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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A09011	Theatrum botanicum: = The theater of plants. Or, An herball of a large extent containing therein a more ample and exact history and declaration of the physicall herbs and plants that are in other authours, encreased by the accesse of many hundreds of new, rare, and strange plants from all the parts of the world, with sundry gummes, and other physicall materials, than hath beene hitherto published by any before; and a most large demonstration of their natures and vertues. Shevving vvithall the many errors, differences, and oversights of sundry authors that have formerly written of them; and a certaine confidence, or most probable conjecture of the true and genuine herbes and plants. Distributed into sundry classes or tribes, for the more easie knowledge of the many herbes of one nature and property, with the chiefe notes of Dr. Lobel, Dr. Bonham, and others inserted therein. Collected by the many yeares travaile, industry, and experience in this subject, by Iohn Parkinson apothecary of London, and the Kings herbarist. And published by the Kings Majestyes especial	Parkinson, John, 1567-1650.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1640 (1640)	STC 19302; ESTC S121875	2,484,689	1,753

fructus Clusij Motrice like Bells Ahovai fructus The poysonous fruite of the stincking tree and fit to make stooles chaires saddles and the like the leafe is long and narrow towards the stalke and broader towards the end but growing lesse from thence to the point the meate or pulpe thereof is like unto Gourds which they often eate in want of better food This tree groweth in Hispaniola and other the Islands of the West Indies as well as on the Continent also Clusius setteth forth other certaine fruites tyed unto strings and stones within to sound in dancing with them which he entituleth Higuero farre differing from this Ahovai Theveti The stincking tree with his poysonous fruite It groweth as high as a Peare tree with leaves three or foure inches long and two broad yeelding white milke if any branch bee broken the wood stincketh most abhominably bearing a white three square fruite somewhat like unto the Greeke letter Δ. whose kernell within is most poysonous and deadly and therefore the Indians doe give great caution to their children that they eate none of them and themselves abstaine also from using of the wood to burne but having taken the kernell they putting small stones within the shells and tying them with strings they serve them for bracers for their legges to dance with as Moris dancers doe with bells with us CHAP. XCVI Mamay The West Indian Peach plumme SCaliger saith this tree is like the Chesnut tree with like leaves yet greater but Oviedus in his history of the West Indies describeth it to be a faire great tree like unto the Wallnut tree and with such like leaves but larger thicker and greener on the one side then on the other the fruite is either perfect round or a little longer then round as bigge as a good great Quince some greater others lesser covered with a yellow thicke skin or coate that is somewhat rough and not smooth the pulpe or meate whereof is very pleasant like unto a Peach but firmer and not so sappy as a Plumme of a yellowish colour and is of a finger or two in thickenesse having in the middle two or three kernels separated by thinne skinnes that are of a peeled Chesnut colour and taste but very bitter in the inner kernell CHAP. XCVII Guayava The West Indian Bay Plumme THis tree which is very frequent and well Guajava arboris ramus frustus The West Indian Bay Plum knowne through all the West Indies and which they call Guayabo as they doe the fruite Guayaba groweth great like unto an Orrange tree but thinner of branches bearing large leaves on them two alwayes set together and opposite which are like unto Bay leaves but larger even foure inches long and one and a halfe or two inches broad gray or of an hoary ash-colour underneath with great ribs and smaller veines therein but of a sad greene above smooth and without any shew of ●nes almost somewhat hard in handling and both smelling and tasting somewhat like a Bay leafe the flowers are like those of the Orrenge or Pomecitron tree smelling sweete like the ●asmine after which followeth the fruite as great as a small apple and like unto a Plum that is somewhat long greene before it is ripe and yellowish after ●et Clusius saith that he received one from Doctor Tovar out of Spaine that was blackish light and shrunke which he imputeth to the unripenesse of it some having a reddish pulpe within and some a white very sweete and delicate in taste divided as it were into foure parts in each whereof lye many small graines or hard white kernells The properties of the fruite besides the delicacy to be eaten hath an astringent power therein to stay laskes especially if they be eaten while they are greene and not ripe CHAP. XCVIII Ambares The hard gristly Plumme of India called Ambare THe leaves that grow on this great tree called Ambare by all the Nations there abiding although they seeme somewhat like those of the Wallnut Ambares The hard