wote not whereabouts sée Marianus Scotus Wantsome Dour Rother Bilie Becke Limenus Aestus Buluerhithe Peuensete Ash. Burne Cucomarus Isis ni fallor Sturewell Plimus Soru Bimarus Arunus Burne Elin. Delus Racunus Emill Badunus forre Forten or Fordon Osterpoole Tichefield Hamelrish Southhampton Alresford Otter Stocke Bourne Ualopius Test. Eling Mineie Limen Bure Milis Auon Wilugh Nader becke Becquith brooke Chalkeburne Thrée towns decaied by changing one waie An holie conflict New Salisburie begun Sturus Cale Lidden Deuilis Iber. Blackewater This Stoure aboundeth with pike perch roch dace gudgeon and éeles Burne Poole Piddle Deuitâ—s Frome Ocus Silleie Minterne Cherne Luckford Séeke more for wilie brooke that goeth by west burie to Pole hauen Chesill Bride Nature hath set the mouth of this riuer in maner betwixt two hils so that a little cost would make an haueÌ„ there Simen Chare Buddle Axe Y are alià s Aâ—rte Sidde Seton Colie Sid. Autrie alià s Ottercie Tale. Exe. Barleie Done alià s Done stroke Woodburne Lomund or Simming Columbe Cride Forten Cliuus 〈◊〉 Teigne Crokerne Bouie Eidis Leman Aller Dart. Ashburne Buckeastlich Hartburne Awne Arme. See Hen. 7. pag. 792 793 794. Yaline Plim Plim Stoure alià s Catwater Taue or Tauie Lidde Trushell Core Thamar Arteie Kenseie Enian Liuer Sutton Low Polpir Fawie Glin. Lerinus Faw In the middle of this créeke was a cell of S. Ciret in an Islet longing sometime to Mountagew a priorie Comwhath Gallants of Foy or Fawy Austell Chare Fala S. Caie S. Feoks Milor Fala Leuine Milor Restronget S. Feoks S. Caie Trurie créeke Moran Graund pont S. Iustus S. Mawes Polwitherall Polpenrith Wike Gare. Mogun Penkestell Callous Cheilow Gilling Haile Curie Loo Simneie Lid. Bresan I le Haile Clowart Caine. Luggam S. Pirans creeke Carantocke Padstow Locus bufonis Alannus Eniam Carneseie Laine Pethrike Minner Dunmere Tredwie Boscastell Bede Lancels Ocus Tanridge Turrege Buckland Langtrée Were or Ware Taw. Bowmill Moulebraie Braie Doneham Paradine Orus The bredth of Deuonshire Cornewall Loch Durus Vacetus Williton Doddington Iuelus The seuen sisters Cade Parret Ill. Ilton Tone Chare or Care Peder Camington Brier Brier Leland writeth the first Brieuelus and the second Mellodunus or the Milton water Dulis Sowaie or Stowaie Cos. Milton Golafer Axe 2. The Chederbrooke driueth twelue miles within a quarter of a mile of his head Bane Artro Sâ—ttespill Cleueden Auon 3. Sturgion taken in Rochester water Cosham Were Westbirie vnder y e plaine neuer without a théefe or twaine Frome Nonneie Silling Swinford Swinford parteth Summerset Glocestershires in sunder Alderleie Douresleie Torworth Sauerne Brucham Clewdogh Bacho Dungum Lhoid Bigga Couine Carnon Taran Hawes Dulesse 2. Mule Lenlet Camalet Tate Lan Idlos Tanet Peuereie or Murnewie Auernie Mordant Simons becke Bederich Mele. Haberleie Terne * Sée Hen. 6. pag. 649. Roden Euerne Wenlocke or Rhe. Worfe Marbrooke Dowlesse Lempe Stoure Astleie Doure Sulwaie Tiber. Temde Clude Barfield Clun Owke Oneie Bow Warren Queneie and Strabroke Somergill Corue Ladwich Rhe. Langherne Auon 4. Swiuethus Souus Kinell Leame Stoure Arow Alne Pludor Vincâ—lus Piddle Chilus Leadon Strowd Newarne Wie mouth Guie alià s Wie Umber a fish onelie in the Wie Darnoll Elland Clardwen Ithan Dulesse Cluedoch Lamaron Hawie Yrwon Weuereie Dulasse Comarch Dulesse Dehon Edwie Machaweie Leuenni Euer Euerie Brennich Trufrin Dulesse Lug. Pinsell Kenbrooke Fromeie Loden aliás Acton Treske Gainar Garran Mona Elkon Eskill Hordwie Doure Dulesse Wormesbecke Trollie Elwie Trogie Dennie Iland in the middest of the Sauerne and likewise another litle one called Beuerage Wiske Uske Craie Sennie Camblas Brane yster Hodneie Tertarith Kinuricke Riangall Groini Cledoch vaur Fidan CledochvehaÌ„ Kebbie Geuenni Birthin Caer vske standeth on one side of Uske and Caerleon on the other but Caer vske by diuerse miles further into the land Elwie Auon Ebowith Serowie Romeneie Laie Dunelais Methcoid Pedware Laie Thawan Scilleie Barrie This Ile went fiftie yeares agone for x. pounds Come kidie Colhow Alen. Ogur Kensike Auon Neth Tauie Lochar Wandres Uendraith Uaur Uendraith Uehan Laie Barrie Aberthaw Kensan Ogur Wennie Garrow Leuennie Corug Kensig Margan Auon Neth Nethuehan Nethuaur Trangarth Meltaie Hepsaie Dulesse Cledoch Tauie Coilus Torch Ilston Lochar Amond Combwilie Morlais Lhu Burraie Dulesse Wandres Towie Trausnant Tothee Pescotter Brane Gutherijc Dulesse Morlais Modewie Cledoch Sawtheie Dulesse 2. Dulesse 3. Cothie Turche Rauelthie Gwilie Taue Dudderie Marlais Uennie Caire Carthkinnie Gow Gowen Gwair Brechnocke From Londie to Caldie thirtie miles Trewent Pennar Dugledu Cultell Gwilie Clotheie Dugledie Gwilie Gateholme I le Stockeholme I le Midland I le Gresholme S. Brides Iland A fort of dangerous rocks lieng on a row vpon the west end of Southwales called the Bishop his clerkes S. Dewie or Dauid aâ— one Saluach Portelais Alen. Portmaw Maw Pendwie Lannuehan Tredine Langunda Fischard Gwerne Gwerne Neuerne Teifie or Tine Miricke Landurch Bromis Matherne Dulas Grauelth Clethor Kerie Cheach Airon Bidder Arth. Ris alià s Wereie Istwith Redholl Salique Massalique Lerie Wie Romis Ho. Mawr Artro Farles Erke Soch Daron Edarne beck Conte Gegeine Torronnen Ogwine Auon Lannar Uehan Duegeuelth Téec Ligow Ormeshed Gele Maniton Cluedoch Elwie Fraw Linon Allo. Dée or Deua Trowerin Ruddoch Cleton Gristioneth Keriog Cluedoch Gwinrogh Alannus Beston The situation of y e monasterie of Bangor Wiuer Combrus Betleie Salop. Lée and Wuluarne Ashe Dane Bidle Whelocke Croco Piuereie Waterlesse Merseie Goite Frith Set. Tame Irwell Raeus or Rache Leland speaketh of the Corue water about Manchester but I know nothing of his course Yrke Medlocke Rache Beile Sprotton Sudleie Bradsha Walmesleie Gles Bolleiu brooke Birkin Mar. Bold Grundich Tarbocke Alt or Ast. Duglesse or Duiesse Tand or Skelinere Merton Yarrow Bagen Ribble Odder Calder Pidle Henburne Darwent Blackeburne Rodlesworth Sannocke Wire Calder 2. Plimpton Barton Brooke Skipton Coker Cowdar Lune Burdecke Breder Barrow Dent. Greteie Wennie Hinburne Rheburne Docker Kerie Sprota Ken. Winstar Winander Fosse Sparke Lew. Rawther Dodon Denocke Eske Mite Brenge Cander Dargwent Burthméere Grise Cokar Wire Elmus Croco Uanius Eden Helbecke Bellow Orne Moreton Dribecke Trowt becke Linenet Milburne Blincorne Ulse Marke Harteshop Paterdale Roden Glenkguin Loder Irding Terne Pultrose Cambocke Gillie Pedar alià s Logus Bruferth Wise after Leland Loder Aimote Dacor Deua Uala Leuen Lamford Eske Tomunt Kirsop Lidde Eske Leue. Long. Goile Heke Robinseie Forlan Tarbat Lean. Abir Arke Zefe Sell. Zord Owin Newisse Orne Lang. Drun Hew Brun. Kile Dowr Faro Nesse Herre Con. Glasse Maur. Urdall Fesse Calder Wifle Browre Clin. Twin Shin Sillan Carew Nesse Narding Spaie Downe Dée Eske Clacke Alon. Dune Kerie Cambell Cumer Tere. Man Torkesan Rosham Mussell Blene Twede Till Bromis Bobent Whitaker Warne Aile or Alne alià s Chaine Cocket Uswaie Ridlcie Yardop It may be Leland mistaketh Tickington water for one of these Lune wansbecke Font. Blithe Hartleie North Tine She le Ridde Shelop Cheslop 3. Burnes Shitlington Tine S.
