and branches small and tender whereby it windeth it selfe about trees and hedges lyke the hoppe Vpon the same branches grow tender and soft leaues greene and smothe almost like the leaues of Iuye but muche smaller and tenderer The flowers be great white and hollowe in proportion like to a Bell. And when they are gone there come in their steede little close knoppes or buttons which haue in them a blacke cornered or angled seede The roote is smal and white like to a sort of thicke heares creping alongst vnder the earth growing out or sending foorth new shutes in sundrie places of taste somewhat bitter and full of white iuyce or sappe The lesser white Withywinde is muche lyke to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues flowers seede and rootes sauing that in all these thinges it is muche smaller and most commonly it creepeth alongst vppon the grounde The branches are small and smooth the little leaues are tender and soft the flowers are like to litle belles of a purple or flesh colour the seede is cornered or angled as the seede of the
or Baneworte Chap. lxxvi †The Description THis herbe hath reddish stalkes holow ful of knees or ioyntes vpon the whiche growe long narrowe leaues almost lyke to the Wythie leaues but yet longer and a litle snipt or toothed round about especially those that growe lowest The flowers are yellowe as golde somwhat rough in the middle in fashion and color altogither like the flowers of golden Crowfoote Those being past it hath knops or heades like the seedie knoppes of golden Crowfoote The roote is ful of threddes or laces †The Place It groweth in moyst medowes waterie places and standing puddelles †The Tyme It flowreth in May and soone after yeeldeth his seede †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Flammula that is to say Flame or the fierie herbe bycause it is very hoate and burning like fire The Douchemen call it Egelcoolen bycause the sheepe that haue eaten of this herbe haue the disease whiche they call Egel that is to say the inflammation and blistering of the liuer I know not by what name the olde writers haue called this herbe except this be that herbe whiche Octauius Horatianus doth name Cleoma the whiche groweth also in moyst places and is of a very hoate temperament or complexion It is called in some places of Englande Sperworte it may be also called Banewort ¶ The Nature and operation It is hoate and drie in the fourth degree and burneth and blistereth the body as Ranunculus vnto which it is partly lyke in complexion and operation ⧠The Danger This herbe is hurtful both vnto man and beast for it slayeth both the one and the other The sheepe whiche do happen to eate of it are vexed with a maruelous inflammation and they dye therewith bycause their liuers are inflamed and consumed Flammula Of Herbe Paris / or One Berie Chap. lxxvij †The Description HErbe Paris hath a smoth round stalke about a span long vppon the whiche growe foure leaues set directly one agaynst another crossewise or like a Crosse amongst the sayde leaues groweth a faire starrelike flower in the middle whereof there commeth foorth a bud or knop growing harde by and square the which turneth into a browne berie The roote is long and small casting it selfe hither and thither †The Place This herbe groweth in darke shadowed wooddes as in the wood Soignie by Brussels where as it groweth abundantly †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in April and the sede is ripe in May. ¶ The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Herba Paris and of some Vua Lupina and Vua versa Herba Paris in Frenche Raisin de Renard in high Douche Wolfsbeer Einbeer in Neather Douchlande Wolfsbesie in English Herbe Paris and One berrie The Nature and Vertues The fruite and seede of this herbe are very good agaynst al poyson especicially for suche as by taking of poyson are become peeuishe or without vnderstanding insomuche that it healeth them if it be giuen euery morning by the space of twentie dayes as Baptista Sardus hath first written and after him the excellent learned man Andreas Matthiolus Of Aconitum Chap. lxxviij †The Kindes Aconit is of two sortes as Dioscorides writeth the one is named Aconitum Pardalianches that is to say Aconite that baneth or killeth Panthers The other is Aconitum Lycoctonū that is to say Aconit that killeth Woolfs whereof shal be spoken in the next Chapter †The Description THE first kinde of Aconite called Pardalianches hath three or foure leaues partly rounde and somewhat rough heared the whiche do resemble the leaues of Sowe bread or lyke the wilde Cowcumber but they be smaller The stemme groweth of the height of spanne And therevpon grow yellow flowers which when they perishe they change into wooll hearie threddes which are caried away with the wind By them hangeth blacke seede The roote is not vnlyke to a Scorpion or Tortese and is white shining like Alablaster Of this kinde there is also found an other whiche is somewhat greater The roote also is somwhat longer and more lyke to a freshwater Creauis The whiche roote is most commonly solde of the Apothecaries for Doronicum †The Place This herbe loueth shadowie and rude or wilde places and is not founde in this Countrie Aconitum Pardalianches Panther or Leopardes bane ¶ The Names This kinde of Aconit is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aconitum Pardalianches Myoctonū Theliphonum Cammorum in the Apothecaries shoppes is this roote vsed for Doronicū but it is very vnlike to the Doronicum of the Arabian maisters ⧠The Nature Aconit is hoate and drie in the fourth degree very hurtful to mans nature and killeth out of hande †The Vertues The report goeth that if this herbe or the roote thereof be layde by the Scorpion that he shall lose his force and be astonied vntill suche time as he shall happen agayne to touche or be touched with the leaues of white Elebor or Niesewort by vertue whereof he commeth to him selfe agayne ⧠The Danger Aconit taken into the body killeth Wolues Swine and all beastes both wilde and tame Of Woolfes bane / or Leopardes bane Chap. lxxix †The Kindes VVOolfes bane is of two sortes The one beareth blewe flowers and the other yellowe And of both those kindes are diuers other Lycoctonum caeruleum maius Napellus verus Blew Woolfs bane or Monkes Hoode Lycoctonum caeruleum minus †The Description THE first kinde of blewe Woolfes bane is small the leaues be splitte and somewhat parted as Leopardes bane The flowers be as litle hoodes like to the leaues of the greater Woolfes bane with three coddes folowing the same commonly togither On the hearie roote groweth as it were a litle knoppe wherewith it spreadeth it selfe abroade and multiplyeth Lycoctonum Ponticum Pontike Leopardes bayne or yellow Woolfes bayne Lycoctonum flore Delphini The great blewe Woolfs bayne hath lykewise large leaues and clouen or cut not much differing from the aforesayde but muche greater and more finely iagged and cut and in colour likewise browne The stalkes grow to the height of three or foure foote and they beare at the toppe faire blewe flowers rough within and made like a Hoode or Helmet of fiue leaues whereof the two neathermost are narrowe and straight they of eche side a little larger and the leafe that is all vpmost is great and holowe as a Cappe or Hoode couering the leaues that are by the sides In the holownesse of the sayde flower growe two small crooked heares somewhat great at the ende fashioned like a fooles bable in the middle of the sayde flowers are many smal hearie threddes at the ende of the sayde small threddes are litle prickes or poyntes turning vpon yellowe When the flowers doo fall there come in their steede three or foure huskes togither hauing a harde blacke and cornered seede The roote is thicke and blacke fashioned like a peare and hath many hearie stringes or strappes To these kindes of blewe Woolfes bayne is lykewise
in the spring time and are ripe in August ⧠The Names Otes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Auena in high Douche Habern in base Almaigne Hauer in Frenche Auoyne The seconde kinde may be called in Englishe Pilcorne or pylde Otes Turner calleth the thirde kinde by the Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Auena sterilis whiche you may see described in the xvj Chapter of this fourth booke †The Nature Otes do drie much and are of complexion somwhat colde as Galien saith Auena †The Vertues Otes are good to be put in playsters and Cataplasmes wherein Barley is vsed men may also vse the meale of Otes in steede of Barley meale forasmuche as Otes as Galen saith do drie and digest without any biting acrimonie Oten meale tempered with vineger driueth away the Lentiles and spots of the face The same taken in meate stoppeth the belly Oten bread nourisheth but litle and is not very agreable or meete for mankinde Of Gockwheate Chap. xiiij †The Description BOckwheate hath round stalkes chauellured and fluted or forowed and crested of a reddishe colour about the height of two foote or more The leaues are broade and sharpe at the endes not muche vnlyke the leaues of Iuie or common Wythiwinde It putteth foorth shorte stemmes aswell on the sides as on the top of the stalkes vpon the said short stemmes there growe many white flowers in tuftes or clusters after the said flowers commeth the sede which is triangled and gray enclosed in a litle felme or skinne lyke the seede of blacke binde-weede described in the third part of the historie of plantes †The Place They sow it in leane and drie ground and is very common in the landes of Brabant called Kempene †The Tyme It is sowen in the spring tyme in somer after the cutting downe of Corne and is ripe niene or ten weekes after Fegopyron Tragopyron †The Names This kind of grayne and plant is called in Frenche Dragée aux cheueaux in high Douche Heydenkorne in base Almaigne Bockweydt after whiche name it may be englished Bockwheat The Authour of this worke calleth it TragopyroÌ„ certaine others do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Fagotriticum which is not Oâ—ymum described by Columel as we haue sufficiently declared in the fourth booke of our Historie of Plantes where as we haue in lyke manner declared howe it was vnknowen of the Auncientes I thinke this to be the grayne called in some places of Englande Bolimonge ¶ The Nature This seede without fayle is indued with no heate and is not very drie †The Vertues The meale of Bockewheate is vsed with water to make pappe whitpottes and great cakes of light digestion whiche do lightly lose the belly and prouoke vrine yet they be but of small nourishment The bread which men do make of this grayne is moyst sharpe or sower without any great nourishing It hath none other vertue that I knowe sauing that they giue the greene herbe as fodder and fourrage for cattell and they feede hennes and chickens with the seede which doth make them fat in short space Of Iuray or Darnell Chap. xv †The Description IVray is a vitious grayne that combereth or anoyeth corne especially wheat and in his knottie Strawe blades or leaues is like vnto wheate but his eares do differ both from wheat and Rye eares for they are diuided into many small eares growing vppon the sides at the toppe of the straw in the whiche small eares the seede is conteyned in proportioÌ„ almost lyke wheate cornes but muche smaller ¶ The Place Iuray for the most part groweth amongst wheate and sometimes it is also founde amongst Barley especially in good lande where as wheate hath growen before †The Tyme It waxeth ripe with the wheate and other corne Lolium ¶ The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lolium of the Arabians Zizania in Frenche Yuraye or Gasse in Englishe it is also called Iuraye Darnell and Rayne †The Nature Iuray is hoate euen almost in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde †The Vertues The meale of Iuray layde on with Salt and Radish rootes doth stay and keepe backe wilde Scurffes and corrupt and fretting sores The same with sulfer and vineger cureth the spreading scabbe and leprie or noughtie scurffe when it is layde thereon The same with Pigeons dongue oyle and lineseede boyled layde playsterwise vpon wennes and such harde tumours doth dissolue and heale them It draweth foorth also al splinters thornes and shiuers and doth ripe and open tumours and impostemes If it be sodden with Mede or as Plinie saith Oximel it is good to be layd to to swage the payne of the gowte Sciatique They lay it to the forehead with birdes grease to remoue and cure the headache It is also founde by experience that Iuray put into Ale or Bier causeth dronkennesse and troubleth the brayne Of Pour Otes Festuca and Melampyrum Chap. xvi Aegilops Pour Otes Festuca altera Drauick wilde Otes †The Description POur Otes or wilde Otes are in leaues and knottie strawes like vnto common Otes the eares be also spread abroade like to the common Otes The graine is blackishe rough heared inclosed in hearie huskes eche one hauing a long bearde or barbe This is a hurtfull plant as well to the Rye as other corne Festuca or as the Douchmen call it Drauick is also a hurtfull plant hauing his leaues and strawe not much vnlyke Rye at the top whereof growe spreading eares wherein is conteyned a small seede of grayishe colour inclosed in litle skinnes or small huskes muche lesse and smaller then any other kinde of corne or grayne Ye may wel place with these that herbe or plant which of the Brabanders is called Peertsbloemen that is to say Horse flower whose description you may see in the second booke Chapter xiiij placed with those wild flowers that growe amongst corne for his seede is lyke to wheat and a hurtful or noysome weede to corne especially to wheate as Galen saith ¶ The Place You shal finde much of this geare amongst Rye and oftentimes amongst wheate and Barley †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aegilops and according to Plinie Festuca in English Wilde Otes or Pour Otes The seconde is called in high Douche Dort in Neather Douchlande Drauick it may be also very well called in Latine Festuca or Festuca altera in Englishe Wilde Otes or Drauick †The Nature Pour Otes are hoate as Galen testifieth †The Vertues The greene leaues layde to with the meale of th the seede of Pour Otes if it be Aegilops is good to heale hollowe vlcers called Fistulas especially those whiche are in the corners of the Eyes called Aegilopes The same sodden with Ale or Bier causeth the head to be dul and heauy after a dronken sort or manner like to
Iuraye and the seede of the same grayne which the Brabanders call Peertsbloemen Melampyrū Blacke wheat Cow wheat or Horse flower Of Blight or Brantcorne Chap. xvij †The Description VStilago is a certayne disease or infirmitie that happeneth vnto suche fruits as ebare eares but especially vnto Otes This kinde of plante before it shuteth out in eare is very lyke vnto Otes but when it beginneth to put foorth his eare in steede of a good care there commeth vp a blacke burnt eare ful of blacke dust or powder †The Place It groweth most commonly as is beforesaid amongst Otes and sometimes amongst wheate †The Tyme It is founde most commonly in Aprill when as the Sonne shineth very hoate after a rayne folowing †The Names This barren and vnfruitefull herbe is nowe called Vstilago that is to say Burned or Blighted in French Brulure in high and base Almaigne Brant †The Nature and faculties Vstilago hath no good propertie in Phisicke and serueth to no manner of good purpose but is rather a hurt or maladye to all Corne. Vstilago Of Beanes Chap. xviij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of beanes The one sort is commonly sowen the other is wild The cōmon or manured beane is diuided againe into two sortes that is great and smal Phaselus satiuus Sowen Beanes Phaselus syluestris Wilde Beanes †The Description THE great sowen Beane hath a square stalke vpright and hollowe The leaues growe vpon short stemmes standing vpon both sides of the stalkes one against another and are long thicke The flowers grow vpon the sides of the stalke and are white with a great blacke spot in them and somtimes a browne After which flowers there come vp long coddes great and round soft within frised or cottonlike In the sayd coddes the beanes are inclosed of colour most commonly white sometimes redde or browne in fashion flat almost lyke to the nayle of a mans finger or toe The lesser beane that is vsed to be sowen is like to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues flowers and woolly coddes sauing that in all pointes it is lesser The fruite also is nothing so flat but rounder and smaller The wilde beane hath also a square holow stalke as the garden and sowen beanes haue The leaues be also like to the common beane leaues but the litle stemmes whereon the leaues do growe haue at the very ende tendrelles and claspers as the pease leaues haue The flowers be purple The coddes are flat and woolly within as it were laid with a soft Downe or Cotton but nothing so much as the coddes of the common sowen beanes The fruite is all rounde and very blacke and no bigger then a good pease of a strong vnpleasant sauor and when it is chewed it filleth the mouth full of stinking matter †The Place The domesticall or husbandly beanes do growe in feeldes and gardens where as they be sowen or planted The wilde is to be founde amongst the Herboristes and groweth of his owne kinde in Languedoc †The Tyme They are planted and sowen in Nouember Ianuary February and April and are ripe in Iune and Iuly †The Names Beanes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Dioscorides also Phasioli in Latine Faseli nowe a dayes they be called in Shoppes and commonly Fabae in high and base Almaigne Bonen The great kinde is called in Latine Phaselus maior or Faselus satiuus maior in Douche Groote Boonen in English Great Beanes and garden Beanes The other may be well called Faseli minores that is to say The smaller Beane in Brabant Zeeusche Boonkens and Peerde Boonkens That the common Beane is not that kind of pulse called of the Auncientes Cyamos and Faba hath ben sufficiently declared In Historia nostra The wilde kinde may well be called in Latine Faselus syluestris and Faselus niger that is to say The wilde Beane and the blacke Beane in Douch Wilde Boonen and Swerte Boonen or Moorkens as some do cal them This may well be that Pulse whiche is called Cyamos and Faba †The Nature Greene beanes before they be rype are colde and moyst but when they be drie they haue power to binde and restrayne †The Vertues The greene and vnripe Beanes eaten do loose open the belly very gently but they be windy engender ventosities as Dioscorides saith The which is well knowen of the common sortes of people and therefore they vse to eate their beanes with Commine Drie Beanes do stop binde the belly especially when they be eaten without their huskes or skinnes and they nourishe but litle as Galen saith Beane meale layde to outwardly in manner of a Cataplasme or playster dissolueth tumours and swellinges And is very good for the vlcers and inflammation of womens pappes and against the mishappes and blastings of the genitors The wilde Beane serueth to no vse neither for meate nor medicine That I knowe Of Kidney Beane / or garden Smilax Chap. xix †The Description GArden Smilax hath long and small branches growing very high griping and taking holdfast when they be succoured with rises or long poles about the whiche they wrappe and winde them selues as the Hoppe otherwise they lye flat and creepe on the ground beare no fruite at all The leaues be broade almost like Iuie growing three and three togither as the Trefoil or three leaued grasse The flowers be somtimes white and sometimes red after the flowers there come in their places long coddes which be somtimes crooked and in them lye the sedes or fruit smaller then the common beane and flat fashioned lyke to a kidney of colour somtimes red somtimes yellow somtimes white somtimes blacke sometimes gray speckled with sundrie colours This fruit is good and pleasant to eate in so much that men gather and boyle thē before they be ripe and do eate them coddes and all †The Place In this Countrie men plant this kind of Beanes in gardens they loue good grounde and places that stande well in the Sonne †The Tyme They are planted in Aprill after that the colde and frostes be past for at their first comming vp they can by no meanes at all indure colde They are ripe in August and September ¶ The Names This kinde of Beanes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Faseolus Dolichus and Smilax hortensis The coddes or fruite are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Siliquae and Lobi of Serapio Lubia in Frenche Phaseoles in high Douch Welsch Bonen in base Almaigne Roomsche Boonen in Englishe of Turner it is called Kidney beane and Sperage of some they are called Faselles or Long Peason it may be also named Garden Smilax or Romaine Beanes Phaseolus †The Nature Kidney beanes are somewhat hoate and moyst of Complexion after the opinion of the Arabian Physitions †The Vertues Kidneybeanes do nourishe meetely well and without engendring windinesse as some other pulses do also they do gently loose
