Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	island_n	point_n	west_n	1,388	5	9.7281	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14624	The mariners mirrour wherin may playnly be seen the courses, heights, distances, depths, soundings, flouds and ebs, risings of lands, rocks, sands and shoalds, with the marks for th'entrings of the harbouroughs, havens and ports of the greatest part of Europe: their seueral traficks and commodities: together wth. the rules and instrume[n]ts of navigation. First made & set fourth in diuers exact sea-charts, by that famous nauigator Luke Wagenar of Enchuisen and now fitted with necessarie additions for the use of Englishmen by Anthony Ashley. Heerin also may be understood the exploits lately atchiued by the right Honorable the L. Admiral of Engla[n]d with her Maties. nauie and some former seruices don by that worthy knight Sr. Fra: Drake.; Spieghel der zeevaerdt. English	Waghenaer, Lucas Janszoon, 1534 or 5-1606.; Ashley, Anthony, Sir, 1551-1628.; Bry, Theodor de, 1528-1598, engraver.; Hondius, Jodocus, 1563-1612, engraver.; Ryther, Augustine, engraver.	1588 (1588)	STC 24931; ESTC S122236	118,075	186

Red poynt lieth a great white rocke when you haue brought this rocke right ouer the Black poynt you are harde abourde the Blinde rocke that lieth thwart the Channell of Dartmouth yet neerer to the East-ward But when you come to discerne the Kay of the towne that standeth on the East-side of the Hauen keepe amidst the channell vntill you may perfectly see the same then hale inwardes vntill you are within the two Castles standyng on the hauens side and you shall go cleere of the Rocke The hauen is wide within you may turne westward and let fal anker before the towne or the Brew-houses where you list Three leagues East-ward from thence is the road of Torbay which is very salfe for a South-west winde you may likewise anker on the East-side of the start where is good anker holde in 8. or 9. fathā Foure leagues to the Northward of Torbay lyeth the bay of Tynmouth a salfe harborough for a South winde where is also good ground for ankering in 7. or 8. fatham If you come out of the west into Portland road holde on two cables length off alongst Porteland shoare and hauing past the poynt turne westwardes till you come to the castell where is good road against a South and South and by East winde at 7. or 8. fatham Northwarde of Portland lieth a litle bard hauen called VVeymouth where you may anker at 4. or 5. fatham If you will ride vnder S. Aldomes Land shun the Needles of Shipmans poole and so saile into the town which at a low water you haue ankeryng at 3. fatham These Portes yeeld almost nothing els but wooll and clothe the inhabitantes doe liue chiefly vpon grazyng A DESCRIPTION OF THE Sea coastes of England Betweene Plymmouth Portland with the cheefest hauens thereof according vnto theire Situation A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES BETVVEENE THE Isle of Wight and Douer TO goe in at the west end of Wight you must looke well to the tide for the flood sets very sore vpon the Needles and the ebbe likewise westwarde vpon the Shingels and Chalkie Rockes which lie westwardes of the Needles and it is very narrow between the Needles and the Shingels wherfore saile directly with the Needles very neere them and keepe the inner poynt of the Isle right without the Needles And when you are so come within the Needles beare somewhat off the Island between the Chesell the Isles poynte because of the Rockes called the VVardens which lie on VVight-side neare the shore then turninge Eastward ouer against Calshorte you must cast anker in 7. or 8. fatham But if you will enter at the East ende of VVight keepe the Castle right against the Lime-kil that lies aboue Portesmouth vntil that Culuer cliffe come within the point of the I le for then shall you haue brought the Lyme-kill to the east end of Portesmouth which you must so holde vntill the Castle which standeth to the westward of Portesmouth doo appeare on the East side of the wood and then plie sometimes towards Sainct Helens Abbey keepyng your markes in this sorte you shall take no hurt on the Shoaldes or Sandes But if you cannot see the Limekill then shall you keepe the Castle on the west-side of Culuer cliffe vntill you haue brought S. Helens church with out the poynt of the Island a shippes length Then may you freely sayle Northwest vp without any daunger of the Riffe or tayle-sand that lieth out Then keepe the square Towre between the East ende of Portesmouth and the Castle vntill you may see the Castle which standeth on the west-side of Portesmouth Eastward of the wood and so may you goe inwardes The marks of these Shoalds and Flats are these viz. The Castle standinge Eastwards of Portesmouth and the square towre wherof I haue now treated VVhen you haue brought the Lymekill so much to the Eastward of the Castle that you may but see betwixt thē then are you vpon a litle shoald which at low water hath 5. fatham and a halfe and then haue you the Castle that standeth on the west ende of Portesmouth at the west corner of the wood But when the square towre that standeth by East of Portesmouth is brought westward of the Castle then the Castle by west of Portesmouth standeth at the woods west ende You haue there at high water 6. fatham And when the square towre is seen betwen the East end of Portsmouth and the Castle and the Castle standeth right betwixt the Limekill and the towre likewise when the Castle on the west end of Portesmouth standeth to the Eastwarde of the wood then haue you 11. fatham at high water But when the Limekill and Portesmouth towre are one the castle beareth westward of the wood then haue you 10. fatham at high water and lastly when S. Helen lieth south west and by west from you then the South east ende of the shoald beareth North east and by north from you Three leagues Eastward of VVeenbridge lieth Arundel which is a bard hauen at half flood .2 fatham deepe you must go in by the west coast and let fall your anker before the towne in .5 fatham Foure leagues from Arundell standeth Nevv Shoram The East side therof hath a grauelly Chesell where alongest you may sayle in and in the entrie you haue .3 fathā water at half flood in the midst before the hauen lie rockes vnder water The entrie on the west side is wide and broad and is at halfe flood 2. fatham deepe the hauen is large and broade within where you may anker in 4. or 5. fatham If you will sayle into the Cammer of Rye shape your course alongst the Shingels and when you shal be a Cables length of the poynt of the Shingels turne vp towards the Castle of VVinchelzey leauing all the shore or shoald markes on your starbord then let fall your Anker in the Riuer of Rie called the Rother at 4. or 5. fatham for the Cammer where in times past we were wonte to lie is now fowle full of shoaldes These countries yeeld litle else but wooll Clothe and Fier-wood which are transported from thence THE SEA COASTES OF ENGLAND betweene the I le of Wight Douer with the principal hauens thereof according to their situation and Appearing * HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE THE SECOND PART OF THE MARINERS MIRROVR conteining in diuers perfect plots sea charts boeth the Northern and Eastern NAVIGATION VIZ. From the Streights between Douer and Callis the coastes of England Scotland Norway Emdenyutland A with all the sounds of Denmark the Baltick sea unto Wiburgh and the Name With their particular descriptions trafiks and commodities A PERFECT DESCRIPTION AND POVRTRAICT OF THE CHIEFEST PART OF England viz. of Thames the riuer of London and of all the sandes bankes flattes and shoaldes vnto Harwich IF you come from the West and will passe within the Goodwin to the foreland first shape your course North north-east