this as in the most part of their historie which is to seeke great honor by lieng great renowme by prating and craking Indeed they haue doone great mischéefe in this Iland with extreme crueltie but as for any conquest the first is yet to heare of Diuers other conquests also haue béene pretended by sundrie princes sithence the conquest onelie to the end that all pristinate lawes and tenures of possession might cease and they make a new disposition of all things at their owne pleasure As one by king Edw. the 3. but it tooke none effect Another by Henrie the 4. who neuerthelesse was at the last though hardlie drawne from the challenge by William Thorington then cheefe Iustice of England The third by Henrie the 7. who had some better shew of right but yet without effect And the last of all by Q. Marie as some of the papists gaue out and also would haue had hir to haue obtained but God also staied their malices and hir challenge But beside the six afore mentioned Huntingdon the old historiographer speaketh of a seuenth likelie as he saith to come one daie out of the North which is a wind that bloweth no man to good sith nothing is to be had in those parts but hunger much cold Sée more hereof in the historie of S. Albons and aforsaid author which lieth on the left side of the librarie belonging now to Paules for I regard no prophesies as one that doubteth from what spirit they doo procéed or who should be the author of them Whether it be likelie that any giants were and whether they inhabited in this I le or not Cap. 5. BEsides these aforesaid nations which haue crept as you haue heard into our Iland we read of sundrie giants that should inhabit here Which report as it is not altogither incredible sith the posterities of diuers princes were called by the name so vnto some mens eares it séemeth so strange a rehersall that for the same onelie cause they suspect the credit of our whole historie reiect it as a fable vnworthie to be read They also condemne the like in all other histories especiallie of the North where men are naturallie of greatest stature imagining all to be but fables that is written of Starcater Hartben Angrine Aruerode c of whom Saxo Iohannes Magnus and Olaus doo make mention whose bones doo yet remaine to be seene as rare miracles in nature Of these also some in their life time were able to lift vp as they write a vessell of liquor of 1000. weight or an horsse or an oxe cast it on their shoulders wherein their verie women haue beene likewise knowne to come néere vnto them and of the race of those men some were séene of no lesse strength in the 1500. of Grace wherein Olaus liued and wrote the same of his owne experience and knowledge Of the giant of Spaine that died of late yeares by a fall vpon the Alpes as he either went or came from Rome about the purchase of a dispensation to marrie with his kinswoman a woman also of much more than common stature there be men yet liuing and may liue long for age that can saie verie much euen by their owne knowledge Wherfore it appeareth by present experience that all is not absolutelie vntrue which is remembred of men of such giants For this cause therfore I haue now taken vpon me to make this breefe discourse insuing as indeuouring therby to prooue that the opinion of giants is not altogither grounded vpon vaine and fabulous narrations inuented onelie to delight the cares of the hearers with the report of maruellous things but that there haue beene such men in déed as for their hugenesse of person haue resembled rather high towers than mortall men although their posterities are now consumed and their monstruous races vtterlie worne out of knowledge I doo not meane herein to dispute whether this name Gigas or Nephilim was giuen vnto them rather for their tyrannie and oppression of the people than for their greatnesse of bodie or large steps as Goropius would haue it for he denieth that euer men were greater than at this present or bicause their parents were not knowne for such in old time were called Terrae filij or whether the word Gigas dooth onlie signifie Indigenas or homelings borne in the land or not neither whether all men were of like quantitie in stature and farre more greater in old time than now they be and yet absolutelie I denie neither of these sith verie probable reasons may be brought for ech of them but especiallie the last rehearsed whose confirmation dependeth vpon the authorities of sundrie ancient writers who make diuers of noble race equall to the giants in strength and manhood and yet doo not giue the same name vnto them bicause their quarels were iust and commonlie taken in hand for defense of the oppressed Examples hereof we may take of Hercules and Antheus whose wrestling declareth that they were equall in stature stomach Such also was the courage of Antheus that being often ouercome and as it were vtterlie vanquished by the said Hercules yet if he did estsoones returne againe into his kingdome he foorthwith recouered his force returned and held Hercules tacke till he gat at the last betwéene him and home so cutting off the farther hope of the restitution of his armie and killing finallie his aduersarie in the field of which victorie Politian writeth thus Incaluere animis dura certare palaestra Neptuni quondà m filius atque Iouis Non certamen erant operoso ex aere lebetes Sed qui vel vitam vel ferat interitum Occidit Antaeus Ioue natum viuere fas est Estque magistra Pales Graecia non Lybia The like doo our histories report of Corineus and Gomagot peraduenture king of this I le who fought a combat hand to hand till one of them was slaine and yet for all this no man reputeth Hercules or Corineus for giants albeit that Hanuile in his Architrenion make the later to be 12. cubits in height which is full 18. foot if poeticall licence doo not take place in his report and assertion But sith I say againe it is not my purpose to stand vpon these points I passe ouer to speake any more of them And whereas also I might haue procéeded in such order that I should first set downe by manie circumstances whether any giants were then whether they were of such huge and incredible stature as the authours doo remember and finallie whether any of them haue beene in this our Iland or not I protest plainlie that my mind is not here bent to deale in any such maner but rather generallie to confirme and by sufficient authoritie that there haue beene such mightie men of stature and some of them also in Britaine which I will set downe onelie by sundrie examples whereby it shall fall out that neither our Iland nor any part of the maine
of the hauen of Falamouth to the mouth of Lanie horne pill or créeke on the south side of the hauen is a mile and as I remember it goeth vp halfe a mile from the principall streame of the hauen From Lanihorne pill also is a place or point of sand about a mile waie of fortie acres or thereabout as a peninsula called Ardeuerauter As for the water or créeke that runneth into the south southeast part it is but a little thing of halfe a mile vp into the land and the créeke that hemmeth in this peninsula of both dooth seeme to be the greater From the mouth of the west creeke of this peninsula vnto saint Iustes creeke is foure miles or more In like maner from saint Iustes pill or créeke for both signifie one thing to saint Mawes creeke is a mile and a halfe and the point betwéene them both is called Pendinas The créeke of saint Mawes goeth vp a two miles by east northeast into the land and beside that it ebbeth and floweth so farre there is a mill driuen with a fresh créeke that resorteth to the same Halfe a mile from the head of this downeward to the hauen is a créeke in maner of a poole whereon is a mill also that grindeth with the tide And a mile beneath that on the south side entereth a créeke about halfe a mile into the countrie which is barred from the maine sea by a small sandie banke and another mile yet lower is an other little créekelet But how so euer these créekes doo run certeine it is that the bankes of them that belong to Fala are meruellouslie well woodded And hitherto Leland whose words I dare not alter for feare of corruption and alteration of his iudgement Being past Falmouth hauen therefore as it were a quarter of a mile beyond Arwennach maister Killegrewes place which standeth on the brimme or shore within Falmouth we came to a little hauen which ran vp betwéene two hilles but it was barred wherefore we could not learne whether it were serued with anie backe fresh water or not From thence we went by Polwitherall creeke parted into two armes then to the Polpenrith wherevnto a riueret falleth that riseth not farre from thence and so goeth to the maine streame of the hauen at the last whither the créeke resorteth about thrée miles and more from the mouth of the hauen and into which the water that goeth vnder Gare and Mogun bridges doo fall in one bottome as Leland hath reported Unto this hauen also repaireth the Penkestell the Callous the Cheilow and the Gilling although this latter lieth against saint Mawnons on the hither side hard without the hauen mouth if I haue doone aright For so motheaten mouldie rotten are those bookes of Leland which I haue and beside that his annotations are such and so confounded as no man can in a maner picke out anie sense from them by a leafe togither Wherefore I suppose that he dispersed and made his notes intricate of set purpose or else he was loth that anie man should easilie come to that knowledge by reading which he with his great charge no lesse trauell atteined vnto by experience Thus leauing Fala hauen as more troublesome for me to describe than profitable for seafaring men without good aduise to enter into we left the rocke on our left hand and came straight southwest to Helford hauen whose water commeth downe from Wréeke where is a confluence of two small rilles whereof that rill consisteth by Mawgan and Trelawarren and then it receiueth a rill on the north ripe from Constantine after whose confluence it goeth a maine vntill it come to the Ocean where the mouth is spoiled by sand comming from the tin-works See Leland in the life of S. Breaca Beneath this also is another rill comming from S. Martyrs by whose course and another ouer against it on the west side that falleth into the sea by Winniton all Menage is left almost in maner of an Iland From hence we go south to the Manacle point then southwest to Lisard and so north and by west to Predannocke points beyond which we méet with the fall of the said water that riseth in the edge of Menag and goeth into the sea by Melien on the north and Winniton on the south By north also of Winniton is the Curie water that runneth short of Magan and toucheth with the Ocean south of Pengwenian point From hence we sailed to the Loo mouth which some call Lopoole because it is narrower at the fall into the sea than it is betwéene the sea and Hailston It riseth aboue S. Sethians and comming downe by Wendron it hasteth to Hailston or Helston from whence onelie it is called Loo but betwéene Helston and the head men call it commonlie Cohor Of this riuer Leland saith thus The Lopoole is two miles in length and betwixt it and the maine Ocean is but a barre of sand that once in thrée or foure yéeres what by weight of the fresh water and working of the sea breaketh out at which time it maketh a wonderfull noise but soone after the mouth of it is barred vp againe At all other times the superfluitie of the water of Lopole which is full of trout and éele draineth out through the sandie barre into the open sea certes if this barre could alwaies be kept open it would make a goodlie hauen vp vnto Haileston towne where coinage of tin is also vsed as at Trurie and Lostwithiell for the quéenes aduantage Being passed the Loo I came to another water that descendeth without anie increase from Crowan by Simneie whose whole course is not aboue thrée miles in all Then going by the Cuddan point we entered the mounts Baie and going streight north leauing S. Michaels mount a little vpon the left hand we came to the Lid which rising short of Tewidnacke descendeth by Lidgenan and so into the sea Certes the course of these waters cannot be long sith in this verie place the breadth of land is not aboue foure miles and not more than fiue at the verie lands end There is also a rill east of Korugie and Guluall and another west of the same hard at hand and likewise the third east of Pensants and not a full quarter of a mile from the second southwest of Pensants also lieth the fourth that commeth from Sancrete ward by Newlin from whence going southwest out of the baie by Moushole I le that lieth south of Moushole towne we come to a water that entreth into the Ocean betwixt Remels Lamorleie point Trulie the one head thereof commeth from by west of Sancrete the other from by west of an hill that standeth betwéene them both and ioining aboue Remels it is not long yer they salute their grandame After this and before we come at Rosecastell there are two other créekes whereof one is called Boskennie that riseth south
