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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	land_n	league_n	north_n	1,880	5	9.7618	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46301	An account of two voyages to New-England wherein you have the setting out of a ship, with the charges, the prices of all necessaries for furnishing a planter and his family at his first coming, a description of the countrey, natives, and creatures, with their merchantil and physical use, the government of the countrey as it is now possessed by the English, &c., a large chronological table of the most remarkable passages, from the first dicovering of the continent of America, to the year 1673 / by John Josselyn, Gent.	Josselyn, John, fl. 1630-1675.	1674 (1674)	Wing J1091; ESTC R20234	110,699	292

or fifty pounds a year and is a quarter of a mile over The River Mistick runs through the right side of the Town and by its near approach to Charles-River in one place makes a very narrow neck where stands most part of the Town the market place not far from the waterside is surrounded with houses forth of which issue two streets orderly built and beautified with Orchards and Gardens their meeting-house stands on the North-side of the market having a little hill behind it there belongs to this Town one thousand and two hundred Acres of arable four hundred head of Cattle and as many Sheep these also provide themselves Farms in the Country Up higher in Charles-River west-ward is a broad Bay two miles over into which runs Stony River and Maddy-River Towards the South-west in the middle of the Bay is a great Oyster bank towards the North-west is a Creek upon the shore is situated the village of Medford it is a mile and half from Charles-town A● the bottom of the Bay the River begins to be narrower half a quarter of a mile broad by the North-side of the R●ver is New town three miles from Charles-town a league and half by water it was first intended for a City the neatest and best compacted Town having many fair structures and handsom contrived streets the Inhabitants rich they have many hundred Acres of land paled with one common fence a mile and half long and store of Cattle it is now called Cambridge where is a Colledg for Students of late it stretcheth from Charles-River to the Southern part of Merrimach-River Half a mile thence on the same side of the Rvier is Water-town built upon one of the branches of Charles-River very fruitful and of large extent watered with many pleasant springs and small Rivulets the Inhabitants live scatteringly Within half a mile is a great pond divided between the two Towns a mile and half from the Town is a fall of fresh waters which conveigh themselves into the Ocean through Charles-River a little below the fall of waters they have a wair to catch fish wherein they take store of Basse Shades Alwives Frost fish and Smelts in two tides they have gotten one hundred thousand of these fishes They have store of Cattle and Sheep and near upon two thousand Acres of arable land Ships of small burden may come up to these Towns We will now return to Charles-town again where the River Mistick runs on the North-side of the Town that is the right side as before said where on the Northwest-side of the River is the Town of Mistick three miles from Charles-town a league and half by water a scattered village at the head of this River are great and spacious ponds full of Alewives in the spring-time the notedst place for this sort of fish On the West of this River is M●rchant Craddock's plantation where he impaled a park Upon the same River and on the North-side is the Town of Malden The next Town is Winnisimet a mile from Charles-town the River only parting them this is the last Town in the still bay of Massachusets Without Pullin-point six miles North-cast from Winnisimet is Cawgust or Sagust or Sangut now called Linn situated at the bottom of a Bay near a River which upon the breaking up of winter with a furious Torrent vents it self into the Sea the Town consists of more than one hundred dwelling-houses their Church being built on a level undefended from the North-west wind is made with steps descending into the Earth their streets are straight and but thin of houses the people most husbandmen At the end of the Sandy beach is a neck of land called Nahant it is six miles in circumference Black William an Indian Duke out of his generosity gave this to the English At the mouth of the River runs a great Creek into a great marsh called Rumney-marsh which is four miles long and a mile broad this Town hath the benefit of minerals of divers kinds Iron Lead one Iron mill store of Cattle Arable land and meadow To the North-ward of Linn is Marvil or Marble-head a small Harbour the shore rockie upon which the Town is built consisting of a few scattered houses here they have stages for fishermen Orchards and Gardens half a mile within land good pastures and Arable land Four miles North of Marble-head is situated New-Salem whose longitude is 315 degrees and latitude 42 degrees 35 minutes upon a plain having a River on the South and another on the North it hath two Harbours Winter Harbour