trust to these measures At the North Hooke of Texel land may be seene at 16. fatham depth Holland is seene at 14. or 15. fath water when you sayle within the shoald called the breede Veerthiene which beginneth at the Northwest of Harlem and stretcheth alongst the coast of Holland to the west ende of Vliland and is 7. or 8. leagues distant from the shoare The soundinges and groundes of Iutland neere the poynt of the Cimbrians commonly called Schagen or Schaw A Great league west and by North from the schavv is 35. fatham depth North northeast a great league of the corner of this poynt is found 38. fatham depth And when the poynt is northwest from you then you haue 17. fatham water Betweene this poynt and Lesou the chanell is 20. fath deep and the ground like clay or dirt Betwixt Anhout and VVaersberg in the middest of the Channell is 22. fatham water Betweene Lesou and Anhout the ground is firme and stony neere VVaersbergh is a shoald of 17. fatham depth Betweene Anhout and Col is another shoald of 17. fatham where sometimes it is troublesome like a whirepoole The depths and grounds of the Balthic or Easterne seas BEtweene Oeland and Gothland the soundinges are vnequall sometimes of 20. sometimes of 23. fath the ground of blacke and stony grosse sand like vnto Peas VVhen the South end of Oeland is two leagues distant from you westwardes you haue 27. fatham water where also you may commodiously gage water But when the chappell in Sudernoorden beareth west Northwest off you then haue you 31. fatham depth and ground fit to gage water Ouer against the rocke in the faire way is 52. fatham and a claye ground but fit for gaging Betweene the greater and lesser Carla you haue 14. fath depth vnder which is safe road for ships There is a shoald betweene Houburg Ostergard contayning 24. fath depth the ground is great red sand but hardly from thence can you ken Gothland out of the top There is also to the Eastward another shoald of 36. fath depth which when you are past you haue more then 40. fatham water VVhen the poynt of Righ is 3. leagues Southeast from you then haue you 30. fatham depth but when it is from you halfe a league South south-easterly you haue 15. fatham the ground is white sand But when it beareth west a small league from you then you shall finde 16. fatham water Ouer against Heel halfe a league from the shoare it is almost 32. fatham deepe The roade for shippes at Heel hath 25. fatham depth Betweene Moane and Falsterborn is 14. fatham depth Betweene sted and Falsterborn in the very chanell it is but 12. fath deepe neere Falsterborn it is full of shoaldes but neere Sted you haue 13. fatham water Betweene Drakerriff and Southolmen which is more shoaldie there is 5. fatham depth wanting two foote From thence towardes the Sound it is sometime deeper as 6. 7. 8. 9. or 10. fatham A DESCRIPTION AND POVRTRAICT OF THE GREATEST PARTE OF THE SEACOASTES OF EVROPE FOr asmuch as these particular Sea Chartes which I haue set foorth of the Westerne Eastern and Northern Nauigation with the rest which I hope hereafter at the first opportunitie to publish haue their originall and beginnyng from this generall Charte of the Sea Coasts of Europe wherin you may playnly perceaue how the particular Countries are annexed and ioyned eache to other and euery one of them in his right place distance poynt of compas degrees minutes c. I haue therefore thought necessary to place this generall table or pourtraict at the very beginnyng of this booke before all the rest to th' end you may thereby the better seeke and finde out the particulars obseruynge th' order and methode of this booke Thinkynge it needelesse to make any larger discourse thereof for the vse of Saylyng Consideryng that the particular descriptions with their Charts being taken out of this generall and enlarged do very sufficiētly teache shew bothe the countries themselues their commodities so they be rightly examined accordyng to the true art of Nauigation employinge therewithall such necessarie instruments as appertayne therevnto A SHORTE INSTRVCTION OF THE FORME AND fashion of Buyes Beakons and other markes c. which are set for Shoaldes Sandes or hidden Rockes as they are marked in the particular Chartes of the Fliestreame Eemse Weeser the Elue Meersdiep and the Mase VPpon all the Riuers and Streames of Holland Friesland and Zeland the Buyes at the vpper ende are rounde and great and at the lower end small and sharpe like vnto this marke 1 being made blacke with Pitche or Tar lying for the moste parte vppon the right hande in Saylinge out on the lefthand in commyng in And on th' other side for sandes flats shoaldes do commonly stand the Beakons and other higher and more apparant marks made of Oasyers after this manner 2 that they may bee the farther of perceaued And where there is danger of poincts of Rockes Sandes shoaldes that stande out there are that you may shunne them white Tunnes or Buyes made after this fashion which do alwayes he vpon the contrary side of the foresaid black buyes The eye markes whereby you may assuredly finde these buyes and other markes are sufficiētly declared in the description before eache Charte But you must vnderstand that the Buyes and markes are herein noted as they weare Anno. 1582. Moreouer because the depthes and channels of the Riuers do yerely shift and chaunge their places both by reason of the vncertaintie and instabilitie of the sandie groundes and for that the entringes and mouthes of the Riuers do dayly waxe wider broder therfore these streames are to be tried by soundyng and to be sayled in with skilfull and experienced Pilots maisters The lande markes placed at the entries of Riuers I haue for streightnes of roome marked thus But where there is false roade grounde fit for Ankering I haue set downe this forme of an Anker The Figures which are placed in al Hauēs Riuers Streames Channels aswell in the mayne sea as elswhere vpō al the shoaldes Sandes Rockes do signifie the depth of the places as 1. 2. 3. 10. 12. Fatham so forth which is alwaies to be vnderstoode at half flood or ebbe The litle Crosses marked in this manner † alonge the Coastes neare Islandes and elswhere betoken hidden and daungerous Rockes of which you must carefully beware And where the double crosses are there lye greater Rockes couered with the water These markes in the Chartes are made thus A Generall Carde discription of the Sea Coastes of Europa and nauigation in this booke conteyned Semper eadem HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE SPQR Judocus Hondius fe A TRVE DESCRIPTION OF THE VLIE AND THE MARSDEEP TWO OF the notablest Riuers of all Holland from the Northern vnto the Southerne sea HE that will sayle from the North sea vp to Amsterdam or

little hauen called Quirins which on the west side is full of rockes but on the East side faire and good to enter at Three leagues from Quirin lieth the Cape of Ortegall where also standeth a Castle neere which you haue safe roade for a west and a Southwest wind This countrey yeeldeth great plentie of the best wynes of Ribadeos aswell red as claret and likewise aboundance of Orenges Apples Peares Chessenuttes and other fruites all which are both comfortable and wholsome for mans body THE SEA COASTES of Gallicia from Cape of Auiles vnto Ortegal A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF CORVNNA CALLED THE GROYNE FEROLES and Monsej the cheefest portes of Gallicia THe hauen of Siguera beareth three dutche leagues South westward from Ortegall it stretcheth inward South east and is a good Porte the Southside thereof hath a low point and is good but the Northside is all rockie and fowle gound You must anker before you come to the village of Siguera Foure dutche leagues westwarde from thence lieth Cape de Prior which reacheth out into the sea Two dutch leagues farther southward you haue the hauen of Feroles vpon the northside therof are 2. or 3. sandie Bayes of which the most Southerly is the greatest whervpon do stande a house or two when you are come nigh the house then appeareth vnto you somewhat Southerly the hauen of Feroles where you may sayle in at the middest of the water and beynge cleare of the North corner geuynge it a little bieth anker in the Channell at 12. fatham for before the village it self it is flat and rockie The south poynt of Feroles stretcheth far outward and is full of rockes you may set out from Feroles to Corunna South and South and by East vntill you be somwhat within the towre which standeth vpon a round Hill or Cliffe Then shall you see on the starborde side a litle Island wherein standeth a litle Church called S. Blase hale alonge a Cables length of it and anker before the towne at 6. or 7. fatham If you will runne into the Channell of Coruna from the Island Cyzarga called by the Fleminges Caesarea you must shape your course East south east about 5. leagues vntill you are within sight of the towre which standeth on the west coast of the lande for then shall you keepe 4. or 5. Cables length of the shore and may holde on your course in the Chanel right South east 4. or 5. leagues and beinge past Corunna may cast anker at Fontenne or Pytance on the west side vnder a rew of Rockes at 10. or 12. fatham water And ouer agaynst Corunna East north east standeth a cittie called Puente de Mas where you may also anker at 10. or 12. fatham There haue you likewise on the northside a rew of Rockes and ouer the Riuer a great Bridge There lieth an Hauen called Queres South south west and South and by west of the Island Cyzarga whose entrie is fayre after you are entred you must turne in westward a great half league and may anker there at 8. or 9. fatham in the channell Seuen dutch leagues westward of Cyzarga lieth the east poynt of Monsei or C. de Bellem neare which you may sayle to Monsei South south east and Southeast and by south If you wil come in thither from the west keepe the cape of Corrian called the Groyne without Cape de conde two ships lengths vntil you may see Marikerke which stands on the westside cleare without Monsei poynt Continue your course towardes Marykerke through the channel south east and