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end_n	law_n	people_n	safety_n	1,280	5	9.1725	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A45667	Remarks on the affairs and trade of England and Ireland wherein is set down 1. the antient charge of Ireland, and all the forces sent thither from 1170 until the compleat conquest thereof in 1602 ..., 2. the peculiar advantages which accrue to England by Ireland ..., 3. the state of trade, revenue, rents, manufactures, &c. of Ireland, with the causes of its poverty ..., 4. the only sure expedients for their advancement, with the necessity and utility of the repeal (as well as suspension) of the laws against dissenters, and the test, 5. how the reduction and settlement of Ireland may be improved to the advantage of England ... / by a hearty well-wisher to the Protestant religion, and the prosperity of these kingdoms.	Harris, Walter, Sir.	1691 (1691)	Wing H886; ESTC R13627	68,949	83

not wholly to extirpate yet at pleasure to annoy and ruin the Estates of the Protestants I wish Their Majesties Councils may be more happy It is indeed high time to grow wise dear bought Experience instructeth the weak much more the Wise Two very chargeable Rebellions having hapned within the memory of many yet living will if any thing instruct us what measures ought to be taken for preventing Rebellions for the future for it is not reasonable that every thirty or forty years England should be at the Charge of Reducing Ireland nor that the Protestants there should be exposed to the Mercy or Barbarity of those who think they Merit Heaven by cutting their Throats I am as much against Cruelty and Severity as any Man but to what end doth God give us Victory over his and our Enemies if we have not common wisdom to improve it for security from future danger by them As the safety of the People is the highest Law so is it a great Encouragement to Industry For who will lay out his care and pains for obtaining that which he hath no prospect of enjoying Until the Lives and Estates of the Protestants of Ireland be put into some good way of future security we can rationally expect neither advantage by them nor assistance from them The People of Ireland have been accurately computed to be about twelve hundred thousand Souls of which the Papists are one Million and the Protestants but two hundred thousand Women and Children included so that there being five Papists to one Protestant in that Kingdom the Protestants must therefore have many advantages put into their hands and the Papists be laid under several incapacities or else the Protestants can never be secured as 130 years sad experience hath verified And it must be considered that now the Irish are fallen in with the French Interest and lye under the influence of so Potent and Restless a Monarch they will for this Age be more dangerous and apt to Rebel than ever Therefore we ought to have as the more jealous Eye so also the stricter hand over them For which end their Landed Men having by their present Rebellion forfeited their Estates The whole forfeiture ought to be taken as well for reimbursing part of the Charges of their Reduction as the better to incapacitate them for new Rebellions This though it lessen not their number in general yet it will in great measure the Interest and Influence of this Party on the People They are seized of above 2800000 Acres of profitable Land whereof if 200000 Acres belong to Minors and Innocents there will remain 300000 Acres which may be lest to His Majesty to gratifie such Officers as have Merited in that Service 200000 Acres may be applyed to the Reprisal of the poor Protestant Farmers who have been plundered and ruined by both sides And 2100000 Acres to be sold to Adventurers at an encouraging price at six or seven years purchase near two Millions may be raised to reimburse the charge of the Reduction of that Kingdom to the ease of England and expediting of Their Majesties Affairs Some pretended Well-wishers to Their Majesties Interests but real Engines for K. J. and the French K. are at this time endeavouring to hinder the Attainder of the Rebels and the Selling of their Estates under pretence that the value of them is inconsiderable the Right of Innocents Minors Protestant Mortgagees and Creditors being preserved whereas in truth it is otherways For 1. As to Innocents that is such as have all the time of this Rebellion been in England they are very few upon inquiry I do not hear of three and those of no considerable Estates neither as for those who have continued in France that being an Enemies Countrey it seems but reasonable that they should be accounted Rebels and Agents for the rest 2. As to Minors they are few also I mean those under Age whose Parents were dead before the commencement of the present Rebellion As for the Children of those in Rebellion their Parents have ruined many thousands of Protestant Minors and Children in their Fortunes and if any Consideration ought to be had of them it seems Equitable that rather the Children of Rebels than of Loyal Subjects should be made the Sufferers 3. As to Mortgages and Incumbrances on the Papists Estates where they are between Papist and Papist it seems but Just that the Forfeiture should be taken for the Rebellion is general As for those between the Papists and Protestants they are not the sixtieth part of what is pretended though possibly many Mortgages and Incumbrances are now in forging c. but a course may easily be taken for their detection if it be not already thought on but allowing all that can reasonably be taken off upon the foregoing pretences there may demonstrably 