and open the belly as Hipocrates and Diocles do write The fruite and Coddes boyled and eaten before they be ripe do prouoke vrine and cause dreames as Dioscorides sayth Of Pease or Peason Chap. xx †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Peason the great the meane the smal the which are lyke one another in stalkes leaues flowers and coddes but not in fruite as ye may perceaue hereafter †The Description THE great branched Peason are not muche knowen in this Countrey They growe when they be stayed vp by rises stakes or other helpes to the length of a man or higher The stalkes be rounde and holowe and somewhat cornered as big as a finger vpon the which at euery knot there growe two leaues very well closed and ioyned togither as if it were but one leafe amongst the leaues growe smal stemmes the which haue foure or fiue grosse or fatte leaues set directly opposite one against another hauing at the ende foure or fiue griping or ramping claspers whereby the Pease doth take holde and is stayed vp and fastened to such thinges as it standeth by Adioyning harde to the stemmes of the leaues aforesayd there growe other naked and bare stemmes vpō the which grow pleasant flowers of blew or purple colour After the sayde flowers there come vp long coddes rounde playne and shining hanging downewardes in which the Peason are couched and layde the whiche beyng yet but greene are rounde and whitishe but when they be drie they are gray and cornered Pisum Great Peason Branche Peason Ochros Eruilia Middle Peason The seconde sorte whiche are the common pease is muche like to the aforesayde but that his leaues and branchie stalkes are smaller neyther do they growe so high although they be stayed vp and succoured with bowes or branches The flowers are most commonly white the fruite is rounde and white and remayneth rounde whan it is drie The thirde whiche is the least kinde is lyke vnto the seconde sauing that it is much smaller in leaues stalkes coddes and fruite It is suffered for the most part to lye vppon the grounde in the feeldes without any stay or helpe of branches or bowes The fruite thereof is lykewise rounde of colour sometimes white sometimes greene and sometimes gray or blackish Besides the aforesayde kindes there is yet a certayne kind of Pease lyke vnto the wilde or least kinde It hath flat stalkes the leaues are long with clasping tendrels at the endes whole beneath next to the stemme but at the toppe of the branches the leaues are clouen and diuided into two or three small narrowe leaues almost lyke the leaues of Cicercula whiche Turner calleth Cicheling The flowers are white after the which flowers there come vp round coddes or huskes lesser then pease-coddes within them groweth the fruite which is rounde lyke vnto Pease sauing it is lesser and in taste bitter while it is yet greene very harde when it is drie †The Place The great and branched Peason are planted in gardens but the midle and least kind are sowen and planted in fruitful feeldes and are very common in this Countrie The Herb oristes do sow the wild kinde in their gardens †The Tyme Men plant them in Marche and Aprill and they be rype in August Eruilia syluestris Wilde Peason †The Names The branche Peason are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pisum in Brabant Groote Erweten Roomsche Erweten and of some Stock Erweten This kinde is the right Pisum described of Plinie and the Auncientes in Englishe Great Peason Garden Peason and Branche Peason bycause as I thinke they must be holpen or stayed vp with branches The two other kindes are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine of Plinie Eruiliae in French Pois in high Douch Erweyssen in base Almaigne Erweten in Italian Rouiglione at Veniz Pisareli in Englishe Common Peason The fourth is very wel like to be a kinde of wilde pease and especially that kinde whereof Hermolaus Barbarus writeth calling it Eruilia syluestris that is to sayde wilde Peason †The Nature and Vertues Branche Peason being eaten do nourish meanely engender windinesse but not so muche as the pulse whiche the Auncientes call Faba The other rounde and common Pease are beter and do nourish better then the great or branched Peason and they do lose and open the belly gently Of the Cicheling or flat Peason Chap. xxi †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cichelinges the great and the small or garden and wilde Cichelinges Lathyrus Cicercula Cicheling or brode Peason Lathyrus syluestris Wilde Cicheling †The Description THe Cicheling or flat pease hath flat and crested stalkes the leaues be long and narrow standing vpward almost like the two eares of a Hare with Clasping tendrelles by the which they take holde by poles and branches that are set by thē The flowers be white lyke the flowers of branche Peason after them come flat coddes large wherein is a white fruite large flat vneuenly cornered hauing almost the sent or smell of the pease The roote is tender and threddy The lesser Cicheling is like to the aforesaid in stalkes leaues coddes The flowers are reddish The fruit is also flat vneuenly cornered as the great kind but it is smaller harder and of a more browne colour drawing towardes blacke There is also founde a wilde kinde of this pulse much lyke to the aforesayd in the flatnesse of the stalkes and in his long and narrowe leaues The whiche in like manner bringeth foorth reddish flowers and afterward narrow coddes wherin is conteyned a small browne seede round and hard The roote is great and thicke of a wooddy substance and dieth not but putteth foorth new euery yere ¶ The Place These pulses are found in this Countrie amōgst some diligent Herboristes The wild groweth in hedges and in the borders of feeldes in good fertill ground and is found in great plentie about Louayne and Brussels †The Tyme These Pulses do flower in Iune and are ripe in Iuly and August †The Names The first and greatest kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lathyrus of Columella and Paladius Cicercula Turner calleth it a Cicheling The seconde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracus in Latine Cicera They are both called in Frenche Des Sars but they haue no Douche name that I knowe yet the Authour of this booke in the last Douche copie by him corrected calleth the first kinde in Douche Platte Erwten that is to say in English Broade or Flat Pease not knowen of the Apothecaries †The Nature and Vertues The first kinde is of nature and qualitie like vnto Pease and doth meanely nourishe the body as Galen saith The seconde is like to the first as witnesseth the same Galen sauing that it is harder for whiche cause it ought to be longer boyled Of Chiche Peason Chap. xxij †The Kyndes There be three kindes of Ciche Peason as Dioscorides writeth
the domestical or tame kinde the square or cornered kinde the which some do cal Arietinum and the wilde Ciche and there be two sortes of that kinde whiche is called Arietinum white and blacke Cicer satiuum Tame Ciches Cicer Arietinum Sheepes Ciches †The Description THe tame Ciche Peason is a smal kinde of pulse almost like to a lentil it hath foure or fiue branches and therevpon small narrowe diuidid leaues not muche vnlyke the leaues of lentilles The flowers grow vpon short stemmes small and somewhat whitishe after the whiche there come vp small rounde huskes or coddes wherein is commonly founde three or foure round Peason hauing a certayne bunch hillock or outgrowing by one side not muche vnlike Sheepes Ciche Peason but a great deale smaller and not so harde and of a better taste Sheepes Ciches haue slender stalkes and harde with many branches and rounde leaues iagged about the brimmes like the lentil or feche growing directly or opposite one against the other the flowers be either white or purple and bring foorth shorte rounde Coddes or huskes bollen or swelling vp like small bladders wherein growe two or three Peason cornered and fashioned almost lyke a sheepes head in colour sometymes white and sometimes blacke The wild Ciche pease in leaues are lyke to the tame but they are of a ranke and strong sauour and the fruite of another fashion as Dioscorides saith vnlike the tame Ciches †The Place These Ciche Peason are founde planted in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme All the Ciches are ripe in August like to the other sortes of pulse †The Names Ciche Peason are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer in Frenche Cices ▪ or Pois Cice. The first kind is called Cicer satiuum Columbinum Venereū and in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orobiaeon that is to say in Latine Cicer eruillum vnknowen in Shoppes This is not Eruum as many at this time do thinke and for that purpose they put it into their triacles and other suche medicines The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer Arietinum that is to say Sheepes Ciche pease in Shoppes Cicer in Englishe Sheepes Cichpeason in French Pois Ciches in high Douch Zysern erweyssen in base Almaigne Ciceren The thirde kinde is called Cicer syluestre that is to say Wilde Ciches †The Nature The Ciche pease is hoate and drie in the first degree †The Vertues The domestical or tame Ciches prouoke vrine and cause milke to encrease in womens brestes it taketh away the euyll colour and causeth good colour to ensue The same boyled with Orobus called in Englishe the bitter Fiche doth asswage and heale the blastinges or swellinges of the yearde or priuie members if it be layde thereon also men vse with great profite to applie it to running sores and vlcers of the head and the scurffe The same mingled with Barley meale and honie is good against corrupt and festred sores and Canckers being layde therevppon Sheepes Ciches do prouoke vrine and vnstoppe the Melt the Liuer and the kidneyes and the decoction thereof drunken breaketh the stone and grauell To conclude the Ciche peason do wast clense and make thinne all cold and grosse humours and are good agaynst all spreading sores and the inflammations and swellinges behinde the eares They do likewise nourish sufficiently but they engender muche windinesse ⧠The Danger The vse of Ciches is not very good for them whiche haue any vlceration in the kidneyes or bladder for they be to much scouring and do cause the vrine to be sharpe Of Lupines Chap. xxiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Lupines the white or garden Lupine and the wild Lupine The wild kind agayne is of sundrie sortes for somtimes you shall see some of them with a yellowe flower sometymes with a blewe flower and sometimes with a reddishe flower Lupinus Satiuus Lupinus syluestris Lupines †The Description THE tame or garden Lupine hath round harde stemmes standing vpright of him selfe without any succour stay or helpe eyther of bowes or branches and after it hath brought foorth his first flowers then it parteth it selfe aboue into three branches which when they haue also brought foorth their flowers euery of the sayde branches doth part and dinide them selues agayne into thrée branches continuing so in flowers parted branches vntill they be hindered by frostes The leaues are cut and slit downe into fiue sixe or seuen partes The flowers do grow many togither at the end or parting of the stalkes after whiche flowers there come in their places long coddes somwhat rough without The fruit is white and flat like a cake in taste very bitter The wilde Lupine hath yellow flowers and is very like to the aforesayd sauing that his leaues and stalkes are much lesse his flowers are not white but yellow and the seede or fruite is not white but spotted The wilde Lupines with the blewe and red flowers are yet lesser then the yellow the fruite is also marked or spotted and it is the least of the Lupines †The Place The Herboristes do plante Lupines in their gardens The wilde with the blewe do growe amongst the corne about Monpellier †The Tyme In warme Countries and hoate seasons the Lupine flowreth three times a yere The first flower commeth foorth about the end of May afterward the three first collaterall branches do spring out the whiche three branches do likewise flower about the beginning of Iuly The sayd collaterall bowes or branches do agayne bring foorth three other branches they do flower in August where as they be well placed in the Sonne The fruite of the first and seconde bloweing doth come to perfect ripenes in this Countrie but the thirde blowing doth hardly come to ripenesse except it chaunce in a very hoate sommer †The Names This kinde of pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Lupinus in Frenche Lupin in English Lupines in high Douche Feigbonen in base Almaigne Lupinen and Vijchboonen The first kinde is called Lupinus satiuus that is to say The manured or garden Lupine The three other sortes are called Wilde Lupines in Latine Lupini syluestres and these be not vsed in medicine †The Nature The garden Lupine is hoate and drie in the seconde degree it hath vertue to digest make subtil and to clense †The Vertues The meale of Lupines taken with hony or els with water and vineger doth kill and driue foorth by siege al kindes of wormes The same vertue hath the decoction of Lupines when it is dronken And for the same purpose men vse to lay Lupines stamped vpon the nauel of young children fasting Men giue the decoction of Lupins boyled with Rue and Pepper to drinke to open the stoppinges of the liuer and melt Apessarie made of Lupins Mirrhe and Hony mingled togither mooueth womens natural sicknesse or flowers and expelleth or deliuereth the dead birth She
also sowen in August and planted againe in Nouember then it closeth or lofeth in Iune Iuly and August and after that time it is good to be eaten †The Names Garden Colewurtes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Brassicae satinae in Shoppes Coles in high Douche ▪ Kolen in base Almaigne Koolen The first kind of white Colewurtes is called in Latine of Plime Brassica Tritiana of the writers in our dayes Brassica sessilis capitata and Imperialis in Frenche Chous cabus in high Douche Kappszkraut in base Almaigne Witte Sluytkoolen Kabuyskoolen in Englishe White Colewurtes Lofed Cabbage and Great rounde Cabbage Cole The second kind is called of Plinie in Latine Brassica Lacuturria in French Chous de Sauoye in base Almaigne Sauoy Koolen The thirde kinde is called in Latine Brassica Pompeiana of the writers in our time Brassica Cypria in Italian Cauliflores in Frenche Chous florys in base Almaigne Bloemkoolen in English Flowrie Cole or Cypres Colewurtes The fourth kinde is nowe called Rapae Caulis that is to say Rape Cole in Frenche Chou Naueau in base Almaigne Raepkoolen The fifth kinde is called Caulis nigra in Italian Nigre Caules that is to say Blacke Cole in Frenche Chou noir in Douche Swerte Koolen The first kind of the red Cole is called of Cato in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie in Latine Brassica Cumana in Frenche Chous rouges poly in high Douche Breyter roterkolen in base Almaigne Groote roo koolen The second kinde is also called Brassica lacuturria in French Chou cabu rouge in base Almaigne Rooskens and Roode Sluytkoolen The thirde kinde with the iagged leaues is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Brassica Apiana in base Almaigne Ghehackelde koolen that is to say Cole with the iagged leaues The fourth kind of red Cole is called Brassica Sabellica and of such as write in these dayes Brassica crispa in Frenche Chous Crespues in high Douche Krauser kol in base Almaigne Ghecronckelde koolen in Englishe Wrinckled or russed Cole The fifth and smallest is called in high Douche Kleinder kolen that is to say the small and slender Cole in Frenche Petit Chou in base Almaigne Slooren This is the thirde kinde of Colewurtes described by Cato the whiche is properly called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Crambe †The Nature Colewurtes are hoate and drie in the first degree and of a clensing or scouring facultie especially the red kinde †The Vertues The iuyce of Colewurtes taken by it selfe or with Saltpeter softeneth the belly and causeth one to go to the stoole the like propertie hath the first water wherin the Colewurtes haue ben boyled The iuyce of Colewurtes dronken with wine is good against the bitinges of Serpentes The same layde to with the meale of Fenugrek helpeth members troubled with the gowte It doth clense and heale olde rotten sores The same put vp into the nosethrilles purgeth the brayne and head The same mingled with vineger and put warme into the eares is good against deafenesse and against the humming or ringing of the same The same as a pessarie put vp into the natural places of women prouoketh the flowers The same boyled as a Syrupe with hony often licked in is good against hoarsenesse and the cough The decoction or broth of Colewurtes especially of the first kinde and of the very worste or meanest sorte of redde Colewurtes haue all the aforesayde properties the whiche taken eyther alone or with Sugar doth both lightly and gently loose and soften the belly and prouoketh womens natural sicknesse The same broth is also good for all woundes for if they be often washed therewith it doth both mundifie and heale them The young leaues eaten raw with vineger or perboyled do open the belly very gently and cause to make water and are very good also to be eaten of suche as be splenitique The same taken after meate or meale in the same manner do cure dronkennesse and the headache proceeding of the same The same alone or with parched Barley meale are very good to be layde vnto blacke and blewe markes that come of stripes and al other hoate inflammations or swellinges The same leaues sod and layde to with hony are good for consuming and filthy sores The seede of Colewurtes taken in Meade or watered honie doth kyll and expel al sortes of wormes The stalkes burned to asshes and mengled with old swines grease is good to be layde to the olde paynes or ache in the side ⧠The Danger Colewurtes eaten engender grosse and melancholique blood especially the red kinde The white are better to digest and engender more agreeable and better nourishment especially when they haue ben twise boyled Of Wilde Colewurtes Chap. vij †The Description WYlde Colewurtes in leaues and flowers are much lyke to the small Colewortes or that they cal Crambe sauing that his leaues and stalkes be whiter and a litle hearie in taste much bitterer †The Place This Colewurt groweth in high rough places by the sea side as Dioscorides writeth There is muche of it founde in many places of Zealande vpon high bankes cast vp by mans hand ⧠The Names This kinde of Cole is named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some Halmiridia in Latine Brassica syluestris and Brassica rustica that is to say Wilde Colewurtes or Countrie Colewurtes in base Almaigne Zee Koolen and wilde Zee Koolen and of some writers nowe a dayes Caulis marinus and Brassica marina albeit this is not that Brassica marina whereof Dioscorides writeth whiche we haue described alredy in the third part of this worke amongst those kinds of plātes called Windweeds or bindweedes †The Nature This kind of Cole is very hoate and dry of complexion stronger in working then the great Colewurtes Brassica syluestris †The Vertues The wild Cole in operation is lyke to the garden Colewurtes but stronger and more abstersiue or scouring and therefore nought to be vsed in meates The leaues thereof newly gathered and stamped do cure and heale greene woundes and dissolue tumours and swellinges being layde therevpon Of Spinache Chap. viij †The Description SPinache hath a long leafe sharpe pointed of a brownishe or greene colour soft gentle ful of sap and deeply cut with large stittes vpō both sides about the largest parte or neather ende of the leafe The stalke is round and holow within Some of the plantes haue flowers clustering or thick set alongst the stalkes and some bring foorth seede without flowers in thicke heapes or clusters full and plenteous and for the most part prickley †The Place It is sowen in gardens amōgst pot herbes †The Tyme They vse to sow Spinache in March and April and it flowreth and beareth seede within two monethes after the sowing They also vse to sow it in September that continueth all the winter without bearing seede vntil the spring time †The Names This potherbe or rather Salet herbe is
is lyke to the common Broome but not so strong Of Furze or Thorne Broome Chap. ix †The Description THE Furze or prickley Broome hath many twigges or smal branches of a wooddishe substance the whiche in the beginning being yet but young and tender are full of litle greene leaues amongst which grow small thornes the whiche be soft and tender and not very prickley but when as the twigges or branches are aboue one yere old then are they for the most part cleane without leaues and then do their thornes waxe harde and sharpe with cruel prickles Amongst the little small leaues are the flowers of a faynte or pale yellowe colour and in shape and proportion like to Broome flowers but muche smaller after the whiche come small coddes full of rounde reddishe seede The roote is long and plyant The plant whiche the Brabanders do call Gaspeldoren should seeme to be a kinde of thornie Broome the whiche is rough and very full of prickles and bringeth foorth straight springes or shutes of a wooddish substance and without leaues set thicke and ful of long sharpe pinnes or prickles very rough boysteous harde and pricking amongst which growe small yellowe flowers and afterwarde coddes like to the Broome flowers or coddes The rootes be long growing ouerthwartly in the ground and almost as plyant and limmer as the roote of Rest harrow or Cammocke Genistilla Thorne Broome Genista spinosa Furze †The Place Furze or thorne Broome groweth in vntoyled places by the way sides and is founde in in many places of Brabant and Englande The common or great Furze groweth also in the lyke places and is founde in certayne places of Campany Brabant Italy Fraunce Buscaye and Englande †The Time Thorne Broome flowreth in May and Iune At the same time flowreth the common Furze †The Names The firste plante is called of the later writers in Latine Genistella and Genestalla that is to say the small Broome in high Douche Erdtfrymmen of some Klein Streichblumen and Stechende Pfrymmen in base Almaigne Stekende Brem in Englishe Thornebroome And bycause the seconde kind in his flowers cods is like Broome it should therefore seeme to be a prickley and wilde kind of Broome wherfore it may be called in Latine Genista spinosa and Genista fyluestris they call it in Frenche Du ionc marin in base Almaigne Gaspeldoren in Englishe the common Whyn or great Furze This is not Tragacantha that is to say Hirci spina or Paliurus as some do thinke nor yet Nepa or Scorpius †The Nature Furze but especially the leaues are of nature drie and astringent †The Vertues The leaues of Furze boyled in wine or water and dronken do stop the excessiue course of womens flowers and the laske also The seede dronken in wine is good against the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes Of Cammocke / Reste Harrow / or Pety Whyn Chap. x. †The Description CAmmocke or ground Furze hath many small lythey or weake branches set full of swarte greene and roundish leaues and sharpe stiffe prickley thornes amongst whiche are sweete smelling flowers lyke Pease flowers or blowinges most commonly of a purple or carnatiō colour somtimes all white and sometimes yellowe lyke Broome flowers but that it is very seldome seene or found after the flowers come small coddes or huskes ful of brode flat seede The roote is long and very limmer spreading his brāches both large and long vnder the earth and doth oftentimes let hinder staye both the plough and Oxen in toyling the ground for they be so tough and limmer that the share colter of the plough cannot easily diuide and cut them asunder †The Place Cammocke or ground Furze is found in some places of Brabant and England about the borders of fertill feeldes and good pastures †The Tyme It flowreth most commonly in Iune Anonis †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anonis Ononis of the later writers Arrestabouis Restabouis Remora aratri of some also Acutella of Cratenas Aegopyros in Frēch Arreste beuf in high Douch Hawhechel Ochsenbrech and Stalkraut in base Almaigne Prangwortel Stalcruyt in Englishe Rest Harrow Cammocke Whyn Pety Whyn or ground Furze †The Nature The roote of Rest Harrow is drie in the third degree and somwhat hoate †The Vertues The barke of the roote taken with hony prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone The decoction or broth of the same sodde in wine and dronken hath the same vertue The same broth boyled in hony and vineger is good to be dronken against the falling euill as Plinie writeth The same boyled in water and vineger and holden in the mouth whyles it is is warme cureth the tooth ache The tender springes and croppes before they bring foorth leaues preserued and kept in brine or salt are good to be eatē in salades for they prouoke vrine and bring foorth the stone and grauell being sometimes vsed to be eaten Of Whortes and Whortelberies Chap. xi ¶ The Kindes There be two sortes of Whortes and Whortel beries wherof the common sort are blacke and the other are red Vacinia rubra Red Whortes Vacinia nigra Blacke Whortes †The Description THE plant which bringeth foorth blacke Whortes is base and lowe of a wooddish substance bringing forth many branches of the length of a foote or somwhat more the leaues be round of a darke greene colour lyke to the leaues of Boxe or Myrtel the which at the comming of winter do fall away as the leaues of other trees and at the spring time there come forth agayne new leaues out of the same brāches The flowers be round and holowe open before and grow alongest the branches amongst the leaues The fruite is round greene at the first then red and at the last when it is ripe it is blacke and ful of liquer of a good and pleasant taste The roote is slender long and souple Of this sorte there are founde some that beare white Berries when they be rype howbeit they are but seldome seene The plant that bringeth foorth red wortes in his growing and branches is like to that which beareth the blacke berries or whortes sauing that the leaues be greater and harder almost lyke the leaues of a great boxe bush they abide the winter without falling away or perishing The flowers be of a Carnation colour long and round and do growe in clusters at the toppe of the branches The fruite is red but els not muche vnlyke the other in taste rough and astringent or binding and not altogither so full of liquer as the blacke Whorte The roote is of a wooddy substance and long Amongst these Whortes or Whortel berries we may reckē those which the Germaynes or Almaignes doo call Veenbesien that is to say Marrishe or Fenberries of whiche the stalkes be smal short limmer tender creeping and almost layde flatte vpon the grounde beset and deckt with smal narrow leaues
