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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43326	A new discovery of a vast country in America extending above four thousand miles between New France and New Mexico, with a description of the great lakes, cataracts, rivers, plants and animals : also the manners, customs, and languages of the several native Indians ... : with a continuation, giving an account of the attempts of the Sieur De la Salle upon the mines of St. Barbe, &c., the taking of Quebec by the English, with the advantages of a shorter cut to China and Japan : both parts illustrated with maps and figures and dedicated to His Majesty, K. William / by L. Hennepin ... ; to which is added several new discoveries in North-America, not publish'd in the French edition.; Nouvelle découverte d'un très grand pays situé dans l'Amérique entre le Nouveau Mexique et la mer Glaciale. English	Hennepin, Louis, 17th cent.; La Salle, Robert Cavelier, sieur de, 1643-1687.; Joliet, Louis, 1645-1700.; Marquette, Jacques, 1637-1675.	1698 (1698)	Wing H1450; ESTC R6723	330,063	596

and Creeks which we were forc'd to coast we past by the Great Fall of Niagara and spent half a Day in considering the Wonders of that prodigious Cascade I could not conceive how it came to pass that four great Lakes the least of which is 400 Leagues in compass should empty themselves one into another and then all centre and discharge themselves at this Great Fall and yet not drown good part of America What is yet more surprizing the Ground from the Mouth of the Lake Erie down to the Great Fall appears almost level and flat 'T is scarce discernable that there is the least Rise or Fall for six Leagues to gether The more than ordinary swiftness of the Stream is the only thing that makes it be observ'd And that which makes it yet●the stranger is That for 2 Leagues together below the Fall towards the Lake Ontario or Front●nac the Lands are as level as they are above it towards the Lake of Erie Our Surprise was still greater when we observ'd there was no Mountains within two good Leagues of this Cascade and yet the vast quantity of Water which is discharg'd by these four fresh Seas stops or centres here and so falls above six hundred Foot deep down into a Gulph which one cannot look upon without Horrour Two other great Out-lets or Falls of Water which are on the two sides of a small sloping Island which is in the midst fall gently and without noise and so glide away quiety enough But when this prodigious quantity of Water of which I speak comes to fall there is such a din and such a noise more deafning than the loudest Thunder The rebounding of these Waters is so great that a sort of Cloud arises from the Foam of it which are seen hanging over this Abyss even at Noon-day when the Sun is at its heighth In the midst of Summer when the Weather is hottest they arise above the tallest Firrs and other great Trees which grow in the sloping Island which make the two Falls of Waters that I spoke of I wish'd an hundred times that somebody had been with us who could have describ'd the Wonders of this prodigious frightful Fall so as to give the Reader a just and natural Idea of it such as might satisfie him and create in him an Admiration of this Prodigy of Nature as great as it deserves In the mean time accept the following Draught such as it is in which however I have endeavour'd to give the curious Reader as just an Image of it as I can We must call to mind what I observ'd of it in the beginning of my Voyage which is to be seen in the Seventh Chapter of this Book From the Mouth of the Lake Erie to the Great Fall are reckon'd six Leagues as I have said which is the continuation of the Great River of St. Laurence which arises out of the four Lakes above-mention'd The River you must needs think is very rapid for these six Leagues because of the vast Discharge of Waters which fall into it out of the said Lakes The Lands which lie on both sides of it to the East and West are all level from the Lake Erie to the Great Fall Its Banks are not s●eep on the contrary the Water is almost always level with the Land 'T is certain that the Ground towards the Fall is lower by the more than ordinary swiftness of the Stream and yet 't is not perceivable to the Eye for the six Leagues abovesaid After it has run thus violently for six Leagues it meets with a small sloping Island about half a quarter of a League long and near three hundred Foot broad as well as one can guess by the Eye for it is impossible to come at it in a Canow of Bark the Waters run with that force The Isle is full of Cedar and Firr but the Land of it lies no higher than that on the Banks of the River It seems to be all level even as far as the two great Cascades that make the Main Fall The two sides of the Channels which are made by the Isle