to Winchester so is there another that passes westward thro' Pamber a thick and woody forest then by some places that are now uninhabited it runs near Litchfield that is the field of carcasses and so to the forest of Chute pleasant for its shady trees and the diversions of hunting where the huntsmen and foresters admire it 's pav'd rising ridge which is plainly visible tho' now and then broken off Now northward in the very limits almost of this County I saw Kings-cleare Kingscleare formerly a seat of the Saxon Kings now a well-frequented market town 11 By it Fremantle in a Park where King John much hunted Sidmanton Sidmanton the seat of the family of Kingsmils Knights and Burgh-cleare Bu gh-cleare that lies under a high hill on the top of which there is a military camp such as our ancestors call'd Burgh surrounded with a large trench and there being a commanding prospect from hence all the country round a Beacon is here fix'd which by fire gives notice to all neighbouring parts of the advance of an enemy These kind of watch-towers we call in our language Beacons from the old word Beacnian i.e. to becken they have been in use here in England for several ages sometimes made of a high pile of wood and sometimes of little barrels fill'd with pitch set on the top of a large pole in places that are most expos'd to view where some always keep watch in the night and formerly also the horsemen call'd Hobelers by our Ancestors were settled in several places to signifie the approach of the enemy by day s This County as well as all the rest we have thus far describ'd belong'd to the West-Saxon Kings and as Marianus tells us when Sigebert was depos'd for his tyrannical oppression of the subject he had this County assign'd him that he might not seem intirely depriv'd of his government But for his repeated crimes they afterward expell'd him out of those parts too and the miserable condition of this depos'd Prince was so far from moving any one's pity that he was forc'd to conceal himself in the wood Anderida and was there killed by a Swine-herd This County has had very few Earls besides those of Winchester which I have before spoken of At the coming in of the Normans one Bogo or Beavose a Saxon had this title who in the battel at Cardiff in Wales fought against the Normans He was a man of great military courage and conduct and while the Monks endeavour'd to extol him by false and legendary tales they have drown'd his valiant exploits in a sort of deep mist From this time we read of no other Earl of this County till the reign of Henry 8. who advanc'd William Fitz-Williams descended from the daughter of the Marquess of Montacute in his elder years to the honours of Earl of Southampton and Lord High Admiral of England But he soon after dying without issue King Edward 6. in the first year of his reign conferr'd that honour upon Thomas Wriotheosley Lord Chancellour of England and his grandson Henry by Henry his son now enjoys that title who in his younger years has arm'd the nobility of his birth with the ornaments of learning and military arts that in his riper age he may employ them in the service of his King and Country There are in this County 253 Parishes and 18 Market Towns ISLE of WIGHT TO this County of Southamton belongs an Island which lies southward in length opposite to it by the Romans formerly call'd Vecta Vectis and Victesis by Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by the Britains Guith by the Saxons Wuitland and Wicþ-ea for they call'd an Island Ea we now call it the Isle of Wight and Whight 'T is separated from the Continent of Britain by so small a rapid channel which they formerly call'd Solent that it seems to have been joyn'd to it whence as Ninnius observes the Britains call'd it Guith which signifies a Separation t For the same reason the learned Julius Scaliger is of opinion that Sicily had it's name from the Latin word Seco because it was broken off and as it were dissected from Italy Whence with submission always to the Criticks I would read that passage in the sixth of Seneca's Natural Quaest. Ab Italia Sicilia resecta and not rejecta as 't is commonly read From the nearness of it's situation and the likeness of it's name we may guess this Vecta to be that Icta which as Diodorus Siculus has it at every tide seem'd to be an Island but at the time of the ebb the ground between this Island and the Continent was so dry that the old Britains us'd to carry their tinn over thither in Carts in order to transport it into France But I cannot think this to be Pliny's Mictis tho' Vecta come very near the name for in that Island there was white lead whereas in this there is not any one vein of metal that I know of This Island from east to west is like a Lentil or of an oval form in length 20 miles and in the middle where 't is broadest 12 miles over the sides lying north and south To say nothing of the abundance of fish in this sea the soil is very fruitful and answers the husbandman's expectation even so far as to yield him corn to export There is every where plenty of rabbets hares partridge and pheasants and it has besides a forest and two parks which are well stock'd with deer for the pleasures of hunting Through the middle of the Island runs a long ridge of hills where is plenty of pasture for sheep whose wool next to that of Lemster and Cotteswold is reckon'd the best and is in so much request with the Clothiers that the inhabitants make a great advantage of it In the northern part there is very good pasturage meadow-ground and wood the southern part is in a manner all a corn country enclos'd with ditches and hedges At each end the sea does so insinuate and thrust in it self from the north that it makes almost two Islands which indeed are call'd so by the inhabitants that on the west side Fresh-water Isle the other on the east Binbridge Isle Bede reckon'd in it in his time 1200 families now it has 36 towns villages and castles and as to its Ecclesiastical Government is under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Winchester but as to it 's Civil under the County of South-hamton The inhabitants facetiously boast how much happier they are than other people since they never had either p 'T is strange why they should add Monks since S. Mary's in Caresbrooke particularly was a Cell of Black Monks belonging first to Lyra in Normandy afterwards to the Abbey of Montgrace in Yorkshire and then to the Cistercians of Sheen Besides this there were in the Island three Priories * Cu 〈…〉 tos 〈◊〉 câ—â—os Newpoâ—â— Monks Lawyers or Foxes The places of greatest note are these Newport
Conjectures upon the British Coins lxxxvii Additions xci Notes upon the Roman Coins xcvii Additions c Destruction of Britain ci Britains of Armorica cv Britains of Wales and Cornwall cvii Picts cix Scots cxiii Saxons cxxi Names of cxxxiii Saxon Coins cxxxvi Danes cli Normans cliii Division of Britain clxiii Degrees of England clxxi Law-Courts of England clxxxiii Discourse concerning Earl-Marshal clxxxix Original and dignity of Earl-Marshal cxciii Danmonii Cornwall 1 Devonshire 25 Durotriges Dorsetshire 43 Belgae Somersetshire 57 Wiltshire 85 Hamshire 113 Isle of Wight 127 Atrebates Barkshire 137 Regni Surrey 153 Sussex 165 Cantium Kent 185 Arsenals for the Royal Navy in Kent 229 Dobuni Glocestershire 231 Oxfordshire 251 Cattieuchlani Buckinghamshire 277 Bedfordshire 285 Hertfordshire 291 Trinobantes Middlesex 307 Essex 339 Iceni Suffolk 367 Norfolk 383 Cambridgeshire 401 Huntingdonshire 419 Coritani Northamptonshire 429 Leicestershire 441 Rutlandshire 455 Lincolnshire 459 Nottinghamshire 481 Derbyshire 489 Cornavii Warwickshire 499 Worcestershire 315 Staffordshire 527 Shropshire 539 Cheshire 553 Silures Herefordshire 573 Radnorshire 585 Brecknockshire 589 Monmouthshire 593 Glamorganshire 609 Dimetae Caermardhinshire 621 Penbrokshire 629 Cardiganshire 641 Ordevices Montgomeryshire 649 Meirionydhshire 655 Caernarvonshire 663 Anglesey Mona 673 Denbighshire 679 Flintshire 687 Princes of Wales 695 Brigantes Yorkshire West-Rid 705 East-Riding 735 North-Riding 749 Richmondshire 757 Bishoprick of Durham 771 Lancashire 787 Westmorland 805 Cumberland 819 Picts-Wall 837 Ottadini Northumberland 847 Large ADDITIONS at the end of each County Explication of the Letters and Figures in the Text. a b c. refer to The Additions at the end of each County where the same Letters answer them a b c. The cursory Remarks at the bottom of the Page 1 2 c. Dr. Holland's Interpolations set in a small Italick at the bottom of the page ENGLAND By Robt. Morden BRITAIN BRitain called also Albion and by the Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the most famous Island of the whole world is divided from the Continent of Europe by the Ocean It lies over against Germany and France in a * Figura Triquetra Triangular form having its three Promontories shooting out three several ways viz. Belerium the Lands end towards the West Cantium the Kentish Foreland towards the East Tarvisium or Orcas Cathness towards the North. On the West between it and Ireland the Vergivian or Irish Sea breaks in on the North it is beaten upon by the vast and wide Northern Ocean on the East where it faceth Germany it is washed by the German Ocean on the South over against France by the British Chanel Thus divided by a convenient distance from these neighbouring Nations and made fit by its open harbors for the traffick of the whole world it seems to have advanc'd it self on all sides into the sea See in Kent as it were for the general benefit of mankind For between Kent and Calais in France it runs so far out into the sea and the Chanel is so contracted that a That Britain was ever by an Isthmus joyn'd Eastward to the Continent of France seems an improbable opinion However see besides Authors cited by Mr. Camden White 's Hist Brit. L. 11. Not. 11. Burton's Comment on Antonin p. 18. 19. Twin de Rebus Albion Britan. Sammes Britan. l. 1. c. 4. Verstegan l. 1. c. 4. Some Foreigners also Dominicus Marius Niger Antonius Volscus Vivianus and Du Bartas have favour'd this groundless fancy some are of opinion that a breach was there made to receive the sea which till that time had been excluded and to confirm it they bring Virgil's Authority in that Verse Et penitus toto divisos orbe Britannos And Britain quite from all the world disjoyn'd Because says Servius Honoratus Britain was anciently joyn'd to the Continent And that of Claudian they urge in imitation of Virgil Nostro diducta Britannia mundo And Britain sever'd from our World And it is not unlikely that the outward face and fashion of the earth may by the Deluge and other causes have been alter'd that some mountains may have been rais'd and heightn'd and many high places may have sunk into plains and valleys lakes and meers may have been dried up and dry places may have become lakes and meers and some Islands may have been torn and broken off from the Continent But whether it be true indeed and whether there were any Islands before the Flood I shall not here argue nor give too rash a judgment upon God's Works All know that the Divine Providence hath dispos'd different things to the same end And indeed it hath always been allow'd as well by Divines as Philosophers that Isles scatter'd in the sea do no less contribute to the beauty of the whole World in general than lakes dispers'd in the Continent and mountains rais'd above plains Livy and Fabius Rusticus have made the Form of this Island to resemble an * Seâ—tulae Oblongae oblong Platter or b See Sir Henry Savil upon this place in Tacitus †Bipâ—nni two edg'd Ax and such certainly is its shape towards the South as Tacitus observes which yet hath been ill apply'd to the whole Island For Northward the vast tract of land shooting forward in the utmost shore groweth narrow and sharp like a wedge The Ancients thought it so great and so very large in circumference The Panegyrick spoken to Constantius falsly entitled to Maximian that Caesar who was the first of the Romans that discover'd it wrote that he had found out another world supposing it to be so great that it seem'd not to be surrounded with the sea but even to encompass the Ocean And Julius Solinus Polybistor asserts that for its largeness it almost deserv'd to be call'd another World Nevertheless our age by the many surveys made by several persons hath now well nigh found the true Dimensions of the whole Isle For from Tarvisium to Belerium reckoning the windings and turnings of the shores along the West side are computed about 912 miles From thence along the Southern coasts to Cantium 320 miles Hence coasting the German Ocean with crooked bays and inlets for 704 miles it reacheth Tarvisium So that by this computation the whole Island is in circuit 1836 miles which measure as it falls much short of Pliny's so is it also somewhat less than Caesar's Com. l. 5. †Schymnus Schitinius Chius is not worth my mentioning who in Apollonius de Mirabilibus having told us strange stories of fruits growing in Britain without kernels and grapes without stones makes its circuit 400 †Stadiis furlongs and no more But Dionysius Afer in his Description of the World hath given a much better account of the British Islands that is Briâ—ain and Ireland 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vast is the compass of the British coasts A like extent no rival Island boasts And with him Aristides and other Greek Writers agree who
to proceed by conjecture than to offer at any positive determination Now this account of our descent from Gomer and Gaule seems much more substantial more antient and better grounded than that from Brutus and Troy Nay I do not despair to prove that our Britains are really the offspring of the Gauls by arguments taken from the name situation religion customs and language of both nations For in all these particulars the most antient Britains and the Gauls seem to have agreed as if they had been but one people That I may prove this assertion give me leave to make a small digression The name As touching the Name because I have spoken of it before thus much only shall be repeated That as the antient Gauls were called Gomeraei Gomeritae and by contraction Cimbri so likewise were our Britains called Cumeri and Kimbri Now that the Gauls were called Gomeri Josephus and Zonaras as I said before do both witness And that they were also called Cimbri may be gather'd out of Cicero and Appian Those Barbarians whom Marius defeated Cicero plainly terms Gauls De Proconsul Caius Marius saith he put a check upon the Gaulish forces who were pouring into Italy And all Historians agree that these were the Cimbri and the Coat-armour of Beleus their King digged up at Aix in Provence where Marius routed them does evince the same For these words Forcatulâ—s out of the French Annalâ— 1235. Beleos Cimbros were engraven upon it in a strange character Also writers do unanimously agree that those were Gauls who under the conduct of Brennus robb'd the Temple of Delphi in Greece and yet that the same were called Cimbri we learn plainly from Appian in his Illyricks The Celta or Gauls saith he who are called Cimbri And now I think it needless to have recourse to Lucan who calls that Ruffian hir'd to kill Marius a Cimbrian whereas Livy and others affirm him to have been a Gaule or to Plutarch by whom the Cimbri are called Galloscythians or to Reinerus Reineccius an excellent Historian who grounding upon Plutarch's words in his Sertorius is very positive that the Gauls and Cimbrians us'd the same language Nor will I insist upon that Cimbrian word which is the only one now extant by Pliny produced out of Philemon to wit Morimarusa Morimarusa i.e. the dead sea which is purely a British word For Mor in the British tongue signifieth Sea and Marw dead Seeing therefore The S tâ—â—tion that these Nations agree in their most antient name whence can we conceive that name should pass over into this Island but along with the first Planters that came hither out of Gaul a country separated from it but by a very narrow chanel For the world was not peopled all at the same time but it must be granted as a certain truth that those countries which lay nearest to the Mountains of Armenia where the ark rested after the flood and from whence mankind was propagated were first of all inhabited As for instance the Lesser Asia and Greece before Italy Italy before Gaule and Gaule before Britain Erasmus Michael â—f Navigation On this occasion we may with satisfaction consider how the great Creator when he fram'd the world contrived such a connexion between the parts of the main land and plac'd the Islands at such convenient distances that no one is so remote but that it is within a clear view of some other land To this end probably that when countries should come to be overburthen'd with people they might see where to discharge themselves till so to the glory of it's Creator the universe in all its parts should be replenish'd with people We may therefore reasonably imagine that the antient Gomeri were either pusht on by such as press'd forward for room or sent abroad to ease an over-peopled country or carry'd from home by the natural itch which mankind hath to see foreign countries Upon some one or other of these accounts those antient Gomeri might probably at first cross over the chanel into this our Island which lay so near them that they could easily discern it from the Continent Reason it self also tells us that every country must have received its first Inhabitants rather from neighbouring than from remote places Who would not judge that Cyprus had its first Inhabitants r This opinion of peopling Britain from Gaule is opposed by some who are inclin'd rather to think they came from Germany not only because Caesar telling us the Inland Britains were Aborigines seems to imply that he could not discover any thing of the Gaulish tongue among them but also Tacitus's inferring from the make of their limbs and other circumstances that the Germans planted the most northern parts of it from Asia next to it Crete and Sicily from their neighbour Greece Corsica from Italy and to come nearer home Zealand from Germany bordering upon it or Iseland from Norway rather than from the remote parts of Tartary or Mauritania In like manner why should we not think that our Britain was first of all peopled by the Gauls which were our next Neighbours rather than that the Trojans Italians Albans or Brutians who lye at such a vast distance from it were its first Inhabitants Nor indeed do writers fetch the first Inhabitants of Britain from any other place than from Gaul its next neighbour The innermost parts of Britain saith Caesar are inhabited by those who according to tradition are believed to be Aborigines the Sea-Coasts by such as came out of Belgium in Gaul on purpose to make new conquests and these people are generally called by the names of those cities from whence they came now they are settled in their new Plantations For there were in Britain as well as in Gaul people called Belgae Atrebatii Parisii Cenomanni c. Tacitus also saith If we consider all circumstances 't is probable that the Gauls first peopled Britain which lyes so near them Bede too among all our writers a most constant friend to truth gives this as his opinion At first saith he this Island was inhabited only by those Britains from whom also it took its name who from Armorica as 't is said crossed over into Britain and there planted themselves upon the Southern Coasts The Armorican Tract he calls the Sea-coasts of Gaul which lye directly opposite to our Island It makes also very much to our purpose that Caesar relates how in his time Divitiacus who govern'd a great part of Gaul had Britain also at the same time under his Dominion And what is of yet greater moment Britains in Gaul Some Copies of Pliny have Bâ—â—anni nâ—t Britanni Pliny reckons the Britanni or Britains among the maritim people of Gaul and places them right over against our Island of Britain near the County of Bullen as also Dionysius Afer a more antient writer hath done in these verses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉
represented by them and hence that of Virgil Purpureaque intexti tollant aulaea Britanni And how the tap'stry where themselves are wrought The British slaves pull down And the Britains were not only appointed to serve the theater In the Gardens of Cardinal de Carpento but also tho' this is by the by the Emperor's Sedan as appears by an old Inscription of that age which makes mention of a Decurio over the British * Lecticartorum Sedan-men Of this Conquest of Caesar's thus an ancient poet Vis invicta viri reparata classe Britannos Vicit hostiles Rheni compescuit undas Unconquer'd force his fleet new rigg'd o'recame The British Troops and Rhine's rebellious Stream To this also may be referr'd that of Claudian concerning the Roman valour Nec stetit oceano remisque ingressa profundum Vincendos alio quaesivit in orbe Britannos Nor stop'd he here but urg'd the boundless flood And sought new British Worlds to be subdued Moreover Cicero in a poem now lost intitl'd Quadrigae extols Caesar for his exploits in Britain to the very skies in a poetical chariot as it were and this we have upon the authority of Ferrerius Pedemontanus For thus he writes I will draw Britain in your colours but with my own pencil However others are of opinion that he only frighted the Britains by a successful battle or as Lucan says who was hardly just to Caesar Territa quaesitis ostendit terga Britannis Fled from the Britains whom his arms had sought Tacitus a grave solid Author writes that he did not conquer Britain but only shew'd it to the Romans Horace hints as if he only touch'd it when flattering Augustus he says the Britains were * Iâ—tactum not meddled withall Intactus aut Britannus ut descenderet Sacra catenatus via Or Britains yet untouch'd in chains should come To grace thy triumph through the streets of Rome And Propertius Te manet invictus Romano Marte Britannus Britain that scorn'd the yoak of our command Expects her fate from your victorious hand So far is that of the Court-historian Velleius Peterculus from being true Caesar pass'd twice through Britain when it was hardly ever enter'd by him For many years after this expedition of Caesar this Island was subject to its own Kings Dio. and govern'd by its own Laws Augustus Augustus seems out of policy to have neglected this Island for he calls it wisdom as Tacitus says and perhaps it really seem'd so to him that the Roman Empire should be bounded i.e. that the Ocean the Istre and the Euphrates were the limits which nature had set to it that so it might be an adamantine Empire for so Augustus expresses it in Julian and not In the Caeâ—ars like a ship which is too big prove unweildly and sink under its own weight and greatness as it has usually happen'd to other great States Or else as Strabo thinks he contemn'd it as if its enmity was neither worth fearing nor its benefit worth having and yet they thought no small damage might be done them by those other Countreys about it But whatever might be the cause this is certain that after Julius and the Civil Wars of the Empire broke out Britain for a long while was not heeded by the Romans even in peaceful times Yet at last Augustus was on his Journey from Rome to invade Britain Whereupon Horace at that time to Fortune at Antium Serves iturum Caesarem in ultimos Orbis Britannos Preserve great Caesar while his arms he bends To seek new foes in Britain's farthest lands And after he had gone as far as Gaul the Britains sent their addresses to him for peace and some petty Princes of them having obtained his favour by Embassies and their good services made oblations in the Capitol Strabo and made the whole Island almost intimate and familiar to the Romans so that they paid all imposts very contentedly as they do at this day for such commodities as were convey'd to and fro between Gaul and Britain Now these were ivory bridles * Torques Chains amber and glass Vessels and such like poor common sort of ware And therefore there needs no garison in that Island For it would require at least one Legion and some hâ—rse if tribute was to be rais'd out of it and that would hardly defray the charge of the garison for the imposts must necessarily be abated if a tribute was impos'd and when violent courses are once taken danger may be look'd for The next year likewise he intended to make a descent into Britain for breach of treaty and covenants but he was diverted by an insurrection of the Cantabri and others in Spain And therefore there is no reason to believe Landinus Servius or Philargirus who would conclude that Augustus triumph'd over the Britains from those verses of Virgil Et duo rapta manu diverso ex hoste trophaea Bisque triumphatas utroque a littore gentes Gain'd from two foes two trophies in his hands Two nations conquer'd on the neighbouring strands To that surrender of the Britains without question this of Horace relates Caelo tonantem credidimus Jovem Regnare praesens divus habebitur Augustus adjectis Britannis Imperio gravibusque Persis When thundring Jove we heard before Trembling we own'd his heavenly power To Caesar now we 'll humbly bow Caesar's a greater god below When conquer'd Britain sheaths her sword And haughty Persia calls him Lord. Tiberius Tiberius seems to have follow'd the counsel of Augustus and not to have been ambitious of extending the bounds of his empire for he produc'd a book written by Augustus's own hand containing the account of the Empire how many citizens and allies were in arms the number of fleets kingdoms provinces tributes or imposts belonging to the State with his advice at last of keeping the Empire within bounds VVhich in particuar as Tacitus says pleas'd him so well that he made no attempt upon Britain nor kept any garison there For where Tacitus reckons up the legions and in what countreys they were garison'd at that time he makes no mention of Britain Yet the Britains seem to have continued in amity with the Romans For Germanicus being on a voyage at that time and some of his men being driven by stress of weather upon this Island the petty Princes here sent them home again It is evident enough that Caius Caesar did design to invade this Island C. Caligula but his own fickle and unsteady temper and the ill success of his great armies in Germany prevented it Suetonius in Caligula For to the end he might terrifie Britain and Germany to both which he threaten'd an invasion with the same of some prodigious work he made a bridge between the Baiae and the Piles of Puteoli three miles and six hundred paces in length But did nothing more in this expedition than receive Adminius Adminius the son of Cunobellin a King of the
length we had the better of them The enemy got off with a small loss for it was now towards night After this they had several skirmishes but generally in woods and marshes upon the incursions of the one or other either by accident or design and bravery sometimes to rob and pillage sometimes to revenge sometimes by their officers command and sometimes without But the chief provocation was the obstinacy of the Silures who were exasperated at a saying of the Roman General 's which was that as the Sugambri were destroyed and transported into Gaule so the name of the Silures should utterly be extinguish'd In this heat two companies of our auxiliaries sent out rashly by some greedy officers to pillage were intercepted by them and they by distributing the spoil and prisoners drew the other nations to a revolt In this posture of affairs Ostorius dies being quite spent with fatigue and trouble The enemy rejoyc'd at it as at the death of a General no ways contemptible and the rather because though he did not fall in a battle yet he expir'd under the burthen of that war Didius Avitus Gallus Propraetor But Caesar having advice of the death of his lieutenant lest the province should be destitute of a governor sent A. Didius to succeed His voyage thither was quick and successful yet he found not things answerable there Manlius Valens with his legion having fought the enemy with great loss and they magnified their victory to daunt the new general he likewise enlarg'd the news of it with the same policy that he might gain the more reputation if he quieted the present troubles and might the easier be pardon'd if he did not The Silures took their advantage now and made great incursions till at last they were driven back by Didius About this time died Claudius and Nero Nero. who was not at all of a warlike temper succeeding him thought of drawing his forces out of Britain and if it had not been the shame to detract from Claudius's glory that restrain'd him he had certainly recall'd them Caractacus being taken prisoner Venutius Venutius born among the * Forte Brigantium in the margin Jugantes the most experienc'd souldier of the Britains who had been long protected by the Romans and faithful to them during his marriage with Queen Cartismandua now revolts from us upon an outfall with her which at last grew into an open war At first the quarrel was betwixt themselves only and Venutius 's brother and relations were slyly intercepted by Cartismandua This action incens'd them and with a spur of ignominy that they should be thus conquer'd by a woman they invaded her kingdom with a strong body of arm'd and choice youths We foreseeing this had sent some Cohorts thither to assist her who began a sharp fight which at the first was doubtful but at last well and prosperous on our side A legion also commanded by Cesius Nasica came off with as good success For Didius being pretty old and much honour'd for his bravery and conduct thought it sufficient to manage the war by his Officers What had been conquer'd by his predecessors he took care to keep enlarging the extent of his frontier-garisons a little that he might be said to have made some addition to the old conquests Though these things were transacted under two Propraetors Ostorius and Didius in many years yet I have given a joint account of them lest the stories might be worse apprehended by being sorted Verannius Propraetor To Didius Avitus Verannius succeeded who after some small incursions made into the Country of the Silures was by death hinder'd carrying on the war any farther He had the character of a severe General in his life time and shew'd himself ambitious by his last Will. For after much flattery to Nero he added that if he had but liv'd two years longer he would have conquer'd the whole Province Paulinus Suetonius Propraetor Paulinus Suetonius was the next Propraetor of Britain for his conduct and reputation among the People who are ever making comparisons equal to Corbulo and ambitious to come up to his honour in reducing Armenia by defeating the rebels here He prepares therefore to invade the Isle of Mona The Island of Mona which was strongly peopled and had been a constant harbour for all fugitives For this end he made flat bottom'd vessels because the Sea is shallow and dangerous towards the shore there Thus the foot being pass'd over the horse follow'd by the ford or by swiming if the water was high The enemy stood arm'd on the shore to withstand them very thick and numerous with the women running up and down among them like furies in a mourning dress their hair loose and firebrands in their hands with the Druids Druids around them holding up their hands towards heaven with dreadful curses and imprecations this strange sight amaz'd the soldiers who stood stock still as if they had lost the use of their limbs helpless and exposed to the enemy But at last encouraged by their General and animating one another not to fear a rout of women and frantick people they display'd their Ensigns and march'd on defeating such as encounter'd them and beating them down scorch'd and rouling in their own fires After this they garison'd * Vicis al. victis the towns of the Island and cut down their woods which by reason of the superstitious and cruel rites and sacrifices there were esteem'd holy For they thought it lawful to offer the blood of Captives as sacrifice upon their Altars and to consult their Gods by the bowels and fibres of men During this action news was brought Suetonius of the Provinces revolt Prasutagus Prasutagus King of the Iceni famous for his treasure had made Caesar and his two Daughters heirs to him thinking by this respect and complement to preserve his Kingdom and family from all wrong and injury Which happen'd quite otherwise so that his Kingdom was made a prey by the captains and his house pillaged by the slaves His wife * Boodicea called also Boudicea and Voadica Boodicea to begin the Tragedy was whipp'd and his daughters ravished And as if the whole was now become lawful booty the chief of the Iceni were deprived of their paternal estates and those of the Blood-royal treated as the meanest slaves Upon this insult and to prevent worse since they were now reduced into a Province the people began to murmur at such treatments to confer injuries with one another and aggravate every thing by the worst construction they could give it That their patience would only signifie thus much their taking one injury would bring on another That heretofore every State had its own King but now they were subjected to two the Lieutenant and the Procurator the first of whom preyed upon their blood the other upon their estates That either the enmity or the friendship of their Governors proved equally pernicious the one
of Atilius Rufus Lieutenant and reserv'd for some persons of quality was designed for him 'T was also commonly thought that he sent a Free-man one of his Cabinet-Council to Agricola with a Commission for Syria and instructions that if he were in Britain it should be delivered and that the messenger meeting Agricola upon the sea spoke not one word of it but returned with it to Domitian yet whether this be true or a bare surmise as agreeable enough by the carriage of that Prince is uncertain However Agricola had surrendered up his Province peaceable and quiet to his Successor And now that his entry to Rome might be obscure and private he came as he was order'd by night into the city and at night was admitted into the Palace where the Emperor receiv'd him with a dry kiss and spoke not one word to him and so drew off among the rest of the Attendants Agricola's successor according to some was Cn. Trebellius in my opinion Salustius Lucullus Sallustius Luâ—â—â—lus Lieutenant of Bâ—itain Arviragus the Britain who was soon put to death by Domitian for suffering a new sort of spears to be called Lameae Luculleae At which time f Stilling sleet's Orig. Britan. p. 35. Arviragus flourisht in this Island and not in Claudius's time as Geffry of Monmouth imagines For that of Juvenal is to be understood of Domitian Omen habes inquit magni clarique triumphi Regem aliquem capies aut de temone Britanno Excidet * Calâ—â—d Arbela in an old Scholiast of Juvenal Arviragus The mighty omen see He cries of some illustrious victory Some captive King thee his new Lord shall own Or from his British chariot headlong thrown The proud Arviragus comes tumbling down Then also flourished at Rome Claudia Rufina a British Lady eminent for her extraordinary beauty and learning commended by Martial in these verses Claudia caeruleis cum sit Rufina Britannis Edita cur Latiae pectora plebis habet Quale decus formae Romanam credere matres Italides possunt Atthides esse suam Among the painted Britains Claudia born By what strange arts did you to Roman turn What shapes what heavenly charms enough to raise A noble strife in Italy and Greece This is she that St. Paul mentions in his second Epistle to Timothy according to J. Bale and Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury nor is it inconsistent with Chronology though others differ from that opinion And thus in Domitian's time Britain a Province the farther part of this Island was left to the Barbarians as neither pleasant nor fruitful but this hither part was fairly reduced to a compleat Province which was not govern'd by Consular or Proconsular Deputies Britain â— Praesidiâ—l Province but was counted Praesidial and appropriate to the Caesars as being a Province annext to the Empire after the division of Provinces made by Augustus and having Propraetors of its own Afterwards when Constantine the Great had new model'd the Commonwealth this Province was govern'd by a Deputy under the Praetorian Lieutenant of Gaul together with the Count of Britain the Count of the Saxon shore throughout