fashioned almost lyke to the leaues of the commō Thime but smaller the beries grow vpon very smal stemmes at the ende or toppe of the litle branches almost lyke the red Whortes but lōger and greater of colour sometimes all red and sometimes red speckled in taste somewhat rough and astringent Vacinia palustria Marrish Whortes †The Place Whortes growe in certayne woods of Brabant and Englande The blacke are very common and are founde in many places but the red are dayntie and founde but in fewe places Marrishe or Fen Whortes growe in many places of Holland in low moyst places †The Tyme Whortes do blowe in May and their berries be ripe in Iune Fen or Marrishe Whortes are ripe in Iuly and August †The Names The two first fruites are called in some places of Fraunce des Cusins or des Morets in high Douche Heydelbeeren Drumperbeeren and Bruchbeeren in Brabāt Crakebesien Postelbesien Hauerbesien It may very well be called in Latine Vacinia bycause they be little berries in Latine Baccae for as some learned men write the word Vacinium commeth of Baccinium and was deriued of Bacca and without doubt this name agreeth better with them then the name of Myrtilli the whiche some doo call them by yet these berries be not the right Vacinia whereof Virgil writeth saying Alba ligustra cadunt Vacinia nigra leguntur Their true English name is Whortes of some Whortel beries The thirde kinde is called of the Hollanders accordyng to the place of their growing Veenbesien and Veencoren that is to say Marrishe beries or Fenberies and we bycause of the lykenesse betwixt them and the other Whortell beries do cal them in Latine Vacinia palustria that is to say Marrish Whorts and Fenberies for there is none other name knowen vnto vs except it be Samolus of Plinie or Oxoycocron of Valerius Cordus †The Nature Whortes but especially those that be blacke do coole in the second degree somewhat they drie and are astringent Of the lyke temperament are Marrish whortes †The Vertues Whortes and specially those that be blacke eaten raw or stued with suger are good for those that haue hoate and burning feuers and agaynst the heate of the stomacke the inflammation of the liuer and interior partes They stoppe the belly and put away the desire or will to vomit With the iuyce of them especially of the blacke kinde is made a certayne medicine called of the Apothecaries Rob the whiche is good to be holden in the mough against great drieth and thirst in hoate agues and is good for al the purposes whereunto the beries do serue Fen or Marrishe Whortes doo also quenche thirste and are good against hoate feuers or agues and against all euil inflammation or heate of blood and the inwarde partes lyke to the other whortes wherevnto they are much alike in vertue and operation To conclude the blacke and Marrishe Whortes are muche lyke in nature vertue and operation vnto Rybes or the red and beyondsea gooseberies and may be taken and vsed in steede of them Of wilde Rushe / or Sumac Chap. xij Rhus syluestris Plinij Plinies wilde Sumat Gratia Dei quibusdam Hedge Hysope †The Description THis is a lowe shrub or wooddish plant with many browne hard branches vpon whiche grow leaues somewhat long and not much vnlyke the leaues of the greater Boxe tree but longer Amongst the leaued branches come vp other litle branches vpon whiche growe many spokie eares or tuftes ful of many small flowers and after them store of square or cornered seedes clustering togither This seede is of a strong sauour and bitter taste and full of fat and Oylie sap The roote is hard as the roote of Whortes or Whortell plantes We may well ioyne to this that wilde plant which Hierome Bocke calleth Hedge Hysope which bringeth foorth from a wooddish roote slender stalkes spreade abrode vpon the ground couered with litle grayish leaues something rough in fashion lyke to garden Hysope but shorter at the top of whiche plant come foorth flowers fashioned lyke to the flowers of wilde Tansie of colour somtimes a faint yellow and somtimes white after which come vp smal round knoppes or buttons in whiche is founde a yellowe seede †The Place The first plant groweth in Brabant and in many places of the same Countrie about Kempen Hedge Hysope is founde in certayne places of Germanie and Fraunce in wilde vntoyled places and mountaynes †The Time This Rhus flowreth in May and Iune the seede is ripe in Iuly August Hedge Hysope flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first plant is called of the Brabanders Gagel is of some Apothecaries called Myrtus and the seede therof Myrtilli notwithstanding it is not Myrtus Wherefore it is called of some of the later writers Pseudomyrsine and Myrtus Brabantica and in some places of Almaigne they cal it Altsein and Borst some take it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oleagnus of Theophrastus wherevnto it is not very muche lyke but it seemeth to be that kinde of wilde Rhus whiche Plinie speaketh of in the xxiiij Chapter of the xj booke of his excellent worke called the Historie of Nature Hedge Hysope is called in high Douche Heyden Ysop Felde Ysop in base Almaigne Heyden Hysope bycause it groweth in Hedges and wilde places Some do call it in Latine Gratia Dei howbeit it is nothing lyke Gratia Dei or Gratiola whiche is a kinde of the lesse Centaurie set foorth in the thirde part of this Historie Chap. xlij It seemeth to be Selago Plinij Valerius Cordus calleth it Helian themum †The Nature The wilde Rhus or Sumac especially the seede is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Wilde Rhus or Sumac is not vsed in medicine but serueth to be layde in wardrobes and presses to keepe garmentes from mothes Of Kneeholme Chap. xiij †The Description KNeeholme is a lowe wooddishe plante like the wilde Rhus or Sumacke with rounde stalkes ful of branches couered with a brownish thicke barke or rinde set full of blackishe leaues which are thicke and prickley nothing differing frō the leaues of a myrtel tree or the smaller Boxe sauing that eache leafe hath a sharpe prickle in the toppe The fruite groweth in the middle vpon the leaues the whiche is faire and red when it is rype with a harde seede or kernell within The roote is white and single †The Place Kneeholme groweth in Italy Languedoc and Bourgoyn in some places of England as in Essex Kent Barkeshire and Hamshire in many places it is planted in gardens †The Tyme This plant keepeth his leaues both winter and sommer and in Italy and such lyke places where as it groweth of his owne accorde it bringeth foorth his fruit in August but in this Countrie it beareth no fruite †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ruscum Ruscus Myrtus syluestris and Scopa Regia as Marcellus
hoate decoction of the leaues and tender branches of Tamarisk boyled in wine The decoction of the leaues made in water doth stay the superfluous course of womens flowers if they sit or bath in the same whiles it is hoate The same decoction made with the young shutes and leaues killeth the lice and nittes if the place whereas they be be washed therewithal The fruite of the great Tamarisk is good against the spetting of blood the superfluous course of womens flowers against the laske and bitinges of venemous beastes They vse this fruite in steede of Galles in medicines that are made for the disease of the mouth and eyes The barke of Tamarisk is of the same vertue as the fruite and is good to stoppe laskes and all issue of blood Of Heath Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere is in this Countrie two kindes of Heath one whiche beareth his flowers alongst the stemmes and is called lōg Heath The other bearing his flowers in tutteys or tuftes at the toppes of the branches the whiche is called smal Heath †The Description HEath is a wooddish plant ful of branches not much vnlyke the lesser Tamarisk but much smaller tenderer and lower it hath very small iagged leaues not much vnlyke the leaues of garden Cypres which is our Lauender Cotton but browner and harder The flowers be lyke smal knoppes or buttons parted in foure of a fayre carnation colour and sometimes but very seldome white growing alongst the branches from the middle vpwarde euen to the top The rootes be long and wooddishe and of a darke red colour The second kind of Heath is also a litle base plant with many litle twigges or small slender shutes comming from the roote of a reddishe browne colour Erica Heath Erica altera Smal Heath with very smal leaues in fashion not vnlike the leaues of common Thyme but muche smaller and tenderer the flowers growe at the toppe of the strigges or twigges fiue or sixe in a company togither hanging downewardes of colour Carnation and red of making long and rounde hollowe within and open at the ende lyke a litle tonnell smaller then a Cornell which is the fruite of a Cornell tree The roote is tender and creeping alongst and putteth foorth in diuers places many newe twigges or strigges †The Place Heath groweth vpon mountaynes that be drie hungrie and barren and in playnes wooddes and wildernesse †The Tyme The first kinde of Heath flowreth both at the beginning and the end of sommer vntyl September The seconde kinde flowreth about midsommer ⧠The Names Heath Hather and Lyng is called in high and base Almaigne Heyden and is thought of the later writers to be that plant which Dioscorides calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Erice and Erica The smaller kinde also without doubt is a Heath and therfore it may truely be called in Latine Erica altera in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature Both kindes of Heath haue a manifest and euident drynesse †The Vertues The iuyce of the leaues of Heath dropped into the eyes doth heale the paine of the same taketh away the rednesse and strengthneth the sight If Heath be the true Erica of Dioscorides the flowers and leaues thereof are good to be layed vpon the bitinges and stingings of Serpentes and such lyke venemous beastes The learned Matthiolus in his Commentaries vppon Dioscorides lib. j. doubteth not of this plant but that it is Erica of Dioscorides wherevnto he hath set two other figures of strange Heath sent vnto him by one Gabriel Falloppius a learned Physition Moreouer he commendeth muche the decoction of our common Heath made with fayre water to be dronkē warme both morning and euening in the quantitie of fiue vnces three houres before meate agaynst the stone in the bladder so that it be vsed by the space of thirtie dayes but at the last the patient must enter into a bath made of the decoction of Heath whiles he is in the said bath he must sit vpon some of the Heath that made the foresayde bath the which bath must be oftentimes repeted and vsed for by the vse of the sayd bath and diet or decoction he hath knowen many to be holpen so that the stone hath come from them in very small peeces Also Turner sayth that for the diseases of the milte it were better to vse the barkes of Heath in steede of Tamarisk then the barke of Quickbeme Tur. li. 1. fol. 210. li. 2. fol 59. Of Cotton or Bombace Chap. xvij †The Description THis plant is but a shrub or low tree that groweth not very high the leaues be brode with deepe cuttes or slittes smaller then vine leaues but els somwhat lyke The flowers be yellowe and somewhat purple in the middes iagged about the edges The fruite is almost lyke to Fylbeardes brode and flat and full of fayre white cotton or the downe that we call Bombace in whiche the seede lyeth hydden †The Place Cotton tree groweth in Egypt and the Indias and is planted in Candie Maltha and other suche Countries †The Names Cotton is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and also in Latine Xylum and Gossipium in shoppes Cotum Bombax and Bombasum in high Douche Baumwol in base Almaigne Boomwolle †The Nature The seede of Cotton is hoate and moyst as Serapio saith Xylon †The Vertues The seede of Cotton swageth the cough and is good agaynst all colde diseases of the breast augmenteth naturall strength and encreaseth the seede of generation Of Capers Chap. xviij †The Description THE Caper is a prickley plant or bush almost lyke the Bramble with many shutes or brāches spread abrode stretched alongst the grounde vppon whiche do grow hard sharpe and crooked prickles with blackishe rounde leaues standing one against another not muche vnlyke the leaues of Asarabacca or folefoote or the leaues of a Quince tree as Dioscorides saith but muche rounder Amōgst the leaues spring vp smal knops or buds the whiche do open into faire starrelyke flowers of a pleasant smell or sauour afterwardes commeth the fruite whiche is long round smaller then an Olyue hath in it smal cornes or kernelles lyke to them in the Pomgranate as Turner saith The roote is long and wooddishe couered with a white thicke barke or rinde whereof they vse in Physicke Capparis †The Place Capers growe in rough vntoyled places in stony sandy grounde and in hedges and it groweth plentifully in Spayne Italy Arabia and other such hoate Countries it groweth not in this Countrie but the fruite and flowers are knowen vnto vs bycause they be brought to vs from Spayne preserued in bryne or salt ⧠The Names Capers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Capparis of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cynosbatos that is to say in Latine Rubus Canis and Sentis Canis in high Douche Capperen in base Almaigne Cappers ¶ The Nature The Capers that grow in
the time of the riping of Peares for the taste doth best declare and giue notice of the qualitities and temperature of Peares †The Description THE Pearetree is as great or greater thē the Apple tree and higher with a great body or stemme and manye great branches the which for the most parte doo shute or mount vpright not one ouer another as the branches of the Apple tree The leaues be roundish smoth and very greene aboue but vnderneath most commonly they be whitish The fruite for the most part is long brode beneath and narrowe and sharpe vpwarde towardes the stemme very diuers or cōtrary in colour quantitie proportion and taste as is abouesayde In the middle of the fruite there is a coare with kernels or peppins lyke as in the middest of the Apples †The Place The Peare tree is planted in gardens and Orchardes also it groweth sometimes in woods wild vntoyled places but they be none otherwyse esteemed but as wildings or wild hedge Peares Pirus The Peare tree †The Tyme The Pearetree flowreth in Aprill or May and the fruite is ripe in sommer and Autumne ⧠The Names The Pearetree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pirus in Frenche Vng Poirier in high Douch Byrbaum in base Almaigne Peerboom The fruite is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Pira or as some do write Pyra in French Poyres ▪ in high Douch Byren in base Almaigne Peeren in English Peares ¶ The Nature All kindes of Peares are of a colde temperature and the most part of them be drie and binding but not all alyke for the wilde Peares and others that be rough binding and chokely do drie stop a great deale more then the others The sweete grouse Peares are moystier and very litle astringent or nothing at all The middle sorte of Peares whiche are betwixt sweete and sower are of complexion or temperature nearest to them vnto whom their taste draweth nearest The Pearetree leaues are colde of complexion drie and astringent as Galen saith †The Vertues Peares taken before meate do nourish but litle yet they nourish more then Apples especially those that be grouse and sweete The sower rough and chokely Peares and others that are not waterie to be eaten rawe or backte before meale do stop the common laske or flowing of the belly and do fortifie and strengthen the mouth of the stomacke They be also good to be laide to the beginnings of hoate tumours or phlegmons and greene woundes The leaues are good for the same purpose for they close togither and heale newe woundes Of the Medler tree Chap. xliij †The Kyndes DIoscorides setteth foorth two kindes of Medlars The first kind growing vpon thornes The second kinde is our common Medlars the which also be of two sortes for some be small and some great but in fashiō both lyke and therefore some take them but for one kinde †The Description THE firste kinde is a thornie tree with prickles and leaues not muche vnlyke the hawthorne The fruite of this plante is small and rounde and as Dioscorides saith it hath three kernelles or stones in it and they growe in clusters fine or sixe or more togither The common Medler is a tree in some places not altogither without prickles growing almost lyke to the other trees The leaues be somewhat long and narrowe lesser then the leaues of the Apple tree nothing at all dented or snipt about the edges The flowers be white and parted into fiue leaues After the flowers groweth the fruite whiche is of a browne russet colour of a rounde proportion and somewhat broade or flat of this kinde one is smal the other great yet they be alwayes lesser then Apples with a great broade nauel or Crowne at the toppe or ende in the middle of the same fruite are fiue flatte stones the whiche be the seede thereof †The Place The first kinde of Medler called Aronia hath bene seene growing at Naples by the learned and famous Matthiolus and is yet vnknowen to vs. The common Medler is planted in gardens and Orchardes delighteth to growe in rough vntoyled places about hedges and bushes †The Tyme Our common Medlers doo flower in Aprill and May and are ripe at the ende of September †The Names The Medler is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mespilus in high Douch Nespelbaum in base Almaigne Mispelboom in Frenche Nefflier Mespilus Aronia The Neapolitan Medler Mespilus altera The common Medlers The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Mespilum in Englishe a Medle or an open arsse in French Neffle in Douch Nespel in neather Douchlande Mispele The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aronia and Trigrania at Naples Azaerolo we may call it also Azarola the three grayne Medler or the Neapolitan Medler The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epimelis and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sitanium or as some write Setanium The biggest of this late recited kinde is called in English a great Medler or the garden Medler in French Neffle cultiuée in Brabant Pote Mispelen †The Nature Medlers be colde drie and astringent The leaues of the Medler tree be of the same nature †The Vertues Medlers do stoppe the belly especially being yet greene and harde for after they haue bene a while kept so that they become soft and tender they doo not stoppe so muche but then they are more conuenient to be eaten yet they nourish but litle or nothing at all The Medler stones made into powder and dronken doo breake the stone and expulse grauel as Antony Musa writeth Matthiolus Mizalde do intreate more largely of the vertues of this fruit Of the Mulberie tree Chap. xliiij †The Description THE Mulberie tree is great and large spreading his branches into breadth and lēgth his leaues be greene large snipt about the edges after the maner of a sawe The flower is smal with a fine hoare or soft cotton The fruite consisteth of many beries growing togither like the fruite of the Bramble but it is larger and longer of colour white at the beginning after redde and at the last blacke of a winishe taste The rootes be yellowishe especially the barkes of them whiche be also bitter in taste †The Place The Mulberie tree reioyceth in the garden soyle and other hoate and fat manured places †The Tyme The Mulberie tree bringeth foorth his newe leaues in May a long time after other trees And therefore it is called in the fayning of Poetes the wisest of al other trees for this tree only amongst al others bringeth foorth his leaues after the colde frostes be past so that by meanes therof it is not hurt or hindered as other trees be Morus Mulberies ⧠The Names The Mulberie tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Morus in some Shoppes Morus Celsi in
