thereof the settling a Staple building of Store-houses the viewing the ground on shore for landing and drying of Nets making and drying of Fish and the building of Block-houses for the security of Trade The manner of the Hollanders fishing for Herring with Busses and other Vessels for Ling and Cod according to the Journal kept thereof is as followeth We set sail from Gravesend the 27th of April 1633 and having Letters from the Earl of Pembroke to Mr. William Dicks of Edinbourg in Scotland we directed our course towards Scotland but by reason of soul weather weâ—e forced into Harwich and set sail from thence the 30 th Ditto the wind not favouring us we came to an Anchor in Yarmouth Road and there going on shore were informed that the Hollanders Busses did drive at Sea for Herrings on that Coast and that from the Holms before Yarmouth to Bookness in Scotland North North-East is 96 Leagues and from Bookness to the South end of Shotland North and by East about 53 Leagues The fifth of May we set sail from Yarmouth and by stress of wind were forced into Scarbrouh and there going on shore were informed of the Hollanders Busses fishing on that Coast and that from Searbrough Northwards towards Catness in 45 Fathom or thereabouts in that fair way is usually the first Summer Herrings caught From Scarbrough we set sail and came to an Anchor before Leith in Scotland the 13 th Ditto where going on shore and from thence to Edinburg delivered my Letters to Mr. William Dicks who was at that time Governor of the Island of Shotland and did receive the Revenue of those Islands Having received my Instructions and Letters from Mr. William Dicks directed to Mr. James Scot who lived at that time in the North parts of the Islands of Shotland and was Agent or Deputy to the said William Dicks We set sail from Leith and came to an Anchor at Casten in the Islands of Orkney the 22 Ditto And because these Islands are very considerable as to the Fishing Trade I cannot pass them by without a brief description thereof which is as followeth The Islands of Orkney are 31 and lye from the North and North-East Point of Scotland the first and Southermost Island is called Elhey but the greatest and chiefest Island of Orkney is called Maland which lieth Southermost from the Point of Catness on the North side of this great Island are the Havens where the Ships come to that Trade in those parts and to the Island called Lewis and the Islands therebouts The Lewis Islands are the Islands on the West of Scotland and those Seas being also very considerable as to the Fishing-Trade I make bold to give account thereof as followeth These Islands lying Westward from Scotland and to the Northward of Ireland are in number 34. There are four great Islands that lie near the main Land but the greatest and chiefest Island is called Lewis which lyeth Northward from the foresaid Islands but the Northermost of all the Islands which lyeth towards the Orkanes about sixteen Leagues from Lewis is called Rona betwixt Rona and Orkney lye some small Islands The Island Lewis lyeth from Shotland south-South-West or more Westerly about 58 Leagues and from the South end of Lewis to the north-North-West of Ireland is 27 Leagues In and between these Islands are many very good Sounds and Havens for Ships Lewis with the Islands belonging to it ly South and by-By-West and South South-West about 29 Leagues I shall farther add to my boldness and give you an account of the Islands of Fero. These Islands lye Northward from the Lewis Islands about 54 Leagues and from Shotland Westerly about 58 Leagues and are in number 22. The Sounds and Havens are many The Southermost great Island is called Sugdro on the North side of this Island are several good Sounds and Havens but the best and chiefest of all the Havens and where all the Trade and Merchandise is is called Tor-Haven which lyeth on the great Island Strone But these Islands being out of my Road I shall return to my former Discourse on the Coast of Orkney and Shotland The South part of Shotland lyeth about 20 Leagues Northward from the Island called Maland but between the Islands of Orkney and Shotland lye two Islands the one called Fair-hill and the other called Fulo these two Islands lye about 10 Leagues one from the other Fulo lyeth North-North-East from Fair-hill The Island Fair-hill lyeth from the North-East point of Orkney about 9 Leagues and the Southermost point of Shotland lyeth from Fair-hill North and By-East about 8 Leagues and from Fulo East and By-South about four Leagues Being informed of the manner of the Hollanders fishing for Herring Ling and Cod with Busses and Dogger-boats in those Seas and the Inhabitants of the Islands manner and way of Fishing we set sail from Casten and came to an Anchor by Sunbroug-head being the South part of Shotland the third of June and going ashore spake with the Good-man of Quandale one of the chief of those parts the said Gentleman with other of the Inhabitants did inform me of their manner of Trading with the Hamburgers and others and of the Hollanders fishing for Herring on that Coast also of their Dogger-boats that fish only for Ling and Cod. After I had received information from the Inhabitants of the several Islands and the manner of Fishing and Trading there we set sail from thence and came to an Anchor in Bracey-Sound otherwise called Broad-Sound a very gallant Harbour where many Ships may lye Land-lockt for all Winds Having informed my self by the Inhabitants of those parts of the manner of their Trading and Fishing and the Hollanders fishing for Herrings driving on that Coast we set sail from thence and came to an Anchor in Evey-Sound the Northermost Sound in Shotland on the 12 Ditto and there going on shore I continued about 11 or 12 Months and in that time travelling the greatest part of the Island by Sea and Land did thereby better inform my self concerning the manner of Trading and Fishing by the Inhabitants and the Hollanders at Sea The Land of Shotland lyeth North and By-East and South or South and West about 60 Miles But there are many Islands belonging to Shotland which I shall have occasion to mention hereafter That which is most considerable are the Sounds and Harbours On the West-side of the Southward Point of Shotland there is a good Harbour and Sound called St. Magnus and on the East-side near Sunbrough-head is a fair Sand-Bay where there is good Anchoring in ten or twelve Fathom to the Northward of this last Sound there is another Sound called Hambrough-Haven which is a lade-place for the Hamburgers and Scots About 9 or 10 Leagues from the Southward point of Shotland there is a Chanel that runneth through the Land the South-part of the Land divided by the Channel is called Swanberg the other part so divided or the North-part is called Laxford within