anker behinde the Rokes before the towne at 8. or 9. fatham Yet shall you not saile into Monsei before Marykerke be seene without the poynt of Monsei There you may likewise anker on the Northside of the hauen at 6. or 7. fatham On the Southside of the towne of Monsei there is a Bay before which lieth a shoald East north east about two cables length thwart the hauen Marykerke lieth from Monsei North and by East but it lieth East North east from the Shingles VVhen you come from Sea if Marykerke be from you South east you may enter at the west side of the rockes the rocks lie from Monsei South west and by south but the inner end of the rockes beareth South and by west The Cape de Finisterre and Monte Lauro lie from eache other South east and North west and the Rockes betwixt them beare South south east There is a Bay betweene the Capes of Finisterre and Corrian where eastward of the great Rocke you may anker before the sandie Bay at 6. or 7. fatham A litle dutch league to the Eastward of Finisterre beareth the hauen of Corcouia which the Fleminges call Corco baiona It stretcheth inwards to the North where you may cast anker in the channel at the sandy Bay in 8. or 9. Fatham These Coastes or Portes do yelde like Marchandises and Fruites as the aforesayd coastes of Riba deos c. They take besides at certaine seasons euery yeare a wonderfull great quantitie of whales to their great profit and commoditie The mappe ' of the sea coastes of Galicia and of Octugall Vntill you bee paste the Cape of Finisterre Euen as it is scituated and as it appeereth When you comme sailinge alongst Out of the Spannishe Sea A TRVE DECLARATION OF THE SEA COASTES OF GALLITIA FROM the Cape de Finisterre beyonde Camino IF you will sayle into Muros or Moores set Montelauro called Mounteluer Northeast and by East from you holde then on towardes Montelauro and you shall go cleare of the Rockes that he on both sides but borow most of the south side because that is the salfest But when you come neare Montelauro you shall see many high Rockes which you must leaue on the larebord side three cables length and so go in South south east of Montelauro you haue a blinde Rocke in the middest of the Channell which you must leaue on the starbord side But when the Towne that lieth in Northwards of Montelauro cometh full open vnto you then are you past this blinde Rocke which lieth South and by East somwhat more Easterly of the East ende of the towne You must shunne the first poynt within Montelauro two Cables length of and hauyng past the other poynt beare in Northwardes to the towne which is on the starbord side The citie Muros standeth on the west side of the hauen where you may anker at .12 or .13 fatham But if you will enter the Riuer of Roxo you must set Southwarde without the cape of Muros for there are many rockes stretching out into the sea on the Northside of the hauen of Roxo which you cannot saile between VVherefore holde on till you be south of the great rocke and hauing left all the rockes on your Larebordside or to the seawards continue your course between the firme lande and the rocke vntill you may see the hauen open before you Then must you passe vp in the middest of

buy is right against Bilenburghe in the midst of the Channell and there haue you also an other buy Now kéepe on south south-east from Rugerorie to the buy vppon Stadersand leauing the buy on the starboord and the Fishers stakes on the larboord side from thence to the buy in the Channell called Willern● Vliet or Luy south-east and south-east and by south and so to the buy of Terloo east southeast and from thence hold east-ward to the buy in Hanneball but from Hanneball you must plie towardes the buy vppon the shoald called Blanckenewsand east and east and by north kéepe this buy aunswering to the great trée vpon Blancknewsand haling northward alongst the shoare to the fyshing place and from thence edge south-east to the buy that lieth vpon Bucht so to Ecchour east by north and where you haue 3. or 4. fa water as your course lieth The Elue hath xiiii or xv fa. without the Channell and a little from Scorton buy lieth Honts balch stretching inwards for the most part south south-east and south and by east to the Beacons which stand on the west side but without it is wide large and serueth for smal Vessels to passe by the shoald called Wadt into the Weser Betwéene the Weser Honts balch are two other Roades called Balgen If you be distrest about the southerne shoalds called Sudergronden saile to them in fiue or sixe fa. water after hale alongst by them but when you shall haue found a greater depth viz. viii or ix fa. and that you gage water you are come to the other shoalde They lie both inwards east south-east and all the shoares may be sounded vntill you haue a safe Roade within the shoaldes The southerne or westerne shoald called Breebalge lieth a kenning from the Newe worke If you will saile into the Weeser shape your course towardes the Islande called Wrangeroaghe in vii fatham water then edge north-east till you haue x. or xi fatham depth where lieth the vttermost buy north north-west of Menser Church and at the outermost part or end of Red sand From thence hold on to the fift buy eastward which lieth at the head of the Red sand and north and by east of Menser Church on the north side therof beginneth the middle shoald called the Midleplate betwéene which and the white grounds you may passe with your plummet in foure fatham water to goe to the Elue for the shoaldes called white ground are but thrée or foure fatham déepe The flood sets into this Channell or course by the Red sand southeast and the eb contrariwise from the buy at the head of the shoald to the buy that lieth in the maine Channell or way south-east and south-east and by south And in the same way lieth also an other buy and the course from the true deepth to the buy called Nolletton is south east somewhat more easterly and this buy lieth at the ende of the high way called the Hoogs wegh And from thence to the buy in Bolsserfile south-east a little more southerly from thence to the wicker marke called the Bolbaecken south south-east which being past you shal finde an other Beakon where you haue good harborough for a west winde From the marke called Bolbaecken to the buy in the open Channell set south-east more easterly or from the other sayd marke east south-east and south-east and by east That buy lieth north north-east of Longworde Church And the Boelbaecken beareth northward of the same Church your course from the first buy of this shoald to the next lieth east south-east south-east and by east and it is at the end or foote of Cappelmans sand you may passe on the west side of it in two fa. a half at halfe flood Betwéene these buyes are two or thre Beakons which you must leaue on the larboord you may saile from the innermost buy of the shoald by Cappelmans sand toward Waddens south-east and south south-east then alongst the west shoare to Blixen where is the Roade for ships that goe out But if you goe to the Wester Weser called Iaa hold on towards the Island Wrangeroghe in foure or fiue fatham water and saile in eastward till you are past the said Island where you haue the first buy at the point of Steenbalge shoald which you may saile in by at thrée or foure fatham water where also Mensser Church standeth south from you from thence set east south-east to the second and third buyes east and by south from thence lieth a buy called Iaa tunne from hence you may almost perceiue an other buy in Weeser Channell north and north and by east From the buy vppon the shoalde called Mensser-olde-ort to Scollich-ort or Huick-syll kéepe south and south and by west but from Huick-syll alongst the west shoare south and south and by east and from Huick-syll to Sypkes sand east south-east and south-east and by south you may saile by the shoald of Sypkessand but holde alongst the east shoare till you come to the passage then turne westward and let fall anker it is there large and wide and full of little Islands inwards The worst depth of the Iaa is of thrée fatham But if you will into Harle déepe set towards the Island Spickerooges in thrée or foure fatham where you shall enter eastward and there you haue the outmost buy from whence you may goe to the next east and east and by south where at halfe floode is two fatham depth and a little after you are past this other buy there lieth a shoalde which you may passe by on both sides and your course then lieth south south-west and otherwhile more southerly to Fouksyle There lieth out from the west point of the Islande Spikerooghe a Riffe saile in on the southside of that Riffe at the entry called Ossebalche alongst the Island called Langerooche in thrée or foure fatham but in the very enttry within the ryffe you haue onely two fatham water but when you are come to the farthest part of the Isle Langerooche beare towards the riffe for betwéene that and the shoald is 7. or 8. fatham water when you are cleere off the should hold on south-east then towards the Wester Wadt more east and south south-east The enter course and traffique of these Coastes and Hauens is of many sundry kindes of merchandises as Sope Ashes wheate Rie and Barlie They yéelde also salt and dry Mydes sawed Boards Timber Pitch Tarre Hamborough Beare Tallow c. And many other commodities But the chéefest and principall Marte of these Contries is Hamboroughe A DESCRIPTION OF THE Sea coastes of Eyder Ditmerstet a part of Jeuerland with the Riuers of Wese Elue Eyder Heuer and other entrees sandes and shoaldes lienge alongest thes sea coaste of Germany A MOST EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTS OF FRISELAND WITH the riuers of Weser and Emes and of Scholbalch IF you will sayle into the Weser shape your course towardes the Isle of VVrangerough in 9. fatham but

