aforego_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o to_o what_o degree_n we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n that_o be_v only_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v include_v in_o that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n so_o we_o be_v hence_o also_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v prescribe_v or_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o such_o action_n only_o be_v thereby_o commend_v as_o promote_v this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o contrary_a action_n forbid_v which_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v it_o which_o be_v also_o suppose_a by_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o their_o deliberation_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o contribute_v to_o their_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n viz._n that_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o several_a state_n concern_v shall_v be_v so_o just_o moderate_v and_o equal_o balance_v that_o none_o may_v destroy_v or_o oppress_v each_o other_o thus_o between_o neighbour_a nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o common_a power_n it_o be_v chief_o provide_v in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o particular_a commonwealth_n shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v by_o the_o assistance_n and_o support_v of_o their_o confederates_n and_o ally_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o destroy_v another_o but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v still_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o power_n and_o mean_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n in_o peace_n and_o safety_n as_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o institute_v by_o men._n §_o 7._o and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o natural_a body_n that_o whilst_o they_o persevere_v in_o their_o own_o motion_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n they_o shall_v also_o contribute_v and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n from_o the_o general_a law_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o rule_n be_v also_o find_v true_a in_o animal_n it_o seem_v to_o admonish_v we_o not_o only_o as_o mere_a animal_n but_o rational_a agent_n that_o we_o contribute_v our_o particular_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o general_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o all_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possible_a effect_n but_o also_o such_o a_o one_o as_o depend_v upon_o cause_n so_o perfect_a and_o certain_a we_o may_v with_o reason_n believe_v that_o it_o will_v endure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o we_o far_o add_v to_o these_o observation_n those_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v animate_v from_o inanimate_a body_n they_o will_v yet_o more_o strong_o convince_v we_o and_o make_v we_o see_v more_o sufficient_a reason_n wherefore_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o other_o corporeal_a being_n we_o shall_v be_v chief_o solicitous_a in_o give_v our_o assistance_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a first_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o animate_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n by_o such_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n and_o a_o apt_a conformation_n of_o their_o natural_a organ_n as_o suffice_v for_o their_o generation_n sensation_n imagination_n affection_n nourishment_n and_o also_o all_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v by_o these_o action_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n endeavour_v their_o conservation_n and_o happiness_n for_o the_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v they_o and_o thereby_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n §_o 8._o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v too_o long_o upon_o these_o common_a obvious_a thing_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o themselves_o but_o shall_v from_o hence_o deduce_v something_o more_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o same_o intrinseck_n constitution_n of_o all_o animal_n whereby_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o this_o endeavour_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o there_o be_v beside_o give_v manifest_a declaration_n that_o love_v and_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a be_v also_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n of_o life_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v from_o the_o same_o concourse_n of_o external_n and_o internal_a cause_n that_o all_o rational_a agent_n can_v but_o be_v sensible_a or_o mindful_a of_o these_o indication_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n contain_v the_o sense_n and_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o latter_a regard_v its_o promulgation_n or_o the_o manner_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o i_o shall_v explain_v each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o corporeal_a bulk_n even_o of_o the_o large_a animal_n be_v contain_v within_o a_o small_a and_o narrow_a compass_n as_o also_o that_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o can_v live_v or_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o long_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o they_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o preservation_n or_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o concurrence_n of_o more_o of_o they_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o may_v be_v free_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o whence_o they_o be_v natural_o lead_v to_o desire_v but_o a_o few_o particular_a thing_n but_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o divers_a other_o in_o common_a who_o use_n may_v yet_o be_v well_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o without_o exhaust_v their_o store_n such_o as_o be_v the_o free_a enjoyment_n of_o air_n light_n fire_n water_n etc._n etc._n and_o far_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o their_o body_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o hinder_v the_o effusion_n govern_v also_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n fix_v bound_n to_o those_o appetite_n and_o necessity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v urge_v to_o seek_v their_o own_o preservation_n so_o that_o those_o few_o thing_n that_o suffice_v to_o repair_v the_o vital_a flame_n which_o daily_o consume_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_a not_o only_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o life_n and_o natural_a strength_n but_o also_o for_o enable_v they_o to_o contribute_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o last_o the_o structure_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o their_o aliment_n be_v digest_v and_o of_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o chyle_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n that_o receive_v it_o be_v but_o narrow_a require_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n to_o fill_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o brute_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o mr._n h_n error_n of_o judge_v or_o desire_v all_o thing_n whatever_o as_o necessary_a for_o its_o own_o preservation_n since_o from_o the_o intrinseck_n and_o constituent_a part_n of_o all_o animal_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n suffice_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o if_o so_o few_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n they_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o product_n which_o the_o earth_n so_o plentiful_o bring_v forth_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n since_o the_o finite_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n limit_v their_o appetite_n to_o the_o desire_v and_o their_o power_n only_o to_o the_o use_v a_o few_o necessary_a thing_n from_o this_o use_n and_o necessity_n there_o arise_v a_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n among_o divers_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o allowance_n or_o permission_n of_o which_o distribution_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o mutual_a concord_n and_o benevolence_n among_o they_o and_o which_o their_o nature_n require_v for_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o if_o this_o innate_a love_n or_o desire_v of_o self-preservation_n in_o animal_n be_v limit_v after_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v this_o once_o satisfy_v there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v withstand_v or_o obstruct_v the_o conservation_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n either_o by_o hinder_v their_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o need_v or_o in_o refuse_v to_o lend_v they_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o that_o it_o
to_o all_o thing_n that_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o and_o that_o they_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n can_v no_o more_o make_v they_o become_v so_o than_o if_o he_o shall_v judge_v that_o ratsbane_n be_v sugar-candy_n it_o will_v be_v thereby_o present_o turn_v into_o wholesome_a food_n so_o likewise_o those_o general_n and_o universal_a cause_n which_o procure_v the_o preservation_n or_o mischief_n of_o mankind_n do_v depend_v upon_o such_o fix_a principle_n in_o nature_n as_o be_v not_o to_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o judge_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o single_a man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o the_o supreme_a power_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n §_o 5._o but_o this_o error_n of_o mr._n h._n concern_v the_o force_n of_o his_o sentence_n which_o thus_o false_o pronounce_v a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n and_o thereby_o to_o confer_v a_o right_a thereunto_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o hence_o that_o he_o have_v observe_v in_o a_o civil_a state_n the_o sentence_n of_o the_o supreme_a magistrate_n or_o judge_n have_v that_o force_n with_o the_o subject_n that_o whether_o his_o sentence_n be_v according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n or_o natural_a equity_n or_o not_o it_o be_v nevertheless_o to_o be_v obey_v and_o submit_v to_o whereas_o this_o submission_n proceed_v whole_o from_o their_o consent_n who_o institute_v the_o commonwealth_n in_o order_n to_o the_o public_a good_a and_o for_o the_o put_v some_o end_n to_o controversy_n since_o all_o the_o subject_n must_v submit_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n or_o magistrate_n whether_o it_o be_v right_a or_o wrong_n because_o they_o be_v all_o satisfy_v that_o it_o conduce_v more_o to_o their_o common_a quiet_a and_o safety_n that_o some_o few_o shall_v sometime_o suffer_v through_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n than_o that_o controversy_n shall_v be_v endless_a or_o at_o least_o not_o without_o civil_a war_n or_o disturbance_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v only_o from_o a_o great_a care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a than_o of_o the_o life_n or_o estate_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n that_o lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o this_o prerogative_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v belong_v to_o all_o supreme_a power_n yet_o if_o this_o once_o come_v to_o be_v general_o and_o notorious_o abuse_v by_o constant_a course_n of_o wilful_a violence_n oppression_n and_o injustice_n so_o that_o the_o subject_n can_v long_o bear_v it_o they_o will_v quick_o make_v their_o appeal_n somewhere_o else_o unless_o they_o be_v hinder_v by_o some_o predominant_a power_n or_o force_v over_o they_o §_o 6._o but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n can_v admit_v of_o any_o final_a judgement_n or_o determination_n of_o a_o doubt_n or_o difference_n beside_o a_o evidence_n either_o from_o the_o thing_n themselves_o or_o from_o that_o trust_n or_o credit_n they_o place_n in_o some_o man_n either_o judgement_n or_o testimony_n whereby_o all_o manner_n of_o doubt_n or_o scruple_n be_v clear_o remove_v out_o of_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o party_n concern_v and_o that_o it_o appear_v evident_a to_o they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o impose_v upon_o neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o end_n of_o debate_n among_o divers_a pretender_n unless_o one_o party_n be_v convince_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o other_o reason_n come_v over_o to_o his_o or_o their_o opinion_n or_o else_o be_v satisfy_v of_o the_o knowledge_n and_o integrity_n of_o some_o three_o person_n as_o a_o arbitrator_n do_v willing_o submit_v to_o his_o sentence_n §_o 7._o for_o humane_a nature_n will_v ever_o acknowledge_v a_o difference_n between_o right_a reason_n and_o false_a and_o between_o a_o just_a and_o a_o unjust_a judgement_n and_o it_o be_v only_a truth_n and_o right_a reason_n that_o have_v this_o prerogative_n that_o they_o can_v confer_v a_o right_n on_o we_o of_o do_v those_o thing_n which_o they_o prescribe_v for_o even_o mr._n h._n in_o his_o definition_n of_o right_n acknowledge_v that_o it_o be_v only_o a_o liberty_n of_o use_v our_o faculty_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n whereas_o all_o error_n or_o false_a judgement_n whether_o it_o be_v concern_v necessary_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o life_n or_o in_o any_o other_o practical_a matter_n can_v give_v no_o man_n a_o right_a of_o do_v that_o which_o he_o then_o false_o judge_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n and_o therefore_o mr._n h_n conclusion_n where_o he_o acknowledge_v at_o last_o that_o right_a reason_n be_v that_o which_o conclude_v from_o true_a principle_n and_o likewise_o that_o in_o the_o false_a reason_n and_o folly_n of_o man_n in_o not_o understand_v their_o duty_n towards_o other_o man_n consist_v all_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n grant_v as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v desire_v but_o how_o this_o will_v agree_v with_o that_o loose_a definition_n of_o reason_n where_o he_o suppose_v every_o man_n reason_n to_o be_v alike_o right_a i_o desire_v any_o of_o his_o disciple_n to_o show_v i_o therefore_o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v only_o allow_v that_o to_o be_v practical_a right_a reason_n which_o give_v we_o leave_v to_o undertake_v thing_n reasonable_a and_o possible_a and_o that_o forbid_v a_o man_n to_o arrogate_v to_o himself_o alone_o a_o dominion_n over_o all_o man_n and_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v needless_a and_o impossible_a indeed_o whole_o pernicious_a to_o his_o preservation_n §_o 8._o but_o to_o avoid_v this_o difficulty_n mr._n h._n and_o his_o follower_n fly_v to_o the_o subterfuge_n of_o a_o natural_a necessity_n in_o man_n that_o so_o judge_v thus_o false_o and_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n and_o therefore_o in_o his_o preface_n to_o this_o treatise_n he_o suppose_v all_o man_n to_o be_v evil_a by_o nature_n and_o make_v they_o necessary_o determine_v by_o their_o appetite_n and_o passion_n before_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o reason_n and_o discipline_n to_o act_v mischievous_o and_o unreasonable_o and_o therefore_o tell_v we_o that_o child_n unless_o you_o give_v they_o every_o thing_n they_o desire_v cry_v and_o be_v angry_a and_o will_v strike_v their_o very_a father_n and_o mother_n and_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n they_o do_v so_o and_o yet_o be_v blameless_a as_o well_o because_o they_o can_v hurt_v as_o also_o that_o want_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n they_o be_v yet_o free_a from_o all_o its_o duty_n but_o the_o same_o person_n when_o grow_v up_o and_o have_v get_v strength_n enough_o to_o hurt_v if_o they_o hold_v on_o to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n they_o then_o begin_v both_o to_o be_v and_o to_o be_v call_v evil_a so_o that_o a_o wicked_a man_n be_v almost_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o a_o overgrow_a child_n or_o a_o man_n of_o a_o childish_a disposition_n because_o there_o be_v the_o same_o defect_n of_o reason_n at_o that_o age_n in_o which_o by_o nature_n improve_v by_o discipline_n and_o experience_n of_o its_o inconvenience_n it_o common_o happen_v to_o be_v amend_v so_o likewise_o the_o author_n of_o tractatus_fw-la theologico_fw-la politicus_fw-la who_o more_o open_o than_o mr._n h._n but_o upon_o the_o same_o principle_n endeavour_v to_o destroy_v all_o religion_n both_o natural_a and_o reveal_v argue_v to_o this_o purpose_n in_o the_o 16_o chap._n of_o the_o say_a treatise_n first_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n he_o understand_v nothing_o but_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o individual_a according_a to_o which_o we_o conceive_v each_o of_o they_o natural_o determine_v to_o exist_v after_o a_o certain_a manner_n thus_o fish_n be_v ordain_v to_o swim_v and_o the_o great_a one_o to_o devour_v the_o less_o therefore_o fish_n live_v in_o the_o water_n and_o devour_v each_o other_o by_o the_o high_a right_n for_o nature_n consider_v simple_o have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n it_o can_v do_v or_o its_o right_n extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o its_o power_n since_o the_o power_n of_o nature_n be_v but_o the_o power_n of_o god_n who_o have_v the_o high_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n but_o because_o the_o power_n of_o universal_a nature_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o individual_a creature_n together_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o individual_a have_v the_o high_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n it_o can_v do_v that_o be_v it_o extend_v itself_o as_o far_o as_o its_o power_n and_o since_o it_o be_v the_o first_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o every_o thing_n shall_v endeavour_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v able_a to_o preserve_v itself_o in_o its_o natural_a state_n and_o that_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o creature_n but_o only_o of_o itself_o therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o every_o individual_a have_v the_o high_a right_a to_o exist_v and_o operate_v as_o
the_o nature_n of_o this_o be_v before_o other_o which_o effect_n likewise_o discover_v to_o we_o the_o hide_a power_n and_o intrinsic_a nature_n of_o thing_n these_o strike_v upon_o our_o sense_n and_o beget_v a_o knowledge_n in_o we_o of_o those_o thing_n from_o whence_o they_o flow_v which_o good_n i_o grant_v may_v be_v different_a according_a to_o the_o divers_a nature_n of_o those_o being_n which_o they_o respect_v thus_o a_o suitable_a soil_n air_n and_o moisture_n be_v natural_o good_a for_o plant_n because_o they_o be_v agreeable_a to_o their_o nature_n and_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n growth_n and_o perfection_n so_o likewise_o convenient_a food_n health_n and_o liberty_n be_v natural_o good_a for_o a_o animal_n since_o they_o serve_v for_o their_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v to_o live_v so_o likewise_o that_o be_v also_o good_a for_o man_n which_o preserve_v and_o increase_v the_o power_n of_o his_o mind_n and_o body_n without_o do_v hurt_v to_o or_o prejudice_v any_o other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n nor_o do_v the_o mind_n of_o man_n make_v these_o rule_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o one_o or_o a_o few_o creature_n of_o a_o sort_n but_o be_v able_a from_o the_o knowledge_n it_o have_v of_o singular_n to_o make_v certain_a general_a proposition_n or_o conclusion_n concern_v what_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a for_o the_o whole_a species_n or_o kind_a who_o nature_n he_o have_v inquire_v into_o because_o since_o there_o be_v the_o same_o general_a nature_n in_o every_o one_o of_o the_o individual_n of_o this_o or_o that_o kind_a the_o true_a happiness_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o be_v once_o know_v it_o be_v easy_a likewise_o to_o know_v what_o share_n and_o kind_n of_o happiness_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v by_o all_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o understanding_n in_o knowledge_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o will_n by_o sedate_n and_o regular_a affection_n as_o also_o the_o health_n and_o vigour_n of_o the_o body_n in_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o particular_a man_n do_v chief_o consist_v do_v also_o comprehend_v if_o universal_o consider_v the_o common_a happiness_n of_o all_o man_n that_o ever_o have_v be_v or_o shall_v be_v bear_v which_o also_o may_v be_v affirm_v concern_v the_o mean_n to_o these_o natural_a good_n and_o which_o be_v require_v as_o necessary_a to_o all_o mankind_n such_o as_o food_n exercise_n sleep_v and_o the_o like_a and_o this_o because_o of_o the_o identity_n between_o the_o part_n and_o the_o whole_a that_o be_v between_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o one_o or_o more_o man_n with_o that_o whole_a systeme_n of_o rational_a agent_n comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n and_o idea_n of_o mankind_n from_o whence_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o whatsoever_o do_v good_a to_o one_o member_n or_o part_n of_o this_o aggregate_v body_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v unhurt_a or_o unprejudiced_a thereby_o may_v be_v true_o say_v to_o do_v good_a to_o the_o whole_a aggregate_v body_n of_o mankind_n which_o consideration_n may_v excite_v we_o to_o a_o due_a care_n of_o ourselves_o provide_v it_o be_v not_o prejudicial_a to_o other_o from_o a_o consideration_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n analogical_o unto_o this_o we_o may_v also_o judge_v that_o to_o promote_v the_o efficacy_n of_o god_n natural_a right_n to_o rule_v ourselves_o and_o all_o other_o rational_a creature_n be_v to_o perform_v a_o thing_n good_a or_o grateful_a to_o god_n as_o supreme_a governor_n of_o the_o world_n and_o this_o we_o do_v by_o a_o due_a care_n to_o promote_v obedience_n to_o his_o own_o law_n either_o in_o ourselves_o or_o other_o and_o therefore_o though_o we_o so_o far_o agree_v with_o mr._n h._n that_o that_o may_v be_v call_v good_a which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o any_o other_o be_v and_o so_o must_v be_v mean_v relative_o yet_o do_v not_o this_o always_o refer_v to_o the_o appetite_n of_o he_o that_o desire_v it_o nor_o yet_o to_o the_o irrational_a opinion_n of_o any_o one_o or_o more_o man_n if_o they_o judge_v contrary_a to_o the_o rule_n and_o principle_n of_o nature_n or_o reason_n and_o therefore_o though_o a_o wench_n that_o have_v the_o green-sickness_n by_o reason_n of_o her_o deprave_a appetite_n may_v fancy_v tobacco-pipe_n or_o charcoal_n to_o have_v a_o excellent_a relish_n and_o so_o to_o be_v good_a for_o she_o yet_o will_v not_o her_o think_v so_o make_v they_o become_v a_o wholesome_a nourishment_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o action_n or_o vice_n which_o a_o vicious_a or_o unreasonable_a man_n may_v take_v pleasure_n in_o such_o as_o drunkenness_n whoredom_n etc._n etc._n which_o howsoever_o they_o may_v please_v he_o at_o the_o present_a yet_o will_v certain_o in_o time_n destroy_v he_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v not_o true_a which_o mr._n h._n here_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o good_a and_o evil_a be_v only_o to_o be_v take_v in_o respect_n of_o he_o who_o at_o that_o time_n it_o please_v or_o displease_v whereas_o every_o rational_a man_n ought_v first_o right_o to_o judge_v what_o thing_n be_v good_a and_o then_o to_o desire_v they_o because_o they_o be_v real_o so_o that_o be_v because_o their_o natural_a power_n or_o effect_n be_v real_o helpful_a or_o agreeable_a to_o our_o nature_n and_o to_o consider_v a_o private_a good_a as_o that_o which_o profit_v one_o person_n and_o a_o common_a good_a as_o it_o profit_v many_o and_o that_o not_o because_o it_o be_v at_o that_o instant_n desire_v and_o approve_v of_o out_o of_o a_o deprave_a appetite_n or_o wanton_a humour_n it_o be_v only_o the_o part_n of_o brute_n madman_n and_o fool_n to_o measure_v the_o goodness_n of_o thing_n or_o action_n by_o their_o present_a lust_n without_o any_o government_n of_o reason_n or_o thought_n of_o the_o future_a §_o 6._o but_o mr._n h._n himself_o do_v sometime_o talk_v more_o sober_o and_o though_o he_o do_v here_o as_o also_o elsewhere_o inculcate_v that_o every_o thing_n be_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o person_n that_o so_o judge_v it_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o else_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n of_o the_o person_n that_o represent_v the_o commonwealth_n yet_o in_o his_o leviathan_n chap._n 30._o when_o he_o reckon_v up_o the_o office_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n he_o make_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a to_o be_v the_o make_n of_o good_a law_n now_o he_o there_o tell_v we_o a_o good_a law_n be_v that_o which_o be_v needful_a for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n and_o withal_o perspicuous_a and_o a_o little_a far_o he_o thus_o go_v on_o and_o therefore_o a_o law_n that_o be_v not_o needful_a have_v not_o the_o true_a end_n of_o a_o law_n be_v not_o good_a a_o law_n may_v be_v conceive_v to_o be_v good_a when_o it_o be_v for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o sovereign_n though_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a for_o the_o people_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o where_o you_o see_v the_o good_a of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v certain_o that_o which_o be_v common_a to_o many_o be_v here_o acknowledge_v by_o he_o and_o propose_v as_o the_o main_a end_n of_o the_o legislator_n duty_n but_o this_o end_n be_v thus_o propose_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o it_o be_v first_o to_o be_v know_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o law_n can_v prescribe_v what_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n for_o the_o people_n so_o likewise_o chap._n 14._o §_o 4._o of_o his_o de_n cive_z speaking_z concern_v the_o rule_n of_o right_a judgement_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o prescribe_v any_o universal_a rule_n whereby_o all_o controversy_n which_o will_v be_v infinite_a may_v be_v judge_v it_o be_v still_o understand_v in_o every_o case_n pretermit_v by_o the_o write_a law_n that_o the_o law_n of_o natural_a equity_n be_v to_o be_v follow_v where_o you_o see_v he_o grant_v that_o the_o law_n of_o natural_a equity_n may_v be_v know_v and_o follow_v and_o that_o divers_a more_o case_n may_v be_v determine_v from_o thence_o than_o can_v be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n themselves_o but_o we_o do_v only_o so_o far_o contend_v with_o he_o that_o some_o rule_n of_o equity_n may_v be_v so_o evident_o and_o natural_o know_v that_o all_o honest_a and_o sincere_a man_n can_v at_o all_o differ_v about_o they_o though_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o free_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v divers_a thing_n so_o indifferent_a that_o no_o human_a reason_n can_v universal_o determine_v that_o it_o be_v more_o necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a that_o a_o thing_n be_v do_v or_o a_o case_n judge_v this_o way_n rather_o than_o the_o other_o §_o 7._o have_v state_v what_o we_o