gristly Plumme of India called Amb●r● tree for the largenesse yet are they not of that fashion for being small at the bottome and they are broadest at the end and a little dented 〈◊〉 the middle thereof elaborate with many 〈◊〉 and of a pale greene colour the flowers are small and white and the fruite that followeth of the bignesse of a Wallnut with a smoother and paler greene skinne of a strong heady sent and sowre harsh taste being unripe but yellow when it is ripe and of a more pleasant sent containing a hard gristly substance within them with sundry crosse hard nerves or threds running through yet of so pleasant a tart sowre taste that commendeth it much and therefore are used by the Natives and strangers also instead of vinegar or such like sawse to rellish their meate and stirre up an appetite being eaten with salt and vinegar while they are fresh or pickled to serve for the yeares following which endure very well they use to give the fresh fruite also to those that have hot agues to coole their blood and humours CHAP. XCIX Melo Corcopali The American Quince Melon tree COrcopall is a Province of the Indies wherein as also neere the Promontori Comari groweth a tree like unto the Quince tree both for forme and leafe bearing a large fruite as great as a Melon with ribbes on the outside like thereunto very sweete and pleasant to be eaten and physicall also within which lye three or foure graines or kernells like Grape stones which are as bitter as Cherry stone kernells the sicke as well as the sound doe eate of this fruite having a quality therein to evacuate evill humours In the same Province also of Corcopall groweth a white Medlar as great as an Apple Mespil●n● album CHAP. C. Darian The Melon like bearing Orrenge THis 〈…〉 bearing Orrenge is a fruite called in Sumatra Darian is also somewhat like unto the forest Cor●a● which is as great as a Citrull Cowcumber having within it five fruites in shape and biggenesse like Orrenge but longer and taste like unto fresh sweete butter CHAP. CI. Carcapuli The Indian yellow Orrenges of Malavar ACosta maketh mention of a great tree in Malabar called Carcapuli differing from the Durian for the fruite he saith is like an Orrenge when Corcapuli The Indian yellow Orrenge of Malabar the outer pill is taken away which consisteth of sundry lumpes of pulpe not to be separated as they may be in the Orrenge whose rinde is thinne smooth and shining as gold when it is ripe of an austere taste and binding quality yet pleasant and are good to stay s●a●es of all sort and to refresh a dejected appetite taken with sowre milke or boyled Rice the Midwives give it women in hard labour to cause a speedy delivery as also to expell the after-birth the juyce is profitably used to cleare the eyes of mists and rheumes CHAP. CII Mala Indica Lusitanis Ber Bor Acostae Small Indian

that have paines in the backe and loi● by reason of the stone in the kidneyes It is also cooling and applyed with Barly flower helpeth inflammation and Saint Anthonies fire it clenseth also either inwardly taken or outwardly used and therefore with vinegar helpeth morphews lepries and the like but these properties are chiefly in the rootes yet the leaves although they be weaker then the roote are not without the qualities of drying and binding and therefore they being taken in wine are good for all fluxes and laskes but that which is called Onochiles or Alcibiadion is more physicall for in taste it hath a greater acrimony and speedily helpeth those that are bitten by a viper whether they eate it or apply it as a salve to the wound or but hang it or tye it to the wound but the little Anchusa which scarse hath a name is like unto the Alcibiadion being more bitter and therefore more fit to give remedy and is good to kill the broad wormes in the body being given to drinke with Hyssope and Cresses thus saith Galen It is of late daies given to those that are bruised by some fall or by beatings or any other casualties as also to drive out the small poxe measles or the like to be drunke in hot drinke Some have said that it will colour waters gellies and the like but Pliny saith it will not dissolve in water but in oyle and so we have it true by experience yet the colour holdeth not long being boyled in oyle butter or other fat thing and therefore the painting that was made therewith by the French Ladies served onely for a small while except they take it while it is fresh but the oyntment that is made with a pint of good sallet oyle wherein two o●es of the rootes of Alkanet and twenty earthwormes hath beene boyled and afterwards str●y●ed forth and kept in a pot is a singular good salve to use for any fresh wounds made either crosse the flesh or deepe thrusts thereunto or into the body as also where nerves and sinewes are to consolidate and knit them againe some of the roote put into Petroleum or oyle of Peter and being let stand till any one needeth it is a singular good remedy to heale any fresh cut or thrust workemen of all sorts that use sharpe and pointed tooles ought to have it familiar among them to use upon all occasions of harme CHAP. XXI Lycopsis Wall Buglosse BEcause this herbe is so like unto the Anchusa that as