and Summer Harbour which lyeth within Darbie's sort they have store of Meadow and Arable in this Town are some very rich Merchants Upon the Northern Cape of the Massachusets that is Cape-Aun a place of fishing is situated the Town of Glocester where the Massachusets Colony first set down but Salem was the first Town built in that Colony here is a Harbour for Ships To the North-ward of Cape-Aun is Wonasquam a dangerous place to sail by in stormie weather by reason of the many Rocks and soaming breakers The next Town that presents it self to view is Ipswich situated by a fair River whose first rise is from a Lake or Pond twenty mile up betaking its course through a hideous Swamp for many miles a Harbour for Bears it issueth forth into a large Bay where they fish for Whales due East over against the Islands of Sholes a great place of fishing the mouth of that River is barr'd it is a good haven-town their meeting-house or Church is beautifully built store of Orchards and Gardens land for husbandry and Cattle Wenham is an inland Town very well watered lying between Salem and Ipswich consisteth most of men of judgment and experience in re rustica well stored with Cattle At the first rise of Ipswich-River in the highest part of the land near the head springs of many considerable Rivers Shashin one of the most considerable branches of Merrimach River and also at the rise of Mistick River and ponds full of pleasant springs is situated Wooburn an inland-Town four miles square beginning at the end of Charles-town bounds Six miles from Ipswich North-east is Rowley most of the Inhabitants have been Clothiers Nine miles from Salem to the North is Agowamine the best and spaciousest place for a plantation being twenty leagues to the Northward of New-Plimouth Beyond Agowamin is situated Hampton near the Sea-coasts not far from Merrimach-River this Town is like a Flower-deluce having two streets of houses wheeling off from the main body thereof they have great store of salt Marshes and Cattle the land is fertil but full of Swamps and Rocks Eight miles beyond Agowamin runneth the delightful River Merrimach or Monumach it is navigable for twenty miles and well stored with fish upon the banks grow stately Oaks excellent Ship timber not interiour to our English On the South-side of Merrimach-River twelve miles from Ipswich and near upon the wide venting streams

bush-tail like a Fox and offensive Carion the Urine of this Creature is of so strong a scent that if it light upon any thing there is no abiding of it it will make a man smell though he were of Alexanders complexion and so sharp that if he do but whisk his bush which he pisseth upon in the face of a dogg hunting of him and that any of it light in his eyes it will make him almost mad with the smart thereof The Musquashes is a small Beast that lives in shallow ponds where they build them houses of earth and sticks in shape like mole-hills and feed upon Calamus Aromaticus in May they scent very strong of Muske their furr is of no great esteem their stones wrapt up in Cotten-wool will continue a long time and are good to lay amongst cloths to give them a grateful smell The Squirril of which there are three sorts the mouse-squirril the gray squirril and the flying squirril called by the Indian Assapanick The mouse-squirril is hardly so big as a Rat streak'd on both sides with bl●ck and red streaks they are mischievous vermine destroying abundance of Corn both in the field and in the house where they will gnaw holes into Chests and tear clothes both linnen and wollen and are notable nut-g●therers in August when hasel and ti●●ert nuts are ripe you may see upon every Nut-tree as many mouse-squirrils as leaves So that the u●s are gone in a trice w●ich they convey to their Drays or Nests The gray squirril is pretty large almost as big as a Conie and are very good meat in some parts of the Countrie there are many of them The flying squirril is so called because his skin being loose and large he spreads it on both sides like wings when he passeth from one Tree to another at great distance I cannot call it flying nor leaping for it is both The Mattrise is a Creature whose head and fore-parts is shaped somewhat like a Lyons not altogether so big as a house-cat they are innumerable up in the Countrey and are esteemed good furr The Sable is much of the size of a Mattrise perfect black but what store there is of them I cannot tell I never saw but two of them in Eight years space The Martin is as ours are in England but blacker they breed in holes which they make in the earth like Conies and are innumerable their skins or furr are in much request The Buck Stag and Rain-Dear are Creatures that will live in the coldest climates here they are innumerable bringing forth three Fawns or Calves at a time which they hide a mile asunder to prevent their destruction by the Wolves wild Cats Bears and Mequans when they are in season they will be very fat there are but few slain by the English The Indians who shoot them and take of them with toyls bring them in with their suet and the bones that grow upon Stags-Hearts What would you say if I should tell you that in