and furnished it with men of eminence in all Arts and Sciences for its first Professors Besides he annexed an Academy with fit Masters to teach perfectly all Gentile and Marshal Exercises as Dancing Vaultings Riding the Great Horse c. Anderskaw or Andershauw formerly a great Monastery now a strong Castle about an English Mile from Slagen It is is seated in a level Champaign Country and delicately well built Kallenburg was formerly a small Village inhabited by none but Fisher-men but about the year 1158. or I as some 117. it was turned into a City and beautified with a Castle Church and several other publick Buildings 'T is at present a Town of good Trade having the convenience of as safe an Harbour for Ships as any Haven in Denmark Korsor so called from the Multitude of Crosses erected formerly in the places out of the abundance of superstitious zeal in the Inhabitants Koge a small but very rich and populous City about sixteen English Miles from Copenhagen It is a place much thronged with Corn Merchants and Fishmongers driving a considerable Trade and being in a pleasant situation FVNEN FVnen is Situated betwixt Seeland and Juitland from which last it is parted by a Straight called Middlefar-sundt about one German Mile in breadth and separated from Seeland by the Beltis sundt or Baltick Bay which is so narrow and small a Frith that the Island and the Chersonese seem joyned together The length of this Island from East to West is Ten German Miles and the breadth Eight It is looked upon as the Pleasantest piece of Ground in the King of Denmark's Dominions abounding besides with all manner of Corn especially Wheat and Rye which is hence Yearly Transported in great Quantities unto other Nations Besides the Natives have generally great Herds of Cattel and good Breeds of Horses The Woods which overspread almost the whole Island are exceeding well stored with Deer Hares and Foxes This Island contains Four and Twenty Herets or Prefectures Sixteen Towns and Six Royal Castles besides many goodly Villages and Gentlemens Houses The Chief City of Funen is Ottensee seated in the very center of the Island and therefore a fit place for the Sessions of the Nobility and Magistracy which are Yearly held in this place as were likewise the General Assemblies of the Kingdom of Denmark before the Year 1660. The Buildings in this Town are generally well Built and the Streets Uniform Besides other Publick Structures there are in it two fair Churches whereof one is Dedicated to St. Cnuts the other to St. Francis Not far from the former of these stands a stately Town Hall upon a very spacious Market-place where King Fredrick the Second renewed the Ancient League between the Crown of Denmark and the Dukes of Holstein and Sleswick in the Year 1575. When the Quires of St. Cnut's Church was Repaired in the Year 1582 the Work men found in a Vaulta Copper Coffin gilded and adorned with Precious Stones upon which was writ the following Inscription in Old Latine-Gothic Characters Jam Coelo tutus summo cum Rege Canutus Martyr in aurata Rex atque reconditur arca Et pro justitiae factis occisus inique Vt Christum vitae sic morte fatetur in ipsa Traditur a proprio sicut Deus ipse Ministro A. D. MLXXXVI Other Towns of Note in Funen are 1. Bowens a Port Town of good Trade on the West side of the Island at the North end of Medelfar sund 2. Middlefar seated on the Common Passage from this Island to Kolding in Juitland On the thirteenth of January in the Year 1658 Carolus Gustavus King of Sweden led his Army over the Ice to this place and having Routed the Danish Forces which Opposed him made himself Master of the whole Island of Funen 3. Ascens not far from the Mountains of Ossenburg memorable only for a Victory gained near it by John Rantzaw King Christian the Third's General who levelled the City to the ground 4. Foborg upon the Southern Coast of the Island It was once Burnt by the unruly Souldiers of Christian the Third whilst Odensee adhering to the Captive Prince Christian the Second who at that time was kept close Prisoner at Sunderburg Redeem'd it self from the like Fate by a large Sum of Money 5. Swynburg over against the Isle of Langland from this place Carolus Gustavus led his Army over the Ice into Seeland in the Year 1658. 6. Nyburg the usual Passage from Funen into Seeland This City was first Fortified with a Moat and Bullwarks by King Christian the Third It is very Memorable for the Battel fought by the Confederates of the Empire Brandenburgh Poland and the Low Countries in the Year 1659. against the Swedes who were beaten in that Rencounter and utterly Routed out of Schonen In Funen there are reckoned up no less than Two Hundred Sixty four Parish Churches ZALAND LAland or Lawland so called from its low Situation is disjoyned from Seeland by a little narrow Straight called Gronesendt and is about Thirty two English Miles in length and two in breadth This is a very Fruitful Countrey hath good store of Rich Pasturage and affords such great Plenty of Corn and Chesnuts that Ships full Freighted with them are sent Yearly hence It contains four Herets or Lordships and as many Cities The great Towns or Cities are 1. Naschaw or Nashscouw which together with the adjoyning Monastery was Stormed Taken and Burnt by the Lubeckers in the Year 1510. 