Dioscorides saith it was called of divers Anchusa and Galen in his time accounted it as a kinde thereof as also that is like unto Echium and other sorts of wilde Buglosse whereof Anchusa is also accounted a species I thinke it fit to joyne it next unto them whose description is as followeth it spreadeth upon the ground with many long and narrow rough or rugged darke greene hairy leaves somewhat like unto the Echium or wilde Buglosse which doe abide in that manner some yeares without sending forth any stalke or flowers at all which divers having marked have thought it never did beare flower or seede but if it or any other plant should doe so how could any man thinke it could come there or any where else where they are found and therefore I am verily perswaded there is no herbe or plant growing upon the ground but hath a kinde of seede whereby it is encreased in all the places where they are naturall I doe neither except the Fearne Maidenhaire Miltwast H●ts tongue Coltsfoote Butter burre or any other whatsoever although I know this my opinion doth not onely contradict divers other more learned mens observations or rather other mens conceites now adaies but it hath beene sufficiently I thinke said before in the Chapter of Cynoglossum that as that so this notwithstanding that it doth not beare a stalke for flowers or seede some yeares yet it is found to beare it in others because divers plants of each kinde have beene found as well with stalkes and flowers as voide and without and when it beareth a stalke which riseth two foote high it carryeth many such like leaves thereon a grow below but set one distant from another without order and smaller up to the toppe where the flowers stand upon the severall branches that it hath spread as also comming forth at the joynts with the leaves like unto the hollow flowers of Echium or Wild Buglosse with uneven and gaping dented brimmes or edges of a pale purple colour with a long stile or pointell in the middle growing out of the flower above the length thereof after which followeth seede like unto Buglosse but not altogether so great or blacke the roote is somewhat wooddy long and not much greater then a finger with some fibres thereat of a brownish red on the outside little or nothing colouring the fingers as the Anchusa's doe 2. Lycopsis Anglica The English Wall Buglosse This Lycopsis differeth very little in leaves stalkes or flowers from the former the onely difference con●eth in that the flowers doe all grow at the toppes of the branches and are of a deeper purple colour with divers threds shooting out of them the roote is a little reddish like the other and giveth as little colour 3. Lycopsis Aegiptiaca Egyptian Wall Buglosse The roote hereof is red the stalke straight and two cubits high with many rough and hard leaves like 〈◊〉 Bramble leaves but long narrow and pointed spread upon the ground and dispersed upon the stalkes but not in that manner the rough wilde Cynoglossum Lycopsis Ang●ica English Wall Buglosse doth the stalke is branched from the middle to the toppe thereof into a number of slender twigges bare or naked of leaves for a good distance and the flowers at the ends of them which are small and of a purple colour made of sixe leaves like a starre The Place The first groweth not farre from the sea-shore about Frontignan neare unto Mompelier as Pena and Lobel say the other Lobel observed in the West country in the way from Bristow and Bath to London the last Ranwolfius saith hee found in a field where corne grew in Egypt The Time These flower about Iuly and sometimes in August The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lycopsis sic dicta ut aliqui volunt quod caulis foliorum florum impexa hirsuties pedem Lupinum imitat vel ut alij ob radicis fuscum ex purpureo colorem a quo Lycopsis derivata fuit id est fuscedo sive obscuritas quaedam qualis est diluculi summi primae lucis quae ortum solis praecedit vel vespertini crepusculi quae vulgus in Gallia inter canem lupum vocat sed alij melius verius ut opinor a florum hiante figura quae lupi fances apertos aemulatur some as you have heard did take the Cynoglossum vulgare to be it as Ruellius and Fuschius in which opinion Matthiolus saith he

Lentill cods hanging by small strings wherein is contained in some one seede in others two in some very blacke in others pa●er and in others of differing colours or partly coloured each whereof being planted a new will spring and beare a plant like the mother 2. Arachus sub terra siliquifera Lusitanica Portugall underground Pease or Cichelings Somewhat like unto the former have we received from Portugall another sort hereof whose slender branches rising not much above a foote high lying for the most part upon the ground had many small narrow leaves set thereon with order up to the toppes where and with the leaves also come forth small reddish flowers which turne into small cods containing small round seede within them the roote shooteth downe right with many fibres thereat and at the head of the roote as also at the other parts spring thicke and short whitish pods especially while they abide under ground but changing darker afterwards containing within them one or two seedes at the most bigger by much than those in the pods above ground and somewat speckled 3. Arachus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Americanus Vnderground Cicheling of America or Indian Earthnuts The Indian Earth-nuts the figure whereof I give you together as they are termed to us by them that have brought them us are very likely to grow from such like plants as are formerly described not onely by the name but by the sight and taste of the thing it selfe for wee have not yet seene the face thereof above ground yet the fruit or Pease-cods as I may so call it is farre larger whose outer huske is thicke and somewhat long round at both ends or a little hooked at the lower end of a 1 2. 