writers doo report and from whence they came at the first into the aforsaid Ilands For my part I suppose with other that they came hither out of Sarmatia or Scythia for that nation hauing how alwaies an eie vnto the commodities of our countrie hath sent out manie companies to inuade and spoile the same It may be that some will gather those to be the Picts of whom Caesar saith that they stained their faces with wad and madder to the end they might appeare terrible and fearefull to their enimies and so inferre that the Picts were naturall Britans But it is one thing to staine the face onelie as the Britans did of whom Propertius saith Nunc etiam infectos demummutare Britannos And to paint the images and portrattures of beasts fish and foules ouer the whole bodie as the Picts did of whom Martial saith Barbara depictis veni Bascauda Britannis Certes the times of Samothes and Albion haue some likelie limitation and so we may gather of the comming in of Brute of Caesar the Saxons the Danes the Normans and finallie of the Flemmings who had the Rosse in Wales assigned vnto them 1066. after the drowning of their countrie But when first the Picts then the Scots should come ouer into our Iland as they were obscure people so the time of their arriuall is as far to me vnknowne Wherefore the resolution of this point must still remaine In tenebris This neuerthelesse is certeine that Maximus first Legate of Britaine and afterward emperour draue the Scots out of Britaine and compelled them to get habitation in Ireland the out Iles and the North part of the maine and finallie diuided their region betwéene the Britaines and the Picts He denounced warre also against the Irishmen for receiuing them into their land but they crauing the peace yéelded to subscribe that from thence-foorth they would not receiue any Scot into their dominions and so much the more for that they were pronounced enimies to the Romans and disturbers of the common peace and quietnesse of their prouinces here in England The Saxons became first acquainted with this I le by meanes of the piracie which they dailie practised vpon our coastes after they had once begun to aduenture themselues also vpon the seas thereby to seeke out more wealth than was now to be gotten in the West parts of the maine which they and their neighbours had alreadie spoiled in most lamentable and barbarous maner howbeit they neuer durst presume to inhabit in this Iland vntill they were sent for by Vortiger to serue him in his warres against the Picts and Scots after that the Romans had giuen vs ouer and lest vs wholie to our owne defense and regiment Being therefore come vnder Hengist in three bottoms or kéeles and in short time espieng the idle and negligent behauiour of the Britaines and fertilitie of our soile they were not a little inflamed to make a full conquest of such as at the first they came to aid and succour Herevpon also they fell by little and little to the winding in of greater numbers of their countrimen and neighbours with their wiues and children into this region so that within a while these new comlings began to molest the homelings and ceased not from time to time to continue their purpose vntill they had gotten possession of the whole or at the leastwise the greatest part of our countrie the Britons in the meane season being driuen either into Wales and Cornewall or altogither out of the Iland to séeke new habitations In like maner the Danes the next nation that succéeded came at the first onelie to pilfer and robbe vpon the frontiers of our Iland till that in the end being let in by the Welshmen or Britons through an earnest desire to be reuenged vpon the Saxons they no lesse plagued the one than the other their fréends than their aduersaries seeking by all meanes possible to establish themselues also in the sure possession of Britaine But such was their successe that they prospered not long in their deuise for so great was their lordlinesse crueltie and infatiable desire of riches beside their detestable abusing of chast matrons and yoong virgins whose husbands and parents were dailie inforced to become their drudges and slaues whilest they sat at home and fed like drone bées of the sweet of their trauell and labours that God I say would not suffer them to continue any while ouer vs but when he saw his time he remooued their yoke and gaue vs libertie as it were to breath vs thereby to see whether this his sharpe scourge could haue mooued vs to repentance and amendment of our lewd and sinfull liues or not But when no signe thereof appeared in our hearts he called in an other nation to vex vs I meane the Normans a people mixed with Danes and of whom it is worthilie doubted whether they were more hard and cruell to our countrimen than the Danes or more heauie and intollerable to our Iland than the Saxons or the Romans This nation came out of Newstria the people thereof were called Normans by the French bicause the Danes which subdued that region came out of the North parts of the world neuerthelesse I suppose that the ancient word Newstria is corrupted from West-rijc bicause that if you marke the situation it lieth opposite from Austria or Ost-rijc which is called the East region as Newstria is the Weast for Rijc in the old Scithian toong dooth signifie a region or kingdome as in Franc-rijc or Franc-reich Westsaxon-reich Ost saxon-reich Su-rijc Angel-rijc c is else to be séene But howsoeuer this falleth out these Normans or Danish French were dedlie aduersaries to the English Saxons first by meane of a quarell that grew betwéene them in the daies of Edward the Confessour at such time as the Earle of Bullen and William Duke of Normandie arriued in this land to visit him their freends such Normans I meane as came ouer with him and Emma his mother before him in the time of Canutus and Ethelred For the first footing that euer the French did set in this Iland sithence the time of Ethelbert Sigebert was with Emma which Ladie brought ouer a traine of French Gentlemen and Ladies with hir into England After hir also no small numbers of attendants came in with Edward the Confessour whome he preferred to the greatest offices in the realme in so much that one Robert a Norman became Archbishop of Canturburie whose preferment so much enhanced the minds of the French on the one side as their lordlie and outragious demeanour kindled the stomachs of the English nobilitie against them on the other insomuch that not long before the death of Emma the kings mother and vpon occasion of the brall hapning at Douer whereof I haue made sufficient mention in my Chronologie not regarding the report of the French authors in this behalfe who write altogither in the fauour of their Archbishop
Robert but following the authoritie of an English préest then liuing in the court the English Peeres began to shew their disliking in manifest maner Neuerthelesse the Normans so bewitched the king with their lieng and bosting Robert the Archbishop being the chéefe instrument of their practise that he beléeued them and therevpon vexed sundrie of the nobilitie amongst whom Earle Goodwijn of Kent was the chéefe a noble Gentleman and father in law to king Edward by the mariage of his daughter The matter also came to such issue against him that he was exiled and fiue of his sonnes with him wherevpon he goeth ouer the sea and soone after returning with his said sonnes they inuaded the land in sundrie places the father himselfe comming to London where when the kings power was readie to ioine with him in battell it vtterlie refused so to doo affirming plainelie that it should be méere follie for one Englishman to fight against another in the reuenge of Frenchmens quarels which answer entred so déeplie into the kings mind that he was contented to haue the matter heard and appointing commissioners for that purpose they concluded at the vpshot that all the French should depart out of England by a day few excepted whom the king should appoint and nominate By this means therfore Robert the Archbishop of secret counsell with the king was first exiled as principall abuser seducer of the king who goeth to Rome there complaineth to the Pope of his iniurie receiued by the English Howbeit as he returned home againe with no small hope of the readeption of his See he died in Normandie whereby he saued a killing Certes he was the first that euer tendered complaint out of England vnto Rome with him went William Bishop of London afterward reuoked and Vlfo of Lincolne who hardlie escaped the furie of the English nobilitie Some also went into Scotland and there held themselues expecting a better time And this is the true historie of the originall cause of the conquest of England by the French for after they were well beaten at Douer bicause of their insolent demeanour there shewed their harts neuer ceased to boile with a desire of reuenge that brake out into a flame so soone as their Robert possessed the primacie which being once obteined and to set his mischéefe intended abroch withall a contention was quicklie procured about certeine Kentish lands and controuersie kindled whether he or the Earle should haue most right vnto them The king held with the priest as with the church the nobilitie with the Earle In processe also of this businesse the Archbishop accused the Earle of high treason burdening him with the slaughter of Alfred the kings brother which was altogither false as appeareth by a treatise yet extant of that matter written by a chaplaine to king Edward the Confessour in the hands of Iohn Stow my verie fréend wherein he saith thus Alfredus incautè agens in aduentu suo in Angliam a Danis circumuentus occiditur He addeth moreouer that giuing out as he came through the countrie accompanied with his few proud Normans how his meaning was to recouer his right vnto the kingdome and supposing that all men would haue yéelded vnto him he fell into their hands whome Harald then king did send to apprehend him vpon the fame onelie of this report brought vnto his eares So that to be short after the king had made his pacification with the Earle the French I say were exiled the Quéene restored to his fauour whom he at the beginning of this broile had imprisoned at Wilton allowing hir but one onlie maid to wait vpon hir and the land reduced to hir former quietnesse which continued vntill the death of the king After which the Normans not forgetting their old grudge remembred still their quarell that in the end turned to their conquest of this Iland After which obteined they were so cruellie bent to our vtter subuersion and ouerthrow that in the beginning it was lesse reproch to be accounted a slaue than an Englishman or a drudge in anie filthie businesse than a Britaine insomuch that euerie French page was superiour to the greatest Peere and the losse of an Englishmans life but a pastime to such of them as contended in their brauerie who should giue the greatest strokes or wounds vnto their bodies when their toiling and drudgerie could not please them or satisfie their gréedie humors Yet such was our lot in those daies by the diuine appointed order that we must needs obey such as the Lord did set ouer vs and so much the rather for that all power to resist was vtterlie taken from vs and our armes made so weake and feeble that they were not now able to remooue the importable load of the enimie from our surburdened shoulders And this onelie I saie againe bicause we refused grace offered in time and would not heare when God by his Preachers did call vs so fauourablie vnto him Oh how miserable was the estate of our countrie vnder the French and Normans wherein the Brittish and English that remained could not be called to any function in the commonwealth no not so much as to be constables and headburowes in small villages except they could bring 2. or 3. Normans for suerties to the Lords of the soile for their good behauiour in their offices Oh what numbers of all degrées of English and Brittish were made slaues and bondmen and bought and sold as oxen in open market In so much that at the first comming the French bond were set free and those that afterward became bond were of our owne countrie and nation so that few or rather none of vs remained free without some note of bondage and seruitude to the French Hereby then we perceiue how from time to time this Iland hath not onelie béene a prey but as it were a common receptacle for strangers the naturall homelings or Britons being still cut shorter and shorter as I said before till in the end they came not onelie to be driuen into a corner of this region but in time also verie like vtterlie to haue beene extinguished For had not king Edward surnamed the saint in his time after greeuous wars made vpon them 1063. wherein Harald latelie made Earle of Oxenford sonne to Goodwin Earle of Kent and after king of England was his generall permitted the remnant of their women to ioine in mariage with the Englishmen when the most part of their husbands and male children were slaine with the sword it could not haue béene otherwise chosen but their whole race must needs haue susteined the vttermost confusion and thereby the memorie of the Britons vtterlie haue perished among vs. Thus we see how England hath six times beene subiect to the reproch of conquest And wheras the Scots séeme to challenge manie famous victories also ouer vs beside gréeuous impositions tributs dishonorable compositions it shall suffice for answer that they deale in
