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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
end_n	island_n	mile_n	west_n	1,403	5	10.1002	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33311	A geographicall description of all the countries in the known vvorld as also of the greatest and famousest cities and fabricks which have been, or are now remaining : together with the greatest rivers, the strangest fountains, the various minerals, stones, trees ... which are to be found in every country : unto which is added, a description of the rarest beasts, fowls ... which are least known amongst us / collected out of the most approved authors ... by Sa. Clarke ...	Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.; Gaywood, Richard, fl. 1650-1680.	1657 (1657)	Wing C4516; ESTC R36024	224,473	240

the English under the conduct of Charles Earle of Nottingham Robert Earle of Essex and Sir Walter Rawleigh at which time they burnt the Spanish Indian fleet consisting of forty ships whose lading was worth eight millions of Crowns They overthrew also the Spanish fleet consisting of fifty seven men of war they took two great Gallions with their luggage they spoiled and carryed away abundance of warlike amunition they slew and took prisoners four thousand foot and six hundred horse whence one made this Distich Alcides yeelds to Devereux hee did see Thy beauties Cales but Devereux conquer'd thee The British Islands discribed England is bounded on the East with the German on the West with the Irish on the South with the Brittish Oceans and on the North with the River Tweed and a line drawn from it to Solwal VVestward Formerly the Northern limit was a wall crosse the Island from Carlile in Cumberland to the River Tine It was built by Severus as a fortresse against the Picts at every miles end was a Castle between every Castle many Watch-Towers and through the walls of every Tower and Castle went a pipe of brasse which from one Garrison to another conveyed the least noise without interruption so that the intelligence of an invading enemy was quickly made known to all the borders VVhen the wall failed the strong Townes of Berwick and Carlile were the chief bars against invasion It s in length three hundred and twenty miles concerning our commodities they are thus reckoned up England is stored with Mountains Bridges Wooll With Churches Rivers Women beautiful The Bridges are in number eight hundred fifty and seven The Rivers are three hundred twenty and five the chief is Thames which ebbs and flowes twice a day more than threescore miles The banks of it are so adorned with fair Towns and Princely Palaces that a Dutch Poet made verses of them thus Englished Wee saw so many VVoods and Princely Bowers Sweet Fields brave Palaces and stately Towers So many Gardens drest with curious care That Thames with royal Tiber may compare The second River is Severne whose head is in Plinlimmon hill in Mountgomry-shire and ends seven miles short of Bristol washing in the mean space the walls of Shrewsbury VVorcester and Gloucester The third Trent so called from thirty kindes of fish found in it It s fountain is in Stafford-shire and passing through the Counties of Nottingham Lincoln Lecester and York it meets with Humber the most violent River in all England The fourth Humber made up of the Rivers Dun Are VVarfe You re Darwent and principally Ouze and Trent The fifth Medway a Kentish River famous for harbouring the Royal Navy at Chatham The sixth Tweed the North East bound of England on whose Northern bank stands the strong Town of Berwick The seventh Tine famous for Newcastle and her inexhaustible Coale-pits These with the rest are thus set forth by Draiton the Poet. Our Floods Queen Thames for ships and Swans is crowned And stately Severn for her shore is praised The Christal Trent for foords and fish renown'd And Avons fame to Albions cliffs is raised Carlegion Chester vaunts her holy Dee York many wonders of her Ouse can tell The Peak her Dove whose banks so fertil bee And Kent will say her Medway doth excel Cotswol commends her Isis to the Tame Our Northen borders boast of Tweeds fair flood Our VVestern parts extol their VVillies fame And the old Lea brags of th' Danish blood Our women are the most beautiful in the world without the help of any adulterate Sophistications In a compleat woman say the Italians should bee the parts of a Dutch woman from the girdle downward the parts of a French woman from the girdle to the shoulders over which must bee placed an English face And as their persons so their priviledges are greater here than in any