1500000 l. be raised by those Forfeitures if they be rightly managed and their Majesties Revenue be augmented by the Quit-rent that may be reserved on those Forfeitures The Irish Lawyers for whom the People have great veneration have in all times by mischievous Constructions of the Laws disposed the Irish to Rebellions whilst they remain amongst them they will hinder the Settlement of that Kingdom therefore they ought also to be expelled It is likewise necessary that the Souldiers that have taken Arms for King James should also be transported to the Plantations or to Hungary or be Banished For they have lived so long by Rapine and Plunder that they can never be reduced to live regularly if they be permitted to continue in that Kingdom they will always disturb the tranquillity thereof If His Majesty would keep that Kingdom from Rebellion it is necessary that their Priests Fryars and Clergy of every sort be banished from amongst them They have been the chief Incendiaries to Rebellion in all Ages The Author of the Politicks of France suggests to that King the facility of distracting England at pleasure by setting the Popish Clergy upon fomenting Rebellions in Ireland And we must remember that that Prince seldom neglects any means so obviously serviceable to him And whatsoever may be suggested to His Majesty concerning the Innocency of the Secular Clergy yet it must be allowed that they are only less mischievous than the Regular because of less skill to do evil For according to their ability they have always disquieted that Kingdom They have the Conduct of the Consciences of that poor blind bigotted People and are under Oath blindly to obey not only the Pope but their Diocesans Had they no disposition to move Rebellions of themselves yet if they be commanded thereto as undoubtedly they will be they must and will readily obey For the Irish as all other ignorant People are Priest-ridden and their Priests make them believe that they shall be damned if they do not lay hold on every occasion to destroy the Hereticks and that they shall certainly merit Heaven if they do In Queen Elizabeth's time those that had not the

Laws made in England wherein Ireland is named bind Ireland c. Ireland is by these and several other ways in a manner Incorporated and become one Body with England In those Acts they note two things the ends of them and the reasons of them The ends of them are to keep the Plantations in a firm Dependance on England to appropriate the Trade to and from them to England And that England may be a staple for the Plantation Commodities They say all these Ends save in one little particular of small moment to England but of great Importance to Ireland are infallibly secured to England without these Acts of Restraint c. As to the first they say That the Merchants of Ireland are generally English or of English Extraction and having many Plantations in these Islands are part Proprietors that it cannot be imagined that their Trade and yearly sending many of his Majesties Subjects thither can weaken but rather firm their Dependance on England which confessedly in those Acts cannot be supplyed from or not without great Prejudice to England And which else must be supplyed with more Negroes to the Hazard if not Ruin and loss of those Plantations As to another End which is That England may supply those Plantations with all Asian African and European Commodities They say that Ireland hath not been accustomed to send any of these except those of the Growth or Manufacture of Ireland to the Plantations nor can they send any other if they had full Liberty For by the Act of Customs in Ireland all Wines Tobacco wrought Silks all Haberdashery Wares and all sorts of Grocery Wares imported into Ireland pay a great Custom and draw back no part of that Duty on Exportation The Law there denying the Merchant that Priviledge By which Clause England is secured that the Merchants of Ireland cannot supply the Plantations with any Wines Silks Haberdashery or Grocery And by another Clause in that Act the Merchants of Ireland are rendred uncapable to supply the Plantations or any other part of the World with any Commodities whatsoever which is once Imported into that Kingdom The Clause is this That all Forreign Commodities except Wines and Tobacco and those of the English Plantations imported into Ireland by a Denizon from any the Parts or Places beyond the Seas other than England or Wales shall for ever pay one third more in Subsidy over and above the Subsidy payable for the same according to the Book of Rates and every Stranger double c. It is to be noted That most Commodities but what Ireland constantly derives or are supplyed with from England are valued in the Irish book of Rates at a higher value than the same Commodities are valued in the book of Rates in England So that according to the intrinsick value of the Commodities all Forreign Goods pay almost 10 per Cent. Custom on Importation into Ireland except what they have from England Therefore say they he that reads the Acts for Customs and Excise in Ireland will imagine that the Parliament of Ireland was in the Conspiracy to ruin the Trade of that Kingdom For though it is known that these and other severe Clauses in those Acts were added in England when the Bills were sent into England for Approbation yet they were allowed and passed into Acts by the Parliament of Ireland So that upon the whole they conceive it clear as the light at Noon-day That England can furnish the Plantations and all the World with Asian African and European Commodities 6 if not 8 per Cent. cheaper than 't is possible for the Merchants