matrone of them all Howbeit when this procéeding of the Lord could also take no place and the shéepe of his pasture would receiue no wholesome fodder it pleased his maiestie to let them run on headlong from one iniquitie to another in somuch that after the doctrine of Pelagius it receiued that of Rome also brought in by Augustine and his monkes whereby it was to be seene how they fell from the truth into heresie and from one heresie still into another till at the last they were drowned altogither in the pits of error digged vp by Antichrist wels in deed that hold no water which notwithstanding to their followers séemed to be most sound doctrine and cisterns of liuing water to such as imbraced the same This Augustine after his arriuall conuerted the Saxons in déed from paganisme but as the prouerbe saith bringing them out of Gods blessing into the warme sunne he also imbued them with no lesse hurtfull superstition than they did know before for beside the onelie name of Christ and externall contempt of their pristinate idolatrie he taught them nothing at all but rather I saie made an exchange from grosse to subtill treacherie from open to secret idolatrie from the name of pagans to the bare title of christians thinking this sufficient for their soules health and the stablishment of his monachisme of which kind of profession the holie scriptures of God can in no wise like or allow But what cared he sith he got the great fish for which he did cast his hooke and so great was the fish that he caught in déed that within the space of 1000. yeares and lesse it deuoured the fourth part more of the best soile of the Iland which was wholie bestowed vpon his monkes other religious broodes that were hatched since his time as may hereafter appéere in the booke following where I intreate of cities townes c. In the meane season what successe his monkes had at Canturburie how oft they were spoiled by enimies their houses burned by casualtie and brethren consumed with pestilence I refer me to Gotcellius Houeden Geruase and the rest of their owne historiographers And so sore did the pestilence rage among them in the time of Celnothus in whose daics the preests clerks and monkes sang their seruice togither in the quire that of I wote not how manie there remained onelie fiue aliue which was a notable token of the furie and wrath of God conceiued and executed against that malignant generation It came also to passe at the last that men vsed to praie for helpe at the said Augustines tumble although afterward Thomas Becket a newer saint did not a little deface his glorie among which king Athelstane was one whome Elnothus the abbat staied so long in the place when he came thither to praie that his soldiours waiting for his comming and supposing the monkes to haue murdered him began to giue an assault and set fire vpon the house Whilest these things were thus in hand in the south part of Albion the Meates Picts and Caledoniens which lie beyond the Scotish sea receiued also the faith by preaching of such christian elders as aduentured thither dailie who trauelled not without great successe and increase of perfect godlines in that part of the I le Certes this prosperous attempt passed all mens expectation for that these nations were in those daies reputed wild sauage and more vnfaithfull and craftie than well-minded people as the wild Irish are in my time and such were they to saie the truth in déed as neither the sugred courtesie nor sharpe swords of the Romans could mollifie or restraine from their naturall furie or bring to anie good order For this cause also in the end the Romane emperours did vtterlie cast them off as an vnprofitable brutish vntameable nation and by an huge wall herafter to be described separated that rude companie from the more mild and ciuill portion This conuersion of the north parts fell out in the sixt yeare before the warres that Seuerus had in those quarters and 170. after the death of our sauiour Iesus Christ. From thenceforth also the christian religion continued still among them by the diligent care of their pastors and bishops after the vse of the churches of the south part of this Iland till the Romane shéepheard sought them out and found the meanes to pull them vnto him in like sort with his long staffe as he had done our countriemen whereby in the end he abolished the rites of the churches of Asia there also as Augustine had done alreadie in England and in stéed of the same did furnish it vp with those of his pontificall see although there was great contention and no lesse bloodshed made amongst them before it could be brought to passe as by the histories of both nations yet extant may be séene In the time of Coelestine bishop of Rome who saâ—e in the 423. of Christ one Paladius a Grecian borne to whome Cyrill wrote his dialog De adoratione in spiritu and sometime disciple to Iohn 24. bishop of Ierusalem came ouer from Rome into Britaine there to suppresse the Pelagian heresie which not a little molested the orthodoxes of that Iland And hauing doone much good in the extinguishing of the aforsaid opinion there he went at the last also into Scotland supposing no lesse but after he had trauelled somwhat in confutation of the Pelagians in those parts he should easilie persuade that crooked nation to admit and receiue the rites of the church of Rome as he would faine haue doone before-hand in the south But as Fastidius Priscus archbishop of London and his Suffragans resisted him here so did the Scotish prelates withstand him there also in this behalfe howbeit bicause of the authoritie of his commission grauitie of personage and the great gift which he had in the veine of pleasant persuasion whereby he drew the people after him as Orpheus did the stones with his harpe and Hercules such as heard him by his toong they had him not onelie then in great admiration but their successors also from time to time and euen now are contented and the rather also for that he came from Rome to take him for their chéefe apostle reckoning from his comming as from the faith receiued which was in the 431. yeare of Christ as the truth of their historie dooth verie well confirme Thus we see what religion hath from time to time beene receiued in this Iland how and when the faith of Christ came first into our countrie Howbeit as in processe of time it was ouershadowed and corrupted with the dreames and fantasticall imaginations of man so it dailie waxed woorse woorse till that it pleased God to restore the preaching of his gospell in our daies whereby the man of sinne is now openlie reuealed and the puritie of the word once againe brought to light to the finall ouerthrow of
which should be prima as yet I do not read except it should be Anglesei and then saith Malmesburie well In like sort Propertius speaketh of a Meuania which he called Nebulosa but he meaneth it euidentlie of a little towne in Umbria where he was borne lib. 4. eleg De vrbe Rom. Wherfore there néedeth no vse of his authoritie This in the meane time is euident out of Orosius lib 1. capite 2. that Scots dwelled somtime in this I le as also in Ireland which Ethicus also affirmeth of his owne time and finallie confirmeth that the Scots and Irish were sometime one people It hath in length 24. miles and 8. in bredth and is in maner of like distance from Galloway in Scotland Ireland and Cumberland in England as Buchanan reporteth In this Iland also were some time 1300. families of which 960. were in the west halfe and the rest in the other But now through ioining house to house land to land a common plague and canker which will eat vp all if prouision be not made in time to withstand this mischéefe that number is halfe diminished and yet many of the rich inhabiters want roome and wote not how and where to bestowe themselues to their quiet contentations Certes this impediment groweth not by reason that men were greater in bodie than they haue béene in time past but onelie for that their insatiable desire of inlarging their priuate possessions increaseth still vpon them and will doo more except they be restrained but to returne to our purpose It was once spoiled by the Scots in the time of king Athelstane chéeflie by Anlafus in his flight from the bloudie battell wherein Constantine king of Scotland was ouercome secondlie by the Scots 1388. after it came to the possession of the English for in the beginning the kings of Scotland had this Iland vnder their dominion almost from their first arriuall in this Iland and as Beda saith till Edwine king of the Northumbers wan it from them and vnited it to his kingdome After the time of Edwine the Scots gat the possession thereof againe and held it till the Danes Norwaies wan it from them who also kept it but with much trouble almost 370. yeares vnder the gouernance of their viceroies whome the kings of Norwaie inuested vnto that honor till Alexander the third king of that name in Scotland recouered it from them with all the rest of those Iles that lie vpon the west coast called also Sodorenses in the daies of Magnus king of Norwaie And sithens that time the Scotish princes haue not ceased to giue lawes to such as dwelled there but also from time to time appointed such bishops as should exercise ecclesiasticall iurisdiction in the same till it was won from them by our princes and so vnited vnto the realme of England Finallie how after sundrie sales bargains and contracts of matrimonie for I read that William Scroope the kings Uicechamberleine did buy this I le and crowne thereof of the lord William Montacute earle of Sarum it came vnto the ancestours of the earles of Darbie who haue béene commonlie said to be kings of Man the discourse folowing shall more at large declare Giraldus noteth a contention betwéene the kings of England Ireland for the right of this Iland but in the end when by a comprâ—mise the triall of the matter was referred to the liues or deaths of such venemous wormes as should be brought into the same and it was found that they died not at all as the like doo in Ireland sentence passed with the king of England so he reteined the Iland But howsoeuer this matter standeth and whether anie such thing was done at all or not sure it is that the people of the said Ile were much giuen to witchcraft and sorcerie which they learned of the Scots a nation greatlie bent to that horible practise in somuch that their women would oftentimes sell wind to the mariners inclosed vnder certeine knots of thred with this iniunction that they which bought the same should for a great gale vndoo manie and for the lesse a fewer or smaller number The stature of the men and also fertilitie of this Iland are much commended and for the latter supposed verie néere to be equall with that of Anglesei in all commodities There are also these townes therein as they come now to my remembrance Rushen Dunglasse Holme towne S. Brids Bala cury the bishops house S. Mich. S. Andrew kirk Christ kirk Louel S. Mathees kirk S. Anne Pala sala kirk S. Marie kirk Concane kirk Malu and Home But of all these Rushen with the castell is the strongest It is also in recompense of the common want of wood indued with sundrie pretie waters as first of al the Burne rising in the northside of Warehill botoms and branching out by southwest of kirk S. An it séemeth to cut off a great part of the eastside thereof from the residue of that Iland From those hils also but of the south halfe commeth the Holme and Holmey by a towne of the same name in the verie mouth whereof lieth the Pile afore mentioned They haue also the Bala passing by Bala cury on the westside and the Rame on the north whose fall is named Ramesei hauen as I doo read in Chronicles There are moreouer sundrie great hils therein as that wherevpon S. Mathees standeth in the northeast part of the I le a parcell whereof commeth flat south betwéene kirk Louell and kirk Marie yéelding out of their botoms the water Bala whereof I spake before Beside these and well toward the south part of the I le I find the Warehils which are extended almost from the west coast ouertwhart vnto the Burne streame It hath also sundrie hauens as Ramsei hauen by north Laxam hauen by east Port Iris by southwest Port Home and Port Michell by west In like sort there are diuers Ilets annexed to the same as the Calfe of man on the south the Pile on the west and finallie S. Michels Ile in the gulfe called Ranoths waie in the east Moreouer the sheepe of this countrie are excéeding huge well woolled and their tailes of such greatnesse as is almost incredible In like sort their hogs are in maner monstrous They haue furthermore great store of barnacles bréeding vpon their coasts but yet not so great store as in Ireland and those as there also of old ships ores masts peeces of rotten timber as they saie and such putrified pitched stuffe as by wrecke hath happened to corrupt vpon that shore Howbeit neither the inhabitants of this I le nor yet of Ireland can readilie saie whether they be fish or flesh for although the religious there vsed to eat them as fish yet elsewhere some haue beene troubled for eating of them in times prohibited for heretikes and lollards For my part I haue béene verie desirous to vnderstand the vttermost of the bréeding of