2. Sascoping 3. Newstadt once Famous for a Noble Monastery Built there A. D. 1286. 4. Lavingscoping Besides these the Nunnery of Marioebo or Mariboane was as Considerable and Remarkable a Place as any in the whole Island The other Islands in the Baltique now belonging to the Dane worth the taking Notice of are 1. Falster a considerable Island adjoyning to Laland It is not above Sixteen English Miles in length but affords Plenty of Corn Yearly to some Neighbouring Islands and to the very Continent The Principal Towns of this Isle are 1. Nicoping which for the Elegancy of the Place and the Pleasantness of the Situation is by Dr. Heylin styled The NAPLES of Denmark 2. Stubcopen or Stabcoping has some Trade upon the Account of its being the Ordinary Passage between Seeland and Germany 2. Langeland a narrow Island betwixt Funen and Laland seven Dutch Miles in length in which besides many Villages and Gentlemens Houses and sixteen Parish Churches is the Town of Rudcoping and the Impregnable Castle of Traneker which is admirably well provided with all manner of Military Ammunition 3. Mona or Meun a Chalky Island to the North-East of Falster It serves for a good Land-mark to the German Vessels that Trade in those Seas The only Town of Consequence in it is Stege which bravely withstood the Lubeckers in the Year 1510 and forced them at last to Retreat 4. Alsen another little Island called in Latin Elysia opposite to the Gulph or Bay of Flensburg in the Dukedom
have upon all occasions been renewed by those Princes and more particularly after the conclusion of the late Peace with Sweeden when the present King drew his Army about that Town which though not sufficient to force such a City yet coming at first as near it as he pleased by means of the Neighbourhood of Altena raised Batteries for his Artillery and Bombes with which he might have easily Incommoded the Town Whereupon several Princes Vigorously Interposing for an accommodation it was provisionally concluded on the First of November 1679. The Rights of the King of Denmark and of the City of Hamburg Remaining as they were until that the point of Homage and the other differences which depended betwixt his Danish Majesty and that Town should in an amicable way be decided by course of Law Now the chief condition of that accommodation was an obligation by the Town of Hamburg to pay at five Terms to his Danish Majesty the Sum of two hundred and twenty thousand Crowns In consideration whereof that King Remitted the Indignation he had conceived against that Town Renounced the Pretentions that he had to the Land Jointly possessed by Hambourg and Lubeck and promised to restore the Ships Goods Commodities and Inhabitants of Hambourg which had been Seized upon the account of these pretentions Other Towns of Note are 1. Gluckstadt Built and well Fortified by King Christian the Fourth and much improved by His Successors It commands the passage of the Elb so that it highly concerns the Hamburgers to be at Peace with the King of Denmark 2 Crempe seated on a small River of the same Name and is one of the Keys of the Kingdom of Denmark 3. Litzehoa 4. Bredenbourg one of the Neatest little Towns in all the King of Denmark's Territories As for Holstein it self it taketh up the Inland parts between Stormar and Juitland save that it hath an Out-let into the Baltick on the South-VVest of VVagerland the chief Towns are Kiel seated upon a Navigable Arm of the Baltick 2. Rensbourg the best fortified Town in the Dukedome 3. VVilstor a Neat and well Built City 4. Niew-Munster on the North-VVest of the Stor and not far from the Head of it And now for Juitland it comprehendeth all that part of the Cimbrick Chersonese that is divided from the Dukedom of Holstein by the River Eyder the Ancient boundary betwixt the Saxons and the Danes but principally by a long Trench and Wall from one Sea to the other of such bredth that a Chariot or two Horsemen a Breast might Ride upon it Godfrey King of Denmark first Building this Trench in the time of Charlemain or Charles the Great in Immitation of the Picts Wall in England for hindring the Incursions of the Saxons or stopping the Carrier of the said Emperours Victories The Tract of this Wall being still manifest to be seen is call d Dennewark or the Danes work to this very day Juitland was so called from the Juites who together with the Angli and Neighbouring Saxons made a Conquest of the best part of Brittain But the Ancient Inhabitants of this Province in the time of Prolomy and before were the Cobandi Chaly Phundusi Charudes and in the most Northern Tracts the Cimbri of whom the four first were but Tribes or Nations Upon that great expedition against Spain made by the Vandals on the Roman Empire the Juits and Angli though fit to Inlarge and shift their Habitations each taking possession of such quarters as lay nearest to them Those Juites or Getae