of Ireland to do it which is a full security of that Trade to England As to the third End of those Acts in England that barr their Trade to the Plantations which is That England may be a Staple to all the World for the Plantation Commodities The Merchants of Ireland say this also is infallibly assured to England though Liberty should be allowed them to trade to the Plantations As to all the World Ireland only excepted Not only for some of the reasons given under the former head which take Place likewise here but also because although Plantation Commodities since the additional Duties were added pay a higher duty on Importation into England than they pay on Importation into Ireland Yet on Exportation out of Ireland they leave much more of the Duty behind than they do on Exportation from England To instance only in two of them Ginger on Importation into Ireland pays 12 d. per hundred weight Custom and on Exportation draws back no part of that duty Ginger exported out of England leaves behind Tobacco which is the most considerable of all the Plantation Commodities Imported into Ireland and again exported thence leaves in the Kings hands one penny per pound behind but exported out of Engand it leaves but a half penny behind which is the eighth or tenth part of the value of that Commodity So that England will certainly remain a Staple for these Commodities to all the World except Ireland notwithstanding full Liberty of Trade to the Plantations should be allowed the Merchants of Ireland For that the English Merchants can sell Tobacco 10 or 12 per Cent. at least and Ginger 〈…〉 per Cent. cheaper than the Merchants of Ireland and so likewise all other Plantation Commodities The second thing they note in those Acts that prohibite the Merchants of Ireland to trade to the Plantations but through England c. is the reason of them which forms the Equity of them viz. That the Plantations are Peopled with his Majesties Subjects of England and that England hath and doth daily suffer great Prejudice by transporting great numbers to those Plantations for the Peopling of them To this the Merchants of Ireland say That in Fact it is most certain that a full Moiety or near it of all the working Whites and many of the Proprietors in all the Caribbe Islands and at least three fourths of the Whites on Montserat are of the People of Ireland And that if those Plantations had not for many years been supplyed with People cherished and furnished with Victuals at low Rates from Ireland they had perished or not come to what they are For had they been necessitated to have paid English Rates for Food they could not have subsisted So that say they If Ireland hath not only in a great measure sustained them but also are part Proprietors and have in a great measure Peopled them and are daily sending People thither where they are needed then Ireland is within the Reason of those Acts and as they conceive ought not to be debarred Commerce with them at least for their own Products and Manufacture which is all that they desire Liberty for They say it seems to be a great Severity being they are of the People of England that they should be treated as Forreigners And were the Tables turned and their Brethren of England in Ireland the Legislators would

expectations from him it is as much the Interest of the Confederates that they be rooted out or banished as was the taking of Mentz or Bonne That those Princes are very sensible that these are they which have diverted His Majesties Arms from their Assistance the two last Campaigns and that they will do so for the future if their Power be not broken That there cannot therefore be the least danger of disobliging them by the Banishment or Extirpation of the afore-mentioned Parties especially being it is of service to them upon Reasons of State and is done for the quiet and security of His Majesties Protestant Subjects c. and because they are Rebels Incendiaries and of Party with France and not because they are Papists In a word Lenity to the Irish who have been in Arms is down-right Cruelty to the Protestants of Ireland and their Posterity 2. As Restraints on the Papists are necessary to the quiet of Ireland and the other ends proposed so is Freedom and Immunities in Corporations to all Protestants that shall go to inhabit there with Liberty of Conscience to Protestants of all Perswasions that are there or that shall go thither to abide There being five Papists for every Protestant in that Kingdom it is the Interest of the latter in point of Security to add to their number as much as may be If to the Cheapness of Land there be added Civil and Religious Liberties they will together probably allure Forreign Protestants to transplant thither The Protestants until about 1670. kept the Papists out of Corporations by tendering them the Oath of Supremacy when they claimed admittance but there being a Clause in the Act of Settlement or Explanation which impowered the Chief Governour and Council in Ireland to make Laws or Rules for Regulation of Corporations and that the Rules so made should be of the same force as if they had been enacted by Parliament c. under colour thereof some well-wishers to Popery and Arbitrary Government framed certain Rules and Orders which Charles II. caused the Lord Lieutenant and Council to pass into an Act of Council and to enjoyn them on all the Corporations of that Kingdom c. one of which Rules requires all Officers of Corporations to take the short Corporation Oath lately used in England which seemed to have been calculated for setting up Arbitrary Government for Imposing of which in Ireland there was not until