village standing thereby the mouth whereof lieth almost directlie against Porchester castell which is situat about three miles by water from Portesmouth towne as Leland dooth report Then go we within halfe a mile further to Forten creeke which either giueth or taketh name of a village hard by After this we come to Osterpoole lake a great créeke that goeth vp by west into the land and lieth not far from a round turret of stone from whence also there goeth a chaine to another tower on the east side directlie ouer against it the like whereof is to be séene in diuerse other hauens of the west countrie wherby the entrance of great vessels into that part may be at pleasure restreined From hence we go further to Tichefeld water that riseth about Eastmaine parke ten or twelue miles by northeast or there abouts from Tichefeld From Eastmaine it goeth parting the forrests of Waltham and Eastberie by the way to Wicham or Wicombe a pretie market towne large through-fare where also the water separateth it selfe into two armelets and going vnder two bridges of wood commeth yer long againe vnto one chanell From hence it goeth three or foure miles further to a bridge of timber by maister Writhoseleies house leauing Tichfeld towne on the right side and a little beneath runneth vnder Ware bridge whither the sea floweth as hir naturall course inforceth Finallie within a mile of this bridge it goeth into the water of Hampton hauen whervnto diuerse streames resort as you shall heare hereafter After this we come to Hamble hauen or Hamelrish créeke whose fall is betwéene saint Andrewes castell and Hoke It riseth about Shidford in Waltham forrest when it is past Croke bridge it méeteth with another brooke which issueth not farre from Bishops Waltham out of sundrie springs in the high waie on Winchester from whence it passeth as I said by Bishops Waltham then to Budeleie or Botleie and then ioining with the Hamble they run togither by Prowlingsworth Upton Brusill Hamble towne and so into the sea Now come we to the hauen of Southhampton by Ptolomie called Magnus portus which I will briefelie describe so néere as I can possiblie The bredth or entrie of the mouth hereof as I take it is by estimation two miles from shore to shore At the west point therof also is a strong castell latelie builded which is rightlie named Caldshore but now Cawshot I wote not by what occasion On the east side thereof also is a place called Hoke afore mentioned or Hamell hoke wherein are not aboue thrée or foure fisher houses not worthie to be remembred This hauen shooteth vp on the west side by the space of seuen miles vntill it come to Hampton towne standing on the other side where it is by estimation a mile from land to land Thence it goeth vp further about thrée miles to Redbridge still ebbing and flowing thither and one mile further so farre as my memorie dooth serue mée Now it resteth that I describe the Alresford streame which some doo call the Arre or Arle and I will procéed withall in this order following The Alresford beginneth of diuerse faire springs about a mile or more frō Alresford or Alford as it is now called and soone after resorting to one bottome they become a broad lake which for the most part is called Alford pond Afterward returning againe to a narrow chanell it goeth through a stone bridge at the end of Alford towne leauing the towne it selfe on the lest hand toward Hicthingstocke thrée miles off but yet it commeth there it receiueth two rils in one bottome whereof one commeth from the Forrest in maner at hand and by northwest of old Alresford the other frō Browne Candiuer that goeth by Northenton Swarewotton Aberstone c vntill we méet with the said water beneath Alford towne Being past Hichinstocke it commeth by Anington to Eston village and to Woorthie where it beginneth to branch and ech arme to part it selfe into other that resort to Hide and the lower soiles by east of Winchester there seruing the stréets the close of S. Maries Wolueseie and the new college verie plentifullie with their water But in this meane while the great streame commeth from Worthie to the east bridge and so to saint Elizabeth college where it dooth also part in twaine enuironing the said house in most delectable maner After this it goeth toward S. Crosses leauing it a quarter of a mile on the right hand then to Twiford a mile lower where it gathereth againe into one bottome and goeth six miles further to Woodmill taking the Otter brooke withall on the east side and so into the salt créeke that leadeth downe to the hauen On the other side of Southhampton there resorteth into this hauen also both the Test the Stockbridge water in one bottome whereof I find this large description insuing The verie head of the Stockewater is supposed to be somewhere about Basing stoke or church Hockleie and going from thence betwéene Ouerton and Steuenton it commeth at last by Lauerstocke Whitchurch and soone after receiuing a brooke by northwest called the Bourne descending from S. Marie Bourne southeast from Horsseburne it procéedeth by Long paroch and the wood till it meet with the Cranburne on the cast side a pretie riuelet rising about Michelneie and going by Fullington Barton and to Cramburne thence to Horwell in one bottome beneath which it meeteth with the Andeuer water that is increased yer it come there by an other brooke whose name I doo not know This Andeuer streame riseth in Culhamshire forrest not far by north from Andeuer towne and going to vpper Clatford yer it touch there it receiueth the rill of which I spake before which rising also néeer vnto Anport goeth to Monketon to Abbatesham the Andeuer and both as I said vnto the Test beneath Horwell whereof I spake euen now These streames being thus brought into one bottome it runneth toward the south vnder Stockbridge and soone after diuiding it selfe in twaine one branch thereof goeth by Houghton a little beneath meeteth with a rill that commeth from bywest of S. Ans hill and goeth by east of vpper Wallop west of nether Wallop by Bucholt forrest Broughton and called as I haue béene informed the Gallop but now it is named Wallop The other arme runneth through the parke by north west of kings Somburne and vniting themselues againe they go forth by Motteshunt and then receiue the Test a pretie water rising in Clarendun parke that goeth by west Deane and east Deane so to Motteshunt and finallie to the aforesaid water which from thencefoorth is called the Test euen vnto the sea But to procéed After this confluence it taketh the gate to Kimbebridge then to Rumseie Longbridge and beneath the same receiueth a concourse of two rilles whereof the one commeth from Sherefield the other from the new Forrest and ioining in Wadeleie parke
of saint Buriens and an other somewhat longer than the first that issueth by west of the aforesaid towne wherein is to be noted that our cards made heretofore doo appoint S. Buriens to be at the very lands end of Cornewall but experience now teacheth vs that it commeth not néere the lands end by thrée miles This latter rill also is the last that I doo reade of on the south side and likewise on the west and north till we haue sailed to S. Ies baie which is full ten miles from the lands end or Bresan I le eastward rather more if you reckon to the fall of the Haile which lieth in the very middest and highest part of the baie of the same The soile also is verie hillie here as for saint Ies towne it is almost as I said a byland and yet is it well watered with sundrie rilles that come from those hilles vnto the same The Haile riseth in such maner and from so manie heads as I haue before said howbeit I will adde somewhat more vnto it for the benefit of my readers Certes the chéefe head of Haile riseth by west of Goodalfin hilles and going downe toward saint Erthes it receiueth the second and best of the other three rilles from Goodalfin towne finallie comming to saint Erthes and so vnto the maine baie it taketh in the Clowart water from Guimer south of Phelacke which hath two heads the said village standing directlie betwixt them both The Caine riseth southeast of Caineburne towne a mile and more from whence it goeth without increase by west of Gwethian and so into the sea west of Mara Darwaie From hence we coasted about the point left the baie till we came to a water that riseth of two heads from those hilles that lie by south of the same one of them also runneth by saint Uni another by Redreuth and méeting within a mile they fall into the Ocean beneath Luggam or Tuggan A mile and a halfe from this fall we come vnto another small rill and likewise two other créekes betwixt which the towne of saint Agnes standeth and likewise the fourth halfe a mile beyond the most easterlie of these whose head is almost thrée miles within the land in a towne called saint Alin. Thence going by the Manrocke and west of saint Piran in the sand we find a course of thrée miles and more from the head and hauing a forked branch the parts doo méet at west aboue saint Kibbard and so go into the sea I take this to be saint Pirans créeke for the next is Carantocke pill or créeke whose head is at Guswarth from whence it goeth vnto Trerise and soone after taking in a rill from by west it runneth into the sea coast of saint Carantakes Beyond this is another créeke that riseth aboue little saint Colan and goeth by lesse saint Columbe and east and by north hereof commeth downe one more whose head is almost south of the Nine stones going from thence to great saint Columbes it passeth by Lamberne and so into the sea S. Merous créeke is but a little one rising west of Padstow and falling in almost ouer against the Gull rocke Then turning betwéene the point and the blacke rocke we entred into Padstow hauen thrée miles lower than port Issec and a mile from port Gwin whose waters remaine next of all to be described The Alan ariseth flat east from the hauen mouth of Padstow well néere eight or nine miles about Dauidstone neere vnto which the Eniam also issueth that runneth into the Thamar Going therefore from hence it passeth to Camelford saint Aduen saint Bernard both Cornish saints and soone after receiueth a rill at northeast descending from Rowters hill Thence it goeth to Bliseland and Helham the first bridge of name that standeth vpon Alin Yer long also it taketh in one rill by south from Bodman another from saint Laurence the third by west of this and the fourth that commeth by Wethiell no one of them excéeding the course of thrée miles and all by south From hence it goeth toward Iglesaleward and there receiueth a water on the east side which commeth about two miles from saint Teath by Michelston saint Tuchoe saint Maben mo Cornish patrons and finallie south of Iglesall méeteth with the Alen that goeth from thence by S. Breaca to Woodbridge Hereabout I find that into our Alein or Alen there should fall two riuerets whereof the one is called Carneseie the other Laine and comming in the end to full notice of the matter I sée them to issue on seuerall sides beneath Woodbridge almost directlie the one against the other That which descendeth from northwest and riseth about saint Kew is named Carneseie as I heare the other that commeth in on the southwest banke hight Laine and noted by Leland to rise two miles aboue S. Esse But howsoeuer this matter standeth there are two other créekes on ech side also beneath these as Pethrike creeke and Minner créeke so called of the Cornish saints for that soile bred manie wherewith I finish the description of Alen or as some call it Dunmere and other Padstow water From Padstow hauen also they saile out full west to Waterford in Ireland There are likewise two rockes which lie in the east side of the hauen secretlie hidden at full sea as two pads in the straw whereof I thinke it taketh the name Yet I remember how I haue read that Padstow is a corrupted word for Adlestow and should signifie so much as Athelstani locus as it may well be For it is euident that they â—ad in time past sundrie charters of priuilege from Athelstane although at this present it be well stored with Irishmen But to our purpose Leland supposeth this riuer to be the same Camblan where Arthur fought his last and fatall conflict for to this daie men that doo eare the ground there doo oft plow vp bones of a large size and great store of armour or else it may be as I rather coniecture that the Romans had some field or Castra thereabout for not long since and in the remembrance of man a brasse pot full of Romane coine was found there as I haue often heard Being thus passed Padstow hauen and after we had gone three miles from hence we came to Portgwin a poore fisher towne where I find a brooke and a péere Then I came to Portissec alià s Cunilus two miles further and found there a brooke a péere and some succor for fisher boats Next of all vnto a brooke that ran from south east directlie north into the Sauerne sea and within halfe a mile of the same laie a great blacke rocke like an Iland From this water to Treuenni is about a mile where the paroch church is dedicated to saint Simphorian and in which paroch also Tintagell or Dundagie castell standeth which is a thing inerpugnable for the situation and would be
