Selected quad for the lemma: end_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	island_n	mile_n	west_n	1,403	5	10.1002	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51275	Geography rectified, or, A description of the world in all its kingdoms, provinces, countries, islands, cities, towns, seas, rivers, bayes, capes, ports : their ancient and present names, inhabitants, situations, histories, customs, governments, &c. : as also their commodities, coins, weights, and measures, compared with those at London : illustrated with seventy six maps : the whole work performed according to the more accurate observations and discoveries of modern authors / by Robert Morden.	Morden, Robert, d. 1703.	1688 (1688)	Wing M2620; ESTC R39765	437,692	610

which is defended by a Fort built upon a Rock just in the Entrance with an open Port but unsecure Bay for great Ships Clissa supposed to be the Andretium of Strabo and Anderium of Ptol. is a strong Fort more by Nature than Art Situated upon a Rock which stands just in the middle of the Passage between the Mountains which is so narrow that not a Man or Horse can pass by without the License of their Castle It is now in the Possession of the Venetians taken from the Turks 1647. under the Conduct of the Signior Fescolo it is about 8 Miles North of Spalato and 4 from Salona In 1647. Obraozza Carino Ortissina Velino Nadino Vrana Tino and Salona were subdued to the Venetian Arms by the prosperous Success of Foscolo And Sebenico Besieged by Mahomet Techli who was forced to raise the S ege with the loss and slaughter of many of his Soldiers Zegna the Senia of the Ancients Zara the Jadera of Ptolomy strongly Fortified and well Manned of a commodious Situation almost encompassed with the Sea only the East end joyned to the firm Land new very strong being secured by divers Redoubts and 4 Royal Bastions and a new Line of Fortification which makes it the most considerable and strongest Place in all Dalmatia Sehenico is a strong Fortress seated on a rising Hill whose spacious Port is secured by the Fort of St. Nicolas and the Hills by a Cittadel and the new Works of St. John. Salona a Roman Colony and the ordinary Arsenal for their Navies well known in Ancient Stories for the Retreat of Dioclesian and the Garden of his Retirement after he had renounced the Empire Trau Tragurium of Strabo and Plin. is situated between the firm Land and a little Island Bua joyned to the Land by a Stonebridg and to the Island by a Wooden-bridg it is about 18 or 20 Miles West from Spalato Lessina is the Isle which Ptol. calls Pharia Strabo Pharos very high Rocky and Mountainous reckoned about 100 Miles in compass at the South end is a good Haven where is the Town having a Cittadel on the top of a steep Rock The place is noted for the Fishing Trade of Sadelli which are like Anchovies 100 Miles from Zara 30 Miles South from Spalato and 30 Miles North from Lisse Almissa the Peguntium of Ptolomy or Pigantia seated on a high Rock and Defended with a strong Castle now belonging to the Turks teste Baud. Castle Novo a strong Fortress within the Gulf of Cataro taken by the Venetian under the Conduct of General Conaro 1687. Cataro Ascrivium Plin. Ascrivion Ptol. a strong Hold also of the Venetians against the Turks But Mr. Wheeler saith 't is the first Town belonging to the Turks Budua the Butua of Ptol. is the last place of the Venetians on the Dalmatian Shores. Places more belonging to the Turks are Narenza Dulcigno or Vlcinium of old a City of indifferent good Trade where the Franks have a Consul containing about 7 or 8000 Inhabitants Scudari the Scodra of Old strongly Seated on a steep Rock Memorable for the years stout Resistance which it made against Mahomet the Second but taken Anno 1578. by the Turks And Al●sio the Lissus of Old the farthest Town of all Dalmatia where Scanderbeg was Buried Of the Commonwealth of Ragusa THIS is a small Commonwealth whose Town and Territories are in Dalmatia upon the Gulf of Venice and which pays Annually to the Turk 50000 Livres as being environed by the Territories under his Jurisdiction and not able to subsist without the Grand Signior's Leave It makes some Acknowledgment also to the Venetians as Masters of the Gulf. It keeps good Correspondence also with the Princes of Italy and endeavours to preserve themselves under the Protection of the King of Spain to whom it pays Tribute in the Person of the Vice-Roy of Sicily The Gentlemen must Marry Ladies if they desire to be accounted Nobles of Ragusa Contrary to the Custom of other Nations they count the Age of Men from the Conception and not from the day of their Birth The Revenue of the Republick is about 300000 Livres The Inhabitants addict themselves altogethe● to Trade In the year 1667. a great misfortune befell the City it being almost all swallowed up by an Earthquake Their Principal Port i● that of the Holy Cross Santa Cruce about nine miles from the City The chief Governour is called the Rector but his Government lasts but one Month. The Citizens change every day the Governour of their Castle Neither do they let him enter into his Command but in the Night and then they blind his