take heede of the wester VVeser which goeth in neere the Island of VVrangerough From hence holde on Northeast vntill you come to the first Buy and then will Menset beare South Southeast from you Menser church that standeth in Vrovv land is square and hath no steeple your right course from the first Buy to the fift lieth for the moste part East and East and by North. And when you are come to the fift Buy Menser will stand to your sight South Southwest Then goe South southeast to the Buy that lieth vpon the Maller and from thence to the Buy in the channell Southeast and so forward to the Buy that lyeth in Bolsersyle Southeast and by south and being past it conde towardes the South coast where you haue two beacons and safe harborough for a west wind And you may turne ouer into the riuer of Iad by the poynt of the red sand for there lyeth a Buy betweene the faire way and the red sand If you will sayle into East Eames it stretcheth in alongest by Borckomfriff East Southeast wherefore if you come from the East bring the Tower of Borckom South and by East from you and goe in towardes Borckoms shoare in 4. or 5. fatham then hale so alongest the shore till the tower be South southwest from you Then turne vp towards Iayst for you are cleere of the Riff so that you cannot strike vpon the same And when you are past the East end of borckom called Hooghen horne you finde high sandes on both sides and on the west side stand beacons where you may sayle in from beacon to beacon for so long as Norden Tower and the Island come not together you incurre no danger in the East Eams but when that Tower is one with the Isle of bant you meete with a bancke or shoald called Kings-platt wherefore keepe alongst the west shoare from beacon to beacon to Pelsommer shoald and you shall go safe But if you will beare in with the wester Emes bring the Island called the Bosch south and by East and the west ende of Rottom Southeast from you the shoare marks in one sayle in so to the first Buy where it is 6. fatham deepe from thence to the second Buy East and East and by North which lieth at low water in 4. fatham and so forward to the third Buy Eastward where you haue at low water 5. fatham and from thence holde on to the other two Buyes East and by South where it is 6. fatham deepe and sometime more as 7. or 8. fatham vntill you come vnto Hubets shoald and keepe then most alongst by the Riff to Borckom East southeast from borckom vnto the Ranzeel South East and by East and from Ranzeel to the Buy that lieth vpō the shoald called Ruyd East Southeast On the west side of it stand 3. beacons from that Buy towardes Eamshorne set East Southeast where are two beacons betwixt but when you are past Emes-horne hold on sometimes Southeast South southeast South and at last South south west towards Groninger land thorow the straights where also vpon the west shoare you haue three beacons from thence hale alongst neere the coasts of Groninger southeast and East southeast that you may goe cleere of the shoald called Paep which lieth opposit to Delfsyll and appeareth aboue water at a low ebbe And when you haue gotten Fermsum crosse ouer towardes Knock least you strike on the shoald called Riddersant And then must you keep alongst the coast of Eamden two cables length off to Loegen By Knock is the road for ships that go out But if you will saile into Scholbalch you find two Buyes in the very entrie which stretcheth inwardes by the shoald called Peerdemart Bring the shoare markes of the Island Schirmonick-ooghe in one and sayle alongst the sayd shoald from the first Buy to the second vntill you are hard abord Schirmenick-oogh Then enter in South southwest and turne vp southward and at the last south southeast to the banck And so run thorow the channell toward Groningh southeast and towardes Dockum south There lieth also an entrie on the Eastside which stretcheth in southwest alongest the Island schirmonicke-ooghe vntill you are past the beacons of scholbalch And by the schelling runneth in boren diep where you haue 3. or 4. fatham water fayle in leauing Boren Riff on your Larbord for the most part East and East southeast to the coast of Ameland The traffique of these countries is not very great some corne is transported from the VVeser and good store of bremer beere crooked wood and like things out of Oudenburgh where Breme is the chiefest tower The greatest entercourse by sea is at Emden but such aboundance of Butter Cheese Bacon Barley Beanes Pease and such like merchandise is transported from Gronighe and Frisland as sufficeth for the substance almost of all the low countries and Germaine to the great benefit and commoditie of the inhabitantes A DESCRIPTION OF the Sea ●coastes of East Frysland with all their bankes Sandes and bekons

leag 10 From Sckagen to the Trindell S.E. and by E. leag 7 From the Trindell of Lesou vnto Anout s.e. leag 8 From Anout to Col. South southeast leag 9 From Col to Aselyn on Zealand in Den-marcke south west and by west leag 8 From Aselyn to Steuens head w. N.w. leag 14 From Falsterboner riffe to VVitmont s.e. by s. lea 14 From Steden to Bornholme E. and by S. leag 16 From Bornholm to Reefcol east and by north leag 20 From Bornholm to Coolsberghe south-east leag 10 From Bornholm vnto the Rocke north n.e. leag 15 From Bornholm to Houbourgh n.e. leag 38 From Houbourgh to Rygs head south and N. leag 28 From Houbourgh vnto the VVindou E.N.E. leag 26 From Oostergarde vnto the VVindou E. w. leag 20 From the VVindou to Dageroort N. E by n. leag 28 Frō Dageroort vnto the Gotsche sand n e. by n. lea 18 From Dageroort vnto the Vieu N.w. by N. leag 10 From the Gotsche sand to Bouschaer N. by E. leag 15 From Marien vnto Elsenuos N.N.E. leag 14 THE COVRSES OF FRISLAND IVTland Pomeren Courland and Lyffland FRom Maers deepth in Holland to Bornriff n.e. lea 10 From Bornriff to VVrangherooch E.N.E. leag 26 From VVrangherooch to Holy land north leag 5 From holy land vnto the Riuer of Elue southeast and by east leag 6 From Holy land to the Riuer of Eyder East and by North. leag 6 From Holy land vnto Rypen Northeast and by North. leag 12 From Rypen vnto Bouenbergh N. n.w. leag 25 From Bouenberghe to Holmen N. N. E. leag 6 From Holmen vnto Robbenknuyt northeast leag 8 From Robbenknuyt to Sckaghen north n.e. leag 9 From Sckaghen vnto Zebay south by w. leag 6 From Zebay vnto Hals s and by w. leag 5 From Hals vnto Steuens-head s. s. E. leagues 5 From Steuens-head to the great Helm s.s.w. leag 6 From the great Helm vnto wero s.s. E. leag 3 From wero vnto Bolsack s. s. w. leag 3 From Bolsack to Sproo s. s. E. leag 8 From Sproo vnto Longh-land s. E. leag 3 From Longh-land vnto Lalants haeck or hoocke south and North. leagues 7 From thence vnto Femeren s. E. leagues 4 From the Isle of Femeren to the Rae of Lubeck south south west leagues 8 From Rae to Crycer-oort N. E and s. w. lea 4 From Cruyceroort vnto Robbenes northeast and by East leag 12 From Robbenes to VVitmont n. E and by E. leag 8 From VVitmont to Iasmont s. E. and by E. leag 2 From Iasmont to the Paert s. s. e. leag 2 From the Paert vnto Colsberghe E. n. e. leag 12 From Colsberghe vnto Garshooft or head north east and by north leagues 10 From Garshead vnto Reefcol E.N.E. leag 4 Frō Reefcol vnto the Risschehooft or head E.n.c. lea 12 From Rishe●● vnto Heel s.e. leag 6 From Heel vnto the VVissel of Danzick s. by w. lea 4 Frō thence to Conincxberghe deepth n. E. by E. lea 10 From thence to the Memel n. N.E. leag 12 From the Memel to Zeuenberghe n.n.w. leag 8 From Zeuenberow vnto the VVindou N. by E. lea 14 From the VVindou vnto Lyseroert N.E. by E. leag 4 From Lyseroert to Domsnes E.N.E. leag 8 From Domsnes vnto Runen E. and w. leag 6 From Runen vnto Rygh S.E. leag 12 From Rygh vnto Pernouth N. and by E. leag 14 From Pernouth vnto the East end of the Olsel west northwest leag 10 From thence vnto the Swalawcroort n. E. leag 14 From thence vnto Dagheroort n.n.w. leag 18 From thence vnto Zyburgsnes n. E. leag 6 From Zybourghsnes to Oitkens Holm n.e. by e. lea 5 From Oitkins holm to Narien E.n. E. leag 6 From Narien vnto VVrangher E. leag 6 From VVrangher