and run on both sides of it overflow almost the very Surface of the Earth of the said Isle as well as the Land that lies on the Banks of the River to the East and West as it runs South and North. But we must observe that at the end of the Isle on the side o● the two great Falls there is a sloping Rock which reaches as far as the Great Gulph into which the said Waters fall and yet the Rock is not at all wetted by the two Cascades which fall on both sides because the two Torrents which are made by the Isle throw themselves with a prodigious force one towards the East and the other towards the West from off the end of the Isle where the Great Fall of all is After then these two Torrents have thus run by the two sides of the Isle they cast their Waters all of a sudden down into the Gulph by two Great Falls which Waters are push'd so violently on by their own Weight and so sustain'd by the swiftness of the motion that they don't wet the Rock in the least And here it is that they tumble down into an Abyss above 600 Foot in depth The Waters that flow on the side of the East do not throw themselves with that violence as those that fall on the West The reason is because the Rock at the end of the Island rises something more on this side than it does on the West and so the Waters being supported by it somewhat longer than they are on the other side are carry'd the smoother off But on the West the Rock sloping more the Waters for want of a Support become the sooner broke and fall with the greater precipitation Another reason is the Lands that lie on the West are lower than those that lie on the East We also observ'd that the Waters of the Fall that is to the West made a sort of a square Figure as they fell which made a third Cascade less than the other two which fell betwixt the South and North. And because there is a rising Ground which lies before those two Cascades to the North the Gulph is much larger there than to the East Moreover we must observe that from the rising Ground that lies over against the two last Falls which are on the West of the main Fall one may go down as far as the bottom of this terrible Gulph The Author of this Discovery was down there the more narrowly to observe the Fall of these prodigious Cascades From hence we could discover a Spot of Ground which lay under the Fall of Water which is to the East big enough for four Coaches to drive a breast without being wet but because the Ground which is to the East of the sloping Rock where the first Fall empties it self into the Gulph is very steep and almost perpendicular 't is impossible for a Man

touch'd with the Admiration of any thing they cannot comprehend cry'd aloud Otchitagon Gannoron that is Bare-Feet what ye are about to undertake is of great Importance They added That their most valiant Adventures had much ado to extricate themselves out of the hands of those barbarous Nations we were going to visit It is certain that the Iroquois had a most tender Respect for the Franciscan Monks having observ'd them to live all in common with out reserving any particular Possessions The Food of the Iroquois is in common among ' em The ancientest Women in the House distributes about to the other Persons in the Family according to their Age. When they sit at their Meals they give freely to eat unto all that come into their Houses for they would rather chuse to fast for a whole Day than suffer any one to go from their Houses without offering them a share of all they had The Sieur de la Salle arriv'd at the Fort some time after me God preserv'd him as he did me from the infinite Dangers he was expos'd to in this great Voyage betwixt Quebec and the Fort having pass'd the long Precipice mention'd last and several other most rapid Currents in his way thither The same Year he sent off Fifteen of our Boat-men who were to go before us They made as if they had been going in their Canow towards the Illinois and the other Neighbouring Nations that border upon the River call'd by the Illinois Meschasipi that is a great River which Name it has in the Map All this was only to secure to us a good Correspondence with the Savages and to prepare for us in that Country some Provisions and other Necessaries for going about this Discovery But there being among them some villainous Fellows they stopp'd in the upper Lake at Missilimakinak and diverted themselves with the Savages that live to the Northward of that Lake lavishing and squandering away the best of the Commodities they had taken with 'em instead of providing such Things as were needful for building a Ship which we necessarily wanted for passing from Lake to Lake to the River Meschasipi CHAP. XIV A Description of my second Imbarkment at Fort Frontenac in a Brigantine upon the Lake Ontario or Frontenac THat same very Year on the Eighteenth of November I took leave