Eyes The Turks have a kindness for the Ragusians because they pay their Tribute exactly and because they have by their means all the Commodities of Europe which they stand in need of They give them those Privileges which they grant to no other Christian for they permit them to buy Provisions in their Dominions For the Country about Ragusa is so Barren full of Rocks and Stones that if it brings forth any thing 't is by means of the Earth which they fetch from other parts The Town is well Built and Fortified with Walls and a Castle a Noted Empory and of a good Trade the Epidaurus of Old. 1. Sabioneera is a Town Seated on a long slip of Land opposite to Curzola belonging to the Republick of Ragusa where are many delightful and fruitful Gardens 2. Santa Croce the Entrance good the Port large deep and secure being every way Land-locked by Mountains round it covered with Vineyards Gardens and Houses of Pleasure of the Ragusians 3. Budua the Bulua of Ptol. is the last place of the Venetians on the Dalmatian Shores. 4. The Gulf of Lodrin was anciently the Gulph of Apolonia where Caesar narrowly escaped with his Life and Fleet. 'T is a dangerous passage about 150 miles over Curzola by Strabo Corcyra Nigro once belonging to the Republique of Ragusa but taken from them by the Venetians by a cunning Exchange The Town is of the same Name and seated upon a Peninsula is a Bishops Seat and Walled besides which there is about five Villages Along the Coast of Dalmatia lies a great cluster of Islands Debronicha Turcis Liburnides Insulae by Strab. the Names of the chief you will find in the Maps most of them belonging to the Venetians which are said to contain 40000 Inhabitants Of SERVIA A New Map of SERVIA BULGARIA en ROMANIA By Robt. Morden SERVA or Zervia as some call it contains part of Moesia Superior and part of Dalmatia of old it had once Kings of its own now extinct It was once under the Hungarian Kings now wholly possessed by the Turks It is now divided into Maritine and Midland Servia teste Joan. Lucio Servia Maritima olim Chulmia now Herzegovina extendeth towards Dalmatia and Albania Servia Mediterranea is divided into two parts viz. Rascia and Bosna It is a Fruitful and pleasant Country consisting of Plains Woods and Hills not

in the great Bay. It is the best prepared place to build Navies at easie rates at his Majesties pleasure since they are of late something more choice in their Timber then formerly they were and specially since Ship-Timber is so generally wanting in England and Ireland and the Eastland Oak as some say is so very spungy It carries the most aw and countenance and can best with a little incouragement defend it self against a Foreign assault and is most fit and ready to help and relieve His Majesties other Colonies if such a distress should happen And it is the grand Nursery that breeds and indeed that is found most proper to breed Men in great numbers of resolute bold and lasting courage and all other Creatures in like manner nearest unto those of old England in the World and their Men most fit for Navigation Merchandize or War by Sea or Land. A Description of New York NEw York contains all that Tract of Land which is seated between New England Virginia Mary-Land and the length of which Northward into the Country as it hath not been fully discovered so 't is not certainly known but in general it extends to the Banks of the great River Canada East and West its breadth is accounted two hundred Miles comprehending also that Tract of Land which is betwen Hudson's River and Delaware River called New Jarsey It s principal Rivers are Hudson's River toward the East Raritan River about the middle and Delaware River on the West its chiefest Islands are Long-Island Manahattens-Island and Staten-Island It was so called from his Royal Highness the Duke of York the Proprietor thereof by Grant from his Majesty Anno 1664. Who the same year grants and conveys out of it all that aforesaid Tract of Land and Premises which is between Hudson's River and Delaware River unto John Lord Berkley and Sir George Carteret jointly by the name of New Caesarea or New Jarsey So that New York now contains only that part of New England which the Dutch formerly seized and called it the New Netherland and Nova Belgia lying between Hudson ●s and Conecticut Rivers on the Continent with the Islands of Manahatten and long-Long-Island opposite thereunto Manahattens Island so called by the Indians it lyeth betwixt the Degrees of forty one and forty two North Latitude and is about fourteen Miles long and two broad whose chief place is New York seated upon the South end of the aforesaid Island having a small Arm of the Sea which divides it from Long Island on the Eastside of it which runs Eastward to New England and is Navigable though dangerous Hudson's River runs by New York Northward into the Country toward the Head of which is seated New Albany a place of great Trade with the Indians betwixt which and New York being above one hundred Miles is as good Corn-Land as the World affords enough to entertain hundreds of Families in the time of the Dutch-Government of those Parts At Sopers was kept a Garison but