3. Arachidna Cretica Honorij Belli Sub terra siliquifera Lusitanica Americana magna Vnder ground Pease or Cichelings of Candy Portugall and a great kinde of America sullen whitish colour on the out side striped and as it were wrinckled bunching out into two parts where the two nuts for they are bigger than any Filberd kernell or Pease doe ' lie joyning close one unto another being somewhat long with the roundnesse firme and solide and of a darke reddish colour on the outside and white within tasting sweet like a Nut but more oily The Place and Time The first was sent out of Candy by Honorius Bellus who found it growing there among corne Pulse unto Ioannes Pona of Verona who set it forth in the description of Mount Baldus and flowred in the end of Summer as the second did that was sent us from Lisbone by Beolius and the last groweth in most places of America as well to the South as West parts thereof both on the maine and Ilands The Names The first is truely taken by Bellus aforesaid to be the Arachidna or Arachydna as Columna hath it or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracoides or Araco similis of Theophrastus mentioned in his first Booke and eleaventh Chapter no other plant yet knowne agreeing so rightly thereunto and describeth it but the fruit groweth as much neere under the ground joyning to the small fibres thereof as above and yet he there saith also that neither of them beare any leafe nor any thing like leaves which how this can stand with sence and reason I know not and therefore many doe suspect the text to be faultie or else he is contrary to himselfe for he saith they beare no lesse fruit under ground than above and then they must beare fruit above ground which how it can be without leaves I see not for I never read heard or saw that any plant bore fruit above ground without stalkes and leaves the comparison unto Aracus also carrying the more probabilitie but surely he was misinformed by those that gathered the rootes with the fruit on them when the stalkes and leaves were withered and gone he never seeing the plant as it is likely or gathering it himselfe the etimologie also of the name being composed of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aracu● and hudnon which is tuber confirmeth a supposall in me that he meant this underground fruit was like the fruit of the foregoing Aracus above ground and such like is the under ground fruit hereof in cods with pease in them but Columna maketh the Terrae glandes before declared to be rather this Arachydna both from the solid rootes under ground and the likenesse of the plant unto Aracus and surely it may be that both these were meant by Theophrastus for he maketh two sorts and both alike in bearing fruit under ground that is Arachidna and Araco similis or Aracoides and we have also two plants as I here shew you Aracus before this and Arachus after it unto which they may be referred the other two sorts are entituled as I thinke it fittest for them the Candiots as Bellus saith call the first 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agriophaci the second was sent me by the name of Lathyrus sub terra siliquifera the last is generally called by our English Sea-men that goe into those parts Earth-nuts erroniously enough as they doe most other things that they there meete with The Vertues There is no propertie found out wherewith this is invested that we can understand of as yet CHAP. XII Arachus sive Cracca Wild Vetches or Tares OF these wilde Vetche there is a greater and a lesser knowne differing from the manured kinde or those referred thereunto whereunto I adjoyne another stranger 1. Arachus sive Cracca major The greater wilde Vetch or Tare This greater kind of wilde Vetch hath a few slender crested stalkes lying on the ground if it finde nothing whereon to rampe or take hold of at the joynts come forth winged leaves that is many set on both sides of a middle ribbe ending in a clasper but lesser than those of Lentills or the manured Vetch the flowers are purple like the Vetch and grow usually but one at a joynt after which come small long blacke cods lesser than Vetches and so is the seede within them but round and not flat as Vetches are the roote is small and perisheth 2. Arachus sive Cracca minor The lesser wilde Vetch or Tare This other wild Vetch differeth in no other thing from the former but in smalnesse except that this hath whitish flowers standing in tufts at the toppes of the stalkes and the cods that follow are shorter and somewhat hairy and the seede within whitish the roote hereof hath small whitish kernells hanging among the fibres 1. Arachus seu Cracca major The greater wilde V●tch or Tare 3. Arachus Iu●icus sive Africanus Corall beads of Guiney 3. Arachus Indicus sive Africanus Corall beades of Guiney This brave plant too tender for our climate groweth like the former but with more store of leaves and flowers and fruit ten or twelve growing together in thicke short and rough brownish red cods the Pease within being roundish and as red shining as if they