and_o that_o man_n natural_a propension_n to_o a_o benevolence_n towards_o other_o be_v not_o so_o strong_a in_o man_n as_o in_o other_o animal_n so_o that_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o impartial_a reader_n whether_o upon_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o his_o answer_n and_o our_o reply_v he_o will_v conclude_v as_o this_o author_n do_v in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr homine_fw-la chap._n 10._o that_o man_n do_v exceed_v wolf_n bear_n and_o serpent_n in_o cruelty_n and_o rapacity_n who_o be_v not_o rapacious_a beyond_o hunger_n which_o if_o he_o have_v affirm_v of_o some_o man_n who_o be_v degenerate_v from_o all_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n have_v not_o be_v much_o amiss_o but_o to_o affirm_v it_o of_o all_o mankind_n in_o general_n be_v too_o severe_a and_o false_a a_o censure_n to_o be_v let_v pass_v whereas_o it_o must_v be_v at_o the_o worst_a acknowledge_v that_o no_o general_a proposition_n can_v be_v make_v concern_v the_o particular_a passion_n and_o humour_n of_o all_o man_n since_o there_o be_v not_o only_o a_o great_a difference_n of_o wit_n but_o also_o a_o great_a variety_n of_o passion_n and_o inclination_n among_o man_n than_o brute_n and_o that_o not_o only_o among_o whole_a nation_n but_o particular_a person_n for_o all_o the_o kind_n of_o brute_n have_v almost_o the_o like_a inclination_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o like_a passion_n and_o appetite_n so_o that_o if_o you_o know_v one_o of_o they_o you_o almost_o know_v they_o all_o but_o in_o mankind_n so_o many_o man_n so_o many_o mind_n and_o so_o many_o almost_o several_a humour_n and_o disposition_n and_o which_o be_v more_o the_o same_o man_n do_v not_o only_o differ_v from_o other_o but_o also_o oftentimes_o from_o himself_o and_o that_o which_o at_o one_o time_n he_o mighty_o love_v and_o approve_v of_o at_o another_o he_o abhor_v and_o condemn_v §_o 16._o yet_o so_o much_o i_o shall_v grant_v mr._n h._n that_o man_n be_v torment_v with_o many_o passion_n unknown_a to_o brute_n such_o as_o be_v covetousness_n ambition_n vainglory_n envy_n emulation_n or_o strife_n of_o wit_n with_o the_o sense_n of_o which_o brute_n be_v not_o at_o all_o concern_v all_o which_o i_o confess_v do_v extreme_o hinder_v man_n natural_a peace_n and_o concord_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o have_v not_o only_o several_a other_o passion_n that_o as_o strong_o persuade_v he_o to_o seek_v and_o observe_v they_o yet_o god_n have_v also_o endue_v he_o with_o reason_n whereby_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o own_o nature_n and_o of_o other_o thing_n he_o may_v attain_v a_o knowledge_n of_o his_o deity_n and_o be_v thereby_o lead_v to_o discover_v that_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o only_o bare_a dictate_v of_o reason_n but_o be_v also_o law_n true_o establish_v by_o the_o will_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n for_o his_o own_o honour_n and_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n but_o so_o far_o i_o shall_v agree_v with_o mr._n h._n that_o in_o any_o country_n where_o man_n live_v without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o reveal_v that_o in_o all_o those_o place_n they_o be_v in_o as_o bad_a or_o worse_a state_n than_o brute_n can_v be_v imagine_v to_o be_v §_o 17._o to_o conclude_v i_o can_v but_o take_v notice_n that_o mr._n h_n hypothesis_n labour_v under_o these_o great_a absurdity_n first_o he_o suppose_v that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n a_o man_n reason_n tell_v he_o that_o his_o self-preservation_n can_v be_v obtain_v without_o this_o war_n against_o all_o man_n but_o afterward_o find_v by_o experience_n the_o fatal_a evil_n and_o mischief_n proceed_v from_o this_o kind_n of_o life_n to_o have_v also_o by_o his_o reason_n find_v out_o and_o then_o propose_v those_o condition_n of_o peace_n call_v law_n of_o nature_n in_o order_n to_o his_o own_o happiness_n and_o self-preservation_n as_o if_o right_a reason_n can_v ever_o dictate_v contradictory_n or_o opposite_a mean_n to_o this_o same_o end_n such_o as_o be_v a_o state_n of_o war_n and_o a_o state_n of_o peace_n a_o neglect_n and_o violation_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o lawful_a and_o necessary_a for_o a_o man_n safety_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o a_o strict_a observation_n of_o they_o when_o once_o enter_v into_o a_o civil_a state_n for_o the_o same_o design_n second_o this_o hypothesis_n be_v high_o derogatory_n to_o the_o goodness_n and_o providence_n of_o god_n for_o if_o he_o be_v the_o author_n and_o creator_n of_o mankind_n as_o certain_o he_o be_v than_o whoever_o believe_v this_o 127._o hypothesis_n must_v also_o believe_v that_o god_n contrive_v thing_n so_o ill_o that_o unless_o his_o creature_n have_v be_v more_o cunning_a and_o provident_a than_o himself_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n like_o the_o earthborn_a brethren_n in_o ovid_n metamorphosis_n have_v perish_v by_o each_o other_o hand_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v make_v so_o that_o the_o preservation_n and_o well-being_n of_o mankind_n will_v be_v entire_o attribute_v to_o their_o own_o wit_n and_o cunning_a and_o not_o to_o god_n goodness_n or_o providence_n who_o must_v have_v send_v his_o creature_n into_o the_o world_n in_o such_o a_o evil_a state_n as_o shall_v oblige_v they_o first_o to_o seek_v their_o own_o mutual_a ruin_n and_o destruction_n as_o the_o way_n to_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o mankind_n must_v owe_v all_o the_o happiness_n and_o comfort_n of_o their_o life_n not_o to_o their_o creator_n but_o themselves_o since_o with_o he_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereby_o they_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o give_v or_o establish_v by_o god_n their_o legislator_n but_o be_v only_o so_o many_o rule_n of_o art_n or_o humane_a wit_n like_o other_o invention_n of_o man_n contrive_v and_o still_o suppose_v man_n to_o be_v depart_v from_o that_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n in_o which_o god_n put_v he_o into_o a_o artificial_a one_o of_o peace_n of_o his_o own_o make_n but_o certain_o the_o deity_n that_o make_v we_o if_o we_o suppose_v he_o good_a and_o wise_a make_v we_o not_o to_o be_v miserable_a as_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v we_o must_v have_v be_v have_v we_o continue_v in_o this_o state_n of_o war._n so_o that_o to_o suppose_v god_n make_v we_o and_o leave_v we_o in_o that_o condition_n it_o be_v direct_o to_o deny_v our_o creator_n goodness_n and_o then_o if_o we_o suppose_v he_o wise_a we_o can_v imagine_v that_o he_o will_v frame_v a_o sort_n of_o creature_n only_o to_o destroy_v themselves_o unless_o we_o can_v believe_v his_o only_a design_n be_v to_o sport_v himself_o in_o their_o folly_n and_o madness_n in_o behold_v they_o by_o all_o the_o way_n and_o art_n of_o force_n and_o fraud_n contrive_v their_o own_o mutual_a destruction_n and_o therefore_o if_o the_o creation_n of_o man_n be_v the_o product_n of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n his_o natural_a state_n must_v have_v be_v that_o of_o peace_n and_o not_o such_o a_o condition_n as_o that_o which_o this_o author_n suppose_v last_o mr._n h._n do_v himself_o ingenious_o confess_v that_o he_o believe_v there_o be_v never_o actual_o such_o a_o state_n of_o war_n as_o he_o suppose_v and_o describe_v and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v both_o lawful_a and_o usual_a for_o natural_a philosopher_n who_o not_o be_v able_a through_o the_o imbecility_n of_o our_o humane_a faculty_n to_o discover_v the_o true_a nature_n and_o essence_n of_o body_n or_o other_o substance_n do_v therefore_o take_v a_o liberty_n to_o seign_v or_o suppose_v such_o a_o hypothesis_n as_o they_o think_v will_v best_a suit_n with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n themselves_o of_o which_o they_o intend_v to_o treat_v and_o from_o thence_o to_o frame_v a_o body_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n or_o physics_n as_o aristotle_n of_o old_a and_o mounseur_fw-fr des_fw-mi cartes_n in_o our_o age_n have_v perform_v yet_o can_v we_o not_o allow_v the_o same_o liberty_n in_o moral_a or_o practical_a philosophy_n as_o in_o speculative_a and_o therefore_o such_o a_o precarious_a hypothesis_n as_o this_o of_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v admit_v as_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o that_o natural_a right_n which_o every_o man_n have_v to_o preserve_v himself_o for_o whether_o we_o consider_v mankind_n to_o have_v be_v together_o with_o the_o world_n generate_v from_o all_o eternity_n as_o aristotle_n and_o the_o more_o modern_a platonist_n do_v believe_v or_o else_o to_o have_v spring_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n like_o mushroom_n as_o epicurus_n of_o old_a and_o mr._n h._n in_o his_o de_n cive_z suppose_v or_o else_o as_o we_o according_a to_o the_o divine_a revelation_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v believe_v that_o mankind_n be_v at_o first_o propagate_v from_o one_o man_n and_o one_o woman_n create_v for_o
be_v common_o receive_v and_o practise_v by_o most_o nation_n for_o their_o general_a usefulness_n and_o conveniency_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o there_o be_v still_o require_v the_o knowledge_n of_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n by_o who_o authority_n alone_o they_o can_v obtain_v the_o force_n of_o law_n the_o proof_n of_o which_o though_o the_o most_o material_a part_n of_o the_o question_n have_v be_v hitherto_o omit_v or_o but_o slight_o touch_v by_o former_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o beside_o the_o objection_n of_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_n mr._n selden_n and_o mr._n hobbs_n have_v also_o argue_v against_o this_o method_n though_o upon_o divers_a principle_n and_o from_o different_a design_n the_o latter_a intend_v that_o no_o body_n shall_v receive_v these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n as_o obligatory_a to_o outward_a action_n before_o a_o supreme_a civil_a power_n be_v institute_v who_o shall_v ordain_v they_o to_o be_v observe_v as_o law_n and_o though_o he_o sometime_o vouchsafe_v they_o that_o title_n yet_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 14._o he_o tell_v we_o that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n they_o be_v but_o improper_o call_v so_o and_o that_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v be_v find_v large_o describe_v in_o the_o write_n of_o philosopher_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o for_o this_o cause_n to_o be_v call_v law_n any_o more_o than_o the_o write_n or_o opinion_n of_o lawyer_n be_v law_n till_o confirm_v and_o make_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a power_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n mr._n selden_n more_o fair_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o want_n of_o authority_n in_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n consider_v only_o as_o such_o that_o he_o may_v from_o hence_o show_v we_o a_o necessity_n of_o recur_v to_o the_o legislative_a power_n of_o god_n and_o that_o he_o may_v thereby_o make_v out_o that_o those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n do_v only_o acquire_v the_o force_n of_o law_n because_o all_o our_o knowledge_n of_o 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it_o still_o seem_v to_o i_o that_o he_o have_v not_o sufficient_o answer_v his_o own_o objection_n concern_v man_n ignorance_n or_o want_v of_o discovery_n of_o the_o lawgiver_n for_o although_o it_o shall_v be_v grant_v that_o those_o tradition_n they_o call_v the_o precept_n of_o noah_n shall_v be_v never_o so_o general_o or_o firm_o believe_v by_o the_o whole_a jewish_a nation_n yet_o be_v they_o not_o therefore_o make_v know_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o one_o of_o they_o viz._n that_o of_o not_o eat_v any_o part_n or_o member_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n be_v just_o deride_v and_o receive_v with_o scorn_n by_o all_o other_o nation_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a to_o i_o that_o the_o unwritten_a tradition_n of_o the_o learned_a man_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n can_v be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o sufficient_a promulgation_n make_v by_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n of_o those_o law_n or_o precept_n therein_o contain_v and_o that_o all_o nation_n who_o perhaps_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o adam_n or_o noah_n shall_v be_v condemn_v for_o not_o live_v according_o to_o they_o especial_o when_o we_o consider_v that_o it_o be_v but_o in_o these_o latter_a age_n of_o the_o world_n that_o the_o jewish_a rabbin_n begin_v to_o commit_v these_o tradition_n to_o write_v and_o that_o it_o be_v most_o probable_a the_o ancient_a jew_n know_v nothing_o of_o they_o since_o neither_o josephus_n nor_o philo_n judaeus_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o these_o precept_n in_o their_o write_n therefore_o that_o the_o divine_a authority_n of_o those_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n or_o rule_n of_o life_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v more_o evident_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o all_o consider_v man_n it_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o best_a and_o fit_a method_n to_o inquire_v first_o into_o their_o natural_a cause_n as_o well_o internal_a as_o external_a remote_a as_o near_o since_o by_o this_o series_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n we_o may_v at_o last_o be_v more_o easy_o bring_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n their_o first_o cause_n from_o who_o intrinsic_a perfection_n and_o extrinsic_a sanction_n by_o fit_a reward_n and_o due_a punishment_n we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o show_v that_o as_o well_o their_o authority_n as_o promulgation_n be_v derive_v i_o know_v indeed_o that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o former_a writer_n have_v be_v content_a to_o suppose_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o reason_n and_o all_o act_n conformable_a thereunto_o be_v teach_v we_o by_o nature_n or_o at_o most_o do_v only_o affirm_v in_o general_a that_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n without_o show_v we_o which_o way_n or_o the_o manner_n how_o therefore_o it_o seem_v high_o necessary_a to_o we_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o inquire_v more_o exact_o how_o the_o force_n of_o object_n from_o without_o and_o of_o our_o own_o notion_n or_o idea_n from_o within_o we_o do_v both_o concur_v towards_o the_o imprint_n and_o fix_v these_o principle_n in_o our_o mind_n as_o law_n derive_v from_o the_o will_n of_o god_n himself_o which_o work_n if_o it_o be_v well_o perform_v we_o hope_v may_v prove_v of_o great_a use_n not_o only_o to_o our_o own_o nation_n but_o to_o all_o mankind_n because_o from_o hence_o it_o may_v appear_v both_o by_o what_o mean_n man_n understand_n may_v attain_v to_o a_o true_a and_o natural_a knowledge_n of_o the_o divine_a will_n or_o law_n of_o god_n so_o that_o if_o they_o practise_v they_o not_o they_o may_v be_v leave_v without_o excuse_n and_o this_o principle_n will_v likewise_o serve_v for_o a_o general_a rule_n by_o which_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n may_v be_v try_v whether_o they_o be_v just_o and_o right_o or_o not_o that_o be_v agreeable_a with_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o may_v be_v correct_v and_o amend_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n whenever_o they_o have_v deviate_v from_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_n and_o from_o hence_o may_v also_o be_v demonstrate_v that_o there_o be_v somewhat_o in_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n as_o also_o in_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o man_n nature_n which_o administer_v present_a comfort_n and_o satisfaction_n to_o our_o mind_n from_o good_a action_n as_o also_o firm_a hope_n or_o presage_v of_o a_o future_a happiness_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o they_o when_o this_o life_n be_v end_v whereas_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o great_a misery_n and_o most_o dismal_a fear_n do_v proceed_v from_o wicked_a or_o evil_a action_n from_o whence_o the_o conscience_n seem_v furnish_v as_o it_o be_v with_o whip_n and_o scorpion_n to_o correct_v and_o punish_v all_o vice_n and_o improbity_n so_o that_o it_o may_v from_o hence_o appear_v that_o man_n be_v not_o delude_v in_o their_o moral_a notion_n either_o by_o clergyman_n or_o politician_n i_o grant_v the_o platonist_n undertake_v to_o dispatch_v
be_v the_o same_o infinite_a good_a and_o wise_a disposer_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o this_o our_o benevolence_n by_o give_v he_o glory_n love_n reverence_n and_o obedience_n fulfil_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o humanity_n towards_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n which_o answer_v both_o the_o table_n of_o the_o moral_a or_o natural_a law_n and_o in_o this_o consent_n of_o our_o mind_n with_o the_o divine_a intellect_n consist_v that_o complete_a harmony_n of_o the_o universe_n of_o intellectual_a being_n the_o great_a influence_n of_o these_o principle_n upon_o all_o the_o part_n of_o natural_a religion_n may_v be_v more_o full_o express_v and_o make_v out_o by_o these_o follow_a consideration_n 1._o the_o voluntary_a acknowledgement_n and_o consent_n of_o our_o mind_n to_o the_o perfection_n of_o the_o divine_a nature_n and_o action_n include_v the_o agreement_n and_o concurrence_n of_o our_o chief_a faculty_n viz._n the_o understanding_n and_o will_v therewith_o and_o moreover_o natural_o excite_v all_o our_o affection_n to_o comply_v with_o they_o and_o so_o strong_o dispose_v we_o in_o our_o future_a life_n and_o action_n to_o compose_v ourselves_o to_o the_o imitation_n thereof_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o ability_n particular_o these_o principle_n natural_o produce_v in_o we_o first_o praise_n and_o thanksgiving_n to_o god_n private_a and_o public_a for_o good_n already_o do_v to_o ourselves_o or_o other_o wherein_o the_o essence_n of_o prayer_n be_v contain_v 2._o hence_o also_o arise_v hope_n affiance_n or_o trust_v in_o god_n which_o i_o willing_o acknowledge_v be_v full_a of_o assurance_n when_o found_v not_o only_o on_o observation_n or_o past_a experience_n of_o providence_n but_o have_v also_o reveal_v promise_n annex_v relate_v to_o future_a good_n 3._o to_o conclude_v when_o our_o acknowledgement_n and_o high_a esteem_n of_o the_o divine_a attribute_n move_v we_o to_o the_o imitation_n thereof_o we_o must_v needs_o thereby_o arise_v to_o those_o high_a degree_n of_o charity_n or_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o great_a public_a good_a which_o we_o observe_v in_o god_n to_o prosecute_v and_o such_o charity_n import_v not_o only_o exact_a justice_n to_o all_o but_o that_o overflow_a bounty_n tenderness_n and_o sympathy_n with_o other_o beyond_o which_o humane_a nature_n can_v arrive_v because_o these_o not_o only_o harmonious_o consent_v with_o the_o like_a perfection_n in_o god_n but_o also_o cooperate_v with_o he_o to_o the_o improvement_n of_o the_o finite_a part_n of_o the_o rational_a system_n whereof_o he_o be_v the_o infinite_a yet_o sympathize_v head_n who_o declare_v he_o take_v all_o that_o be_v do_v to_o the_o member_n of_o this_o intellectual_a society_n as_o do_v to_o himself_o nevertheless_o i_o profess_v myself_o to_o understand_v this_o sympathy_n or_o compassion_n in_o god_n in_o such_o a_o sense_n only_o as_o it_o be_v understand_v in_o holy_a writ_n for_o that_o infinite_a concern_v for_o the_o good_a of_o his_o best_a creature_n which_o be_v contain_v in_o his_o infinite_a goodness_n and_o be_v a_o real_a perfection_n of_o his_o nature_n not_o imply_v any_o mistake_n of_o other_o for_o himself_o nor_o any_o capacity_n of_o be_v lessen_v or_o hurt_v by_o the_o power_n of_o any_o man_n malice_n but_o yet_o full_o answer_v nay_o infinite_o exceed_v that_o solicitous_a care_n and_o concern_v for_o the_o good_a of_o other_o which_o charity_n and_o compassion_n work_v in_o the_o best_a of_o man_n in_o short_a if_o the_o reader_n will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o peruse_v the_o three_o first_o chapter_n of_o this_o discourse_n he_o will_v find_v that_o we_o have_v in_o explain_v the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n not_o only_o give_v a_o bare_a interpretation_n of_o word_n but_o also_o have_v propose_v the_o true_a notion_n and_o nature_n of_o those_o thing_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v take_v as_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o purpose_n and_o may_v observe_v that_o