Britain and the Duke of Britain in times of war besides praesidents receivers c. But farther out of those 29 Legions which were the constant and standing guard of the Roman Empire What Legions were in Britain Dio 55. three of them were garison'd here namely the Legio secunda Augusta the Legio sexta victrix and the vicesima victrix But this is to be understood of Severus's time for before that we find there were other Legions here and many more And although Strabo writes that one * Ordo Legion of soldiers was sufficient to command Britain yet under Claudius the Legio secunda Augusta the Legio 9. of Spain and the 14th Legion call'd Gemina Martia victrix were kept here nay even in Vespasian's time Josephus tells us there were four Legions garison'd in this Island The words are Britain is encompassed with the sea and is not much less than our world The inhabitants are subject to the Romans who keep the numerous people of that Island in subjection with four Legions â—â—iâ—ine of Cities And doubtless these stations and garisons of the Legions and Roman soldiers a Upon this account it is that so many of our famous Towns end in châ—ster which is nothing but the remains of the old Roman Castra prov'd very often the foundations of Towns and Cities and that not only in other Provinces â—he Roâ—an yoke but in Britain too Thus the yoke of subjection was first laid upon the Britains by troops and garisons which were constantly kept here to the great terror of the Inhabitants and then by tribute and imposts upon which account they had their Publicans that is to say Cormorants and Leeches to suck the blood out of them to confiscate their goods and exact tribute Mortuo â—um noâ—â—ne in the name of the dead They were not permitted so much as to enjoy the laws of their own country but had their courts and benches fill'd by such Magistrates as the Romans sent them â—owardus 〈◊〉 his Proâ—â—bunalia with their rods and axes For the Provinces had their Propraetors Legats Praesidents Praetors and Proconsuls and each particular City its peculiar Magistrates The Praetor held a kind of Assize once every year and then decided all causes of more than ordinary consequence sitting in great state upon a high Tribunal with his Lictors round him bearing rods and axes for the awe and punishment of the people This Magistrate was every year to be appointed anew but that was not all neither they fomented discord and faction among the people giving great countenance to such as they could make tools of to enslave others Yet however grievous this yoke was it prov'd of very good consequence to us For together with it came in the blessed Doctrine of Christ Jesus of which hereafter and upon the light of his glorious Empire barbarism soon vanish'd from among the Britains as it had done in all other places upon the approach of it For Rome as Rutilius says Legiferis mundum complexa triumphis Foedere communi vivere cuncta facit Triumphant all the world commands And with new laws unites the conquer'd lands And in another place very elegantly and very truly to the same Fecisti patriam diversis gentibus unam Profuit injustis te dominante capi Dumque offers victis proprii consortia juris Urbem fecisti quod priùs orbis erat All countries now in one vast nation joyn And happily subdu'd their Rites resign Thy juster laws are every where obey'd And a great city of the world is made For not to mention the other Provinces the Romans by planting their Colonies here and reducing the natives under the forms of Civil Government and Society by instructing them in the liberal Arts and sending them into Gaul to learn the laws of the Roman Empire whence that of
to defend the Inhabitants against all Invasions This is the reason that in all Carausius's silver Coins we find two Emperors shaking hands with this Inscription round it CONCORDIA â—ugustoâ—m AUGG. Maximian now march'd with his army against the Franks who then inhabited Batavia and had assisted Carausius but were unexpectedly so surpriz'd by him that they forthwith submitted themselves In the mean time Carausius govern'd Britain with great authority and in perfect peace he repair'd the wall between the mouth of the Clud and Carun to keep out the Barbarians as Ninnius Eluodugus's Scholar tells us and fortified the same with seven castles and moreover built a round house of hewen stone upon the bank of the river Carun so called from him with a triumphal Arch in memory of his Victory However Buchanan thinks it to have been Terminus's Temple as we shall observe in Scotland When Dioclesian and Maximian had made Constantius Chlorus and Maximianus Galerius fellow partners of the Empire with them to the end they might better keep what they had got and recover what they had lost Constantius having raised an Army marches towards Bononia in Gaul otherwise called Gessoriacum which Carausius had strongly garison'd and invested the place sooner than was imagined blocking up the haven with huge timber beams struck down in it and by heaps of great stones which notwithstanding the shock and violence of the sea continued firm for many days together But as soon as the Town was surrender'd it was so shaken by the first tide that the whole work was disjointed and fell to pieces Eumenius the Panegyrist And while his Fleet was getting ready for his British expedition he cleared Batavia of the Franks who were then possessed of it and transplanted many of them to cultivate some barren places of the Empire C. Alectus Emp. In this juncture of affairs Carausius was treacherously slain by Allectus his bosom friend and prime Minister who thereupon usurp'd the Government to himself Upon this news Constantius mann'd out several distinct Fleets so that Alectus knowing neither what course to take nor where to expect him grew sensible the Ocean was not so much his fence and refuge as his Prison The Fleet setting out in bad weather and when the sea ran high had the fortune by reason of a mist to escape the British Navy which lay out by the Isle of Wight to observe and attend them and therefore as soon as he had arrived and put his army ashore he set fire to his whole fleet that there might be no hopes of refuge but in victory Allectus as soon as he saw Constantius's fleet upon the coast left the shore where he had posted himself and in his flight was accidentally met and encountred by Asclepiodotus Captain of the Life-guard but his confusion was such that as if he had been under an alienation of mind at that time he run on desperately to his own ruine for he neither drew up his army nor put his cavalry in any order but with his barbarous mercenaries after he had put off his Robes that they might not discover him rush'd upon the enemy and so in a tumultuary skirmish was kill'd without any note of distinction about him For which reason they had much ado to find him among the dead bodies which lay in heaps about the field and on the hills The Franks and other surviving Barbarians upon this determined to plunder London and escape by sea with the booty but a party of ours that were separated from the army in foggy weather coming luckily to London at the same time fell upon them and pursu'd them up and down the streets with a great slaughter not only to the rescue and safety of the Citizens but also to their great pleasure in being eye-witnesses of the rout By this victory the Province was recovered after it had been seven years or thereabouts governed by Carausius and three more by Allectus Upon this account Eumenius writes thus to Constantius O important victory worthy of many triumphs by this Britain is restored by this the Franks are defeated and other nations in that confederacy reduc'd to their due obedience To conclude the sea it self is scour'd to compleat our quiet You great Caesar as for your part may with justice glory in this discovery of another world and by repairing the Roman Navy of adding a greater Element to the Roman Empire A little lower also Britain is so perfectly reduced that all the nations of that Island are under an absolute subjection Persecuâ—ion in Britain Towards the end of Dioclesian's and Maximian's reign when the long and bloody persecution in the Eastern Church broke out in the Western Church also with great violence many Christians suffered martydrom in it The chief among them was Albanus Verolamiensis St. Alban Julius and Aaron a citizen of Exeter of which in their places For the Church surviv'd them with great triumph and happiness being not even by a continued persecution for ten years together stifled or destroyed Constantius Chloâ—us Emp. Dioclesian and Maximian having abdicated the Empire Constantius Chlorus who till that time governed the Commonwealth under the title of Caesar was made Emperor To his share fell Italy Africa Spain Gaul and Britain Italy and Africa he surrender'd to Galerius and contented himself with the rest Being a Soldier in Britain under Aurelian he marry'd Helena the daughter of Coelus or Caelius a petty Prince here and by her had that Constantine the Great in Britain For in this all writers do agree with the great Baronius Baronius Hist Eces a See the learned Lipsius's opinion of this matter in hâ—s Letter to Mr. Camden publisht among his Epistles pag. 64. See also Usher's Antiquitates Britannicarum Ecclesiarum pag. 93. fol. cap. 8. except one or two modern Greeks who are but inconsiderable and vary from one another and a certain eminent person who grounds upon a faulty passage of J. Firmicus Chlorus was compell'd by Maximian to divorce this wife and marry his daughter Theodora This Helena Helena is the same who in old Inscriptions is call'd Venerabilis Piissima Augusta both for her Christian piety her suppressing of Idols at Jerusalem erecting a Church in the spot where Christ suffered and for the good invention of the Cross so mightily celebrated by Ecclesiastical writers Yet the Jews and Gentiles call her in reproach Stabularia because the Manger where Christ was laid was sought out by this pious Princess and a Church built by her in the place where the stable stood Of the â—â—th of Theodosiuâ— Hence St. Ambrose They tell us that this Lady was first an Inn-keeper c. This good Inn-keeper Helena went to Jerusalem and there found out the place of our Lord's passion and the manger where her Lord lay This good Inn-keeper was not ignorant of him who cur'd the traveller that the robbers had wounded This good Inn-keeper did not care how
〈…〉 l. 1. 〈◊〉 p. 〈…〉 Olaus Wormius which together with the meeting of two military ways near it induc'd a late Author to believe that this is the very place where Aethelred and Aelfred fought with the Danes in the year 871. q Our next place is Oxford Oxfâ—â—â— the oldest Saxon name whereof is Oxnaford The Antiquity of this famous place has deservedly employ'd several eminent pens and to give so much as an Abridgement of the Controversie between the two Universities in this point as it would bâ— extreme difficult so would it be too large for a work of this general nature Let it be sufficient for us to follow our Author by the light of clear History from the time of King Alfred who as he observes built here three Colleges He seems to have had the story from John Rouse of Warwick who farther asserts that the first was founded at the east-East-end of High-street endow'd with competent Salaries for 26 Grammarians and call'd Little-University-Hall the second in School-street for the maintenance of 26 Students in Logick and Philosophy and call'd the Less-University-Hall and the third in High street near to the first but higher to the West with endowment for 26 Divines and call'd Great-University-Hall now University-College r The occasion upon which Matthew Paris gave the University such an honourable title An. 1256. was the Bishop of Lincoln's encroaching upon the Liberties of the University Whereupon they sent Delegates to the King at St. Albans to whom he made this remarkable Address in behalf of them Domine pro Domino curam habe de Ecclesia jam vacillante Universitas enim Parisiensis tot altrix magistra sanctorum Praelatorum non mediocriter perturbatur Si similiter uno tempore perturbetur Oxoniensis Universitas cum sit schola secunda Ecclesiae imo Ecclesiae fundamentum timendum est vehementer ne Ecclesia tota ruinam patiatur s The design of Baliol College Bâ—liâ—l College was only laid by Sir John Baliol who settl'd yearly Exhibitions upon some scholars till he should provide them a fit house and other accommodations And at his death a little before Whitsuntide An. 1269. he recommended to his wife and Executors this pious project Upon which his Relict Dervorguill settl'd those Exhibitioners in a Tenement which she hir'd of the University in Horsmunger-street now Canditch and prescrib'd Statutes for their government An. 1282. Afterwards in the year 1284. she purchas'd another tenement near the same place call'd Mary's Hall and when she had repair'd it the Society were here settl'd by her Charter confirm'd by her son Sir John de Baliol afterwards King of Scots and by Oliver B. of Lincoln t Merton Merton College was first founded at Maldon in Surrey in the year 1264. and being translated to St. John Baptist street in Oxford An. 1267. receiv'd the last Statutes of the wise Founder in the year 1274. u The restoring of K. Alfred's Foundation is by Stow and Holinshed ascrib'd to William Caerliph B. of Durham in the reign of William the Conquerour and by Leland as falsly to William Shirwood Chancellour of Lincoln But our Author has here rightly assign'd it to William Archdeacon of Durham who dying in the year 1249. left 310 marks to the Chancellour and Masters of the University Universâ—â—y for the maintenance of 10 11 or 12. Masters with which money about 30 years after the Donor's death a Society was here establish'd An. 1280. and their Statutes prescrib'd by the University in the year 1292. w Walter Stapledon B. of Exeter Exeteâ— upon his first design of a Foundation for Scholars purchas'd Hart-Hall and Arthur-Hall in the year 1314. and there instituted a Society for a Rector and 12 Scholars But finding the place too narrow for his design he bought ground for a new site in the Parish of S. Mildred and having built convenient Lodgings translated his Society to this house call'd at first Stapledon's-Inn then Exeter-College x The honour of the Foundation of Oriel Oriel College is attributed to K. Edw. 2. tho' he did little more than grant Licence to Adam de Brom his Almoner Apr. 20. 1324. to build and endow a College to be call'd by the name of S. Maries house To this Society K. Edw. 3 in the first of his reign gave a Tenement call'd Le Oriele on which ground stands the College so called The present St. Mary-Hall was a long time the Parsonage-house to the Rectors of St. Maries which Church with it's appurtenances being appropriated by K. Edw. 2. An. 1325. to the College then founded by Adam de Brom the house came also into their possession and was soon after allotted to the residence of Students y Queens â—â—ens College owes it's name to Queen Philippa but it 's Foundation to her Chaplain Robert de Eglesfield Rector of Burgh under Stanmore in Westmorland who by the Queen's favour in the year 1340. purchas'd the ground and erected a Collegiate-Hall to be call'd Aula Scholarium Reginae de Oxon. The Revenues of it have been much improv'd by several Benefactors and there is now under the government of Dr. Timothy Halton a very stately Library in building It was begun upon occasion of the Legacy of Dr. Thomas Barlow the late learned Bishop of Lincoln and formerly Provost of this College who by Will bestow'd upon it the greatest part of his Books giving the rest to Bodley's Library whereof he had been Keeper z That munificent Prelate William de Wickham lâ—id the design of New-College 〈◊〉 â—â—ege in the year 1369. and having at several times purchas'd ground sufficient for it obtain'd the King's Licence June 30. An. 1379. 3 Rich. 2. and on the 5th of March following laid himself the first stone It was finish'd An. 1386. wherein Apr. 14. the Warden and Fellows were admitted with solemn Procession â—â—coln aa Lincoln-College was begun An. 1427. 6 Hen. 6. for a Seminary of Divines to confute the Doctrines of Wicliff slightly endow'd only with the Appropriation of 3 Parish Churches in Oxford and therefore wanted another Founder Thomas Rotheram Bishop of Lincoln who in the year 1475. finish'd the building of the College enereas'd their Revenâ—es and gave them Statutes An. 1479. bb This Glocester-College â—â—cester 〈◊〉 was not built as our Author affirms at the charge of the Monks but by John Giffard Baron of Brimsfield who in the 11 Ed. 1. for the good of his soul and that of Maud de Longspe his wife founded this Cell for the maintenance of 13 Monks from the Benâ—dictine Convent of Glocester At the suppression of Religious-houses it was given by Hen. 8. for a Palace to the Bishops of Oxford but reverting to the Crown was at last purchas'd by Sir Tho. White Founder of St. John's and being transmitted to the use of Principal and Scholars is now call'd Glocester-Hall â—ouls cc All-souls College was begun by Henry Chicheley after the Foundation of a College