about a spanne long apeece or somewhat more the small slender stalkes have small single headed whitish spikes on them smelling like Mosse the rootes are small short threds 7. Spartum minimum Anglicum The smallest English Matweed The smallest English Matweed hath many smal slender round rushes like threds almost foure or five inches long growing thicke together among which the stalkes which are very small have smaller heads and single like the last that is consisting but of one or two small rowes the rootes are long and yellow like the former small English sort 8. Spartum Basili●●nse capillaceo folio The Germane Matweed The Germane Matweed hath sundry rushes rising from the small threddy roote which divide themselves into soft very fine Rushes sometimes but halfe a foote long and sometimes a foote there hath beene no head or spike found with it as yet 9. Spartum vari●gatum Party coloured Matweede The round rushes of this Matweed are seldome above foure or five rising from the roote par●ed red and greene but being transplanted change their beauty and come all to be of one colour this was found on the hills by Frankensise in Germany The Spartum Austriac●● of Clusius I have set forth in my former Booke under the title of Gramen Plumarium The Place and Time The two former sorts grow not onely in Spaine but in divers Islands belonging thereto as the Canaries Maden●● The rest are specified in their titles or discriptions and doe flowrish in the end of Summer The Names As we have formerly shewed you the Spartum Graecorum which is a shrubby kinde of Broome so doe I this 〈◊〉 to be called Spartum latinor● or herba to distinguish it from the other The first is the Spartum of Pliny which was in his time as plentifully growing in Spaine as now and therefore the Tract thereof was called Spart●rius campus wherein new Carthage called Carthagena now standeth and therefore all Writers call it Spartum Plinij or herba onely Dalechampius upon Pliny calleth it Iuncus Ibericus sive Hispanicus and Bauhinus Gramen Sparte●●● primum pannicula comosa The second is also called Spartum Plinij or herba alterum by all but Bauhinus who calleth it Sparteum secundum panicula brevi folliculo inclusa The third is the Spartum herba tertia maritimum of Clusius who calleth it Spartum nostras meaning his owne Country bu● Gerard transferreth this title to our owne Land and so doe I for so he and I might very well doe growing plentifully on the Coasts of Norfolke and Suffolke and in other places with us also The fourth is the Spartum herba quartum Batavicum of Clusius which Lobel calleth Spartum nostras alterum and Bauhinus Gramen Sparteum spica●um latifolium The fifth is the Spartum nostras parvum of Lobel and I have added Anglicum to it in the title being to be found with us as well as with them Bauhinus calleth it Gramen Sparteum Iuncifolium The sixth is the Gramen Sparteum Monspeliense of Bauhinus but it being sent to Doctor Lobel from thence was named as it is in the title which is not much differing The seventh was found in our owne Land and for the smallnesse called minimum The two last are called by Bauhinus Gramen Sparteum with the rest of their titles as I here set them The Italians and Spaniards call in Spart● and the second sort Albardi The Dutch Halm And we in English Helme and M●tweede but the people all along the Coasts of Norfolke and Suffolke call it Marram and may be called Sea Rus●es as well The Vertues We know of no use these have in Physicke but are employed wholly by the Spaniards in all the places where it groweth I meane the Spanish kinde not onely for Mats small and great for Chambers frailes and b●●kers sowed with the same stuffe together or for Bootes Shooes Coates R●pes or Cords and many other such like uses but the second in being softer and not fit for such purposes are used to fill sackes to serve them for beds as we doe with straw to lye upon our Sea kindes are used by diverse both with us and in the Low Countries for Mats Hassocke● and diverse other such like meane workes very serviceable CHAP. XXXVI Equise●um Horsetaile or rough joynted Rushes AS a Complement to finish this history of Rushes let me joyne this unto them forso I thinke they may very well be both for their forme although differing in roughnesse joynts and posture of leaves as place of growing whereof there are many sorts both of the moorish and Vpland grounds as shall be shewed 1. Equisetum majus palustre The greater Marsh Horsetaile The greater Horsetaile that groweth in wet grounds at the first springing hath heads somewhat like to those of Asparagus and after grow to be hard rough hollow stalkes joynted at sundry places up to the toppe a foote high so made as if the lower part were put into the upper whereat grow on each side a bush of small long Rush like hard leaves each part resembling a Horsetaile whereof it came to be so called at the toppes of the stalkes come forth small catkins like unto those of trees the roote creepeth under ground having joynts at sundry places 2. Equisetum palustre Linariae scopariae folio Broad leafed Horsetaile The roote of this Horsetaile creepeth and is joynted like the former the stalkes likewise are a cubit high hollow 1. Equisetum majus palustre The greater Marsh Horsetaile 3. 