by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o labour_n we_o have_v direct_o and_o immediate_o explain_v the_o power_n and_o necessity_n of_o those_o humane_a action_n which_o be_v require_v to_o the_o common_a happiness_n of_o all_o man_n and_o also_o to_o the_o private_a good_a and_o necessity_n of_o particular_a person_n although_o it_o seem_v most_o convenient_a to_o use_v such_o general_a word_n which_o may_v in_o some_o sense_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o divine_a majesty_n and_o to_o have_v do_v it_o with_o that_o design_n that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o this_o analogy_n thus_o suppose_v not_o only_o our_o obligation_n to_o piety_n and_o virtue_n but_o also_o the_o nature_n of_o divine_a justice_n and_o dominion_n may_v be_v from_o hence_o better_o understand_v but_o as_o for_o what_o concern_v the_o form_n of_o this_o proposition_n it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v whole_o practical_a as_o that_o which_o determine_v concern_v the_o certain_a effect_n of_o humane_a action_n but_o it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v note_v that_o although_o the_o word_n conduce_v or_o render_v in_o either_o of_o these_o proposition_n be_v put_v in_o the_o present_a tense_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o limit_v to_o any_o time_n present_a but_o abstract_n from_o it_o and_o because_o its_o truth_n do_v chief_o depend_v upon_o the_o identity_n of_o the_o whole_a with_o the_o part_n it_o be_v as_o plain_o true_a of_o all_o future_a time_n and_o be_v as_o often_o use_v by_o we_o in_o this_o discourse_n with_o respect_n to_o future_a as_o well_o as_o present_a action_n and_o therefore_o this_o proposition_n be_v more_o fit_a for_o our_o purpose_n because_o build_v upon_o no_o particular_a hypothesis_n for_o it_o do_v not_o suppose_v man_n bear_v in_o a_o civil_a state_n nor_o yet_o out_o of_o it_o neither_o see_v any_o kindred_n or_o relation_n to_o be_v among_o man_n as_o derive_v from_o the_o same_o common_a parent_n as_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o holy_a scripture_n since_o the_o 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not_o but_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o discourse_n that_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o render_v it_o so_o viz._n god_n consider_v as_o a_o legislator_n and_o his_o will_n or_o command_v sufficient_o declare_v to_o we_o as_o a_o law_n from_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o our_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o likewise_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o the_o next_o neither_o do_v we_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v more_o evident_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o thing_n than_o that_o he_o be_v also_o the_o author_n of_o this_o proposition_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n and_o worship_n conjoin_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v we_o have_v be_v more_o exact_a and_o have_v dwell_v long_o upon_o the_o reward_n that_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o 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show_v we_o that_o not_o the_o private_a felicity_n of_o any_o single_a man_n be_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n or_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o of_o any_o one_o who_o will_v true_o obey_v his_o will_n and_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n it_o also_o appear_v that_o those_o humane_a action_n which_o from_o their_o own_o natural_a force_n and_o efficacy_n be_v apt_a to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a be_v certain_o better_a than_o those_o which_o do_v only_o serve_v the_o private_a good_a of_o any_o one_o man_n and_o that_o by_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o a_o common_a good_a be_v great_a than_o a_o private_a so_o likewise_o those_o action_n which_o take_v the_o near_a way_n to_o attain_v this_o effect_n as_o a_o end_n be_v call_v right_o because_o of_o their_o natural_a similitude_n with_o a_o right_n or_o straight_o line_n which_o be_v always_o the_o short_a between_o the_o two_o term_n but_o the_o same_o action_n when_o compare_v with_o a_o natural_a or_o 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do_v prescribe_v and_o therefore_o we_o have_v put_v together_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n by_o which_o all_o particular_a person_n of_o sound_a mind_n be_v some_o way_n render_v capable_a of_o so_o large_a a_o society_n and_o be_v either_o more_o near_o or_o remote_o dispose_v to_o it_o and_o we_o do_v here_o entreat_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o will_v not_o consider_v those_o thing_n each_o of_o they_o single_o or_o apart_o but_o all_o together_o since_o from_o all_o of_o they_o conjoin_v he_o may_v raise_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o evince_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o most_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o man_n will_v necessary_o fail_v of_o their_o happiness_n which_o chief_o consist_v in_o the_o adequate_a or_o proper_a exercise_n of_o their_o rational_a faculty_n unless_o they_o will_v exercise_v they_o in_o cultivate_v this_o amity_n or_o love_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n to_o which_o end_v they_o be_v before_o all_o other_o animal_n particular_o adapt_v but_o from_o the_o effect_n of_o such_o action_n conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n we_o have_v also_o further_o show_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o this_o sanction_n by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v most_o common_o connect_v with_o such_o action_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n god_n as_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v to_o be_v love_v and_o honour_v by_o such_o action_n or_o endeavour_n as_o that_o the_o good_n and_o fortune_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o be_v thereby_o secure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n and_o all_o thing_n profitable_a for_o particular_a person_n procure_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o this_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o allow_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v suppose_v more_o worthy_a a_o rational_a creature_n and_o from_o whence_o great_a effect_n can_v proceed_v than_o a_o will_v always_o propeuse_n towards_o the_o good_a of_o this_o whole_a body_n govern_v by_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o right_a understanding_n therefore_o since_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v foreknow_v that_o such_o effect_n will_v follow_v from_o this_o endeavour_n no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o all_o the_o joy_n and_o present_a comfort_n of_o true_a piety_n be_v therein_o contain_v together_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n beside_o those_o many_o conveniency_n of_o peace_n and_o commerce_n with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n and_o all_o those_o emolument_n both_o of_o civil_a and_o domestic_a government_n and_o private_a friendship_n which_o be_v connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n as_o the_o common_a reward_n thereof_o and_o which_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n within_o our_o power_n be_v otherwise_o obtain_v so_o that_o he_o who_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v also_o reject_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o own_o felicity_n and_o embrace_v those_o of_o his_o misery_n as_o a_o punishment_n due_a to_o his_o folly_n in_o short_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o the_o high_a happiness_n which_o we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o self_n proceed_v from_o our_o care_n both_o of_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o love_n and_o peace_n with_o men._n and_o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o can_v only_o be_v find_v in_o his_o soul_n who_o true_o study_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o great_a reward_n that_o any_o one_o can_v acquire_v be_v necessary_o connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n
ourselves_o when_o we_o be_v persuade_v to_o do_v our_o duty_n by_o a_o consideration_n of_o benefit_n already_o receive_v as_o when_o we_o do_v it_o for_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o be_v receive_v hereafter_o yea_o he_o seem_v to_o act_v more_o generous_o who_o be_v move_v to_o act_v for_o a_o good_a only_o in_o expectation_n than_o he_o who_o do_v as_o much_o for_o the_o like_a good_a thing_n which_o he_o already_o enjoy_v but_o this_o method_n which_o we_o have_v here_o take_v to_o reduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o this_o single_a proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a seem_v the_o more_o convenient_a because_o its_o proof_n be_v more_o easy_a and_o expedite_a than_o that_o of_o so_o many_o rule_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v propose_v by_o philosopher_n and_o the_o memory_n will_v be_v less_o burden_v by_o the_o daily_a remembrance_n of_o this_o one_o proposition_n than_o of_o many_o especial_o when_o we_o be_v direct_v to_o it_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o this_o common_a good_a as_o a_o measure_n whereby_o the_o judgement_n of_o any_o consider_a man_n may_v put_v bound_n to_o his_o own_o action_n and_o passion_n in_o the_o do_n of_o which_o all_o moral_a virtue_n consist_v and_o this_o work_n aristotle_n have_v recommend_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o every_o rational_a man_n in_o his_o definition_n of_o virtue_n though_o he_o have_v not_o indeed_o show_v we_o the_o rule_n of_o make_v this_o judgement_n whereas_o our_o proposition_n teach_v we_o that_o the_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o best_a and_o great_a end_n that_o be_v respect_v be_v have_v to_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n or_o of_o that_o commonwealth_n of_o which_o god_n be_v the_o head_n and_o all_o the_o member_n be_v his_o subject_n and_o from_o this_o principle_n be_v also_o to_o be_v derive_v that_o order_n or_o preference_n among_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n according_a to_o which_o the_o former_a do_v still_o retain_v or_o limit_v the_o latter_a which_o dr._n sharrock_n have_v prudent_o and_o solid_o observe_v in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr officiis_n chap._n 10._o as_o for_o example_n that_o there_o be_v a_o prior_n reason_n for_o abstain_v from_o invade_v that_o which_o be_v another_o than_o of_o observe_v promise_n and_o likewise_o there_o be_v a_o great_a account_n to_o be_v make_v of_o faith_n once_o give_v than_o of_o return_v benefit_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o all_o these_o rule_n be_v only_o to_o be_v find_v in_o our_o principle_n because_o it_o more_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a that_o a_o prior_n law_n of_o nature_n concern_v make_v and_o preserve_a property_n shall_v not_o be_v violate_v by_o the_o invasion_n of_o another_o right_n than_o that_o any_o one_o shall_v observe_v a_o compact_a or_o promise_v when_o it_o can_v be_v do_v without_o such_o a_o invasion_n and_o there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n in_o observe_v those_o other_o law_n which_o we_o have_v reckon_v up_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n according_a to_o their_o due_a order_n and_o dignity_n so_o that_o indeed_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o wonder_v that_o we_o have_v so_o positive_o assert_v that_o no_o virtue_n can_v be_v explain_v without_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o state_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n or_o of_o the_o whole_a intellectual_a world_n for_o we_o see_v in_o natural_a philosophy_n that_o the_o accident_n of_o body_n daily_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n such_o as_o be_v the_o communication_n of_o motion_n gravitation_n and_o the_o action_n of_o light_n and_o heat_n firmness_n and_o fluidity_n rarefaction_n and_o condensation_n can_v never_o be_v explain_v without_o a_o respect_n to_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o the_o corporeal_a world_n and_o the_o motion_n therein_o to_o be_v preserve_v last_o from_o this_o order_n among_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n whereby_o all_o the_o special_a one_o be_v still_o make_v subordinate_a to_o this_o general_a one_o of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o the_o low_a of_o they_o to_o the_o high_a it_o may_v easy_o be_v show_v that_o god_n never_o dispense_v with_o they_o unless_o in_o those_o case_n in_o which_o the_o obligation_n of_o a_o low_a or_o less_o law_n may_v seem_v to_o be_v take_v away_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o action_n so_o change_v as_o that_o there_o may_v be_v only_a place_n leave_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o high_a to_o conclude_v we_o have_v here_o likewise_o show_v that_o the_o generation_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v to_o be_v deduce_v from_o these_o two_o principle_n tend_v to_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n viz._n first_o from_o that_o which_o command_v the_o constitution_n of_o a_o distinct_a property_n in_o thing_n and_o in_o the_o labour_n or_o endeavour_n of_o person_n whereby_o no_o such_o property_n be_v yet_o institute_v and_o where_o it_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o to_o preserve_v it_o inviolate_a as_o the_o chief_a and_o necessary_a medium_fw-la to_o this_o common_a good_n 2._o from_o that_o law_n which_o command_v a_o peculiar_a love_n or_o benevolence_n of_o parent_n towards_o their_o child_n for_o this_o can_v never_o have_v exert_v itself_o unless_o our_o first_o parent_n have_v permit_v their_o child_n when_o grow_v up_o to_o enjoy_v a_o part_n of_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o be_v needful_a for_o their_o future_a subsistance_n and_o so_o from_o many_o such_o father_n of_o family_n join_v together_o by_o mutual_a compact_n for_o common_a defence_n may_v arise_v the_o first_o government_n in_o the_o world_n of_o whatsoever_o kind_n you_o please_v to_o suppose_v but_o in_o the_o follow_a discourse_n we_o have_v think_v it_o best_a to_o confine_v ourselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o philosophy_n and_o have_v whole_o abstain_v from_o theological_a question_n and_o therefore_o we_o have_v not_o say_v any_o thing_n concern_v good_a or_o evil_a spirit_n or_o angel_n or_o take_v in_o their_o good_a or_o happiness_n into_o our_o hypothesis_n for_o though_o i_o doubt_v not_o of_o the_o existence_n of_o such_o intelligent_a being_n yet_o it_o be_v certain_a all_o we_o can_v understand_v of_o they_o proceed_v whole_o from_o divine_a revelation_n or_o humane_a tradition_n neither_o of_o which_o be_v true_a mean_n of_o obtain_v philosophical_a or_o natural_a knowledge_n as_o for_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n in_o which_o be_v contain_v the_o confutation_n of_o some_o of_o mr._n h_n principle_n or_o argument_n since_o the_o first_o part_n be_v entire_a without_o it_o and_o that_o the_o truth_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n to_o its_o self_n i_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o reader_n whether_o he_o will_v trouble_v himself_o to_o peruse_v it_o or_o not_o since_o all_o man_n temper_n do_v not_o alike_o suit_n with_o the_o study_n of_o controversy_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a not_o only_o to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n of_o better_a moral_a principle_n but_o also_o to_o show_v the_o falsehood_n and_o vanity_n of_o those_o he_o have_v lay_v down_o since_o otherwise_o it_o may_v have_v be_v think_v by_o some_o that_o they_o be_v altogether_o unanswerable_a yet_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v perform_v that_o unpleasant_a task_n without_o reflect_v upon_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o disturb_v the_o ash_n of_o a_o person_n who_o whilst_o he_o live_v be_v as_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v even_o by_o his_o enemy_n considerable_o famous_a both_o for_o wit_n and_o learning_n i_o have_v little_o more_o to_o add_v but_o that_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o our_o learned_a author_n who_o work_n i_o have_v now_o abridge_v have_v hit_v upon_o that_o true_a method_n of_o prove_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o the_o lord_n bacon_n in_o his_o advancement_n of_o learning_n 3._o tell_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o desire_v to_o see_v well_o perform_v and_o that_o his_o design_n be_v to_o make_v enquiry_n into_o the_o true_a fountain_n of_o justice_n and_o public_a utility_n and_o so_o in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o law_n to_o represent_v a_o kind_n of_o real_a character_n or_o idea_n of_o that_o which_o be_v true_o just_a by_o which_o general_a mark_n he_o that_o will_v bend_v his_o study_n that_o way_n and_o examine_v the_o ground_n or_o endeavour_v the_o amendment_n of_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a kingdom_n or_o state_n may_v be_v true_o guide_v in_o this_o noble_a undertake_n and_o he_o there_o proceed_v to_o give_v some_o general_a aphorism_n which_o he_o call_v the_o idea_n of_o universal_a justice_n and_o his_o five_o aphorism_n be_v very_a home_o to_o our_o purpose_n for_o he_o there_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o main_a end_n to_o which_o all_o law_n shall_v tend_v and_o whereunto_o they_o shall_v direct_v their_o decree_n and_o sanction_n be_v only_o the_o common_a good_a
knowledge_n of_o the_o reason_n and_o ground_n of_o all_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o nature_n §_o 2._o and_o also_o that_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v contain_v under_o this_o one_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a that_o prudence_n be_v nothing_o but_o the_o knowledge_n of_o our_o duty_n in_o order_n to_o the_o graet_fw-la end_n the_o common_a good_a as_o constancy_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o it_o be_v therefore_o true_a fortitude_n §_o 3._o that_o temperance_n or_o moderation_n in_o all_o corporeal_a pleasure_n be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n that_o under_o love_n and_o benevolence_n be_v contain_v the_o virtue_n of_o innocence_n meekness_n etc._n etc._n §_o 4_o 5._o equity_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 6._o the_o same_o prove_v likewise_o of_o justice_n since_o nothing_o can_v be_v call_v we_o either_o by_o natural_a or_o civil_a law_n but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o a_o natural_a and_o civil_a property_n necessary_a thereunto_o the_o one_o in_o a_o natural_a state_n the_o other_o in_o a_o civil_a society_n §_o 7._o from_o property_n arise_v the_o necessity_n of_o contract_n promise_n gift_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o this_o great_a law_n §_o 8._o from_o this_o natural_a property_n arise_v the_o virtue_n of_o moderation_n set_v bound_n to_o inordinate_a self-love_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a frugality_n no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n than_o as_o it_o render_v we_o not_o burdensome_a not_o injurious_a to_o other_o §_o 9_o the_o natural_a love_n of_o parent_n to_o their_o child_n to_o be_v exercise_v and_o limit_v with_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 10._o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o moral_a virtue_n such_o as_o temperance_n frugality_n etc._n etc._n more_o particular_o explain_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o same_o original_n and_o not_o to_o be_v understand_v without_o it_o §_o 11._o the_o same_o more_o particular_o apply_v and_o make_v out_o in_o every_o particular_a virtue_n which_o constitute_v justice_n §_o 12._o all_o the_o homolitical_a virtue_n i._n e._n such_o as_o respect_v conversation_n or_o the_o due_a use_n of_o speech_n explain_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n with_o a_o like_a respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 13_o 14_o 15._o self-love_n and_o self-preservation_n only_o lawful_a in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n §_o 16._o some_o far_a explanation_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o temperance_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v §_o 17._o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v chastity_n a_o virtue_n only_o as_o it_o tend_v to_o the_o good_a and_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 18._o another_o part_n of_o it_o viz._n modesty_n in_o seek_v of_o riches_n honour_n etc._n etc._n virtue_n only_a as_o they_o limit_v our_o self-love_n from_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o we_o have_v need_n of_o or_o deserve_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a §_o 19_o that_o a_o regard_n to_o this_o great_a rule_n run_v through_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o contain_v under_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n §_o 20._o right_o reason_n explain_v to_o be_v only_o a_o due_a consideration_n of_o this_o end_n in_o all_o moral_a action_n towards_o god_n or_o man_n and_o that_o the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o moral_a rule_n be_v as_o certain_a as_o that_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o any_o other_o natural_a cause_n and_o effect_n concern_v the_o preservation_n of_o animal_n §_o 21._o and_o that_o from_o their_o true_a understanding_n proceed_v all_o the_o certainty_n we_o can_v have_v of_o natural_a law_n notwithstanding_o there_o may_v be_v a_o sufficient_a latitude_n leave_v we_o for_o indifferent_a action_n §_o 22._o the_o common_a good_a as_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o all_o other_o good_n so_o it_o be_v a_o true_a standard_n or_o measure_n of_o they_o as_o show_v what_o good_n be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o or_o desire_v before_o other_o §_o 23._o it_o be_v only_o to_o be_v learn_v from_o hence_o what_o degree_n of_o passion_n or_o affection_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v consistent_a with_o the_o common_a good_a and_o consequent_o thereby_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o several_a degree_n and_o proportion_n of_o goodness_n and_o happiness_n §_o 24._o piety_n towards_o god_n a_o virtue_n as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o rational_a being_n §_o 25._o nothing_o a_o good_a but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n §_o 26._o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disquisition_n into_o the_o true_a ground_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o be_v that_o which_o make_v all_o moral_a philosophy_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n §_o 27._o a_o brief_a conclusion_n out_o of_o dr._n parker_n demonstration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 28._o the_o content_n of_o the_o five_o chapter_n the_o objection_n of_o two_o sort_n of_o man_n platonist_n and_o epicurean_o against_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a the_o objection_n of_o the_o former_a to_o be_v first_o consider_v their_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o be_v more_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n to_o imprint_v certain_a innate_a idea_n of_o good_a and_o evil_n on_o our_o mind_n §_o 1._o answer_v thereunto_o out_o of_o mr._n lock_n be_v essay_n etc._n etc._n §_o 2._o a_o far_a answer_n from_o st._n paul_n that_o the_o visible_a thing_n of_o the_o creation_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o the_o be_v of_o a_o god_n and_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 3._o the_o laboriousness_n of_o our_o method_n no_o material_a objection_n §_o 4._o a_o explicit_a idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a not_o always_o necessary_a to_o its_o observation_n §_o 5._o another_o objection_n against_o our_o method_n that_o it_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v this_o common_a good_a to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v chief_o good_a to_o himself_o answer_v that_o this_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v will_v prove_v a_o mistake_n though_o i_o grant_v our_o obligation_n to_o it_o as_o a_o law_n can_v extend_v far_o than_o as_o it_o concern_v our_o happiness_n or_o misery_n §_o 6_o 7._o a_o reply_n to_o the_o objection_n of_o the_o epicurean_o the_o first_o objection_n that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n goodness_n etc._n etc._n to_o permit_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a to_o depend_v upon_o the_o unreasonable_a passion_n and_o lust_n of_o mankind_n answ._n that_o god_n intend_v man_n for_o a_o voluntary_a creature_n to_o be_v move_v by_o moral_a evil_n as_o well_o as_o good_a and_o that_o god_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o restrain_v his_o action_n by_o his_o infinite_a power_n and_o providence_n §_o 8_o 9_o second_o objection_n if_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v so_o easy_a to_o be_v know_v how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v that_o so_o many_o nation_n seem_v whole_o ignorant_a of_o it_o many_o live_n without_o any_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o of_o a_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a §_o 10._o answer_n this_o objection_n be_v of_o no_o more_o weight_n against_o the_o certainty_n of_o this_o law_n than_o it_o be_v against_o that_o of_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n but_o that_o if_o they_o be_v guilty_a of_o this_o ignorance_n it_o proceed_v either_o from_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o creation_n or_o else_o from_o want_n of_o time_n or_o opportunity_n to_o consider_v these_o thing_n §_o 11._o man_n not_o make_v a_o due_a use_n of_o their_o faculty_n in_o discover_v these_o truth_n no_o objection_n against_o their_o certainty_n §_o 12._o the_o last_o objection_n that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v a_o mere_a platonic_a idea_n without_o any_o reality_n in_o nature_n §_o 13._o this_o objection_n in_o vain_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o this_o notion_n of_o the_o common_a good_a be_v make_v up_o of_o particular_n and_o that_o from_o thence_o arise_v a_o idea_n of_o a_o common_a or_o general_a good_a which_o though_o a_o complex_fw-la one_o be_v as_o true_a and_o real_a as_o any_o other_o and_o as_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n far_o prove_v from_o lock_n be_v essay_n and_o that_o mr._n h._n himself_n can_v deny_v the_o truth_n of_o this_o notion_n §_o 14._o mr._n h_n great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o you_o will_v be_v do_v by_o signify_v nothing_o without_o respect_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 15._o so_o neither_o that_o of_o preserve_v a_o man_n self_n or_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n unless_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 16._o not_o only_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o moses_n and_o