green-Green-land there are Does that have as large horns as Bucks their brow Antlers growing downwards beyond their Musles and broad at the end wherewith they scrape away the snow to the grass it being impossible for them otherwayes to live in those cold Countries the head of one of these Does was sometime since nailed upon a signposi in Charter house-lane and these following verses written upon a board underneath it Like a Bucks-head I stand in open view And yet am none nay wonder not 't is true The living Beast that these fair horns did owe Well known to many was a Green-land Doe The proverb old is here fulfill'd in me That every like is not the same you see The Moose or Elke is a Creature or rather if you will a Monster of superfluity a full grown Moose is many times bigger than an English Oxe their horns as I have said elsewhere very big and brancht out into palms the tips whereof are sometimes found to be two fathom asunder a fathom is six feet from the tip of one finger to the tip of the other that is four cubits and in height from the toe of the fore-foot to the pitch of the shoulder twelve foot both which hath been taken by some of my sceptique Readers to be monstrous lyes If you consider the breadth that the beast carrieth and the magnitude of the horns you will be easily induced to contribute your belief And for their height since I came into England I have read Dr. Scroderns his Chymical dispensatory translated into English by Dr. Rowland where he writes that when he lived in Finland under Gustavus Horns he saw an Elke that was killed and presented to Gustavus his Mother seventeen spans high Lo you now Sirs of the Gibing crue if you have any skill in mensuration tell me what difference there is between Seventeen spans and twelve foot There are certain transcendentia in every Creature which are the indelible Characters of God and which discover God There 's a prudential for you as John Rhodes the Fisherman used to say to his mate Kitt Lux. But to go on with the Mo●se they are accounted a kind of Deer and have three Calves at a time which they hide a mile asunder too as other Deer do their skins make excellent Coats for Martial men their sinews which are as big as a mans finger are of perdurable toughness and much used by the Indians the bone that growes upon their heart is an excellent Cordial their bloud is as thick as an Asses or Bulls who have the thickest bloud of all others a man the thinnest To what age they live I know not certainly a long time in their proper climate Some particular living Creatures cannot live in every particular place or region especially with the same j●y and felicity as it did where it was first br●d for the certain agreement of nature that is between the place and the thing bred in that place As appeareth by Elephants which being translated and brought out of the Second or Third Climate though they may live yet will they never ingender or bring forth young So for plants Birds c. Of both these Creatures some few there have been brought into England but did not long continue Sir R. Baker in his Chronicle tells us of an Elephant in Henry the Thirds R●ign which he saith was the first that was ever seen there which as it seems is an error unless he restrain it to the Norman's time For Mr. Speed writeth that Claudius Drusius Emperour of Rome brought in the first in his Army the bones of which digg'd up since are taken for Gyants bones As for the Moose the first that was seen in England was in King Charles the First Raign thus much for these magnals amongst the Creatures of God to be wondered at the next beast to be mentioned is The Maurouse which is somewhat like a Moose but his horns are but small and himself about the size of a Stag

so conclude Alepore Albicore Barracha Barracontha Blew-fish Bull-head Bur-fish Cat-fish Cony-fish Cusk Clam Rock-Cod Sea-Cod divers kinds of Crabs Sea-Cucumber Cunner Sea-Darts or Javelins Flail-fish Flounder or Flowke Flying-fish several kinds Sea-Flea Grandpisse Hake Haddock Horse-foot Hallibut Hen-fish Lampre Limpin Lumpe Maid Monk-fish Sea-mullet Nun-fish Perch Polluck Periwinele Pike Pilas-fish Plaice Porpisse Prawne Purple-fish Porgee Remora Sea-Raven Sail-fish Scallop Scare Stingray Sculpin Shadd Spurlin Sheath-fish Smelt Shrimps Sprates Star-fish Sword-fish Thornback Turbet The Vlatife or saw-fish Sea-Vrchin Sea-Vnichorn The fish are swum by and the Serpents are creeping on terrible creatures carrying stings in their tails It will smart worse than a Satyrs whip though it were as big as Mr. Shepperds the mad Gentleman at Milton-Mowhrayes Constantinus Lasculus The chief or Captain of these is the Rattle-snake described already in my Journal in some places of the Countrey there are none as at Plimouth New-town Nahant and some other places they will live on one side of the River and but swimming over and coming into the woods dye immediately The fat of a Rattle-snake is very Soveraign for frozen limbs bruises lameness by falls Aches Sprains The heart of a Rattle-snake dried and pulverized and drunk with wine or beer is an approved remedy against the biting and venome of a Rattle-snake Some body will give me thanks for