other Nation they being not so servilely submiss as the French nor so jealously guarded as the Italians hence England is called the Purgatory of servants the hell of horses and the Paradise of women And the Italians commonly say that if there were a bridge built over the narrow Seas all the women of Europe would runne into England For here they have the upper hand in the streets and at the Table the thirds of their husbands estates their equal shares in lands priviledges wherewith women in other countrys are not acquainted The wooll of England is excellent fine especially that of Cotswold in Glocester shire of Lemster in Hereford shire and in the I le of Wight Of it are made excellent broad-cloaths which are dispersed all over the World bringing in much money into the Realm and setting on work so many poor people And the giving of some Cotswold sheep by King Edward the fourth to Henry King of Castile Anno Christi 1465. is counted one of the greatest prejudices that ever hapned to this Nation The wooll transported hath brought into us no lesse than one million and five hundred thousand pound yearly and our Lead half as much Wee have more Parks in England than in all Europe besides Lately we had Chases thirty Forrests fifty five Parks seven hundred forty and five replenished with abundance of Game Our Mines are of Tin Lead and Coals Beer wee have plenty which being transported into France the Lowcountries and Germany is amongst them highly esteemed We have so many well-tuned bells that Forreigners have called it The Ringing Island Our Air is very temperate No seas in Europe yeild more plenty of fish Our Oisters were famous amongst the old Romans Our Herrings yeild great profit to the Netherlanders Our Nobility have not such unlimited power as in other Nations Our commonalty live in far greater reputation than they do in other Countries and have more civility in them Our Ministry is learned and religious and have a more practical and powerful manner of Preaching than in any other Nation Their printed works are so famous that many young Schollers of other Nations come over on purpose to learn our language that they may bee able to make use of our Books they are also the best provided for of any Ministers in the reformed Churches The Diet of England is for the most part flesh In London alone there are slain and uttered no fewer than sixty seven thousand and five hundred beefes and six hundred seventy five thousand sheep besides Calves Lambs Swine and Poultry in a year I beleeve now farre more The Spanish Gondamor when hee was here having often seen our Shambles said that there was more flesh here eaten in a month than in all Spain in a year A Forreigner comming to London and seeing such multitudes of people in the streets wondred where there could bee meat to fill so many bellies but when hee had seen our Shambles and markets hee wondred where there could bee bellies to eat so much meat Our Navy is called the walls of England the like ships for service are not to

part thereof and another lay his ear to the other which is a good way off he may easily hear every sillable The City of Oxford Described Where the River Cherwel meets with Isis and pleasant Ilets lye dispersed by the sundry disseverings of waters there this famous City and University of Oxford sheweth it self aloft in a champion plain from whence Religion and learning have been spread into all the parts of England A fair and goodly City it is whether wee respect the seemly beauty of private houses or the stately magnificence of publick buildings together with the wholsome situation and pleasant prospect thereof For the hills beset with woods do so environ the plain that as on the one side they exclude the pestilent Southwind and the tempestuous West-wind on the other so they let in the clearing East-wind only and the North-East-wind with all which frees it from all corruption whence sometimes it was called Bellositum The City of Eli Described The City of Eli is situate in the middest of great and large Fens and was formerly famous for the reputed holinesse of the Nuns there residing and for a stately Monastery so rich that the Abbot thereof not long after VVilliam the Conquerors time laid up every year in his own Coffers a thousand and four hundred pounds King Henry the first made it a Bishops Sea promoting thereto one Hervey who sought by all means to advance the dignity of his Church For which end hee obtained of the King that it might bee Toll-free hee made a way also from Exing to Eli through the Fens of six miles in length and the Monks growing rich the Cathedrall Church