the_o gospel_n of_o jesus_n christ_n reducible_a to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o that_o this_o be_v the_o great_a design_n of_o christ_n come_v into_o the_o world_n §_o 17_o 18._o a_o conclusion_n of_o the_o whole_a §_o 19_o to_o the_o bookseller_n the_o learned_a author_n of_o this_o treatise_n send_v it_o to_o i_o then_o be_v in_o a_o private_a station_n above_o a_o year_n ago_o but_o then_o conceal_v his_o name_n from_o i_o either_o through_o his_o great_a modesty_n or_o because_o in_o his_o prudence_n he_o think_v that_o if_o i_o know_v he_o i_o may_v be_v bias_v in_o my_o judgement_n by_o the_o honour_n which_o i_o be_o oblige_v to_o have_v to_o his_o family_n and_o especial_o to_o his_o grandfather_n by_o his_o mother_n side_n the_o most_o learned_a primate_n of_o ireland_n wherefore_o i_o read_v the_o book_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o unknown_a writer_n and_o consider_v only_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o performance_n thus_o i_o find_v that_o he_o have_v not_o only_o well_o translate_v and_o epitomise_v in_o some_o place_n what_o i_o have_v write_v in_o latin_a but_o have_v full_o digest_v the_o chief_a thing_n of_o my_o design_n in_o a_o well-chosen_a method_n of_o his_o own_o with_o great_a perspicuity_n and_o have_v add_v some_o illustration_n of_o his_o own_o or_o from_o other_o learned_a author_n with_o a_o philosophical_a liberty_n which_o i_o must_v needs_o allow_v for_o this_o reason_n i_o judge_v that_o the_o then_o unknown_a author_n have_v give_v too_o low_a a_o title_n to_o his_o book_n and_o that_o i_o be_v to_o esteem_v he_o a_o good_a hyperaspistes_n or_o able_a second_n in_o this_o combat_n for_o truth_n and_o justice_n rather_o than_o a_o translater_n or_o epitomiser_n of_o what_o i_o have_v write_v this_o oblige_a i_o to_o inquire_v diligent_o after_o the_o author_n name_n and_o quality_n and_o then_o i_o soon_o obtain_v the_o favour_n and_o honour_n of_o a_o more_o intimate_a conversation_n with_o he_o hereby_o i_o soon_o find_v that_o i_o may_v safe_o leave_v the_o maintenance_n of_o that_o good_a cause_n in_o which_o i_o be_v engage_v to_o his_o great_a ability_n and_o diligence_n and_o i_o hope_v that_o since_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n have_v conquer_v the_o difficulty_n of_o the_o search_n into_o the_o rise_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n now_o many_o of_o our_o young_a gentry_n will_v be_v encourage_v to_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o way_n which_o this_o his_o treatise_n make_v plain_a before_o they_o for_o from_o thence_o they_o may_v receive_v assistance_n not_o only_o to_o discern_v the_o reasonableness_n of_o all_o virtue_n and_o morality_n which_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o ornament_n as_o they_o be_v man_n but_o also_o they_o may_v here_o see_v the_o true_a foundation_n of_o civil_a government_n and_o property_n which_o they_o be_v most_o oblige_v to_o understand_v because_o as_o gentleman_n they_o be_v bear_v to_o the_o great_a interest_n in_o they_o both_o i_o need_v add_v no_o more_o to_o give_v you_o assurance_n that_o i_o free_o consent_v to_o your_o print_n of_o this_o book_n and_o be_o your_o affectionate_a friend_n ric._n peterborough_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o its_o obligation_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o first_o mean_n of_o discover_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n viz._n the_o nature_n of_o thing_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o introduction_n to_o this_o discourse_n show_v you_o those_o several_a method_n by_o which_o divers_a author_n have_v endeavour_v to_o prove_v a_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o have_v also_o give_v my_o reason_n though_o in_o short_a why_o i_o can_v acquiesce_v in_o any_o of_o they_o as_o lay_v too_o weak_a foundation_n whereon_o to_o raise_v so_o great_a and_o weighty_a a_o building_n and_o have_v likewise_o give_v you_o the_o only_a true_a ground_n by_o which_o it_o can_v as_o i_o suppose_v be_v make_v out_o viz._n from_o the_o existence_n of_o a_o god_n declare_v his_o will_n to_o we_o from_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n or_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o as_o also_o from_o our_o own_o nature_n or_o that_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n we_o by_o the_o power_n of_o our_o natural_a faculty_n or_o reason_n draw_v true_a conclusion_n from_o all_o these_o this_o be_v premise_v i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v particular_o to_o declare_v in_o the_o first_o place_n what_o i_o understand_v by_o the_o frame_n of_o the_o world_n or_o nature_n of_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o the_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v real_o and_o true_o a_o law_n oblige_v all_o person_n of_o year_n of_o discretion_n and_o sound_a mind_n to_o its_o observation_n which_o be_v perform_v i_o shall_v then_o proceed_v to_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o include_v in_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n §_o 2._o but_o though_o the_o ancient_a as_o well_o as_o modern_a sceptic_n and_o epicurean_o have_v of_o old_a and_o do_v still_o at_o this_o day_n deny_v the_o existence_n of_o any_o law_n of_o nature_n proper_o so_o call_v yet_o i_o suppose_v that_o we_o be_v both_o sufficient_o agree_v what_o we_o understand_v by_o this_o term_n since_o we_o both_o thereby_o mean_v certain_a principle_n of_o immutable_a truth_n and_o certainty_n which_o direct_v our_o voluntary_a action_n concern_v the_o election_n of_o good_a and_o the_o avoid_n of_o evil_a thing_n and_o so_o lie_v a_o obligation_n as_o to_o our_o external_a action_n even_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o out_o of_o a_o civil_a society_n or_o common-weal_n that_o such_o eternal_a truth_n be_v necessary_o and_o unavoidable_o present_v to_o and_o perceive_v by_o man_n mind_n and_o retain_v in_o their_o memory_n for_o the_o due_a order_n or_o govern_v of_o their_o action_n be_v what_o be_v here_o by_o we_o affirm_v and_o by_o they_o as_o confident_o deny_v and_o i_o far_o conceive_v that_o the_o action_n so_o direct_v and_o choose_v be_v first_o know_v to_o be_v natural_o good_a as_o productive_a of_o the_o great_a public_a benefit_n and_o afterward_o be_v call_v moral_o good_a because_o they_o agree_v with_o those_o dictate_v of_o reason_n which_o be_v here_o prove_v to_o be_v the_o law_n or_o rule_n of_o our_o manner_n or_o voluntary_a action_n so_o also_o the_o evil_a to_o be_v avoid_v be_v first_o the_o great_a natural_a evil_a which_o afterward_o for_o the_o like_a reason_n be_v call_v moral_a §_o 3._o therefore_o that_o the_o existence_n of_o such_o proposition_n may_v more_o plain_o appear_v and_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o the_o understanding_n of_o all_o indifferent_a reader_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o first_o careful_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o divers_a thing_n without_o we_o as_o also_o that_o of_o mankind_n and_o what_o we_o mean_v by_o good_a and_o evil_a whether_o natural_a or_o moral_a last_o we_o shall_v show_v what_o those_o general_a proposition_n be_v which_o we_o affirm_v carry_v with_o they_o the_o force_n or_o obligation_n of_o natural_a law_n as_o declare_v their_o exercise_n or_o performance_n necessary_a to_o the_o compass_v of_o a_o end_n that_o aught_o to_o be_v endeavour_v or_o seek_v after_o in_o order_n to_o our_o true_a and_o great_a happiness_n §_o 4._o nor_o let_v it_o seem_v strange_a that_o i_o suppose_v the_o nature_n of_o divers_a thing_n about_o which_o we_o be_v daily_o conversant_a ought_v first_o to_o be_v look_v into_o and_o consider_v for_o i_o will_v here_o suppose_v the_o soul_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n to_o be_v at_o first_o rasa_fw-la tabula_fw-la like_o fair_a paper_n that_o have_v no_o connate_a character_n or_o idea_n imprint_v upon_o it_o as_o that_o noble_a theorist_n mr._n 11._o lock_n have_v i_o suppose_v full_o prove_v and_o that_o it_o be_v not_o sensible_a of_o any_o thing_n at_o its_o come_n into_o the_o world_n but_o it_o be_v own_o existence_n and_o action_n but_o receive_v all_o its_o idea_n afterward_o from_o such_o object_n as_o it_o have_v receive_v in_o by_o the_o sense_n so_o that_o our_o understanding_n be_v natural_o destitute_a of_o all_o notion_n or_o idea_n we_o can_v comprehend_v how_o they_o can_v operate_v unless_o they_o be_v first_o excite_v by_o outward_a object_n and_o indeed_o how_o can_v we_o understand_v what_o may_v be_v helpful_a and_o agreeable_a or_o else_o hurtful_a and_o destructive_a to_o man_n mind_n and_o body_n unless_o we_o first_o consider_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a all_o the_o cause_n as_o well_o near_o as_o remote_a which_o have_v make_v constitute_v and_o still_o preserve_v mankind_n or_o else_o may_v tend_v to_o its_o destruction_n either_o for_o the_o time_n present_a or_o to_o come_v nor_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v understand_v what_o be_v the_o fit_a and_o best_a thing_n or_o action_n any_o person_n can_v perform_v in_o a_o
to_o the_o place_n in_o which_o they_o be_v to_o be_v use_v the_o consequence_n be_v evident_a because_o right_a reason_n can_v only_o prescribe_v that_o to_o be_v do_v which_o will_v consist_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o be_v use_v and_o the_o person_n that_o be_v to_o use_v they_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a a_o division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n and_o humane_a assistance_n and_o labour_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o the_o subsistence_n and_o happiness_n of_o all_o man_n whence_o it_o also_o follow_v that_o this_o necessary_a limitation_n or_o appropriation_n of_o any_o of_o these_o thing_n to_o particular_a person_n for_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o be_v a_o natural_a separation_n of_o they_o from_o the_o use_n of_o all_o other_o during_o the_o time_n they_o be_v so_o make_v use_n of_o by_o one_o thing_n i_o mean_v such_o single_a thing_n as_o be_v uncapable_a of_o division_n and_o to_o make_v use_n of_o which_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a that_o it_o be_v possess_v whole_a and_o entire_a such_o as_o be_v food_n clothes_n and_o the_o like_a for_o there_o be_v other_o thing_n which_o be_v likewise_o call_v one_o as_o one_o island_n one_o field_n and_o the_o like_a which_o may_v very_o well_o serve_v for_o the_o use_v of_o divers_a person_n at_o once_o and_o who_o division_n arise_v from_o the_o positive_a consent_n of_o man_n already_o enter_v into_o civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n i_o need_v not_o now_o treat_v of_o §_o 26._o but_o from_o this_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n and_o its_o necessity_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n arise_v that_o natural_a and_o primitive_a right_a proceed_n from_o occupancy_n which_o both_o philosopher_n and_o civilian_n grant_v to_o have_v place_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n suppose_v a_o community_n of_o most_o thing_n for_o right_o be_v but_o a_o certain_a faculty_n or_o power_n of_o act_v or_o enjoy_v any_o thing_n grant_v we_o by_o a_o law_n but_o in_o this_o state_n there_o be_v no_o other_o law_n but_o that_o of_o right_a reason_n give_v by_o god_n concern_v such_o action_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n therefore_o since_o right_a reason_n require_v a_o separate_a use_n of_o particular_a thing_n and_o humane_a assistance_n as_o necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o end_n there_o must_v needs_o follow_v from_o thence_o a_o right_a to_o the_o use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o any_o particular_a thing_n during_o the_o time_n the_o possessor_n so_o make_v use_v of_o it_o for_o a_o man_n have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o live_v tomorrow_o as_o he_o have_v to_o day_n and_o consequent_o have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o all_o the_o mean_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o preservation_n therefore_o if_o this_o house_n servant_z or_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o i_o be_o now_o possess_v of_o be_v necessary_a for_o my_o happiness_n or_o preservation_n to_o day_n i_o shall_v have_v also_o a_o like_a right_o to_o it_o for_o the_o future_a as_o long_o as_o it_o continue_v thus_o necessary_a and_o in_o this_o state_n there_o be_v no_o other_o judge_n of_o the_o mean_n of_o my_o own_o preservation_n but_o myself_o i_o shall_v have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o as_o long_o as_o i_o live_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o which_o i_o have_v a_o right_a to_o it_o at_o first_o so_o that_o unless_o the_o use_n or_o necessity_n cease_v i_o alter_v my_o mind_n concern_v it_o or_o assign_v my_o interest_n in_o it_o to_o another_o i_o have_v a_o perpetual_a right_n in_o it_o exclude_v that_o of_o any_o other_o during_o the_o time_n that_o i_o be_o thus_o possess_v of_o it_o not_o that_o i_o hereby_o grant_v every_o man_n a_o right_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o his_o unreasonable_a passion_n or_o appetite_n shall_v fancy_n to_o be_v necessary_a for_o his_o own_o preservation_n or_o happiness_n but_o only_o to_o so_o much_o of_o the_o mean_n conduce_v thereunto_o as_o any_o man_n whilst_o he_o judge_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n or_o equity_n and_o the_o natural_a necessity_n of_o himself_o and_o family_n shall_v right_o so_o determine_v without_o arrogate_a or_o assume_v to_o himself_o more_o than_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o those_o end_n and_o without_o rob_v other_o of_o what_o be_v also_o necessary_a for_o they_o which_o be_v downright_a violence_n and_o injustice_n §_o 27._o whence_o it_o plain_o appear_v that_o this_o natural_a division_n or_o property_n in_o thing_n first_o proceed_v from_o occupancy_n and_o possession_n as_o it_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o all_o particular_a person_n so_o it_o must_v be_v likewise_o for_o that_o of_o mankind_n consider_v as_o a_o aggregate_v body_n consist_v of_o divers_a individual_n the_o same_o mean_n be_v necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a as_o be_v requisite_a to_o all_o its_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n though_o this_o kind_n of_o property_n may_v very_o well_o consist_v with_o community_n as_o at_o ordinary_n and_o theatre_n every_o one_o that_o pay_v his_o money_n have_v a_o right_a to_o his_o dinner_n or_o place_n yet_o none_o can_v tell_v which_o it_o be_v or_o where_o it_o shall_v be_v till_o he_o have_v it_o on_o his_o plate_n or_o be_v actual_o seat_v in_o it_o §_o 28._o whence_o it_o may_v appear_v that_o these_o principle_n be_v true_o draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n will_n without_o any_o more_o ado_n destroy_v mr._n h.'s_n wild_a hypothesis_n concern_v the_o natural_a right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n that_o he_o may_v thereby_o prove_v a_o right_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n in_o all_o man_n of_o do_v whatsoever_o they_o please_v towards_o other_o necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o thence_o may_v arise_v a_o natural_a state_n of_o war_n of_o all_o man_n against_o all_o and_o hence_o it_o likewise_o appear_v upon_o what_o ground_n every_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o his_o own_o life_n limb_n and_o liberty_n viz._n because_o they_o be_v the_o natural_a mean_n by_o which_o we_o be_v enable_v to_o serve_v god_n and_o assist_v mankind_n in_o do_v which_o we_o prosecute_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o mr._n h.'s_n doctrine_n concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o dominion_n be_v not_o only_o precarious_a but_o manifest_o false_a which_o first_o suppose_v without_o any_o sufficient_a proof_n a_o unlimited_a right_n of_o all_o man_n to_o all_o thing_n to_o be_v necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n as_o the_o foundation_n of_o all_o natural_a law_n and_o civil_a society_n for_o the_o prove_v of_o which_o he_o only_o make_v use_v of_o some_o false_a and_o specious_a argument_n as_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v sufficient_o make_v appear_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o treatise_n §_o 29._o have_v now_o establish_v a_o natural_a property_n in_o such_o thing_n and_o humane_a help_n or_o assistance_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o man_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a i_o shall_v not_o concern_v myself_o to_o prove_v the_o convenience_n of_o civil_a property_n as_o now_o establish_v in_o most_o commonweal_n nor_o shall_v now_o trouble_v you_o with_o those_o mischief_n which_o aristotle_n in_o his_o politic_n have_v very_o well_o prove_v will_v follow_v from_o a_o community_n of_o thing_n from_o those_o unavoidable_a strife_n and_o contention_n which_o will_v daily_o arise_v from_o our_o use_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o common_a only_o i_o think_v i_o may_v say_v thus_o much_o that_o since_o mankind_n be_v so_o multiply_v in_o well-inhabited_n country_n that_o there_o be_v not_o land_n sufficient_a to_o be_v divide_v among_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o as_o to_o serve_v for_o each_o person_n be_v comfortable_a subsistence_n without_o foreign_a trade_n or_o mechanic_n employment_n there_o must_v necessary_o follow_v a_o more_o full_a and_o exact_a division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n such_o as_o be_v land_n or_o the_o use_n and_o product_n thereof_o as_o corn_n cattle_n and_o the_o like_a in_o order_n to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o civil_a society_n by_o who_o consent_n such_o a_o division_n and_o appropriation_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v at_o first_o introduce_v which_o be_v once_o settle_v by_o civil_a law_n there_o be_v the_o like_a reason_n for_o its_o continuance_n and_o man_n have_v as_o much_o right_n to_o those_o thing_n they_o thus_o enjoy_v by_o the_o particular_a law_n of_o the_o country_n where_o they_o live_v as_o they_o have_v before_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o whatever_o they_o can_v possess_v by_o the_o right_n of_o