since the reducement of those parts under his Majesties Obedience by the care of the Honourable Colonel Nichol's Deputy to his Highness such a League of Peace was made and Friendship concluded betwixt that Colony and the Indians that they have not resisted or disturbed any Christians there in the setling or peaceable Possession of any Lands with that Government but every Man hath sate under his own Vine and hath peaceably reapt and enjoyed the Fruits of their own labors which God continue New York is built most of Brick and Stone and covered with red and black Tile and the Land being high it gives at a distance a pleasing Aspect to the Spectators The Inhabitants consist most of English and Dutch and have a considerable Trade with the Indians for Bevers Otter Raccoon skins with other Furs as also for Bear Deer and Elk Skins and are supplied with Venison and Fowl in the Winter and Fish in the Summer by the Indians which they buy at an easie rate and having the Country round about them they are continually furnished with all such Provisions as 〈◊〉 needful for the life of Man not only by the English and Dutch within their own but likewise by the Adjacent Colonies The Commodities vented from thence are Furs and Skins before-mentioned as likewise Tobacco made within the Colony as good as is usually made in Mary-land Also Horses Beef Pork Oyl Pease Wheat and the like Long Island the West end of which lies Southward of New York runs Eastward above one hundred Miles and is in some places eight in some twelve in some fourteen Miles broad it is inhabited from one end to the other On the West end are four or five Dutch Towns the rest being all English to the number of twelve besides Villages and Farm-houses The Island is most of it of a very good Soil and very natural for all sorts of English Grain which they sow and have very good increase of besides all other Fruits and Herbs common in England as also Tobacco Hemp Flax Pumpkins Melons c. There are several Navigable Rivers and Bays which put into the Northside of Long Island but upon the Southside which joyns to the Sea it is so fortified with Bars of Sands and sholes that it is a sufficient defence against any Enemy yet the Southside is not without Brooks and Rivulets which empty themselves into the Sea yea you shall scarce travel a Mile but you shall meet with one of them whose Christal Streams run so swift that they purge themselves of such stinking Mud and Filth which the standing or low-paced Streams of most Brooks and Rivers Westward of this Colony leave lying and are by the Suns exhalation dissipated the Air corrupted and many Fevers and other Distempers occasioned not incident to this Colony Neither do the Brooks and Rivulets premised give way to the Frost in Winter or Drought in Summer but keep their course throughout the year Towards the middle of Long Island lyeth a Plain sixteen Miles long and four broad upon which Plain grows very fine Grass that makes exceeding good Hay and is very good Pasture for the Sheep or other Cattel where you shall find neither stick nor stone to hinder the Horse Heels or endanger them in their Races and once a year the best Horses in the Island are brought hither to try their swiftness and the swiftest rewarded with a Silver Cup two being annually procured for that purpose There are two or three other small Plains of about a Mile square which are no small benefit to those Towns which enjoy them Upon the Southside of Long Island in the Winter lie store of Whales and Grampusses which the Inhabitants begin with small Boats to make a Trade catching to their no small benefit Also an innumerable multitude of Seals which make an excellent Oyl they lie all the Winter upon small broken Marshes and Beaches or Bars of Sand beforementioned and might be easily got were here some skilful Men would

form approaches near a Triangle whose sides are almost equal It s situation is for the most part under the Torrid Zone the rest under the Antartick temperate Zone The Coasts of this part of the World are in part known to us but the Inlands very little And here I must beg pardon for my digression from the usual Order and Method of Geographers for being necessarily oblidg'd to wait upon some of our North American Proprietors for a more exact Description than what is generally extant And the haste of the Press pressing me for more Work I was forced to take this Course to begin at the most Southern part of America and to proceed to the more Northerly and so finish this Circle of Geography Come we therefore to TERRA MAGELLANICA By Rob Morden MAgellanica lies upon the South of America near the Streight of Magellan whose name it still retains though sometimes call'd the Country of the Patag●ns It is a very poor Country and subject to cold by reason of the high Mountains where the Snow lies almost all the year As for the Natives they live in Caves and adore the Devil that he may do them no harm The Spaniards English and Dutch have given various Names to the Places where they have been In the first part of the Reign of King Philip the Second the Spaniards built C●●d●d de● Rey Philippe and several other Forts upon the Eastern