and shorte browner and harder then the leaues of the blacke Popler deepely indented round about the edges the sayde leaues doo hang by a long but a very small slender stemme whiche is the cause of their continual shaking and noysome clatter †The Place These trees do growe in low moyst places as in medowes and neare vnto diches standing waters and riuers †The Tyme The tagglettes or Catkens of the Popler do come foorth about the ende of Marche and Aprill and then ye must gather the buddes to make Vnguentum Populeon †The Names The white Popler is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Populusalba and of some Farfarus in Englishe White Popler or Pepler in Frenche Aubeau in high Douche Pappelbaum Weiszalberbaum Weisz Popelweyden in base Almaigne Abeelboomē of some ignorāt people in Latine Abies that very erroniously for Abies is that Pineappie tree whereof we shal declare hereafter The seconde Popler is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Populus nigra in Englishe Blacke Popler in Frenche Peuplier in high Douche Aspen and Popelweiden in base Almaigne Populier and Popelaere The thirde Popler is called of Plinie Populus Lybica in French Tremble in base Almaigne Rateleer in English Aspe †The Nature The leaues and barke of Popler are temperate in heate and cold neuerthelesse they be somewhat drie and abstersiue or clensing The buds of the blacke Popler are hoate and drie in the first degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The barke of the white Popler boyled in wine prouoketh vrine helpeth the strangurie and them that haue the Sciatica and payne in the hippe The iuyce of the leaues swageth the payne of the eares healeth the vlcers of the same to be dropped in The leaues and young buddes of blacke Popler doo swage the payne of the gowte in the handes and feete being smal pounde and layde therevpon The oyntment that is made of the buds is good against al inflammations and against all bruses squattes and falles and against swellinges to be layde therevpon Of the Elme Chap. lxxij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Elme as Theophrastus and Columella haue written the one groweth in feeldes and the other on mountaynes †The Description THE first kinde of Elme is a great high tree with many branches spread abrode at large The timber therof is hard brownishe sinewie vneasie to cleeue The leaues be broade and wrinckled somewhat snipt or cut about the edges vpon the which there growe oftentimes certayne bladders or blisters wherin is found a certayne slimie and clammie liquor in whiche most commōly there be smal wormes but when the said liquor doth remayne about the end of sommer you shal find it hardened by the force of the Sonne euen lyke gumme The seede of the Elme is broade rounde flat smooth soft not muche vnlyke Arache seede but greater The roote spreadeth far and brode this kinde is very common in this Countrie Vlmus The seconde kinde of Elme is not muche vnlyke the aforesayd in leaues timber but it groweth much higher without spreading his branches so farre abroade and it bringeth foorth seede very seldome The leaues of this kind be more desyzed and better lyked of cattell to feede vpon then the leaues of the first kinde Bysides these two sortes of Elme there are founde other trees drawing somewhat towardes the Elme the which also doo waxe great and high their timber is very tough hard and therefore it is much vsed to make wheeles mylles poullies and such other instruments engins for the carriage of great waightes and burthens The leaues be likewise wrincled and somwhat snypt and toothed round about much longer and narrower than the leaues of the other of a faint greene colour vpon the contrarie syde euen pollished shining and of a good smel when they are drie vppon these leaues there neuer growe and blisters or bladders neither will the cattell so willingly eate of them as they will doo of the Elme leaues The seede of these is almost like the seede of the Elmes †The Place The first kinde groweth in lowe champion and plaine feeldes and delighteth the good fertill grounde is founde planted in diuers places of England and Brabant by the high wayes and feeldes The second kind loueth the hilles and mountaynes yet you shal see some of it in West flaunder gardens which is compassed round with this kind of Elme planted in ranges in very good order The third kind groweth plentifully in woods as in the wood Soignie and in other places alongst the feeldes †The Tyme The seede of the Elme groweth and afterwarde falleth about the ende of Aprill when the leaues beginne to spring †The Names The Elme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vlmus in English an Elme tree in high Douche Rustholtz Rustbaum Vlmenbaum Lindbast Yffenholtz in base Almaigne Olmboom in Frenche Ormee The first kinde is called of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Vlmus of Plinie Vlmus palustris of Columella Vlmus vernacula and Vlmus nostras that is to say the Elme of Italie and our common Elme The second is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Montiulmus of Columella Atinia and Vlmus Gallica in Picardie Artois Ypreau The seede of the Elme is called in Latine Samera The wormes that engender in the bladders or blisters of the Elme leaues with the liquor that is conteined in the same are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cnipes in Latine Culices and Muliones The liquor is called of the later writers Gummi vlmi that is to say The gumme of the Elme The third tree is called in of Theophrastus in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Colytea this should seeme to be Vlmus syluestris wherof Plinie maketh mentiō in French Hestre it may be called also in Frenche Orme sauuage it is called in high Douche Hanbuchen and Bucheschern in base Almaigne Herseleer and in some places Herenteer I thinke this not to be the right Opulus but the very tree whiche we cal Witche and Witche Hassel in Frenche Opier is the best kind of Elme to ioyne vines vnto bycause his branches be faire and large of a goodly length but not so thicke Reade more of Opier in the lxxx Chapter of this booke †The Nature The leaues and barke of Elme are somewhat hoate and astringent The liquor that is found in the bladders that grow vpon the leaues is dry and of a clensing and scowring nature †The Vertues Elme leaues do cure and heale greene woundes being wel brused layde thervpon the inner barke hath the lyke vertue if it be bounde to the woundes as a swadling bande The broth of Elme leaues or of the barke or roote as Dioscorides saith is good to bath and soke the armes and legges that be broken and brused for it speedyly healeth broken bones
The leaues pounde with vineger laid to is good for the lepry scuruines The waight of an ounce of the vtter barke takē with wine or water putteth foorth colde fleme and looseth the belly The liquor that is founde in the leaues doth beautifie the skinne the face and scoureth away all spottes freckles pimples and spreading tetters if it be layde thereto Also it healeth greene and fresh woundes if it be powred in as the writers in these dayes haue founde by experience The leaues of Elme are good fodder for rother cattell as Theophrastus and Columella write Of the Linden tree Chap. lxxiij †The Kindes THeophrastus describeth two sortes of Linden tree that is the male and female They are both to be found in this Countrie but the female is most common and better knowen †The Description THE common Linden tree whiche is the female Tilia waxeth great and thicke spreading foorth his branches long and large and yeelding a great shadowe when the Sonne shineth the barke is brownishe without smooth and playne but next to the timber it is white moyst and tough and will easily be wrested turned and twisted euery way wherfore it is the very stuffe wherof they make these cordes or halters of Barkes The timber is whitish playne and without knottes and very soft and gentle to handle and therefore the coales that be made of this wood are good to make gōpowder The leaues be very greene and large somewhat toothed or a little snipt rounde about the edges otherwayes not muche vnlyke to Iuie leaues The small flowers be whitishe and of a good sauour many hanging togither from out of the middle of a litle narrow white leafe The fruite is none other but litle round beries or pellettes growing togither in little clusters like to Iuie beries in whiche is conteyned a small round seede which is blackish and falleth out when the small pellettes or buttons do open and are rype Tilia foemina The female Linden tree The seconde kinde of Lynden tree whiche is the male called Tilia mas groweth also great and thicke and spreadeth abrode lyke the other Linden the barke whereof is also tough and plyant and serueth to make cordes halters but it is rougher thicker and britteler grayishe about the smal branches but whiter then the barkes of the common Linden tree yet not so white as the branches of Elme The timber of this Linden is muche harder more knottie yellower then the timber of the other much like the timber or wood of Elme the leaues be broade not playne nor euen but rough and a little cut about the edges very lyke to Elmen leaues sauing that vpon them there neuer growe any smal bladders This tree bringeth foorth fruite very seldome and therefore some iudge it as barren it bringeth foorth for his fruite many things lyke to round flat huskes clustering togither hauing a certayne clift or chinke at the end much lyke in proportion and quantitie to the huskes of the right Thlaspie described in the fifth booke and lxij Chapter wherof eche hangeth alone vpon a stemme by it selfe †The Place The Linden tree loueth a good conuenient soyle and it groweth lyghtly where as it is planted One kinde of Linden groweth by Colchester in Essex in the parke of one maister Bogges †The Tyme It flowreth in May and the fruite is ripe at the ende of August †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tilia in Englishe Linden in Frenche Tillen or Tillet in high Douche Linden and Lindenbaum in base Almaigne Linde and Lindeboom The first is called in Latine Tilia foemina that is to say the female Lynden The seconde is called Tilia mas that is the male Lynden some call it in Frenche Hestre and in base Almaigne Ypelijne †The Nature The barke and leaues of Linden are of temperate heate and somewhat drying and astringent almost in complexion lyke to the Elme ⧠The Vertues The broth of the leaues of Lynden sodde in water cureth the noughtie vlcers and blisters of the mouthes of young children if they be washed therewithall The leaues pounde or brused with water are godd to be layde to the swelling of the feete The barke of Lynden pounde with vineger cureth the noughtie white scurffe and suche lyke euilfauoured spreading scabbes as Plinie writeth Of the Plane tree Chap. lxxiiij Platanus The Plane tree Aceris species folio maiori A kind of Maple with the greater leafe †The Description THE Plane is a strange tree the whiche in time past hath bene of great estimation in Italie and Rome In so much that ye may finde it written howe they haue bedewed or watered it with wine It groweth grear and high and spreadeth his branches and boughes very broade wyde the leaues be large muche like in figure to the leaues of the vine hanging by long reddish stemmes The flowers be small and growe in little tuffetes The fruite is rounde rough and somewhat woolly of the quantitie of a Filberde There is founde in the Alpes in Almaigne and some places of Brabant a certayne tree much lyke to the Plane tree It hath brode leaues lyke the vine hanging by long smal and red stemmes but the flowers and fruite of this tree are nothing lyke the flowers and fruite of the Plane tree but lyke the flowers and fruit of Maple wherof this is a kind which shal be described in the lxxxj Chapter of this booke †The Place The Plane tree groweth in many places of Greece it is also to be founde planted in certayne places of Italie it is vnknowen in this Countrie The tree whiche beareth leaues lyke the Plane is founde vpon high mountaines in some places of Douchland and Brabant and alongst the feeldes but very seldome and there is here and there a tree of it planted in Englande †The Tyme The Plane tree flowreth about the ende of March so doth the other also †The Names The Plane tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Platanus in Frenche Platane The tree that is lyke vnto it is called in English the Plane tree in Frenche Plane in high Douche Ahorne and Waldeschern But it is not Platanus but a kinde of Maple and it shoulde seeme to be that kinde whith is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Carpinus Yet the figure which Matthiolus hath giuen vs for Carpinus is more like to a kind of Witch Hassel Carpinus ab Acere distat quod Aceri candida atque neruata materia Carpino autem flaua crispaque Theo. ca. 11. li. 3. †The Nature The Plane tree leaues are partakers of some colde and moysture The barke and fruit are more drying †The Vertues The fruite of the Plane tree dronken with wine helpeth them that are bitten of Serpentes The same broken and mingled with grease and layde to healeth the burninges with fire The Barke sodden in vineger is
smal and lowe lyke the other The leaues of this kind are not prickley but somwhat round mossie at the endes almost lyke to the leaues of Tamariske and Sauin The fruite of this kinde also is rounde beries greene at the first afterwarde yellow and at last reddishe in taste bitter †The Place The great Cedar groweth in Africa and Syria and as Vitruuius reporteth also in Candie vppon the high mountaynes and places that be colde and moyst whiche are commonly couered with snowe as vppon the mountaynes Libanus Amanus and Taurus as Belon writeth The seconde groweth in Phoenicia and certaine places of Italie especially in Calabria vpon the mount Garganus and also in Languedoc The third groweth in Lycia and is found in certayne places of Fraunce as in Prouince and Languedoc †The Tyme The great Cedar tree bringeth foorth fruite of two yeres groth and it is neuer without fruite whiche is ripe at the beginning af winter The small Cedar trees be alwayes greene and loden with fruite hauing at all times vpon them of fruite both ripe and vnripe lyke to Iuniper †The Names Cedar is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cedrus in Englishe Cedre and Cedar in Frenche Cedre in Douche Cederboom The great Cedar is called of Plinie in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cedrus maior and Cedrus Conifera in Frenche Grand Cedre The liquer that floweth out of this tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Cedria and liquor Cedrinus of Auicen Serbin of Serapio Kitran with this liquor in olde time they dyd vse to enbaulme the bodyes of dead men the whiche at this time is taken out of the graues or Sepulchres and Solde in Shops in steede of Mumia not without great and manifest errour For that whiche the Arabians do cal Mumia is called in Greeke Pissasphaltos The first smal Cedar is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acuta Cedrus Cedrus Phoenicia Oxycedrus and Cedrula in Frenche Petit Cedre The seconde small Cedar is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cedrus Lycia and in Prouince as Peter Belon writeth Moruenic †The Nature The Cedar is hoate and drie in the third degree The liquor Cedria which runneth foorth of the great Cedar tree is almost whoate in the fourth degree and of subtil partes The fruite of the small Cedar is also hoate and drie but not so greatly †The Vertues Cedria that is the liquor of Cedar swageth the tooth ache being put into the holownesse of the same Also it cleareth the sight and taketh away the spots and scarres in the eyes being layde therevpon The same dropped into the eares with vineger killeth the wormes of the same and with the wine of the decoction of Hysope it cureth the noyse and ringing in the eares and causeth the hearing to be good The Egyptians in times past kept their dead bodyes with Cedria for it kepeth the same whole and preserueth them from corruption but it consumeth and corrupteth liuing flesh It kylleth Lyce and all suche vermine wherefore whatsoeuer is annoynted with the same Mothes Wormes and such other vermine shal not hurt it at all The fruite of the same Cedar is good to be eaten against the strangurie it prouoketh vrine and bringeth downe womens naturall sicknesse Of Sauine Chap. lxxxiiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Sauine one with leaues much like Tamariske the other lyke to the leaues of Cypres †The Description THE Sauin tree that is knowen in this Countrie groweth in maner of a small lowe shrubbe or tree the stemme is sometimes as bigge as ones arme the whiche diuideth it selfe into many branches lightly spreading it selfe into length and breadth those branches are diuided againe into other small branches the which be yet againe parted into smal greene twigges or slender brushes set full of small leaues almost like to Tamariske but thicker and more prickley remayning euer greene both winter and sommer and of a rancke smell The fruite is small blacke beries not much vnlyke to Iuniper beries The other kinde of Sauine which is like to Cypres groweth to a competent height and quantitie with a stemme greater then Cypres It hath many branches spread abrode The leaues be like Cypres The fruit is round beries greene at the first and afterwarde blacke Sabina Sauin †The Place The first kinde of Sauin is founde planted in some gardens of this Countrie The second kind groweth in lesser Asia in the Greece it is seldome found in this Countrie †The Tyme The fruite of the Sauin tree is ripe at the beginning of winter ⧠The Names The first tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sabina in Shoppes Sauina of some Sauimera in English Sauin in Frenche Sauinier in high Douch Seuenbaum in base Almaigne Sauelboom The seconde is also called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ▪ and Sabina and of Plinie Cupressus cretica it should seeme to be the tree which Theophrastus calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thuia vel Thuium and Plinie Bruthes or Bruta as Peter Belon hath very wel left in writing †The Nature The leaues of Sauin which are most vsed in medicine are hoate and drie in the thirde degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The leaues of Sauin boyled in wine and dronken prouoke vrine and driue it foorth so mightily that the blood doth folowe it mooueth the flowers driueth foorth the secondine and the dead birth it hath the like vertue to be receiued vnder in a parfume The leaues pounde layd to with hony cureth vlcers stayeth spreading and eating sores they do scoure and take away all spottes and speckles from the face or body of man They do also cause wartes to fal of which grow about the yarde and other secrete places of man The wood or timber of Sauin is profitably mixt with hoate Oyles and oyntmentes and it may be mixed in steede of Cinamome taking double the waight as witnesseth Galen and Plinie Of the Cypres tree Chap. lxxxv †The Description THE Cypres tree hath a thicke straight long stemme vppon whiche growe many slender branches the whiche do not spread abroade but grow vp in length towardes the toppe so that the Cypres tree is not brode but narrow growing to a great height The barke of the Cypres tree is browne the timber yellowishe harde thicke and close and when it is drie of a pleasant smell especially being set neare the fire The Cypres tree hath no particuler leaues but the branches in steede of leaues bringe foorth short twigges greene and small diuided againe into other smal twigges the which be cut and snipt in many places as if they were set about with many small leaues The fruite is rounde almost as bigge as a prune or plumme the which being ripe doth open in diuers places and hath in it a flat grayishe seede the whiche is muche desyred of
Agrimonia of some Ferraria minor Concordia and Marmorella in Spanish Agramonia in English Agrimonie in French Eupatoire or Aigremoine in high Douch Odermenich Bruchwurtz in base Almaigne Agrimonie of some Leuercruyt that is to say Liuerwurte Eupatorium †The Nature Agrimonie is of fine and subtill partes without any manifest heate it hath power to cut in sunder with some astriction †The Vertues The Decoction or brothe of Agrimonie dronken doth clense and open the stoppings of the liuer and doth strengthen the same is specially good against the weakenesse of the same Agrimonie boyled in wine and dronken helpeth against the bytings of venemous beasts the same boyled in water stoppeth the pissing of bloud The seede therof dronken in wine is singuler against the blouddy flixe and daungerouse laske The leaues of Agrimonie pounde with Swines grease and layde too hoate doth cure and heale olde woundes that are harde to close or drawe to a Scarre Of Bastarde Agrimonie Chap. xl †The Kyndes THere be sundry kindes of herbes called in Latine Hepatica or Iecoraria that is to say Lyuerwurtes whiche are commended and founde good agaynst the diseases of the Lyuer whereof wee shall describe three kindes in this Chapter vnknowen to the old wryters The two first kindes are Bastarde Agrimonie The third is Three leaued Agrimonie or Noble Lyuerwurte Pseudohepatorium mas Bastard Agrimonie the male Pseudohepatorium foemina Bastard Agrimonie female †The Description THe male Bastarde Agrimonie hath a long round stalke full of white pith within at the whiche groweth long blakish leaues somewhat rough and hearie snipte and cut round about almost like the leaues of Hempe and bitter At the toppe of the stalkes groweth many small floures of incarnate colour clustering or growing thicke togither in tuftes the whiche being withered and chaunged into seede it fleeth away with the winde The roote is full of threddy strings The female Bastard Agrimonie hath also a roūd purple stalke about three foote long and full of braunches The leaues be long and dented or snipt round about like the leaues of Hempe or of the other Agrimonie sauing that they be a littell larger At the toppe of the branches and round about the stalke groweth three or foure small leaues growing harde one by an other after the fashion of a starre amongst whiche is a knap or button that bringeth forth a yellow floure intermengled with blacke within whiche being withered is conteyned the seede whiche is long flatte and rough and hangeth vpon garments whan it is rype The leaues of Hepatica are broade and diuided into three partes not much vnlike the leaues of Cockow bread sower Tryfoly or Alleluya but larger Amongst the leaues groweth fayre azured or blew floures euery one growing vpon a single stemme the whiche do change into small bullets or bolyns wherin the feede is conteyned The roote is blacke and full of small hearie strings †The Place The Bastard Agrimonies do grow in moyst places by diches and standing pooles Hepatica groweth not of his owne kinde in this countrey but it is planted in gardens †The Tyme The Bastard Agrimonies do floure in Iuly and August but the Noble or great Lyuerwurt floureth in Marche †The Names The male Bastarde Agrimonie is called in Shoppes Eupatorium and is wrongfully taken of them for the right Agrimonie the which is described in the former chapter The learned mē in these dayes do call it Pseudohepatorium and Eupatorium aquaticum or Adulterinum Of Baptistus Sardo Terzola in highe Douch Kunigundkraut Wasserdost Hirssenclee in base Almaigne Coninghinne cruyt Hertsclaueren and Boelkens cruyt manneken We haue named the second Pseudohepatorium foemina in base Almaigne Boelkens cruyt wijfken it is thought to be that Agrimonie whereof Auicen writeth Chap. ccxliiij and therfore some haue called it Eupatorium Auicennae Hepatica siue Hepaticum Trifolium Noble Lyuerwurt or threeleaued Lyuerwurte The third which is called at this day in Latine Hepatica and of some Herba Trinitatis may be called in English Hepatica Noble Agrimonie or Three leafe Lyuerwurte in French Hepatique in high Douch Leberkraut Edel leuer cruyt We know of none other name except it be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Balaris whereof Hesychius writeth †The Nature The two Bastard Agrimonies are hoate and dry as their bitternesse doth manifestly declare Hepatica doth coole dry and strengthen ⧠The Vertues The male Bastarde Agrimonie boyled in wine or water is singuler good against the old stoppings of the Lyuer and Melte or Splene Also it cureth old feuer tertians being dronken The Decoction thereof dronken healeth all hurtes woundes for whiche purpose it is very excellent and to heale all manner woundes both outwarde and inwarde The female Bastard Agrimonie is of the same operation and is vsed more than the other in wounde drenches The Hepatica or Noble Lyuerwurte is a soueraigne medicine against the heate and inflammation of the Lyuer and all hoate Feuers or agues Of Tornesole Chap. xli †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Heliotropium or Tornesol The one called the great Tornesol and the other the small Tornesol Heliotropium magnum Great Tornesol Heliotropium paruum Small Tornesol †The Description THe great Tornesol hath straight round stalkes couered with a white hearie cotton especially about the toppe The leaues are whitish softe and hearie like veluet and fashioned like Basill leaues The floures be white at the toppe of the stalke growing thicke togither in rewes by one side of the stem the which at the vpper end do bend turne againe like a Scorpiōs tayle or the tayle of a Lobster or riuer Creuis The roote is small and harde The small Tornesol carrieth only but one stem of the length of a foote or somewhat more the which diuideth it self into many branches The leaues be whitishe almost like to the first but somewhat drawing towardes the leaues of the small Clote Burre The floures be yellow and small growing thicke togither and perish or vanish away without the bringing foorth of any fruyte like the floure of Palma Christi The seede is grayishe inclosed in triangled huskes or Coddes like the huskes of Tithymall or Spurge hanging downe vnderneth the leaues by a single stem they come forth without floure for the floure is vnprofitable as is before sayde †The Place The great Tornesol as Ruellius saith groweth in France in frutefull tylled groundes but in this countrey it is onely found in gardens The small Tornesol groweth in lowe sandie and waterie places and is found very plenteously in diuers places of Languedock †The Tyme The Tornesolles do floure about Mydsomer and in Iuly †The Names The great Tornesol is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Heliotropium magnum of the new or late wryters Verrucaria maior and Herba cancri Solaris herba Scorpionis herba and therefore the base Almaignes do call it Creeftcruyt and great Creeftcruyt The small Tornesoll is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