being much decayed through age they by little and little built it and brought it to the ample statelinesse which now it hath A Lanthorn it hath at the very top thereof just over the Quire supported by eight Pillars and raised upon them right Artificially built by John Hothum the Bishop and under the Church towards the North stands St. Maries chappel a singular fine peece of work built by Simon Montacut● Bishop The City it self is not much to bee accounted of either for beauty or resort of people to it as having an unwholsome air by reason of the Fens round about it The City of Lincoln Described The City of Lincoln is large and well inhabited and frequented It stands upon the side of an hill where the River VVitham bends his course Eastward and being divided with three small channels watereth the Lower part of the City In the highest part of the City the Cathedral is erected a stately structure being built through out not only most sumptuously but with rare and singular workmanship most beautiously especially the forefront at the West end which in a sort ravisheth and allureth the eyes of all that judiciously view it very ancient this City is and hath been farre larger and more populous It hath in it fifty Parish Churches whereof at this day there remain only fifteen besides the Minster The City of Norwich in Northfolk described Norwich is situated upon the River Yare the form of it is somewhat long being from South to North a mile and an half long and in breadth about half so much drawing it self in by little and little in the Southend making in a manner a sharp point compassed it is about with strong walls beautified with many Turrets orderly placed and twelve gates only it is not walled on the East side where the River after it hath with many windings in and out watered the North part of the City having four Bridges for passage over it is a sufficient defence with his deep channel and high steep banks It flourisheth with wealth plenty of inhabitants great resort of strangers fair buildings and hath in it about thirty Parish Churches on the East side of it stands a very fair Cathedral Church near unto the Castle built upon a very high hill which was compassed about with an exceeding deep ditch In the midst of the City near the Market-place is a very fair Town-house which on Market-dayes is plentifully furnished with all things necessary for mans life The Netherlanders being driven away by the Duke d' Alva's cruelty repairing hither in great numbers brought in the making of Sayes Bayes and other stuffe to the great gain of the Citizens Anno Christi 1583. the Citizens conveyed water out of the River in pipes by an artificial instrument into the highest parts of the City The City of Coventry in Warwickshire described Coventry is a City very commodiously seated large sweet and neat fortified with very strong walls which are about three miles in compasse through which are thirteen gates for enterance most of them very stately and strongly built besides eighteen other Towers in several parts of the wall for defence A little River called Shirburn runs through the City which is beautified with many fair and goodly houses amongst which there rise up on high two Churches of rare workmanship St. Michaels and Trinity standing one hard by another with stately spire steeples of a very great height In the midst of the City is the Market-place called the Cross-cheaping and therein a Crosse or Pillar of stone of most exquisite and admirable workmanship there is also a very fair Grammer-school and a neat Library at the end of it with convenient habitations for the Master and Usher near unto it is VVel-street and therein a very large fountain that continually sends forth great plenty of excellent water The City had very large suburbs belonging to it especially in the East and West ends most whereof were broken down in our late Civil wars and a large Trench made on the outside of the walls The City of Worcester described Under the City of Worcester runs the Severn with a slow pace as admiring and wondring at the City as it passeth by and truly worthy it is of admiration whether you respect the antiquity or the beauty thereof It stands in a place rising somewhat with a gentle ascent by the Rivers side that hath a fair Bridge with a Tower over it It is well and strongly walled and the inhabitants are much inriched by the trade of cloathing It is one thousand six hundred and fifty paces about the walls through which seven Gates give entrance with five other VVatch Towers for defence there are in it divers Churches besides the Cathedral which is seated on the South side of the City and is a passing fair and stately building adorned with the Tombs and Monuments of King John Prince Arthur diverse of the Beauchamps c. The City of Lichfield in Staffordshire described Lichfield is a very ancient City known unto Bede by the name of Lichidfield i. e. the field of dead bodies by reason of a number of Christians there martyred in the bloody persecution under the Emperor Dioclesian This City is low seated of a good largenesse and fair withal divided into two parts by a shallow pool of clear water which