4. Equisetum palustre minus alterum brevioribu● folij● Small Marsh Horsetaile and Barren Horsetaile 5. Equisetum omnium minus ten●ifolium The smallest and finest leafed Horse taile 7. 8. Equisetum Iunceum sive ●●dum ramosum Naked and branched Rush Horse taile 10. Equisetum foetidum sub aqua repens Stinking Horsetaile and joynted in the same manner set with leaves after the same fashion but that they are bro●●er then those of Tode Flax and like almost unto those of Broome Tode Flax greene rough long and easie to breake what jule or catkins it beareth hath not beene observed 3. Equisetum palustre minus Small Marsh Horse taile This smaller Horse taile differeth not in the manner of growing from the former the chiefest difference resteth in that it is smaller and the leaves or bristles as some call them fewer and shorter that are set at the joynts 4. Equisetum alterum brevioribus folijs Barren Marsh Horse taile This other small Horse taile differeth litle from the last saving that this is often found not to beare any seede as the others doe and yet Bauhinus calleth it Polyspermon as being plentifull in bearing seede at the joynts at some times and in some places 5. Equisetum omnium minus tenuifolium The smallest and finest leafed Horse taile This Horse taile that for the smalnesse and finenesse of the leaves growing in the lower wet grounds in the woods about Highgate not farre from London deserveth also to be numbred with the

Planetree of the East Countries BEcause in the last Chapter it is shewed that the French and others were utterly mistaken in calling the Maple the Plane tree I thought it meetest to shew you which is the true kinde next thereunto and to joyne thereunto another sort brought by Mr Tradescant out of Virginia It riseth up to be a very great tree in time spreading very largely the barke whereof is rugged the leaves are very large cut into five divisions and each of them deepely gashed on the edges greene above and whitish underneath hanging by a slender reddish stalke the flowers are of a pale white colour many set together on a long stalke after which follow sundry round rough bals of the bignesse of Wallnuts made as it were a bur but not sticking wherein lye small seede the wood is firme hard and yellowish browne 2. Platanus Occidentalis aut Virginensis The Plane tree of the West parts or Virginia This Plane tree likewise groweth great and spreadeth fairely whose leaves being broad and large have not so deepe divisions in them and the pills or burres are although somewhat rough with the compleat roundnesse not so sharpe as the former which being set hereby is utterly spoyled in the cutting they grow also many hanging downe from the ends of the branches as in the others 1. Platanus Orientalis verus The true Plane tree of the East Country 2. Platanus Occidentalis aut Virginensis The Plane tree of the West parts or Virginia The Place and Time The former groweth not naturally in any Country of Europe but in Asia Syria Egypt and Africa many and they are planted also by the way sides and in market places for the shadowes sake onely it is found with very few in our Christian world and those onely great lovers of rarities being very tender not enduring without extraordinary care and keeping the cold of our climates the other is but lately brought from Virginia by M. Tradescant The Names It is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke and Platanus in Latine a latè diffusis ramis nomen s●rtita est and by this name all Authours have called it that have written of it The Arabians call it Dulb the Italians Platano the French Platane that it may differre from the Plasne whereby as is said they call the Maple the Germanes know it not and therefore they and the Dutch have no peculier name but as they take it from the French Plane even as we doe also calling it the Plane tree Dioscorides calleth the fruite or burres 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Pliny Pilulae The Virginian being so like the other can have no other name The Vertues Galen saith that the ●lane is of a moist and cold nature but not farre from a temperate and therefore the green leaves bruised and laid on inflammations and hot swellings doe helpe them but the barke and the burres are more drying which being boyled in vinegar is good to gargle the mouth for the paine of the teeth the burres also fryed with fat is good against burnings the burnt barke mixed with water doth clense the skin of any scurfe lepry or other deformities of the skin and doth dry up much also old