set down how to plant 200 Acres of Land at well for Pleasure as Profit wherein there shall be pleasant Walks with Timber-trees and Groves of Vnder-woods and several Orchards and Gardens with Fruit Flowers and Herbs both for Food and Physick variety of Fowl Bees Silk-worms Bucks Does Hares and other Creatures of several kinds And a short account of the Charges and Profit of keeping a thousand Doe-Conies in Hutches the profit amounting to 450 pounds per annum Also Fish-ponds and Streams of water stored with many kinds of Fish and stocked with Decoy-Ducks And the Vse and Vertues of all the Plants growing in this Garden of Pleasure THe Figure of this Garden or profitable and delightfull Place is a Quadrat the 4 Angles or square sides lying South-east North-west South-west and North-east the length of one side or Angle containing 178 Perch 15 foot 11 inches The whole Plot is to be inclosed with a Ditch and Quick hedge of White-thorn as hath been directed to fence in the great Wood In the middle of this Garden containing 200 Acres Woodland Measure that is 18 foot to the Perch in length shall be erected a convenient Dwelling-house and other usefull Buildings for Corn and Cattel the Front of the said House to stand South-east and the Scite thereof to be inclosed for Yards Gardens and Orchards we allow to take up 20 Acres On the North-east side of this our Garden and 36 foot from the Fence or outmost bounds is to be planted to Row of Oaks extending to the ends of the said Angles or square Sides but observing to keep the same distance of 36 foot from the Fence of the other Angles or North-west and South-east Sides This first Row of Oak being set or planted allowing 21 foot of land between each Plant there is to be planted another or second Row of Oaks 36 foot distance from the first and keeping the distance of 21 foot between every Plant in the said Row This performed then 36 foot from the last Row of Oaks is to be planted 2 Rows of Chesnut Plants all of them keeping the same distance one from the other as the Oaks and 36 foot from the last Row of Chesnuts must be planted 2 Rows of Beech Plants also 36 foot from the last outmost Row of Beech may be planted 2 Rows of Walnut Plants the said Beech and Walnuts are to be planted at the same distance as was the Chesnuts 4 pearch or 72 foot from the last Row of Walnuts you may plant a Grove or Thicket of White Thorn the breadth to be one pearch and the length extending as far as the Walnuts From the Thorns the space of land between being 9 foot is to be planted a Coppice or Thicket of Ash and Withey Sets equally mixed the breadth of the said Plot of Ash and Withey Plants must be 4 pearch and the length 81 foot shorter at each end then the Thorn Thicket Half a pearch or 9 foot from the Ash Coppice shall be planted 4 pearch of Land in breadth with Hazel-nut Sets and the length to be the same as that of the Ash. Leaving 1 pearch or 18 foot space of ground from the Hazel Coppice there must be planted the breadth of 4 pearch in breadth with Rasberry Blackberry Barberry Goosberry and Currant Bushes All these are to be planted equally in several Beds and the edges of the said Beds planted with Strawberries The whole Plot being planted and equally mixed with all the several sorts and colours of Berries with convenient Walks between each Bed and containing the same length with the Nut-wood One pearch distant from the said Plot of Berries is to be planted the same length and breadth of land with Philberd Nut Sets Keeping the distance of 9 foot from the last Plot planted the next to be planted are Withey and Ash Sets the length and breadth of the said Plot to be the same as was last planted with Philberds Now as an Architect will lay a good foundation before he build we have advised first to plant and as the first Plot planted of this our Grove was a Thorn Thicket so likewise must the last or that opposite to the first and also both ends of this entire Inclosure observing to keep the distances with length and breadth of this last Thicket as that first planted and also the Thorns planted at the two ends of the Grove must be of the same breadth and joyn to the ends of the first and last Thorns planted About the middle of the last or south-South-west side of the Grove and opposite to the Dwelling-house must be left unplanted a space of Land or Ground on which to build or set up a fair Gate for entrance into the Wood or Grove aforesaid also there must be left unplanted 72 foot of Land in breadth beginning at the said Gate or middle of the Thorn Thicket and extending overthwart or cross dividing the Grove which will make a Pleasant Walk there being erected a Fountain in the middle of the said Walk whose streams dividing the Grove into 4 parts will be of great use for the refreshing all things as well Vegetatives and Sensitives as Rationals and at each end of the said Walk is to be planted a Mulberry-tree These Directions being observed and performed on the south-South-west side of the House is to be planted the same quantity of Land with all the several sorts of Plants aforementioned keeping the same distance of 36 foot from the Fence and likewise the same distance of Plants according to the manner and way of the first or North-east part of the Land planted These two Groves and Timber-trees in them are not planted only for Pleasant Walkes but Harbor and feeding places for wild Peacocks Turkies Pheasants Blackbirds Thrushes Felfares and all other useful Birds that live on such food as there grows The Land disposed of as to the scite of the House Groves and Woods planted for Timber-trees arises to 120 Acres and a half out of the remainder of Land which is 80 Acres on the North-east side of the Dwelling-House and flanking the North point of the Kitchin Garden and about the middle distance of Land between the said point and South-west side of the North-east Grove shall be inclosed a square Plot of Land containing 10 Acres with a Mote or Water-course 18 foot broad About the middle of the ground thus inclosed shall be built a Shed or low rooft House 4 square answering the Figure of the Land inclosed the walls or sides of the said Shed should be 7 foot high built with brick The length of every square side must be 80 foot and the breadth 10 foot between the walls within the House then the 4 square sides or whole House contains 320 foot round and the Plot of ground or Yard within the House allowing 18 inches for the thickness of the Wall will contain 54 foot square Within this House we shall place 240 Conie-Hutches or Boxes each of them containing 5 Rooms one
10 Acre Close of Cow-pasture to the Orchard or Cherry-garden Gate from this last Gate you shall be directed by 2 Rowes of Mulberry-trees vnto the Garden Gate On both sides joyning unto the said Gate is to be built a brick Wall 9 foot high which wall shall extend to the breadth of the Cherry Orchard and so reach to the Court-yard Wall and inclose the Garden The Cherry Orchard is 20 Perch square but not any of the trees to grow nearer then 18 yards of the Mulberry-trees that there may be full view of the Dwelling House The Apple-Orchard flanks the Cherry-Orchard and Flower-Garden on both sides and reaches to the Court-Yard Wall This ground is planted with the best sort of Fruit as Apples and Pears also Syder-Apples as Red-streaks and others and inclosed with a White-thorn Hedge Round the said Fence on the out-side runs a small Brook or Water-stream 9 foot broad which encompasses the whole scite of the House and is stored with Trouts Gudgeons and others the best sort of small Fish On the 4 Corners of the Orchard are raised 4 Mounts each of them 15 foot high and the way which goes to the top is round the Mount ascending the outside of