one hundred forty and five Villages the chief being Old haven and Keikerk It s bounded on the East with East-friezland on the West with VVest-Friezland on the South with Overyssel and on the North with the Sea These Countries are now divided between the States under an Aristocratical government and the King of Spain The States have the Dutchy of Guelders The Earldomes of Holland and Zealand and Zutphen The Lordships of Friezland Utretcht Overyssel and Groning seven in all the rest are Spanish Germany described The compass of this spacious Country is two thousand and six hundred English miles The Inhabitants are little addicted to Venus but very much to Bacchus they are of strong constitutions and much inclining to fatnesse The titles of the Fathers descend to all their Children every son of a Duke being a Duke and every Daughter a Dutchess The soil for the most part is healthful and profitable yeelding several Minerals Corn and Wine together with Linnen Quicksilver Allom c. The chief Rivers are 1. Danubius which rising out of Nigra sylva receiveth threescore navigable Rivers into it and having run a course of one thousand and five hundred miles emptieth it self at seven mouths into the Euxine Sea 2. Rhene which arising in Helvetia and running through Germany and Belgia after a course of eight hundred miles falleth into the German Ocean 3. Albis rising on the skirts of Bohemia passing by Magdenbourg Brunswick and Denmark after four hundred miles course falls into the same Sea 4. Oder arising in Silesia runs through Brandenbourg and Pomerania about three hundred miles and so falls into the Baltick Sea 5. Maenus or the Main 6. Weser The Empire of Germany is not hereditary but elective and when the Emperor is dead the Arch-Bishop of Mentz writes to the rest of the Electors to meet at Frankfurt within three months either in person or to send their Ambassadors In the vacancy the Elector Palatine is the Vicar and hee who is elected King of the Romans is declared heir The three Ecclesiastical Electors are the Arch-Bishops of Mentz Trevers and Colein the others are the King of Bohemia the Elector Palatine the Duke of Saxony and the Marquiss of Brandenburg to whom was lately added the Duke of Bavaria Being assembled at Frankfurt they make oath to chuse a fit person they are obliged to finish the choice within thirty dayes and may not go out of the Town till it bee accomplished If the voices happen to bee equal hee who hath the King of Bohemia's vote is proclaimed Emperour The three states of the Empire are 1. That of the aforesaid Electors wherein the Ecclesiasticks have the precedency The second state consists of four Arch-Bishops as Magdeburg Salsburgh Bremen and Bezanson after whom follows the great Master of the Teutonick Order and then one and thirty Bishops ten Abbots with the title of Princes and some Abbesses and lastly the Counts and Barons whereof there are many The third State is made up of the Imperial Towns which are in number threescore and five the four principall are Lubeck Metz Auspurgh and Aixe or Aquisgra●e Another Union there is for the preservation of Trade and commerce the chief Cities whereof are Lubeck Colein Brunswick and Dansick These are called Hanse-Towns The Empire is distributed into ten circles Franconia Bavaria Austria Swevia That of the upper Rheyn that of the four Electors towards the Rheyn Westphalia Saxony Low Saxony and Burgundy Come wee now in particular to the chief Provinces of Germany which are fifteen As 1. East-Friezland having on the West the River Ems on the East the Weser on the South Westphalia and on the North the Sea The chief Towns are 1. Emden 2. Ammer Dun. 3. Oldenbourg 2. Westphalia which is bounded on the East with Brunswick on the West with Belgia on the South with Hassia and on the North with the Sea The soil is fruitful the trees yeeld abundance of sweet Acorns which feed our Westphalia Bacon The Northern part is called Bremen from the chief City of that name the next parts belong to the Duke of Saxony the chief Towns whereof are 1. Clappenbourg 