discovering these secrets and the rest Non omnibus omnia conveniunt The Snake of which there are infinite numbers of various colours some black others painted with red yellow and white some again of a grass-green colour powdered all over as it were with silver dust or Muscovie-glass But there is one sort that exceeds all the rest and that is the Check-quered snake having as many colours within the checkquers shaddowing one another as there are in a Rainbow There are two sorts of snakes the land-snake and the water-snake the water-snake will be as big about the belly as the Calf of a mans leg I never heard of any mischief that snakes did they kill them sometimes for their skins and bones to make hatbands off their skins likewise worn as a Garter is an excellent remedie against the cramp I have found of the skins that they cast in woods in some quantity they cast not their very skins but only the superfluous thin skin that is upon the very skin for the very skin is basted to the flesh so Lobsters and Crabs The Earth-worm these are very rare and as small as a horse hair but there is a Bug that lyes in the earth and eateth the seed that is somewhat like a Maggot of a white colour with a red head and is about the bigness of ones finger and an inch or an inch and half long There is also a dark dunnish Worm or Bug of the bigness of an Oaten-straw and an inch long that in the spring lye at the Root of Corn and Garden plants all day and in the night creep out and devour them these in some years destroy abundance of Indian Corn and Garden plants and they have but one way to be rid of them which the English have learnt of the Indians And because it is somewhat strange I shall tell you how it is they go out into a field or garden with a Birchen-dish and spudling the earth about the roots for they lye not deep they gather their dish full which may contain about a quart or three pints then they carrie the dish to the Sea-side when it is ebbing-water and set it a swimming the water carrieth the dish into the Sea and within a day or two if you go into your field you may look your eyes out sooner than find any of them Sow-bugs or Millipedes there be good store but none of that sort that are blew and turn round as a pea when they are touched neither are there any Beetles nor Maple-bugs but a stinking black and red Bug called a Cacarooch or Cockroach and a little black Bug like a Lady-cow that breeds in skins and furrs and will eat them to their utter spoil Likewise there be infinite numbers of Tikes hanging upon the bushes in summer time that will cleave to a mans garments and creep into his Breeches eating themselves in a short time into the very flesh of a man I have seen the stockins of those that have gone through the woods covered with them Besides these there is a Bug but whether it be a Native to the Countrie or a stranger I cannot say Some are of opinion that they are brought in by the Merchant with Spanish goods they infest our beds most all day they hide themselves but when night comes they will creep to the sleeping wretch and bite him worse than a flea which raiseth a swelling knub that will itch intolerably if you scratch it waxeth bigger and growes to a scab and if you chance to break one of the Bugs it will stink odiously they call them Chinches or Wood-lice they are fat red and in shape like a Tike and no bigger There are also Palmer-worms which is a kind of Catterpiller these some years will devour the leaves of Trees leaving them as naked almost as in winter they do much harm in the English Orchards Of Snails there are but few and those very little ones they lye at the Roots of long grass in moist places and are no where else to be found Spiders and Spinners there be many the last very big and of several colours The Pismire or Ant must not be forgotten accounted the least Creature and by Salomon commended for its wisdom Prov. 30.24.25 Q●atuor ista parva sunt humilia tamen sunt sap●entia apprime sapientia formi●a populus infirmus quae comparant eastate cibumsuum c. There are two sorts red Ants and black Ants both of them are many times sound winged not long since they were poured upon the Sands out of the clouds in a storm betwixt Black-point and Saco where the passenger might have walkt up to the Ankles in them The Grashopper is innum●rable and bigger by much than ours in England having Tinsel-wings with help whereof they will flye and skip a great way Next to these in number are your Crickets a man can walk no where in the summer but he shall tread upon them The Italian who hath them cryed up and down the streets Grille che cantelo and buyeth them to put into his Gardens if he were in New-England would gladly be rid of them they make such a dinn in an Evening I could never discover the Organ of their voice they have a little clift in their Crown which opens and at the same instant they shake their wings The Est or Swift in New-England is a most beautiful Creature to look upon being larger than ours and painted with glorious colours but I lik'd him never the better for it Frogs too there are in ponds and upon dry land they chirp like Birds in the spring and latter end of summer