government of these parts Take here a view of one or two of his Coins though I have given you both these and others of his before Adminius his son when banisht by his Father betook himself with a small body of men to C. Caligula to whom he surrender'd himself This so buoy'd up the young Emperour that as if he had conquer'd the whole Island he sent boasting Letters to Rome ordering the Messengers over and over that they should not be deliver'd to the Consuls but in the Temple of Mars or in a full Senate After the death of Cunobilin Aulus Plautius by commission from the Emperour Claudius made an attempt upon this Country Togodâ—mnus the one of Cunobilin's sons he slew the other Caratacus he conquer'd and as it is in the Fasti Capitolini †Ovans triumphavit had a Triumph upon it with so much splendor and greatness that as Suetonius tells us Claudius himself walk'd side by side with him both as he went into the Capitol and came out of it Then the Emperour in person presently transports his forces and in a few months reduces it into the form of a Province From that time the Trinobantes had no more wars only under Nero they enter'd into a combination with the Iceni to shake off the Roman yoke but this insurrection was quickly suppress'd by Suetonius Paulinus and as Tacitus has deliver'd it not without great loss on the Britains side When the Roman Government in this Island came to an end Vortigern the Britain as Ninnius tells us when he was took prisoner by the Saxons gave this Country for his ransom which for a long while after had its Kings but they were such only as held either from the Kings of Kent or Mercia Of these Seberht was the first that embrac'd Christianity in the year 603. and Cuthred the last who being conquer'd by Egbert in the year 804. left the kingdom to the West-Saxons But of these things more largely in another place now let us survey the Countrey it self MIDDLESEX MIDLESEX By Robt. Morden Stanes Stanes in Saxon Stana offers it self first in the very Western limit where there is a * Sublicius wooden bridge over the Thames As to the name it had it from a boundary stone formerly set up here to mark out the extent of the City of London's Jurisdiction in the river Near this stone there is a famous meadow call'd Runing-mead Runing-mead and commonly Renimed wherein was a great Meeting of the Nobility in the year 1215. to demand their Liberties of King John Upon the Thames's running by the place the Author of the Marriage of Tame and Isis has this touch Subluit hic pratum quod dixit Renimed Anglus Quo sedêre duces armis annisque verendi Regis Joannis cuperent qui vertere sceptrum Edwardi Sancti dum leges juráque vellent Principe contempto tenebroso è carcere duci Hinc sonuere tubae plusquam civilia bella Venit hinc refugus nostras Lodovicus in oras Now Renimed upon the bank appears Where men renown'd for honour arms and years Met to reform the State controul the King And Edward 's Laws from long oblivion bring Hence more than civil wars the land opprest And Lewis with his French the Rebels strength increast See the Romans in Britain Then it passes by Coway-stakes near Lalam where as we observ'd Caesar pass'd the Thames and the Britains to prevent him set the bank and ford with stakes from whence it has its name Gliding from hence Harrow-hill it takes a view of Harrow the highest hill in this County which on the South has very fruitful fields for a long way together especially about the little village of Heston the flowre whereof has been particularly made choice of by our Kings for their own bread At a little distance from thence is Hanworth where is a Royal though but small house so much admir'd by King Henry 8. that he made it his chief pleasure-seat Afterwards it glides by Hampton-Court Hamton-Court a Royal palace and a very magnificent structure built by Cardinal Thomas Wolsey purely out of ostentation to show his great wealth a person upon all accounts exceeding prudent but that insolence carry'd him beyond himself It 4 Made an Honour was enlarg'd and finisht by King Henry 8. and has five large Courts set round with neat buildings the work whereof is exceeding curious Leland has this stroke upon it Est locus insolito rerum splendore superbus Alluitúrque vaga Tamisini fluminis unda Nomine ab antiquo jam tempore dictus Avona Hîc Rex Henricus taleis Octavius aedes Erexit qualeis toto Sol aureus orbe Non vidit A place which Nature 's choicest gifts adorn Where Thame's kind streams in gentle currents turn The name of Hampton hath for ages born Here such a Palace shows great Henry's care As Sol ne're views from his exalted sphere In all his tedious stage And the Marriage of Tame and Isis this Alluit Hamptonam celebrem quae laxior urbis Mentitur formam spatiis hanc condidit aulam Purpureus pater ille gravis gravis ille sacerdos Wolsaeus fortuna favos cui felle repletos Obtulit heu tandem fortunae dona dolores To Hampton runs whose state and beauty shows A city here contracted in a house This the grave Prelate Wolsey's care begun To whom blind fortune's arts were fully known And all her smiles dash'd with one fatal frown From hence the river fetches a large winding towards the north by Gistleworth for so our Thistleworth Thistleworth was formerly call'd where was once a Palace of Richard King of the Romans and Earl of Cornwal burnt by the Londoners in an Insurrection Next we see Sion Sion a small Religious house so call'd from the holy Mount of that name which Henry 5. after he had driven out the Monks Aliens built for 5 To the honour of our Saviour the Virgin Mary and c. Nuns of St. Briget as he erected another at the same time call'd 6 Jesu of Bethelem opposite to this Shene on the other side of the river for the Carthusians In this Sion to the Glory of God he plac'd as many Virgins Priests and Lay-brethren within several partitions as amounted to the number of the Apostles and Disciples of Christ and having given them very ample revenues even beyond what was necessary he made a special order that they should be content with that and not so much as receive any thing from other hands but that so much of the yearly revenue as was over and above to their maintenance they should give to the Poor But upon the general expulsion of the Religious within the memory of our Fathers it was turn'd into a Country-house of the Duke of Somerset's who pull'd down the Church and began to build a new house 7 Under this the small river Brent issueth into the Thames and
de Scremby At last the King gave it to 6 Sir Henry Henry de Bellomonte for nothing is more clear than that he enjoy'd it in Edward the second 's reign 〈◊〉 4. E. 2. â—ckingâ—m Near this is Skrekingham remarkable for the death of Alfric the second Earl of Leicester kill'd by Hubba the Dane Which place 't is very probable Ingulphus speaks of when he writes In Kesteven three Danish petty Kings were slain and they interr'd them in a certain village heretofore call'd Laundon but now Tre-king-ham by reason of the burial of the three Kings More to the east is Hather famous for nothing but the name of the Busseys or Busleys â—â—fy who live here and derive themselves from Roger de Busley cotemporary with the Conquerour â—â—xd And then Sleford a castle of the Bishops of Lincoln erected by Alexander the Bishop where also 7 Sir John John Hussy 〈◊〉 â—â—ly the first and last Baron of that name 8 Created by King Henry 8. built himself a house but lost his head for rashly engaging in the common insurrection in the year 1537 when the feuds and difference about Religion first broke out in England A few miles from hence stands Kime â—me from whence a noble family call'd de Kime had their name but the Umfranvils three of whom were summon'd to sit in the house of Lords by the name of Earls of Angus in Scotland â—s of â—gus became at last possessors of it The sages of the Common Law would not allow the first of these forasmuch as Angus was not within the bounds of the Kingdom of England to be an Earl before he produc'd in open Court the King 's Writ by which he was summon'd to Parliament under the title of Earl of Angus From the Umfravils this came to the Talbois one of which family nam'd Gilbert was by Henry the eighth created Baron of Talbois whose two sons died without issue so that the inheritance went by females to the family of the Dimocks Inglebies and others More to the west stands Temple Bruer â—mple â—er that is as I take it Temple in the Heath it seems to have been a Preceptory of the Templars for there are to be seen the ruinous walls of a demolish'd Church not unlike those of the New Temple in London Near it is Blankeney â—ons â—ncourt once the Barony of the Deincourts who flourish'd in a continu'd succession from the coming in of the Normans to the times of Henry 6. for then their heir male fail'd in one William whose two sisters and heirs were married the one to 9 Sir William William Lovel the other to Ralph Cromwell I have the more readily taken notice of this family because I would willingly answer the request of Edmund Baron Deincourt who was long since so very desirous to preserve the memory of his name having no issue male he petition'd K. Ed. 2. for liberty To make over his Manours and Arms to whomsoever he pleas'd â— 21 H. 6. â— 10 â—w 2. for he imagin'd that both his name and Arms would go to the grave with him and was very sollicitous they should survive and be remembred Accordingly the King complied and he had Letters Patents for that end Yet this sirname so far as my knowledge goes is now quite extinct and would have been drown'd in oblivion if books and learning had not sav'd it In the west part of Kesteven where this County borders on Leicestershire on a very steep and as it seems â—voir or â—erâ—le artificial hill stands Belvoir or Beauvoir-Castle so call'd whatever the name was formerly from its pleasant prospect which with the little Monastery adjoyning was built as 't is given out by Todeneius a Norman from whom by the Albenies Britans and by the Roos's Barons it came to be the inheritance of the Manours Earls of Rutland by the first of whom nam'd Thomas it was as I have heard rebuilt after it had laid in ruins many years For William Lord Hastings in spight to Thomas Lord Roos who sided with Henry 6. almost demolish'd it and upon the attainder of Baron Roos had it granted him by Edward 4. with very large possessions But Edmund Baron Roos the son of Thomas by the bounty of Henry 7. regain'd this his ancestors inheritance o About this castle are found the stones call'd Astroites Astroites which resemble little stars link'd one with another having five rays in every corner and in the middle of every ray a hollow This stone among the Germans had its name from Victory for they think as Georgius Agricola writes in his sixth book of Minerals That whosoever carries this stone about him shall be successful against his enemies But I have not yet had an opportunity to make the experiment whether this stone of ours when put in vinegar will move out of its place and whirl round like that in Germany The Vale beneath this castle commonly call'd from it The Vale of Belver The Vale of Belver is pretty large and exceeding pleasant by reason of the corn-fields and pastures there It lies part in Nottinghamshire part in Leicestershire and part in Lincolnshire If not in this very place yet for certain very near it †See the Additions to Rutlandshire under the title Market-Overton where 't is more conveniently plac'd stood formerly that Margidunum Margidunum which Antoninus makes mention of next to Vernometum and this may sufficiently be prov'd both by its name and distance from Vernometum and the Town Ad Pontem otherwise Paunton for Antoninus places it between them It seems to have taken this ancient name from Marga and the situation of it For Marga among the Britains is a sort of earth with which they manure their grounds and Dunum which signifies a hill is applicable only to high places But I do for all that very much question this etymology seeing there is very little Marle in this place the not searching for it being perhaps the reason except the Britains by the name of Marga understand ‖ Gypsum Plaister-stone which is as I am inform'd dug up not far from hence and was as Pliny declares in his natural history in great request among the Romans who used it in their Plaisterings and * Sigillis Cielings Thro' this part of the Shire runs Witham Riv. Witham a little river but very full of Pikes and the northern parts are bounded by it It s spring head is at a little town of the same name Bitham not far from the ruins of Bitham-Castle which as we find in an old pedigree was by William the first given to Stephen Earl of Albemarle and Holderness to enable him to feed his son as yet a little infant with fine white bread for at that time nought was eaten in Holderness but oat-bread altho' 't is now very little used there This castle nevertheless in the reign of Edward 3. was when
before the See was remov'd to Lincoln It was rebuilt by Remigius the first Bishop of Lincoln and in Stow-park a little mile from the Church there was an Abby re-edified by the same Bishop but the Monks were soon remov'd from it by Robert Bloett the second Bishop of Lincoln to the Abbey of Eynsham near Oxford It was afterwards made a Bishop's seat but there is little of the ancient ruins now to be seen In the parish of Stow is a village call'd Stretton from the old causey running that way as if one should say the Street-town and in a field belonging to that place are a great many Ophites or stones roll'd up like serpents ee From hence we come to Gainesburrow Gainesborrow wherein as * Itin. p. 24. Leland says upon the south part of the town is an old chapel of stone in which 't is reported by the inhabitants that many Danes were bury'd that there is also the remains of another chapel of wood on the side of Trent now quite demolish'd At present the right honourable Baptist Noel has his title of Earl from this place A little above Gainesburrow through the end of a Country town call'd Marton Marton Mr. Foxcroft has observ'd that a Roman way goes into this County It comes from Danum i.e. Doncaster to Agelocum now Littleburrow from whence it goes to Lindum Lincoln 'T is a great road for pack-horses which travel from the west of Yorkshire to Lincoln Lyn and Norwich The ferry upon the river Trent is one side in Nottinghamshire and the other in Lincolnshire A quarter of a mile from Marton abovemention'd there are yet remaining two or three considerable pieces of Roman pavement or Causeway which may be easily observ'd by travellers of ordinary curiosity ff In this part of the County it is that Mr. Camden has in general settl'd the ancient Sidnacester but without determining it to any particular place If one should take the liberty of a conjecture and settle it at Stow there would not want several probabilities to warrant it That the See now at Lincoln was once at Dorchester near Oxford is agreed upon by all that likewise Eadhed was made Bishop of Sidnacester in the year 678. and that he was succeeded by several other Bishops under the same title is as plain But after Eadulf's death when it had been vacant about 80 years it was by Leofwin united to Dorchester as that of Leicester had been before it The sixth from Leofwin was Eadnoth who as the intermediate Bishops had done enjoy'd the title of Dorchester and under that of Sidnacester and Leicester This was that Eadnoth who built the Church of our Lady in Stow and died An. 1050. Now where can we imagine a Bishop of Sidnacester should so probably build a Church as at Sidnacester And whence would he sooner take his pattern or platform than from his own Cathedral of Dorchester But it appears by the enquiries of an ingenious Gentleman in those parts that there is a very near resemblance between the two Churches of Dorchester and Stow. And if they have been since rebuilt we may probably conclude that the same form notwithstanding was still kept The See of Legecester or Leicester is concluded to have been where St. Margaret's now stands and as that is a Peculiar a Prebend and I think an Archdeaconry so is Stow too Besides the present Privileges of this place are greater than any hereabouts except Lincoln and they have formerly exceeded even that For that it was famous before Lincoln was a Bishop's See is beyond dispute and 't is a common notion in those parts both of learned and unlearned that Stow was anciently the mother-Church to Lincoln The steeple of the Church tho' large has been much greater than it is and Alfrick Puttock Archbishop of York An. 1023. when he gave two great Bells to Beverley-steeple which he had built and two others of the same mold to Southwell bestow'd two upon this Stow. Here is likewise a place call'd yet by the name of Gallow-dale suppos'd to have been the place of execution for malefactors which among other marks of antiquity tho' it have no relation to the affairs of the Church is yet a testimony to the eminence of the place But there is one thing still lies in our way for in the * Anglâ—â— Sacra Pâ— 2. p. 411 Lives of the Bishops of Lincoln written by Giraldus we meet with these words Remigius sedem suam Cathedralem à loco nimis incongruo obscuro ad urbem praeclaram locum competentem sc Lincolniam transferre curavit nec non hoc quoque quod Lyndeseiam totam ab Humbro marino ad Withemam fluvium qui Lincolniam permeat penetrat per tanta terrarum spatia contra adversarium tantum tamque potentem Metropolitanum sc Eboracensem innata quadam prudentiâ praeditus gratia quoque desuper divinitus adjutus tam provinciae Cantuariensi quam Dioecesi Lincolniensi stabiliter aeque potenter adjecit Now if all Lindsey belong'd to the Archbishop of York till Remigius's time who liv'd since the Conquest the old Sidnacester united afterwards to Dorchester perhaps can hardly be plac'd reasonably within the compass of that Division NOTTINGHAM SHIRE by Robt. Morden Continuation of the EARLS After Henry Fiennes son of Edward Lord High Admiral of England the title of Earl of Lincoln was successively enjoy'd by Thomas and Theophilus of the same name The latter of these was succeeded by Edward Lord Clinton his grandchild by his eldest son Edward At present the right honourable Henry Clinton is in possession of this title More rare Plants growing wild in Lincolnshire Atriplex maritima Halimus dicta humilis erecta semine folliculis membranaceis bivalvibus in latitudinem expansis utrinque recurvis longo pediculo insidentibus clauso Near Sairbeck a village about a mile distant from Boston plentifully Dr. Plukenet Alsine Polygonoides tenuifolia flosculis ad longitudinem caulis velut in spicam dispositis Polygonum angustissimo gramineo folio erectum Bot. Monsp Chickweed-Knottgrass with very narrow leaves and flowers set along the stalks as it were in spikes Carum vulgare Park Caraways In the marshes and fenny grounds plentifully Cannabis spuria flore amplo labio purpureo Fair-flower'd Nettle-Hemp About Spalding plentifully Cochlearia major rotundifolia Garden Scurvy-grass In the marshes in Holland and in many other places near the sea-side Oenanthe Staphylini folio aliquatenus accedens J. B. In the marsh ditches and slow streams of water in the parish of Quaplod near Spalding Lapathum folio acuto flore aureo C. B. Golden Dock About Crowland and in other places of the Fens Pneumonanthe Ger. Gentianella Autumnalis Pneumonanthe dicta Park Gentiana palustris angustifolia C. B. Gentianae species Calathina quibusdam radice perpetua seu palustris J. B. Marsh Gentian or Calathian Violet In a Park at Tattershall and on the heathy grounds thereabout also on a