of our Monks at Fort Frontenac and after our mutual Embraces and Expressions of Brotherly and Christian Charity I embark'd in a Brigantine of about Ten Tuns The Winds and the Cold of the Autumn were then very violent insomuch that our Crew was afraid to go into so little a Vessel This oblig'd us and the Sieur de la Motte our Commander to direct our course Northwards to shelter our selves under the Coast against the North-West Wind which otherwise would have forc'd us upon the Southern Coast of ●he Lake This Voyage prov'd very difficult and dangerous because of the unseasonable time the Winter being near at hand On the 26th we were in great danger about Two large Leagues off the Land where we were oblig'd to lie at an Anchor all that Night at Sixty Fathom Water and above but at length the Wind turning North-East we set out and arriv'd safely at the further end of the Lake Ontario call'd by the Iroquois Skannadario We came pretty near to one of their Villages call'd Taiaiagon lying about Seventy Leagues from Fort Frontenac or Katarockouy We barter'd some Indian Corn with the Iroquois who could not admire us enough and came frequently to see us on board our Brigantine which for our greater security we had brought to an Anchor into a River tho' before we could get in we run aground three times which oblig'd us to put Fourteen Men into Canows and cast the Balast of our Ship over-board to get her off again That River falls into the Lake but for fear of being frozen up therein we were forc'd to cut the Ice with Axes and other Instruments The Wind turning then contrary we were oblig'd to tarry there till the 15th of December 1678. that we sail'd from the Northern Coast to the Southern where the River Niagara runs into the Lake but could not reach it that Day tho' it is but Fifteen or Sixteen Leagues distant and therefore cast Anchor within Five Leagues of the Shore where we had very bad Weather all the Night long On the 6th being St. Nicholas's Day we got into the fine River Niagara into which never any such Ship as ours enter'd before We sung there Te Deun● and other Prayers to return our Thanks to God Almighty for our prosperous Voyage The Iroquois Tsonnontouans inhabiting the little Village situated at the mouth of the River took above Three hundred White Fishes bigger than Carps which are the best relishing as well as the wholesomest Fish in the World They presented us with all those Fishes imputing their Good Luck to our Arrival They were much surpriz'd at our Ship which they call'd the great wooden Canow On the 7th we went in a Canow two Leagues up the River to look for a convenient Place for Building but not being able to get the Canow farther up because the Current was too rapid for us to master we went over-land about three Leagues higher tho' we found no Land fit for culture We lay that Night near a River which comes from the Westward within a League above the great Fall of Niagara which as we have already said is the greatest in the World The Snow was then a Foot deep and we were oblig'd to dig it up to make room for our Fire The next Day we return'd the same way we came and saw great Numbers of Wild-Goats and Wild Turkey-Cocks and on the 11th we said the first Mass that ever was said in that Country The Carpenters and the rest of the Crew were set to work but Monsieur de la Motte who had the Direction of them being not able to endure the F●tigues of so laborious a Life gave over his Design and return'd to Canada having about two hundred Leagues to travel The 12th 13th and 14th the Wind was not favourable enough to sail up the River as far at the rapid Current above mention'd where we had resolv'd to build some Houses Whosoever considers our Map will easily see that this New Enterprize of building a Fort and some Houses on the River Niagara besides the Fort of Frontenac was like to give Jealousie to the Iroquois and even to the English who live in this Neighbourhood and have a great Commerce with them Therefore to prevent the ill Consequences of it it was thought fit to send an Embassie to the Iroquois as it will be mention'd in the next Chapter The 15th I was desir'd to sit at the Helm of our Brigantine while three of our Men hall'd the same from the Shore with a Rope and at last we brought her up and moor'd her to the Shore with a Halser near a Rock of a prodigious heighth lying by