vnto Eke-holm E. and by s. leag 7 From Eke-holm vnto the Narue E. and by s. leag 12 From the Narue vnto the Russe-haecke n. leag 4 From the Russche-hookes to VVybourgh north-east and by n. leag 16 From the High Iland vnto the Narue s.e. leag 10 From Highland vnto Somere n.e. and by E. leag 10 From Highland vnto Narien w.s.w. leag 20 From Narien to Luz by the Scheeres n.n.w. leag 8 From Vieu vnto Bouscher s.w. and by s. leag 12 From Bouschaer vnto the great Carell s s.w. leag 10 From thence to the South end of Godtland s.e. and by s. leag 6 From Houbergh vnto the Ryghs head South and by east leag 26 From Houbergh to the South end of Oeland south-south-west and by west leag 18 From Oelandt vnto Bornholm s.w. and by s. leag 20 From Oelandt to the Rygish head s.e. leag 22 From Bornholm vnto VVitmondt s.w. leag 9 From Dorenbosch vnto Moen n.w. leag 7 From Moen vnto Gheester riffe s.s.w. leag 6 From Gheester riff vnto Lubecke s.w. and by w. lea 14 The Sea courses on the backside of Moscouie and generallie of all our trafficks FRom Candalex vnto Ombay s.e. and by e. leag 10 From Ombay vnto Stalsland south east leag 8 From Stalsland vnto VVarsiga E.s. E. leag 12 From VVarsiga vnto Caroa E.s. E. leag 8 From Carea vnto Karswyck E. leag 5 From Karswyck vnto Polongi E.n. E. leag 6 From Polongi vnto Sautsnawitz n.e. by e. leag 6 From Sautsnawits vnto the Iles n.n. E. leag 10 From the three Iles to Orlogonos n.n.w. leag 4 From Orlogonos to Sweetonos n.w. and by n. leag 12 From Sweetonos to the Seuen Iles s. E. leag 18 From the Seuen Iles vnto Kildin s. E. leag 24 From Kildin to Lauwes N.w. and by N. leag 8 From Lauwes to Oosterhauen S.E. leag 10 Frō Oosterhauen to VVaerhuys N.w. by N. leag 10 From VVaerhuys to Matcorf N.w. leag 10 From Matcorf to Northkin w. N.w. leag 12 From Northkin to the North Cape E. and w. leag 10 From the North Cape or Loppe to Trompsont w. S.w. leag 40 From Trompsont to Lof foote S.w. leag 38 From Lof-foote to Rust S.S.w. leag 25 From Rust to Stad S.w. more S. leag 90 From Stad to Berghen S. and N. leag 30 From Berghen vnto the VVtsiers S. and by E. leag 30 From the VVtsiers to the Noes S.E. leag 29 From Schaghen to the Riff s.w. and by w. leag 24 From the Riff to Calice by Flaunders s.s.w. leag 95 From the Heads to the Shingles or Nesse poynt S.w. and by w. leag 9 From the Nesse poynt to Beachy w.s.w. leag 7 From Beachy to the I le of wight w. and by s. leag 15 From VVight to the Start poynt w. and by s. leag 26 From the Start to without Vshant S. w. by w. leag 30 From Vshant to Cizarga s. s.w leag 86 From Cizarga to Cape de Finisterre w.s.w. leag 12 From Cape de Finisterre to the Barlings S. and N. leag 50 From Cape de Finisterre to the Ter●●…ra w. and by S. leag 120 From Cape de Finisterre to the I le Madera S. w. and by S. leag 180 From Madera to

the great Canarie s. by E. leag 60 From Forteventura to Palma w. leag 60 From Porto Santo to Madera s.w. leag 10 From Porto Santo to Cape S. Vincent N. E. and by E. leag 104 From Cape S. Vincent to Lanes E. and by N. leag 5 From Lanes to Pharo E. and by s. leag 20 From Pharo or Cape de S. Maria to Auila N.E. leag 4 From Faro to Leep N.E. and by E. leag 13 From Faro vnto Saltees E.N.E. leag 18 From Cape de Maria to Rodun E. and by N. leag 22 From Cape de Maria to Chipiona E. leag 23 From Cape de Maria to Calis Malis E. and by s. leag 28 From Cape de Maria to the Straict s. E. and by E. leag 36 The Straict of Gibraltar hath his course through E. and by N. leag 5 From the Straict of Gibraltar to Malaga N.E. leag 28 From Malaga to Almeria E. leag 28 From Almeria to Cape de Gates E. and by S. leag 5 From Cape de Gates to new Cartagena N.E. leag 28 From Cape de Palo to Cape de Martin N.N.E. lea 32 From Cape de Martin to Valentia N.N.w. leag 10 From Valentia vnto Tortosa N.E. leag 18 From Valentia to Cape de Calo N.E. leag 9 From Cape de Calo to Barzelona N.E. and by E. leag 16 THE LATITVDES OR ALTITVDES OF THE Pole of the most famous places poynts and Capes both of the Easterne and Westerne Nauigation   De. Mi. THe Iles of Solosky lie in 64 45 Ombay in 64 40 S. Nicolas in 64 40 Kildine in 69 34 The North cape of Norway 71 30 Samien Ilands 70 0 The Slorp or Mousko streame 67 39 Dronten 64 30 Stadt 62 0 Boukenes of the Noes and the Schaw 57 50 Berghen in Norway 60 20 The South cape of Yzland 65 36 Wiben Iland 65 10 The North cape of Yzland 68 35 Grinsas Ile 68 40 The Southwest end of Groenland 73 0 Faharil 59 40 Reuel in Lifland 59 55 Window and Eastergart 57 40 Bornholm 55 20 The Sound 56 10 Bouenberghen 56 38 Heylich or Holy land 54 30 The Eems or Borkom 53 48 The Flie. 53 34 Texel 53 8 The Maze 52 0 Rammekens or Walkeren 51 25 Douer 51 12 Portland 50 40 The Caskets 49 44 Vshant 48 38 The Lizard 50 4 The Start 50 15 Studland poynt 50 30 The Thames London or the North foreland 51 34 The I le of Bresill 51 20 The Southermost point of it 51 0 The Northermost poynt 51 40 Cape Dorsey in Ireland 51 40 Asmaidas Iland 46 50 The Seams 48 4 Belyle 47 28 S. Martins Ile 46 26 The midst of Oleron 46 0 The Riuer of Bordeaux 45 34 A cason 44 50 The Sea coastes of all Biskay 43 35 Cape de Torres 40 0 Ortegal 44 50 Cape Finisterre 43 0 Bayon 42 0 Port de Port. 41 0 Montega 40 0 Roxent 38 56 Cape Spicket or S. Wes head 38 62 Cape S. Vincent 36 58 Calis Malis 36 20 The straicts of Gibraltar 35 36 Prom. Herculis Cape Cantin 35 40 Prom. Atlantis Cape d'Alguer 30 15 Grand Canarie 28 20 The I le of Palma 29 0 The Lancerotta 29 10 The I le of Madera 32 34 Porto Santo 33 25 S. Michels Iland 38 0 Tercera 39 4 Teneriff 38 10 The rockes of Arram 56 6 The north end of Ireland 56 6 The Burlings 39 35 The North point of Scotland 59 15 The Norther I le of Leenos 58 55 The South part of Rockol 58 18 The Northern point of Rockol 58 30 The South point of Fero. 61 45 The northermost point of Fero. 62 50 The South point of the I le of Philo. 60 20 The North part of Philo. 60 26 The South Capes of Hytland 60 14 The North poynt of those Ilands 61 30 AN EXPLANING OF THE COMMON Table of the Tydes and Ebbes WE haue marked according to the custome of ancient Pilotes vpon what poynt of the Compasse the Moone causeth high water in any of these places following But you must know that these points may not bée taken or counted after the moueable Compasse which onely diuideth the Horizon in his plaine and sheweth absolutely in what Azimuth or Verticall circle the Sunne or the Moone standeth by which the floods are not gouerned For experience teacheth that the Sunne entring into Cancer in his greatest declination in Spaine and other countries hauing the like Eleuation of the Pole commeth first into the East point at eight of the clocke in the morning and into the West point at foure in the afternoone But in our Climate about halfe an houre after eight and as much before fiue So that in 8. or 9. houres by this Compasse account he finisheth his course from the East to the West and contrariwise by night from the West to the East in 15. or 16 houres But this happeneth once a moneth to the Moone which sometimes endeth hir course from the East to the West almost a whole houre sooner then the Sunne because she ascendeth aboue 5. degrées more Northward then the Sunne Therefore you must vnderstand and conceaue in minde as if the lines of the Compasse were drawen from the Pole of the world For then be the Sunne and Moone high or low euer at sixe of the clocke they are in the East and West By which occasion séeing those lines are none other then the houre circles we haue reduced those vnto these allowing vnto euery line 45. minutes or thrée quarters of an houre so that foure lines make thrée houres and eight six Thus may the tydes be reckened by this Table for any place or day so that the Moones age be knowen Séeke the day in the right line in which your place standeth and it shall shew you the houre and minute of the tyde Fol. 31. For asmuch as the Easterne Sea hath no Ebbe neither Flood Therefore shall we beginne this reckoning of the tides from the Iutlandish Ilands What Moone maketh full Sea vpon the Coastes of Iutland Frizland Holland Zealand AT the Iutlandish Iles haue you full Sea with a South and North Moone Before the Riuers of Heuer Eyder and Elue haue you full floud with a South and North Moone At Amborough with an East and West Moone Vnderneath Holyland with a West south-west M. Before the Riuer of Weeser with a South and North M. Before the Easterne and Westerne entrances of the Eems or the Riuer of Embden with a South-east North-w M. Before all the Coasts of Frizland with a S.E. and N.W.M. Before the Flye with a South-east North-w M. Before Gheest of Texel with an East south-east M. Before the Maersdeep with an East and west M. Vpon the flattes of west Frizland of Wieringe S.E. N.w. M Before the Fen in the chanell of the Sea with a S.S.E.M. At Enchuysen and the I le of Vrck with a S. and N.M. At Horne and Eedam with a S.S.w. M. At Amstelredamme with a S.w. and N.E.M. At Egmont and Haerlem with a w.