Entrance in the Straits of Magellan to hinder their Enemies from passing that way but all signified little or nothing because of the wideness of the Streight and the whole Colony perished for want of Provisions For which reason that City was afterwards called the Port of Hunger Port Saint Julian where Magellan winter'd and punished his Mutineers Port Desire upon the Eastern Coast This Port otherwise called Bay de los Trabayos has an entrance about half a League broad with two little Islands and two Rocks which are not to be seen at high Water The Soil is a white Sand without Trees However there is fresh Water of which the Ships provide themselves that are bound toward the Streight Magellan Drake Cavendish Oliver of the North Maire Schouten and others have all passed the same Streight The relations of the Spaniards affirm that there are Men there ten foot high Those relations add Demi-Giants that will carry each of them a Tun of Wine c. They call them Patagons The English who lately passed the Magellan Streight report things quite contrary and say that the Natives of that Country are no bigger than our Europeans In the year 1669 his Majesty of Great Britan his Royal Highness the Duke of York and several others of the Nobility designed a better discovery of the Southern part of Chili In order whereunto were two Ships sent out the one called the Sweepstakes under the conduct of the adventurous and worthy Commander Sir John Narborough and the other the Batchelor who proceeding on their Voyage near the Streights of Magellan about Rio S. Julian losing one the other the Batchelor returned home with an apprehension that his Consort was lost But contrarily the Sweepstakes very honourably proceeded on her Voyage passed through the Streights into Mar-del Zur and failed all along the Coast of Chili unto Baldivia which is under the Command of the Spaniards who by a pretended friendship betrayed and detained four of the English all endeavors of Sir John for their relief being ineffectual he was forced to leave them behind and so he returned back through the Streights and in June 1671 came to London giving great hopes and expectation of a very advantageous Trade in those Parts by reason of the abundance of Gold and Silver in that Country Out of whose Journals I have taken these following Memorials That the difference of Longitude from St. Jago to Penguin Island was 46d 38 m and Meridian distant was 2321 Miles 7 / 10. Soals Bay in Latitude ●8 d 15 m at the North end of this Bay was a Rocky Island full of Seals therefore called Seals Bay. In Spiring Bay lie three Rocky Islands On the North side of Spiring Bay Penguin Island about a Mile and a half from the Main so full of Penguins that they knocked them down with sticks and are about the bigness of a Goose they cannot fly nor go very fast having no Wings but small Stumps that they swim with that they get their Food out of the Sea. Port Desire lies in the Latitude 47d 30 m and from St. Jago 46d 38 m Longitude where is six Fathom Water at low Water Northward Off Port Desire there lies a League of Rocks and are about a League from the Shore And on the South side is Penguin Island and just at the entrance of it on the South side is a spired Rock much like a Steeple or Watch Tower which is a good Mark and stands about ½ a Mile from the Sea side and the River runs up about thirty Miles A barren Land little Wood or fresh Water and no People were seen by the English There were great store of Weyetnacks or Spanish Sheep plenty of Hares and Estriches abundance of Ducks Mallards also Ducks Curlews Black-shanks White-breasts and great blew Ducks as big as Geese and store of Seals upon an Island up the River the English found a piece of Lead nailed to a Post and a Tin-Box with a Paper left by Captain Jagus Lamir dated December 8. 1615. It is high Water at twelve of the Clock upon the Full Moon or Change and at Spring Tides it Ebbs and Flows about three Fathoms right up and down the Harbors mouth is but narrow being about a Musket shot from side to side Port Julian lies in the Latitude of 49d 00 m A Mile within the Narrow there is nine Fathom Water at high Water and but four Fathom at low Water the Chanel going in lies S. W. and N. E. and when in the Harbor it lies S. S. W. and N. N. E. 'T is high Water at half an hour past eleven at full Moon or at Change the Water riseth and falls about four Fathom and a half In the Harbor there are several Islands and also two Ponds within a Bow-shot of the Water side the one is Salt Water the other Fresh The Harbor affords great store of Wild Fowl as at Port Desire And the Land Weyetnacks Estriches Hares c. Here were seen five or six Indians and about nine Miles W. from the Harbors Mouth was found a great large Salt Pond full of good Salt about three Miles long and one Mile in breadth Beach Head in Latitude 50l 00 m from which about ten Miles lies the Hill of St. Ives Cape Virgin in Latitude 52d 15 m South Latitude from the pitch of this Cape S. W. there lies a Beachy Point about a League into the Sea that has little Bushes growing upon the top thereof The first Narrow of the Magellan Streights which is about three Leagues in length and in the

Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Ro●● Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name

and Tartars and assaulted Barchan a Palanka opposite to Gran. Since the Battel between Syclos and Mohatz 1687 the chief Places belonging to the Turks in Hungary are Agria Hatwan Gyulla Great VVaradin and Temeswar in the Vpper Hungary Canissa and Alb● Regalis in the Lower Hungary Of Germany A New Map of GERMANY By Robt. Morden THE Name of Germans is much controverted amongst Authors some think them so called by the Romans who seeing the people so like unto the Gauls called them Germans to the Gauls Others derive it from Ger signifying all and man whence also came the Name of Almaine which some fabulously derive from Alman whom they would have to be the 11th King of the Dutch or Germans Others from the River Atmul by later Writers called Almannus whereunto they should border Others more probably from the Dutch Allensen Mann Signifying all sorts of men or all hardy and valiant The many opinions also and great differences we have found amongst Authors in the Interpretations of the many ancient German Nations makes me at present not to mention them 'T is generally agreed that the Gomerians or Cimbri were the first Inhabitants of Gaul Germany and all the Nations of the North and West of Europe and that the Gauls their Off-spring under their Captain Segovesus victoriously ranged over all Germany from whom have sprung the ancient Inhabitants of this Country Divided they were into several Nations and these also subdivided into lesser Tribes The first Nation of the Germans who made the Romans as well feel their Swords as know their Names were the Cimbri Tentones and Ambrones upon their Invasion of Gaul and Italy who were overcome and Destroyed by Marius After this Caesar upon his Conquest of France having passed the Rhine and provoked the Germans stirred up a tedious War all other Adventures were easie to the daring Romans Nothing could give Check to Caesars Fortune only the Germans who at last were rather Triumphed over than Subdued by their greatest Armies How little was their Progress How inconsiderable were their Acquests after so long a War which continued for more Generations than others lasted Years And indeed some part of Germany viz. that beyond the Elbe and Danube was never so much as Attacqued Endangered once by Drusius in the Reign of Caesar Augustus but freed by the Victory of Arminius and the death of Varus and his Legions neglected afterwards as a people unconquerable or not worth the conquering Towards the wain of the Roman Empire the Names of the ancient Inhabitants by little and little worn out and quite extinguished through their Fights and Butcheries amongst themselves their Transmigrations into foreign Countries their affection and union into new Names and the Fleetings and Invasions of the Sarmatians and more Eastern people Germany became confounded and peopled with thirteen for the most part differing Names of the Saxons Almans French Thuringiens Boioarians Huns Lombards Avares Hungarians Danes Norwegians Suethide or Sclaves whose Original fortunes Kingdoms and States issuing from them I must refer for a larger Treatise of Geography if God permit But the fatal period of the Roman Empire drawing on apace the Franks Burgundians Almains and other German Nations break through their Guards dispossess the Romans of all Gaul Rhetia and Noricum till in the end the French prevailing over the rest extend their Empire over all the Modern Germany chiefly by the Valour of Charles the Great created Emperor of the West part of France and Germany Afterwards in the time of Lodovicus Pius the Son of Charles the Great Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many parts viz. Italy France Burgundy Lorrain and Germany amongst his Sons and Nephews with the Title of Kings by which means the Kingdoms of Lorrain and Germany United in the Person of Lewis the Ancient were aliened from the French and possessed by the great Princes of Lorrain Saxony Suabia and Bavaria As also by them dismembred into many Principalities and Inferior States all passing under the Name of Alman or Germans Germany is now bounded on the East with Poland and Hungary on the West with France Switzerland and the Seventeen Provinces on the North with the Baltick Sea and Denmark and on the South with the Alps which part it from Italy The length whereof from East to West viz. from the Borders of Lorrain to Poland is 766 miles the breadth from North to South viz. from the Baltick Sea to the Southermost part of Tyrol is 657 miles of the same Measure viz. 73 to a degree 'T is situate in the Northern Temperate Zone the longest day in the Southern parts being 15 hours and an half in the most Northern 17 hours and a Quarter 'T is a spacious Country and very Populous the People of strong Constitution of a good Proportion and Complexion very ingenious and stout much given to Drink but of an Honest Noble Nature The poorer sort great pains-takers and the Nobles either stout Souldiers or good Scholars The Women are of good Complexion but corpulent good Bearers and fruitful Breeders