being a People of Scandia or Schonen and there placed by Ptolomy for he went up the Northern parts of the Cimbrick Charsonese and gave it the Name of Juitland the other being a People of the Suevi dwelling on the South of the Elb possessed themselves of those parts which lay next their old Friends and Confederates the Saxons their chief Town being Sleswick where Angelen now an obscure Village but of great note in former times doth preserve their memory Upon the Angli's joyning with the Saxons in the Conquest of Brittain the Danes took that opportunity of Invading it in the absence of the Natives and having Conquered it as far as the River Eyder they planted it with Colonies of their own Nation and made it a part of that Kingdom The Air of this Country is much more mild than that of the other Provinces of these Northern Parts being temperated by the warm vapours of the Sea The Soyl of Juitland is extremely rich producing and affording all things necessary for the life of man The Country being for the most part plain little swelled with Mountains the Inhabitants reaping this double advantage from their Fields in that they yield interchangeably both Fish and Corn for during one three years they plough the Land and constantly reap the Fruits of it and for the next three let the Pools overflow the Land to the end the Fish may eat up the Grass whom they catch as often as they please and the Mud which is left behind enriches the Soyle Juitland too aboundeth so in Cattle that sendeth yearly into Germany 50000 Oxen besides great store of Butter Cheese Tallow Hides Horses and Swine having such plenty of excellent Hams that most of those which pass here in England under the name of Westphalia's come from thence It hath all manner of Game Fowl either for diversion necessaries or luxury It 's Pools Lakes and Rivers are furnish'd with all sorts of fresh Fish especially most excellent Salmons and in great abundance It 's commodious Bays provide with plenty all sorts of Foraign Commodities as well as the Sea doth Whitings Soles Herrings Mackeril Pilchards Oysters Smelts Sprats Shrimps Lobsters Crabs Thornback Rusfes Muscles Prawns Cockles Conge Turbots Mades Scute Escalops Cod c. Neither is it wanting of good Fruits It has excellent Timber both for building for Shipping and for Firing In short hardly any Country furnishes more towards the necessities nay and the amuzement and the diversions too of life than this does In regard of the Climate it cannot be expected that its Vines should come to any perfection they being only to be ripened by the heat of the Sun but it s own Commodities procure it the best Wines of all Countries which nevertheless it does not stand in need of it producing vast plenty and most excellent Barley whereof they make their Ale and other Liquors which if not more toothsome yet perhaps more natural to their bodies and constitutions It likewise Transports into other Countries great Stores of Equipage for Shipping Armors Ox-hides Buck-skins Wainscot Fir-wood and the like Juitland is divided into North and South the latter containeth many considerable Towns as first Flensbourch a deep safe and commodious Port Halem upon the German Ocean near the mouth of the River Eyder Itadersleeve a Bishops See Sondenberg in the Peninsula called Eyderstede over against the Strandt an Island of the German Ocean Sternberg the ordinary Residence of the King of
Denmark's Governour Gottorp a strong Castle of the Duke of Slyvicks at the end of a large Inlet of the Baltick remarkable for the Toll-Booth at which Toll is paid one year with another for 50000 Oxen transported out of North Juitland into Germany Seswick the principal Town of this Province an Episcopal See and the Head of a Dukedom When Christian Earl of Oldenburgh was chosen King of Denmark the Dukedom of Holstein became part of that Kingdom Yet so that the Kings of Denmark were reckoned Princes of the Empire as Dukes of Holstein tho not obliged to repair to any Dyet Afterwards the title of Duke of Holstein with a considerable part of the Country was given to Adolph Christian the third brother who Governed it interchangeably with his Brother by turns Upon the decease of this Duke and his Issue-Male the title was conferred on Vlric King Christian the Fourth's Brother Since his daies there have been several Houses of the Dukes of Holstein as has been before shown amongst whom the Duke of Holstein Gottorp is chief and challenges the same power in governing and administring of Justice as was at first conferred upon Duke Adolph King Christian the 3's Brother In the late Wars the King of Denmark forced the present Duke of Gottorp to quit his Dukedom and abandon all Holstein to his Majesties possession But at the signing of the Treaty between the Kings of France Denmark and Sweden at Fontainbleu Sept. 2. 