Enchuisen by the entrie of the VLIE commonly called Noordergat must so direct his course that the Lande-marke of Schelling may exactly answere to the thrée Downes and the Blacke downe must be directly opposite to the middest of the high White downe Then appeareth the first Buy from which he shall sayle vnto the seconde South and by East or South and by West accordyng as the winde and tide will serue From thence vntill he come to the Buy which lieth vpon the Buske South and by West or South still carefully obseruing your tyde From thence let him sayle vnto the Buye in Moncksloot South or Southe and by West thence to Longsand South and by East then to Wolfshouk south east and by South but till he come to Cashoucke let him kéepe south south east The eye marke of Cashoucke is when the Towre of Franike appeareth neare the hauen of Harling From Cashouck vnto Schutsande the course is East south east the markes wherof are these viz. That Cornwerde on the East side is right opposite to Bolswerde and Winald is discerned aboue the Castle of Harling From Schutsand he must sayle to Swaenbalg South east where the Buye lieth with these markes viz. When Boldeswerde appeareth on the Eastside of the broade tower or the high buildynge on the Southside of Cornewerde But when Bolswerde is perceaued betwéen Destin and Cornewerd then may he plie that reache vp or downe at his pleasure From Swaenbalg he may passe to Middleground South south east the markes hereof are when the two picked stéeples of Harlynge on the Southside are right agaynst two other Towers on the Northside The way from Middlegrounde vnto Idelhooeck and the West of Worcum lieth Southward and then Coldum sheweth it selfe on the South end of Hinlopen which is the marke for the Buye of West Worcum From thence vnto the Buye that leadeth to Bocht South south east where Pandagra appeareth standynge at the Southside of Volwerd in a valley when you shall perceaue Pandagra neare the houses kéepe the right forme of the Tower in your sight vntill you come to the Buye that lieth vpon the flat of Freislande there is déepe water that reache stretcheth South Southwest From thence to Creile South and by West the markes wherof are when Mirnys toucheth the South partes of the Cliffe and the Corne milles appeare on the Westside of Medenblicke The way from Creyl to Crepelsand is South south east and South east and by East the markes of the Buye of Creplesand are Enchuisen standing by Venhuysen and Broocke nigh vnto Hem From hence you may sayle vnto the first Buye in Hillegat South south east and South and by East and then vp towardes the Beacon South and by East but from the innermost Buye vnto the Road of Enchuisen South and by West Moreouer sayling from Enchuisen to Texel he must as the winde and tide suffer beginne his course from the Buye that is Northward in the goyng forth commonly called Noordergat North north west or North and by West vntill Brooke may be kenned neare Hem where he shall finde the Buye of Creplesand From thence he shall go to the Wicker marke or Beacon of the sayd Creplesand Northwest and when Lytebrooke is séen neare Hem he shall finde out this marke From whence he may sayle vnto the South Buye vpon the Flats of Wiring North west and by West hauing regarde to the winde and tide This Buye is knowne when the Twisch by Almerdorpe and Brooke do shew betwéen two Heyrickes and the Westerne tower of Wiringe perceaued neare vnto the houses Then he may passe towardes the middle Buye Northwest and by North vntill he finde that the Winde mill of Wyringe standeth at the South-ende of the houses that are out of the towne From the middle Buye vnto the Northern wee sayle North northwest the markes are when the two piked Stéeples are one and on the East side of the Buye there is a déepe Poole fit for great Shippes from thence he may sayle to Vlieter North northwest and North and by west kéepyng Medenbliche and the Buye in one so longe as he can sée them and kéepe still his course North and by West vntill he come to Nesse where he shall finde a Buye on the Eastside and there ouer agaynst standeth a marke made of Wicker or Basket worke vpon the Nesse the tokens whereof are when the Mill vppon the shoare is opposite to the vally which is vpon the West side of the shoare and the tower standyng towardes the west ioyneth to the West parte of the houses From thence to Vogelsand West north west sometimes windyng about But when he commeth neare Vogelsand let him take héede that Horn tower in Texel may be séene neare the houses which stande vnder Geest and kéepe them so in sight vntill he come to the Marchants Roade there may he Anker before Geest in Texel where he shall thinke best But if he will fourth into the Ocean his course is to the New Deepe and shunne the Shoaldes of Geest two Gables length from the shoare side of Huisdune vntill he come to the shoalde called Dry Hake and kéepe the shoare markes which stande vppon Huisdune fiue foote one from the other Then must he holde on his course to the Sea by the entrie or channell of Marsdiep commonly called Spaignarsgat for Keysars plat hath two Fadam water at halfe floud so that the sayd shoare markes may be almost ioyned together And if comming from the Sea he would beare in with the entrie of Marsdiep called Spaignarsgat he must set Wammes or S. Iohns tower on the Northside of the high Downe of Texel and the Landmarkes vppon Huisdune the distance of 5. foote from eache other which beyng so set and kept he may enter the chanell But if he will enter the mouthe of Maersdeep called Dorley let him kéepe the Landmarke and the Spere stéeple of Texell a Sayle breadth a sunder and let him holde on his course vntill the Landmarkes of Huisdune appeare fiue foote eache from the other saylyng East and by south towardes Huisdune If he will go in at the entrie called Ebbegat let him kéepe likewise the foresayd markes of Dorley fiue foote a sunder But if you will sayle in at Lantdiep called Swidergat set the Churche of Geest euen with the shoare of Huisdune and so enter Afterwardes let him kéepe along the shoare of Huisdune about the length of two Cables of vntill he haue passed the New Deepe then let him conde the ship Northeast vntil he come to the Roade where great shippes and Huyes lie neare to Geest in Texell where he may cast Anker in 10. or 12. fatham It would be too tedious to set downe all the Trades and Traffique of all the cities and Townes vpon this South sea notwithstandyng I will touche it in few wordes There is Amsterdam that most renowmed Marte towne which in all Europe hath not her péere for varietie and plentie of all Trades especially of

and North and by east and then the windmill standing westward of the foreland appeareth on the west side of the valley hold then on North and by East vntil you haue brought the tower of the Foreland on the East-side of the sayd valley and then are you on the North side of the Querns The markes hereof are when you see a litle tower standing on the forelandes point and an other on the Southforeland ouer against the third white downe at the castels side But if you come from the North and will sayle within the Goodvvin take heede you come no nearer the Quernes then 7. fathā Then setting the south Foreland from you South south west you haue the best depth when the broad Tower is brought into Ramsgate you are then at the Quernes But when the windmill appeareth in Ramsgate or in the valley you are then on the South of the Quernes But when you be at the downes and the innermost corner of the cliffe be South Southwest from you then the Quernes beare North and by East and the north-North-end of the Goodvvin North-east and by North and Northeast from you If you will sayle frō Margate into the Thames shape your course by north the foreland west South west then holde on alongest the coast west and west and by north to the Reculuers where a ship that drawes much water must staie for the tide to passe ouer the shoaldes called the Lastes betweene a buy and a beacon where is 3. fatham depth From the buy set west north west and west and by north towardes the Beacon standing northward where you haue also 3. fatham water and assoone as you are past that Beacon it is but 2. fatham deepe at halfe floud frō thence plie west northwest into the channell holde then for the most parte towardes the north shoare because of the Norre which reacheth down frō the South shoare and goe so foorth amiddest the riuer vp vnto Grauesend But if you will backe againe alongest the North coast out into the Sea shunne Blactaeil poynt before the middle shoald afterwards plie Northeast and northeast and by north vntill you haue brought a certaine Sharpe steeple in the middest betweene two others The great spire steeple is called S. Matthevves Abbey By these markes you may passe thorough the Spittes within halfe a cables length off the shoare then hold on alongest the shoare Northeast vnto the