The Title of the Father descends to their Children so that every Son of a Duke is a Duke and every Daughter of a Dutchess is a Dutchess whence it follows that the Nobility being too much multiplied is no less impoverished The Language here generally spoken is the High-Dutch a Language very Ancient and hath less commixture with the Latin than any which is used in these Western parts No Country in the World is either better Planted with goodly Cities or more Pleasant and Healthful A Country abounding with Mines of Silver and other Metals plentiful in Corn Wines Salt Flesh Linnen Quick-silver Allom Saffron Armour and Iron-works The Germans are excellent Mechanicks eminent for Water-works Chymistry and Printing Memorable is the story of Regiomontanus's Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile to meet the Emperor Maximilian but especially famous is this Region for the two Grand Inventions of the latter Ages viz. That fatal Instrument the Gun first found out by Bertholdus Swart a Frier The Mystery of Printing first discovered by a Soldier The Religion of this Country is divided into Papists and Protestants the latter again divided into Lutherans and Calvinists About the year 1250 the Empire being greatly distracted into many Factions each Faction chose a King of the Romans or Emperor The Empire thus fluctuating for about twenty years The Princes met at Quidlinburg and made a League of Defence together and meeting at Francfort they chose Radolphus Earl of Hapsburg in the year 1270 who gaining Austria and other Territories adjacent was the first Arch-Duke of Austria about 1280. About the year 1500 the State of Burgundy which comprehended also the Low-Countries was by Marriage with the Heiress thereof added to the House of Austria About the same time under Maximilian the First the publick Courts of Judicature called the Imperial Chamber the Supream Tribunal and Appeal of Justice was fixed at Spire and

formerly a famous City but swallowed up and shuffled into Ruins and Rubbish by an Earthquake which are very frequent in Japan Oudarro is a stately City adorned with a sumptuous Palace and lofty Spires The other chief Islands about Japan are Bungo Cikoko Saykok or Ximo all one Island but thus called by several Authors 2. Tonsa or Xicoco or Tokoese and Chiccock 3. Firando and Gotto with innumerable others Congoxuma is the first City where the Portugueses landed and got footing in Japan and was their Staple Nangesaque is the chief Staple and Residence of the Dutch in Japan first built by the Portugues This Lodge or Fortress lies on the small Island Disma and is the Magazine for all Indian Commodities and the best harbor for the reception of Merchant Vessels of any Port in Japan At this day the Hollanders pretend all Trade at Japan The extent of Jesso being Mountainous and abounding with costly Furs is yet unknown only that 't is a vast and wild Country full of Savage People cloathed with Skins of wild Beasts who can give no account further than they dwell Of the ISLES in the Indian Sea. SUch is the Infinity of these Isles that 't is impossible to give a just account of them I shall therefore only mention the most considerable And first of the Maldives The Maldives and Ceylon Ilands by Robt. Morden Of the Islands of the MALDIVES THE Maldives Islands situate under the Equinoctial Line derive their Name from the principal City called Male and Dive which signifies an Island They are reckoned to be about 12000 but that is supposed to be only by taking a certain Number for an uncertain They are dispersed from the North-West to the South-East into 13 Provinces which the Inhabitants call Attollons every one of which is fenc'd with a Bank of Sand but some of them are only Sand-hills or Rocks being all of them very little for Male the chief is but a League about They are divided by Arms of the Sea and environ'd with Rocks which renders the Access to them very difficult There are some Ports or Openings one opposite to another so plac'd that they give an Entrance into the four Attollons for the benefit of Trade otherwise the Currents would carry the Vessels above 7 or 800 Leagues beyond The Currents run six Months to the East and six to the West somtimes more somtimes less But the Sea being shallow the Winds outrageous and few Commodities to be had these Islands are not frequented by the Europeans The King of Maldives is called Rascan his Kingdom never is governed by the Female Sex and for his Revenue it consists in the misfortunes of others that is to say Wrecks at Sea. So that there is no trusting to the Maldives Pilots who will cast away a Ship on purpose that their King may have the Spoil On the other side the King himself uses to caress the Masters of Ships and to invite them to his Island to the end that dying of the Distemper of the Island which carries off Strangers in a short time he may be Heir to their Goods The Natives are little Olive coloured and Mahumetans They are subject to violent Fevers and Sickness by reason of the excessive heat They shave with cold Water catch Fish swimming and will dive to the bottom of the Sea to find a convenient place where to cast their Anchors