the Walks is planted with several sorts of Plum-trees which shall be kept by pruning to grow not above 6 foot high The Ladies gathering of these Plums may ascend to the top of the Mounts with ease and pleasure whereby they shall be received into green Arbors planted with White-thorn which by often cutting or clipping growes so close and thick that neither wind sun nor aire will be offensive to them Round these Arbors in the inside are Oken Seats and Tables of Marble in the middle Entering the Garden of Flowers which Garden also is 20 Perch square you may behold on the North-east side a Vine-yard or Plot of ground answering the length of that side of the Garden planted with Vine Sets of the best sort of Grapes that will thrive there and that they may the better grow and ripen not only the earth is made by soil very rich but a Frame made of the heart of Oak Checker-work the length of the said Frame is 20 perch which is the length of the North-east side of the Garden but in breadth not above 9 foot This Frame is to stand on feet the lower side or the outmost legs to be not above 12 inches high from the ground and the other or highest side about 8 foot The outmost or shortest legs must stand 5 foot from the Wall and the innermost or longest about one foot The whole Frame must stand sloping and the upper side lean on the Wall Now the Vine Sets are planted all along against and before the lower part of the Frame and do spread and grow equally all over the Frame and not farther On the South-west side of the Garden and round the other Quarters excepting where the Vines are planted and about 2 foot distant from the Wall is comely to behold several Trees growing with the best sorts of Wall-fruit which by dressing or proyning are made to grow broad and bear the same figure as if they were fastned to the wall but to support them from being shaken by winds they have Frames made round the body and so reach to the boles or first armes of the Tree and about the body and armes are made great wisps of Hay and so that resting on the Frames on all sides they are kept from any harm by winds as we have said before in transplanting Trees for Timber These Fruit-trees will receive the heat and reflection of the sun from the wall to ripen the fruit better than if they were nailed thereunto also such Trees will live ten times the age and bear laâ—ger and better fruit than those planted close and fastned to the wall for such Trees as are faâ—tned to any wall are subject to many annoyances as bark-bound bark-bruised or peeled Cankers and many other evils and besides these Diseases there is but one side of the Tree hath the benefit of Air and Sun therefore they cannot long live or thrive On the North-east and South-west corners or sides of the Garden ranging even with the Dwelling-house you may behold in each Place a hansome built House one of them is the Master of the Gardens Study and the other a private Retiring-place for his Lady Opposite and not far from the 4 Corners of the Garden will appear 4 Oval Grass-Plots handsomely kept in the middle of each Plot a Wainscote Seat 6 foot in length covered over with 4 several kinds of Plants as Ever-green and Privet Holly Ivy and Cypress growing on the back side and by proyning brought into the form of an open Arbor and each Arbor covered over with one kind of Plants Now between these comely green Plots there will appear to your view 4 several Knots wherein grow all sorts of the best Flowers and because there are as many sorts or figures of Knots as Gardners have Inventions the Knots here made choice of although old figures yet such as are comely in this Garden and they are thus placed the Trefoul opposite to the Crossbow and the Oval Knot to the Fret In the middle of the Garden is to be seen a comely Maze well framed and planted with a Hedge of several sorts of the best kind of Berries the said Hedge is not allowed to grow above 5 foot high â— and in the middle of this Maze doth appear a Fountain built with Marble whose Chrystal streams are very serviceable in several Rooms of the House being conveyed in Pipes under ground On the top of this Fountain you may behold an artificial Sun-Dyall made so plain that the time or hour of day may be discerned by good eyes without entering into the Maze Round the Garden-wall and the Oval green Plots the square Flower-Knots before the Wall-fruit and round without the Maze you may walk in very comely large Walks made of fine sifted Gravel and Sand well mixed from thence we shall lead you through the Dwelling-house into a comely Court Yard and through that into a Common Yard being very large and spacious in which Yard is built several usefull Houses with Barn and Stable This Yard is so curiously paved with large pible stones and kept so clean and neat that neither straw stick nor loose stone shall be seen to lie therein We shall not detain you longer here but direct you into the Garden of Herbs and Roots not only for Food but Physick This Plot of land lyeth behind the great Yard and is in length from the Garden Gate to the farther end of the whole Plot 30 perch and in breadth 20 The Fence is of VVhite-thorn and the VVater running round as was said before In the middle of this great Plot which contains two Gardens is a handsome Bowling-green 60 yards square and at each corner of the said Green is a Seat made of Oak in the form of an open
distance is first to delve a Plot of land 4 foot square and let the 4 angle points or corners of the square lie North-east North-west South-east and South-west that the Plants which are to be parted in those Plots may have the benefit of the Sun all the day this performed then cast up a small trench or ditch a foot deep if there be so much good earth and 18 inches wide let all this earth be evenly laid on the Plot delved the Clods hackt or cut small and the grass and weeds gathered or weeded out this done set or plant one seed or plant about a foot from each point or corner of the square Plot and in the middle one then you will have 5 Seeds or Plants in this Quadrat Now at every 30 foot distance throughout the acre of Land delve or cast up such a Plot of ground so you will have 40 quadrats or square plots in the whole and leave a sufficient distance of land between the outmost Rows and the Fence The Seed or Sets planted in the whole ground are 200 which may all grow 3 or 4 years then leaving one of the best Plants of what kind of Timber-trees you please pull or craw up all the rest which you may either sell give away or plan in other grounds the remainder will be 40. By this way or manner of planting you may make as much benefit of the Acre of Land within a small matter as if there were not a Tree growing in it and these 40 Timber-trees being all Oaks within a hundred and fifty years may be worth 200 pounds which is a good improvement requiring no more charges than the first planting and not losing any benefit of the land And if this quadrat or square figure doth not like you there may be digged or delved so many Plots of ground as aforesaid round or circular and the ditch cast up as about the squares then plant or set the four Seeds or Plants equally about the Circle and one in the middle the four Seeds or Plants pointing to the four quarters of the Wind as