in Latine Osca whereon Caerleon standeth sometime called Chester and Ciuitas legionum bicause the Romans soiourned there as did afterward Arthur the great who also held a noble parlement in the same whereof Galfride maketh mention Lib. 7. cap. 4. affirming thereto that in those daies the maiestie thereof was such as that all the forefronts of their houses were in maner laid ouer with gold according to the Romane vsage There was in the same in like sort a famous vniuersitie wherein were 200 philosophers also two goodlie churches erected in the remembrance of Iulius and Aaron two Brittish martyrs whereby it might well be reputed for the third metropoliticall sée in Britaine But to our water whereof I read that it is furthermore one of the greatest in Southwales and huge ships might well come to the towne of Caerleon as they did in the time of the Romans if Newport bridge were not a let vnto them neuerthelesse big botes come thereto It is eight Welsh or twelue English miles from Chepstow or Strigull and of some thought to be in base Wenceland though other be of the contrarie opinion But howsoeuer the matter standeth this riuer is taken to be the bounds of Brechnockshire as Renni is middle to Wenceland Glamorganshire But to leaue these by-matters and come to the description of the water You shall vnderstand that the Uske or Wiske in Latin Osca riseth in the blacke mounteins ten miles aboue Brechnocke toward Carmardine the hill being properlie called Yminidh Duy out of which it falleth and situate in the verie confines betwéene Brechnocke and Carmardine shires from whence winding into the northeast it commeth to Trecastle and in the waie betwéene it and Capell Ridburne it taketh in the Craie brooke on the right hand before it come to Ridburne chappell Going also from thence toward Deuinocke it crosseth the Senneie on the same side which riseth aboue Capell Senneie next of all the Camblas at Aberbraine the Brane or the Bremich whose head is thrée miles from Brechnocke and running by Lanihangle it méeteth I saie with the Uske about master Awbries manor Beneath Aber Yster it receiueth the Yster which riseth northwest aboue Martyr Kinoch and commeth by Battell chappell and going from thence by Lanspithed and Newton it runneth in the end to Brechnocke where it taketh in the Hodneie or Honthie on the one side whose head is in Blaine Hodneie and comming downe from thence by Defrune chappell Lanthangle and Landiuilog it méeteth with the Uske or Brechnocke townes end which of the fall of this water was sometime called Aberhodni as I haue beene informed on the other halfe likewise it receiueth the Tertarith that riseth among the Bane hils fiue miles from Brechnocke and commeth likewise into the verie suburbs of the towne beneath Trenewith or new Troie whereby it taketh the course After these confluences the Uske procéedeth on toward Aberkinurike or the fall of a water whose head is in the roots of Menuchdennie hill and passage by Cantresse Thence it goeth by Lanhamlaghe Penkethleie castell Lansanfreid Landettie Langonider and soone after receiuing the Riangall which riseth about the hill whereon Dinas castell standeth and runneth by Lanihangle and Tretoure it passeth betwéene Laugattocke and Cerigkhowell to Langroinie and there about crosseth the Groinie brooke that descendeth from Monegather Arthur hill by Peter church as I find When the Uske is past this brooke it taketh in thrée other short rils from by south within a little distance whereof the first hight Cledoch Uaur the second Fidan and the third Cledochvehan Of these also the last falleth in néere to Lanwenarth From hence the Uske runneth to Abergeuenni towne where it méeteth with the Kebbie water from by north that riseth short of Bettus chappell aboue the towne and the Geuennie that descendeth from aboue Landilobartholl beneath not farre from Colbroke and so goeth on to Hardwijc beneath which it crosseth thrée namelesse rilles on the right hand or southwest side before it come at Lanihangle vpon Uske of whose courses I know not anie more than that they are not of anie length nor the chanell of sufficient greatnesse seuerallie to intreat of Betwéene Kemmeis and Trostreie it meeteth with such an other rill that commeth downe by Bettus Newith Thence it goeth to Caer Uske or Brenbigeie whose bridge I mene that of Uske was ouerthrowne by rage of this riuer in the six and twentith yeare of king Henrie the eight vpon saint Hughes daie after a great snow but yer it come there it receiueth the Birthin on the right hand which is a pretie water descending from two heads whereof the first is northwest of Manihilot as the other is of Lanihangle and Pentmorell Next vnto this it ioineth with the Elwie aboue Lanbadocke whose head is east of Penclase and running westwards by Penclase Lanislen Langowen and beneath Landewie taking in a brooket from Ragland castell that commeth downe thither by Ragland parke it bendeth southwest vntill it come at the Uske which crinkling towards the south and going by Lanhowell méeteth with three rilles before it come to Marthenie chappell whereof the first lieth on the right hand and the other on the left the midlemost falling into the same not farre from Lantressen as I haue béene informed From the mouth of the Romeneie to the mouth of the Taffe are two miles Certes the Taffe is the greatest riuer in all Glamorganshire called by Ptolomie Rhatostathybius as I gesse and the citie Taffe it selfe of good countenance sith it is indued with the cathedrall see of a bishop The course of the water in like maner is verie swift and bringeth off such logs and bodies of trées withall from the wooddie hilles that they doo not seldome cruth the bridge in peeces but for so much as it is made with timber it is repaired with lighter cost wheras if it were of hard stone all the countrie about would hardlie be able to amend it It riseth in Brechnockshire among the woodie hilles from two heads whereof one is in Monuchdenie the other west of that mounteine of which the first called Taffe vaure goeth by Capell lan vehan Uainor and Morlais the other by Capell Nantie and ioining at southwest beneath Morlais castle they go to Martyr Tiduill and toward Lannabor but by the waie it taketh in from northwest a brooke called Cunnon which commeth out of Brechnockshire by Abardare and afterward the Rodneie comming out of the same quarter but not out of the same shire which runneth by Estridinodoch a crotched brooke therefore diuided into Rodneie vaure Rodneie vehan that being ioined with the Taffe doth run on withall to Eglefilian castle Coch Whitchurch Landaffe Cardiffe and so into the sea not far from Pennarth point where also the Laie dooth bid him welcome vnto his chanell or streame Furthermore from Marthellie it hasteth to Kemmeis and
north called Towen Merionneth which is the mouth of the Difonnie streame a pretie riuer rising in the hilles aboue Lanihangle and west of castell Traherne receiueth the Ridrijc which commeth from Chadridrtjc hill by Tallillin castell Treherie and so into the Difonnie from southeast fetching his course by Lanegrin and so into the sea within fiue miles thereof Being past this we did cast about by the Sarnabigh point till we came to the Lingouen becke and so to the Barre which is a faire water and therefore worthie to be with diligence described yet it is not called Bar from the head but rather Moth or Derie for so are the two chiefe heads called out of which this riuer descendeth and are about six miles west of the Lin out of which the Dée hath his issue and betwéene which the Raran vaure hilles are situat and haue their being After the ioining of the two heds of this Barre as I name it from the originall it receiueth a rill from northeast called Cain another beneath the same comming from Beurose wood and so holdeth on towards the south betweene Laniltid and Kemmor abbaie till it meet a little by west of Dolgelth with the Auon vaure which comming also out of the Woodland soile taking in a rill from Gwannas hasteth northwestward by Dolgelth to ioine with the Barre and being met they receiue the Kessilgunt then the Hirgun after a course of foure to fiue miles it falleth into the sea hauing watered the verie hart inward parts of this shire From hence we crosse the Skethie which runneth by Corsogdale and Lanthwie aliàs Lanthonie then the Lambader which receiuing the Artro aboue Lambader doth fall into the sea southeast of the point and flat south of Landango which is a towne situat on the other side of the turning After this we passed by Aberho so named of the riuer Ho that falleth there into the sea and commeth thither from the Alpes or hils of Snowdonie mounteins no lesse fertile for grasse wood cattell fish and foule than the famous Alpes beyond the seas whereof all the writers doo make so honorable report From hence we sailed by Abermawr or mouth of Mawr which commeth in like sort from Snowdonie and taketh diuerse riuers with him whose names I doo not know Then vnto the Artro a brooke whose head commeth from by north east and in his course receiueth the Gedar on the north side and so holdeth on till it fall into the sea after a few windlesses which it maketh as it passeth After this we come to Traith vehan which is the fall of the Drurid a pretie riuer comming from the marches of Caernaruon-shire which passing by Festimog soone after taketh in the Cunwell then the Uelenrid and so holdeth on to Deckoin where it falleth into the said Traith For of the other two rilles that lie by south hereof and haue their issue also into the same I make but small accompt bicause their quantitie is not great Next vnto this we haue Traith mawr whereinto the Farles hath his issue a riuer proceeding from Snowdonie or the Snowdon hils descending by Bethkelerke and Lanwrothen without mixture of anie other water in all his course and passage It is parcell of the march also betwéene Merioneth and Caernaruon shires From Traith mawr we passe by the Krekith and come to another water descending from the north by Lanstidwie and after that to the Moie whose mouthes are so néere togither that no more than halfe a mile of the land dooth seeme to kéepe them in sunder Then come we vnto the Erke a pretie brooke descending from Madrtjn hils into whose mouth two other of no lesse quantitie than it selfe doo séeme to haue their confluence and whose courses doo come along from the west and northwest the most southerlie being called Girch and the other the Hellie except my memorie doo faile me Then casting about toward the south as the coast lieth we saw the Abersoch or mouth of the Soch riuer vpon our right hand in the mouth whereof or not farre by south thereof lie two Ilands of which the more northerlie is called Tudfall and the other Penrtjn as Leland did obserue I would set downe the British names of such townes and villages as these waters passe by but the writing of them for want of the language is so hard to me that I choose rather to shew their falles and risings than to corrupt their denominations in the writing and yet now and then I vse such words as our Englishmen doo giue vnto some of them but that is not often where the British name is easie to be found out and sounded After this going about by the point and leauing