cry'd all the Night upon us to oblige by their Tears their Companions to consent to our Death This Lake is form'd by the Meschasipi and may be seven Leagues long and five broad Its Waters are almost standing the Stream being hardly perceptible in the middle We met within a League above the Lake another River call'd The River of the Wild Oxen because of the great number of those Beasts grazing upon its Banks It falls with a great Rapidity into the Meschasipi but some Leagues above its Mouth the Stream is very gentle and moderate There is an infinite number of large Tortoises in that River which are very relishing A Row of Mountains fence its Banks in some places There is another River which falls forty Leagues above this last into the Meschasipi thro' which one may go into the Superiour Lake by making a Portage from it into the River Nissipikouet which runs into the same Lake It is full of Rocks and rapid Streams We nam'd it The River of the Grave or Mausolaeum because the Savages bury'd there one of their Men who was bitten by a Rattle-Snake They us'd great Ceremonies in his Funeral which I shall describe in another place and I put upon his Corps a white Covering for which the Savages return'd me their publick Thanks and made a great Feast to which above an hundred Men were invited The Navigation of the Meschasipi is interrupted ten Leagues above this River of the Grave by a Fall of fifty or sixty Foot high which we call'd The Fall of St. Anthony of Padua whom we had taken for the Protector of our Discovery There is a Rock of a Pyramidal Figure just in the middle of the Fall of the River The Row of Mountains fencing the Banks of the Meschasipi ends at the Mouth of the River of Ouisconsin and there we likewise observ'd that that River which runs from thence to Sea almost directly North and South runs then from the Westward or the North-West The Misfortune we had of being taken Prisoners hindred us from going as far as its Source which we cou'd never learn from the Savages who told us only that about twenty or thirty Leagues above the Fall of St. Anthony there is ano●her Fall near which a Nation of Savages inhabit at certain Seasons of the Year They call those Nations Tintonha that is The Inhabitants of the Meadows Eight Leagues above the Fall of St. Anthony we met with the River of the Issati or Nadouessians which is very narrow at the Mouth It comes out from the Lake of the Issati lying about seventy Leagues from its Mouth We call'd this River The River of St. Francis and it was in this Place that we were made Slaves by the Issati The Course of the Meschasipi according to our best Computation is about 800 Leagues long from Tintonha to the Sea including its Windings and Turnings which are very great and may be navigable from the Fall of St. Anthony for flat-bottom'd-Boats provided the Island were clear'd from Trees and especially from Vines which having ty'd the Trees together wou'd stop a Boat in many places The Country about the Lake Issati is a Marshy Ground wherein grows abundance of wild Oats which grow without any culture or sowing in Lakes provided they are not above three Foot deep That Corn is much like our Oats but much better and its Stalks are a great deal longer when it is ripe The Savages gather it and live thereupon several Months of the Year making a kind of Broath thereof The Savage Women are oblig'd to tie several Stalks together with White Bark of Trees to fright away the Ducks Teals or Swans which otherwise wou'd spoil it before it be ripe This Lake of Issati lies within sixty Leagues to the Westward of the Superior Lake but 't is impossible to travel by Land from one to the other unless it be in a hard Frost because of the Marshy Grounds which otherwise sink under a Man but as I have already said they may use their Canow's tho' it be very troublesome because of the many Portages and the length of the Way which by reason of the Windings of the River is about 150 Leagues The shortest Way is by the River of the Grave thro' which we went in our Return We found nothing but the Bones of the Savage we had bury'd there the Bears having pull'd out with their Paws the great Stakes the Savages had beat deep into the Ground round about the Corps which is their usual Way of burying their Dead We found near the Grave a Calumet or Pipe of War and a Pot in which the Savages had left some fat Meat of wild Oxen for the use of their dead Friend during his Voyage into the Country of Souls which sheweth that they believe their Immortality There are many other Lakes near the River Issati from which several Rivers spring The Banks of those Rivers are inhabited by the Issati the Nadoussians the Tintonha or Inhabitants of Meadows the Ouadebathon or Men of Rivers the Chongasketon or Nation of the Wolf or the Dog for Chonga signifies either of these Creatures There are also several other Nations which we include under the general Denomination of Nadoussians These Savages may bring into the Field eight or nine thousand Men They are Brave Bold great Runners and good Marksmen with their Arrows It was a Party of these Savages that took us Prisoners and carry'd us to the Issati as I am going to relate in the following Chapter CHAP. XLV The Author and his Canow-Men are taken by the Savages who after several Attempts upon their Lives