occupancy_n or_o possession_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o more_o exact_a property_n or_o dominion_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o limit_v use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n in_o order_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o part_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v thus_o agree_v to_o it_o than_o the_o bare_a occupancy_n or_o possession_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v before_o such_o a_o division_n make_v or_o agree_v upon_o nor_o can_v it_o now_o be_v alter_v however_o perhaps_o hard_a and_o unequal_a it_o may_v prove_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n since_o it_o will_v always_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o each_o particular_a civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n that_o it_o shall_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v still_o alter_v according_a to_o every_o man_n be_v particular_a fancy_n or_o interest_n since_o such_o a_o change_n can_v never_o be_v make_v without_o inconceivable_a discontent_n and_o civil_a dissension_n which_o will_v quick_o end_v in_o open_a violence_n and_o hostility_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o right_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n of_o do_v whatever_o his_o own_o wild_a fancy_n or_o unbounded_a appetite_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o but_o only_o what_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n true_o judge_v necessary_a to_o his_o own_o or_o family_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o i_o here_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o whatever_o right_o we_o enjoy_v even_o to_o the_o thing_n most_o necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n it_o be_v found_v if_o not_o in_o the_o precept_n yet_o at_o least_o permission_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n when_o we_o true_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n concern_v the_o mean_n necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n so_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o any_o one_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preserve_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o make_v out_o how_o this_o right_a of_o self-preservation_n conduce_v to_o or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o this_o common_a good_n since_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o god_n intend_v the_o preservation_n much_o less_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o any_o one_o man_n as_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n which_o principle_n be_v once_o establish_v as_o the_o foundation_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n we_o enjoy_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o right_n will_v appear_v so_o limit_v thereby_o that_o we_o can_v without_o injury_n and_o injustice_n violate_v or_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o other_o much_o less_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n against_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n nay_o all_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o any_o one_o man_n can_v assume_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o preserve_v other_o also_o and_o that_o it_o can_v never_o become_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o any_o state_n to_o rob_v innocent_a person_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o wellbeing_a and_o preservation_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o man_n natural_a right_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o mischief_n of_o unreasonable_a violence_n and_o war_n and_o contention_n which_o natural_a security_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonweal_n be_v high_o improve_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o humane_a skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o property_n or_o dominion_n §_o 31._o i_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o the_o particular_a action_n above_o mention_v and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o by_o consider_v their_o relation_n to_o this_o great_a end_n the_o nature_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v more_o certain_o be_v know_v and_o predetermine_v since_o the_o dependence_n of_o natural_a effect_n on_o their_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o immutable_a for_o as_o well_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o community_n as_o of_o civil_a society_n or_o separate_v property_n those_o humane_a action_n which_o cause_n or_o procure_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o other_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o error_n lie_n or_o perfidiousness_n nor_o their_o body_n hurt_v nor_o their_o life_n good_n fame_n and_o chastity_n violate_v or_o take_v away_o and_o also_o by_o which_o a_o grateful_a return_n be_v render_v to_o those_o that_o have_v do_v we_o good_a or_o in_o short_a all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o more_o be_v procure_v without_o injury_n to_o other_o as_o they_o always_o be_v so_o they_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o moral_a virtue_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o show_v how_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v derive_v from_o and_o at_o last_o resolve_v into_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o least_o the_o variousness_n of_o the_o observation_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o their_o independance_n upon_o each_o other_o shall_v render_v they_o perplex_v and_o consequent_o unconvince_v to_o common_a reader_n who_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o mind_n i_o shall_v contract_v what_o have_v be_v now_o say_v into_o these_o few_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o though_o all_o particular_a man_n be_v mortal_a and_o but_o of_o a_o short_a duration_n yet_o that_o god_n have_v still_o preserve_v mankind_n without_o any_o sensible_a failure_n or_o decay_n 2._o that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o god_n have_v make_v man_n to_o be_v propagate_v by_o generation_n and_o also_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o divers_a outward_a mean_n which_o we_o call_v necessary_n of_o life_n 3._o that_o these_o natural_a mean_n can_v no_o way_n answer_v this_o end_n but_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n and_o occasion_n of_o particular_a person_n during_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n answer_v the_o different_a or_o contrary_a desire_n and_o necessity_n of_o divers_a man_n endeavour_v to_o use_v these_o thing_n after_o contrary_a or_o different_a manner_n 4._o that_o the_o take_v away_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o do_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o person_n and_o his_o family_n who_o be_v thus_o possess_v of_o they_o but_o by_o cause_v a_o perpetual_a strife_n among_o mankind_n will_v render_v these_o thing_n uncapable_a of_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n 5._o that_o such_o a_o strife_n if_o prosecute_v to_o the_o utmost_a will_v certain_o end_v in_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o particular_a person_n and_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o mankind_n contrary_a to_o god_n design_n 6._o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v rational_o collect_v that_o god_n design_n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o also_o of_o all_o individual_a person_n as_o part_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o 7._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a mean_n to_o procure_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n consist_v first_o in_o divine_a love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n not_o only_o in_o permit_v each_o other_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n but_o also_o in_o make_v a_o settle_a division_n of_o they_o to_o other_o so_o as_o to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o several_a man_n use_n or_o occasion_n which_o dictate_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v our_o true_a happiness_n as_o in_o its_o violation_n our_o great_a misery_n be_v therefore_o true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o right_a reason_n as_o also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n draw_v such_o easy_a
subject_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o first_o be_v freedom_n in_o action_n or_o the_o power_n of_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n which_o do_v not_o only_o consist_v in_o indifferent_a thing_n as_o when_o a_o man_n of_o two_o different_a object_n choose_v which_o of_o they_o he_o please_v but_o be_v also_o able_a to_o choose_v a_o great_a good_a before_o a_o less_o and_o do_v likewise_o often_o prefer_v though_o unjust_o a_o present_a less_o good_a grateful_a to_o his_o sense_n before_o a_o great_a good_n approve_v of_o by_o his_o reason_n yet_o however_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o man_n by_o the_o power_n of_o his_o reason_n be_v able_a to_o move_v and_o excite_v his_o passion_n of_o love_n and_o pity_n when_o he_o see_v object_n that_o require_v his_o help_n and_o assistance_n nay_o can_v also_o by_o deliberation_n command_n and_o over-rule_v those_o domineer_a passion_n of_o lust_n anger_n and_o revenge_n etc._n etc._n when_o they_o happen_v to_o prompt_v he_o to_o action_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o his_o own_o true_a good_a and_o that_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o man_n be_v capable_a to_o comprehend_v all_o particular_a good_n and_o to_o add_v they_o together_o into_o one_o sum_n viz._n the_o common_a and_o general_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o best_a and_o most_o noble_a end_n he_o can_v employ_v himself_o about_o be_v also_o able_a to_o divert_v his_o thought_n from_o his_o own_o private_a pleasure_n and_o profit_v alone_o and_o fix_v they_o upon_o the_o care_n of_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n or_o the_o more_o public_a good_a of_o his_o country_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v it_o be_v difficult_a exact_o to_o explain_v after_o what_o manner_n we_o exert_v this_o faculty_n since_o the_o nature_n and_o act_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n be_v very_o abstruse_a yet_o i_o appeal_v to_o every_o man_n be_v own_o heart_n whether_o he_o do_v not_o find_v in_o himself_o not_o only_o a_o liberty_n to_o do_v or_o forbear_v indifferent_a action_n such_o as_o go_v abroad_o or_o stay_v at_o home_n but_o likewise_o such_o as_o be_v certain_o better_o by_o a_o rational_a estimate_n if_o he_o will_v but_o give_v himself_o time_n to_o consider_v and_o weigh_v the_o nature_n and_o consequence_n of_o they_o or_o else_o to_o what_o purpose_n be_v he_o sorry_a or_o why_o do_v he_o repent_v the_o have_v do_v any_o foolish_a wicked_a or_o rash_a action_n since_o if_o all_o action_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a it_o be_v as_o idle_a and_o insignificant_a as_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v sorry_a that_o he_o be_v not_o make_v a_o prince_n rather_o than_o a_o private_a person_n or_o instead_o of_o a_o prince_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o angel_n so_o that_o certain_o god_n will_v not_o then_o have_v endue_v man_n with_o these_o two_o property_n peculiar_a to_o he_o viz._n that_o of_o conscience_n or_o a_o reflection_n upon_o the_o good_a or_o evil_a of_o his_o own_o action_n and_o that_o of_o repentance_n or_o sorrow_n for_o have_v do_v amiss_o altogether_o in_o vain_a since_o both_o be_v needless_a if_o all_o action_n be_v alike_o necessitate_v §_o 28._o but_o the_o last_o and_o high_a faculty_n and_o whereby_o man_n nature_n be_v chief_o distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o brute_n be_v when_o by_o the_o force_n of_o his_o reason_n act_v by_o the_o method_n and_o mean_n here_o describe_v he_o become_v sensible_a of_o the_o existence_n providence_n and_o other_o perfection_n of_o the_o deity_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v infer_v that_o it_o be_v high_o improbable_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o this_o most_o wise_a and_o powerful_a be_v which_o we_o call_v god_n shall_v have_v ordain_v any_o power_n or_o faculty_n in_o man_n soul_n to_o no_o purpose_n if_o therefore_o he_o have_v endue_v man_n alone_o of_o all_o his_o creature_n with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o own_o existence_n and_o attribute_n as_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o we_o finite_a creature_n to_o conceive_v of_o they_o since_o i_o grant_v we_o be_v not_o able_a to_o comprehend_v infinite_a perfection_n it_o be_v not_o likely_a that_o god_n shall_v endue_v man_n alone_o with_o this_o so_o excellent_a a_o knowledge_n for_o so_o useless_a a_o end_n as_o bare_a speculation_n which_o alone_o be_v of_o no_o great_a use_n or_o benefit_n either_o to_o himself_o or_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n who_o good_a and_o happiness_n god_n chief_o intend_v in_o their_o creation_n so_o that_o indeed_o we_o can_v apprehend_v any_o end_n more_o worthy_a his_o divine_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o create_v we_o capable_a of_o these_o idea_n than_o what_o be_v practical_a that_o be_v as_o it_o some_o way_n serve_v to_o direct_v our_o action_n as_o free_a and_o voluntary_a agent_n towards_o the_o obtain_n our_o own_o good_a and_o happiness_n conjoin_v with_o that_o of_o other_o rational_a being_n nor_o can_v any_o action_n render_v we_o more_o happy_a than_o those_o that_o testify_v our_o high_a veneration_n of_o god_n infinite_a perfection_n and_o a_o deep_a sense_n of_o his_o goodness_n towards_o we_o and_o whereby_o we_o may_v be_v dispose_v to_o a_o entire_a obedience_n to_o his_o law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v whenever_o they_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o so_o that_o if_o it_o can_v be_v prove_v that_o these_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n call_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n derive_v their_o authority_n from_o god_n as_o a_o lawgiver_n and_o be_v intend_v by_o he_o for_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o as_o rule_n whereby_o he_o will_v have_v we_o direct_v all_o our_o action_n to_o this_o great_a end_n there_o can_v be_v no_o doubt_n but_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o to_o prove_v this_o will_v be_v the_o next_o and_o great_a part_n of_o our_o task_n §_o 29._o but_o before_o i_o undertake_v this_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o treat_v a_o little_a concern_v those_o attribute_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o far_o as_o we_o can_v have_v any_o idea_n of_o they_o since_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o also_o of_o our_o own_o humane_a nature_n we_o can_v but_o be_v carry_v on_o to_o consider_v the_o nature_n of_o god_n himself_o and_o if_o from_o the_o creation_n of_o the_o universe_n we_o can_v but_o conceive_v he_o of_o infinite_a power_n so_o from_o his_o act_n and_o ordain_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a and_o worthy_a end_n we_o may_v likewise_o affirm_v he_o to_o be_v also_o infinite_o wise_a and_o good_a so_o that_o his_o infinite_a power_n always_o act_v for_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a end_n be_v still_o so_o limit_v by_o his_o infinite_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n that_o it_o can_v act_n any_o thing_n destructive_a to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n of_o which_o himself_o be_v the_o chief_a and_o from_o hence_o proceed_v the_o certainty_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o our_o perpetual_a obligation_n to_o it_o for_o as_o i_o will_v not_o affirm_v that_o god_n can_v not_o have_v make_v the_o world_n and_o the_o thing_n therein_o after_o another_o manner_n than_o he_o have_v do_v so_o since_o he_o have_v make_v it_o in_o the_o order_n we_o now_o find_v it_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v and_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v of_o the_o same_o duration_n with_o that_o of_o the_o universe_n itself_o and_o so_o consequent_o of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a obligation_n in_o respect_n of_o himself_o and_o all_o those_o who_o he_o have_v ordain_v to_o be_v his_o subordinate_a mean_n or_o instrument_n to_o procure_v it_o especial_o as_o man_n who_o he_o have_v make_v conscious_a of_o our_o duty_n and_o able_a to_o cooperate_a with_o he_o for_o this_o great_a and_o excellent_a end_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o it_o be_v reducible_a to_o one_o single_a proposition_n which_o be_v true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n as_o contain_v all_o thing_n necessary_a thereunto_o §_o 1._o have_v already_o in_o the_o two_o former_a chapter_n from_o the_o great_a book_n of_o nature_n that_o be_v as_o well_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o as_o of_o ourselves_o in_o particular_a and_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n make_v several_a observation_n for_o the_o prove_v of_o this_o proposition_n that_o man_n be_v ordain_v by_o god_n for_o a_o sociable_a creature_n who_o be_v preservation_n and_o happiness_n be_v to_o depend_v upon_o the_o assistance_n and_o goodwill_n of_o god_n his_o creator_n as_o also_o those_o of_o his_o own_o kind_n i_o come_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v that_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o a_o return_n of_o the_o like_a benevolence_n to_o other_o for_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v better_o assure_v of_o
within_o that_o law_n but_o in_o humane_a law_n because_o they_o may_v enjoin_v something_o amiss_o there_o a_o right_n be_v often_o leave_v to_o we_o to_o choose_v rather_o to_o bear_v the_o penalty_n than_o to_o obey_v they_o because_o we_o be_v oblige_v rather_o to_o obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o case_n they_o command_v any_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o divine_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 8._o for_o the_o further_a clear_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v premise_v somewhat_o to_o explain_v this_o word_n obligation_n which_o the_o civilian_n thus_o define_v obligatio_fw-la est_fw-la vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la astringitur_fw-la debitum_fw-la persolvere_fw-la that_o be_v a_o obligation_n be_v that_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n or_o due_a which_o definition_n do_v well_o include_v all_o sort_n of_o obligation_n if_o by_o the_o word_n ius_n or_o law_n we_o understand_v that_o law_n who_o obligation_n we_o propose_v to_o define_v so_o that_o by_o vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o this_o definition_n we_o understand_v that_o bond_n or_o tie_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v this_o natural_a debt_n i._n e._n to_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o god_n his_o creator_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o rational_a nature_n or_o else_o to_o undergo_v those_o punishment_n which_o be_v ordain_v for_o his_o disobedience_n or_o neglect_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a tie_n or_o obligation_n in_o all_o law_n the_o one_o active_a in_o the_o debt_n or_o duty_n the_o other_o passive_a in_o a_o patient_a submission_n to_o the_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o any_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o omission_n thereof_o of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o but_o you_o be_v first_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o none_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v we_o so_o that_o this_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o that_o just_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o a_o superior_a power_n have_v over_o we_o and_o our_o action_n and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v subject_a to_o other_o we_o be_v so_o far_o under_o a_o obligation_n to_o their_o lawful_a command_n which_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o discharge_n of_o that_o debt_n or_o duty_n we_o owe_v they_o that_o be_v when_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n from_o the_o will_n or_o command_v of_o a_o supreme_a power_n or_o legislator_n to_o who_o when_o sufficient_o make_v know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o obligation_n or_o duty_n viz._n in_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o action_n to_o a_o rule_n such_o as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n so_o that_o all_o our_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o that_o absolute_a dominion_n which_o god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o great_a creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o mankind_n have_v over_o we_o for_o i_o can_v understand_v a_o right_n especial_o of_o dominion_n to_o be_v invest_v or_o seat_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o something_o which_o may_v be_v call_v at_o least_o analogical_o a_o law_n 2._o that_o every_o dictate_v of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n concern_v matter_n fit_a to_o be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n be_v such_o a_o law_n and_o so_o cicero_n the_o best_a master_n of_o language_n speak_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la 3._o that_o the_o eternal_a wisdom_n of_o god_n contain_v eminent_o or_o analogical_o in_o it_o all_o that_o we_o can_v know_v to_o be_v natural_a law_n 4._o but_o to_o know_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a law_n or_o the_o dictate_v of_o true_a reason_n concern_v the_o fit_a mean_n to_o the_o best_a end_n or_o great_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o supreme_a government_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o rational_a creature_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o who_o be_v most_o able_a and_o willing_a to_o pursue_v and_o attain_v that_o great_a end_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v settle_v in_o god._n 5._o so_o that_o by_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n or_o of_o perform_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a end_n the_o sovereignty_n become_v his_o right_n and_o our_o knowledge_n that_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n be_v in_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o this_o right_n be_v immutable_o fix_v and_o vest_v in_o he_o 6._o although_o in_o the_o method_n of_o investigate_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o they_o subsist_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o first_o law_n respect_v the_o end_n and_o this_o concern_v the_o mean_n come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o in_o our_o thought_n concern_v god_n we_o know_v that_o infinite_a wisdom_n comprehend_v all_o these_o dictate_v together_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o dictate_v or_o law_n settle_v universal_a dominion_n in_o god_n be_v coeternal_a with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v as_o early_o in_o his_o nature_n as_o the_o first_o natural_a law_n the_o obligation_n of_o which_o we_o be_v establish_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o here_o arise_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o moral_a obligation_n which_o be_v that_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o and_o a_o civil_a one_o or_o that_o by_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o law_n in_o civil_a government_n the_o former_a be_v in_o respect_n to_o god_n immediate_a will_n as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n whereas_o all_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o civil_a magistrate_n parent_n and_o master_n etc._n etc._n be_v only_o in_o subordination_n to_o ggd_n will_n so_o declare_v unto_o we_o and_o who_o have_v ordain_v this_o obedience_n for_o his_o own_o worship_n and_o glory_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 10._o yet_o i_o think_v notwithstanding_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o force_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n it_o may_v well_o enough_o consist_v with_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o man_n will_n since_o all_o these_o consideration_n do_v still_o but_o excite_v not_o necessitate_v he_o to_o act_v one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o it_o be_v still_o leave_v in_o his_o power_n either_o to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a in_o obey_v this_o will_n of_o god_n or_o else_o to_o prefer_v a_o less_o present_a good_a before_o it_o in_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o herein_o likewise_o consist_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animal_n good_a or_o evil_a and_o a_o moral_a one_o the_o former_a be_v those_o natural_a mean_n conduce_v to_o each_o man_n preservation_n or_o destruction_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a animal_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o god_n as_o their_o author_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o their_o rule_n the_o latter_a that_o be_v of_o all_o humane_a moral_a action_n or_o habit_n consider_v as_o agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ordain_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o make_v know_v to_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n so_o that_o they_o be_v thus_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o as_o their_o observance_n or_o neglect_v bring_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a that_o be_v happiness_n or_o misery_n upon_o we_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o necessity_n of_o put_v god_n in_o all_o our_o description_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o author_n thereof_o for_o be_v it_o not_o for_o his_o existence_n in_o who_o divine_a intellect_n the_o idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a be_v eternal_o establish_v and_o into_o who_o will_n so_o ordain_v they_o they_o be_v ultimate_o to_o be_v resolve_v mr._n h.'s_n or_o rather_o epicurus_n assertion_n will_v certain_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o it_o may_v here_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a omission_n of_o divers_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o not_o place_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n or_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o definition_n have_v be_v perhaps_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_a reason_n of_o that_o false_a assertion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o so_o till_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o god_n will_n or_o command_v all_o man_n shall_v
endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o great_a they_o be_v capable_a of_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o we_o lie_v under_o a_o sufficient_a obligation_n by_o all_o the_o tie_v of_o duty_n and_o gratitude_n to_o concur_v with_o god_n will_n and_o design_n in_o pursue_v and_o endeavour_v this_o great_a end_n §_o 11._o but_o since_o god_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v man_n a_o creature_n consist_v of_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a part_n or_o principle_n a_o soul_n and_o a_o body_n both_o capable_a of_o good_a and_o evil_a i._n e._n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n i_o come_v now_o to_o the_o other_o part_n of_o this_o duty_n or_o obligation_n by_o which_o we_o be_v bind_v by_o all_o the_o rational_a motive_n or_o reward_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o to_o observe_v this_o great_a law_n and_o deter_v by_o all_o the_o contrary_a evil_n or_o punishment_n from_o neglect_v or_o transgress_v it_o in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o plain_a axiom_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a which_o you_o may_v find_v in_o the_o learned_a bishop_n wilkin_n excellent_a discourse_n of_o natural_a religion_n axiom_n 1._o that_o which_o be_v moral_o good_a i.e._n agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v desire_v and_o prosecute_v and_o that_o which_o be_v evil_a i._n e._n contrary_a to_o his_o will_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v ax._n 2._o the_o great_a congruity_n there_o be_v in_o any_o thing_n to_o the_o reason_n of_o mankind_n and_o the_o great_a tendency_n it_o have_v to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v the_o perfection_n of_o man_n nature_n in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a so_o much_o great_a degree_n it_o have_v of_o moral_a good_a or_o evil_a and_o according_a to_o which_o we_o ought_v to_o proportion_v our_o inclination_n or_o aversion_n thereunto_o ax._n 3_o so_o that_o it_o be_v suitable_a both_o to_o the_o reason_n and_o interest_n of_o mankind_n that_o all_o person_n shall_v submit_v themselves_o to_o god_n will_n upon_o who_o they_o depend_v for_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a by_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o may_v render_v they_o acceptable_a to_o he_o and_o avoid_v those_o contrary_a action_n which_o may_v provoke_v his_o displeasure_n that_o be_v in_o short_a in_o prosecute_a the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n ax._n 4._o hence_o the_o rational_a nature_n and_o the_o perfection_n belong_v to_o it_o be_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o sensitive_a a_o moral_a good_a be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o a_o animal_n pleasure_n and_o that_o which_o be_v moral_o evil_a be_v more_o to_o be_v avoid_v than_o that_o which_o be_v mere_o animal_n ax._n 5._o a_o present_a animal_n good_a may_v be_v part_v with_o upon_o a_o probable_a expectation_n of_o a_o great_a future_a moral_n good_n ax._n 6._o a_o present_a evil_n be_v to_o be_v endure_v for_o the_o probable_a avoid_n of_o a_o great_a though_o future_a evil._n but_o since_o all_o the_o reward_n which_o god_n can_v bestow_v upon_o we_o for_o our_o observe_v this_o fundamental_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n do_v only_o amount_v to_o the_o true_a and_o high_a happiness_n that_o man_n nature_n be_v capable_a of_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o we_o sufficient_o state_n that_o happiness_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v for_o the_o clear_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o two_o plain_a proposition_n §_o 12._o prop._n 1._o that_o which_o give_v or_o constitute_v the_o essence_n of_o any_o thing_n and_o distinguish_v it_o from_o all_o other_o thing_n be_v call_v the_o essential_a form_n of_o that_o thing_n prop._n 2._o that_o state_n or_o condition_n by_o which_o the_o nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o it_o be_v capable_a of_o according_a to_o its_o kind_n be_v call_v the_o chief_a end_n good_a or_o happiness_n of_o such_o a_o be_v thus_o for_o example_n to_o give_v you_o a_o scale_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o those_o being_n we_o know_v to_o be_v endue_v with_o life_n or_o motion_n 1._o the_o nature_n of_o plant_n consist_v in_o have_v a_o vegetative_a life_n by_o which_o they_o receive_v nourishment_n and_o growth_n and_o be_v enable_v to_o multiply_v their_o kind_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n which_o this_o kind_n of_o be_v be_v capable_a of_o be_v to_o grow_v up_o to_o a_o state_n of_o maturity_n to_o continue_v unto_o its_o natural_a period_n and_o to_o propagate_v its_o kind_n 2._o the_o nature_n of_o brutus_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o they_o with_o plant_n consist_v in_o their_o be_v endue_v with_o faculty_n whereby_o they_o be_v capable_a of_o apprehend_v external_a object_n and_o of_o receive_v pain_n or_o pleasure_n from_o they_o in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o propagation_n of_o their_o species_n the_o utmost_a perfection_n of_o these_o consist_v in_o mere_a sensitive_a pleasure_n i_o e._n of_o do_v and_o enjoy_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v grateful_a to_o their_o appetite_n and_o sense_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n beside_o what_o be_v common_a to_o he_o with_o plant_n and_o brute_n both_o in_o the_o vegetative_a and_o sensitive_a life_n consist_v in_o the_o faculty_n of_o right_a reason_n whereby_o he_o be_v make_v capable_a of_o understand_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o its_o reward_n and_o punishment_n either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o that_o to_o come_v to_o induce_v he_o to_o their_o observation_n and_o deter_v he_o from_o the_o transgression_n of_o they_o which_o sentiment_n as_o no_o creature_n in_o this_o visible_a world_n except_o man_n do_v partake_v of_o so_o his_o chief_a good_a or_o happiness_n consist_v in_o the_o improvement_n and_o perfection_n of_o this_o faculty_n that_o be_v in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o right_a reason_n and_o as_o may_v best_o entitle_v he_o to_o the_o divine_a favour_n and_o afford_v he_o the_o great_a assurance_n of_o a_o last_a happiness_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o after_o it_o be_v end_v so_o that_o all_o the_o action_n of_o man_n consider_v as_o voluntary_a and_o subject_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o thereby_o capable_a of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v call_v moral_a as_o be_v direct_v by_o god_n the_o supreme_a legislator_n to_o the_o great_a and_o most_o excellent_a end_n viz._n the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 13._o have_v lay_v down_o these_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a in_o order_n to_o the_o settle_n and_o clear_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v i_o shall_v in_o the_o next_o place_n particular_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n viz._n those_o reward_n which_o god_n have_v ordain_v for_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a and_o those_o punishment_n he_o have_v appoint_v for_o its_o breach_n or_o transgression_n but_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o that_o all_o obligation_n upon_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n arise_v proper_o from_o the_o command_v of_o some_o rightful_a superior_a power_n that_o be_v such_o a_o one_o who_o have_v not_o only_o force_v sufficient_a to_o inflict_v what_o evil_n he_o please_v upon_o the_o disobedient_a but_o who_o have_v also_o give_v we_o just_a ground_n or_o reason_n wherefore_o he_o require_v we_o to_o determine_v the_o natural_a liberty_n of_o our_o will_n according_a to_o his_o pleasure_n both_o which_o whenever_o they_o meet_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n and_o that_o he_o have_v once_o signify_v his_o will_n to_o we_o aught_o to_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n not_o only_o fear_v to_o offend_v but_o also_o a_o love_n of_o and_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n the_o former_a from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n the_o latter_a from_o their_o own_o intrinseck_n goodness_n as_o also_o from_o all_o those_o motive_n which_o ought_v to_o persuade_v we_o to_o perform_v his_o will._n for_o as_o one_o who_o have_v no_o other_o reason_n than_o downright_a force_n why_o he_o will_v have_v i_o perform_v and_o submit_v to_o his_o command_n whether_o i_o will_v or_o no_o may_v indeed_o so_o far_o terrify_v i_o that_o to_o avoid_v a_o great_a evil_n i_o may_v think_v it_o best_o to_o obey_v he_o yet_o that_o fear_v once_o remove_v there_o will_v then_o remain_v nothing_o that_o can_v hinder_v i_o from_o act_v according_a to_o my_o own_o rather_o than_o his_o will_n or_o humour_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o who_o can_v give_v i_o never_o so_o good_a reason_n why_o i_o ought_v to_o obey_v he_o yet_o if_o destitute_a of_o power_n to_o inflict_v any_o punishment_n upon_o i_o for_o my_o disobedience_n such_o his_o command_n may_v without_o any_o outward_a inconvenience_n be_v neglect_v by_o
i_o if_o i_o think_v fit_a unless_o he_o be_v endue_v with_o sufficient_a power_n to_o vindicate_v the_o neglect_n or_o contempt_n of_o his_o authority_n therefore_o the_o strict_a sanction_n which_o any_o sovereign_a power_n can_v give_v unto_o its_o law_n be_v when_o it_o be_v not_o only_o able_a but_o have_v also_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o it_o will_v confer_v a_o sufficient_a share_n of_o good_a thing_n or_o reward_n for_o so_o do_v and_o of_o evil_n or_o punishment_n upon_o any_o breach_n or_o neglect_v of_o its_o command_n so_o though_o i_o grant_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o this_o obligation_n be_v proper_o resolve_v into_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n or_o those_o to_o who_o the_o custody_n of_o these_o law_n be_v commit_v all_o which_o be_v include_v in_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o we_o find_v god_n command_v it_o to_o who_o we_o ought_v to_o yield_v absolute_a obedience_n though_o not_o in_o right_a of_o his_o irresistible_a power_n alone_o but_o rather_o as_o he_o have_v by_o his_o eternal_a wisdom_n and_o goodness_n in_o his_o creation_n and_o preservation_n of_o we_o a_o absolute_a dominion_n over_o and_o a_o undoubted_a right_n to_o command_v we_o and_o consequent_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n as_o they_o be_v not_o only_o high_o reasonable_a be_v ordain_v for_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n but_o be_v also_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n but_o since_o the_o former_a seem_v more_o plain_o declare_v to_o mankind_n and_o be_v likewise_o more_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n which_o shall_v rather_o delight_v to_o be_v allure_v by_o reward_n than_o terrify_v by_o punishment_n i_o shall_v first_o begin_v with_o the_o natural_a reward_n annex_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a which_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o internal_a or_o external_n that_o be_v either_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o soul_n alone_o or_o to_o the_o body_n and_o the_o soul_n joint_o consider_v judice_fw-la to_o his_o health_n do_v so_o much_o indulge_v his_o genius_n as_o to_o keep_v a_o table_n above_o his_o estate_n and_o thereby_o become_v unable_a to_o provide_v for_o his_o family_n or_o to_o contribute_v to_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o commonweal_n he_o be_v high_o guilty_a of_o intemperance_n though_o perhaps_o he_o may_v do_v it_o without_o any_o prejudice_n to_o his_o health_n §_o 18._o and_o as_o for_o that_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n call_v chastity_n or_o continence_n i_o need_v not_o far_o to_o declare_v how_o much_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n depend_v upon_o it_o have_v already_o show_v divers_a of_o those_o evil_n and_o inconvenience_n that_o do_v necessary_o follow_v the_o contrary_a vice_n i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o commission_n of_o this_o offence_n of_o incontinence_n make_v a_o man_n guilty_a of_o another_o sin_n as_o well_o as_o his_o own_o therefore_o i_o define_v chastity_n to_o be_v the_o abstain_v from_o all_o inordinate_a or_o forbid_a lust_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o be_v not_o only_o confine_v to_o the_o bare_a forbid_v of_o fornication_n but_o also_o extend_v itself_o to_o that_o moral_a obligation_n or_o contract_n which_o we_o call_v marriage_n so_o that_o out_o of_o a_o consideration_n of_o this_o great_a end_n those_o promiscuous_a copulation_n between_o brother_n and_o sister_n and_o divers_a other_o near_a relation_n which_o upon_o the_o first_o people_n of_o the_o world_n be_v lawful_a because_o then_o necessary_a for_o the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n be_v now_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n become_v unlawful_a since_o without_o a_o abhorrence_n of_o this_o copulation_n between_o brother_n and_o sister_n it_o be_v hard_a if_o not_o impossible_a that_o the_o chastity_n of_o such_o young_a person_n converse_v so_o constant_o and_o intimate_o together_o from_o their_o youth_n shall_v be_v otherwise_o preserve_v without_o a_o early_a prepossession_n of_o the_o horror_n of_o such_o promiscuous_a copulation_n and_o hence_o also_o i_o suppose_v that_o natural_a reason_n teach_v most_o nation_n after_o mankind_n begin_v to_o be_v multiply_v upon_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o first_o original_a relation_n they_o have_v to_o each_o other_o to_o be_v forget_v to_o prohibit_v marriage_n between_o near_a relation_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v new_a friendship_n and_o strict_a bond_n of_o amity_n shall_v be_v contract_v between_o family_n and_o person_n not_o near_o relate_v in_o blood_n from_o whence_o a_o large_a diffusion_n of_o friendship_n and_o kindness_n proceed_v from_o this_o relation_n may_v be_v spread_v among_o person_n not_o only_o of_o the_o same_o commonweal_n but_o of_o divers_a nation_n and_o also_o that_o those_o faction_n and_o enmity_n which_o will_v often_o happen_v between_o particular_a man_n and_o family_n be_v they_o only_o to_o marry_v into_o their_o own_o clan_n or_o tribe_n may_v be_v prevent_v or_o if_o begin_v may_v by_o fresh_a alliance_n be_v reconcile_v and_o take_v away_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o virtue_n of_o chastity_n or_o continence_n can_v no_o way_n be_v true_o explain_v or_o understand_v without_o a_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o end_n for_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v viz._n the_o common_a peace_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n §_o 19_o i_o shall_v only_o add_v somewhat_o more_o concern_v that_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n relate_v to_o our_o seek_v after_o and_o acquire_v those_o outward_a good_n often_o conduce_v though_o not_o absolute_o necessary_a to_o our_o well_o be_v viz._n riches_n and_o honour_n and_o therefore_o the_o same_o general_a law_n which_o limit_n our_o love_n towards_o ourselves_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a ought_v also_o from_o the_o same_o consideration_n to_o limit_v and_o regulate_v our_o desire_n both_o in_o acquire_v and_o keep_v these_o advantage_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v to_o be_v seek_v for_o to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o as_o they_o may_v render_v we_o more_o capable_a of_o promote_a the_o great_a end_n abovementioned_a and_o to_o which_o they_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v subordinate_a the_o former_a of_o these_o virtue_n relate_v to_o riches_n be_v call_v moderation_n which_o be_v a_o limit_v care_n in_o acquire_v and_o keep_v riches_n of_o which_o i_o need_v speak_v no_o far_o have_v sufficient_o show_v the_o measure_n and_o reason_n of_o it_o when_o i_o define_v liberality_n and_o frugality_n with_o their_o opposite_a vice_n the_o other_o sort_n of_o temperance_n relate_v to_o honour_n be_v call_v modesty_n and_o may_v be_v define_v a_o justice_n towards_o ourselves_o in_o a_o reasonable_a desire_n of_o honour_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a and_o therefore_o consist_v in_o a_o due_a mediocrity_n as_o well_o in_o desire_v honour_n as_o avoid_v infamy_n and_o this_o virtue_n as_o it_o curb_v the_o desire_n from_o seek_v high_a thing_n than_o the_o person_n real_o deserve_v or_o may_v well_o pretend_v to_o in_o order_n to_o this_o great_a end_n be_v call_v humility_n which_o be_v a_o low_a or_o true_a esteem_n of_o a_o man_n self_n or_o personal_a merit_n but_o as_o this_o desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a often_o elevate_v the_o mind_n to_o the_o perform_n of_o great_a and_o noble_a action_n whereby_o he_o may_v acquire_v the_o high_a honour_n it_o be_v then_o call_v magnanimity_n and_o therefore_o the_o magnanimous_a be_v still_o suppose_a to_o be_v endue_v with_o perfect_a virtue_n and_o a_o most_o large_a desire_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o believe_v he_o have_v reason_n to_o judge_v himself_o worthy_a of_o any_o honour_n that_o he_o can_v just_o pretend_v to_o and_o i_o suppose_v every_o man_n be_v sensible_a that_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o same_o virtue_n not_o only_o to_o seek_v for_o true_a honour_n but_o also_o to_o take_v care_n to_o preserve_v it_o when_o it_o be_v obtain_v and_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o these_o virtue_n the_o contrary_a vice_n be_v more_o easy_o understand_v for_o pride_n be_v direct_o opposite_a both_o to_o magnanimity_n and_o humility_n show_v itself_o in_o a_o preposterous_a ambition_n foolish_a arrogance_n or_o vainglory_n and_o so_o pusillanimity_n or_o meanness_n of_o spirit_n be_v direct_o contrary_a to_o magnanimity_n §_o 20._o thus_o we_o have_v run_v through_o almost_o all_o the_o particular_a virtue_n and_o do_v still_o find_v in_o each_o of_o they_o a_o constant_a respect_n or_o tendency_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n so_o that_o whether_o they_o regard_v ourselves_o or_o other_o the_o same_o great_a end_n be_v still_o intend_a by_o god_n the_o most_o wife_n legislator_n and_o this_o law_n be_v thus_o
health_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n so_o from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o order_n of_o divers_a subordinate_a good_n and_o the_o proportion_n which_o any_o one_o of_o they_o bear_v to_o the_o common_a or_o great_a good_a may_v easy_o be_v deduce_v how_o much_o the_o wellbeing_a or_o happiness_n of_o every_o single_a person_n may_v contribute_v to_o that_o of_o the_o whole_a family_n the_o felicity_n of_o a_o family_n to_o that_o of_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o of_o a_o common-weal_n to_o the_o happiness_n of_o all_o nation_n and_o of_o all_o these_o consider_v together_o what_o proportion_n they_o may_v bear_v to_o the_o common_a felicity_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o hence_o you_o may_v be_v easy_o satisfy_v how_o much_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o one_o truth_n conduce_v to_o our_o right_a prosecution_n of_o this_o great_a end_n and_o indeed_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n §_o 25._o last_o which_o yet_o ought_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v put_v in_o the_o first_o place_n of_o all_o let_v we_o consider_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_n of_o all_o the_o moral_a virtue_n love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n express_v in_o all_o the_o act_n of_o divine_a worship_n as_o prayer_n praise_n thanksgiving_n etc._n etc._n this_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o virtue_n since_o it_o do_v that_o which_o be_v high_o grateful_a and_o please_a to_o god_n the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o speak_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o we_o man_n perform_v somewhat_o good_a and_o agreeable_a to_o his_o divine_a nature_n and_o which_o also_o in_o respect_n of_o ourselves_o make_v we_o most_o happy_a not_o only_o by_o render_v the_o deity_n propitious_a to_o we_o but_o also_o by_o a_o near_a spiritual_a approach_n and_o conversation_n with_o it_o in_o those_o holy_a exercise_n it_o put_v we_o in_o the_o happy_a state_n we_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o mortal_a life_n and_o so_o make_v we_o more_o able_a to_o perform_v the_o great_a end_n of_o our_o creation_n viz._n our_o contribute_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n §_o 26._o i_o have_v be_v the_o large_a in_o lay_v down_o and_o explain_v this_o law_n as_o a_o measure_n or_o standard_n of_o all_o good_a action_n to_o the_o end_n that_o we_o shall_v esteem_v all_o good_a or_o evil_a not_o as_o it_o more_o or_o less_o profit_n or_o hurt_v our_o own_o particular_a body_n alone_o but_o as_o it_o may_v more_o or_o less_o add_v to_o or_o detract_v from_o this_o common_a good_a so_o that_o in_o compare_v of_o all_o good_n together_o whether_o natural_a or_o moral_a we_o ought_v still_o to_o look_v upon_o that_o as_o the_o great_a good_n which_o conferr_v most_o and_o that_o to_o be_v the_o least_o which_o contribute_v least_o to_o this_o great_a end_n which_o be_v therefore_o to_o be_v desire_v or_o prosecute_v by_o we_o with_o proportionable_a affection_n and_o endeavour_n from_o whence_o also_o may_v be_v draw_v a_o general_a and_o powerful_a remedy_n against_o all_o those_o inordinate_a passion_n proceed_v from_o excessive_a self-love_n by_o which_o man_n be_v most_o common_o draw_v to_o hurt_v or_o injure_v other_o for_o a_o man_n who_o thus_o govern_v himself_o will_v not_o extravagant_o desire_v any_o of_o these_o outward_a thing_n nor_o suffer_v his_o soul_n to_o be_v disturb_v by_o the_o consciousness_n of_o any_o crime_n who_o judge_n nothing_o true_o good_a but_o what_o real_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n §_o 27._o thus_o i_o hope_v i_o have_v demonstrate_v the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a or_o of_o virtue_n and_o vice_n and_o have_v endeavour_v to_o render_v moral_a philosophy_n or_o the_o true_a knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o practical_a science_n and_o not_o mere_o speculative_a or_o notional_a like_o that_o of_o the_o stoic_n who_o whilst_o they_o allow_v nothing_o to_o be_v real_o good_a but_o virtue_n or_o evil_a except_o vice_n and_o keep_v such_o a_o pother_n to_o extol_v the_o real_a good_a of_o the_o former_a and_o declaim_v against_o the_o certain_a evil_n of_o the_o latter_a yet_o by_o not_o give_v we_o the_o true_a reason_n or_o ground_n why_o virtue_n shall_v be_v embrace_v and_o vice_n avoid_v they_o render_v their_o philosophy_n mere_o speculative_a and_o only_o fit_a for_o those_o idle_a porch_n in_o which_o they_o declaim_v scarce_o have_v any_o far_a influence_n upon_o the_o action_n of_o life_n when_o either_o their_o own_o affection_n or_o any_o powerful_a outward_a temptation_n do_v at_o any_o time_n prompt_v they_o to_o act_v contrary_a thereunto_o for_o virtue_n be_v only_o to_o be_v esteem_v as_o the_o high_a or_o most_o perfect_a good_a not_o as_o it_o be_v a_o well-sounding_a word_n or_o that_o fill_v our_o mind_n with_o some_o vain_a empty_a notion_n but_o as_o it_o determine_v our_o action_n to_o their_o utmost_a influeence_n upon_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n which_o be_v the_o only_a true_a piety_n as_o consist_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o command_n and_o will_v of_o god_n by_o the_o imitation_n of_o his_o divine_a goodness_n and_o beneficence_n §_o 28._o so_o that_o i_o shall_v conclude_v this_o chapter_n with_o dr._n parker_n excellent_a consideration_n on_o this_o subject_a and_o which_o being_n better_a than_o any_o thing_n that_o i_o can_v now_o think_v of_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o give_v it_o you_o almost_o in_o his_o own_o word_n 23._o with_o a_o little_a alteration_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o demonstrative_o certain_a by_o induction_n of_o particular_n according_a to_o the_o method_n we_o have_v now_o take_v that_o every_o virtue_n have_v some_o natural_a efficacy_n to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n and_o be_v no_o otherwise_o a_o virtue_n but_o as_o it_o contribute_v to_o this_o great_a end_n and_o that_o each_o man_n be_v true_a private_a interest_n and_o happiness_n be_v therein_o contain_v and_o inseparable_o connect_v with_o it_o by_o the_o necessary_a order_n of_o nature_n i._n e_o by_o the_o contrivance_n and_o wisdom_n of_o divine_a providence_n so_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o its_o author_n command_v all_o his_o rational_a creature_n that_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o knowledge_n of_o his_o will_n and_o sense_n of_o their_o duty_n to_o act_v suitable_o to_o that_o order_n of_o thing_n which_o he_o have_v establish_v in_o the_o world_n and_o to_o that_o declaration_n of_o his_o will_n which_o he_o have_v make_v by_o that_o establishment_n in_o order_n to_o the_o bring_n about_o this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n chap._n v._n contain_v a_o answer_n to_o such_o objection_n as_o may_v be_v make_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n thus_o explain_v and_o reduce_v into_o this_o proposition_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n with_o a_o conclusion_n prove_v this_o to_o be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 1._o since_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o man_n who_o according_a to_o their_o several_a principle_n and_o inclination_n may_v make_v different_a objection_n against_o this_o our_o method_n of_o prove_v and_o deduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o contract_v it_o into_o this_o sing'e_v easy_a proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o shall_v therefore_o divide_v they_o into_o platonist_n or_o epicurean_o those_o who_o put_v the_o whole_a stress_n of_o their_o belief_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n upon_o innate_a idea_n or_o principle_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a impress_v by_o god_n upon_o man_n soul_n and_o who_o i_o doubt_v not_o may_v have_v a_o true_a zeal_n though_o without_o knowledge_n for_o this_o common_a good_a which_o be_v more_o than_o i_o can_v promise_v for_o those_o who_o falâ—ing_v into_o the_o other_o extreme_a will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o can_v have_v any_o true_a or_o certain_a notion_n or_o idea_n of_o this_o common_a good_a so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n i_o shall_v therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n consider_v those_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o the_o former_a sort_n of_o man_n who_o first_o objection_n may_v be_v this_o that_o it_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o the_o goodness_n of_o god_n to_o imprint_v upon_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n certain_a character_n and_o notion_n of_o himself_o and_o also_o of_o those_o moral_a duty_n which_o he_o require_v of_o they_o and_o not_o to_o leave_v they_o in_o the_o dark_a and_o in_o doubt_n about_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a a_o concernment_n to_o they_o since_o by_o that_o mean_v he_o will_v not_o only_o have_v secure_v himself_o of_o that_o worship_n and_o veneration_n which_o be_v due_a from_o so_o intelligent_a a_o creature_n as_o man_n