with a decoction thereof made in water It is also good against the Suffocations of the Matrix if you giue it to be eaten or smelt too and it is of like vertue to Castorium as the learned writers of our time haue found out by experience The operation and vertues of the two others are not yet knowen but accordingly as one may iudge they are in facultie not muche vnlike the Camomils sauing that they be altogither feebler Some do write that golden Cotula boyled in wine and dronken is good against the Iaunders and restoreth the good liuely colour whiche is a signe that it is of like vertue vnto Camomill for Camomil worketh the same as we haue declared in the former Chapter Of Passe floure / or fiedde Mathes Chap. xxxi †The Description THis herbe hath thicke greene stalkes and leaues very small cutte and iagged much like bothe in stalkes and leaues and also in smell and sauour vnto Cotula foetida The floure is of a fayre purple red colour of fasshion and making like vnto the golde cup or the floure of Crowfoote whan they are past there come vp roūd rough knops like the knops of Crowfoote but somwhat longer wherein is the seede like to Spinache seede †The Place These fayre pleasant floures grow in some places in the cōmon corne fields as in Prouence and Languedoc and in some places of England in some countries they grow not but in gardens †The Tyme This herbe beginneth to floure in May and remayneth flouring all the Somer Heranthemum forte †The Names The stalkes leaues with the whole herbe that beareth these floures which is like vnto some of the Camomilles in sauour smell and proportion are sufficient enough to proue this herbe to be a kinde of Camomill and especially the thirde kinde called Heranthemum the floures onely whiche are not very like vnto Camomill floures causeth me to doubt For if the floures were like fasshioned vnto Camomill I would without doubte mayntayne this herbe to be the thirde kinde of Camomill which is the true Heranthemum whiche Dioscorides describeth to be greater than the two other kindes to haue a purple floure vnto whiche description this herbe draweth neare sauing only in the fasshion of his floure For the whole plant is greater and higher then Camomill but otherwise very like it and the floures be of a fayre purple red colour But whatsoeuer this herbe is it is better like to be the thirde kinde of Camomill than Consolida regia whiche we call Larckes spurre is or Aster Atticus whiche we call Sharewurte which haue bene both described of some writers for this kinde of Camomill although they were nothing like Camomill neyther in their leaues floures nor smell and they beare not redde floures but blew whiche is against the description of Heranthemum whose floures as it is aboue sayde Dioscorides writeth to be of a red purple colour Wherefore this herbe may better be called Heranthemum then either Larckes spur or Shareworte it may be called in English purple Camomill Redde Mathes and Passe floure it is also called in French Passe fleur the Brabanders call it Bruynettekens Some would haue it to be flos Adonis but their opinion seemeth not to be very likely bycause that Flos Adonis should seeme to be none other then a kind of Anemone †The Temperament The taste and smell of this herbe doth manifestly declare it to be of complexion hoate and drie like the Camomill but chiefly like to Cotula foetida †The Vertues The vertues and operation of this herbe are yet vnknowen vnto vs but if this herbe be Heranthemum it is singuler against the stoone as we haue alreadie written in the xxix Chapter of this Booke Of Buphthalmos / or Oxe eye Chap. xxxij ⧠The Description BUphthalmos is a braue plante with pleasant floures stems of a span or a halfe cubite long it hath three or foure stalkes set with tender leaues very small cut and iagged not muche vnlike vnto Fenell leaues but a great deale smaller and very well like to the leaues of the smal Sothrenwood sauing they be greener The floure is of a fayre bright yellow colour and large with many small thrommes or yellow thredes in the middle almost like to the floures of Marigoldes sauing they be much larger haue not so many small leaues set round about the golden knops or yellow heades The floure perisshed there commeth in steede thereof a rounde knop almost like the sedie knop of Passe floure the roote is blacke very thredie †The Place This herbe as witnesseth Dioscorides groweth in the fieldes without the towne in this countrie the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens Buphthalmum ⧠The Tyme It beareth his floures in Marche and Aprill †The Names This herbe bycause of his floures whiche be of the quantitie and fashion of an Oxe eye is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Buphthalmum Oculus bouis in high Douch Rindszaug Kuaug in base Almaigne Rundsooge and Coeooghe some call it also Cachla Cauta or Caltha This is the right Oxe eye described by Dioscorides In certayne places the Apothecaries do sell and vse the rootes of this plant in steede of the roote of blacke Hellebor and from hence it cōmeth that certaine studious Herboristes haue called this plant Helleborum nigrum and do count it for a very naughtie and vehement plante howbeit that of it selfe it hath not in it any speciall malice or force neither will it prouoke the stoole as some haue proued by experience Therfore some haue called it Helleborine tenuifolia some others call it Helleborastrum or Consiligo wherevnto it is nothing like †The Temperament Buphthalmos or Oxe eye is hoate and dry of a more sharper and cutting nature than Camomill †The Vertues The floures of Buphthalmos pounde and mengled with oyle and waxe layde to colde and harde swellings dissolueth and wasteth the same Some do affirme as witnesseth Dioscorides and Serapio that Buphthalmos or Oxe eye cureth the Iaunders causeth the body to be of good colour if one drinke it boyled in wine after his comming out of a bath Of Goldenfloure / or the wild Marygolde Chap. xxxiij †The Description THis herbe hath rounde smooth stēs diuided into many branches The leaues be long and deepely iagged round about as if they were rent or torne The floures grow at the top of the branches in fasshion like the floures of Camomill but they be a great deale larger and not only yellow like fine gold in the middle but also round about and of a pleasant smell The roote is white and threddie There is yet an other kinde of this herde in all things like to the same as in his stalkes colour floures sauour and fasshion but his leaues be a great deale more deepely cut and iagged euen harde to the middle ribbe or sinew The which I thought good to note to the ende that
are of a very sweete and pleasant sauour The second is somewhat lyke to the aforesayd but his leaues be larger and thicker and they lye strowen or spread vpon the grounde The flowers be also greater and doo stande further apart or asunder one from another of colour somwhat white The round or Bulbus roote also for his quantitie is greater The third his leaues also are longer and broder than the abouesayd much like vnto Leeke blades the stalke of a foote long carying many small holowe flowers growing so thicke about the top that they shewe like a brush or holy-water sprinckle at the first of a faire violet colour but when they beginne to wither of a decayed or olde worne color sometimes but very seldome white Finally the round and bulbus roote of this kind of Hyacinthe is greater and of colour somewhat red or purple without The fourth whiche is called Hyacinthus Autumnalis is the least of these Hyacinthes yea it is lesse then the first it hath litle narrowe small and tender leaues and small slender stemmes of halfe a span long at the whiche growe very smal flowers of a cleare azure or skie colour and fashioned when they are open like litle starres with certayne fine small and short threddes growing in the middest of them The seede is inclosed in a smal triangled huske The roote is smal yet of the fashion of an Onyon or Bulbus The last of al which is described of Fuchsius amongst the Hyacinthes hath sometimes two and sometimes three small leaues amongst whiche there springeth vp a a little stemme bearing fiue or sixe or mo flowers at the very toppe euery one of them growing vpon a small stalke by it selfe eche flower hath sixe smal leaues fashioned lyke a starre when they are spread abrode and open of a skie colour and sometimes white After these folow rounde knoppes wherein the seede is conteyned The rootes are small and Bulbus fashioned like the rest and lyke vnto litle Onyons but lesse †The Place The first kind of these base Hyacinthes do grow in the woods of Artoys that are next to the lowe Countrie of Germanie in moyst wet and lowe groundes and they be also often set and planted in gardens whereof the blew sort is meetely common but the white are geason and rare to be founde Hyacinthus Autumnalis The seconde and thirde do also grow in suche lyke places of Italy and Germanie The fourth sort doth growe in Fraunce especially neare about Paris The fifth is meetely common in Germanie it delighteth most in good fatte groundes but especially in pastures and vntoyled places †The Time The flowers of the first kinde do shewe bytimes as in Marche or before if the weather be milde and surely one kinde of these flowers especially that with the perfect azure or deepe colour putteth foorth his leaues before winter and the rest assoone as winter is gone The seconde and thirde do flower afterwarde The fourth flowreth last of all at the ende of sommer and beginning of Autumne The last flowreth bytimes as in Marche or Februarie †The Names Hyacinthus Fuchsij bifolius Hyacinthus Fuchsij trifolius The seconde is aso in the number Bulborum esculentorum And so is the thirde also whiche seemeth to be Bulbina in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in high Douche it is called Breunling of some Honds Knoblauch in English Dogges Leekes and bushe or tufte Hyacinthe The fourth kinde of bastarde Hyacinthe is nowe called in Latine Hyacinthus Autumnalis in English Autumne Hyacinthe The fifth Hyacinthe described of Fuchsius is called in Douche Mertzelblumen and Hoornungblum in Englishe Our Ladyes flower †The Nature and Vertues These bastarde Hyacinthes are not vsed in medicine and therfore of their nature and vertues is nothing written They are planted in gardens onely for their flowers Of Narcissus Chap. l. †The Kindes FIrst of all there are two very faire and beautifull kindes of Narcissus one with a Crimsin or red purple circle in the middle of the flower the other hauing a yellow circle or as it were a Crownet or cup in the middle of the flower †The Description Narcissus medio purpureus Narcissus with the purple edged circle in the middle Narcissus medio luteus primus Narcissus with the yellowe garlande or crownet in the middle The other Narcissus with the yellow cup or circle in the middle his blades be somewhat longer and broader and not althing so greene as the first his stalkes be longer and thicker and vppon euery of them three or foure flowers lyke vnto the first sauing they be all yellowe in the middle There is also a kinde of Narcissus that is also yellow in the middle and it beareth a great many mo flowers smaller then they before described And also another sorte whiche beareth double flowers Moreouer there be other sortes of Narcissus found whose garland or circle in the middle of the flowers is white but these be very rare and daintie †The Place The two first kindes grow plentifully in diuers places of Fraunce as Burgundie and Languedoc in medowes but in this Countrie they growe not at al sauing in gardens whereas they are so wen or planted †The Tyme Al the Narcissus for the most part do flower in Aprill sauing one of the first kindes is somwhat rather and there is another whiche flowreth not vntill the beginning of May. †The Names These pleasant flowers are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Narcissus of some as witnesseth Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bulbus vomitorius and Anydros vnknowen in shoppes in Englishe Narcissus white Daffodill Primerose pierelesse in high Douch of some Narcissen Roszlin in base Almaigne Narcissen and Spaensche Iennettekens †The cause of the Name These flowers tooke their name of the noble youth Narcissus who being often required and much desyred of many braue Ladies bycause of his passing beautie he regarded them not wherfore being desyrous to be deliuered frō their importunate sutes and requestes he went a hunting and being thirstie came to a fountaine in which when he would haue dronken sawe his owne fauour and passing beautie the whiche before that time he had neuer seene and thinking it had bene one of the amorus Ladyes that loued him he was so rapt with the loue of him self that he desyred to kisse and embrace him self and when he cold not take hold of his owne shadow or figure he dyed at last by extreme force of loue In whose honour and perpetuall remembrance the earth as the Poetes fayne brought foorth this delectable and sweete smelling flower Narcissus medio luteus alter ¶ The Nature Narcissus but especially his roote is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The rooote of Narcissus boyled rosted or otherwayes taken in meate or drinke causeth one to haue a desire to vomite The same pounde with a little honie is good to be layde vnto burninges it cureth the sinewes that be hurt
place where as it is burned no venimous beastes haue power to hurt such as be annoynted with Galbanum and those venimous beastes or SerpeÌ„tes as be touched with Galbanum mingled with oyle and the seede or roote or Spondilium or Angelica it will cause them to dye The parfume of Galbanum doth also helpe wemen that are greeued with the rising or strangling of the mother and them that haue the falling sicknesse and being layde to the nauel it causeth the Matrix or mother that is remoued from his naturall place to settel agâ—yne Galbanum doth mollifie and soften and draweth foorth thornes splinters or shiuers and colde humours and it is good to be layd vpon al colde tumors and swellinges and it is mingled with all oyntmentes oyles and emplaysters that haue power or vertue to warme to digest to dissolue to ripe and breake impostemes and to drawe out thornes and splinters It is good to be layde vpon the stoppinges and hardnesse of the melte and against the payne of the syde The same layde to with vineger and Nitrum taketh away the spottes and freckles of the face and from other partes of body If it be put into the holowe and naughtie tooth it taketh away the ache of the same It is good to be poured into the eares with the oyle of roses or Nardus agaynst the corrupt filth and matter of the same Of Ammoniacum Chap. cxv AMmoniacum is the gumme or liquor of a kinde of Ferula whiche is called Agasyllis as Dioscorides saith growing in the Countrie of Cyrene in Aphrica nigh to the Oracle of Ammon in Lybia whereof it is called Ammoniacum as some thinke The best Ammoniacum as Dioscorides writeth is that whiche is close or firme pure and without shardes splinters or stonie gristels or grauell and without any other baggage intermeddled with the same of a bitter taste drawing towardes the sauour of Castoreum and it is almost lyke the right Frankenesence in small peeces and gobbetes †The Names This gumme is called in Greeke after the name of the Temple of Ammon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ammoniacum in Shoppes Armoniacum and Gummi Armoniacum The best and purest of this gumme or liquor is called Thrausma as Dioscorides saith that is to say Friatura in Latine That which is full of earth and grauell is called Phyrama †The Nature Ammoniacum is hoate in the second degree almost drie in the same degree †The Vertues Ammoniacum taken the waight of a Dram loseth the belly and driueth foorth colde slymie flegme drawing the same to it from partes a farre of also it is good against the shortnesse of breath and for such as are Astmatique and alwayes panting and breathing and against the stoppinges of the breast the falling sicknesse the gowt the payne of the hanche or huckle bone called the Sciatica against the olde head ache and diseases of the brayne the sinewes and extreame partes It doth mundifie and clense the breast it rypeth flegme causeth the same to be easily spet out to be mingled with hony and lickt as a Lohoc or taken with the decoction of hulled Barley It is good against the hardnesse and stopping of the Spleene or Milte it deliuereth the dead Childe and prouoketh vrine but there must be but a little of it taken at once for if it be taken in to great a quantitie or to ofteÌ„ it wil cause one to pisse blood It cureth all swellinges and hardnesse it slaketh the payne of the liuer and Splene being stieped in vineger and spread or layde vpon the place If it be mingled with hony or pitch and layd to it dissolueth harde lumpes or swellinges and taketh away Tophi whiche be harde tumoures engendred of the gowte in the ioyntes and extreme partes it consumeth also all colde tumours and Scirrhus matter being layde vpon And it is very good to be put into al oyntmentes and playsters that are made to chafe and warme to swage payne to soften and drawe It is good to be layde to the Sciatica or gowt of the hippe and vppon all payne and wearinesse of any parte with the oyle of Cyprus and Nitrum Ammoniacum is good to be put into Colyria and all Medicines that are made to cleare the sight medicines that are made to take away the dimnesse and webbe of the eyes Of Euphorbium Chap. xvi FVphorbium is the gumme or teare of a certayne strange plante growing in Lybia on the mount Athlante or Athlas next to the Countrie of Mauritania nowe called Morisco or of the Moores And it was first founde out in the tyme of Iuba king of Lybia the leafe of this plant is long and rounde almost lyke to the fruit of Cucumer but the endes or corners be sharper set about with many prickles which are somtimes fouÌ„d in the gumme it selfe one of those leaues set in the grounde doth increase and multiply diuers The sappe or liquor that commeth foorth of the sayde leaues burneth or scaldeth and straightwayesit congeleth and becommeth thicke and that is the Euphorbium The first Euphorbium is yellowish cleare brittle very sharpe and burning in the mouth and throte freshe and newe not muche elder then a yere for this gomme doth soone lose much of his heate and vertue by age as Galen and Mesue saith Euphorbium †The Place The Euphorbium described of the Auncientes groweth vppon the mount Athlas in the Countrie of Lybia bordering vpon Mauritania it groweth also in Africa and Iudea from whence it hath ben conueyed into certayne places of Spayne Fraunce Italie where as it bringeth foorth neyther floures nor fruit Pena hath seene it growing at Marselles and Monspellier in France where as he saw the floures and tasted of the fruite †The Tyme It putteth vp his leaues in the spring time whereof the first the second and the thirde is the stalke or stem and the rest growe foorth as branches and whan the plant is seuen or eyght yeeres olde it bringeth foorth yellow floures like in proportion to Balaustia and in Autumne the fruit is ripe of colour red and prickley c. †The Names This gumme is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Euphorbium in shoppes Euforbium some call it Carduus Indicus and Ficus Indica that is to say the Thistell or figge of India some take it to be Opuntia Plinij This EuphorbiuÌ„ should seeme to be that wherof Solinus hath made mention in the xxvii Chap. of his Historie wheras he saith Proficere ad oculorum claritatem Et multiplex sanitatis praesidium fore ac non mediocriter percellere vim venenorum It is also the Euphorbium described by Iohn Leo in his African historie †The cause of the Name Iuba king of Lybia was the first finder out of this herbe and named it after the name of his Physition the brother of Musa who was also a Physition to the Emperour Auguste †The Nature Euphorbium is very hoate and drie almost