Gwelin Ile on the right hand we come to Daron riuer wherevpon standeth Aberdaron a quarter of a mile from the shore betwixt Aberdaron and Uortigernes vale where the compasse of the sea gathereth in a head and entereth at both ends Then come we about the point to Edarne becke a mile and more south of Newin And ten or twelue miles from hence is the Uennie brooke whose course is little aboue so manie miles and not farre from it is the Liuan a farre lesse water comming also from the east and next vnto that another wherinto the Willie by south and the Carrog by north after their coniunction doo make their common influence Hauing passed this riuer we cast about toward the north east and enter at Abermenaie ferrie into the streicts or streame called Menaie betweene Angleseie and the maine méeting first of all with the Gornaie which commeth from the Snowdonie out of the Treuennian lake and passeth by Lanunda into the sea or Menaie streame at South crocke Next of all we meet with the Saint which commeth from Lin Lanbereie passeth by Lanihangle and so falleth into the Menaie at Abersaint which is on the southwest side of Caernaruon on the other side also of the said towne is the Skeuernocke whereby it standeth betweene two riuers of which this hath his head not farre from Dinas Orueg Then come we saith Leland to Gwiniwith mirith or Horsse brooke two miles from Moilethon and it riseth at a Well so called full a mile from thence Moilethon is a bowe shot from Aberpowle from whence ferrie botes go to the Termone or Angleseie Aberpowle runneth thrée miles into the land and hath his head foure miles beyond Bangor in Meneie shore and here is a little comming in for botes bending into the Meneie Aber Gegeine commeth out of a mounteine a mile aboue and Bangor thorough which a rill called Torronnen hath his course almost a mile aboue it Aber Ogwine is two miles aboue that it riseth at Tale linne Ogwine poole fiue miles aboue Bangor in the east side of Withow Aber Auon is two miles aboue Aberogwene and it riseth in a poole called Lin man Auon thrée miles off Auon lan var Uehan
lin in Wales which in the one side beareth trowts so red as samons and in the other which is the westerlie side verie white and delicate I heare also of two welles not far from Landien which stand verie néere togither and yet are of such diuersitie of nature that the one beareth sope and is a maruellous fine water the other altogither of contrarie qualities Which is not a litle to be mused at considering I saie that they participate of one soile and rise so nigh one to another I haue notice giuen me moreouer of a stone not farre from saint Dauids which is verie great as a bed or such like thing and being raised vp a man may stirre it with his thumbe but not with his shoulder or force of his whole bodie There is a well not farre from stonie Stratford which conuerteth manie things into stone and an other in Wales which is said to double or triple the force of anie edge toole that is quenched in the same In Tegenia a parcell of Wales there is a noble well I meane in the parish of Kilken which is of maruellous nature and much like to another well at Seuill in Spaine for although it be six miles from the sea it ebbeth and floweth twise in one daie alwaies ebbing when the sea dooth vse to flow and in flowing likewise when the sea dooth vse to ebbe wherof some doo fable that this well is ladie and mistresse of the ocean Not farre from thence also is a medicinable spring called Schinant of old time but now Wenefrides well in the edges whereof dooth breed a verie odoriferous and delectable mosse wherewith the head of the smeller is maruellouslie refreshed Other welles and water-courses we haue likewise which at some times burst out into huge streames though at other seasons they run but verie softlie whereby the people gather some alteration of estate to be at hand And such a one there is at Henleie an other at Croidon such a one also in the golden dale beside Anderne in Picardie whereof the common sort imagine manie things Some of the greater sort also giue ouer to run at all in such times wherof they conceiue the like opinion And of the same nature though of no great quantitie is a pit or well at Langleie parke in Kent whereof by good hap it was my lucke to read a notable historie in an ancient chronicle that I saw of late What the foolish people dreame of the hell Kettles it is not worthie the rehearsall yet to the end the lewd opinion conceiued of them may grow into contempt I will saie thus much also of those pits There are certeine pits or rather three little pooles a mile from Darlington and a quarter of a mile distant from the These banks which the people call the Kettles of hell or the diuels Kettles as if he should séeth soules of sinfull men and women in them They adde also that the spirits haue oft beene heard to crie and yell about them with other like talke sauoring altogether of pagan infidelitie The truth is and of this opinion also was Cutbert Tunstall late bishop of Durham a man notwithstanding the basenesse of his birth being begotten by one Tunstall vpon a daughter of the house of the Commers as Leland saith of great learning and iudgement that the cole-mines in those places are kindled or if there be no coles there may a mine of some other vnctuous matter be set on fire which being here and there consumed the earth falleth in and so dooth leaue a pit Indéed the water is now and then warme as they saie and beside that it is not cléere the people suppose them to be an hundred fadam déepe The biggest of them also hath an issue into the These as experience hath confirmed For doctor Bellowes aliàs Belzis made report how a ducke marked after the fashion of the duckes of the bishoprike of Durham was put into the same betwixt Darlington and These banke and afterward séene at a bridge not farre from master Clereuar house If it were woorth the noting I would also make relation of manie wooden crosses found verie often about Halidon whereof the old inhabitants conceiued an opinion that they were fallen from heauen whereas in truth they were made and borne by king Oswald and his men in the battell wherein they preuailed sometimes against the British infidels vpon a superstitious imagination that those crosses should be their defense and shield against their aduersaries Beda calleth the place where the said field was fought Heauen field it lieth not far from the Pictish wall and the famous monasterie of Hagolstad But more of this elsewhere Neither will I speake of the little hillets séene in manie places of our Ile whereof though the vnskilfull people babble manie things yet are they nothing else but Tumuli or graues of former times as appeareth by such tooms carcasses as be daily found in the same when they be digged downe The like fond imagination haue they of a kind of lunarie which is to be found in manie places although not so well knowen by the forme vnto them as by the effect thereof because it now and then openeth the lockes hanging on the horses féet as hit vpon it where it groweth in their féeding Roger Bacon our countrieman noteth it to grow plentiouslie in Tuthill fields about London I haue heard of it to be within compasse of the parish where I dwell and doo take it for none other than the Sfera Cauallo whereof Mathiolus and the herbarists doo write albeit that it hath not béene my lucke at anie time to behold it Plinie calleth it Aethiopis and Aelianus Oppianus Kyramis and Trebius haue written manie superstitious things thereof but especiallie our Chymists who make it of farre more vertue than our smiths doo their ferne séed whereof they babble manie woonders and prate of such effects as may well be performed indéed when the ferne beareth séed which is commonly Ad calendas Graecas for before it will not be found But to procéed There is a well in Darbieshire called Tideswell so named of the word tide or to ebbe and flow whose water often séemeth to rise and fall as the sea which is fortie miles from it dooth vsuallie accustome to ebbe and flow And hereof an opinion is growen that it keepeth an ordinarie course as the sea dooth Howbeit sith diuerse are knowne to haue watched the same it may be that at sometimes it riseth but not continuallie and that it so dooth I am fullie persuaded to beléeue But euen inough of the woonders of our countrie least I doo séeme by talking longer of them woonderouslie to ouershoot my selfe and forget how much dooth rest behind of the description of my countrie As for those that are to be touched of Scotland the description of that part shall in some part remember them The Contents of the second Booke 1 Of the ancient and present estate of the church
deserued better of their successours by leauing the description thereof in a booke by it selfe sith manie particulars thereof were written to their hands that now are lost and perished Tacitus in the foureteenth booke of his historie maketh mention of it shewing that in the rebellion of the Britons the Romans there were miserablie distressed Eadeth clades saith he municipio Verolamio fuit And herevpon Nennius in his catalog of cities casteth it Cair municip as I before haue noted Ptolonie speaking of it dooth place it among the Catyeâ—chlanes but Antoâ—â—nus maketh it one end twentie Italian miles from London placing Sullomaca nine mile from thence whereby it is euident that Sullomaca stood neere to Barnet if it were not the verie same Of the old compasse of the walles of Verolamlum there is now small knowledge to be had by the ruines but of the beautie of the citie it selfe you shall partlie vnderstand by that which followeth at hand after I haue told you for your better intelligence what Municipium Romanorum is for there is great difference betweene that and Colonia Romanorum sith Colonia alio traducitur a ciuitate Roma but Municipes aliundè in ciuitatem veniunt suisque iuribus legibus viuuni moreouer their soile is not changed into the nature of the Romane but they liue in the stedfast fréendship and protection of the Romans as did somtime the Ceretes who were the first people which euer obteined that priuilege The British Verolamians therefore hauing for their noble seruice in the warres deserued great commendations at the hands of the Romans they gaue vnto them the whole fréedome of Romans whereby they were made Municipes and became more frée in truth than their Colonies could be To conclude therefore Municipium is a citie in franchised and indued with Romane priuileges without anie alteration of hir former inhabitants or priuileges whereas a Colonie is a companie sent from Rome into anie other region or prouince to possesse either a citie newlie builded or to replenish the same from whence hir former citizens haue beene expelled and driuen out Now to proceed In the time of king Edgar it fell out that one Eldred was abbat there who being desirous to inlarge that house it came into his mind to search about in the ruines of Verolamium which now was ouerthrowne by the furie of the Saxons Danes to sée if he might there come by anie curious peeces of worke wherewith to garnish his building taken in hand To be short he had no sooner begun to dig among the rubbis but he found an excéeding number of pillers péeces of antike worke thresholds doore frames and sundrie other peeces of fine masonrie for windowes and such like verie conuenient for his purpose Of these also some were of porphyrite stone some of diuerse kinds of marble touch and alabaster beside manie curious deuises of hard mettall in finding whereof he thought himselfe an happie man and his successe to be greatlie guided by S. Albane Besides these also he found sundrie pillers of brasse and sockets of latton alabaster and touch all which he laid aside by great heaps determining in the end I saie to laie the foundation of a new abbaie but God so preuented his determination that death tooke him awaie before his building was begun After him succéeded one Eadmeerus who followed the dooings of Eldred to the vttermost and therefore not onlie perused what he had left with great diligence but also caused his pioners to search yet further within the old walles of Verolamium where they not onelie found infinite other péeces of excellent workemanship but came at the last to certeine vaults vnder the ground in which stood diuers idols and not a few altars verie superstitiouslie and religiouslie adorned as the pagans left them belike in time of necessitie These images were of sundrie mettals and some of pure gold their altars likewise were richlie couered all which ornaments Edmerus tooke awaie and not onelie conuerted them to other vse in his building but also destroied an innumerable sort of other idols whose estimation consisted in their formes and substances could doo no seruice He tooke vp also sundrie curious pots iugs and cruses