Nase where two trees stand vpon a high hill when they are both in one cond North Northwest by the markes of Harvvich vntill you come before the hauen And from thence holde on northeast by North to Orfordnesse and so North Eastward into the sea But when you shall be come to the Spittes and the Beacon standing vpon the shoaldes of Shovv beare west Southwest You are then in the Kings channel which lieth to the seaward North northeast where at low water you haue 4. fatham If you will beare in with Harvvich set the broad tower standing westward of Harvvich in the wood Southward of Harvvich and enter northwest and by north and north northwest vntill you are cleare of the fishers stakes Then turne in westward or northward as you please and anker in 6. or 7. fatham About halfe a league from the northend of the red cliffe lieth the shoald of Bavvdsey If you will enter neare Orfordnesse hale along the shoare vntill Alborough lie north and by west from you and then shall you be on the west side of VVhite Sand and right against Orfordnesse hauen From thence setting South and by west passe by the shoald of Bavvdsey on the out-side then hold on Southwest-ward till you may see Harvvich open of the poynt of the hauen Then commeth Bavvdsey to lie westward of the red cliffe where is safe roade in 5. fatham west northwest of Alborough lieth a shoalde called Abreknocke from thence you haue vnto Galper 8. leagues South Southeast And from Galper to the North foreland 4. leagues Southwest and by South where the tide from the north and South doe crosse each other alongst the coasts of England where also a north and a South moone maketh full sea In these coastes is very great traffique but chiefely of English clothes wooll tinne pewter leade safron sea-coles fire-wood and other commodities which these countries doe yeeld Contrariwise all kinde of salt-fish and great store of linnencloth and other merchaundises is brought thither from Holland and Zealand and there vttered and distributed THE SEA Coastes betweene Douer Orfordnes Wherein is conteined the most famous Riuer of Thames with all the Sands bankes flats sholdes there abou ts according to their 〈◊〉 Salvation and appearing THE NORTH COASTES OF ENGLAND BETVVEENE VVALDERSwicke and Burnham withall the banks and shoalds WHen Eston beareth Southwest and by South from you then are you on the Northside of Couehith shoald But when Kesland lieth west North-west you are on the South-side of that shoald VVhen Lestofs tower standeth Southward of the tree you are then on the Southside of the banckes of Leistofe If you will anker on the South of Leistof borrow of the shoare at 4. fatham till the tower be west and west and by North from you where you may cast anker in 4. fatham water But if you will goe thorough the narrow places within the bankes to the brew-house giue it a little birth of the shoare then edge Northward and North and by westward and anker in the North road before the brew-house at 6. or 7. fatham And if you will out to sea thorough the shoaldes bring the brew-house and the windmill in one and crosse so thorough the shoaldes But if you will holde on your course towardes Yermouth keepe Suthon ouer against the North head or pierre and the great tree southward of the flat church and hold on so straight by yermouth shoaldes called the Holmes Northwarde of the Hauen of Yermouth lieth a shoald called Middle-platt at the west side thereof you haue 7. fatham water Not far from yermouth lieth an other shoald called Rocklyn 9. fatham deepe which you may passe by on both sides to the seawardes There also standeth a broad tower on the Northside of yermouth lying inwardes from the shoare when you haue brought the same to the Southend of the wood you are then on the North part of yermouthes shoaldes If VVynterthon beare South southwest from you as you come from the North you are Southward of the shoald of VVinterthon Thence borrow of the shoare at 3. or 4. fatham till you come Southward of Rocklyn To the Eastward and East and by Northward of yermouth beyond the shoaldes lieth a newe bancke which hath beene there but these 3. or 4. yeares past being of 2. fatham deepth but aswell on the North as the Southside you haue there 20. fatham water Blackneie is a bard hauen you must enter along the shoare and in the entrie lie Buyes Betweene Blackneie and VVelles lieth a shoalde called the Pol and Peper

At the west side of this shoald is the channell of VVelles which hath also Buyes in the entry Burnam standeth 4. leagues westward of vvelles where is shallaw water and the flats stretch farre into the sea Burnam channell lieth inwardes by the shoare and hath on the Larbord side as you enter certeine Beacons To the westward lieth an other roade or channell of 3. fatham depth called burneham pits about 3. leagues thence to seawardes you haue but 2. fatham water If you will set towardes Linne goe hard vnder S. Edmunds Chapell leauing the shoalde called the Suncke which lyeth aboue water a seabord of you then holde on your course South and by west to the first Buy that lieth in the entrie of Linne The commodities and traffique that these coastes yeeld is wooll Cloth and in some places wheate Barley Malte Beere Herringes and Sprattes In exchaunge whereof much Salt Fish and Linnen Clothe is brought thither and vented especially at Linne The Sea Coastes of Swedeland about the coastes of Westerwijck and the entraūce of Stockholm Beginning from Kalmar vnto the Wigstone and the Redde Kewe the which lye wtin the sayde entraunce of Stockholme All truelie done inuented by Lucas Janss Wagenaer AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE COASTES AND CHANNELS OF Linne Hull Filey Scarborough with the shoalds and banckes adioyning IF you will saile from Welles to the hauen of Lynne keepe the high flat tower betweene the two other high towers then are you in the right way to Lynne VVhen S. Edmunds Chapell beareth East from you and the trees that stand vppon the innermost point doe come on the west ende of the Chapell then shape your course in Southeast and Southeast and by South towardes the first buy for now are you entered the Easterne channell of Lynne from thence hold South south-south-west and South and by west to the first Beacon from thence to the second South Southwest and so forth vnto the third Southwest and by South Then your course lieth by two buyes Southwest and Southwest and by South till you be within the point of the Land from whence you may conde betweene the shoaldes to the west entrie or channell and out againe by the Buyes and eye markes This channell lyeth to the seawardes Northeast and Northeast and by East But if you will enter Bostons channell set towardes the coast of Skegnesse beare in hard abord the shore and you shal be cleare of the shoald called the Drosing or Ellen-knocke when you haue brought the three trees Southward of Somcall or of the sharpe steeple then Ellen-knocke standeth so seawardes from you And then may you beare vp alongest the coast of Leake in 3. fatham water into the riuer of Bostone But you may returne backe agayne to sea betweene Ellen-knock and long sand in 3. fatham water East North-East And if you will enter the channell of Humber hale in alongest the Northerne poynt of Sprunhead because the Southside is flat and full of shoaldes but beeing entred a little way borrow of the other side of the riuer towardes Grymsbie within the shoald where you may ride in 6. or 7. fatham But if you will goe farther in vp to Hull keepe on west northwest alongst by the Southside to the furthermost ende of the shoalde then turne Northward into the riuer where after you are entered you must hold west Southwest and west and by South Bridlingstone is scituate in a bay where is safe harborough for a North and a Northwest winde Three leagues to the Northward of Flamburgh lieth the bay of Filey where you may safely anker for a North Northeast winde betweene the Peere and Filey bridge which is a rocke that lyeth vnder water at a spring tide Scarbrough beareth two leagues northward of Filay and hath two peeres wherein you may cast anker and lie on the sand at low water The traffique of these partes is Barly Malte wheate and course Cloathes A DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES of England Betweene Burnam Scarborough as that land and coast lyeth appeareth A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE NORTHERMOST COASTES OF ENGLAND WHERE THE RIuer of Newcastle is the chiefest hauen FRom Scarborough to Whitby you haue 4. leagues North west and by west the Hauen or Riuer is barde Southwardes of the Hauen stretcheth out a Shoalde half a league into the Sea If you will sayle to VVhitby beare in between two beakons till you come between two landes where you shall finde it somewhat shallow Hertlepole lieth from VVhitby 7. leagues westwarde thereof is a great Bay or Riuer called the Teis It is a very fayre Hauen and