Thistell seede The roote is great and thicke with many other smal rootes buddes vneueÌ„ly adioyning and couered with a thicke rinde or barke of a browne earthly colour without but most commonly white within is not very stroÌ„g or ranke of sauor whan it is fresh and greene but whan it is drye it is very aromaticall and hath in it a certayne fat and Oylie moysture or substance Helenium The seconde Helenium whereof Dioscorides writeth is vnknowen to vs it hath tender branches creeping alongst the grounde beset with many leaues like the pulse lentilles The roote is whitish thicke as ones little finger large aboue and narrow downewardes †The Place Elecampane delighteth in good fertill soyle as in valleyes and medowes it is also founde in hilles and shadowie wooddes but not commonly in drye groundes It is very common in England Flaunders and Brabant and very well knowen in all places The second groweth in places adioyning to the Sea and vpon litle hilles †The Tyme Elecampane flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is ripe in August The best time to gather the roote is at the ende of September whan it hath lost his stalkes and leaues †The Names This herbe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Inula and Enula in Shoppes Enula Campana of some Panaces chironion or Panaces centaurion in Englishe Elecampane Scabworte and Horseheele in Frenche Enula Campana in Germanie Alantwurtz in base Almaigne Alantwortel and Galantwortel in Italian Enoa and Enola in Spanishe Raiz delalla The seconde kinde is called Helenium Aegyptiacum but yet vnknowen to men of this tyme. †The Nature Elecampane being yet greene hath a superfluous moysture whiche ought first to be consumed before it be occupied But that moysture being dryed vp it is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The decoction of Elecampane dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers and is good for them that are greeued with inwarde burstinges or haue any member drawen togyther or shronke The roote taken with hony in an Electuarie clenseth the brest ripeth tough fleme and maketh it easie to be spet out and is good for the cough and shortnesse of breath The same made in powder and dronke is good agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes and agaynst windinesse and blastinges of inwarde partes A Confiture made of the sayde roote is very wholesome for the stomacke and helpeth digestion The leaues boyled in wine and layde to the place of the Sciatica swageth the payne of the same Of Spicknel Mewe / or Meon Chap. xv Matthiolus figure is almost lyke the first kinde of Libanotidis as Turner and he writeth is called in Douche Bearewortes or Hartes wortes †The Description MEon of Dioscorides is described amongst the rootes wherefore we haue none other knowledge of the fashion of the same but as our Auncientes haue left it vs in writing This haue I sayde to the intent that men may knowe that those herbes which the Apothecaries and others do vse at this day in Physike are not the true Meon whiche we shoulde not tell howe to knowe if that men coulde not finde the fashion and nature of the right Meon described Meon according to Dioscorides is lyke to Dyll in stalkes and leaues but it is thicker and of the heigth of two cubites or three foote The rootes are long small well smelling and chafing or heating the tongue and they are scattering here and there some right and some awry †The Place New groweth plenteously in in Macedonia and Spayne †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine MeuÌ„ in shoppes Mew which do but only keepe the name for the true Meon is yet vnknoweÌ„ but the Apothecaries do vse in the steede therof a kinde of wilde Parcelie the which is described in the fifth part of our history of plantes it hath no agreement or lykenesse with the description of Meon wherfore it can not be Meon †The Nature The roote of Meon is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The rootes of Meum boyled in water or onely soked in water and dronke doth mightily open the stoppinges of the kidneyes bladder they prouoke vrine ease and helpe the strangurie and they consume all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke The same takeÌ„ with hony do appease the paynes and gripinges of the belly are good for the affections of the mother podagres and aches of ioyntes and against al Catarrhes Phlegmes falling down vpon the breast If wemen sit ouer the decoction therof it bringeth downe their sicknesse The same layde vpon the lowest part of the belly of young children wyll cause them to pisse and make water Meum Meon †The Daunger If to muche of the roote of this herbe be dronken it causeth head ache Of Peonie Chap. xvi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Peonie as Dioscorides and the Auncientes write that is to say the male and female †The Description MAle Poeonie hath thicke redde stalkes of a Cubite long the leaues be great and large made of diuers leaues growing or ioyned togither not muche vnlyke the Walnut tree leafe in fashion and greatnesse at the hyghest of the stalke there groweth fayre large red flowers very well lyke red roses hauing also in the middes yellow threddes or heares After the falling away of the leaues there groweth vp great coddes or huskes three or foure togyther the whiche do open whan they be ripe in the opening whereof there is to be seene a faire red coloured lining and a pollished blacke shining seede full of white substance The rootes be white long small and well smelling The female Peonie at his first springing vp hath also his stalkes redde and thicke the leaues be also large and great but diuided into more partes almost like the leaues of Angelica louage or Marche The flowers in like manner be great and red but yet lesser and paler then the flowers of the male kinde The coddes and seede are like the other In these rootes are diuers knobbes or knottes as great as Acornes Yet haue you another kinde of Peonie the which is like the second kinde but his flowers and leaues are much smaller and the stalkes shorter the whiche some call Mayden or Virgin Peonie although it beareth red flowers and seede lyke the other †The Place The kindes of Peonies are founde planted in the gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Peonie flowreth at the beginning of May and deliuereth his seede in Iune †The Names Peonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Poeonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcisida and Idaeus Dactylus of Apuleius Aglaophotis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Herba casta in shoppes Pionia in high Douche Peonien blum PeonieÌ„ rosen Gichtwurtz Runigzblum Pfingstrosen in base Almaigne Pioene and Pioenbloemen and in some places of Flaunders Mastbloemen â€
of a brownishe colour with sundrie knottes and ioyntes from the whiche dependeth long and large leaues like the leaues of spiere or Polereede at the highest of the stalkes growe idle and barren eares whiche bring foorth nothing but the flowers or blossomes which are sometimes browne sometimes redde sometimes yellow and sometimes white agreable with the colour of the fruit which commeth foorth afterwarde The fruitefull eares do growe vppon the sides of the stemmes amongst the leaues the which eares be great and thicke and couered with many leaues so that one cannot see the sayde eares vpon the vppermost part of the sayde eares there grow many long hearie threddes which issue foorth at the endes or pointes of the leaues couering the eare and do shewe them selues about the time that the fruit or eare waxeth ripe The grayne or seede which groweth in the eares is about the quantitie or bignesse of a pease of colour in the outside sometimes browne sometime red and sometime white and in the inside it is in colour white and in taste sweet growing orderly about the eares in niene or tenne ranges or rewes †The Place This grayne groweth in Turkie wheras it is vsed in the time of dearth †The Tyme It is sowen in Aprill and ripe in August †The Names They do nowe call this grayne Frumentum Turcicum and Frumētum Asiaticum in Frenche Blé de Turquie or Blé Sarrazin in high Douche Turkie Korn in base Almaigne Torckschcoren in Englishe Turkish Corne or Indian wheate Frumentum Turcicum Turkish or Indian wheate †The Nature and Vertues There is as yet no certaine experience of the natural vertues of this corne The bread that is made thereof is drie and harde hauing very small fatnesse or moysture wherefore men may easily iudge that it nourisheth but litle and is euill of digestion nothing comparable to the bread made of wheate as some haue falsly affirmed Of petie Panick / Phalaris grise / grasse corne Chap. xi †The Description PHalaris hath a rounde strawe or helme with three or foure ioyntes the leaues be narrowe and grassie lyke the blades of Spelt or wheate but smaller and shorter vppon the sayde strawe groweth a short thicke eare and clustered or gathered togither it bringeth foorth a seede lyke vnto Mill and in fashion lyke to Line seede ¶ The Place This seede groweth in Spayne and in the Iles of Canarie And is onely sowen in this Countrie of the Herboristes †The Tyme It is ripe in this Countrie in Iuly and August ⧠The Names This seede is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 likewise in Latine Phalaris of some Douchmē Spaensch saet and Saet van Canarien that is to say Spanishe or Canarie seede some Apothecaries do sell it for Millet Turner calleth it Petie Panicke ⧠The Nature In complexion it is much like to Millet †The Vertues The iuyce of Phalaris dronken with water is good agaynst the payne or greefe of the bladder And a spoenfull of the seede made into powder is good to be taken for the same purpose Of Panicke Chap. xij †The Description PAnicke commeth vp lyke Millet but his leaues are sharpet rougher It hath a rounde stemme or straw ful of knottie ioyntes for the most part sixe or seuen knottes vppon one stemme and at euery knot a large narrow leafe The eares be round and hanging somwhat downewardes in the which groweth smal seede not muche vnlike the seede of Millet of colour sometimes yellowe and sometimes white Phalaris There is also founde another plant like vnto Panicke the which some hold for a kind of Panicke the Italians do cal it Sorghi This strange grayne hath foure or fiue high stemmes which are thicke knottie and somwhat brownish beset with long sharpe leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Spier or Poole reede at the vppermost part of the stalkes ther grow thicke brownered eares greater thicker then the eares of Panick the which at the first do bring forth a yellow flower afteward a round reddish sede of the quantitie of a lentil somwhat sharpe or pointed †The Place Panick is not much knowen in this Countrie it groweth in some places of Italie and France and it loueth grauel and sandy ground it desyreth not much raine or moysture for when it rayneth muche it maketh the leaues to loll and hang downewarde as Theophrastus writeth The Indian Panick is also a strange sede is not found in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme Men do sow Panick in the spring of the yere and it is cut downe againe in hoate Countries fourtie dayes after The Gascons do sowe it after they haue sowē their other corne yet for al that it is ripe before winter as Ruelius saith In this Countrie when it is sowen in April it is ripe in Iuly Panicum Panik Sorghi Melica Indian Panick Also the Indian Panicke is sowen in the spring time and ripe at the ende of sommer †The Names Panick is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Theophraste also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Panicum and nowe a dayes in Italian Melica in high Douche Feuch Fenich and Heydelpfenich in base Almaigne Panickoren The Indian Panick is nowe called of some Italians Melegua or Melega of some others Saggina and Sorgho ▪ in Latine Melica Sorghi Milium Saburrum and of some Panicum peregrinum of the Almaignes Sorgsamen of the Brabanders Sorgsaet It is very lyke that this is Milium Indicum whiche as Plinie writeth was first knowen in the time of the Emperour Nero. ¶ The Nature Panick is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The seede of Panick dronke with wine cureth the dangerous and blooddy flixe and taken twise a day boyled in Goates milke it stoppeth the laske and the gnawinges or gripins of the belly They make bread of Panick as of Millet but it nourisheth and bindeth lesse then the bread of Millet The Indian Panick is like the other Panick in operation and vertue Of Otes Chap. xiij †The Description OTes as Dioscorides saith in grassie leaues and knottie straw or motes are somwhat like to wheate at the vpper part of the strawes growe the eares diuided into many small springes or stemmes displayed and spread abroade farre one from another vppon the which stemmes or small branches the grayne hangeth sharpe pointed alwayes togither well couered with his huske There is an other kinde of Otes whiche is not so inclosed in his huskes as the other is but is bare and without huske whan it is thresshed Also there is a barren Ote of some called the purre Otes of others wilde Otes †The Place Otes are very common in this Countrie and are sowen in al places in the feeldes The pilde Otes are sowen in the gardens of Herboristes Turner saith they growe in Sussex The Purwottes or wilde Otes commeth vp in many places amongst wheate and without sowing †The Tyme Otes are sowen
al hoate diseases impostumes that require cooling drying This is also an excellent fodder for Oxen and kine and for the same purpose it was vsed to be sowen of the Auncient Romynes in olde time Of the right Trefoyle / or Treacle Clauer Chap. xli †The Description AMongst al the sortes of Trefoyles the same here is the largest in leaues that we haue yet seene it hath great round stalkes of a foote a halfe or two foote long ful of branches vpō the which there grow alwaies three leaues togither vpon one footestalke or stemme of a blackish colour and muche greater then the leaues of the common Trefoyl The flowers grow from the sydes of the stalkes vpon long stemmes thicke tufting and clustering togither almost like the flowers of Scabiouse of a deepe blew or skye colour The seede is broade and rough or a litle hearie and sharpe at the ende The roote is smal and slender †The Place The Herboristes of this Countrie do also sowe this kinde of Trefoyl in their gardens †The Tyme This Trefoyl flowreth in this Countrie in August ¶ The Names This kinde of Trefoyl is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Trifolium Trifolium odoratum at this time they cal it Trifolium foetidum Trifolium bituminosum in Frenche Vray Treste and Treste puant in base Almaigne Groote Claueren in Englishe The right Trefoyl stinking Trefoyl Smelling Clauer Treacle Clauer Clauer gentle and Pitche Trefoyl And this is that Oxytriphyllon of the which Scribonius Largus hath written †The Nature This Trefoyl is hoate and drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The leaues and flowers or seede of this Trefoyl dronken in water is good for the payne of the syde the strangurie the falling sicknesse the dropsie and for women that are sicke of the mother or stuffing of the matrix for taken in suche sort it prouoketh vrine and the menstrual termes or flowers Trifolium The same leaues taken in the syrupe Oximel helpeth against the bitinges of venemous beastes The decoction of this Trefoyl with his rootes is very good for the same if the bitinges and stinginges of suche hurtful beastes be washed therewithall Moreouer they do with great profite mingle the said leaues or rootes with Treacles and Mithridates and suche lyke preseruatiue medicines whiche are vsed to be made agaynst poyson Also they say that three leaues of this Trefoyl dronke a litle before the comming of the fit of the feuer tertian with wine do cure the same foure leaues so taken do helpe agaynst the Quartayne Of Hares foote / or rough Clauer Chap. xlij †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Hares foote the great the smal but in leaues and figure one is lyke to the other †The Description HAres foote hath a round stalke rough the leaues are very like the leaues of Trefoyl or Trinitie grasse The flowers grow at the top of the stalkes in a rough spikie knap or eare very like to Hares foote The roote is small and harde †The Place Hares foote especially the lesser is very common throughout all the feeldes of this Countrie †The Tyme Hares foote is most commonly in flower in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lagopus of some Leporis Cuminum now Pes Leporis and Trifolium humile that is to say in english Hares foote Rough Clauer base Trefoyl in French Pied de Lieure and Treste bas in high Douche Hasenfusz Katzenklee Katzle in base Almaigne Hasen pootkens Hasen voetkens ¶ The Nature Hares foote is drie in the third degree and indifferent colde †The Vertues Hares foote boyled in wine and dronke stoppeth the laske and the bloody flixe Lagopus Of wood Sorrel / or Sorrel de boys Chap. xliij †The Description VOode Sorrel is a lowe or base herbe without stalkes the leaues do growe from the roote vpō short stemmes and at their first comming foorth are folden togither but afterwarde they spread abroade and are of a faire greene colour and fashioned almost like the Trefoyl sauing that eche leafe hath a deepe clift in the middle Amongst the leaues there growe also vppon shorte stemmes comming from the roote little smal flowers almost made like litle belles of a white colour with purple veynes all alongst sometimes of a yellowishe colour when they be fallen there rise vp in their places sharpe huskes or cuppes full of yellowishe seede The roote is browne somewhat red and long Of this is founde yet another kind the which beareth yellow flowers and afterwarde small coddes †The Place This herbe groweth in this Countrie in shadowie wooddes vpon the rootes of great olde trees sometimes also vpon the brinkes and borders of ditches †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Aprill and at the beginning of May. Oxys †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Oxys in Shoppes Alleluya of some Trifolium acetosum and Panis Cuculi Alimonia in French Pain de Cocu in high Douche Saurerklee Buchklee Buchamffers Buchbrot Gauchklee and Gauchgauchklee in base Almaigne Coeckoecks broot in English Wood-sorel Sorel du bois Alleluya Cockowes meate Sower Trifoly Stubwurt and Woodsower ¶ The Nature This herbe is colde and drie lyke Sorrell †The Vertues Sorel du bois is good for them that haue sicke feeble stomackes for it drieth and strengthneth the stomacke and stirreth vp appetite It is good for corrupt sores and stinking mouthes if one washe with the decoction thereof Of Grasse Chap. xliiij †The Kindes A Man shal finde many sortes of grasse one lyke another in stemme and leaues but not in the knoppes or eares for one hath an eare like Barley the other lyke Millet another like Panick another lyke Iuray and such vnprofitable weedes that growe amongst corne Some haue rough prickley eares and some are soft and gentle others are rough mossie lyke fine downe or cotton so that there are many sortes and kindes of grasse whereof we will make no larger discourse but of suche kindes onely as haue bene vsed of the Auncient Physitions and are particularly named Agrostis and Gramen †The Description THE grasse whereof we shall nowe speake hath long rough leaues almost lyke the Cane or Pole reede but a great deale lesser yet muche greater broder then the leaues of that grasse which groweth cōmonly in medowes The helme or stemmes are small a foote or two long with fiue or sixe ioyntes at the vppermost of the stalkes there grow soft gentle eares almost like the bushy eares of the Cane or Pole reede but smaller and slenderer The roote is long and white full of ioyntes creeping hither thither platted or wrapped one with another putting forth new springs in sundry places by the meanes hereof it doth multiplie and increase exceedinly in leaues and stalkes †The Place This grasse groweth not in medowes lowe places
lyke the other but in the corne feldes the borders therof is a noughty hurtful weede to corne the which the husbandmen would not willingly haue in their lande or feeldes therfore they take much payne to weede and plucke vp the same †The Names This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agrostis bycause it groweth in the Gramen Couche grasse corne feeldes whiche are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agroi therfore men may easily iudge that the common grasse is not Agrostis This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen in French Grame or Dent au chien in base Almaigne Ledtgras and Knoopgras and of the Countrie or husbandmen Poeen in Englishe Couche and Couche grasse †The Nature Couche grasse is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The roott of Couche grasse boyled in wine and dronken doth swage and heale the gnawing paynes of the belly prouoketh vrine bringeth forth grauel and is very profitable against the strangurie The same with his leaues newe brused healeth greene woundes and stoppeth blood if it be layde thereto Of wall Barley or way Bennet Chap. xlv †The Description PHoenix is a kind of vnprofitable Grasse in eare and leaues almost like Iuray or Darnel but smaller shorter It hath leaues meetely long and large almost like Barley but smaller The litter or stems is short full of ioyntes and reddish The eares growe in fashion like Iucay but the litle knoppes or eares stande not so farre asunder one from an other There is yet another grasse much like to the aforesaid the which groweth almost throughout al medowes and gardens Neuerthelesse his leaues be narrower the stalkes smaller and are neuer red but alwayes of a sad greene colour and so is all the residue of the plant whereby it may be very wel discerned frō the other Phoenix ¶ The Place Phoenix groweth in the borders or edges of feeldes and is founde in great quantitie in the Countrie of Liege or Luke And as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon houses †The Tyme Phoenix is ripe in Iuly and August as other grayne is †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Phoenix and of some Lolium rubrum in Englishe Wall Barley or Way Bennet it may be called Red-Ray or Darnell †The Nature Phoenix drieth without sharpnesse as Galen writeth †The Vertues Phoenix taken with red wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and the abundant running of womens flowers and also the inuoluntarie running of vrine Some do write that this herbe wrapped in a Crymson skinne or peece of leather and bounde fast to a mans body stoppeth bleeding Of Hauer Grasse Chap. xlvi †The Description BRomus or Hauergrasse is also an vnprofitable grasse much like to Otes in leaues stemmes and eares sauing that the grasse or leaues be smaller the stalkes or motes be both shorter and smaller and the eares are longer rougher more bristeled or bearded standing farther asunder one from the other †The Place It groweth in the borders of feeldes vpon bankes and Rampers alongst by way sides †The Tyme It is to be found in eare wel neare all the sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bromus and as a difference from Otes whose Greeke name is Bromus they put to this addition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bromus herba and Auena herba It had this name first bycause of the likenesse it hath with Otes it is called in Frenche Aueron or Aueneron we may call it in Englishe Hauer or Ote grasse Bromus †The Nature Bromus is of a drie complexion †The Vertues This herbe and his roote boyled in water vntil the third part be consumed and afterwarde the same decoction boyled agayne with hony vntill it waxe thicke is good to take away the smel or stenche of the sores in the nose if it be put in with a weeke or matche but especially if you put to it Aloes The same also boyled in wine with dried roses amendeth the corrupt smell of the mouthe if it be washed throughly therwithall Of Stitchwurt Chap. xlvij †The Description THis herbe hath round tender stalkes ful of knots or ioyntes creeping by the ground at euery ioynt grow two leaues one against another hard brode and sharpe at the endes The flowers be white diuided into fiue small leaues when they be fallen away there growe vp litle round heades or knoppes not much vnlike the knops or heades of Line wherin the seede is The rootes be small and knottie creeping hither and thither †The Place It groweth in this Countrie alongst the fieldes and vnder hedges and busshes †The Tyme A man may finde it in flowers in Aprill and May. †The Names This herbe hath the likenesse of the herbe called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Crataeogonum Crataeonum and Crataeus it is called in high Douche Augentroostgras and the Brabanders folowing the same call it Oogentroostgras that is to say Grasse comforting the eyes And may wel be named Gramen Leucanthemum ⧠The Nature The seede of Crataeogonum heateth and dryeth †The Vertues Men haue written that if a woman drinke the seede of Crataeogonum three daies togither fasting after the purging of her flowers that the childe which she may happen to conceiue within fourtie dayes after shal be a man childe Gramen Leucanthemum Of Gupleuros Chap. xlviij †The Description BVpleuron hath long narrowe leaues longer larger then the blades of grasse otherwise not muche vnlyke The stalkes be of a three or foure foote long or more rounde vpright thicke full of ioyntes the whiche do part and diuide agayne into many branches at the toppe whereof there growe yellow flowers in round tuftes or heades afterward the seede whiche is somewhat long There is another herbe much like to the aforesayd in fashion and growing sauing that his leaues which are next the grounde are somewhat larger the stemme or stalke is shorter and the roote is bigger and of a wooddy substance in al thinges els lyke to the aforesayde ¶ The Place This herbe groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The seconde is founde in the borders of Languedoc †The Tyme It flowreth and bringeth foorth seede in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bupleurum we know none other name The seconde sort is called of the Herboristes of Prouince Auricula Leporis It is very lyke that which Valerius Cordus nameth Isophyllon Bupleuri prima species The first kind of Bupleures Bupleurialtera species The second kind of Bupleures †The Nature Buplerum is temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues This herbe in time past was vsed as pot herbe and counted of Hippocrates as a conuenient food as Plinie writeth The leaues of the same