moist and running ulcers bringing them to cicatrising there is saith Galen and Dioscorides a kinde of dust upon the leaves which every one must be carefull to avoid that it fall not into their eyes or eares least it put them to much paine the burres drunke in wine resisteth the venome of the Scorpion and other venemous creatures the young tender leaves boyled in wine and the eyes bathed therewith that have either rednesse or rheumes falne into them helpeth them CHAP. XXVIII Buxus The Boxe tree THe Boxe tree hath two or three diversities observed therein which shall be shewed here and with them another which divers doe referre hereunto 1. Buxus arbor vulgaris Our common Boxe tree The Boxe tree groweth slowly and seldome groweth to any great body or any great height but when it is suffered after a long time riseth unto twise a mans height and of the bignesse of a mans thigh with a grayish barke but in many places very low spread reasonable well with branches whereon are set many thicke small somewhat long and round pointed leaves abiding alwayes greene larger thicker and greener then any ordinary Mirtle leaves greater or lesser as the bushes be in greatnesse at the foote of the leaves come forth small greenish flowers which turne into whitish round berries with foure points at the toppes with reddish seede within them the wood is very solid close of a whitish yellow colour and so heavy that it sinketh being put into water 2. Buxus auratus Guilded Boxe This guilded Boxe groweth in like manner as the former in some places taller and greater then in others the leaves are altogether like it but that most of the upper leaves in the Summer time will have a yellow list or guard about the edges and in nothing else differing from the other 3. Chamaebuxus minor Small low Boxe This small Boxe groweth never high or great and although neglected or suffered yet still it hath many slender twigs rising from the roote and every branch apt to take roote whereby it may quickely be propagated and encreased the leaves are much smaller and finer then in the former and of a deeper greene colour which never bore flower or seede that I could observe or learne 4. Pseudo chamaebuxus The bastard low Boxe This small low plant lyest most on the ground with the slender rushlike greene branches rooting as it spreadeth and not rising a foote high having divers thicke hard leaves set thereon without order somewhat like unto Boxe leaves or rather Mirtle leaves being for the most part pointed at the ends ever abiding greene at the ends of the branches among the leaves come forth foure or five flowers of the fashion of Pease or Broom blossomes the uppermost part whereof is whitish and yellowish in the middle but purplish lower and in some purple above and yellow below after which come small flat cods like unto the broad Thlaspi containing within them blackish gray round seede like Vetches the roote spreadeth tough long branches in the ground and abideth long The Place and Time The first is found with us in many woods and wood grounds among other sorts of trees it is also planted in divers Orchards or house backe sides where it never groweth high but serveth as a bush to dry Linnen on c. The second hath beene likewise found in sundry places of this land but onely neere those that have it The third groweth also in gardens being planted either as a border to keepe up the beds or as a hedge likewise to dry cloths on The last Clusius found in sundry places of Austria and Hungaria and Cordus on the hils in Bavaria c. The Names Boxe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 adensitate ligni

Egiptian thorne or binding Beane tree DIoscorides hath made mention of two sorts of Acacia the one of Egipt and the other of Cappadocia and Pontus Theophrastus also speaketh of two sorts blacke and white that of Egipt is reasonable well knowne but of that sort of Pontus there is some controversie among Writers some taking one bush to be it and others denying it to be it the differences of Theophrastus sorts are onely expressed in the wood as it is likely the white to rot quickely and the blacke to be long lasting and of very good use to many purposes Dioscorides having described them I shall therefore here shew you them and with them adjoyne another sort of Acacia brought out of the West Indies mentioned by Aldinus in his Farnesian garden 1. Acacia sive Spina Aegyptia vera The true Acacia that is Egiptian thorne or binding Beane tree The Egipt●an Thorne groweth in some places to be a great tree and rather crooked then straight or rising high covered with a blackish barke spreading abroad great armes and branches full of sharpe thornes with many winged leaves set on both sides of them that is with foure winges of leaves on a side made of sundry small ones set opposite on a middle rib without any odde one at the end although it be so expressed Bellonius saith that he counted 350. of those small leaves that were upon the whole branch and yet all of them might but cover his thumbe the flowers grow among the branches like flockes of wooll of a whitish yellow colour where after come somewhat large and thicke huskes like unto the Lupine or flat beane cods