carry them away with them into their Country above the River Meschasipi WE used to go to Prayers thrice a Day as I have elsewhere observ'd and my constant Request to God was That when we shou'd first meet the Savages it might happen to be by Day Their Custom is to kill as Enemies all they meet by Night to enrich themselves with their Spoils which are nothing but a Parcel of Hatchets Knives and such like Trifles which yet they value more than we do Gold or Silver They make no Scruple to assassinate even their own Allies when they think they can handsomly conceal the Murder for by such Exploits it is they hope to gain the Reputation of being great Soldiers and to pass for Men of Courage and Resolution 'T was with a great deal of Satisfaction that we survey'd the Pleasures of the River Meschasipi all along our Passage up it which had been since the First of April Nothing as yet had interrupted our Observations whither it were navigable above or below In our Way we kill'd seven or eight Bustards or Wild Turkeys which in these Countries increase mightily as well as all other Wild Creatures We had also plenty of Bulls Dears Castors Fish and Bears-Flesh which last we kill'd as they were swimming over the River And here I cannot forbear seriously reflecting on that secret Pleasure and Satisfaction

of Mind which is to be found in Prayer and the real Advantages which may be drawn from thence when I consider how effectually my own were heard For the same Day being the Twelfth of April as our two Men were boiling one of the Bustards and my self refitting our Canow on the Banks of the River I perceiv'd all of a sudden about Two in the Afternoon no less than fifty Canow's which were made of Bark and mann'd with 120 Savages who were stark naked and came down the River with an extraordinary Swiftness to surprize the Miamis Illinois and Marohans their Enemies We threw away the Broath which was a preparing and getting aboard as fast as we cou'd made towards them crying out thrice Mistigouche and Diatchez which in the Language of the Iroquois and Algonquins is as much as to say Comrades we are Men of Wooden-Canows for so they call those that sail in great Vessels This had no effect for the Barbarians understood not what we said so that they surrounded us immediately and began to let flie their Arrows at a Distance till the Eldest amongst them perceiving that I had a Calumet or Pipe of Peace in my Hand came up to us and prevented our being murder'd by their Warriors These Men who are more brutal than those of the lower River fell a jumping out of their Canow's some upon Land others into the Water surrounding us on all sides with Shrieks and Out-cries that were indeed very terrifying 'T was to no purpose to resist being but three to so great a number One of them snatch'd the Pipe of Peace out of my Hand as our Canow and theirs were fasten'd together on the Bank of the River We presented them with some small Pieces of Martinico Tobacco because it was better than what they had As they receiv'd it the Elders of them cry'd out Miahima Miahima but what they meant by it we know it However we made Signs with ou● Oars upon the Sand that the Miamis their Enemies whom they were in search of had pass'd the River and were upon their Flight to join the Illinois When they saw themselves discover'd and consequently out of all hopes of surprizing their Enemies three or four of the eldest of them laid their Hands on my Head and began to weep bitterly accompanying their Tears with such mournful Accents as can hardly be exprest till with a sorry Handcherchif of Armenian Cloath which I had left I made a shift to dry up their Tears However to very little purpose for refusing to smoak in our Calumet or Pipe of Peace they thereby gave us to understand that their Design was still to murder us Hereupon with an horrid Out-cry which they set up all at once to make it yet the more terrible they hurry'd us cross the River forcing us to redouble the Stroaks of our Oar to make the more speed and entertaining us all the while with such dismal Howls as were capable of striking Terror into the most resolute and daring Souls Being come a-shoar on the other side we unloaded our Canow and landed our Things part of which they had robb'd us of already Some time after our Landing we made a Fire a second time to make an end of boiling our Bustard Two others we presented the Barbarians who having consulted together what they shou'd do with us two of their Leaders came up to us and made us to understand by Signs that their Warriors were resolv'd upon our Death This oblig'd me whilst one of our Canow-Men look'd after our Things to go with the other and apply my self to their Chiefs Six Hatchets fifteen Knives some pieces of Tobacco was the Present that I made them After which bending my Neck and pointing to a Hatchet I