so that having climb'd up one Rock we come to a Valley and most commonly to a Lake and passing by that we ascend another and sometimes a third and a fourth before we arrive at the highest Peaks These Mountains as well as Kader Idris and some others in Meirionydhshire differ from those by Brecknock and elsewhere in South-Wales in that they abound much more with naked and inaccessible Rocks and that their lower skirts and valleys are always either cover'd or scatter'd over with fragments of Rocks of all magnitudes most of which I presume to have fall'n from the impendent Cliffs But of this something more particular may be seen in Mr. Ray's Physico-Theological Discourses pag. 285. wherefore I shall mention here only two places which seem'd to me more especially remarkable The first is the summit or utmost top of the Glyder a Mountain above-mention'd as one of the highest in these parts where I observ'd prodigious heaps of stones many of them of the largeness of those of Stone-honge * See Wiltshire but of all the irregular shapes imaginable and all lying in such confusion as the ruins of any building can be supposed to do Now I must confess I cannot well imagine how this hath happen'd for that ever they should be indeed the ruins of some Edifice I can by no means allow in regard that most of them are wholly as irregular as those that have fall'n to the Valleys We must then suppose them to be the Skeleton of the hill exposed to open view by rains snow c. but how then came they to lye across each other in this confusion some of them being of an oblong flat form having their two ends ex gr East and West others laid athwart these some flat but many inclining being supported by other stones at the one end whereas we find by Rocks and Quarries the natural position of stones is much more uniform Had they been in a valley I had concluded they had fall'n from the neighbouring Rocks because we find frequent examples of such heaps of stones augmented by accession of others tumbling on them but being on the highest part of the hill they seem'd to me much more remarkable The other place I thought no less observable tho' for contrary reasons that being as regular and uniform as this is disorder'd and confus'd On the West-side of the same hill there is amongst many others one naked Precipice †Thâ— Kâ—grâ— neaâ— sâ—vyâ—â—â— is peâ—â—â— one iâ— there 〈◊〉 dâ—tâ—â—â— by â—â— partiâ—â— name as steep as any I have seen but so adorn'd with numerous equidistant Pillars and these again slightly cross'd at certain joynts that such as would favour the Hypothesis of the ingenious Author of the Sacred Theory might suppose it one small pattern of the Antediluvian Earth But this seem'd to me much more accountable than the former for 't was evident that the gullets or interstices between the pillars were occasion'd by a continual dropping of water down this Cliff which proceeds from the frequent Clouds Rains and Snow that this high Rock expos'd to a westerly Sea-wind is subject to But that the effects of such storms are more remarkably regular on this Cliff than others proceeds partly from its situation and partly from the texture or constitution of the stone it consists of However we must allow a natural regularity in the frame of the Rock which the storms only render more conspicuous That these Mountains are throughout the year cover'd either with Snow or a harden'd crust of Snow of several years continuance c. was a wrong Information our Author probably receiv'd from some persons who had never been at them For generally speaking there 's no Snow here from the end of April to the midst of September Some heaps excepted which often remain near the tops of Moel y Wydhva and Karnedh Lhewelyn till the midst of June e're they are totally wasted It often snows on the tops of these Mountains in May and June but that Snow or rather Sleet melts as fast as it falls and the same shower that falls then in Snow on the high Mountains is but Rain in the Valleys As for an incrustation of Snow or Ice of several years continuance we know not in Wales what it means Tho' Wagnerus ‖ Jâ—â— Waâ—â—â— Haâ—t 〈◊〉 Heâ—â—â— Coâ—â—â— Seâ—â—â— tells us they are common in the Alps of Switzerland Tempore aestivo quoque suprema Alpium culmina aeternâ ac invictâ glacie rigent perpetuisque nivibus sunt obtecta And adds there are Mountains crown'd with hillocks or vast heaps of such Ice call'd by them Firn or Gletscher which may be presumed to have continued for two or three thousand years insomuch that for hardness it may seem to be rather Crystal than Ice c. The number of Lakes in this mountainous tract may be about fifty or threescore I took a Catalogue of fifteen visible from the top of Moel y Wydhva These are generally denominated either from the rivers they pour forth or from the colour of their water amongst which I observ'd one under the highest Peak of Snowdon call'd Fynon lâs that signifies the Green Fountain which I therefore thought remarkable because Mr. Ray * Obsertions Tâ— graph c. observes that the waters of some of the Alpine Lakes are also inclin'd to that colour Others receive their names from some Village or Parish-Church adjoyning or from a remarkable Mountain or Rock under which they are situated and some there are tho' very few distinguish'd by names scarce intelligible to the best Criticks in the British as Lhyn Teirn Lhyn Eigiau Lhyn Lhydaw â—â—me â—ight â—nâ—erpret the 〈◊〉 former Tâ—ngâ—-near â—nd Sâ—â—â—ieâ—â—â—r the â—â—ed Ieirn â—gâ—â—â—ing a â—â—a â—â—â—r and 〈◊〉 of Th. Lhyâ—â—s is the 〈◊〉 â—â—ereby â—e call Arâ—â—â—a but â—â—rifies â—â—thing â—e we â—â—w of c. Giraldus Cambrensis as our Author observes informs us of two Lakes on the highest tops of these Mountains one of which was remarkable for a wandring Island and the other no less strange for that all the fish in it tho' it abounded with Eels Trouts and Perch were monocular wanting the left eye To this we must beg leave to answer that amongst all the Lakes in this mountainous Country there is not one seated on the highest part of a hill all of them being spread in valleys either higher or lower and fed by the Springs and Rivulets of the Rocks and Cliffs that are above them The Lake wherein he tells us there 's a wandring Island is a small pond call'd Lhyn Å· Dywà rchen i.e. Lacus cespitis from a little green patch neaâ— the brink of it which is all the occasion of the fable of the wandring Island but whence that other of monocular Fish which he says were found also at two places in Scotland took beginning I cannot conjecture Most of these Lakes are well stor'd with fish but generally they afford no other kinds than Trout and Eel The Torgochiaid
to supply all Wales It is also at this time very rich in cattel 1 And findeth out great multitudes and affords milstones in some places also a kind of Alum-earth e Of the Alumen plumosum or Amianthus found at a plaee call'd Kâ—ie Lhywarck in the Parish of Lhan-Vair yng Hornwy See Phil Trans n. 166. of which they lately began to make Alum and Coperas but the project not succeeding they have now desisted 〈◊〉 This is that celebrated Island Mona anciently the seat of the Druids attempted first by Paulinus Suetonius and reduced under the Roman yoke by Julius Agricola In the reign of Nero this Paulinus Suetonius as we read in Tacitus prepared for an attempt on the Island Mona a very populous country and a receptacle of deserters and to that end built flat-bottom'd vessels because the shores were but shallow and hazardous thus the foot passed over and the horse follow'd either at a ford or else in deeper waters as occasion required swam their horses On the opposite shore stood the Enemies army well provided of arms and men besides women running about with dishevel'd hair like furies in a mournful habit bearing torches in their hands About the army stood the Druids who with hands lifted up to heaven pouring forth dreadful Imprecations so terrified the soldiers with the novelty of the sight that as if their limbs had been benumm'd they exposed their bodies like so many stocks to the strokes of the enemy But at last partly by exhortation of the General and partly by encouraging each others not to stand amazed at the sight of distracted women and ‖ Fanaticum agmen a company of frantick people they advance their ensigns and trample down their enemies thrusting them into their own fires They being thus conquer'd a garrison was planted there and their groves cut down which were consecrated to their cruel superstitions For they held it lawful to sacrifice with the blood of Captives and by inspection into humane Entrails to consult their Gods But while these things were in agitation a sudden revolt of the whole Province recall'd him from this enterprise Afterwards as the same Author writes Julius Agricola resolves to reduce the Island Mona from the Conquest whereof Paulinus was recall'd as we have already observ'd by a general rebellion in Britain but being unprovided of transport Vessels as it commonly happens in doubtful resolutions the policy and courage of the General found new means of conveying over his army For having first laid down their baggage â—he commanded the choicest of the Auxiliaries to whom the fords were well known and whose custom it was in their country so to swim as to be able to guide themselves and their arms and horses to pass over the chanel Which was done in such a surprising manner that the enemies who expected a Navy and watch'd the sea stood so much amazed that supposing nothing difficult or invincible to men of such resolution they immediately supplicated for peace and surrender'd the Island So Agricola became famous and great a Many ages after when it was conquer'd by the English it took up their name being call'd formerly by the Saxons Engles-ea and now Anglesey which signifies the English Island But seeing Humfrey Lhwyd in his learned Epistle to that accomplish'd Scholar Ortelius has restor'd the Island to its ancient name and dignity it is not necessary we should dwell long upon this County However we may add that about the decline of the Roman Government in Britain some of the Irish Nation crept into this Island For besides certain intrench'd Banks which they call Irish Cottages there is another place well known by the name of Yn hericy Gwidil from some Irish who under the conduct of one Sirigi overcame the Britains there as we read in the Book of Triades b Nor was it afterwards harass'd by the English only Marianus but also by the Norwegians and in the year 1000 a Navy of King Aethelred sailing round the Island wasted and consum'd it in a hostile manner c Afterwards two Normans of the name of Hugh the one Earl of Chester and the other of Salop oppress'd it and to restrain the Inhabitants built the Castle of Aber Lhienawg But Magnus the Norwegian coming thither at the same time 2 Shot the said Hugh Earl of Shrewsbury c. shot Hugh Earl of Chester through the body with an arrow and pillaging the Island departed The English having afterwards often attempted it at last brought it under their subjection in the time of Edward the first It contain'd formerly 363 Villages and is a very populous Country at this time The chief Town is Beaumaris Beaumaris built in the East part of it in a moorish place by King Edward the first and call'd by the name of Beau marish from its situation whereas the place before was call'd a This wherever our Author found it seems to be no British name Bonover He also fortified it with a Castle which yet seems not to have been ever finish'd the present Governour whereof is the right worshipful Sir Richard Bulkley Knight whose civility towards me when I survey'd these Counties I must always gratefully acknowledge Not far from hence lyes Lhan Vâes Lhan Vâes a famous Cloister heretofore of the Friers minors to which the Kings of England have been bountiful Patrons as well on account of the devoutness and exemplary lives of the Friers who dwelt there as that I may speak out of the Book of Records because there were buried at that place a daughter of King John 2 Paâ—lâ—t Ann. 2 li â—â— a son of the King of Denmark the bodies of the Lord Clifford and of other Lords Knights and Esquires who were slain in the wars of Wales in the times of the illustrious Kings of England The Town of Newburgh Newbâ—rgâ— in British Rhosîr d is esteem'd next best to Beaumarish distant from it about twelve miles westward which having strugl'd along time with the heaps of Sand cast against it by the Sea has now lost much of its former splendour Abèr-Fraw Abèr-Fraâ— not far from thence tho' at present but a mean place waâ— yet heretofore of much greater repute than any of the rest as being the Royal Seat of the Kings of Gwynedh or North-Wales who were thence also styl'd Kings of Abèr-Fraw Near the western Cape of this Island which we call Holy-head Holy heâ—d there 's a small Village call'd in Welsh Kaer Gybi which receiv'd its name from Kybi a devout man and Disciple of St. Hilary of Poictiers who led here a religious life from whence there is a common passage into Ireland e Of the Islâ—nds adjoyniâ—g 〈◊〉 Aâ—gleâ—â—â— see an◠〈◊〉 the Bâ—â—â— Isles The other places of this Island are well planted with Villages which seeing they afford little worth our notice I shall now pass over into the Continent and take a view of Denbighshire There are in this Island
74 Parishes ADDITIONS to ANGLESEY a BEing wholly unacquainted in this Country my self I shall insert here an Extract of a Letter from my ingenious Friend the reverend Mr. John Davies Rector of Newburgh concerning the place where the Romans are thought to have pass'd the Frith of Meneu and some Monuments in this Island which seem particularly remarkable 'T IS suppos'd the Romans pass'd the Fretum of Menai betwixt a place call'd now Lhà n-Vair îs Gaer in Caernarvonshire and Lhan Idan in this County Opposite to this supposed passage there is a hill call'd Gwydryn a name corrupted perhaps from GwÅ·dh-Uryn i.e. Conspicuous Hill which having two Summits or Tops one of them shews the ruins of an ancient Fort and on the other I observ'd a round pit sunk in a Rock of about nine foot diameter fill'd up with pure Sand. What may be the depth of it I cannot at present inform you some that have sounded it for three yards having discover'd no bottom I have had some suspicion this might be the place where the Druids offer'd their cruel Sacrifices with the blood of Captives but having nothing out of History to confirm my conjecture I shall not much contend for it but leave it to you and others to consider what so odd a contrivance was design'd for About a mile from the place where we suspect the Romans landed we find Tre'r Druw which doubtless took its name from some Druid and may be interpreted Druids-Town seeing we find the adjoyning Township is call'd Tre'r Beirdh i.e. Bards Town And this puts me in mind of a place call'd Maen y Druw i.e. Druid-Stone within the Kwmmwd of Twrkèlyn in Lhan Elian parish where we need not much question but there was formerly a Sepulchral monument of a'Druid tho' now it be only the name of a house Upon the Confines of the Townships of Tre'r Druw and Tre'r Beirdh we meet with a square Fortification which may be supposed to be the first Camp the Romans had after their landing here and opposite to it westward about the distance of three furlongs there 's another strong hold of a round form and considerable height which probably was that of our Ancestors Farther westward under this Fort 's protection there are stones pitch'd on end about twelve in number whereof three are very considerable the largest of them being twelve foot high and eight in breadth where 't is broadest for 't is somewhat of an oblong oval form These have no other name than Kèrig y BrÅ·ngwyn * Bryngwâ— signifies Whâ—re 〈◊〉 or Whâ—â—ehill or Bryngwyn stones and are so call'd from the place where they are erected On what occasion they were rais'd I cannot conjecture unless this might be the burial place of some of the most eminent Druids In Bod-Owyr which lyes on the North-side of the same round Fort at a farther distance we find a remarkable Kromlech which several as well as my self suppose to be another kind of Sepulchral monument since the time of Heathenism These for we have several others in the Island are composed of three or four rude stones or more pitch'd on end as supporters or pillars and a vast stone of several tuns laid on them as a covering and are thought to have received the name of Cromlecheu for that the Table or covering Stone is on the upper side somewhat gibbous or convex the word Krwm signifying as you know crooked or bunch-back'd and Lhech any flat stone †Sâ—eâ—â—eâ—brâ—â—hâ—e Aâ—nâ—â—â— This Kromlech at Bod-Owyr is more elegant than any Monument I have seen of its kind for whereas in all others I have noted the top-stone as well as the supporters is altogether rude and unpolish'd in this it is neatly wrought considering the natural roughness of the stone and pointed into several angles but how many I cannot at present assure you We have a tradition that the largest Kromlech in this County is the Monument of Bronwen daughter to King Lhyr or Leirus who you know is said to begin his reign An. Mundi 3105. But of this and the rest of our Kromlecheu take here the words of an ingenious Antiquary whilst living Mr. John Griffith of Lhan Dhyvnan in a Letter to Mr. Vaughan of Hengwrt Bronwen Leiri filiam quod attinet Cellula lapidea curvata ubi sepultam tradunt non procul à fluvio Alaw cernitur ex parte occidentali Bâ—dh Peâ—ual a â—naed i â—roâ—en â—â—ch Lhyr â—an Aâ—wag yno â— adâ—yd hi. â—oynogi Sed an Rex ille perantiquus unquam in rerum natura fuerit dubitant Camdeniani quà m rectè ipsi viderint Ejusmodi Aediculae quae apud nos frequentes sunt Cromlechau nomine ut scis non inepto vocitantur Denique Insula haec quae Sylva erat iis temporibus ferè continua Druidum sedes quasi propria magnatum tumulis abundat Loci scilicet reverentia optimates quosque huc duxit sepeliendos c. I know there are some who suppose these Monuments and such like to have been federal testimonies but that I take to be a groundless conjecture and the opinion of their being places of Interment seems much confirm'd for that a Gentleman of my acquaintance remembers that an odd kind of Helmet â—em also â—form'd â—ere was a â—nd of â—eir or â—â—herd â—nd by â—gginâ—â—ar the â—ne place Maâ— sigâ—fies pâ—â—â—â—yoâ—â—ya â—ge open â—d out I 〈◊〉 told â—r in the â—mes of â—ces in 〈◊〉 Counâ—iâ—â— used 〈◊〉 bâ—rte that Kier â—es-mawr â—phes â—ne greaâ—â—ted was â—ght here farther â—nfirmatiâ— whereof also that â—ese Stones 〈◊〉 Sâ—pâ—lâ—â— Moâ—ents is â—t a smaâ—l â—ock on â—e Sâ—â—th 〈◊〉 them is â—'d Râ—yd 〈…〉 â— Gâ—aves-â—â— was discover'd by digging about a rude stone which together with some others is pitch'd on end at a place call'd Kae y maes mawr †in the parish of Lhan Rhwydrus Of these stones there are but three now standing and those in a manner triangularly One of them is eleven foot and a half high four foot broad and fourteen inches thick another about three yards high and four foot broad and the third ten foot high eight in breadth and but six inches thick As for inscrib'd Stones I have noted only two in this County one whereof was a kind of square pillar in the parish of Lhan Babo of about ten foot in height one in breadth and near the same thickness I never was so curious as to copy the Inscription and I am told it 's now too late it being broken in several pieces The other is in my neighbourhood but is so obscure that I scarce think it worth while to trouble you with a Copy of it I could read only Filius Ulrici erexit hunc Lapidem This Monument was perhaps erected by some Dane or Norwegian Ulricus seeming to be rather a Danish name than British I can give you no certain information of any Coyns found here except a large gold Medal of Julius Constantius ‖ Figured Num. 20. which was found on the plow'd