blacke when they are ripe and bunched forth against the places where the seedes lye in some three or foure and in some more each as bigge as a small wild Beane round and of a grayish or ash colour almost shining the tree abideth alwayes with greene leaves thereon and yeeldeth of it owne accord a white gumme in small curled peeces like great wormes and greater round peeces if it be wounded 2. Acacia Americana Farnescena The West Indian Acacia or binding Beane tree This Indian Acacia groweth like unto the Hasell nut tree saith Aldinus with many stemmes if they be not cut away that it may rise to be a tree with slender and flexible branches covered with a smooth thinne barke like the Hasell the young ones being of a greenish ash-colour on the North side but that next the Sunne more pale spotted with white spots the leaves hereon are variable which although they be all winged yet some have but foure leaves on a side some have five sixe seven or eight with an odde one at the end each paire set opposite and 1. Acacia vera sive Spina Aegyptiaca The Egiptian Thorne or binding beane tree 2. Acacia Americana Farnesiana The VVest Indian Acacia or binding beane tree like unto Lentilles closing or foulding themselves upon the Sunne setting and opening againe after the rising having at the foote of every stalke two long thornes set reddish at the first and white after the first flowers come forth in the beginning of Iuly after some few leaves have shot forth from the old wood but not in any plenty yet bring the fruite to ripenesse after but in the beginning of September more plentifully yet without any fruite following them these flowers at the first are greene and like a small Strawberry growing yellowish after and whitish within two or theee dayes like unto a pill or small round ball consisting of a flocky or woolly substance many of them set together and have many small threds in the middle with yellow tips of a very sweete sent like unto the sent of Wall flowers which hold their sent long after they are dry from the middle of the flower come forth divers cods yet sometimes but one or two or three and sometimes more greene at the first and blacke when they are ripe like crooked round hornes while they are greene of a very harsh and binding taste but growing ripe they are lesse astringent and the huske more sharpe and then doe somewhat resemble the cods of Lupines but a little crooked being halfe a foote long and about an inch thicke somewhat round and bunched out where the seedes lye which huske is very tough when it is dry wherein are divers hard blacke seedes like unto those of the sweete Beane or Carob tree thrust thicke together without order the wood hereof is hard and whitish but blackest at the heart without either sent or taste this doth in many things agree with the former but the greatest difference is in the huskes with seede this having many and the other but three or foure at the most The like hereunto Lobel mentioneth in his Adversaria pag. 409. that he saw with Master Morgan Queene Elizabeths Apothecary 3. Acacia secunda sive altera Dioscoridis The true second Acacia of Dioscorides This bush hath an upright stemme three cubits high or more covered with a smooth sad greene barke the wood being soft and easie to breake and not very thicke of long thornes the leaves are small standing three together upon the branches the flowers are small and yellow whose succeeding seede seated in small huskes are round hard flat and yellowish somewhat like to Broome seed This shrub seemeth very like to the Aspalathus secundus of Dioscorides but differeth notably therefrom in that the Aspalathus is thicker set with greater whiter and sharper thornes with fewer and smaller leaves flowers and seede vessels and the wood thereof is hard and not easie to be broken The Place and Time The first groweth in Arabia plentifully in many places and mount Sinai and in Egipt also and flowreth and beareth fruite twice a yeare whereby we may well say it beareth ever greene leaves the other came out of the West Indies Aldinus saith his came from Saint Domingo but from whence that which Master Morgan Queene Elizabeth her Apothecary had long agoe as Lobel setteth it downe in Adversaria is not knowne whether it came from thence or no the seedes springing in Cardinall Farnesius his Garden in Rome as it is set forth by the said Aldinus in his description of some rare Indian 3. Acacia secunda seu aliera Dioscoridis The true Acacia of Dioscorides plants growing therein and flowred and bore fruite as it is expressed in the description The last in Candy and Graecia as Pona saith The Names Dioscorides calleth it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Acacia in Latine also and Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spina simply without any other adjective whereof he maketh two sorts as I said alba and nigra the white being weake and quickely rotting the blacke being strong fit to build houses and ships c. Alpinus maketh them to be mas and faemina the male fuller of thornes and without fruite the female having fewer and gentler thornes and those within the branches bearing plentifully Pliny also calleth it Spina Aegyptia in