Cassia The leaues wherof be smaller then the leaues of the other Roses the shutes and twigges be also small and thicke set with thornie prickles of a browne russet colour growing almost to the height of the Prouince rooses The flowers be smal and single sweet smelling and of a pale red coloor and sometime Carnation The sixth kinde of Roses called Muske Roses hath slender springes and shutes the leaues and flowers be smaller then the other Roses yet they grow vp almost as high as the Damaske or Prouince Rose The flowers be small and single and sometimes double of a white colour and pleasant sauour in proportion not muche vnlyke the wilde Roses or Canel Roses The wilde Rose leaues be rough and prickley The springes branches and shutes are ful of sharpe hookes or crooked prickles like the white double Rose of the gardē but much lesser the leaues be smaller the flowers be also single white drawing towardes Carnation colour without sauour The which being fallen away there rise rounde knoppes or buttons lyke as in the garden Rose plant within whiche redde knoppes and buttons the seede is couched laid in a hearie downe or rough Cotton Vpon this plant or bushe is somtimes founde a spongious baule rough heared and of a greene colour turning towardes red and is to be founde about the moneth of Iune Amongst the kindes of wilde Roses there is founde a sorte whose shutes twigges and branches are couered all ouer with thicke small thornie prickles The flowers be smal single white of a very good sauour The whole plant is base and low and the least of al both of the garden and wilde kind of Roses Bysides the Roses aforesayd there is yet another kind of Rose plant which beareth yellowe Roses in al thinges els lyke to the wilde Rose plante as in shutes twigges and leaues The Eglentine or sweete brier may be also counted of the kindes of Roses for it is lyke to the wilde Rose plante in sharpe and cruel shutes springes and rough branches The leaues also be not muche vnlyke but greener and of a pleasanter smel The flowers be single smaller then the flowers of the wilde Rose most commonly white and sometimes redde after whiche there come also litle knappes or long red beries as in the other Roses in whiche the seede is couched †The Place The tame Roses the Eglentine are planted in gardens The wilde groweth in many places of Brabant and other Countries alongst by hedges and ditches and other wilde places amongst bryers and thornes The other wilde kinde groweth in certayne places vppon rampers and bankes cast vp by mans handes and vpon the Sea coast of Flaunders †The Time The fiue first kindes of garden Roses do flower in May and Iune and so do the wilde Roses the Eglentine but the Muske Roses do flower in May and agayne in September or there aboutes †The Names The Rose is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rosa in high Douche Rose in Neatherdouchelande Roose The leaues and flowers be called in Latine Folia Rosarum that is to say Rose leaues The nayles that is to say the white endes of the leaues whereby they are fastened to the knappes the whiche are cut of when they make Conserue or syrupe of Roses is called in Latine Vngues Rosarum in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The yellow heare whiche groweth in the middle of the Rose is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Flos Rosae in shops and of the Arabian Physitions Anthera that is to say the blowing of the Rose The bud of the Rose before the opening is called Calix The fiue litle leaues whiche stande rounde about the bud or the beginning of Roses are called in Latine Cortices Rosarum that is to say the shelles or pilles of Roses some do also cal them the fiue brothers of the Roses wherof as is beforesayd two haue beardes and two haue none and the fifth hath but halfe a one The rounde heades or little knoppes vpon whiche the flowers do growe and are fastened and in whiche lyeth the seede are called in Latine Capita Rosarum and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The first kinde of garden Roses is called in Italy Rosa Damascena in this Countrie Rosa alba in Frenche Rose blanche in high Douche Weisz Rosen in base Almaigne Witte Roosen in Englishe White Roses And this kinde seemeth to be that which Plinie calleth in Latine Campana Rosa The seconde kinde of Roses is called Rosa purpurea and Rosa rubra in Englishe Red Roses and of the common people Double Roses in Frenche Rose rouge and Roses francois in high Douche Roter Rosen in base Almaigne Roode Roosen And vnder this kinde are comprehended the Roses whiche Plinie calleth Trachinias amongst whiche Rosae Milesiae are the deepest red The thirde kinde is called in Frenche Rosee de Prouinces in base Almaigne Prouinsche Roosen in high Douch Liebfarbige Rosen the which paraduenture are they which Plinie calleth Alabandicas Rosas we cal them in English Roses of Prouince and Damaske Roses The fourth kinde is also called in Frenche Rose de Prouins in base Almaigne Prouinsch Roose and Bruyn Prouinsche Roose as a name of difference from the other and these shoulde seeme to be Rosae Milesiae of Plinie The fifth kinde is called of the Herboristes of Brabant Caneel Rooskens that is to say the Roses smelling lyke Canell or Cassia and possible this is Rosa Praenestina of Plinie some call it in Englishe the Cyuet Rose or Bastarde Muske Rose The sixth is named of Plinie in Latine Rosa coroncola of the writers at this daye Rosa sera and Rosa autumnalis in Frenche Rose Musquée and Roses de Damas in base Almaigne Musket Rooskens in Englishe also Muske Roses bycause of their pleasant sent The seuenth kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rosa canina and Rosa syluestris in Frenche Rose sauuage in high Douche Wilder Roosen and Heckrosen in base Almaigne Wilde Rosen in Englishe the Bryer bushe the wilde Rose and Heptree The spongious bawle or that rounde rough excrescence whiche is founde oftentimes growing both vppon the wilde Rose and Eglentine bushes is called of som Apothecaries Bedegar but wrongfully for Bedegar is not that thistell which is commonly called Carlina Examine Bedegar lib. 4. fol. 361. The eight is called of the neather Douchmen Duyn Rooskens of the place where as it is founde growing and it shoulde seeme to be that which the Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Canirubus and Rubus canis and of Plinie Rosa spinosa The Minth is called the yellow Rose in French Roses iaulnes The last is called of Plinie in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lychnis in Latine Rosa Gręca in Frenche and base Almaigne Eglantier in Englishe Eglantine †The cause of the Name and historie thereof The Rose is called in Greeke Rhodon
high Douche Maulbeerbaum in base Almaigne Moerbesieboom The fruite is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Morum in Shoppes Morum Celsi in Englishe a Mulberie or Mulberies in high Douche Maulbeerent in base Almaigne Moerbesien in Frenche Meures †The Nature The vnripe Mulberies are cold and drie in the second degree astringent The ripe beries are of a temperate complexion The barke of the Mulberie especially of the roote is hoate and drie in the seconde degree and of a cutting clensing and abstersiue propertie †The Vertues The greene and vnripe Mulberies dried do stoppe the belly the blooddy flixe and vomiting to be dronken in redde wine The rype beries do loose and moysten the belly causing to go to the stoole especially to be taken fasting or before meate The same taken after meate are soone corrupted in the stomacke causing windinesse and blastinges in the same Of the iuyce of ripe Mulberies is made a confection in manner of a syrupe very good for the vlcers and hoate swellinges of the tongue the mouth and the Almondes or kernelles in the throote The leaues of the Mulberie tree layde to with oyle healeth burninges The barke of the roote of the Mulberie tree boyled dronken doth open the stoppings of the liuer the milt and it looseth the belly and by the meanes therof both long and flat wormes are expelled The decoction of the leaues and rootes of the Mulberie tree is good to holde in the mouth against the tooth ache The roote being cut nicked or scotched about the later ende of Haruest putteth foorth a gumme or iuyce whiche is exceeding good for the tooth ache and it scattereth and driueth away swelling lumpes and will purge the belly but when you will haue this iuyce you must first make a little furrowe about the roote you meane to scarrifie and the next day after that you haue scarrified the roote you shal finde the liquor clumpered or congeled togither in the furrowe Of the Sycomore tree Chap. xlv †The Description THe Sycomore is a great tree lyke the Mulberie tree with a great stem or tronke many great limmes branches The leaues be muche like to the leaues of the Mulberie The fruit is like to a wild figge but it is without any smal sedes in it and it groweth not vpō the young branches as the fruite of other trees groweth but vppon the stocke or stem the greatest armes of the tree also it neuer waxeth ripe vnlesse it be scraped with an iron toole Also there is a certayne gumme or liquor gathered frō out of the barkes of the young Sycomore trees the whiche is gotten by pearsing the rinde or barkes of the young trees before they haue borne any fruite ¶ The Place The Sycomore tree as Dioscorides writeth groweth in Caria and Rhodes in other places where as wheate groweth not There is abundance of it planted in Egypt about the great Caire or Alkayre where as Peter Belon hath seene it Sycomorus †The Tyme The trees be alwayes greene and bring foorth fruite three or foure times a yere †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sycomorus in Englishe a Sycomore tree †The Nature The fruite of the Sycomore tree is somewhat temperate the gumme therof hath power to make warme and to soften †The Vertues The Sycomore fruite is good to eate but it yeeldeth small nourishment it looseth the belly gently and is not good for the stomacke The gumme is good for the hardnesse of the milt or Splene the payne of the stomacke and bitinges of Serpentes to be eyther taken inwardly or layd to ourwardly vpon the wounde It closeth woundes togither and scattereth abrode olde gatheringes togither or collections Of the Figge tree Chap. xlvi †The Description THE garden figge tree whereof we shall nowe speake hath many branches full of pith within lyke the shutes or stalkes of Eldren ouer couered with a smoth playne rinde or barke The leaues be great and large blackishe and for the most part diuided in fiue At the top of the branches groweth the fruite the which is round and long fashioned lyke Peares sweete and ful of smal kernelles or graines Before the fruite be ripe if it be hurt or scarrified there commeth foorth a sappe or iuyce like milke but being through ripe the iuyce is lyke to hony ¶ The Place The figge trees are plentiful in Spayne and Italy and are founde also sometimes in this Countrie but very rare and seldom they must be planted in warme places that stand wel in the Sonne and are defended from the North and Northeast windes †The Time The Figge trees in this Countrie are very long late in waxing greene for they begin to put foorth their leaues but at the end of May. Their fruite is rype about the ende of sommer Ficus †The Names The garden figge tree is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ficus satiua in high Douche Feighenbaum in base Almaigne Vijghenboom in Frenche Vng Figuier in Englishe a Figge tree or a garden Figge tree The fruite is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ficus by the whiche name it is knowen in Shoppes in English a Figge in French Figue in high Douch Ein Feigen in base Almaigne Een Vijghe this fruite before it is ripe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Grossus and when it is drie they call it in Latine Carica in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke Carice is a kind of figge whiche groweth onely in Syria The wilde figge tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ficus syluestris and Caprificus The fruite of this figge tree whiche neuer commeth to ripenesse is named in Greeke as the vnripe fruite of the garden figge tree 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Grossus and of some also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Erineus †The Nature The greene figges new gathered are a litle warme and somewhat moyst The drie figges are hoate almost in the second degree and somthing moyst and of subtill partes The mylkie iuyce of figges is hoate and drie almost in the third degree and also sharpe and biting The leaues haue also some sharpenesse with an opening power but not so strong as the iuyce †The Vertues The newe gathered figges nourishe more then the other fruites but they ingender windinesse and blasting and they lose the belly gently They abate heate and quenche thirst but taken into great a quantitie they do hurt the stomacke making it weake and without meate lust The drie figges do nourish better then the greene or newe figges yet they ingender no very good blood for those that feede muche vppon figges become lousie and full of vermine Figges eaten before meat do loose the belly and are good for
laide to with Tarre and Waxe do soften ripe and consume away by the pores harde swellinges and botches about the secrete partes other such rebellious impostemes cold swellinges The same leaues and fruite with Frankensence doo cure olde vlcers and sores and great corrupt and euill impostemes They also cure the felons or noughtie sores which rise about the toppes of toes and fingers endes to be layde to with Arsenik The seede of Missell pounde with wine lyes doth cure and waste the hardnesse of the Milt or splene to be applyed to the syde They say also that the wood of Misselto that groweth vpon the Okes and not vpon any other tree is very good against the falling euyll and Apoplexie to be hange about the necke of the Patient Of the Ashe tree Chap. lxx †The Kindes AFter the mind of Theophrastus there be two kindes of Ashe the one called the Ashe tree without any other addition The other is called the wilde Ashe or white Ashe Fraxinus The Ashe tree Fraxinus bubula Ornus Wilde Ashe †The Description THE Ashe is a great high tree with many branches whereof the young and newe sprong branches are ful of white pith or a certayne soft substance and they haue sundrie ioyntes but when they waxe great and olde those ioyntes are lost and the pith is conuerted into timber The barke of this tree especially whereas it delighteth best to growe is gray and smooth but in other places it waxeth rough The leaues be great long large spread abrode after the fashion of winges made of many smal leaues growing one against another all alongst one stemme or rib whereof eache little leafe is long somewhat snipt round about the edges The fruite of the Ashe hangeth togitherr in clusters and is nothing els but litle narrow huskes wherein lieth the seede whiche is bitter The wilde Ashe also sometimes groweth to a great tree but nothing lyke to the Ashe for it is much smaller and flow in growing vp whiche is the cause that it is found so smal The rinde or barke therof is browne almost like to the Aller rinde The leaues be great long many growing alongst by one stem rough and somwhat heary much like to the leaues of Sorbe Apple tree The flowers be white and growe in tuffets the whiche do turne into rounde beries greene at the first but afterwarde red and of an vnpleasant taste †The Place The Ashe delighteth in moyst places as about the brinkes and borders of riuers and running streames The wilde Ashe groweth vppon high mountaynes and also in shadowy wooddes †The Tyme The Ashe seede is ripe at the ende of September The wilde Ashe flowreth in May the fruite thereof is ripe in September †The Names The first tree is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fraxinus in English Ashe in Frenche Fresne in high Douche Eschernbaum Eschernholtz and Steyneschern in base Almaigne Esschen and Esschenboom The huskes or fruite thereof are called in shoppes Lingua auis and Lingua passerina in English Kytekayes The second kind is called of Theophrastus in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gaza calleth it in Latine Fraximus bubula Plinie and Columella calleth it Ornus and Fraxinus syluestris some of the later writers calleth it Fraxinea arbor and some call it Sorbus aucuparia aswell bycause it hath leaues lyke vnto the Sorbe tree as also bycause the Birders and Fowlers doo vse the fruite thereof as baite to take Birdes withal in English Quickebeame feelde Ashe wild Ashe and white Ashe in Frenche Fresne Champestre or sauuage in high Douche Malbaum and grosser Malbaum in base Almaigne Haueresschen and Qualster †The Nature The leaues and rinde of the Ashe are of a temperate heate subtill partes or substance The seede is hoate and drie in the seconde degree The wilde Ashe leaues be also hoate and drie and of subtill partes †The Vertues The leaues and barkes of the Ashe tree boyled in wine and dronken doo open and comfort the liuer splene being stopped and doo heale the disease of the sides They haue the same vertue to be boyled in oyle and layde to the side The leaues and barke with the tender croppes of the Ashe tree are good to be taken in the same maner against the dropsie for they purge the water For suche as are to grosse or far they vse to geue dayly three or foure ashen leaues to drinke in wine to the intent to make them leane The iuyce of the leaues barke and tender croppes of the Ashe dronken in wine preserueth from al venome especially against the bitinges and stingings of Serpentes and Vipers They say that the Ashe is of so great force against poyson that in the circutie or shadowe of the same there hath not bene knowen any maner of venemous beast to abyde The lye that is made with the ashes of the barkes of the Ashe tree cureth the white scurffe and suche other lyke roughnesse of the skinne The seede of the Ashe tree prouoketh vrine increaseth naturall seede and stirreth vp Venus especially being takē with a Nutmegge as Isaac Rhasis Damascenus and many other Arabian Phisitions do write The leaues of the wilde Ashe tree boyled in wine are good against the payne of the syde and the stopping of the liuer And to be taken in the same maner they slake the bellyes of suche as haue the dropsie Of the kindes of Popler and Aspe Chap. lxxi †The Kindes THe Popler is of three sortes as winesseth Plinie the one is called white the other blacke and the thirde is called Aspe the which three kindes are very common in this Countrie Populus alba White Popler Populus nigra Blacke Popler Populus Lybica Aspe †The Description THE white Popler tree waxeth high great thick The timber wherof is white and not very harde to be wrought The barke is smooth and whitishe especially on the branches The leaues be rounde with poynted corners white soft and woolly vpon one side and playne smooth greene vpon the other side Before it putteth foorth leaues it beareth long woollishe tagglettes or Cattekens of colour almost incarnate The blacke Popler also groweth high great and thicke The barke wherof is smooth but browner The leaues be somewhat long and brode beneath towardes the stemme and sharpe at the top a litle snipt about the edges but they be neither white smooth nor wollish The Cattekens or tagglets of these doo turne into clusters with many round beries The buddes which breake foorth before the leaues are of a sweete sauour by reason of a certaine yellowish clammie oyle or grease which is contayned within them of which is made the oyntment called Populeum The Ratling or trembling Aspe is somewhat like to the blacke Popler it waxeth as great as any of the other twayne The ragges or Catkens of these are longer and browner then the others almost graye or Ashe colour browne The leaues be somewhat roundishe broade