the Bound-rod from Northumberland by the river Tweed running between them for about eight miles This river is one of the 3 that rise out of the same tract of hills Clide runs west towards Dumbarton Anand south towards Solway-sands and this east towards Berwick It is of a swift couâ—se environ'd with hills running through Tweedale-forest and Teviotdale before it go into the Ocean It 's current is above 50 miles in all which compass it hath only two bridges one at Peebles of 5 arches and another at Berwick of 15. It had one at Melross the pillars whereof are yet standing and another is intended at Kelso The length of this County is 20 miles from Lamberton to Ridpeth on the south-side and from Cockburns-path to Seeinghill-kirk on the north-side But take the length anglewise 't is from Lamberton to Lauclugh direct east and west 24 miles It 's breadth is about 14 miles whether you take it on the west-end south-end or middle of the Shire It is divided into three parts Mers â—â—â—s Lammermoor and Lauderdale The Mers is a pleasant low ground lying open to the influence of the sun and guarded from storms by Lammermoor So that the soil is fertil and affords great plenty of oats barley wheat pease c. with abundance of hay Lammermoor â—â—mmerâ—â—â—r is a great tract of hills on the north-side of the Shire above 16 miles in length and 6 at least in breadth abounding with moss and moor The west end of them for four miles together belongs to Lauderdale the rest of it eastward is almost equally parted between East-Lothian and Mers The peculiar use of this tract is pasturage in the summer time and the game it affords by the abundance of Partridge Moor-fowl Plover c. But the product of these parts is not reckoned so good as of others being generally sold at a lower rate Lauderdale â—â—uderâ—â—le is a tract of ground lying on each side of the water of Leider abounding with pleasant haughs green hills and some woods well stor'd also with corn and pasturage The Judicatories â—â—dicatoâ—â—â—â— in this Shire are 1. The Sherif-Court which sits at the town of Duns 2. The Commissariot which sits at Lawder 3. The Regality of Thirlstan belonging to the Earl of Lauderdale 4. The Regality of Preston and Forest of Dye belonging to the Marquiss of Douglas 5. The Lordship of Coldingham and Stewartry of March belonging to the Earl of Hume who is Sheriff and has his residence at Hirsell The more remarkable places besides those mentioned by our Author are Duns â—â—ns a burgh of Barony standing upon a rising ground in the midst of the Shire Every Wednesday it has a great market of Sheep Horses and Cows and is famous for being reputed the birth-place of Joannes Duns Scotus A Gentleman a Laird of that name is still there Eymouth â—â—mouth the only port in the Shire for shipping which was fortified by the French in Queen Mary's minority Ersilton â—â—silton or Earlstown famous for the birth of Thomas Lermouth called Thomas the Rymer Hume for the Castle now demolish'd Caldstream â—â—â—dâ—â—â—â—am a market town lying close upon Tweed Greenlaw â—â—â—enlaw a burgh of Barony with a weekly market Fouldon a large town Rosse â—â—â—se famous for it's harbour and plenty of fish Aton situate upon the water of Ey White-coat White-coat where is a harbour for herring-fishing About Bastenrig on the east-hand and the Moristons and Mellerstoun downs on the west they frequently take the Dotterel Dotterel a rare Fowl towards the latter end of April and beginning of May. d Next the Mers along the south of the Firth or Forth lies the country call'd LOTHIAN having Mers to the east part of Lammermoor and part of Lauderdale with the Forest and Tweedale to the south part of Clidsdale and Stirlingshire to the west and to the north the Firth or Forth It is in length from Cockburns-path in the east to the Shire of Clidsdale about 57 miles and where 't is broadest between 16 and 17 miles over To what our Author has said in commendation of it may be added it's number of Towns with seats of the Nobility and Gentry wherein it goes much beyond the rest of Scotland 'T is divided into 3 distinct Tracts call'd East-Lothian Mid-Lothian and West-Lothian East-Lothian East-Lothian or the Constabulary or Shire of Hadington so called from Hadington one of the three burghs-Royal and seat of the Courts is in length about 22 and in breadth about 12 miles bounded by the Firth on the north and east by a tract of hills called Lammermoor on the south and by Mid-Lothian on the West It abounds with corn of all sorts has good store of grass with some considerable woods as Prestmennan Colston Humbie and Ormestan and abundance of Coal and Lime-stone It has good store of Sheep especially towards the hills of Lammermoor and by west Lammerlaw and from the west part to the sea all along to the east it abounds with Conies It hath many Salt-pans wherein much white Salt is made and at New-Milns there is a considerable manufactory of broad-cloath The sea-coast is accommodated with many convenient harbours and has the advantage of several Fish-towns particularly at Dumbar and on the coast thereabout every year after Lammas there is a Herring-fishing where they take great numbers not only to serve the Inhabitants but also for exportation The first considerable place we meet with in this tract is Dunglas Dunglas a pleasant seat on the sea-coast which formerly belonged to the Earl of Hume but has now another owner In the time of the late Wars a garison was kept there by the Earl of Hadington for the Army who with 30 Knights and Gentlemen of the name of Hamilton besides several other considerable persons perished in the ruines of this house For it was designedly blown up in the year 1640 by Nathaniel Paris an Englishman one of his own servants while the Earl was reading a Letter in the Court which he had then received from the Army with all the Gentlemen about him Only four of the whole Company escaped who by the force of the powder were thrown to a great distance from the house 'T is now repaired and adorned by Sir John Hall the present possessor with curious Gardens spacious Courts and a large and pleasant Avenue They have here a Collegiate Church a goodly large building and vaulted but 't is now ruinous Along the Coast to Dunbar is a pleasant Country the most fruitful in the Kingdom especially in Wheat and Barley South-east of Dumbar a Burgh-royal in this Shire is Dunhill Dunhill memorable for the victory obtained Sept. 30. 1650. over the Scotch-Army under Lesly by a handful of men and those too but sickly under the command of Cromwell Which miscarriage if some ingenuous persons who were in the Action may be believed was rather owing to the treachery of some
Falkirk but we need not here be particular in the Description of it designing a separate discourse upon that subject at the end of this Kingdom SELGOVAE BEneath the Gadeni to the South and West where now lie the small Territories of Liddesdale Eusdale Eskdale Annandale and Nidisdale q To which add Wachopdale so called from Rivulets running through them which all lose themselves in Solway-Frith were anciently seated the Selgovae the reliques of whose name seem to me whether to others too I knâ—w not to remain in the name Solway IN Liddesdale â—â—ddâ—sâ—â—â—e we have a high prospect of Armitage so called because anciently dedicated to a solitary life But now it is a very strong Castle which belonged to the Hepburnes who deduce their Original from a certain English Captive whom the Earl of March for delivering him out of a danger much enriched They were Earls of Bothwell â—â—rls of â—â—thwell and for a long time Admirals of Scotland by inheritance But by a sister of James Earl of Bothwell last of the Hepburnes â—â—pburnes married to John Prior of Coldingham a natural son of K. James 5. who had several such issue both title and estate devolved to his son Hard by is Brakensey â—â—akensey the seat of the warlike Family of Baclugh â—â—â—d â—â—clugh sirnamed Scot with many other little Forts of men of Arms up and down the Country In Eusdale Eusdale I should be apt to think from the affinity of the name that the ancient Uzellum Uzellum mentioned by Ptolemy lay upon the River Euse In Eskdale Eskdale some are of opinion that the Horesti Horesti dwelt into whose borders Julius Agricola after he had subdued the Britains that inhabited this Tract led the Roman Army especially if we read Horesci for Horesti For the British Ar-Esc signifies a place by the River Eske As for Aesica in Eskdale I have spoken of it before in England and need not repeat it here a ANNANDALE JOined to this on the west-side lies Annandale Annandale that is the Valley or Dale upon the river Annan into which the access by land is very difcult The places of greatest note are a Castle upon Lough-Maban Lough-Maban which is three parts surrounded with water and strongly walled And Annandale Town almost upon the very mouth of the river Annan divested of all its glory by the English War in the reign of Edward 6. In this Territory the Jonstons The Jonstons are men of greatest name a family born for Wars between whom and the Maxwells who by ancient right preside over the Stewartry The Stewartry of Annandale for so 't is term'd there hath been too long an open enmity and defiance even to bloodshed This Valley Edgar King of the Scots upon his restoration to his Kingdom by the Auxiliaries he had out of England gave for his good services to Robert Brus The Bruses Lord of Cleaveland in the County of York who bestowed it by the King's permission upon Robert his younger son being unwilling himself to serve the King of Scots in his Wars From him are branched the Bruses Lords of Annandale of whom Robert Bruse married Isabella the daughter of William King of Scots by the daughter of Robert Avenel his son likewise Robert the third of that name married the daughter of David Earl of Huntingdon and Garioth whose son Robert sirnamed the Noble upon the failure of the issue of Alexander the third King of Scotland challenged in his mother's right the Kingdom of Scotland before Edward I. K. of England as the direct and superior Lord of the Kingdom of Scotland as the English give out or as an Honorary Arbitrator as the Scots will have it as being more nearly related in degree and bloud to King Alexander the third and to Margaret daughter to the King of Norway although a second sister's son Who soon after resigning up his own right granted and gave over to his son Robert Brus Earl of Carrick and to his heirs I speak out of the very Original all the right and claim which he had or might have to the Kingdom of Scotland But the point was determined in favour of John Baliol who sued for his right as descended from the eldest sister though in a more remote degree in these words Because the person more remote in the second degree descending in the first line is to be preferred before a nearer in the second line in the succession of an inheritance that cannot be parted Nevertheless the said Robert son to the Earl of Carriot by his valour possess'd himself of the Kingdom and establish'd it in his posterity A Prince who as he was illustrious for his glorious Actions so did he successfully triumph over Fortune so often his Adversary with a courage and presence of mind invincible b NIDISDALE CLose to Annandale on the West lies Nidisdale abounding in arable and pasture grounds so named from the River Nid The River Nid by Ptolemy falsely written Nobius for Nodius or Nidius of which name there are other Rivers in Britain full of muddy shallows as this Nid is It springs out of the Lake Lough-Cure upon which stood anciently Corda Corda a Town of the Selgovae It takes its course first by Sanqhar a Castle of the Creightons The Creightons Barons of Sanqhar who were long honoured with the Title of Barons of Sanqhar and the authority of hereditary Sheriffs of Nidisdale next by Morton Earls of Morton which gave the Title of Earl to some of the family of Douglass of which others are seated at Drumlanrig upon the same River near the mouth whereof stands Dunfreys Dunfreys between two Hills the most flourishing Town of this Tract which still shews its ancient Castle a Town famous for its woollen Manufacture and remarkable for the murder of John Commin a man of the greatest Interest amongst the Scots whom Robert Brus lest he should oppose his coming to the Crown ran through in the Church and easily got a pardon of the Pope for a murder committed in a sacred place Nearer to its mouth Solway a Village still retains somewhat of the old name of Selgovae Upon the very mouth is situated Caer-Laverock Caer-Laverock Ptolemie's Carbantorigum a Fort looked upon as impregnable when K. Edw. I. accompanied with the flower of the English Nobility besieged and took it But now 't is a weak Mansion-House of the Barons Maxwell who being of ancient Nobility were long Wardens of these Western Marches and lately advanced by a marriage with a Daughter and Coheir of the Earl of Morton whereby John Lord Maxwell was decâ—ared Earl of Morton as also by the Daughter and Heir of Hereis Lord Toricles whom J. a second son took to wife and had by her the title of Baron Hereis Barons Hereis In this valley also upon the lake lies Glencarn Glencaâ—â— of which the Cunninghams about whom I shall speak
grew so concerned for blinding his brother that he renounced the Kingdom and with the sign of the cross went in pilgrimage to Jerusalem where he died 1089. As soon as the Nobility of the Island receiv'd the news of Lagman's death they dispatched their Ambassadors to Murecard O-Brien King of Ireland desiring that he would send them some diligent man or other of Royal extraction to rule over them during the minority of Olave the son of Godred The King readily consented and sent one Dopnald the son of Tade with orders and instructions to govern the Kingdom though it belonged not to him with modesty and tenderness But as soon as he was advanced to the throne without any farther heed to the commands his Lord had laid on him he grew grievous to the people by his tyranny and and reigned three years with great cruelty and outrage The Nobility being then no longer able to endure this oppression conspir'd rose up in arms and banish'd him Upon that he fled into Ireland and never returned 1097. One Ingemund was sent by the King of Norway to get the soveraignty of these Islands When he came to the Isle Leod he sent to all the great men of the Islands commanding them to assemble and make him King In the mean while he with his companions did nothing but spoil feast ravish women and virgins giving himself wholly up to such beastly lusts and pleasures As soon as the great men of the Islands were acquainted with these proceedings being now assembled to make him King they were so enraged that they went in all haste towards him and coming to his house in the night set it on fire so that he and his whole retinue were either destroyed by the fire or by the sword An. 1098. was founded the Abby of S. Mary at Cistercium Antioch was taken by the Christians and a Comet appeared The same year was fought a battle between the Inhabitants of the Isle of Man at Santwat those of the north-side got the victory In this engagement were slain Earl Other and Macmaras the two Leaders This same year Magnus King of Norway the son of Olave son of Harald Harfager out of curiosity to know whether the Corps of St. Olave King and Martyr remained uncorrupt commanded his tomb to be open'd This order being opposed by the Bishop and his Clergy the King himself came in person and had it open'd by force And when with the sense of his own eyes and hands he found the body sound and unputrified he fell into great fear and went away in all haste The next night the King and Martyr appear'd to him saying Take thy choice of these two offers either to lose thy life and Kingdom within 30 days or to leave Norway and be content never to see it more As soon as the King awaken'd he called his Nobles and the Elders of his people together and told them what vision he had seen Being frighted at it they gave him this Council That with all haste he should depart from Norway Upon this he prepared a fleet of an hundred and sixty ships and set sail for the Orcades which he soon conquer'd from whence he went on with success and victory through all the Islands till he came to that of Man Being landed there he went to St. Patrick's Isle to see the place where the Islanders had been engaged a little