hath been directed The reason of this way of planting is to increase the mould or earth for the Plants to put forth their shoots in also the being inclosed will preserve them from danger in time of Harvest you may set Beans in these plots of ground but not too near the Plants and if you sow seed of the Furrs-bush about the edges of the bank The Furres will keep the Plants warm in the Winter and preserve them from being hurt by Cattel and as the Plants or Trees increase the Furrs will decrease or after the Plants are grown up out of the reach of Cattel the Furrs may be cuâ— and so destroyed if the rightâ— season of the year be observed Now there is another way of planting not inferior to any of these formerly spoken of We shall consider of the Acre of Land in length and breadth to be 40 perch long and 4 perch broad the just content of an Acre at 16 foot and an half to the pole or perch The Plants to be provided for the planting this ground may be of all the sorts of Timber-trees formerly mentioned they should be about the size of the Thorn plants yet something greater but not bigger than an ordinary mans finger The Plants being provided you may begin to work thus on the North North-east or North-west side of this Acre of Land make a Ditch 3 foot wide and 18 inches deep the said Ditch to extend to the farther ends of the plot which is 40 Rod After the first Turf is laid with the swarth or grass side downwards the upper side pared chopped and made even and that the Plants are cut and trimmed lay them on as you were directed in planting the Thorne hedge only observing to leave the trunk or body of these plants one inch longer than those of the thorns Also the distance of ground between these plants must be 3 foot After the Plants are laid in an even rank or row with the slope or cut side downwards or sidewayes towards the South and the head of the Plants lying at least 7 or 8 inches higher than the roots then cast or throw up good store of the best earth on the roots afterwards all the earth which you cleanse out of the Ditch spreading it all over the Plants plain and even This bank is not to lye high as that of the Thorns but level as other grounds There is in this row or bank 220 Plants now allowing 4 foot of ground that the first Plants and earth cast up as aforesaid doth cover The second Ditch must be begun five foot distance from the head of the first bank which is 8 foot from the beginning of the first Ditch This second Ditch or Row of Plants will fall behind the first and must be made and planted every way as the first and after the second a third and so continue keeping the same distance till all the Plot be planted Then have you in the Acre of Ground 8 Rows and 1760 Plants The Trees that are thus planted will thrive and grow wonderfully between the Ditches and Banks you may delve and sow or set Beans Pease or any other grain or corn This Acre of ground may be improved by planting for Timber-trees and under-Woods for Hop-poles as you have been formerly directed So much may serve for the improvement of one single Acre which being too little a Plot to take up the whole industry of a Man or my designe I shall now take in a greater quantity of land and proceed to a thousand Acres which I at first intended The thousand Acres then doth contain by the Rod Pole or Pearch at 16 foot and a half to the Pole 160000 which is in yards 4840000 and doth amount unto in feet or by the foâ—t 43560000 Now according to every one of these three Numbers only considering the distance between the Fence and outmost row of Plants as before mentioned must the quantity of seed be provided because you shall not be put to the trouble in counting how many of these seeds a Bushel by measure may contain I shall give a particular account thereof which take as followeth The first number the distance being Perches will require 160000 acorns which amounts to by measure according to the former Rule in the one Acre given 25 Bushels The second number according to the distance of yards will require 4840000 acorns which comes to by measure 756 Bushels one Peck The third or last number being feet will require 43560000 acorns which will come to by measure 6806 Bushel one Peck As for the other seed which are Ashen keyes and Beechen Mast they may be also measured by the Bushel as the Acorns first counting how many of each will go or will be contained in one pint or gallon Having considered and computed what the charges both of seed and Plants will amount unto by knowing what quantity
be divided into 16 parts by 15 brass Rings such as are used about Curtains the said Rings to hang loose in that part of the wyer that joyns the links together this performed the distance between the Rings will be one fourth of a pearch which is of Land measure 4 foot 1â— inch but of Wood measure 4 foot 6 inches At each end of this Chain would be an iron wyer Ring 2 or 3 times the compass of the brass Rings With this Chain all seed or plants which are to be set at one pearch two pearch three pearch four pearch half a pearch and one fourth part of a pearch distance may be orderly and speedily set or planted and that you may readily distinguish between the parts of the Chain at the one fourth part of a pearch must be a single Ring at the half of the pearch 2 Rings at one pearch distance 3 Rings and at the middle of the Chain which is a Pearch 4 Rings but to plant at these distances you may also make use of a streight Pole containing one pearch in length and divided into four parts The second Chain must be divided into yards and feet by brass Rings as in the first Chain it will require 65 Rings being the distance of feet and at every third foot beginning at one end of the Chain add one Ring more there will then be two Rings which is the distance of yards this being finished the single Rings distinguish the feet and the double the yards the Chain containing in length 66 foot and 22 yards but if wood measure then the length of the Chain will be 72 foot and 24 yards with these two Chains you may plant Seed and Sets at all the distances mentioned in the Book Now if you will not be at the charges to provide Chains then may you make use of small Cords or Lines and instead of Rings there may be knots with several coloured raggs at all the distances before mentioned and if these Chains or Lines be not of a sufficient length to dispatch much work then may you lengthen them according to your use or pleasure ENGLAND'S IMPROVEMENT REVIVED THE FOURTH BOOK The Argument You have Directions to plant a thousand Acres of Land Woodland measure 18 foot to the Pearch with Seed and Sets for Timber-trees and Vnderwoods at the several distances before mentioned and that is from one foot to four Pearch Also here is set down the particular and total accounts of the Charges and Profit of planting the said Land by plowing or delving and sowing or setting the same with Seed or Sets As also of converting the said Woods to several uses VVE have formerly discoursed of the knowledge of several sorts of Land by their Characters and Constitutions also of the Clime or Continent wherein they lie and how you shall make choice of Land for planting Trees the choice of seed and plants the seasons for plowing sowing and setting transplanting trees of