2. Exenberg 3. Alsdorpe c. The other part belongs to the Bishopricks of Collen Munster and Triers In that of Collen are 1. Collen the Bishops seat 2. Anderna●h 3. Lentz seated on the Rhene 4. Bonna 5. Mondenand The chief towns under the Bishop of Munster are 1. Warendorp 2. Herverden 3. Munster seated on the River Ems. Here the frantick Anabaptists seated themselves Anno Christi 1522. till they were deservedly punished and destroyed The chief Towns in the Bishoprick of Triers are 1. Bopport on the Mosel 2. Engers 3. Coblents 4. Triers on the Mosel also 3. Cleveland which Dutchy contains Cleve Gulick and Berge It joyns to Gelderland and the chief Cities are 1. Cleve 2. Calkar 3. Wesel 4. Emerick In Gulick the chief Cities are 1. Aquisgraue or Aken 2. Gulick 3. Dulken 4. Newis The chief Towns in Berge are 1. Dusseldorp 2. Hattingen 3. Arusberg 4. Alsatia which hath on the West Lorrain on the South Helvetia on the East the Rhene and on the North the Palatinate The chief Towns are 1. Strasbourg where is a Tower five hundred seventy and eight paces high It stands on the Rhene 2. Psaltburg 3. VVeisenberg On the South end of Alsatia stand Colmer Hagenaw and Selestade three fair Cities belonging to the Empire 5. Franconia which is bounded on the East with Bohemia on the West with Elsas on the North with Hassia and on the South with Swevia Bavaria and Helvetia It s divided betwixt the Palatine of Rhene the Duke of VVittenberg the Marquess of Anspach and Baden the Bishops of Mentz Bamberg VVestberg and the Emperour of which in order The Palatinate of Rhene is in length from North to South threescore and twelve miles in breadth from East to West fourscore and sixteen In which compass are some Towns of the Empire and some Lordships belonging to the Bishops of VVormes and Spires both seated on the Rhene The Palatinate hath store of fruits mettals and Rhenish Wines Hath many gallant Towns as 1. Mospotch 2. Heidelberg an University On the banks of Rhene stand 1. Bacharach whence come the best Rhenish Wines called Bachrach 2. Coub 3. Oppenheim 4. Cruitznack 5. Frankendale 6. Germensheim 7. Mainhem c. There are in this Country fourteen other walled Towns VVittenberg whereof the chief Towns are 1. Turbing an University 2. Stutguard the Dukes seat 3. Marback 4. Caustat c. Anspach the chief Towns whereof are 1. Anspach 2. Ha●lbrun 3. Plenifelt Baden a fruitful Country lying between the Rivers Rhene and Neccar The chief Towns are 1. Durlach 2. Pfortshaime 3. Baden a neat Town seated on the Rhene having hot Baths in it Mentz seated where the Main emptieth it self into the Rhene whereof the chief Towns are 1. Lanstein 2. Bing seated on the Rhene Bamberg which is a fair City seated on the Main the other chief

Whale or as others the sperme or seed of the Whale consolidated by lying in the Sea P. Pil. v. 2. p. 772. The Herb Addad is bitter and the root of it so venemous that one drop of the juice will kill a man within the space of one hour P. Pil. v. 2. p. 850. Of Palm-trees which they keep with watering and cutting every year they make Velvets Satins Taffaties Damasks Sarcenets and such like all which are spun out of the leaves cleansed and drawn into long threads P. Pil. v. 2. p. 985. Frankincense grows in Arabia and is the gumme that issueth out of trees Idem p. 1781. In Mozambique Manna is procreated of the dew of heaven falling on a certain tree on which it hardens like Sugar sticking to the wood like Rozen whence it s gathered and put into jars and is used much for purging in India Idem p. 1554. Mastick-trees grow only in the Island of Sio the trees are low shrubs with little crooked boughs and leaves In the end of August they begin their Mastick-harvest men cutting the bark of the Tree with Iron instruments out of which the Gumme distills uncessantly for almost three months together Idem p. 1812. Spunges are gathered from the sides of Rocks fifteen fathom under water about the bottom of the Streights of Gibralter the people that get them being trained up in diving from their child-hood so that they can indure to stay very long under water as if it were their habitable Element In Manica is a tree called the Resurrection-tree which for the greatest part of the year is without leaf or greenness but if one cut off a bough and put it into the water in the space of ten hours it springs and flourisheth with green leaves but draw it out of the water as soon as it is dry it remaineth as it was before Pur. Pil. v. 2. p. 1537. There is in the Island of Teneriff which is one of the Canaries a Tree as big as an Oke of a middle size the bark white like