good for to washe the teeth agaynst the tooth ache The young and tender leaues wel pounde are good to be layde vpon swellinges and inflammations and do stop the running watering of the eyes Of the Aller Chap. lxxv †The Description THE Aller is a high great tree with many branches the whiche wyll breake quickely and will not lightly ploy nor bende The rinde of this tree is browne The timber is meetely harde and will last a long season vnder water yea longer then any other kinde of timber And therefore they make piles and postes for to lay fundations in fennes soft marrish grounds also they are very good to make pipes condites and troughes for the leading along and carriage of water vnder grounde but aboue ground water wil soone rot and consume it This timber waxeth red assoone as it is spoyled of his rinde and lykewyse when it is old and dry The leaues be somwhat clammie to handle as though they were wet with hony of fashion roundish and somewhat wrinckled not muche vnlyke the leaues of the Hasell nuttes The blowinges of Alder are long tagglets almost like to the blowinges of Birche The fruite is round lyke to small Oliue beris and compacte or made of diuers scales set close togither the which being ripe and dry do open so as the seede whiche is within them falleth out and is lost Alnus †The Place The Aller delighteth to growe in low moyst woods and waterish places †The Time The Aller beginneth to bud and to bring foorth newe leaues in Aprill as other trees do The fruite is ripe in September ⧠The Names The Aller or Alder is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Alnus in high Douche Erlenbaum and Ellernbaum in base Almaigne Elsenboom in Frenche Aulne †The Nature The barke and leaues of Alder are cold drie and astringent †The Vertues The barke or rinde of Alder bycause of his astringent power may be good against the impostumes and swellinges of the throte and kernelles or Almondes vnder the tongue euen as well as the shales or greene pilles of Walnuttes But as yet it hath not bene vsed by any sauing onely for the dyeing of certayne course cloth and cappes into a blacke colour for the whiche purpose it is very fit The leaues be much vsed against hoate swellinges vlcers and al inwarde inflammations Of the Beeche tree Chap. lxxvi †The Description THe Beeche is a great high thicke tree whose leaues be soft thinne playne smooth and meetely large almost like the leaues of Popler but smaller The blossoms therof are nought els but smal yellowish Catkens smaller then the Catkens of Birche but otherwise like The fruite is triangled or three cornered Nuttes in whiche are sweete kernels These Nuttes be couered ouer with prickly huskes or shales from out of whiche they fall downe when they be ripe ¶ The Place The Beeche loueth a playne open Countrie and moysture †The Tyme The Beeche bloweth and breaketh foorth into newe leaues at the ende of Aprill or Maye The Nuttes be ripe in September euen with the Chesnuttes ⧠The Names The Beeche tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fagus in Frenche Fouteau in high Douche Buchbaum or Buche in base Almaigne Bueckenboē The fruite is nowe called in Latine Nuces Fagi in Frenche Faine in base Almaigne Buecken nootkens in English Beeche maste †The Nature The leaues of Beech do coole The kernell of the fruite is somewhat moyst and warme Fagus †The Vertues The leaues of Beeche are very profitably layde to the beginning of hoate swellinges blisters and vlcers The water that is found in the holownesse of Beeches doth cure the noughtie scurffe and wilde tetters or scabbes of men and horses kyne and sheepe if they be washed therewithall Men doo not yet gather these Nuttes for mans vse yet they be sweete and good for to eate and they doo almost serue to all those purposes wherevnto the Nuttes of the Pine apple kernelles doo serue Of Birche tree Chap. lxxvij †The Description THe Birche doth often grow to a great high tree with many branches which haue many smal roddes or twigges very limber and pliant and most commonly hanging downewarde and will abyde to be bowed easily any way that one list The barke of the young twigges and branches is playne and smooth and full of sappe and of the colour of a Chesnut but the barke of the body and greatest branches of the tree is harde without white rough vneuen and broken or clouen vpon the branches that be of a meane sise or quantitie the barke or rind is somwhat speckled vnder the same barke next ioyning to the wood or timber there is founde another barke that is playne and smooth as paper so that in times past it was vsed to write vppon before that Paper or Parchement were knowen or inuented The leaues are meetely brode and somwhat snipt about smaller thē Beechen leaues but otherwise not muche vnlyke The Birche tree hath tagglettes or Chattons for his blossome lyke as the Hasell but much smaller in whiche the seede commeth ¶ The Place Birche groweth in wooddes and heathes and drie commons and also alongest the borders of Corne feeldes †The Tyme Birche putteth foorth his new leaues in Aprill in September his small Catkens and seede is ripe ⧠The Names Birche is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Betula in Frenche Bouleau in high Douch Birkēbaum in base Almaigne Berckenboom †The Nature and Vertues Birche is not vsed in medicine wherfore his nature and vertues are not knowen in old time they vsed the inner thin barke of Birche in steede of Paper the young twigges and branches thereof to make roddes and besoms as they doo at this day Betula Birche Of blacke Aller Chap. lxxviij †The Description THE blacke Aller groweth not lyke a tree neyther waxeth it very great but it bringeth foorth many long straight roddes whiche doo diuide them selues agayne in other small twigges couered with a thinne blacke rinde vnder the whiche there is founde another yellowish rinde The timber or wood of these twigges is whitish with a browne red pith in the midle The leaues be brode lyke the leaues of Aller almost lyke to Cherrie tree leaues but rounder and browner The litle flowers be whitish after which come vp round beries which are greene at the first but afterwards red and blacke when they are dried of a strange vnpleasant taste ¶ The Place This kinde of wood groweth in lowe wooddes and moyst places †The Tyme It flowreth in April and the beries be ripe in August †The Names This plant is called of the Brabanders Sporckenhout and of the chyldren of this Countrie Pijlhout that is to say bolt timber or arrow wood bycause they make Arrowes with it to shoote withall in high Douch Faulbaum and Leuszbaum of some of the later writers in Latine Alnus nigra that is to say
the which be greene at the first and afterward blacke like Iuy beries or whortes The roote is long of the quantitie of ones fingar full of knobbes or ioyntes and of colour white with many hearie strings in taste at the first sweete but afterward somewhat sharpe and bitter The smal Salomons seale doth not much varie from the other sauing that his leaues be narrower do not grow alone or seuerally one by one but foure or fiue grow out of one knot or ioynte rounde about the stalke almost starre fashion The floures are greener and the fruyte is blacker than the other The roote is smaller and slenderer in all poynts els like to the aforesayde †The Place The great Salomons seale groweth in this country in dry wooddes standing vpon mountaynes The second also groweth in mountaynes and wooddes especially in Almaigne A man shall not lightly finde it in this countrey except in the gardens of such as haue pleasure in herbes †The Tyme They do both floure in May and Iune †The Names Salomons seale is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Polygonatum in Shoppes Sigillum Salomonis in Italian Frassinella in Spanish Fraxinella in English also Scala coeli White roote or white wurte in high Douch Weiszwurtz in French Signet de Salomon in base Almaigne Salomons seghel in the Tuscane tunge Frassinella †The Nature Salomons seale is of Nature hoate and dry abstersiue or clensing somewhat astringent †The Vertues The roote of Salomons seale pound doth close vp and heale the woundes wherevpon it is layde The same being freshe and new gathered to be pounde and layde vpon or if one be annoynted with the iuyce thereof it taketh away all spottes freckles blacke and blew markes that happen by beating falling or brusing whether it be in the face or in any other parte of the body This herbe neither yet his roote is good to be taken into the body as Galen writeth Of Fleaworte / or Fleabane Chap. lxx †The Description THe leaues of Fleebane be long narrow and hearie amongst whiche springe vp rounde and tender branches set ful of leaues like them aforesayde but smaller garnisshed at the top with little long round spikie knappes like eares with greenish floures or blossoms which do afterward change into a browne and shyning seede in proportion colour and quantitie like vnto Fleas †The Place This herbe groweth in fieldes and deserte places as Dioscorides saith In this countrey men sow it in gardens and wher as it hath bene once sowē it groweth continually afterwarde of his owne sowing or sheding of seede †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August and sometimes also the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Psyllium and Herba Pulicaris in Shoppes Psyllium in Italian Psillio Psyllion in Spanish Zargatona in English Fleawurte and Fleabane in French Herbeaux poulces in high Douch Flohekraut in base Almaigne Vloycruyt †The Nature The seede of Psyllium or Fleaworte whiche is chiefly vsed in medicine is colde in the second degree and temperate in moysture and drynesse As Galen and Serapio writeth †The Vertues The seede of Fleabane boyled in water or stiped dronken purgeth downewardes Aduste and Cholerique humors by sides this it swageth payne and slaketh the inflammation and heate of the entrayles or bowels and is good agaynst hoate Feuers or burning Agues and all inwarde heates and against great drouth and thirst The same seede somewhat brused but not brokē parched at the fire is good against the bloudy flixe and vehement laske especially whan they proceede of taking strong and violent medicines The seede therof mengled with oyle of Roses vineger or water is good to be straked or applied vnto hoate griefes of the ioynts the apostems swellings behind the eares and other hoate swellings also it is good against head ache The same layde too with vineger is good against the going out of the Nauell and the bursting of yong children The water wherin the seede hath bene soked or stiped is good to be layd to the burning heate called S. Antonies fire and to all hoate swellings It is also good to be dropped into running eares and against the wormes in the same Some holde that if this herbe whiles it is yet greene be strowed in the house that Fleas will not come nor ingender where as it is layed †The Daunger Too much of Fleabane seede taken inwardly is very hurtfull to mans nature it engendreth coldnesse and stiffenesie through out the body with pensiue heauinesse of the harte so that such as haue dronken thereof do sometimes fall into great distresse †The Remedie Whan one hath taken too much of the seede of Fleabane so that he feeleth some noyance or harme aboue all things it shal be good for him to prouoke vomite with medicines conuenient to cast vp if it be possible that which hath bene before takē Afterward giue him to drinke of the best most sauoury old wine that may be gotten by it selfe or boyled with Wormewood or wine mengled with hony and a little lie or the Decoction of Dyll as Serapio writeth And bysides this ye may giue him all things that is good against the dangers that happen of eating greene Coliander Of certayne Herbes / that fleete or swimme vpon the water Chap. lxxj †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of herbes that growe in aboue water whereof the greatest parte shal be described in other places other Chapters so that in this present Chapter wee shall intreate but onely of foure or fiue sortes of them that grow vpon the water †The Description THe first and most notable of these kindes of floting herbes the whiche is called water spyke or most cōmonly Pōdeweede hath long roūd knotty branches The leaues grow vpō smal short stems are large great flat layde and carried vpon the water somewhat like to great Plantayne but a great deale smaller The floures grow at the toppe of the branches aboue the water vpon long purple spykie knoppes like to the eares or spikes of Bistorte the which being perished there commeth vp round knoppes wherein the seede is inclosed whiche is harde Potamogeiton Ponde weede Viola Palustris Water violet or Gyllofer The second kinde hath long small stemmes The leaues be long and iagged very small spred abroade vnderneth the water alwayes fiue or sixe standing directly one against an other as the leaues of Madder or Woodrow euery leafe like to Tansie or Yerrow leaues but smaller and more iagged than the leaues of Tansie and greater and broader then the leaues of Yerrow or Milfoyle but not so finely cut as Milfoyle It bringeth forth his floures vpon stalkes or stemmes growing aboue the water alwayes three or foure floures set one against an other parted into fiue leaues like to a little wheele or like stocke Gillofers or like the floures of common Buglosse of
playted or crested huskes other coddes or huskes whiche be somewhat long and round wherein the seede whiche is blacke is conteyned The roote is long and small †The Place These floures are planted in the gardens of this countrie †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly and August Lychnis satiua †The Names These kinde of floures are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lychnis coronaria and Lychnis satiua of some Athanatos and Acydonium of Plinie Iouis flos in English Rose Campion in French Oeillets Oeillets Dieu in high Douch Margenrosrlin Marien rosen and accordingly they are now called in Latine Rosa mariana in base Almaigne they are most commonly called Christus ooghen †The Nature The floures are hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede with the floure or either of them alone dronken are good against the stinging of Scorpions Of wilde Campion Chap. x. †The Kindes THere be two sortes of these floures that is to say a white and a redde whereof the white kinde is the greater and of a larger grothe The redde is smaller and lesse ⧠The Description THe wilde white Campion hath a rough white stemme The leaues be white cottony much like to the leaues of Campions sauing that the stalkes be slenderer and the leaues narrower and not so white The floures growe out of a rough huske greater then the huske of the garden Rose Campion and the proportion of the floure is muche like to the same but more indented aboute the edges and without any sharpe poynted peake in the middell the floures being vanisshed there commeth after them rounde bollettes or pellets in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is ordinarily of the length of a foote and halfe and as thicke as a finger Lychnis syluestris alba The white wilde Campion Lychnis syluestris purpurea The purple wilde Campion The redde wilde Campions are in all things like to the white sauing that they grow not so high and their roote is not so long but is for the moste parte shorter and hearie The floures be redde and in proportion like to the other †The Place These floures grow in vntilled groūdes in the borders of fieldes alongst the wayes some also vse to set them in gardens and it commeth to passe that by often setting they waxe very double †The Tyme They floure most commonly from May vntill the ende of Somer †The Names The wilde Campions are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lychnis syluestris of some Tragonatum Hieracopodium or Lampada in the Shoppes of this countrie Saponaria howbeit this is not the right Saponaria in English wilde Campion or wilde rose Campion and of some Crowesope in high Douch Lydweyck wilde Margenroszlin and in some places widerstosz in Brabant Iennettekens †The Nature These floures with their plante are in temperament like to garden rose Campions †The Vertues The seede and floures with the whole herbe of the wilde Campions are very good against the stinging of Scorpions in somuch that their vertue is so great in this behalfe that this herbe onely throwen before the Scorpions taketh away their power to do harme The seede taken in quantitie of two Drammes purgeth downewarde the hoate and cholerique humors Of Cockle / or fielde Nigella Chap. xi ⧠The Description COckle or fielde Nigelweede hath straight slender hearie stemmes the leaues be also long narrow hearie grayish The floures be of a browne purple colour changing towardes red diuided into fiue small leaues not much varying from the proportion of the wilde Campions after the which there groweth rounde bolleyns or cups wherein is cōteyned plenty of seede of a broune or russet colour †The Place These floures grow in the fieldes amongst the Wheate Rye and Barley †The Tyme It floureth in May Iune and Iuly †The Names This floure is now called amongst the learned mē Githago or Nigellastrum or Pseudolanthium of some flos Micancalus as Ruellius writeth in English field Nigella or Cockle in high Douch Raden Groszraden and Kornrosz in Brabant Corenroosen and Negelbloemen in French Nielle Anthemon †The Temperament and Vertues The vertues temperament of this herbe are not yet knowē bicause it is not in vse sauing of certayne fonde people whiche do vse it in the steede of Yuray or Darnell or for the right Nigella to the great daunger and perill of the sicke people Of Blew Gottell / or Cornefloure Chap. xij ⧠The Description CYanus hath a crested stalke vpon the whiche growe narrowe sharpe poynted grayishe leaues whiche haue certayne natches or cuts about the edges sharpe corners like teeth About the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small round buttons whiche be rough scalie out of the whiche grow pleasant floures of fiue or sixe small iagged leaues most commonly blew especially the wilde kinde Sometimes also those that grow in gardens do beare grayish purple crimsen and white floures the whiche being vanisshed there groweth within the scalye huskes heades certayne long seede whiche is inclosed in a hearie downe or Cotton There is also in certayne gardens an other kynde of Cyanus whose floures be lyke to the aforesayde it hath greate broade leaues larger than the leaues of the garden Rose Campion the whiche bee also softe and woolly lyke the leaues of Mullen The floures of this hearbe are lyke to Cyanus Corne floure Cyanus maior Great Corne floure the other Cyanus floures both in his Scaly knopped buttons as also in his iagged or frenged leaues seede but a great deale larger and of colour blew in the middle turning somwhat towards redde or purple The roote is of long continuance and sendeth forth new stemmes and springs yearely †The Place Cyanus or Blew bottell groweth in the fieldes amongst the wheate but specially amongst Rie Those which haue the white and purple floures and the great Cyanus are sowen and planted in gardens ⧠The Tyme These floures do flowrish from May vntill August †The Names This floure is called of Plinie in Latine Flos Cyanus of some later wryters Baptisecula or Blaptisecula in Italian Fior Campesi in English of Turner Blewbottell and Blewblaw it may also be called Hurte Sicle and Cornefloure in French Aubifoines Bleuets Perceles and Blaucoles in high Douch Kornblumen in Brabant Corenbloemen and Roghbloemen The second kinde is called Cyanus maior and is counted of the learned for a kinde of Verbascum and therefore they call it Thryallis and Lychnitis in high Douch it is called Waldt kornblumen and in Brabant groote Corenbloemen we may also call it in English great Cornefloure and wilde Cornefloure †The Temperament Cyanus or Blewblaw is colde and dry †The Vertues This Cornefloure brused or pound is profitably layde vnto the rednesse the inflammation and running of the eyes or to any kinde of Phlegmon or hoate tumor about the eyes The distilled water of Cyanus cureth the rednesse and payne of the
†The Description MAple groweth somtimes lyke a tree both high and thicke with many great branches sometimes it groweth lowe lyke a shrub The barke is thicke and somewhat white The timber is harde and garnished with long streaming waues or water vaynes The leaues be brode with fiue peakes or corners lyke the leaues of Ople bushe or Dwarffe Plane tree but smaller and greener very lyke the leaues of Sanicle The fruite is long flat and thinne almost lyke to a feather of a small birde or lyke the whing of a grashopper †The Place Maple groweth in wooddes where as it commeth to a great tree and alongst by diches and running streames where as it is but small †The Time It bloweth in Maye and the seede is ripe in September †The Names This tree is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acer and it shoulde be that kind which is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Campestris and of some as Theophrastus writeth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Plinie Gallica in Englishe Maple in Frenche Erable in high Douch Maszholder in Brabant Booghout and Vlierhout †The Vertues The rootes of Maple pounde in wine and dronken are good against the paynes in the syde as Serenus Sāmonicu hath written Aceris species Folio minori Of the Iuniper tree Chap. lxxxij †The Kindes THere be two fortes of Iuniper as Dioscorides writeth whereof the one kinde groweth great and high The other kind remayneth smal and low and is well knowen in this Countrie †The Description THE smal and common Iuniper sometimes groweth vp and waxeth to the stature of some other trees but most commonly it remayneth lowe and groweth like a shrub or hedge plant The branches of this Iuniper are couered with a thinne barke the which will soone riue or cleeue asunder especially in hoate Countries after whiche chopping or chinking of the barke there commeth foorth a gumme or liquor lyke Frankensence The leaues be litle small and hard growing alongst the stalkes and branches are alwayes greene without falling of in winter The fruite is rounde litle beries whiche be greene at the first and afterward blacke of a good sauour and sweet in taste whiche at length waxe bitter The great Iuniper is a great high tree and beareth beries as great as Filberdes and sometimes as great as Walnuttes as Dioscorides writeth †The Place Iuniper is found vpō high mountaynes in shadowy woods low holow wayes it loueth a cold stony ground †The Tyme In the moneth of Maye there ariseth out of Iuniper a certayne yellow powder or dust which is taken for the blowing or flower of Iuniper after that you shal perceiue the smal beries to begin to grow vp the whiche do waxe ripe in September a yere after that they begin first to grow vp Therefore ye shal finde vpon the Iuniper tree beries both ripe and vnripe great and small al togither ⧠The Names Iuniper is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Iuniperus in Frenche Ienéure or Genéure in high Douch Weckholder and Weckholterbaum in Brabant Geneuer The beries be called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Baccae Iuniperi in shops Grana Iuniperi in Englishe Iuniper beries in Frenche Graines de Genéure in high Douch Weckholterbeeren and Kromerbeeren The gumme whiche sweateth out of this tree and his barke is called in shops Vernix and in some places not without great and dangerous errour Sandaraca for the right Sandaraca is a gnawing and venemous substance whiche is founde in the mines of mettalles wherevnto this gumme is nothing lyke Iuniperus †The Nature The Iuniper tree with all his partes as leaues barke timber fruite and gumme is of complexion hoate and drie †The Vertues The fruite or beries of Iuniper is good for the stomacke lunges liuer and kidneyes it cureth the olde cough the gripinges and windinesse of the belly and prouoketh vrine to be boyled in wine or honied water and dronken Also it is good for people that be brused or squat by falling to be taken in the aforesayde manner The iuyce of the leaues doth withstand al venome especially of Vipers and Serpentes it is good to drinke the same and to lay it outwardly vppon the woundes The fruite is good for the same purpose to be taken in what sort so euer ye list Iuniper or the beries thereof burned driueth away all venemous beastes and all infection and corruption of the ayre wherefore it is good to be burned in a plague time in suche places where as the ayre is infected The rind or barke of Iuniper burned healeth the noughtie scurffe and fretting scabbes to be mingled with water and layde thereto The gumme of Iuniper is good for them whose stomackes and bowelles are combred with colde flegmes it expelleth all sortes of wormes and stayeth the inordinate course of womens flowers The parfume of Vernix is good for the brayne drieth vp the superfluous humors of the head and stoppeth the falling downe of reume or humors from the same This gumme tempered with Oyle of Roses helpeth the riftes cones or chappinges of the handes and feete Of Cedar tree Chap. lxxxiij ¶ The Kindes THere be two sortes of Cedar great small The smal fruite also is of two sortes the one with sharpe prickley leaues like Iuniper the other are not prickley at all †The Description THE great Cedar waxeth very stowte tall high great thicke yea greater higher then the figge tree The barke euen from the foote of the stem vnto the first branches is rough and from thence foorth euen vp to the toppe is very smoth playne of a darke blew colour out of which there droppeth white Rosen of his owne kind which is moyst and odoriferant or sweete smelling the which by the heate of sonne becommeth dry and harde His limmes and branches be long and stretched out into length breadth and parted into many other small branches standing directly or right one against another lyke as in the Firre tree The sayde branches be clad and garnished with many smal litle leaues thicke short and sweete smelling like the leaues of Larix or Larche tree The fruit is like that of the Firre tree sauing that it is greater thicker harder the tree groweth straight vpright like the Firre tree as the paineful diligent Peter Belon hath written From the tronke or stemme of the Cedar tree there commeth foorth a certayne cleare liquor which the olde writers called Cedria Oxycedrus The first kind of the smaller Cedar is much like to Iuniper but most cōmonly it is somwhat smaller The stem is croked or writhed couered with a rough barke The fruit is round beries like Iuniper beries but somwhat greater in colour at the first greene then yellow at last reddish of an indifferent good tast The second kind of smal Cedar groweth not high but remayneth alwayes