great growth with the several Distances of ground between the Plants and the Improvement of one Acre of Land several wayes and to plant with Seed and Sets for Timber-trees and Under-woods therefore shall not trouble you with repetitions but proceed Suppose therefore the thousand Acres of Land before mentioned to be totally planted extending to the outmost bounds as it was measured without the Fence it contains 160000 pearch at 18 foot to the pearch In the planting this ground we shall mention only 5 several distances between the Plants I. Dist. The first and nearest shall be one foot at this distance you are only to plant seed for the procuring Plants to transplant other Lands we shall suppose this thousand Acres also to be a strong rich earth and every way qualified for the planting all sorts of Timber-trees This Plot of Land then contains 400 pearch square or 7200 foot but will require 7201 Rows of seed or plants and the whole ground will take up 51854401 single seed or plants Now if you will plant at this distance with seed for present use and profit my advice is to plant only these three sorts that is to say the Oak seed which is Acorns the Ash-tree seed called Ashen Keys the Chesnut-tree seed or Chesnuts There being an equal number or quantity of the three several sorts of Seed set or planted the Land will take up of Acorns 17284800 of Ashen-keyes 17284800 of Chesnuts 17284801. Now supposing that all these seeds grow and thrive about three years after the planting they will be of a sufficient growth to be transplanted The Oak and Ash Plants may yield 18 pence the hundred there being 345696 hundred allowing five score to the hundred which amounts to 25927 pound 4 shillings of Chesnut Plants there will be 172848 hundred and 1 Plant and they may be worth two shillings and six pence the hundred and will amount to 21606 pounds 1 farthing The total summ that all the Plants amount to is 47533 pound 4 shillings 1 farthing A good improvement if there were Markets or vent for so many II. Dist. But if at three foot distance you will reserve one of these Plants to grow for Under-woods and that you leave them equally mixed as they were planted then there will be for sale or to be sold of Oak and Ash 30726400 single Plants or 307164 hundred and at 18 pence the hundred amount to 23044 pound 16 shillings of Chesnut 153632 hundred of Plants at two shillings six pence the hundred come to 19204 pound The total summ for all these Plants amounts to 42248 pound 16 shillings the remainder or the Rods or Plants reserved are 5764801 which about eight or nine years after from the time they were planted you may fell or cut down and convert them to their several uses thus the number of Chesnut Plants is 1921601 the number of Oak Plants is 1921600 the number of Ash Plants is 1921601. From the Chesnut Plants may be chosen 214234 Rods of the size from 12 to 16 foot in length for smart hoops commonly used about wet and dry Cask of all sorts and each Rod being carefully slit will make two Hoops worth if delivered at London six shillings the hundred allowing six score to the hundred then there will be 428468 single hoops and being reckoned by the hundred they come to 3570 hundred 68 hoops and amounts at six shillings the hundred to 1079 pound 3 shillings 4 pence half-penny There may also from the Chesnut Plants be gathered 1400566 Rods of the size from 6 to 12 foot long which will make 2801132 single hoops and they arise to 23342 hundred and 92 hoops worth if delivered as aforesaid 4 shillings the hundred they amount to 4668 pound 11 shillings 3 farthings the total sum for the Chesnut hoops amount to 5739 pound 14 shillings 5 pence one farthing Out of the Oak and Ash containing 3843200 Plants may be chosen 403700 Rods of the longer size from 12 to 16 foot which may make being carefully slit as aforesaid
Bushel they come to 810 pound 4 shillings 6 pence Now if you sow the Land with the same seed then there must be 2 Bushels allowed for every Acre more than there was for setting and the quantity to be is 10102 Bushels 1 Peck and 1 Acorn they amount to 1010 pound 4 shillings 6 pence The Charges for setting the Acorns being formerly allowed at 4 shillings the Acre come to 200 pound The Charges for weeding the Plants being also allowed at 10 shillings the Acre come to 500 pound The total Charge for Seed also plowing hacking harrowing setting and weeding amounts to 2210 pound 4 shillings 6 pence The total Charge for seed also plowing hacking harrowing sowing and weeding amounts to 2210 pound 4 shillings 6 pence But if the Land be planted by setting Ashen Keys of this seed there go 96000 into one Bushel and will cost 12 pence the Bushel and the Land will take up 540 Bushel 1 Gallon 1 pint and a half and 151 single seeds amounting to 27 pound 7 farthings The Charges for plowing sowing setting and weeding is the same allowed for the Acorns The total Charge for seed also plowing hacking setting harrowing and weeding amounts to 1327 pound 7 farthings And if you sow the Land with Ashen Keys there must be half a Bushel allowed for every Acre more than was for setting the quantity to be provided comes to 1040 bushels 9 pints a half and 151 single seed and they come to 52 pound 7 farthings The total for seed also plowing hacking harrowing and weeding amounts to 1152 pound 7 farthings This Land to be planted with Chesnuts will take up 51854401 single Nuts and they will cost 2 pence the hundred there being 518544 hundred and 1 Nut come to 4321 pound 4 shillings But if the Land be sowed with the said Nuts then every Acre will require 1500 more than was allowed for setting The whole number will arise to 533544 and one single Nut and at 2 pence the hundred do amount to 4446 pound 4 shillings The total Charge for setting or planting a thousand Acres of Land at a foot distance with Chesnuts amounts to 5721 pound 4 shillings The total Charge of Land to be sowed with the said seed comes to 5646 pound 4 shillings To plant by setting a thousand Acres at a foot distance with Beech seed called Beech Mast there going 76800 single seed into one Bushel the Land will take up 675 bushels 6 quarts and 1 seed and at 3 shillings the bushel according to a former allowance they amount to 101 pound 5 shillings 6 pence 3 farthings If the Land be sowed with the said seed then there should be 2 pecks allowed for every Acre more than was for setting and the total number will arise to 1175 bushels 6 quarts and 1 seed which at 3 shillings the bushel comes to 176 pound 5 shillings 6 pence 3 farthings The total Charge of the Land to be set with Beech-mast amounts to 1501 pound 5 shillings 3 farthings The total Charge of the Beech seed to be sowed on the said Land amounts to 1376 pound 5 shillings 3 farthings All sorts or kind of trees the charges for planting them by seed may be computed according to the rules we have set down Now if any man will be so indiscreet as to plant at this distance with Sets the thousand Acres will then take up 51854401 single Sets or Plants I cannot give you an exact account what they may cost by the hundred because several Countries have different Prices according to the goodness plenty or scarcity of them for in some places good Plants of Oak Ash Beech and Elme are sold for 12 pence the