then any colour of Law thereby all Protestants who were not willing to for-swear that Self-defence which the Law of Nature and those of the Land allows them were turned out of Office nor was that all but by another Clause in those Rules the Chief Governour is impowered from time to time to dispense with such as were not willing to take the Oath of Supremacy Hereupon whole shouls of Papists were admitted into the Corporations and Fraternities of that Kingdom and qualified for Offices and Chusing Members of Parliament It will therefore be needful that the Corporations of that Kingdom be restored to the condition they were in in 1668. and that those Rules be vacuated or declared to be void as those who think that the Legislative Power cannot be transferred conceive them to be I am told that to hinder many Protestants from returning for discouraging Forreigners and others from going to inhabit the better to divide those already in Ireland and to prevent the Improvement of it there are some of K. J. his Creatures who might be named and who pretend to be of another figure and to be well known in the Affairs of that Kingdom that are now using their utmost endeavours to have the Sacramental Test imposed on the People of that Kingdom under pretence that it will keep the Papists out of Office c. though that be no part of their design but to incumber His Majesties Affairs hinder the Sale of the Rebels Estates or render them of little value To alienate if possible the Hearts of that people from Their Majesties by causing His Majesty contrary to the import of his Declaration to put them into a worse condition than they were in under a Popish King These Men well know that the Security and Improvement of that Kingdom and of Their Majesties Revenue there depends on its being peopled with Protestants and that full Liberty and Incouragements to Protestants of all Perswasions is the most effectual means to those Ends And that the planting thereof being hindred the Papists will be kept in a capacity at pleasure to favour K. J. and the pretended P. of Wales 's Title to countenance a French Invasion c. They know if it be not planted with Protestants the Revenue will never defray the necessary charge of that Kingdom but that it will be a continual and insupportable charge and drain to England and require greater Forces to be kept up there and thereby obstruct at least in great measure the prosecution of the War against France which is their chief aim The promoters of these designs are well aware that the imposition of that Test would send many Protestants out of that Kingdom and that where it would bar one Papist from Office it would hinder a hundred Protestants from going thither They know the injoining of the Oath of Supremacy or an express Order or Law for their Exclusion would more effectually bar Papists than the Sacramental Test for that many Papists have been dispensed with by their Priests for Receiving the Sacrament in the manner required and therefore it would never answer the end for which they pretend it though it would the others for which they intend it But that imposition which hath proved so inconvenient to England will if laid on Ireland be pernicious to the Protestants there be a Bone of Division amongst them and seem but an ill requital for their Sufferings and firm adherence to the true Interest of England There was about 1664. one or two French Ministers who having some Benefices conferred on them and Stipends allowed by the Government translated the Common-prayer Book into French and procured a Chappel for the use of such French as would join with them in that Service About sixteen or eighteen years after many of the persecuted French Protestants with some of their Ministers fled to Dublin and set up the beginnings of several useful Manufactures and being averse to join in that Service a certain Charitable Peer lent them his House to Worship in where they served God according to the manner of the French Churches Whereupon their Minister was Seized and Imprisoned c. until for obtaining his Liberty he consented to quit or abjure that Kingdom Surely the usage was as Unchristian as Impolitick towards those poor distressed Refugees who had fled thither in expectation of that liberty which was publickly allowed the Papists and which was deny'd them in their own Countrey And it was Impolitick for thereupon they abandoned the place and that Kingdom lost those profitable Trades which those Men

both hinders their being Manufactured and advances the price of them when Manufactured that they cannot be afforded so Cheap at Forreign Markets as the like Manufactures raised where interest of Mony is low If here it be Objected that the Cheapness of Wool as to the Woollen Manufacture will countervail the disadvantage of high interest It 's answered that it will not for 12 Pound of Wool which costs but two Shillings dearer in England than there will make a piece of Serge that may stand some in 3 l. some in 4 l. or two pieces of Stuff that may together stand in as much the price of the Wool being so small a part of the Disburse will not countervail the high interest on the rest But besides this there being but little Manufacture there and not full work for Tuckers Dyers Dressers Calenders Hot-Pressers c. there as there is here the rate of these there is double to what it is here and so is their Oyl Dying Stuffs and Forreign Materials most of which they carry from England for which at a high value they pay 10 per cent for Customs and Excise on their Importation It is the least skilful of our Workmen that go thither and even the skilful there meet with a