signify'd to them by that Submission that we threw our selves on their Mercy The Present had the good Effect to soften some of them who according to their Custom gave us some Flesh of Beaver to eat themselves putting the three first Bits in our Mouths having first blown upon it because the Meat was hot After this they set their Platter before us which was made of the Bark of a Tree leaving us at Liberty to feed after our own fashion These Civilities did not hinder us from passing the Night very uneasily because in the Evening before they went to sleep they had return'd us our Calumet of Peace The two Canow-Men resolv'd to sell their Lives as dear as they cou'd and to defend themselves like Men to the last in Case they shou'd attack us For my part I told them I resolv'd to suffer my self to be slain without the least resistance in imitation of our Saviour who resign'd himself up voluntarily into the Hand of his Executioner However we watch'd all Night by turns that we might not be surpriz'd in our Sleep CHAP. XLVI Resolution which the Barbarians take to carry the Author and his two Men along with them up into their Country above the River Meschasipi THE 13th of April very early in the Morning one of their Captains whose Name was Narrhetoba being one of those who had been for killing us and whose Body was painted all over came and demanded my Pipe of Peace It being deliver●d him he fill'd it with Tobacco of their own growth and made those of his own Band smoak in it first then all the rest that had been for putting us to Death After this he made Signs that we must go with them into their Country whither they were then about to return This Proposal did not startle me much for having caus'd the Enterprize which they had fram'd against their Enemies to miscarry I was not unwilling to imbrace any opportunity of making farther Discoveries amongst these Barbarous Nations That which perplex'd we most was the Difficulty I had of saying my Office and performing the rest of my Devotions in the Presence of these Wretches Many of them observing my Lips to move told me in a harsh severe Tone Ouackanche from whence because we understood not a Word of their Language we concluded them to be very angry Micha●l Ako ●ne of the Canow-Men told me with a frightful Air that if I continu'd to say my Breviary we shou'd infallibly be murther'd by them The Picard du Gay desir'd me at least to say my Prayers in priva●e for fear of enraging them too far The last Advice seem'd the best but the more I endeavour'd to conceal my self the more of them had I at my Heels If at any time I retir'd into the Woods they immediately concluded 't was to hide something So that I knew not which way to turn me for the performance of my Duty for they wou'd never suffer me a Moment out of their Sight This compell'd me at last to acquaint the two Canow-Men that I cou'd no longer dispence with my self in omitting the Duty of my Office That if they shou'd murder us on this account I shou'd indeed be the innocent Cause of their Death as

Cold that in the very midst of Winter they will run naked upon the Snow and tumble in it like so many Piggs in Summer amongst the Dirt which so hardens their Skin that the greatest M●sketto Flies are not able to give 'em any disturbance Tho' the continual Exposing themselves naked to the Air even from their Births contributes extremely towards their bearing all Fatigues yet it is not the only Cause of their Skins being so insensible that being occasion'd likewise by a strong and equal Temperament of Body for our Faces and Hands are likewise always expos'd to the Air and yet they are nothing less sensible of Cold. When the Men are Hunting chiefly in the Spring time they are almost continually in the Water and altho' it be then extreamly cold yet they nevertheless come out of it with a great deal of Indifference and so return to their Huts When they are in the Field at War they will sometimes watch three or Four days together behind a Tree without Eating to have a favourable Opportunity to offend their Enemy They are indefatigable at Hunting and will run a prodigious way and at the same time exceeding swift The People of Louisiana and about the River Meschasipi exceed the Iroquois in swiftness They have no wild Cows or Bulls but what they can overtake in a Chase. The Southern Salvages likewise altho' they live in a Hot and more delicious Country are notwithstanding no less Robust or capable of Fatigue than those of the North who sleep upon the Snow with a slight Covering about 'em and without either Fire or Huts The Constitutions of the Women are no less robust than those of the Men Nay in some respects they are better and more exact for Women here serve for Porters and have that vast strength that sew Men in Europe are able to equal They carry such Burdens that three or four