Hornbeam six or seven yards high with ragged boughs the leaf like the Bay-leaf It beareth neither fruit nor flower it stands on the side of an hill in the day its withered and drops all night a cloud hanging thereon so that it yeelds water sufficient for the whole Island wherein are eight thousand souls and about an hundred thousand Cammels Mules Goats c. The water falls from it into a pond made of brick paved with stone from whence it s conveyed into several ponds thorough the whole Island They also water therewith their Corn-ground for they have no other water in the Island except Rain-water The Pond holds twenty thousand Tun of water and is filled in one night Many of our English that have been there have attested the truth hereof Idem p. 1369. Concerning which Tree Sylvester the Poet made these verses In th' I le of Iron one of those same seven Whereto our Elders happy name have given The Savage people never drink the streams Of Wells and Rivers as in other Realms Their drink is in the air their gushing spring A weeping tree out of it self doth wring A Tree whose tender bearded root being spread In dryest sand his sweating leaf doth shed A most sweet liquor and like as the Vine Untimely cut weeps at her wound the Wine In pearled tears incessantly distills A royal stream which all their Cisterns fills Throughout the Island for all hither hie And all their vessels cannot draw it drye Aloes grows in the Island of Socotera which is nothing but Semper vivum it is so full of a Rosin-like juice that the leaves are ready to break with it which leaves they cut in small peeces and cast them into a clean pit made in the ground and paved there it lies to ferment in the heat of the Sun whereby the juice floweth forth which they put in skins and hang them up in the wind to drye whereby it hardens P. Pil. v. 1. p. 419. Indico groweth in the Moguls Country having a small leaf like that of Sena the branches are of a wooddy substance like Broom It grows not above a yard high the stalk about the bignesse of a mans thumb The seed is included in a small round Cod of an inch long This once sowed lasteth three years that of the first year makes a weighty reddish Indico that sinks in water being not yet come to its perfection that of the second year is rich very light and of a perfect Violet colour swimming on the water that of the third year is weighty blackish and the worst of the three This herb when it s cut is put into a Cistern and pressed down with stones then covered over with water where it remains till the substance of the herb is gone into the water then it s drawn forth into another Cistern and laboured with staves till it bee like Batter then they let it seeth and so scum off the water two or three times till nothing but a thick substance remains which taking forth they spread on a cloath dry it in the Sun then make it into balls dry it on the sand which causes the sandy foot That is best which is of a pure grain Violet-colour is glossie dry and light Idem p. 430. Sir James Lancaster in his East-Indy Voyage in the Isle of Sombrero found on the Sea-sands a young twig growing up to a tree and offering to pluck up the same it shrank down into the ground and when it was by strength pulled up a great Worm was the root of it and as the Tree groweth in greatnesse the Worm diminisheth This Tree plucked up the leaves and pill stripped off by that time its dryed is turned into a hard stone so that this Worm was twice transformed into different natures after a wondrous manner Of these hee brought home many P. Pil. v. 1. p. 152. About Saffron Walden in Essex there grows great store of Saffron which was first brought into England in the reign of King Edward the third This in the month of July every third year being plucked up and after twenty dayes having the root split and set again in the earth about the end● of September it putteth forth a whitish blew flower out of the midst whereof there come three chives which are gathered in the morning before Sun-rising and being plucked out of the flower are dried by a soft fire and so great is the increase that commeth thereof that out of every acre of ground there are made fourscore or an hundred pound weight of Saffron whilst it is moist which being dryed yeeld some twenty pound weight And the ground which three years together hath brought Saffron is so enriched thereby that it will bear very good Barley many years together without dung or manuring Camb. Brit. p. 453. All along the shores of the Red-sea are abundance of Palm-Trees of a very strange nature They grow in couples Male and Female both thrust