They will fetch up out of the Sea with an incredible easiness an 100000 weight by the help of a Cable and some pieces of their Candon Wood. Their Coco's are very profitable to them for of those they make Wine Honey Sugar Milk and Butter They eat Almonds instead of Bread with all sorts of Food They put every Trade into a particular Island and to preserve their Wares from Vermin they build their Storehouses upon Piles in the Sea about an 100 paces from their Isles A Description of ZEILON alias CEYLON the Nangieris of Ptol. A New Map of CEYLON by Rob Morden THE Hollander is now Master of all the Sea-Coast the Inland Country is under the King of Candy and is divided into several Parts or Provinces which lie upon Hills fruitful and well-watered and are called in general Conde Uda This Inland Country of Conde Uda is strongly fortified by Nature the Entrances being up vast and high Mountains and the Ways so very narrow that but one Man can go a-breast and these Paths also are barricado'd up with Gates of Thorns and two or three Men to watch and examin all that come or go Candy or Conde by the Europeans Hingodagul-neure by the Inhabitants is the Chief or Metropolis of the whole Island bravely situated in the midst of it for all Conveniences but of late much decayed South of Candy 12 Miles distant lies Nellemby-neur where the King kept his Court when he left Candy Alent-neur is the place where the King was born and his Magazin for Corn and Salt. Badoula was burnt down in the time of War by the Portugals Digligy-neur is the place where the King now keeps his Court since the Rebellion Ann. 1664. its Situation is very Rocky and Mountainous being a place for Safety and Security Anurodgbarro is one of the ruinous Cities where they say 90 Kings have reigned distant from Candy 90 Miles Northwards Leawava affords Salt in abundance the Easterly Winds beating in the Sea and in the Westerly Wind which makes fair Weather it becomes Salt. Rece is the chiefest Flower of their Corn which is of several sorts some will be ripe in seven Months others in six five four and three but all requires water to grow in Their Seed-time is about July and August their Harvest about February Of Fruits there are great plenty and variety viz. the Betel Nut whose Leaves are 5 or 6 Foot long and have other lesser Leaves growing out of the sides of them some of these Nuts will make People drunk and giddy-headed and purge if eaten green There are also Jacks which are as big as a Peck-Loaf the out-side prickly like a Hedgehog and of a greenish colour the Seeds or Kernels do much resemble Chesnuts in colour and taste The Jombo is like an Apple full of Juice and pleasant to the Palat 't is white and delicately coloured with red as if painted There are also Murro's like Cherries sweet to the taste Dongs like Black Cherries Ambeloes like to Barbaries Carolla Cabella Cabela Paradigye like our Pears Here are also Coker-Nuts Plantines and Banara's of divers sorts sweet and sowre Oranges Limes Partaurings in taste like our Lemmons but much bigger Mangoes of several sorts Pine-Apples Sugar-Canes Water-Melons Pomgranats Grapes black and white Mirablins Codiews and several other There is also the Tallipot-Tree which bears no kind of Fruit until the last year of its life and then it comes out full of yellow Blossoms which smell very strong which come to a Fruit round and hard as big as our Cherries but not good to eat but the Leaf of

Spanish Fleet and carried it into Holland A Prize esteemed worth more than seven Millions of Crowns yet very ill recompensed for his service and pains Nor can I forget the memorable Story of one of the Caciques of the Island who addressing himself unto Columbus advised him to use his fortune with moderation and to remember that the Souls of Men had two journies when they leave this World The one soul and dark for the injurious and cruel the other delightful and pleasant for the peaceable and just INSULA IAMAICAE By Robt. Morden IT is situated South of Cuba and West of Hispaniola in the Torrid Zone in eighteen Degrees of Northern Latitude yet the heat is so qualified with the fresh Easterly breezes that constantly blow all day refreshed with frequent Showers and such Dews which fall in the Night that it may be truly called temperate its Air healthful its Soil rich and fertile plentiful of all things necessary The Land well stocked with Cattle the Woods well stored with Fowl and its Rivers with Fish From East to West along the midst of the Island runs a continual ridge of lofty Mountains which are full of fresh Springs whence flow the many Rivers that so plentifully water the Island There is scarce any sensible increase or decrease of the Days or Nights throughout the year and the Winter Months are only known by a little more Rain and Thunder This Island produces many excellent Commodities viz. Sugars so good that they out-sells those of Barbadoes Indice Cotton which is excellent fine Tobacco Hides Copper Tortoises in great abundance whose Meat is excellent to eat and their Shells much esteemed for several curious Works Several sorts of Woods for Dyers as Fustick Redwood a kind of Logwood also Cedar