of our Porters would not be able to lif● I have observed in my former Part that they commonly bear two or three Hundred weight at a time not reckoning two or three Children besides which they carry about ' em Thus Loaded they will travel Four or Five Leagues together 'T is true they walk but slow yet however they never fail to perform what they Undertake The Warlike Salvages undertake Journeys of three or four Hundred Leagues as if they were no farther than from Amsterdam to Breda They never take any Provisions for their Journey Hunting supplies that which they commonly busie themselves in every Day They take only along with 'em a Knife with which they make also Bows and Arrows These Provisions would be sufficient to serve 'em for a Thousand Miles Travel if they had occasion to go so far The Salvage Women are brought to Bed without great Pain Some of them go out of their Huts into a Neighbouring Wood all alone and there bring forth their Child which they immediately wrap up in a Skin and tie at their Backs and so return home Others if their time comes at Night deliver themselves of their Children upon the Mats without the least noise Afterwards they will presently fall to their daily labour as heartily as if nothing had ail'd ' em But what is more observable is that even while they go with Child they shall not cease to carry heavy Burthens to sow Indian Wheat and Pumpkins to come and go and the like yet what is most wonderful is That for all this their Children are strong and well shap'd seldom any crooked or ill-favour'd are to be met with among them They never have any natural Defects in their Bodies which gives me Reason to believe that their Minds might be easily disposed and brought to any thing if they were well Cultivated CHAP. XX. What Salvages are Cloathed and what not THE Salvages of the Northern America as their Ancestors Report have always gone Cloath'd even before they had any Commerce with the Europeans The Men and Women generally wore drest Skins which they also continue to this Day but those who Trade with the Europeans have over and above a Course Shirt a Cloak and Cowl in one piece of Cloath which is ty'd about their middles with a Sash and which covers them down to their Knees they have also Stockins without Feet which are commonly called Spatter-lashes and wear Shoes which are made out of Drest Skins When they return from Hunting in the Spring time they are wont to Truck their Skins with the Europeans for Coats Shoes and Stockins nay some of them wear Hats in complaisance to the Christians you shall also see 'em sometimes in their Huts wrapt up in Coverlets holding the two ends in their Hands oftentunes you shall meet with 'em almost naked having only a small flip of Cloth which reaches down only to their Knees When these Barbarians go either to the Wars or Feasts they besmear all their Faces over either with Red or Black to the end they might not discover it if they should grow pale with Fear They also colour their Hair with Red and cut it in different shapes but this is practis'd more especially among the Salvages of the North. Those of the South cut their Hair quite off or rather Burn it with Stones heated red hot in the Fire oftentimes the People of the North let their Hair hang on one side wreath'd into a kind of Bracelet and cut it quite off on t'other but this is still according to every ones Fancy There are some of these Salvages that rub their Hair all over with Oil and afterwards stick Down or small Feathers on their Heads also some of them will have great ones of several Colours But there are others that rather chuse to wear Crowns of Flowers which Crowns another sort make of Birchen-Rind or drest Skins all which nevertheless are most commonly very prettily contriv'd Thus set forth they appear take 'em all together just like several of Caesar's Soldiers who were likewise Painted with different Colours They are great Admirers of themselves in this fantastical Dress The Women of the North are cloath'd much after the same Fashion with the Men except only that they have a piece of Silk made something like a Petticoat which reaches down to their Knees When they go to Feasts they set themselves off in all their best Attire dawbing their Temples Cheeks and Tips of their Chins with three several sorts of Colours The Boys go stark naked 'till they are fit for Marriage and even then when they are cloath'd you always see what Nature forbids them to shew and that for want of Shirts The little Girls don't begin to cover their Nakedness 'till about Five or Six Years of Age and then they have only a Slip of Silk that hangs from their Reins to their Knees When we go into their Huts to instruct them we always oblige them first to cover themselves This has had a kind of good Effect upon them for now they begin to have some small Sense of their