1679. the Danish Ministers promised their Master should at the desire of his most Christian Majesty restore to the said Duke all his Countrys Towns and Places in the same State they were at the signing of the Treaty with all the Soveraignty that belonged to him by vertue of the Treaties of Rosehild Copenhagen and Westphalia The Duke expected besides being restored to his Countries some recompence for the damage his Territories had suffered during the War by the vast sums of Money which the King of Denmark had raised therein as being one of the best Countries in all the North or at least to have had back the Cannon being 100 excellent brass pieces But his expectations in this point were not answered North Juitland hath on the South the Dukedom of Sleswick but surrounded by all other parts by the Sea is divided into 4 Diocesses or Districts that of Rip or Ripen containing 30 Prefectures or Here as they use to call them seven Cities 〈◊〉 walled Towns and ten Castles 2. That of Arhusen lying on the North of Ripen and more towards the Baltick containing 31 Herets or Prefectures 7 Cities or walled Towns 5 Castles and the Islands of Sumsoe Hiolim Tuecen Hiance◠Hilgenes and others 3. That of Wiburg on the North of Arhusen containing 16 Herets the Islands of Jegen 2. Hansholm 3. Ostholm 4. Cisland 5. Egholm 6. Bodum Three Citys or walled Towns and as many Castles the principal whereof is Wiborch an Episcopal See the ordinary seat of Judicature for both the Juitlands 4. That of Alburg or Vandalia which is subdivided into four parts as 1. Thyland whose chief Town is Alborch the Bishop of Vandalia's usual Seat and Residence 2. Morsce containing three Herets the Town of Nicoping the Castle of Lunsted and the Isle of Ageroe 3. Hanheret containing four Herets the Town of Thystad a kind of University the Castle of Orum and the Islands of Oland and Oxholm In this District standeth the Rock called Skaringclint serving for a Sea Mark to prevent Mariners running against the Quick-sands which lye about this Coast 4. Wensyssel Vensilia or Wenslie containeth six Herets or Prefectures The Islands of Grosholm of Hertshorn and Tidesholm one Castle and three Towns the most remarkable of which is Scagen standing at the utmost Promontory or most Northerly Point of all this Chersonese being notorious for the Shipwrack of many Ships of all Nations Zealand the largest fairest and most fertil Island in the Baltick Sea lies East of Juitland from which separated by an arm of the Sea called the Belt and West of Schonen from which it is parted by a fresh River not above a Dutch Mile in breadth commonly called by the name of the Sund or Sound This Island being about twelve German Miles broad and eighteen long It was anciently called Codanonia which signifies the same thing as the modern words Danes or Denmark Many of the Danish Etymologists derive Seeland from Sordland or Seedland from the abundance of Corn which this Country affords Others with greater Probability make the word signifie no more than an Island or parcel of Ground encompassed with the Sea This Island containeth 15 Cities or Walled Towns the principal whereof are Copenhagen the Metropolis of this Island and of the whole Kingdom of Denmark which is seated on the East Part of Zealand upon the Sea shore The Danes call it Kiobenhaun and the Germans Copenharen both which words are corruptions of Kiobm inshaven or the Kaven of Merchants The Town is of an Orbicular form and very well fortified since the War in 1659. with the Swedes having an Arcenal which perhaps excels any thing of that kind in Europe In the Arcenal is kept a Coach with springs by which means it goes as if it were of it self and of its own movement but the Artifice of this Work depends on two men hidden under a covering in the Coach of whom the one turned the Wheels which pushed it on and the other guided it by the means of a Rudder in the Head Its Cathedral Church dedicated to St. Mary is beautified with a noble Copper Spire built at the charges of King Christian the Fourth The Advowsance of this Church belongs to the Professors in the Universitie which was founded by Ericus the Ninth but perfected by King Christian the First by him and the succeeding Princes liberally endowed The City is Governed by four Burgo-masters one whereof is Regent or President for his life This Honour is conferred at present on that deserving and learned Person P. John Resenius Professour of Moral Phylosophy in the University at Copenhagen and Counsellour to the present King of Denmark Amongst the Ornaments of the Town are the Market-place which is exceeding spacious the King's Palace all covered with Copper standing in an Island wherein is kept a Ship of Ivory wholly fitted whereof the Tackling Sails and Cannons were entirely of Ivory being an extraordinary fine piece of Manufacture The Observatory or Runde Toorn which is very remarkable and especially for the fashion of its Stair-case if we may call it so which is nothing but a Pavement which mount singeniously without Steps and it is so very broad a Coach may easily go up to the top and there too it has room enough to turn in This Tower was built on purpose for the use of Astronomers and out of it you go into a fine Library which stands on the side of the Tower There is Marks of the Siege to be seen which the Swedes laid to this City amongst others