Molthogency Brassiletto Lignum Vitae Ebony Granadilla with many other sweet smelling and curious Woods There is also Ginger Salt in great abundance Salt-Peter Jamaica Pepper very Aromatical and of so curious a Gust that it hath the mixt taste of divers Spices Drugs in great abundance Guiacum China Roots Sasaparilla Vinills Cassia-Fistula Tamarindes Achiots or Anetto with many other Drugs Balsoms and Gums as also Co●haneil especially Cocao of which Chocalate is made In this Island is great abundance of Cattle viz. Cows Sheep Goats and Hogs it having good Pastures and Grass always green and springing the Trees and Plants never dis-robed of their Summer Liveries In their Rivers are very excellent Fish viz. Tortoise Snappers Crabs Lobsters Tarbums Macquerels Mullets Cavallo's Parrat Fish Cony Fish Green Turtles Excellent Fruits all the year long Oranges Pomegranates Citrons Lemmons Cocar Nuts Limes Guauars Mammes Alumee-Supotas Cashues prickle-Apples prickle-Pears Grapes Sower-Sops Custard-Apples Dildows Plantines Pines Macows Indian-Figs Bonames M●lons c. There is great plenty of Hens Turkies Ducks Teal Wigeon Geese Pigeons Turtle Doves Guiny Hens Plovers Flemmings Snipes Parrats with great variety of small Birds There likewise grow very well all manner of Summer Garden Herbs and Roots common to us in England viz. Letuce Parsley Rosemary Lavender Marjoram Savory Time Sage Purslane c. For Roots Pease Beans Cabbages Colly Flowers Turnips Potatoes Onions and Radishes Upon the Island are few hurtful Beasts or Insects only the Muskettoes and Merrywings a sort of stinging Flies which are troublesome in some part of the Isle And the Aligator which is a very vexatious Creature but its fat is a Sovereign Ointment for any internal Ach or Pain in the Joynts or Bones Its Diseases are Dropsies occasioned often by ill Diet Drunkenness and Sloth Calentures too frequently the product of Surfeits Fevers and Agues but with good Diet and moderate Exercise without excess of drinking the English enjoy a competent measure of health The Island abounds in good Bays Ports and Harbors viz. 1. Port Royal formerly called Cagway situate on the extream end of that long point of Land which makes the Harbor exceeding commodious for Shipping and is secured by a strong Castle the Harbor is two or three Leagues cross in most places and hath every where good Anchorage and is so deep that a Ship of a thousand Tun may lay her sides to the Shore to unload and is the only place of Trade in the Isle being populous and much frequented 2. Port Morant seated on the Eastern Point a very capacious and secure Harbor where Ships do conveniently hold Water and ride safe from the Winds where is also a potent Colony setled 3. Point Negrel in the West very good and secure to windward 4. Port Antonio in the North a very safe and Land-locked Harbor being wholly taken up by the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Carslile once Governor of the Island and now called Port St. George About twelve Miles from Port Royal within the Land in a Plain by a River is seated St. Jago once a place of great account when the Spaniards were Masters of the Isle now the Residence of the Governor and the chief Courts of Judicature are held there and therefore likely to arrive to a greater spendor than before Its Inhabitants live in great pleasure where they have their Havana in which the richer sort recreate themselves every Evening in their Coaches or on Horseback as the Gentry do here in Hide-Park About the middle way between St. Jago and Port Royal and on the Mouth of the River is seated Passage a small Town built for the conveniency of passage to Port Royal from St. Jago where is also a Fort raised to secure the same In a word the great encouragement of gaining riches with a pleasant life doth invite every year abundance of people to inhabit there so that in a short time it is likely to become the most potent and richest Colony in the West Indies Besides the number of Inhabitants which are reckoned to be about forty or fifty thousand there belong to the Island about three thousand lusty stout fighting Men called Privatiers or Bucca●iers whose Courage hath been sufficiently evidenced in their late exploit and attempt against the Spaniards at Panama As concerning the Laws by which they are governed they are assimilated as near as can be to those of England having their several Courts Magistrates and Officers for the executing of Justice on criminal Offenders and the hearing and determining of Causes betwixt Party and Party and for the better assistance of the Governor he hath his Council to consult with Borequen is little less either in Circuit or Fruitfulness than Jamaica It s chief Place is St. Jaan del Puerto Rico which communicates its name to the whole Island the Residence of a Bishop and Governour The Island is traversed by a Chain of Mountains which cuts it from West to East Here is found a white Scum which they use instead of Pitch to chalk their Ships and instead of Tallow to make Candles and for want of other Medicaments for Wounds and Sores These four Islands are the greatest and chiefest of the Antilles Of the CARIBBE Islands THE