beside_o himself_o and_o that_o he_o do_v true_o observe_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n towards_o himself_o by_o a_o temperate_a and_o a_o rational_a life_n as_o also_o towards_o his_o neighbour_n by_o observe_v that_o great_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o he_o will_v be_v do_v by_o in_o all_o case_n towards_o other_o i_o say_v such_o a_o man_n though_o never_o so_o simple_a and_o ignorant_a in_o other_o thing_n do_v real_o contribute_v his_o share_n of_o endeavour_n towards_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a and_o though_o he_o may_v not_o distinct_o know_v all_o the_o true_a reason_n and_o ground_n of_o his_o own_o action_n yet_o if_o he_o thus_o lead_v his_o life_n and_o observe_v all_o these_o rule_n tend_v to_o this_o end_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o that_o he_o will_v meet_v with_o all_o those_o reward_n intend_v by_o god_n for_o virtuous_a action_n provide_v he_o have_v never_o hear_v of_o or_o at_o least_o wilful_o refuse_v the_o more_o perfect_a law_n of_o the_o gospel_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n when_o due_o propose_v to_o he_o thus_o a_o country_n carpenter_n may_v deserve_v sufficient_a wage_n and_o commendation_n if_o he_o can_v build_v a_o house_n and_o honest_o perform_v his_o work_n according_a to_o those_o few_o practical_a rule_n he_o have_v learn_v though_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v all_o the_o principle_n of_o geometry_n or_o architecture_n according_a to_o which_o all_o that_o he_o have_v wrought_v may_v easy_o be_v demonstrate_v to_o he_o if_o he_o will_v but_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o understand_v they_o §_o 6._o there_o be_v another_o objection_n which_o this_o sort_n of_o man_n may_v make_v against_o our_o method_n of_o find_v out_o and_o demonstrate_v this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n in_o that_o i_o make_v every_o man_n obligation_n to_o endeavour_v it_o to_o arise_v from_o its_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n to_o himself_o alone_o whereby_o it_o may_v seem_v as_o if_o we_o suppose_v the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n be_v to_o be_v postpone_v and_o make_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o particular_a person_n to_o satisfy_v which_o scruple_n i_o do_v in_o the_o first_o place_n affirm_v that_o we_o do_v not_o intend_v any_o such_o thing_n since_o we_o have_v all_o along_o endeavour_v to_o establish_v the_o quite_o contrary_a doctrine_n for_o i_o assert_v that_o no_o man_n have_v any_o right_n proper_o so_o call_v to_o his_o own_o life_n or_o be_v but_o in_o order_n and_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o the_o honour_n and_o service_n of_o god_n and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o more_o distinct_o declare_v how_o these_o though_o some_o may_v think_v they_o contrary_a to_o each_o other_o do_v very_o well_o consist_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o our_o natural_a obligation_n to_o this_o law_n be_v not_o discover_v by_o we_o in_o the_o same_o order_n and_o method_n as_o it_o be_v constitute_v by_o god_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n for_o our_o weak_a finite_a understanding_n when_o act_v without_o the_o assistance_n of_o divine_a revelation_n do_v slow_o enough_o at_o first_o attain_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o individual_a or_o single_a thing_n and_o thence_o take_v rise_v from_o such_o common_a effect_n as_o be_v most_o obvious_a to_o our_o sense_n proceed_v to_o their_o more_o obstruse_a cause_n until_o at_o length_n discover_v one_o infinite_a be_v call_v god_n to_o be_v the_o first_o cause_n and_o creator_n of_o all_o thing_n we_o from_o thence_o collect_v not_o only_o what_o be_v his_o nature_n but_o also_o what_o be_v his_o will_n whereby_o we_o do_v not_o only_o find_v that_o he_o be_v the_o best_a and_o most_o perfect_a be_v but_o that_o as_o such_o he_o will_v and_o procure_v the_o good_a and_o preservation_n not_o of_o some_o few_o singular_n alone_o but_o of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n and_o last_o that_o he_o will_v have_v we_o man_n cooperate_v as_o subordinate_a though_o free_a agent_n to_o this_o end_n as_o the_o great_a and_o worthy_a we_o can_v undertake_v which_o though_o it_o be_v the_o last_o thing_n we_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n of_o yet_o be_v that_o which_o be_v first_o and_o chief_o intend_v by_o god_n as_o the_o principal_a object_n of_o our_o knowledge_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v evident_a this_o knowledge_n of_o ourselves_o and_o of_o thing_n thus_o learn_v from_o experience_n and_o observation_n be_v intend_v by_o god_n only_o to_o serve_v as_o step_n to_o raise_v we_o to_o that_o large_a knowledge_n and_o noble_a desire_n of_o pursue_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a duty_n and_o that_o our_o will_n and_o affection_n towards_o this_o end_n be_v not_o to_o be_v regulate_v or_o direct_v in_o the_o same_o order_n by_o which_o this_o common_a good_a come_v to_o be_v discover_v i._n e._n with_o a_o respect_n to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o from_o a_o true_a judgement_n concern_v the_o measure_n of_o that_o natural_a good_a and_o perfection_n therein_o contain_v so_o that_o though_o we_o be_v at_o first_o indeed_o excite_v to_o the_o procure_v our_o own_o happiness_n as_o the_o prime_n and_o most_o natural_a motive_n of_o all_o our_o action_n yet_o we_o come_v at_o last_o upon_o better_a consideration_n to_o discover_v that_o this_o happiness_n of_o we_o be_v contain_v in_o our_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n and_o be_v inseparable_a from_o it_o as_o the_o conservation_n of_o any_o of_o our_o particular_a member_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o health_n and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n §_o 7._o and_o this_o proposition_n that_o every_o single_a man_n good_a be_v contain_v in_o the_o common-good_a prove_v indeed_o that_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n be_v by_o reward_n and_o punishment_n to_o every_o single_a man_n but_o that_o every_o be_v not_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o myself_o or_o any_o one_o man_n alone_o but_o extend_v alike_o to_o each_o other_o man_n or_o all_o man_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o these_o word_n every_o man_n collective_o take_v amount_v to_o all_o man_n as_o every_o part_n collective_o take_v signify_v the_o whole_a and_o though_o the_o main_a end_n intend_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n from_o such_o reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v obedience_n to_o his_o law_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n as_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v indeed_o of_o much_o great_a value_n to_o he_o than_o the_o happiness_n of_o any_o one_o single_a person_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o detract_v from_o the_o perfection_n or_o sincerity_n of_o this_o obedience_n if_o from_o the_o consideration_n of_o a_o man_n be_v own_o particular_a happiness_n or_o misery_n he_o thereby_o come_v to_o consider_v and_o understand_v that_o god_n have_v command_v he_o to_o pursue_v a_o high_a and_o noble_a end_n than_o that_o alone_o yet_o to_o which_o his_o own_o happiness_n or_o misery_n be_v inseparable_o connect_v §_o 8._o i_o come_v in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o these_o objection_n that_o may_v be_v make_v by_o man_n of_o quite_o contrary_a principle_n and_o who_o will_v not_o acknowledge_v that_o we_o either_o can_v or_o aught_o to_o propose_v this_o common_a good_a as_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o main_a end_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n their_o first_o objection_n may_v be_v this_o that_o it_o seem_v not_o suitable_a to_o god_n infinite_a goodness_n and_o power_n and_o wisdom_n in_o the_o government_n of_o mankind_n if_o he_o do_v real_o intend_v its_o good_a and_o happiness_n as_o we_o here_o suppose_v to_o permit_v so_o great_a a_o design_n to_o be_v so_o often_o disturb_v if_o not_o quite_o frustrate_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o various_a passion_n and_o unreasonable_a appetite_n of_o so_o many_o violent_a wicked_a and_o unjust_a man_n which_o if_o mankind_n be_v well_o consider_v do_v make_v up_o the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o aggregate_v body_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o objection_n i_o may_v tell_v those_o that_o make_v it_o that_o the_o true_a original_n of_o that_o deprave_a state_n of_o mankind_n and_o from_o which_o all_o that_o disorder_n which_o we_o now_o find_v in_o humane_a nature_n be_v derive_v be_v the_o fall_n of_o adam_n the_o first_o father_n of_o mankind_n who_o thereby_o convey_v a_o weakness_n of_o reason_n and_o that_o prevail_a power_n which_o we_o feel_v in_o our_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o passion_n to_o all_o his_o posterity_n whereby_o man_n be_v become_v very_o prone_a to_o evil_a and_o too_o apt_a to_o transgress_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o insist_v upon_o this_o because_o the_o
by_o the_o due_a observation_n of_o justice_n and_o charity_n or_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n towards_o other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a according_a to_o the_o order_n we_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o in_o the_o former_a chapter_n all_o which_o be_v but_o our_o endeavour_v to_o procure_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n it_o be_v true_a mr._n h._n in_o his_o leu._n chap._n 13._o contract_n all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n into_o this_o short_a and_o easy_a rule_n which_o he_o say_v be_v intelligible_a even_o by_o the_o mean_a capacity_n viz._n do_v not_o that_o to_o another_o thou_o will_v not_o have_v do_v to_o thyself_o which_o rule_n though_o very_o true_a and_o the_o same_o in_o effect_n which_o be_v give_v by_o our_o bless_a saviour_n himself_o yet_o without_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n will_v too_o often_o fail_v for_o if_o this_o rule_n be_v strict_o and_o literal_o to_o be_v understand_v no_o prince_n judge_n or_o other_o magistrate_n can_v condemn_v a_o malefactor_n to_o death_n for_o in_o so_o do_v he_o do_v that_o to_o another_o which_o he_o will_v not_o have_v do_v to_o himself_o in_o the_o like_a state_n since_o he_o himself_o as_o well_o as_o the_o criminal_a he_o condemn_v will_v then_o desire_v to_o be_v pardon_v if_o he_o can_v but_o indeed_o the_o reason_n why_o all_o judge_n and_o other_o inferior_a officer_n of_o justice_n be_v excuse_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o rule_n in_o their_o public_a capacity_n be_v because_o they_o do_v not_o then_o act_v as_o private_a person_n but_o as_o public_a representative_n or_o trustee_n with_o who_o the_o common_a good_a and_o peace_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o commonwealth_n be_v entrust_v which_o as_o i_o have_v already_o show_v make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a agent_n §_o 16._o there_o be_v likewise_o other_o who_o reduce_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n into_o this_o single_a rule_n or_o precept_n preserve_v or_o do_v good_a to_o thyself_o and_o any_o other_o innocent_a person_n as_o to_o thyself_o which_o though_o i_o grant_v to_o be_v a_o true_a rule_n as_o contain_v our_o saviour_n epitome_n of_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o second_o table_n love_v thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o express_v the_o reason_n or_o principle_n on_o which_o it_o be_v found_v for_o we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n but_o as_o they_o partake_v of_o the_o same_o common_a rational_a nature_n with_o ourselves_o and_o that_o our_o do_v they_o good_a do_v conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n of_o which_o that_o person_n as_o well_o as_o ourselves_o be_v but_o small_a part_n or_o member_n nor_o have_v we_o any_o particular_a obligation_n to_o endeavour_v our_o own_o particular_a good_a but_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v part_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n §_o 17._o and_o as_o the_o whole_a law_n of_o nature_n so_o likewise_o the_o reveal_v law_n give_v from_o god_n by_o moses_n to_o the_o jew_n and_o intend_v in_o due_a time_n to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o all_o mankind_n tend_v to_o no_o other_o end_n than_o this_o great_a law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n for_o all_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o first_o table_n of_o the_o decalogue_n which_o prescribe_v our_o duty_n towards_o god_n and_o which_o our_o saviour_n have_v so_o excellent_o well_o contract_v into_o this_o single_a precept_n thou_o shall_v love_v the_o lord_n thy_o god_n with_o all_o thy_o heart_n and_o with_o all_o thy_o soul_n and_o with_o all_o thy_o strength_n etc._n etc._n contain_v nothing_o more_o than_o this_o great_a rule_n for_o as_o god_n before_o he_o think_v fit_a to_o create_v the_o world_n and_o whilst_o there_o be_v yet_o no_o creature_n to_o worship_n or_o serve_v he_o be_v not_o then_o less_o happy_a or_o perfect_a so_o neither_o now_o he_o have_v create_v they_o be_v he_o the_o happy_a if_o we_o worship_v he_o or_o the_o more_o unhappy_a if_o we_o omit_v it_o for_o man_n be_v create_v as_o a_o object_n for_o the_o divine_a goodness_n to_o exert_v itself_o upon_o it_o must_v necessary_o follow_v that_o all_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o first_o table_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o second_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n intend_v for_o man_n good_a and_o happiness_n as_o well_o as_o god_n honour_n and_o service_n so_o that_o even_o that_o great_a commandment_n of_o keep_v holy_a the_o seven_o day_n which_o most_o chief_o respect_v god_n own_o glory_n and_o service_n do_v also_o promote_v the_o good_a and_o happiness_n not_o only_o of_o the_o jew_n god_n particular_a subject_n but_o also_o of_o all_o mankind_n whensoever_o this_o law_n shall_v be_v discover_v to_o they_o so_o that_o though_o it_o command_v the_o dedicate_a of_o that_o day_n to_o the_o worship_n and_o service_n of_o god_n and_o be_v observe_v in_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n yet_o even_o in_o this_o he_o do_v not_o design_n his_o own_o glory_n and_o honour_n alone_o nay_o according_a to_o saint_n austin_n our_o good_a only_a but_o also_o our_o good_a and_o happiness_n 5._o which_o be_v then_o most_o perfect_a and_o complete_a when_o we_o bestow_v our_o time_n in_o the_o contemplation_n of_o his_o infinite_a perfection_n and_o goodness_n towards_o we_o and_o in_o render_v he_o thanks_o for_o his_o unspeakable_a benefit_n so_o that_o though_o i_o grant_v he_o have_v make_v and_o ordain_v we_o for_o his_o service_n yet_o he_o have_v so_o constitute_v our_o nature_n as_o to_o make_v our_o high_a happiness_n inseparable_o connect_v with_o all_o the_o particular_a act_n of_o his_o worship_n and_o therefore_o our_o saviour_n reprove_v the_o jew_n when_o they_o find_v fault_n with_o he_o for_o suffer_v his_o disciple_n to_o pluck_v the_o ear_n of_o corn_n on_o the_o sabbath_n day_n express_o tell_v they_o that_o if_o they_o hâ—d_v know_v what_o this_o mean_n 8._o i_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o not_o sacrifice_n they_o will_v not_o have_v condemn_v the_o guiltless_a for_o the_o son_n of_o man_n i._n e._n not_o christ_n alone_o but_o every_o christian_a be_v lord_n even_o of_o the_o sabbath-day_n and_o in_o st._n mark_n 2.27_o that_o the_o sabbath_n be_v make_v for_o man_n and_o not_o man_n for_o the_o sabbath_n thereby_o teach_v we_o that_o the_o sabbath_n itself_o be_v also_o institute_v for_o man_n sake_n and_o that_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n he_o be_v master_n of_o it_o and_o so_o likewise_o our_o saviour_n himself_o by_o choose_v to_o do_v his_o great_a miracle_n of_o heal_v on_o the_o sabbath-day_n have_v teach_v we_o that_o the_o performance_n of_o act_n of_o charity_n and_o mercy_n on_o that_o day_n be_v a_o great_a and_o necessary_a part_n of_o god_n service_n §_o 18._o but_o as_o for_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n i_o need_v not_o insist_v upon_o they_o because_o our_o saviour_n himself_o have_v contract_v they_o all_o even_o that_o of_o honour_v our_o parent_n into_o this_o short_a precept_n thou_o shall_v love_v thy_o neighbour_n as_o thyself_o which_o be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o bid_v we_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n so_o that_o as_o this_o law_n of_o the_o most_o diffusive_a benevolence_n of_o rational_a agent_n contain_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o moral_a law_n contain_v in_o the_o ten_o commandment_n so_o likewise_o be_v it_o the_o sum_n of_o the_o whole_a gospel_n deliver_v by_o our_o saviour_n christ_n and_o his_o apostle_n for_o as_o one_o great_a design_n of_o our_o saviour_n come_v into_o the_o world_n be_v by_o his_o most_o excellent_a precept_n and_o example_n to_o exalt_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o a_o high_a perfection_n than_o what_o man_n by_o the_o common_a use_n of_o reason_n can_v general_o attain_v to_o so_o likewise_o be_v it_o one_o of_o the_o main_a design_n of_o his_o come_n to_o restore_v the_o law_n of_o moses_n to_o its_o primitive_a purity_n and_o perfection_n and_o to_o free_v it_o from_o those_o false_a interpretation_n and_o tradition_n with_o which_o the_o pharisee_n have_v corrupt_v it_o for_o whereas_o they_o have_v confine_v the_o observation_n of_o that_o command_n of_o love_v our_o neighbour_n only_o to_o outward_a act_n or_o at_o least_o restrain_v it_o only_o to_o those_o of_o their_o own_o nation_n or_o religion_n our_o saviour_n christ_n command_v a_o great_a perfection_n and_o forbid_v even_o so_o much_o as_o the_o thought_n or_o desire_n of_o murder_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n and_o whereas_o the_o jew_n do_v suppose_v that_o they_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o show_v act_n of_o charity_n or_o