stretcheth inwardes to the west southwest In the very middest of it you haue 30. fatham water but farther inwardes before Sockton not aboue 4. fatham The Cape or point of Sonderland lieth seuen leagues northward from Hartlepole Two leagues from thence more Northward is the castle of Tinmouth on the Southside of it is the mouth of the Riuer of Nevvcastell The markes to enter are when two watche Towers and the wood are brought in one by these marks you may saile in and out vntill you come before the Towne where you haue 3. fatham and a halfe But in the entrie only 2. fatham at halfe flood Cocket Islande is 7. leagues from Tinmouth North North west which you may sayle rounde aboute and may cast Anker salfely at 4. or 5. fatham In these Coastes and specially at Nevvcastle is merueilous great traffique for sea Coles which are transported thence to other Countries It doth yeald also Barley wheate Malte and course Clothes THE CARDE OF the North coaste of England from Whitbye vnto Coket I le A TRVE DESCRIPTION OF THE SEA COASTES BETWEENE Bambourgh and Aberdyne HOlley Islande beareth 4. leagues North North west from Coket Isle and hath in the South-side therof a Bay wherin is salfe roade at 3. or 4. fatham but best riding is before the castle Betweene the west poynt of the Staples and Holy Islande are 2. Rockes one opposite to another called the Plough and the Goldstone Bring Dunstabourgh one with Bambourgh and so saile out betwixt them Barvvick lieth from thence fiue leagues west northwest if you will enter the hauen set the two Beacons on your starboord and so holde on to the citie from thence fiue leagues North northwest lieth S. Tabbes head The Isle of Basse is foure leagues distant from S. Tabbes head west northwest whither from the farthermost poynt of the Staples you haue 6. leagues Northwest From S. Tabbes head to May Island foure leagues northwest and north west and by north From May to Fisnes one league Northeast and by east Basse beareth South west south west and by south from May two great leagues and but one from the westerne shore Brant Island standeth to the westward and west by northward of Bass three leagues by the south side of which you may sayle Three leagues westward of Brant Isle lieth Edenbrough the chiefest mart of all

from Farder And from thence shape your course to Anslo Copervvicke and Soen vvater and so forwardes thorough the rockes called Lammeren to Braekenes which is a shallow riuer towardes the sides where most part of the firre borde and timber is sawed Rogh point lieth foure leagues North northeast from Farder the rockes called the Sisters are 3. leagues Northeast and by North from Farder The Isle of Akersounde is distant from thence 5. leagues to the Northeast In these partes lie the hauens of the Northeast countrie where now a dayes is the chiefest taking of herringes which was woont to be in Malstrande From all these hauens come deale bordes great and little mastes rayles rafters timber to make hoopes fire woode and such like stuffe fit for building The Sea Coastes of Norway And of the land of North-East as they shewe and appeare betweene Mardou and Akersond according unto their right situation AN EXACT DESCRIPTION OF THE NORTHEAST COVNTRIES where Malstrande is the cheefest Porte IF you will saile from the cape called Schagen or Scaw to Masterlande shape your course East north east till you may discouer an high round rocke or hill called Bretto towards which you must beare East North east till the rockes called the Pater nosters be in sight which you shall leaue on your larbord And when you shal be nigh the shoare the entrie of Masterland will be open before you on your South side liyng Eastward and East south eastwardes And leaue the Island wherin standeth a beakon or warlocke on your starbord But when you come to the poynt then the citie lieth open before you make fast a Cable to the Kay and cast Anker to the Seawards You may sayle out agayne Southward into the mayne two or three wayes If you will beare in with Calfsounde enter harde aborde the great Rocke wheron standeth a high warlocke you may by holding on the same course sayle into Coyhell and Bahuys you may also set forwardes to the Riuer of Nilues called VVinder between the Rockes wher on the East side you haue the mayne and the channell lieth open before you Right before the Riuer lieth a ragged Island which you must leaue on the Larborde You may anker vnder the same in 15. or 16. fatham the hauen is called Reefsounde Two leagues Eastward of Reefsounde lieth the Island Malesounde which you may sayle rounde about Consbaeke lieth from thence two leagues to the East north eastward Monstersounde standeth also on the East-side of the hauen and from thence VVaersberghe lieth 3. leagues to the Southward If you will sayle to vvaersberghe bringe the Castle which standeth in the mayne lande South of you and holde on thorough the middest of the channell between the Island and the Easterne shoare but edge nearer the island because of the rocke vnderwater that stretcheth out from the eastern poynt There is also a blinde Rocke at the poynte of the Island when you are cleare thereof you may borrow of the Northern shore and there come to anker for it is broade and 4. or 5. fatham deepe Parte of these Coastes doo belonge to the gouernement of the Kynge of Svvedeland and parte to the Kynge of Denmarke Their traffique is all sortes of Tallow and such grosse wares Skines Hides Barly and great stoare of Filberd-nuttes A MOST PERFECT description of the Sea coastes of the North East land parte of Norway part of Swedeland as it lieth betwene Distelbergh and Waersbergh A PERFECT DESCRIPTION OF THE PRINCIPALL PART OF DENmarke where standeth the famous citie of Capen-hauen the cheefest place of the kings residence NOrth-east and by North of Coll lieth an Island called Swedero which is like an hauen on the inside but it is open on the North-side If you cannot goe cleare of Coll beare boldly with the sayd Island hold on streight within the great rock neere the church where you may anker in 10. fatham and ride safely From Anholte set South southeast towardes Zealande And if by reason that the winde hangeth Easterly you cannot get into the Sound hale alongst the coast of Zealand on the backside of Haselin where is good ground in euery place for ankering There is also a great bay which is a good harborough ouer-right alongst the coasts of Zealand for a Northeast winde where is 5. or 6. fatham water To saile into the Sound hold Southeasterly in from Coll but bring not the Isle of VVeen open of Elsenoers castell till you are cleare of Svvynebode Then may you passe by Lappesande thorough the middest of the channell and being past the castell anker where you list Towardes VVeen are certaine places where is good riding in 7. fatham water but it lieth farre from the shoare If you saile from the Sound to Coppen hauen being come to the ende of the wood you may sound the whole channell as you go vpon 5. or 6. fatham and not faile to find the Buy but keep still in 5. fatham when the tower of Coppen hauen is south-Southwest from you then are you come neare the first Buy where you haue 7. fatham on the East side holde on from the Northerne Buy to the other South by East borrow of the westerne coast if the wind hang westerly in 6. or 7. fatham where you haue also 9. or 10. fatham water Set Southward frō the second to the third Buy for there haue you 10. or 11. fatham then are you right against Southolme where it is shallower and narower from thence continue your course south to the Buy of Casperkine where is 7. fatham water The Fissher lieth from the Buy in Casperkine East and by North the west side thereof is very shallow Your course from Casperkine to the shoald or sand called Drakerriff is South where a Buy lieth in 5. fatham water but from Drakerriff to Steden South and by westward and then haue you sometimes deeper sounding But when you are betwixt Steden and Falsterborne and the flat broad tower of Falsterborne be one with the castell then are you at the poynt of the Riffe or bancke where lieth a Buy in 4. fatham depth and there beginneth the Easterne sea called the Belt and may shape your course thence Easterly towardes Brontholme If you will backe againe from Steden towardes Draker when you come neare Drakerriff if the tower of Coppen hauen appeare on the East side of Draker wood bring Draker North and by west off you so shal you go cleare of the Riff And when the tower of Coppen hauen is to sight a ships length Eastward from the wood you are thwart of Drakerriff Buy where you haue 5. fatham water Your course from Drakerriff to the Buy in Casperkine is almost plaine North where it is about 6. or 7. fatham deepe and there the channell is narrower But from Casperkine to the other three Buyes set North and north and by west where you haue 10. 9. 8. or 7. fathā water when Coppen hauen is Southwest then are you come