before for many of the dead bodies were as yet unburied This fine Island pleased him so well that he resolved to seat himself in it and to that end built forts and strong holds which retain his name to this day Those of Gallway were so much over-awed by him that at his order they cut down wood and brought it to the shore for him to make his Bulworks withal Next he sailed to Monia an Island of Wales where he found two Hughs both Earls one of them he slew Monia for Anglesey v. Girald Cambrensem in Itinerario Cambria the other he put to flight and conquer'd the Island The Welsh men made many Presents to him so taking his leave of them he returned to Man To Maricard King of Ireland he sent his shoes commanding him to carry them upon his shoulders thro' the middle of his house on Christmas day in sight of his Messengers to signifie his subjection to King Magnus The Irish received this news with great wrath and indignation But the King more advisedly said That he would not only carry but also eat his shoes rather than King Magnus should destroy one Province in Ireland So he complied with this order and honourably entertained his Messengers and sent them back with many presents to him and made a league with him Being returned they gave their Master an account of Ireland describing its situation and pleasantness its fruitfulness and the excellence of its air Magnus hearing this begun to turn his thoughts wholly upon the Conquest of that Count try For this end he gave orders to fit out a good fleet and went before with sixteen ships to take a view of the Country but as he unwarily left his ship he was beset by the Irish and cut off with most of those that were with him His body was buried near St. Patrick's Church in Down He reigned six years After his death the Noblemen of the Island sent for Olave the son of Godred sirnamed Crovan who lived in the Court of Henry King of England the son of King William 1102. Olave the son of Godred Crovan began his reign which continued 40 years He was a peaceable Prince and in league with all the Kings of Ireland and Scotland His wife was Africa the daughter of Fergâ—se of Gallway by whom he had Godred By his Concubines he had also Regnald Lagman and Harald besides many daughters one of whom was married to Summerled Prince of * Argiâ—e Herergaidel to whom the Kingdom of the Isles owe their ruine By her he had four sons Dungall Raignald Engus and Olave 1133. The Sun was so eclipsed on the fourth of the Nones of August that the day was as dark as the night 1134. Olave gave to Yvo Abbot of Furnes part of his lands in Man towards building an Abby in a place called Russin He enricht the estate of the Church with Islands and Revenues and endowed it with great liberties 1142. Godred the son of Olave sailed over to the King of Norway who was called Hinge and did him homage he staid there some time and was honourably received This same year the three sons of Harald the brother of Olave who were bred at Dublin came to Man with a great multitude of men and such as the King had banished demanding one half of the Kingdom of the Isles for their share The King being willing to please them answered That he would take the advice of a Council about it Having agreed upon the time and place for their meeting these base villains began to plot against the King's life At the
addressed himself thus to him My brother and my Soveraign You know very well that the Kingdom of the Isles was mine by right of inheritance but since God hath made you King over it I will not envy your happiness nor grudge to see the crown upon your head I only beg of you so much land in these Islands as may honorably maintain me for I am not able to live upon the Island Lodhus which you gave me Reginald hearing this told his brother he would take the advice of his Council upon it and the day after when Olave was called in to speak with he was apprehended by Reginald's order and carried to William King of Scotland that he might be there put in prison where he continued in chains for almost seven years For in the seventh year died William King of Scotland and was succeeded by his son Alexander but before his death he commanded that all prisoners whatsoever should be set at at liberty Olave being thus freed came to Man and soon after accompanied with no small train of Nobility went to St. James His brother Reginald made him now marry the daughter of a Nobleman of Kentyre his own wives sister named Lavon and gave him Lodhus to enjoy again But within some few days after Reginald Bishop of the Isles called a Synod and divorced Olave the son of Godred and Lavon his wife as being the Cousin german of his former wife Afterwards Olave married Scristina the daughter of Ferkar Earl of Rosse Reginald's wife Queen of the Islands was so troubled at this news that she sent letters in the name of her husband King Reginald to her son Godred in the Island Sky commanding him to kill Olave As Godred was contriving to execute this order and going to Lodhus for that end Olave got off in a little cock-boat and fled to his father-in-law the Earl of Rosse aforesaid while Godred in the mean time wasted the Island At the same time Pol the son of Boke Sheriff of Sky a man of great interest in all the Islands fled likewise having refused to comply with Godred and lived in the Earl of Ross's house with Olave Making a league with Olave they went together in one vessel to Sky At last they understood by their Spies how he lay unapprehensive and negligent with a very few men in a certain Island called St. Columbs So he gathered his friends and companions together and with such volunteers as would go with him set sail in the middle of the night with five ships drawn together from the opsite shore distant about two furlongs and beset the Island Godred and his companions next morning perceiving themselves enclosed were in great consternation However they took arms and though to no purpose manfully endeavoured to withstand them For Olave and Pol the aforesaid Sheriff landed about nine a clock with their whole army and cut off all they met with those only excepted that had taken sanctuary in the Churches Godred was taken and not only blinded but gelded too However this was against Olave's will for he would have saved him but for Boke's son the Sheriff aforesaid For this was done in the year 1223. Olave having received pledges from the Noblemen of the Isles set sail for Man the next summer with a fleet of thirty two ships and arrived at Rognolfwaht At this very time Reginald and Olave divided the Kingdom of the Isles between them but Reginald was to have Man over and above together with the title of King Olave having now the second time furnished himself with provisions from the Isle of Man returned with his company to his part of the Islands Reginald the year following taking Alan Lord of Gallway along with him went with the people of the Isle of Man to disseise his brother Olave of the lands he had given him and to reduce it under his own dominion But the people of Man being unwilling to fight against Olave and the Islanders by reason of a peculiar kindness between them Reginald and Alan Lord Gallway were forced to return home without effecting any thing A while after Reginald pretending a journey to the Court of his soveraign Lord the King of England raised an hundred marks in contribution from the Island of Man but went however to the Court of Alan Lord of Gallway During his stay there he married his daughter to Alan's son The people of Man received this news with such indignation that they sent for Olave and made him King 1226. Olave recovered his inheritance namely the Kingdom of Man and of the Isles which his brother Reginald had governed for thirty eight years and reigned quietly two years 1228. Olave accompanied with all the Nobility and the greatest part of the people of Man sailed over to the Isles A while after that Alan Lord of Gallway Thomas Earl of Athol and King Reginald came into Man with a great army and there they wasted all the south part of the Island spoiled the Churches and put all the inhabitants they could meet with to death so that the whole was in a manner desolate After Alan had thus ravaged the Country he returned with his army leaving his Bailiffs in Man to collect the tribute of the Country and send it to him King Olave coming upon them at unawares soon put them to flight and recovered his Kingdom Whereupon the people that had been dispersed and scattered began to get together again and to live in their old homes with quietness and security The same year King Reginald came in the dead of night in the winter time with five sail of ships and burnt all the ships that belonged either to his brother Olave or the Nobility of Man the Isle of S. Patrick and tarried forty days after in Ragnoll-wath haven desiring peace of his brother During this abode he won over all the inhabitants of the south part of Man so that they swore they would lose their lives rather than he should not be restored to the half of the Kingdom Olave on the other side had drawn in those of the north part to adhere to him and so upon the fourteenth of February at a place called Tinguall the two brothers came to an engagement wherein Olave had the victory and King Reginald was flain but without the knowledge of Olave About this time certain Pirates arrived at the south part of Man and wasted it The Monks of Ruffin convey'd the Corps of King Reginald to the Abbey of S. Mary de Fournes and there it was buried in a certain place which he himself had before chose for that purpose Olave after this went to the King of Norway but before his arrival Haco King of Norway had appointed a certain Nobleman called Husbac the son of Owmund to be King of the Sodorian Islands and named him Haco This Haco accompanied with Olave Godred Don the son of Reginald and many Norwegians came to the Isles but in taking a certain castle in the Isle of Both he was
eyes of the Romans For Polyd. Virgil lib. 3. Anglicae historiae speaking of the division of the Empire among the sons of Constantine the Great reckons Orkney among the famous Kingdoms that fell to the share of his son Constantine saying Huic sorte evenit Britannia cum Gallia Hispania Orchadibus This Country it 's like continued thus under the Government of their own Princes till the fatal ruine and subversion of the Pictish Kingdom in Scotland in the year of our Lord 839. At which time Kenneth the second that martial King of Scots having in many battel 's overthrown the Pights at last expelled them out of all Scotland and seizing on Fife and Louthian and the other large territories that they had therein pursued them to Orkney vanquishing these Isles and adding them to his other Dominions Orkney being thus annexed to the Crown of Scotland continued many years under the Government of the Scottish Kings and their Lieutenants till about the year 1099. At which time Donald Bain Lord of the Isles having usurped the Crown and caused himself to be proclaimed King of Scotland and being thereupon put hardly to it by the injured Heir and discontented Nobility that he might not loose what he had unjustly usurped he invited Magnus King of Norway to come to his assistance with an offer of the Isles for his pains Who coming with his Navy invaded Orkney and the Western Isles putting Garisons in all convenient places By this means the Norwegian got possession of this Country and held it for the space of 164 years when they came to loose all again upon this occasion Anno 1263 Alexander the third being then King of Scotland Acho by some called Hagin King of Norway hoping from the divisions that were then in the Kingdom and the famine that then pressed the land to make some further conquest in Scotland comes with a great Navy and Army of Danes and Norvegians to the West Isles and conquers Arran and Bute which were the only Isles at that time under the Dominion of the Scots and from this success hoping for greater matters he lands on the continent and takes in the Town and Castle of Air. But King Alexander having assembled a great Army assaults him in battel at Largis kills his Nephew a man of high renown and after a great slaughter of his soldiers to the number of twenty four thousand puts the remainder to flight Immediately upon this defeat King Acho hears of another sad loss namely that his Fleet containing the number of an hundred and fifty ships were by the force of an outragious tempest all cast away and broken against the rocks except four in which he presently embarked and fled to Orkney Being come thither he sent to Norway and Denmark for a new army and Fleet with an intention again to invade Scotland the next summer but he died in the beginning of the following year January 22 anno 1264. and was buried in that place where the Cathedral now stands under a marble stone which is seen to this day After his death King Alexander invaded the Isle of Man and the Western Isles which after some opposition he recovered and intending to make the like attempt for the recovery of Orkney and Zetland there came Ambassadors to him from Magnus King of Norway and Denmark who succeeded his father Acho in these Kingdoms a man well enclined and one that feared God After several treaties it was at last agreed upon that King Alexander should pay to the King of Norway the sum of 4000 marks Sterling with the sum of an hundred marks by year And that for this Magnus King of Norway should quit all right that he might pretend to in the Isles of Orkney and Zetland and the other Isles of Scotland which accordingly he did by letters under his great seal renouncing and giving over all right or claim that he had or might have both for him and his successors to these and all the other Isles of Scotland And for the better confirmation hereof a marriage was agreed upon betwixt the Lady Margaret daughter to Alexander and Hangonanus or Hannigo or Aquine as others call him son to King Magnus both children to be compleated when they came to a marriageable estate This Magnus King of Norway was a man of great piety and devotion for which he was reputed a Saint commonly called Saint Magnus He much advanced the Christian Religion in this Country whose patron he is held to be and is thought to have founded that stately edifice in Kirkwall which is now the Cathedral called from him St. Magnus's Kirk The opinion of his sanctity and miracles made him so famous that the day wherein King Robert Bruce gave that great and memorable defeat to the English at Bannockburn there was seen riding through Aberdeen a horse-man in shining armor who told them of the victory and afterwards was seen riding on his horse over Pightland firth Whereupon it was concluded saith Boethius who tells this story that it was St. Magnus And upon that account the King after the victory ordered that for ever after five pound Sterling should be paid to St. Magnus's Kirk in Kirkwall out of the Customs payable by the Town of Aberdeen Orkney being in this manner recovered from the hands of the Danes and Norvegians continued ever after annexed to the Crown of Scotland Their Antiquities word for word from the same Author There is in Hoy lying betwixt two hills a stone called the Dwarfie Stone 36 foot long 18 foot broad nine foot thick hollowed within by the hand of some mason for the prints of the mason's irons are to be seen on it to this very hour with a square hole of about two foot high for the entry and a stone proportionable standing before it for the door Within at one end is a bed excellently hewen out of the stone with a Pillow wherein two men may conveniently lye at their full length at the other end is a couch and in the middle a hearth for a fire with a round hole cut out above for the chimney It 's thought to be the residence of some melancholy Hermit but the vulgar Legend says there was once a famous giant residing in that Island who with his wife lived in that same stone as their Castle At the west end of that stone stands an exceeding high Mountain of a steep ascent called The Wart-hill of Hoy near the top of which in the months of May June and July about mid-day is seen something that shines and sparkles admirably and which may be discerned a great way off It hath formerly shined more brightly than it does now but what that is though many have climbed up the hill and attempted to search for it none could ever find The vulgar talk of it as some enchanted Carbuncle but I rather take it to be some water sliding down the face of a smooth rock and when the sun at such a time shines upon it