hundred and in other Countries such Sets are worth 18 pence or 2 shillings the hundred to have them no greater than a mans little finger we shall estimate them at 18 pence the hundred and there being 518544 hundred that the Land will take up the same amount to 38890 pound 16 shillings The Setting these Plants is worth 10 shillings the Acre and comes to 500 pound The Weeding of them is worth 10 shillings the Acre which likewise comes to 500 pound The total Charge for Plants also Plowing Hacking Harrowing Setting and Weeding amounts to 40590 pound 16 shillings But if you will plant with Chesnut Sets these Plants may cost 2 shillings 6 pence the hundred there being 518544 hundred and 1 Plant and they come to 64768 pound 1 farthing The total Charge for Chesnut Plants also Plowing Hacking Harrowing and Weeding amounts to 66468 pound 1 farthing We shall not here set down Wages or Sallary allowed the Keeper or Dresser of this great Wood but shall leave the same to the will of the Owner thereof He that undertaketh this so great a Charge ought to be an honest laborious and industrious Person Thus have we considered and given a true Account of all the Charges needfull for plowing sowing and planting Seed or Sets at one foot distance By these total sums you may take notice that it is cheaper to plant with Seeds than Sets also the great charge to plant at so near a distance as one foot which is only in use for Nurseries and transplanting other grounds as hath been said The Second Distance IN the next place we shall consider of the Charges for plowing and planting at 3 foot distance for you are to take notice that we allow not of the sowing of any kind of seed above or more than one foot distance a thousand Acres of Land then allowing 18 foot to the Pearch Woodland measure contains 5760000 square yards and will take up there being 3 Seeds set or planted a foot wide from each other triangular and at the end of each or every yard distance as hath been directed if Acorns 17294403 or 2702 bushels one peck and 3 acorns and at the price formerly allowed which is 2 shillings the bushel they come to 270 pound 4 shillings 6 pence The setting the seed at this distance and the Land harrowed is worth 2 shillings 6 pence the Acre and come to 125 pound The weeding one foot round and between the Plants at 7 shillings the Acre comes to 350 pound The Total for seed also plowing and all other charges amounts to 1445 pound 4 shillings 6 pence If you set or plant Ashen-keys the Land will take up of that seed 180 bushels 9 pints a half and 153 single seed which at 12 pence the bushel come to 9 pound 3 half pence The Charges of setting and weeding is the same with the Acorns and do come to 475 pound The total Charge to plant with the seed of Ash amounts to 1184 pound 3 half pence And if you plant Beech-mast the Land will take up of that seed 225 bushels 6 quarts and 3 seed which amounts to 33 pound 15 shillings 6 pence 3 farthings The total Charge to plant with seed of Beech amounts to 1208 pound 15 shillings 6 pence 3 farthings To plant the said Land with Chesnuts
readily peruse all the foresaid totall accounts belonging to this first planting in digged or delved Land I shall here set them down by themselves and they are as followeth The total Accounts of all the seed set or sowed at one foot distance Seed sowed Acorns the Total amounts to 4226 17 10 Ashen-keys the Total amounts to 3268 13 05 ¾ Beech-mast the Total amounts to 3392 18 10 ¾ Chesnuts the Total amounts to 7662 17 04 All these seeds equally sowed the Total amounts to 4637 16 07 ¼ Seed set Acorns the Total amounts to 4210 04 06 Ashen-keys the Total amounts to 3427 00 01 ¾ Beech-mast the Total amounts to 3501 05 06 ¾ Chesnuts the Total amounts to 7721 04 00 ¾ All these seeds equally set the Total amounts to 4714 18 06 ¼ The total Accounts of Plants planted Oak Ash Beech or Elm the Total amounts to 42557 09 04 Chesnut Plants the Total amounts to 68484 13 04 ¾ All these Sets equally planted the Total amounts to 47742 18 01 ¾ The next Distance is 3 Foot AT this Distance if you do not sow the Land between the Plants with Corn then there may be delved 2 foot square of ground at the ends of every yard or 3 foot and therein set 3 seeds as hath been formerly declared This performed there will be delved 5764801 square Plots and they are worth delving 30 shillings the Acre The thousand Acres thus planted will take up 17294403 single seeds and the account will stand as followeth  li. s. d. For Delving the Land at 30 shillings the Acre 1500 00 00 For 2702 bushels 1 peck and 3 single seeds of Acorns at 2 shillings the bushel 0270 04 06 For setting or planting the Seed and the Land raked at 2 shillings 6 pence the Acre 0125 00 00 For weeding the Plants valued at 7 s. the Acre 0350 00 00 The total Charge amounts to 2245 04 06 An Account of Charges the Land planted with Ashen-keys For Delving the Land at 30 s. the Acre 1500 00 00 For setting the seed and raking the land at 2 s. 6 d. the acre 0125 00 00 For 180 bushel 1 gallon 1 pint and 153 single seeds of the Ash-tree at 1 s. the bushel 0009 00 01 ½ For weeding the Plants at 7 s. the Acre 0350 00 00 The total Charge amounts to 1984 00 01 ½ An Account of Charges the Land planted with the Beech-tree seed For Delving the Land at 30 shillings the Acre 1500 00 00 For 225 bushel 6-quarts and 3 single seed of the Beech at 3 shillings the bushel 0033 15 06 ¾ For setting the seed and raking the land at 2 s. 6 d. the acre 0125 00 00 For weeding the Plants at 7 s. the Acre 0350 00 00 The total Charge amounts to 2008 15 06 ¾ An Account of Charges the Land planted with Chesnuts  l. s. d. For Delving the Land 1500 00 00 For 172944 hundred and single Chesnuts at 2 d. the hund 1441 04 00 For Setting the Seed Raking the Land and Weeding the Plants 0475 00 00 The total Charge amounts to 3416 04 00 An Account of Charges equally to plant the 4 several sorts of Seeds For Delving the Land 1500 00 00 For 675 bushels a half and 2 quarts of Acorns at 2 s. the bushel 0067 11 01 ½ For 45 bushels 1 quart and 601 single seeds of Ashen-keys at 1 s. the bushel 0002 05 00 ¼ For 56 bushels 1 peck 3 pints and 1 seed of Beech-mast at 3 shillings the bushel 0007 08 10 ½ For 43236 hundred and 1 Chesnut at 2 d. the hundred 0360 06 00 For Setting the Seed Raking the Land and Weeding the Plants 0475 00 00 The total Charge amounts to 2412 11 00 ¼ Now if the Land be planted with Plants or Sets at this distance as the seed was planted and the same number then it will take up 17294403 Plants An Account of Charges the Land planted with Sets of Oak Ash Beech and Elm. For Delving the Land 1500 00 00 For 172944 hundred and 3 Plants either of Oak Ash Beech or Elm at 18 pence the hundred 12970 14 01 For setting or planting these Plants valued at 8 s. the acre 00400 00 00 For Weeding the Plants at 7 shillings the acre 00350 00 00 The total Charge amounts to 15220 14 01 An Account of Charges the Land planted with Chesnuts Sets  li. s. d. For Delving the Land 01500 00 00 For 172944 hundred and 3 Plants of Chesnut at 2 s. 6 d. the hundred 21618 00 00 ¼ For setting and weeding the Plants 00750 00 00 The Total Charge amounts to 23868 00 00 ¼ But if all the foresaid 5 several sorts of Sets be equally planted in the said Land the Accounts