great inaptitude in the People to Manufacture tho' they ought to be content with them for their own use yet they cannot perfect them so as to be able to Sell them as to any Tolerable price in the same Market with ours A pregnant Instance whereof we had a few Years since Some of our Merchants thought to make considerable advantage by Buying Bayes like those of Colchester in Ireland and gave Commission for large quantities which were bought up whereupon there was a great spurt of Trade for that Commodity for a little time But notwithstanding Colchester Bayes is the easiest part of the Woollen Manufacture to be made imitated and perfected yet when those made in Ireland came to be compared with the true Colchester Bayes in Spain they differed so much for the worse that on a sudden the Irish Weavers lost their Trade and some of them were Ruined by those that were left on their hands not being able to find a Market for them Here you also see one reason why they Export most part of their Commodities Raw and Unmanufactured 6. A sixth Cause of Irelands Poverty is the Cheapness of Lands in that Kingdom and easiness to subsist with the difficulties that attend Trade there which makes their Merchants turn Purchasers as soon as they have gotten as much as will maintain their Families whereby the stock in Trade there is small For it 's observed that tho' many there gain a Livelihood by Trade yet very few of the Merchants of that Kingdom have acquired considerable or competent Estates for the reasons before mentioned and because of the many Cloggs that lie on this Trade which will herein after be observed 7. Add to these their improvidence the prodigality and excess of the English there in the Consumption of Forreign wares mostly superfluities which they might well be without As fine Cloath Stuffs Silks-Laces Haberdashery and the rest that I have before enumerated which they derive wholly from England As also some that they have from other Countries Above 3000 Tuns of Wine and Brandy have been Imported and Consumed in that Kingdom in one Year Some Vices and some Vertues seem to adhere to the Soil of most Countries however the Inhabitants are changed Thus Luxury and Hospitality to most plentiful Countries and so to Ireland especially in Housekeeping wherein they exceed us as far as we do the Frugal Dutch and so are no Savers by the great Plenty of the Country 8. The uninteressed and frequent change of the chief Governors who are mostly sent them from England who transmit all that they get above their necessary Expence into England 9. The frequency of Rebellions in that Kingdom which discourages and destroys all Improvements occasioned by the folly and negligence of England and the influence the Papists have always had on our Councils so that on their reduction they have constantly found such Favour as to be left in Condition to renew their Rebellions at Pleasure 10. Cause of Irelands Poverty is the Clogs and Restraints on their Trade partly by England partly by their own Parliament who by a perpetual Law have incapacitated the growth or increase of their Trade especially so as that it cannot interfere with the Trade of England The Truth is both Parliaments have been imposed on partly by some Commissioners of the Customs here who to fix themselves the better in their Seats and at once to ingratiate themselves at Court and with the English Merchants that deal to the Plantations pretended they could greatly encrease that branch of the Revenue by imposing hard things on Ireland Partly by two sets of Men who designed the farming of the Customs and Excise in both Kingdoms and actually did Farm part of them here These by their Creatures in that Parliament wherein were some Pensionaries under pretence of advancing Trade and the Rents of Lands in England c. gained several Acts to be passed very disadvantagious to Ireland and the Plantations and of little or no advantage to England Particularly those that bar the People of Ireland from carrying any Asian African or European Commodities to any of the Plantations but Provision Servants and Horses except they be brought into entred and pay Custom in England and be bound to return hither with the proceed likewise As the Plantations heavily complain of these Acts so do the People of Ireland I have seen certain Reasons drawn up in Ireland against those Acts too many and too long to be here inserted Yet being they fall in with the present Subject I will mention some of them viz. That as Ireland is the Antientest and noblest so is it the most beneficial Acquisition of England Not only by taking off annually great Proportions of the natural and artificial Commodities thereof But also of Asian and African Commodities two thirds of the Importations of Ireland being from England by employing considerable numbers of English Ships by the yearly Rents of the Estates of such as live in England and of Absentees transmitted hither by the Charge of Students at the Universities and Inns of Court Income of the Post-Office Summs carried away by chief Governours the surplussage of the Revenue c. much of all which is carried into England in Cash That the Commodities exported from Ireland to England are all necessary or useful to England But that the Commodities imported thither from England are superfluous and such as Ireland may or must be without to the prejudice of England except there be a relaxation of the present Severities put on that Kingdom That Ireland being planted with English or those of English Extraction under the same Sovereign under almost all the same Laws with England in some respect under the same Legislative Power for