but_o those_o in_o the_o second_o etc._n etc._n in_o answer_n to_o which_o i_o grant_v indeed_o that_o particular_a person_n when_o they_o join_v with_o other_o in_o any_o society_n or_o company_n do_v usual_o consider_v some_o peculiar_a end_n either_o of_o profit_n or_o pleasure_n which_o may_v thence_o redound_v to_o themselves_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o man_n be_v not_o a_o creature_n design_v by_o god_n for_o society_n or_o that_o he_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o right_a reason_n to_o be_v friendly_a and_o sociable_a even_o to_o those_o from_o who_o no_o present_a advantage_n can_v be_v expect_v for_o though_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o man_n either_o from_o a_o peculiar_a agreement_n of_o disposition_n or_o that_o they_o suppose_v they_o can_v soon_o obtain_v some_o particular_a end_n or_o advantage_n in_o some_o man_n conversation_n than_o other_o and_o do_v therefore_o prefer_v such_o man_n company_n before_o other_o yet_o do_v not_o this_o prove_v that_o man_n be_v not_o natural_o a_o sociable_a creature_n since_o he_o himself_o grant_v that_o man_n can_v neither_o live_v comfortable_o nor_o be_v so_o much_o as_o breed_v up_o or_o preserve_v without_o the_o help_n and_o society_n of_o other_o therefore_o if_o he_o be_v determine_v to_o the_o end_n viz._n happiness_n and_o self-preservation_n he_o be_v likewise_o as_o necessary_o determine_v to_o the_o mean_n viz._n society_n and_o his_o inclination_n to_o this_o or_o that_o man_n company_n more_o than_o other_o be_v no_o more_o a_o argument_n against_o our_o nature_n require_v society_n than_o if_o i_o shall_v argue_v that_o because_o i_o love_v mutton_n better_o than_o veal_n therefore_o it_o be_v not_o from_o my_o nature_n but_o only_o by_o accident_n that_o i_o be_o ordain_v to_o preserve_v my_o life_n by_o eat_v and_o as_o for_o the_o instance_n which_o he_o give_v to_o let_v we_o see_v with_o what_o intent_n man_n meet_v together_o from_o what_o man_n do_v when_o they_o be_v meet_v it_o be_v plain_a that_o mr._n h._n here_o confound_v that_o natural_a society_n which_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a for_o man_n preservation_n with_o these_o particular_a club_n or_o company_n which_o man_n keep_v for_o their_o great_a pleasure_n or_o advantage_n and_o though_o i_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o some_o man_n particular_a profit_n or_o pleasure_n may_v be_v promote_v or_o increase_v by_o frequent_v some_o man_n company_n rather_o than_o other_o as_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o great_a agreement_n of_o disposition_n or_o that_o we_o have_v be_v more_o use_v to_o this_o or_o that_o man_n company_n by_o education_n or_o long_a acquaintance_n etc._n etc._n and_o though_o it_o be_v likewise_o grant_v that_o a_o man_n do_v more_o frequent_a their_o company_n among_o who_o he_o find_v most_o honour_n and_o profit_n since_o every_o man_n may_v lawful_o pursue_v his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o advantage_n if_o he_o know_v right_o how_o to_o judge_v of_o it_o yet_o this_o do_v not_o at_o all_o contradict_v man_n sociable_a nature_n provide_v the_o common_a bond_n of_o society_n be_v not_o break_v and_o disturb_v by_o any_o man_n more_o particular_a interest_n or_o inclination_n and_o god_n have_v not_o so_o design_v we_o to_o good_a for_o other_o as_o that_o we_o shall_v neglect_v all_o care_n of_o ourselves_o but_o that_o this_o sociableness_n be_v therefore_o to_o be_v observe_v by_o mankind_n that_o by_o a_o mutual_a communication_n of_o humane_a assistance_n and_o other_o natural_a good_n between_o divers_a person_n we_o may_v more_o convenient_o promote_v our_o own_o pleasure_n or_o advantage_n joint_o with_o that_o of_o other_o since_o a_o mutual_a love_n and_o benevolence_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v among_o man_n though_o not_o otherwise_o relate_v to_o each_o other_o than_o by_o the_o common_a relation_n of_o humanity_n and_o with_o who_o we_o may_v preserve_v a_o sufficient_a concord_n by_o do_v they_o good_a rather_o than_o hurt_v whenever_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n and_o though_o a_o man_n when_o he_o join_v himself_o with_o some_o particular_a company_n will_v in_o the_o first_o place_n consider_v his_o own_o pleasure_n or_o profit_n before_o that_o of_o his_o companion_n yet_o ought_v he_o not_o so_o to_o consult_v his_o private_a advantage_n as_o that_o the_o good_a of_o the_o civil_a society_n or_o of_o mankind_n in_o general_n be_v thereby_o prejudice_v by_o injure_v any_o of_o its_o particular_a member_n and_o a_o man_n as_o well_o in_o natural_a as_o moral_a and_o civil_a action_n may_v propose_v his_o own_o pleasure_n or_o profit_n in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o he_o may_v also_o intend_v some_o high_a or_o noble_a end_n of_o his_o thus_o act_v thus_o a_o man_n who_o intend_v to_o marry_v may_v lawful_o propose_v to_o himself_o his_o own_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n though_o the_o great_a end_n of_o marriage_n and_o which_o he_o may_v also_o chief_o intend_v be_v the_o propagation_n of_o mankind_n so_o likewise_o a_o master_n or_o tutor_n that_o instruct_v other_o may_v lawful_o propose_v to_o himself_o his_o own_o profit_n or_o advantage_n thereby_o though_o he_o may_v also_o ultimate_o intend_v the_o instruction_n of_o his_o scholar_n or_o pupil_n that_o be_v the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n as_o the_o great_a end_n of_o his_o take_v that_o profession_n so_o likewise_o in_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n a_o man_n may_v propose_v to_o himself_o his_o own_o security_n profit_n or_o honour_n as_o a_o reason_n why_o he_o bestow_v his_o time_n and_o labour_n or_o venture_v his_o life_n in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o public_a and_o yet_o he_o may_v far_o propose_v to_o himself_o the_o love_n of_o his_o country_n or_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n as_o the_o great_a end_n of_o his_o action_n §_o 6._o so_o that_o it_o be_v to_o little_a purpose_n which_o mr._n h._n allege_v that_o the_o original_n of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o last_a society_n to_o wit_n commonwealth_n do_v not_o proceed_v from_o mutual_a goodwill_n but_o mutual_a fear_n the_o word_n fear_v be_v use_v for_o any_o foresight_n or_o precaution_n of_o a_o future_a evil._n for_o we_o be_v not_o here_o consider_v the_o original_n of_o civil_a society_n but_o of_o that_o natural_a sociableness_n among_o man_n which_o we_o look_v upon_o as_o most_o necessary_a and_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n though_o some_o particular_a man_n be_v also_o sensible_a how_o obnoxious_a they_o be_v to_o the_o injury_n of_o those_o who_o seek_v their_o own_o pleasure_n or_o profit_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o the_o interest_n or_o good_a of_o other_o do_v to_o prevent_v they_o unite_v themselves_o together_o in_o that_o strict_a league_n of_o amity_n call_v civil_a society_n so_o that_o this_o common_a amity_n or_o benevolence_n can_v be_v omit_v to_o be_v first_o suppose_v even_o in_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o common_a wealth_n since_o those_o who_o found_v they_o must_v have_v be_v before_o unite_v either_o by_o some_o natural_a relation_n and_o a_o mutual_a confidence_n in_o or_o benevolence_n towards_o each_o other_o although_o perhaps_o other_o might_n afterward_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o their_o power_n or_o a_o like_n of_o their_o government_n be_v compel_v or_o allure_v to_o join_v or_o associate_v themselves_o with_o they_o §_o 7._o but_o as_o for_o those_o instance_n mr._n h._n give_v we_o of_o those_o that_o seek_v society_n only_o to_o censure_v the_o life_n and_o action_n of_o other_o man_n thereby_o to_o gain_v glory_n to_o themselves_o from_o the_o folly_n or_o infirmity_n of_o those_o they_o converse_v with_o such_o sort_n of_o conversation_n consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o some_o idle_a ill-natured_a man_n who_o count_v themselves_o wit_n and_o have_v little_a else_o to_o do_v but_o to_o speak_v ill_o of_o and_o censure_v other_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o major_a part_n of_o mankind_n who_o need_v each_o other_o society_n for_o more_o necessary_a occasion_n have_v common_o other_o business_n to_o discourse_v of_o when_o they_o meet_v §_o 8._o as_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o thing_n he_o say_v that_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n may_v be_v much_o better_o procure_v by_o dominion_n over_o than_o by_o the_o society_n of_o other_o that_o be_v altogether_o false_a and_o precarious_a since_o no_o man_n by_o his_o own_o single_a strength_n and_o without_o the_o voluntary_a help_n or_o society_n of_o other_o can_v ever_o yet_o subdue_v and_o make_v slave_n of_o all_o other_o man_n he_o meet_v with_o and_o therefore_o if_o any_o man_n ever_o increase_v his_o natural_a power_n or_o advantage_n over_o other_o it_o be_v not_o by_o virtue_n of_o his_o own_o sole_a power_n or_o strength_n but_o by_o man_n deference_n to_o his_o valour_n or_o virtue_n when_o they_o choose_v he_o for_o their_o head_n or_o leader_n or_o
it_o be_v thus_o natural_o determine_v nor_o will_v he_o allow_v any_o difference_n by_o nature_n between_o man_n and_o other_o creature_n neither_o between_o man_n endue_v with_o reason_n and_o those_o that_o have_v not_o yet_o attain_v the_o use_n of_o it_o neither_o between_o fool_n and_o madman_n and_o other_o that_o be_v of_o sound_a understanding_n and_o his_o reason_n be_v this_o for_o whatever_o any_o creature_n do_v by_o the_o force_n of_o its_o nature_n it_o do_v it_o by_o the_o high_a right_n viz._n because_o it_o act_v as_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n determine_v neither_o be_v it_o able_a to_o act_v otherwise_o therefore_o among_o man_n whilst_o consider_v as_o live_v under_o the_o mere_a empire_n of_o nature_n as_o well_o he_o that_o do_v not_o yet_o understand_v reason_n or_o have_v not_o acquire_v a_o habit_n of_o virtue_n live_v by_o the_o high_a right_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o his_o own_o appetite_n as_o well_o as_o he_o that_o direct_v his_o life_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o reason_n so_o that_o as_o a_o wiseman_n have_v a_o right_a to_o all_o thing_n that_o reason_n dictate_v or_o of_o live_v according_a to_o its_o rule_n so_o likewise_o the_o ignorant_a and_o foolish_a have_v a_o like_a right_n to_o all_o thing_n which_o their_o appetite_n desire_v so_o that_o every_o man_n natural_a right_n be_v not_o determine_v by_o right_a reason_n but_o by_o power_n and_o appetite_n for_o all_o man_n be_v not_o natural_o ordain_v to_o operate_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n be_v bear_v ignorant_a of_o all_o thing_n and_o before_o they_o come_v to_o know_v the_o true_a rule_n of_o life_n or_o acquire_v a_o habit_n of_o virtue_n a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n slip_v away_o though_o they_o be_v never_o so_o well_o educate_v and_o therefore_o he_o conclude_v that_o whatever_o any_o one_o do_v in_o order_n as_o he_o think_v to_o his_o own_o preservation_n or_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o sensual_a appetite_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o this_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n it_o be_v lawful_a because_o the_o only_a rule_n he_o have_v to_o act_v by_o §_o 9_o have_v give_v you_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v for_o this_o wicked_a as_o well_o as_o foolish_a opinion_n in_o their_o own_o word_n i_o shall_v now_o endeavour_v to_o confute_v it_o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o i_o observe_v that_o this_o which_o they_o call_v the_o right_n of_o nature_n and_o which_o mr._n h._n define_v to_o be_v a_o state_n of_o perfect_a liberty_n be_v in_o their_o sense_n no_o other_o than_o that_o of_o absolute_a necessity_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v it_o to_o the_o reader_n to_o judge_v how_o proper_o this_o word_n right_o belong_v to_o brute_n infant_n and_o fool_n for_o the_o word_n right_o be_v use_v by_o those_o that_o treat_v of_o ethic_n only_o in_o respect_n of_o reasonable_a man_n as_o capable_a of_o deliberation_n and_o judgement_n and_o endue_v with_o freedom_n of_o action_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o law_n for_o to_o call_v that_o necessity_n by_o which_o fish_n devour_v each_o other_o and_o madman_n beat_v their_o keeper_n a_o right_a be_v as_o proper_a to_o talk_v of_o a_o right_n of_o stone_n to_o fall_v downward_o no_o philosopher_n but_o these_o ever_o use_v the_o word_n right_o for_o necessity_n but_o a_o liberty_n leave_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o act_v according_a to_o reason_n 2_o the_o last_o author_n confound_v the_o nature_n of_o beast_n fool_n and_o madman_n who_o have_v no_o knowledge_n of_o a_o god_n or_o sense_n of_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a with_o that_o of_o rational_a creature_n who_o be_v ordain_v for_o great_a end_n and_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o high_a law_n than_o that_o of_o mere_a appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o i_o desire_v these_o gentleman_n to_o show_v we_o that_o such_o unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n do_v necessary_o and_o unevitable_o carry_v man_n to_o act_v constant_o according_a to_o they_o so_o that_o the_o man_n have_v then_o no_o power_n leave_v to_o oppose_v resist_v or_o restrain_v they_o and_o though_o we_o grant_v that_o child_n be_v not_o yet_o sensible_a and_o fool_n and_o madman_n be_v never_o perhaps_o capable_a of_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n or_o nature_n and_o so_o can_v be_v subject_a to_o they_o nor_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v among_o voluntary_a agent_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o those_o that_o be_v of_o mature_a age_n and_o sound_a mind_n and_o so_o can_v plead_v invincible_a ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o out_o of_o their_o own_o wilful_a humour_n or_o unreasonable_a appetite_n neglect_v to_o know_v or_o learn_v or_o through_o wilful_a ignorance_n transgress_v it_o shall_v claim_v the_o like_a exemption_n for_o though_o we_o be_v not_o angry_a with_o child_n or_o natural_a fool_n if_o they_o cry_v for_o or_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n they_o see_v and_o pity_v mad_a people_n even_o while_o they_o be_v outrageous_a with_o those_o that_o tend_v they_o yet_o have_v we_o not_o the_o same_o forbearance_n and_o pity_n for_o man_n of_o sound_a mind_n and_o mature_a age_n if_o they_o do_v the_o like_a unreasonable_a thing_n and_o govern_v themselves_o by_o no_o other_o law_n but_o their_o own_o unreasonable_a appetite_n and_o passion_n since_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n both_o to_o have_v know_v and_o act_v otherwise_o and_o to_o have_v deliberate_v and_o judge_v whether_o it_o be_v not_o better_o for_o they_o to_o forbear_v such_o evil_a act_n than_o to_o do_v they_o §_o 10._o neither_o can_n invincible_a ignorance_n be_v any_o excuse_n as_o to_o they_o for_o though_o perhaps_o they_o may_v not_o have_v brain_n fit_a for_o the_o mathematics_n or_o be_v not_o able_a to_o deduce_v all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n from_o their_o true_a principle_n yet_o by_o the_o precept_n of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o their_o own_o reason_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n they_o may_v easy_o have_v learn_v all_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o honest_a man_n that_o be_v their_o duty_n towards_o their_o neighbour_n by_o that_o golden_a rule_n of_o do_v as_o they_o will_v be_v do_v by_o and_o their_o duty_n towards_o themselves_o by_o endeavour_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n and_o preservation_n by_o the_o only_a mean_n tend_v thereunto_o viz._n without_o injure_v other_o and_o do_v their_o duty_n towards_o god_n in_o reverence_v he_o and_o obey_v his_o will_n when_o discover_v to_o they_o also_o in_o endeavour_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o power_n the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o all_o which_o principle_n have_v be_v ever_o so_o natural_a to_o man_n that_o they_o have_v in_o all_o age_n acknowledge_v they_o to_o have_v still_o remain_v the_o same_o therefore_o mr._n h._n as_o also_o the_o author_n of_o the_o treatise_n last_o mention_v be_v very_o much_o mistake_v so_o direct_o to_o oppose_v our_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o the_o rational_a nature_n of_o man_n as_o if_o he_o be_v so_o much_o behold_v to_o art_n for_o they_o that_o he_o can_v never_o have_v acquire_v they_o himself_o without_o teach_v which_o be_v all_o one_o as_o to_o say_v that_o because_o most_o man_n learn_v arithmetic_n therefore_o it_o be_v so_o absolute_o beside_o or_o above_o nature_n that_o no_o man_n ever_o attain_v it_o of_o himself_o which_o be_v contrary_a both_o to_o reason_n and_o experience_n since_o both_o arithmetic_n and_o geometry_n as_o also_o ethic_n must_v have_v be_v natural_a to_o those_o that_o first_o teach_v they_o but_o i_o have_v already_o sufficient_o prove_v by_o mr._n h_n own_o concession_n that_o reason_n and_o experience_n be_v as_o natural_a to_o humane_a nature_n as_o hunt_v be_v to_o dog_n be_v though_o in_o both_o of_o they_o there_o be_v require_v both_o exercise_n and_o experience_n to_o learn_v it_o §_o 11._o nor_o do_v mr._n h_n excuse_n which_o he_o give_v we_o in_o the_o 13_o chapter_n of_o his_o leviathan_n signify_v any_o thing_n viz._n that_o man_n passion_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v no_o sin_n nor_o the_o action_n which_o proceed_v from_o they_o as_o long_o as_o they_o see_v no_o power_n which_o can_v prohibit_v they_o for_o neither_o can_v a_o law_n be_v know_v before_o it_o be_v make_v neither_o can_v it_o be_v make_v till_o they_o have_v agree_v upon_o a_o legislator_n to_o which_o may_v be_v easy_o answer_v that_o mr._n h._n all_o along_o proceed_v upon_o this_o false_a supposition_n that_o god_n be_v not_o a_o legislator_n without_o divine_a revelation_n nor_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v proper_o his_o law_n both_o which_o assertion_n if_o they_o have_v be_v prove_v false_a in_o the_o precede_a discourse_n it_o will_v certain_o follow_v that_o
be_v determine_v by_o a_o man_n be_v own_o judgement_n therefore_o also_o be_v the_o honour_n and_o duty_n due_a to_o father_n last_o where_o there_o be_v no_o public_a judgement_n therefore_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o give_v testimony_n either_o true_a or_o false_a since_o therefore_o the_o obligation_n to_o observe_v those_o law_n be_v prior_n to_o the_o promulgation_n of_o they_o as_o be_v contain_v in_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prohibit_v the_o violation_n of_o compact_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v for_o where_o we_o be_v under_o a_o obligation_n to_o obedience_n before_o we_o know_v what_o will_v be_v command_v we_o be_v there_o universal_o and_o in_o all_o thing_n oblige_v to_o obey_v from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o no_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v not_o make_v in_o reproach_n to_o god_n in_o respect_n of_o who_o all_o commonwealth_n be_v not_o at_o their_o own_o disposal_n nor_o can_v be_v say_v to_o give_v law_n can_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o although_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n prohibit_v theft_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n yet_o if_o the_o civil_a law_n shall_v command_v you_o to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o another_o or_o to_o lie_v with_o any_o woman_n that_o be_v not_o theft_n adultery_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o lacedaemonian_n of_o old_a when_o by_o a_o certain_a law_n they_o permit_v their_o boy_n private_o to_o take_v away_o other_o people_n good_n they_o than_o command_v those_o good_n not_o to_o be_v the_o owner_n but_o they_o who_o thus_o steal_v they_o and_o therefore_o such_o a_o private_a take_n be_v no_o theft_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o promiscuous_a copulation_n of_o sex_n among_o the_o heathen_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n be_v lawful_a marriage_n §_o 2._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h_n have_v write_v more_o rude_o and_o wicked_o and_o wherein_o he_o more_o contradict_v himself_o than_o in_o this_o assertion_n concern_v the_o mutability_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o to_o outward_a action_n since_o he_o himself_o tell_v we_o immediate_o after_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a and_o eternal_a and_o that_o injustice_n ingratitude_n arrogance_n pride_n iniquity_n acception_n of_o person_n and_o the_o like_a can_v never_o be_v make_v lawful_a for_o it_o can_v never_o be_v that_o war_n shall_v preserve_v life_n and_o peace_n destroy_v it_o but_o how_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n can_v be_v immutable_a and_o yet_o alterable_a as_o to_o outward_a action_n at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n i_o can_v comprehend_v but_o since_o we_o have_v already_o destroy_v those_o two_o main_a principle_n introductive_a to_o this_o viz._n that_o no_o action_n be_v good_a or_o evil_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n till_o either_o the_o reveal_v law_n of_o god_n or_o that_o of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n have_v make_v it_o so_o and_o also_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o law_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n let_v we_o now_o examine_v the_o only_a reason_n he_o here_o give_v we_o for_o this_o assertion_n which_o be_v this_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o prohibit_v the_o violation_n of_o compact_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v since_o our_o obedience_n to_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o compact_n that_o man_n make_v at_o the_o institution_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n grant_v all_o which_o to_o be_v true_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o absolute_o or_o in_o all_o thing_n that_o this_o obedience_n be_v promise_v but_o only_o in_o such_o as_o regard_v the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o tend_v to_o the_o common_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n for_o if_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n shall_v make_v a_o law_n that_o every_o one_o may_v knock_v his_o father_n in_o the_o head_n when_o he_o come_v to_o such_o a_o age_n and_o marry_v his_o mother_n or_o rob_v any_o other_o man_n though_o his_o dear_a friend_n of_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n all_o these_o wicked_a action_n will_v become_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v nay_o every_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v they_o if_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v all_o civil_a law_n to_o be_v observe_v without_o distinction_n but_o he_o here_o tell_v we_o that_o no_o civil_a law_n can_v be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o be_v not_o make_v in_o direct_a reproach_n to_o god_n and_o upon_o this_o principle_n no_o law_n can_v be_v so_o but_o what_o direct_o deny_v his_o existence_n since_o in_o his_o leviathan_n ch._n he_o make_v even_o idolatry_n lawful_a if_o it_o be_v once_o command_v by_o his_o infallible_a leviathan_n the_o supreme_a power_n but_o if_o mr._n h._n have_v but_o read_v and_o consider_v any_o ordinary_a system_fw-la of_o ethic_n he_o will_v have_v find_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o principle_n in_o that_o science_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n like_o the_o moral_a virtue_n be_v so_o near_o link_v and_o have_v such_o a_o inseparable_a dependence_n upon_o each_o other_o that_o the_o first_o and_o prio_fw-la law_n of_o nature_n can_v never_o be_v contradict_v by_o the_o latter_a or_o secondary_a and_o therefore_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o compact_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o obedience_n to_o the_o command_v of_o the_o civil_a sovereign_n be_v one_o of_o those_o compact_n which_o man_n make_v when_o they_o institute_v and_o enter_v into_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o civil_a state_n yet_o be_v those_o promise_n of_o obedience_n only_o make_v concern_v such_o thing_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n have_v command_v or_o permit_v to_o be_v do_v in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o grant_v therefore_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o every_o commonwealth_n as_o they_o may_v appoint_v what_o outward_a reward_n or_o punishment_n they_o please_v for_o the_o observation_n or_o transgression_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o also_o in_o order_n to_o this_o end_n may_v ordain_v what_o outward_a act_n shall_v be_v call_v murder_n adultery_n theft_n etc._n etc._n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o alter_v the_o nature_n of_o all_o moral_a action_n and_o so_o make_v a_o new_a law_n of_o nature_n though_o i_o own_o they_o may_v enlarge_v or_o restrain_v their_o exercise_n in_o some_o particular_a action_n or_o instance_n but_o since_o this_o be_v best_a clear_v by_o example_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o some_o of_o each_o sort_n first_o therefore_o though_o our_o law_n give_v leave_v to_o man_n to_o converse_v alone_o with_o marry_a woman_n without_o any_o crime_n yet_o in_o divers_a country_n it_o be_v not_o so_o but_o whoever_o be_v find_v alone_o in_o the_o company_n of_o another_o man_n wife_n without_o his_o leave_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o husband_n to_o kill_v they_o both_o because_o such_o private_a congress_n be_v esteem_v as_o bad_a as_o downright_a adultery_n the_o punishment_n of_o it_o be_v leave_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o husband_n but_o do_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o supreme_a power_n may_v make_v a_o law_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o a_o husband_n to_o kill_v every_o man_n that_o shall_v but_o happen_v to_o look_v upon_o his_o wife_n because_o he_o may_v at_o the_o same_o time_n commit_v adultery_n with_o she_o in_o his_o heart_n so_o likewise_o by_o our_o law_n the_o husband_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v the_o father_n of_o all_o child_n which_o his_o wife_n shall_v bring_v forth_o if_o he_o be_v within_o the_o english_a dominion_n at_o the_o time_n when_o the_o child_n be_v beget_v though_o he_o be_v at_o that_o same_o time_n a_o hundred_o mile_n off_o and_o though_o the_o mother_n shall_v assure_v the_o child_n that_o not_o her_o husband_n but_o another_o man_n be_v real_o his_o father_n yet_o be_v not_o such_o a_o child_n oblige_v to_o believe_v she_o or_o to_o pay_v any_o duty_n or_o respect_n to_o that_o person_n though_o he_o be_v real_o his_o father_n but_o will_v it_o therefore_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n and_o parliament_n may_v make_v a_o law_n that_o no_o child_n whatsoever_o shall_v honour_n and_o obey_v his_o parent_n but_o to_o come_v to_o the_o author_n last_o instance_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_a boy_n i_o will_v not_o deny_v but_o it_o may_v be_v lawful_a for_o the_o spartan_n as_o the_o egyptian_n likewise_o do_v to_o make_v a_o law_n that_o private_a theft_n commit_v without_o discovery_n or_o violence_n to_o man_n person_n shall_v not_o only_o alter_v the_o property_n in_o the_o thing_n steal_v but_o also_o pass_v