will be made up as followeth An Account of Charges the 5 several sorts of Sets equally planted For Delving the Land at 30 s. the Acre 01500 00 00 For 138355 hundred and 22 Sets of Oak Ash Beech and Elm at 18 pence the hundred 10376 12 10 For 34588 hundred and 81 single Chesnut Sets at 2 s. 6 d. the hundred 04273 12 00 For setting and weeding the Plants 00750 00 00 The total Charge amounts to 16900 04 10 The Totals of the several Accounts of Charges for Seed and Plants set or planted at 3 foot distance and is as followeth Acorns the Total amounts to 2245 04 06 Ashen-keys the Total amounts to 1984 00 01 ½ Beech-mast the Total amounts to 2008 15 06 ¾ Chesnuts the Total amounts to 3416 04 00 All the foresaid Seeds equally planted the Total amounts to 2412 11 00 ¼ The Totals of the several Accounts for Plants planted Oak Ash Beech and Elm Sets the Total amounts to 15220 14 01 Chesnut Sets the Total amounts to 23868 00 00 ¾ All the 5 several sorts of Sets equally planted the Total amounts to 16900 04 10 The Third Distance THis next or third Distance of ground between Plants or Seeds is 4 foot and an half which is the fourth part of a Pearch Woodland measure Now if the Thousand Aceâ—s of Land be planted the same way and order as was the last or 3 foot distance then at the ends of 4 foot 6 inches of Land in length must be delved a Plot of Land 2 foot square with a small Trench about the square Plot and therein set or plant 3 seeds To perform this the Land will take up 7689603 single seeds and the Plots be worth delving 14 shillings the Acre An Account of Charges the Land set with Acorns  l. s. d. For Delving 2563201 square Plots of Land each Plot containing 4 square foot of ground the whole Plot worth delving 14 shillings the acre 0700 00 00 For 1201 bushels a half and 3 acorns at 2 s. the bushel 0120 03 00 For setting the Seed and raking the Land 2 s. the acre and weeding the Plants 4 s. the acre 0300 00 00 The total Charge amounts to 1120 03 00 An Account of Charges the Land planted with the Ash-seed
amounts to 0914 15 1 ¾ Chesnut Set the Total amounts to 1216 07 2 ¼ All the 5 several sorts of Sets equally planted the Total amounts to 0979 00 7 ¾  li. s. d. One single Plant either of Oak Ash Beech or Elm planted in each Plot and the Land sowed with Wheat the Total amounts to 2408 11 10 One single Chesnut Plant planted in each Plot and the Land sowed with Wheat the Total amounts to 2488 19 10 ¼ All the 5 sorts of single Sets equally planted in each Plot one and the Land sowed with Wheat the Total amounts to 2424 13 05 ¼ You may please to take notice at the second season of Plowing That that part of Land that the Plow cannot reach or compass must be digged or delved The Fifth Distance THe next or last Distance of Land between the Plants we intend to treat of in this Book and at this time is two pearch or 36 foot Well grown and thriving Timber-trees planted in a thousand Acres of Land at this distance will not only be profitable as on every Acre of Land there growing 40 Timber-trees worth 10 pound a Tree and amount to four hundred thousand pound but make a gallant shew and Corn growing on the Land Cattel and Deer feeding thereon were very pleasant to behold We have formerly advised to delve a Plot of ground 4 foot square at the end of every 36 foot in length and therein to set or plant 4 Seed or Plants this performed there will be sufficient room for the Plow to turn between the square Plots making good and quick work not hurting either Plants or Trees And the Land planted according to former Directions the Accounts will stand as followeth An Account of Charges the Land planted with Chesnuts at this last Distance and sowed with Wheat  li. s. d. For Delving 40401 square plots of Land containing 646416 foot or 1995 pearch and 36 foot at 4 d. the pearch 033 05 0 ¼ For Plowing Hacking Sowing the Wheat and Harrowing 987 acres and 3 quarters of Land at 12 s. the acre 592 13 0 For 161604 Chesnut Seed or 1616 hundred and 4 Nuts at 2 d the hundred 013 09 4 For Seed-wheat allowing at this distance 3 bushels to be sowed on every acre at 5 s. the bushel 740 16 3 For Setting the Chesnuts and Weeding the Plants at 18 d. the acre 075 00 0 For Weeding the Wheat at 4 pence the acre 016 13 4 For Reaping Binding and Carrying the Corn into the Barn at 8 s. the acre 395 02 0 For Thrashing and Winnowing the Wheat at 10 s. the load or 40 bushels and reckoning the increase 30 bushels to grow on every acre 370 07 6 For Carriage of the said Wheat to Markets if within 7 miles of the Barn at 5 s. the load or 40 bushels 185 03 9 The total Charge amounts to 2422 10 2 ¼ An Account of Charges the Land planted with Acorns and sowed with Wheat For Delving 1995 pearch and 36 foot of Land at 4 d. the pearch 033 05 0 ¼ For Plowing 987 acres ¾ of Land and sowing the said Land with Wheat 592 13 0 For 25 bushels 1 peck and 4 Acorns at 2 s. the bushel 002 1 6 For Seed-Wheat the Land requiring 2963 bushels ¼ at 5 s. the bushel 740 16 3 For Setting the Acorns and Weeding the Plants 075 00 0 For Weeding the Wheat 016 13 4 For Reaping Gathering Binding and Carting the Corn into the Barn 395 02 0 For Thrashing and Winowing the Wheat at 10 s. the load 370 07 6 For Carriage of the said Wheat to Markets at 5 s. the load 185 03 9 The total Charge amounts to 2411 11 4 ¼ An Account of Charges the Land planted with the Beech-Seed and sowed with Wheat  l. s. d. For Delving and Plowing the Land 625 18 0 ¼ For 2 bushels 3 quarts and 804 single Seeds at 3 s. the bushel 000 06 3 ¾ For 2963 bushels ¼ of Seed-Wheat at 5 s. the bushel 740 16 3 For Setting the Beech Seed and Weeding the Plants 075 00 0 For Weeding the Wheat and all Charges of bringing it into the Barn 411 15 4 For Thrashing the said Wheat and all Charges to the Markets 555 11 3 The total Charge amounts to 2409 07 2 ¼ An Account of Charges the Land planted with Ash-seed and sowed with Wheat For Delving and Plowing the Land 625 18 0 ¼ For one Bushel and a half 11 pints and 1104 single seeds of the Ash at 12 pence the bushel 000 01 8 For 2963 bushels ¼ of Seed-Wheat at 5 s. the bushel 740 16 3 For Setting the Ash-seed and Weeding the Plants 075 00 0 For Weeding the Wheat and all Charges of bringing it into the Barn 411 15 4 For Thrashing the said Wheat and all Charges to the Markets 555 11 3 The total Charge amounts to 2409 02 6 An Account of Charges all the 4 sorts of Seed equally planted and the Land sowed with Wheat For Delving and Plowing the Land 625 18 0 ¼ For 404 hundred of Chesnuts 1 single Nut at 2 d. the hund 003 07 4 For 6 bushels 5 pottles and 1 seed of Acorns at 2 s. the bushel 000 12 7 ½ For 2 pecks 1 pint and 801 single seed of the Beech at 3 s. the bushel 000 01 7 For 3 gallons 1 quart and 1401 single seeds of the Ash at 12 d. the bushel 000 00 5 For Setting these Seeds and Weeding the Plants 075 00 0 For Seed-Wheat containing 2963 bushels ¼ at 5 s. the bushel 740 16 3 For Weeding the Wheat and all Charges of bringing it into the Barn 411 15 4 For thrashing the said Wheat and all charges to the Markets 555 11 3 The total Charge amounts to 2413 02 9 ¾ An Account of Charges the Land planted with Sets as it was with Seed and Wheat sowed between the Plants  li. s. d. For Delving and Plowing as by the particulars in former Accounts 625 18 0 ¼ For 161604 either of Oak Ash Beech or Elm Sets at 18 d. the hundred 121 04 0 For Planting the Sets and Weeding them 100 00 0 For 2963 bushels ¼ of Seed-wheat at 5 s. the bushel 740 16 3 For Weeding the Wheat and all Charges into the Barn 411 15 4 For Thrashing the said Wheat and all Charges to the Markets 555 11 3 The total Charge amounts to 2555 04 10 ¼ An Account of Charges the same quantity of Land planted with Chesnut Sets and Wheat sowed For Delving and Plowing the Land 625 18 0 ¼ For 1616 hundred of Chesnut Sets at 2 s. 6 d. the hundred 202 00 1 For Planting the Sets and Weeding them 100 00 0 For 2963 bushels ¼ of Seed-Wheat at 5 s. the bushel 740 16 3 For Weeding the said Wheat and all Charges bringing it into the Barn 411 15 4 For Thrashing the said Wheat and all Charges to the Markets 555 11 3 The total Charge amounts to 2636 00 11 ¼ An Account of Charges