the reflection causeth that admirable splendour At Stennis where the Loch is narrowest in the middle having a Causey of stones over it for a bridge there is at the South end of the bridge a Round set about with high smooth stones or flags without any engraving about 20 foot high above ground six foot broad and a foot or two thick Betwixt that Round and the bridge are two stones standing of the same largeness with the rest whereof one hath a round hole in the midst of it And at the other end of the bridge about half a mile removed from it is a larger Round about an hundred and ten paces diameter set about with such stones as the former save that some of them are fallen down and both East and West of this bigger round are two artificial as is thought green mounts Both these rounds are ditched about Some conceive that these rounds have been places wherein two opposite Armies encamped but others more probably think that they were the High-places in the Pagan times whereon Sacrifices were offered and that these two mounts were the places where the Ashes of the Sacrifices were flung And this is the more probable because Boethius in the life of Mainus King of Scots makes mention of that kind of high stones calling them the Temples of the Gods His words are these In memory of what King Mainus ordained anent the worship of the Gods there remains yet in our days many huge stones drawn together inform of a Circle named by the people The antient Temples of the Gods and it is no small admiration to consider by what art or strength so huge stones have been brought together You will find besides in many other places of this country Obelisks or huge high stones set in the ground like the former and standing apart and indeed they are so large that none sees them but wonders by what engines they have been erected which are thought to be set up either as a memorial of some famous battle or as a monument of some remarkable person that has been buried there that way of honouring deserving and valiant men being the invention of King Reutha as Boethius says There is in Rousay betwixt high mountains a place called The Camps of Jupiter Fring the name is strange and should import some notable accident but what it was I could not learn At the West end of the Main-land near Skeall on the top of high rocks above a quarter of a mile in length there is something like a street all set in red clay with a sort of reddish stones of several figures and magnitudes having the images and representations of several things as it were engraven upon them And which is very strange most of these stones when they are raised up have that same image engraven under which they had above That they are so figured by art is not probable nor can the reason of nature's way in their engraving be readily given In the Links of Skeall where sand is blown away with the wind are sound several places built quadrangularly about a foot square with stones about well-cemented together and a stone lying in the mouth having some black earth in them The like of which are found in the Links of Rousum in Stronsa where also is found a remarkable monument It is a whole round stone like a barrel hollow within sharp edged at the top having the bottom joyned like the bottom of a barrel On the mouth was a round stone answerable to the mouth of the monument and above that a large stone for the preservation of the whole within was nothing but red clay and burnt bones which I sent to Sir Robert Sibbald to whom also I thought to have sent the whole monument had it not broken in pieces as they were taking it from its seat It 's like that this as also the other four-square monuments have been some of those antient Urns wherein the Romans when they were in this country laid up the ashes of their dead Likewise in the Links of Tranabie in Westra have been found graves in the sand after the sand hath been blown away by the wind in one of which was seen a man lying with his sword on the one hand and a Danish ax on the other and others that have had dogs and combs and knives buried with them Which seems to be an instance of the way how the Danes when they were in this country buried their dead as the former was of the Romans Beside in many places of the country are found little hillocks which may be supposed to be the Sepulchers of the antient Peights For Tacitus tells us that it was the way of the antient Romans and Verstegan that it was the way of the antient Germans and Saxons to lay dead bodies on the ground and cover them over with turfs and clods of earth in the fashion of a little hillock Hence it seems that the many houses and villages in this country which are called by the name of Brogh and which all of them are built upon or beside some such hillock have been cemeteries for the burying of the dead in the time of the Pights and Saxons for the word Brogh in the Tentonick language signifies a burying place In one of these Hillocks near the circle of high stones at the North end of the bridge of Stennis there were found nine Fibulae of silver of the shape of a Horse-shoe but round Moreover in many places of this country are to be seen the ruines and vestiges of great but antique buildings most of them now covered over with earth and called Pight-houses some of which it 's like have been the sorts and residences of the Pights or Danes when they possessed this country Among the rest there is one in the Isle of Wyre called The Castle of Cubberow or rather Coppirow which in the Teutonick language signifies a tower of security from outward violence It is trenched about of this nothing now remains but the first story it is a perfect square the wall being eight foot thick strongly built and cemented with lime the breadth or length within the walls not being above ten foot having a large door and a small slit for the window Of this Cubbirow the common people report many idle fables not fit to be inserted here In the Parish of Evie near the sea are some small hillocks which frequently in the night time appear all in a fire Likewise the Kirk of Evie called St. Nicholas is seen full of lights as if torches or candles were burning in it all night This amazes the people greatly but possibly it is nothing else but some thick glutinous meteor that receives that light in the Night-time At the Noup-head in Westra is a rock surrounded with the sea called Less which the inhabitants of that Isle say has this strange property that if a man go upon it having any Iron upon him if it were an Iron nail in his shoe
Cassiterides because there are more than ten of them let him also reckon the Haebudes and the Orcades and if at the foot of his account he finds the number of the Haebudes neither more nor less than five and likewise of the Orcades than thirty as Ptolemy reckons them let him inquire somewhere else than where they are already supposed to be and I believe he 'll hardly find them by going this way to work For the truth on 't is the Ancient writers knew nothing certain of these remote parts and Islands no more than we of the Islands in the Streights of Magellan and the whole tract of New Guiney It is not to be thought strange that Herodotus knew nothing of them for he freely confesses that he had no certain knowledge of the remoter parts of Europe Yet Lead was first transported from this Island into Greece Lead says Pliny l. 8. Cap. de rerum Inventoribus was first brought hither from the Isle Cassiteris by Midacritus But for this matter let us hear Strabo towards the end of the third book of his Geography The Cassiterides are ten in number close to one another situated in the main sea north off from the port of the Artabri One of them is desert and unpeopled the rest are inhabited the people wear black cloaths and inner coats reaching down to their ankles girt about the breast and a staff in their hand like the furies in Tragedies They live by their cattle straggling up and down without any fixt or certain place to dwell in They have mines both of tinn and lead which commodities as also skins and furs they exchange to the merchants for earthen vessels salt and brasen works At first the Phaeâ—icianâ— only traded hither from Gades concealing these voyages from others The Romans to find out the place where they drove this trade made a certain master of a ship watch one of them but he run his ship into a shallow out of envy to prevent them and after he had brought them into the same danger escaped himself and received the worth of his cargo out of the common treasury in recompence However the Romans by many attempts at last found out this voyage Afterwards Publius Crassus having sail'd thither and seen them work these mines which were not very deep and that the people loved peace and navigation also at their leisure gave directions to all that would come hither though the sea they had to cross was wider than that between it and Britain But now for Silly About a hundred and forty five Islands go by this name all clad with grass and cover'd with greenish moss besides many hideous rocks and great stones above water plac'd in a kind of a circle about eight leagues from the utmost promontory in Cornwal Some of them afford pretty good corn but all are stock'd with rabbits cranes swans herons and sea-fowl The largest of them is that which takes its name from S. Mary 7 Having a town so named and is about eight miles in compass offereth a good harbour to Sailors in a sandy Bay wherein they may anchor at six seven and eight fathom but in the entry lye some rocks on either fine It hath had anciently a castle which hath yielded to the force of time But for the same Queen Elizabeth in the year 1593. when the Spaniards called in by the Leaguers of France began to nestle in Littâ—e Britain built a new castle with fair and strong ravelins and named the same Stella Maria in respect both of the ravelins which resemble the rays of a star and thâ— name of the Isle for defence whereof she there placed a garison under the command of Sir Francis Godâ—phâ—n where there is a castle and a garison These are those Islands which as Solinus says are sever'd from the coast of the Danmonii by a rough sea of two or three hours sail the Inhabitants whereof live according to the old custom They have no markets and money does not pass among them they give and take one thing for another and provide necessaries rather by commutation than by price or money They worship the Gods All both men and women pretend to the art of divination Eustathius out of Strabo calls the people herein Melanchlani because they wear long black coats as low as their ankle Sardus was perswaded that they lived as long as life could be desireable For in hopes of a better life they threw themselves from a rock into the sea which was certainly the opinion of the British Druides Hither the Roman Emperors us'd to send such as were condemn'd to the mines For Maximus the Emperor having pass'd sentence of death upon Priscillan for heresie Sulpâ—tâ—â—s Seâ—â—â—s commanded Instantius a Bishop of Spain and Tiberianus to be transported into the Silly-Islands and their goods to be confiscated so Marcus the Emperor banish'd one for pretending to prophesie at the time of the insurrection of Cassius and foretel things to come as if he were inspir'd into this Island as some imagine who would read it Sylia Insula for Syria Insula since Geographers know no such Island as Syria This Religation oâ—â—â—ansportation to foreign Islands was one kind of banishment in those days and the Governors of Provinces could banish in this manner Ulp. lib. 7. de Mathematâ—â—is in case their Province had any Islands appertaining to it if not they wrote to the Emperor to assign some Island for the Relegation Religation of the condemned party Neither was it lawful to transfer the body of the party thus exil'd to any other place for burying without the Emperor's permission We meet with nothing of these Islands no not so much as the name of them in any writers of the middle age but only that King Athelstan conquer'd them and after his return built the Church of S. Beriana or Buriena v. Cornwall p. 5. in the utmost promontory of Britain westward as soon as he landed Over against these on the coast of France just before the Osissimi or Britannia Armorica lies that which Pliny calls Axantos Axantos and retains the same name being now called Ushant Ushant Antoninus terms it Uxantissena which is a compound of the two names Uxantis and Sena For this is an Island somewhat lower which is now called Sayn directly over against Brest term'd in some copies Siambis Sâ—ambis and corruptly called Sounos by Pliny which from east to west for seven miles together is encompassed with rocks rather than Islands very close one to another As for this Sayn The Mariners call it the Seam take what Pomponius Mela has said of it Sena situated in the British sea over against the coast of the Osissimi is famous for the oracle of a French God whose priests are nine in number all under a vow of perpetual virginity The French men call them Zenae or Lenae for so I rather read it with Turnebus than Gallicenae and they think them
Ansly 722. Anthony a Town 10. Antiocheis 65. Antiochus 156. ANTIVESTAEVM Promontorium 5. ANTONA 275 431 432 440. Antonia 235. Antoninus Pius lxviii 703 704 705. Caracalla lxxii Antport 116. Antrim County of 1015. Antrum an Island in Gaul 707. Apelby 806 812. Apenninus xx Apennine Mount 278. English 771 791 805 809. Apewood-Castle 536. Aplederham 103. Apledor-Castle 177. Apledore 212 223. Apleton-Nun 735. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 xxi Apollo Grannus 897. An Apostolical Earl 76. Apotheosis lxxi 786. April call'd Easter-month cxxx Apseley-Gise 235. Apthorp 438. AQVAE SOLIS 69. Aquila 48 173 174 175. Ara what 503 710. Araris 710. ARBEIA vid. Ierby Arca 357. Archbishop of Canterbury 's Suffragan 204. Arch-deacon G. 577. Arch-deaconries clxx Arch-deacons 29 777. Archevesque 33. Archibald Duglass Earl of Angus 896 910. Archigubernus lxviii Architrenius 27. Arcoll 546. Arcubus W. de 773. Ardart 977. Arden 232 503. Ardenburg 503. Ardens ibid. Ardens 503. Arderns 557. Ardes 1013 1014. Ardeth 1009. Ardmanoch 945. Ardmor 981. Ardoch 951. Ardudwy 650 655 951. Ardulph 791. Arduthie 953. Are 710. Areans 839. Arfastus 383. Argenton Rich. de 367. David de 294. Argentons 294 375 407. Argetoooxus 928. Argile 931. Earls of 892 9â—2 934. Argita fl 1020. Arglus 1014. Argonauts 932. Arianism first in England lxxix ARICONIVM 575 579. Arith 22. Arklo Lords thereof 992. Arksey 724. Ar-lech what 655. Arlington 294 327 375 407. Armagh County and City 1011. Armanthwaite 831. Arme 1110. Armed Knight a Rock 20. Armigeri clxxxiii Armitage 905. Armorica xx xxiii xxxi cvi Armorici 649. Armoricans 2. Armaturae 835. Arms and Instruments of Brass where found 6 663 664 672. Arondel 10 181. Arondele 10. Arran 913 1001. Earls of 913. Arrow 503 504 513. Arsia Baron of 253. Arsony Treason 983. Artabri in Spain whence call'd 977. King Arthur 11 59 66 70 120 125 205 529 600 790 818 898 921. Arthur Plantagenet 33 139. Arthur Prince 519 696. Artificial Rocks 95. Artois Blanch of 797. Arvandus 117 118 129 130. Arverni 650. Arviragus lxiv xciii 205 234. Arun 169. Arundels 33 50 90 161 163 165 169 170 179 181 384 431 548. Arundel-Forest 179. Arvonia 663. Arwenack 7. Arwerton 371 513. Arwystili Lords of 653. St. Asaph 687. Ascot 281. Aselli a Constellation 120. Aserby 476. Ashburne 491. Ashburnham 176 182. Ashburton 37. Ashbury 138. Park 150. Ashby St. Leger 432. de la Zouch 444 454. Ashcoughs 472 479. Ashdown 343. Forest 179. Ashele Manor 393. Ashellwell-thorp 384. Asheridge 279. Ashford 197. Ashley Ant. Earl of Shaftsbury 54. Ashleys 50. Ashmole Elias 275. Ashted 165. Ashwell 289 293 403. Ashwood-Heath 537. Ask a Saxon 729. Askeadnith 952. Askerton 835. Askes 761. Aslakton 488. Aspeley-Gowiz 288. Asphaltites a Lake 543. Assenshire 947. Asserius 257. Astalbridge 271. Astalby ib. Astbury 562. Asteley-Castle 507. Asteleys 507. Astleys 529. Aston 724 789. Aston-Steeple 269. Aston Tho. 547. Astons 531. Astroites 466 599. Astures 573 778 834 852. Asturians 501. Astwell 429. Asylum 772. At-Court 634. Aterith 1002. Aterton 789. Athanasius 556. ATHANATON 200. Athelfled 123. Athelm 169. Athelney 61. Athelstan xiii 30 156 173 174 195 213 222 223 269 339 576 720 738 772 862. Athelstanford 896. Athelwold 125 407 408. Atheney Ph. de 357. Athenry Barony 1010. Atherston 507 774. Athie 990. Athol infamous for Witches 935. Athlone 1007. Athol J. Earl of 196. Atkyns Sir Robert 250. Atlynge 396. Aton 901. Attacotti lxxx cxxi Attal-Sarisin leavings of the Saracens 3 Attilborough 385 396. Attilbridge 385. Atton 754. Attons 755 775. ATTREBATII 137. Attrech 137. Att-Scarre 760. Aubigny 120 384. Aubrey Joh. 163 168 211 618 637. Sir John 615. Aubreys 590. Aubley Baron of 531 633. Aubury 111. Auckford 49 54. Audeville W. 521. Audley-end 352. Audley Tho. 333. Hugh 192 237 242. James Lord 531 532 538. Sir Tho. 333. Audleys 239 531 545 790 1014. Audre 409. Audry 410. Aveling 250 Avellina 36 742. Avenmore 980. Avensbury Th. 834. Aventon 233 245. AVFONA 429 431. Augusta the second Roman Legion 202. AVGVSTA a Name of London 310 313. a most honourable Title ib. Augustin the Monk See Austin Augustine 202 556. AVGVSTORITVM 403. Augustus whether ever in Britain xliii Avis 566 742. Aukland 775 783. Auldby 736. Aulerton 489. Aulre 60. Aulton 123 132 193 534. Aultrick 527 Aulus Plautius xliv 231 284 307 308 347 704. Aunsby 476. Aurelius Ambrosius cxxi cxxiii 114 706. Asclepiodatus 312. Aureval Roger de 124. Averhem or Aram 484. Avon 38 69 101 238 431 440 613 669. Avonog 645. Auranches 209. Henry of 492. Ausley-Castle 506. AVSOBA fl 1001. Ausonius 780. Aust 237. Austin de Baa 32. Austin the English Apostle cxxxi 197 198 200 221 315 410 522 AVTERI 1002. Aw fl 952. Awn 983. Awtenbury 424. Ax fl 33 AXELODVNVM 854. AXANTOS 1113. Axey 473. Axholme Island 473. its extent ib. Axminster 33. Axmouth 40. Axones cxxiv Aylesford 193 218. B. BAbbingley 391 401. Babham 's end 144. Bablac 252. Babthorpe 736 737. Backwell 78. Baclughs a Family 905. Bacon Lord Verulam 301 305 315 Bacon Sir Nicholas 369. Bacons 371 374. Baconthorp 390. John ibid. Badbury 50 55. Hill 101. Baddeley 560. Baddesley 504. Bade and Baden what 494. Badew Richard 404 413. Badilfmere Baron of 88 458 192 197 Badin-hill 983. Badminton-great 248. Badon-hill 70. Bagginton 501. Bagmere-lake 562. Bagnal Nic. 1013. Bagnals 1014. Bagotts 501 533 539. Bromley 539. Baileries and Balives their Original 912 Bainard 's a Noble Family 88 120 313 314 345. Bainbrigg 807 813. Bainham 233. Baint 759. Baintbrig cottages ib. Bainton 751. Baintons 88. Baise 295. Bakers 212. Bakewell 494 497. Bala 662 656. Bala-curi 1051. Baldach 575. Baldock 293. Baldred 187 213. Baldwin 34 35 40 160 280 372 650 Balineum for Balneum 761 763. Balin-Tobar 1006. Baliol John 260 270. Sir Alex. 195. Balisford 175. Balista a Robber 588. Balliol 773. Hugh 855. Ballistae 672. Balrodry Barony 993. Balshal 502 504. Balsham 404 406 412 413 414. Baltarbet 1009. Baltingglass 990. Balvenie 955. Balun 598 604. Bamff 944 955. Bampfield 30. Bampton 35 42 817. John de 42. Ban fl 1013 1017. BANATIA 944. Banburrow 860. Banbury 255 256 270. Banchor 556 568 590 1015. Bancroft Arch-bishop of Cant. 200. Ban-dogs 323. Bangor 556 568 690 693 651. Banks Sir John 841. Banks 49 50. Bankyir 959. BANNAVENNA 432 433 444. Bannerets clxxix Bannomanna 964. Banock-bourn 922. Banquo a noted Thane 945. Bany a River 979. Baptism 841. Baramdowne 205. Barbacan 322. Barbury-castle 112. Bapchiâ—d 218. Barden-Tower 713. Bards xvi 1021. Bardney 470. Bardolphs 160 393 483. Barelinck 58. Barford 512. Bariden fl 385. Barker 250. Barking 342. Barkley 74 235 236 238 247 373 447 486. Barklow 352. Barkney-Manour 293. BARKSHIRE 137 149 Earls of 152. Barleys 293. Barlow Bishop 273 811. Barnwell 405 432 996 997. Barodon 455. Barons and Barony clxxv 542 847. Barons in Scotland 892. Barray 1071. Barrington Sir John 746. Barrow-old 526. Dr. Isaac 414. Hill 537. Barrows what 352. Barrow fl