all the 5 sorts of Sets equally planted and Wheat sowed between them For Delving and Plowing the Land 625 18 0 ¼ For 129284 of Oak Ash Beech and Elm single Plants 096 19 2 For 32320 Chesnut Plants 040 08 0 For Planting and Weeding all the said Sets 100 00 0 For Seed-Wheat 740 16 3 For Weeding the said Wheat and all Charges into the Barn 411 15 4 For Thrashing the said Wheat and all Charges to the Markets 555 11 3 The total Charge amounts to 2571 08 0 ¼ Now if you plant a thousand Acres of Land with single Sets at the last distance before mentioned that is to say 36 foot space of ground left between each single Plant and 2 foot square of land delved for each Plant to grow in The Accounts are as followeth An Account of Charges the Land planted with single Sets either of Oak Ash Beech or Elm and sowed with Wheat  li. s. d. For Delving 498 square pearch 3 quarters and 9 foot of Land 0008 06 03 For Plowing 996 Acres ¾ 21 pearch and 72 foot of Land 0598 02 06 For 40401 single Sets either of Oak Ash Beech or Elm 0020 04 00 For Planting and Weeding the said Plants at 10 d. the acre 0041 13 04 For Seed-Wheat and all Charges bringing it into the Barn 1152 11 07 For Thrashing the said Wheat and all Charges to the Markets 0555 11 03 The total Charge amounts to 2376 08 11 An Account of Charges the Land planted with Chesnut Sets For Delving Plowing Sowing Hacking and Harrowing 0606 08 09 For 40401 single Plants of Chesnut at 2 s. 6 d. the hundred 0050 10 00 ¼ For Planting and Weeding the said Sets 0041 13 04 For Seed-Wheat also Weeding the Wheat and all Charges into the Barn 1152 11 07 For Thrashing and all Charges to the Markets 0555 11 03 The total Charge amounts to 2406 14 11 ¼ An Account of Charges all the 5 sorts of Sets equally planted and Wheat sowed on the said Land  li. s. d. For Delving and Plowing the Land 0606 08 9 For 323 hundred and 20 single Sets of Oak Ash Beech and Elm 0024 04 9 ½ For 80 hundred and 81 single Sets of Chesnut 0010 02 0 ¼ For Planting and Weeding the said Sets at 10 d. the acre 0041 13 4 For Seed-Wheat 0740 16 3 For Weeding the said Wheat and all Charges bringing it into the Barn 0411 15 4 For Thrashing the said Wheat and all Charges to the Markets 0555 11 3 The total Charge amounts to 2390 11 8 ¾ It may be objected that on those Lands where there is planted the least number of Sets there ought to be a greater quantity of Corn sowed than where the Plants are set thicker and consequently a greater Crop or Increase of Wheat expected also an account given thereof which is not performed or mentioned in the accounts For answer we say That on those Lands where Corn is ordered to be sowed there is but one Plant allowed to grow for Timber and at the ends of each or every Distance of Land proportioned between the Plants All the rest are appointed for planting other Lands and to be pulled or drawn up at or about three years after the first planting Secondly in that short time or term of years the Plants will be but of small growth therefore not much prejudice or hinder the growth of Corn neither will the Corn hurt them if ordered as has been directed Thirdly the difference is so small that I shall not blot paper by taking notice thereof and to answer every Objection nice Scruple or Question is more fit for such that delight rather in Disputation than Improvement we shall therefore proceed and according to our former custome give you the Totals of the several Accounts mentioned by planting at this fifth or last Distance and they are as followeth The Totals of several Accounts for Seed of Trees planted and the said Land sowed with Wheat  l. s. d. Chesnuts the Total amounts to 2422 10 02 ¼ Acorns the Total amounts to 2411 11 04 ¼ Beech-seed the Total amounts to 2409 07 02 ½ Ash-seed the Total amounts to 2409 02 06 All the 4 sorts of Seed equally planted the Total amounts to 2413 02 09 ¾ The Totals of 4 Sets planted in each Plot of Land Oak Ash Beech or Elm the Total amounts to 2555 04 10 ¼ Chesnut Sets the Total amounts to 2636 00 11 ¼ All the 5 sorts of Sets equally planted the Total amounts to 2571 08 00 ¼ The Totals of one single Set planted in each Plot of Land and Wheat sowed between the Plants Oak Ash Beech or Elm the Total amounts to 2376 08 11 Chesnut Sets the Total amounts to 2406 14 11 ¼ All the 5 sorts of Sets equally planted the Total amounts to 2390 11 08 ¾ We have not set down in all the Distance every particular Account of Charges or Expence being unwilling to repeat the same thing over and over again but refer the Reader to the Account stated in the third Distance and Planting for Under-woods All that hath been spoken of Planting Also the Accounts of Charges and Profit are to be Understood as meant of the whole Land or Utmost of the Plot containing a thousand Acres the square whereof is 400 pearch We might also here give an account of the Charges and Profit that may arise by Planting the said Land inclosed with the Fence before mentioned the ground allowed for breadth of the Ditch and the Bank or earth cast out for the thorns to grow in was 9 foot which is half a pearch then the square of the Land within the Fence to be planted contains 399 pearch and ariseth in the whole Plot by the acre to 995 acres one perch The loss of land by reason of the Fence or the Land taken up by the Fence being 4 acres 3 quarters and 39 pearch Now the way and manner how this Plot or quantity of Land is to be planted we have already declared and by the computation of one single Acre and a thousand Acres which I have demonstrated at large may be known the Charges and Profit arising by planting 5 10 100 10000 or any number of Acres whatsoever I should here have concluded this most delightful Subject of Profit acceptable if not to all yet to the greatest part of the World notwithstanding to follow the advice of the Poet who is willing that Pleasure also have a share in all discourses of this Nature and to render my labour if possible agreable to such o're whom the first has no influence unless accompanied with the latter I shall endeavour by joyning both here to make the Desart you have already past only appear as a rugged Entrance into the Pleasant Land and by the Delights which I have reserved in my Garden of Pleasure hope to make you forget all the troubles and unevenness of your former passage ENGLAND'S IMPROVEMENT REVIVED THE FIFTH BOOK The Argument In this Book are Directions