of stone and wood most artificiallie wrought and carued and that in such quantitie besides infinite store of fine houshold stuffe as if the whole furniture of the citie had beene brought thither of purpose to be hidden in those vaults In proceeding further he tooke vp diuerse pots of gold siluer brasse glasse and earth whereof some were filled with the ashes and bones of the gentils the mouths being turned downewards the like of which but of finer earth were found in great numbers also of late in a well at little Massingham in Norffolke of six or eight gallons a péece about the yeare 1578 and also in the time of Henrie the eight and not a few with the coines of the old Britons and Romane emperours All which vessels the said abbat brake into péeces and melting the mettall he reserued it in like sort for the garnishing of his church He found likewise in a stone wall two old bookes whereof one conteined the rites of the gentils about the sacrifices of their gods the other as they now saie the martyrdome of saint Albane both of them written in old Brittish letters which either bicause no man then liuing could read them or for that they were not woorth the keeping were both consumed to ashes sauing that a few notes were first taken out of this later concerning the death of their Albane Thus much haue I thought good to note of the former beautie of Verolamium whereof infinite other tokens haue beene found since that time and diuerse within the memorie of man of passing workemanship the like whereof hath no wher 's else béene séene in anie ruines within the compasse of this I le either for cost or quantitie of stuffe Furthermore whereas manie are not afraid to saie that the Thames came sometimes by this citie indeed it is nothing so but that the Uerlume afterward called Uere and the Mure did and dooth so still whatsoeuer Gildas talketh hereof whose books may be corrupted in that behalfe there is yet euident proofe to be confirmed by experience For albeit that the riuer be now growne to be verie small by reason of the ground about it which is higher than it was in old time yet it kéepeth in maner the old course and runneth betwéene the old citie that was and the new towne that is standing on Holmehirst crag as I beheld of late Those places also which now are medow beneath the abbaie were sometimes a great lake mere or poole through which the said riuer ran and as I read with a verie swift and violent course wheras at this present it is verie slow and of no such deapth as of ancient times it hath beene But heare what mine author saith further of the same As those aforsaid workemen digged in these ruines
and aboue fortie 656 hoies 100 but of hulkes catches fisherboats and craiers it lieth not in me to deliuer the iust account sith they are hardlie to come by Of these also there are some of the quéenes maiesties subiects that haue two or three some foure or six and as I heard of late one man whose name I suppresse for modesties sake hath bene knowne not long since to haue had sixtéene or seuentéene and emploied them wholie to the wafting in and out of our merchants whereby he hath reaped no small commoditie and gaine I might take occasion to tell of the notable and difficult voiages made into strange countries by Englishmen and of their dailie successe there but as these things are nothing incident to my purpose so I surcease to speake of them Onelie this will I ad to the end all men shall vnderstand somewhat of the great masses of treasure dailie emploied vpon our nauie how there are few of those ships of the first and second sort that being apparelled and made readie to sale are not woorth one thousand pounds or thrée thousand ducats at the least if they should presentlie be sold. What shall we thinke then of the greater but especiallie of the nauie roiall of which some one vessell is woorth two of the other as the ship wrights haue often told me It is possible that some couetous person hearing this report will either not credit it at all or suppose monie so emploied to be nothing profitable to the queenes coffers as a good husband said once when he hard there should be prouision made for armor wishing the quéenes monie to be rather laid out to some spéedier returne of gaine vnto hir grace bicause the realme saith he is in case good enough and so peraduenture he thought But if as by store of armour for the defense of the countrie he had likewise vnderstanded that the good kéeping of the sea is the safegard of our land he would haue altered his censure and soone giuen ouer his iudgement For in times past when our nation made small account of nauigation how soone did the Romans then the Saxons last of all the Danes inuade this Iland whose crueltie in the end inforced our countrumen as it were euen against their wils to prouide for ships from other places and build at home of their owne whereby their enimies were offentimes distressed But most of all were the Normans therein to be commended For in a short processe of time after the conquest of this Iland and good consider at ion had for the well kéeping of the same they supposed nothing more commodious for the defense of the countrie than the maintenance of a strong nauie which they spéedilie prouided mainteined and thereby reaped in the end their wished securitie wherewith before their times this Iland was neuer acquainted Before the comming of the Romans I doo not read that we had anie ships at all except a few made of wicker and couered with buffle hides like vnto the which there are some to be seene at this present in Scotland as I heare although there be a little I wote not well what difference betwéene them Of the same also Solinus speaketh so far as I remember neuerthelesse it may be gathered by his words how the vpper parts of them aboue the water onelie were framed of the said wickers and that the Britons did vse to fast all the whiles they went to the sea in them but whether it were doone for policie or superstition as yet I doo not read In the beginning of the Saxons regiment we had some ships also but as their number and mould was litle and nothing to the purpose so Egbert was the first prince that euer throughlie began to know this necessitie of a nauie and vse the seruice thereof in the defense of his countrie After him also other princes as Alfred Edgar Ethelred c indeuoured more and more to store themselues at the full with ships of all quantities but chieflie Edgar for he prouided a nauie of 1600 aliàs 3600 saile which he diuided into foure parts and sent them to abide vpon foure sundrie coasts of the land to keepe the same from pirats Next vnto him and worthie to be remembred is Etheldred who made a law that euerie man holding 310 hidelands should find a ship furnished to serue him in the warres Howbeit and as I said before when all their name was at the greatest it was not comparable for force and sure building to that which afterward the Normans prouided neither that of the Normans anie thing like to the same that is to be séene now in these our daies For the iourneies also of our ships you shall vnderstand that a well builded vessell will run or saile commonlie thrée hundred leagues or nine hundred miles in a wéeke or peraduenture some will go 2200 leagues in six wéekes and an halfe And suerlie if their lading be readie against they come thither there be of them that will be here at the west Indies home againe in twelue or thirteene wéekes from Colchester although the said Indies be eight hundred leagues from the cape or point of Cornewall as I haue beene informed This also I vnderstand by report of some trauellers that if anie of our vessels happen to make a voiage to Hispaniola or new Spaine called in time past Quinquezia and Haiti and lieth betwéene the north tropike and the equator after they haue once touched at the Canaries which are eight daies sailing or two hundred and fiftie leages from S. Lucas de Barameda in Spaine they will be there in thirtie or fourtie dates home againe in Cornewall in other eight wéekes which is a goodlie matter beside the safetie and quietnesse in the passage But more of this elsewhere Of faires and markets Chap. 18. THere are as I take it few great townes in England that haue not their wéekelie markets one or more granted from the prince in which all maner of prouision for houshold is to be bought and sold for ease and benefit of the countrie round about Wherby as it cōmeth to passe that no buier shall make anie great iourneie in the purueiance of his necessities so no occupier shall haue occasion to trauell far off with his commodities except it be to séeke for the highest prices which commonlie are néere vnto great cities where round and spéediest vtterance is alwaies to be had And as these haue béene in times past erected for the benefit of the realme so are they in many places too too much abused for the reliefe and ease of the buier is not so much intended in them as the benefit of the seller Neither are the magistrats for the most part as men loth to displease their neighbours for their one yeares dignitie so carefull in their offices as of right and dutie they should bée For in most of these markets neither assises of bread nor orders for goodnesse and swéetnesse of graine and
souldiers secretlie in a wood and there to remaine in couert till the morning that Brute should come foorth and giue a charge vpon the enimies wherewith Corineus should breake foorth and assaile the Galles on the backes This policie was put in practise and tooke such effect as the deuisers themselues wished for the Galles being sharplie assailed on the front by Brute and his companie were now with the sudden comming of Corineus who set vpon them behind on their backes brought into such a feare that incontinentlie they tooke them to flight whom the Troians egerlie pursued making no small slaughter of them as they did ouertake them In this battell Brute lost manie of his men and amongst other one of his nephues named Turinus after he had shewed maruellous proofe of his manhood Of him as some haue written the foresaid citie of Tours tooke the name and was called Turonium because the said Turinus was there buried Andrew Theuet affirmeth the contrarie and mainteineth that one Taurus the nephue of Haniball was the first that inclosed it about with a pale of wood as the maner of those daies was of fensing their townes in the yeare of the world 3374. and before the birth of our sauiour 197. But to our matter concerning Brute who after he had obteined so famous a victorie albeit there was good cause for him to reioise yet it sore troubled him to consider that his numbers dailie decaied and his enimies still increased and grew stronger wherevpon resting doubtfull what to doo whether to procéed against the Galles or returne to his ships to séeke the Ile that was appointed him by oracle at length he chose the surest and best way as he tooke it and as it proued For whilest greater part of his armie was yet left aliue and that the victorie remained on his side he drew to his nauie and lading his ships with excéeding great store of riches which his people had got abroad in the countrie he tooke the seas againe After a few daies sailing they landed at the hauen now called Totnesse the yeare of the world 2850 after the destruction of Troy 66 after the deliuerance of the Israelites from the captiuitie of Babylon 397 almost ended in the 18 yeare of the reigne of Tineas king of Babylon 13 of Melanthus king of Athens before the building of Rome 368 which was before the natiuitie of our Sauior Christ 1116 almost ended and before the reigne of Alexander the great 783. Brute discouereth the commodities of this Iland mightie giants withstand him Gogmagog and Corineus wrestle together at a place beside Douer he buildeth the citie of Trinouant now termed London calleth this Iland by the name of Britaine and diuideth it into three parts among his three sonnes The fourth Chapter WHEN Brute had entred this land immediatlie after his arriuall as writers doo record he searched the countrie from side to side and from end to end finding it in most places verie fertile and plentious of wood and grasse and full of pleasant springs and faire riuers As he thus trauelled to discouer the state and commodities of the Iland he was encountred by diuers strong and mightie giants whome he destroied and slue or rather subdued with all such other people as he found in the Iland which were more in number than by report of some authors it should appeare there were Among these giants as Geffrey of Monmouth writeth there was one of passing strength and great estimation named Gogmagog with whome Brute caused Corineus to wrestle at a place beside Douer where it chanced that the giant brake a rib in the side of Corineus while they stroue to claspe and the one to ouerthrow the other wherewith Corineus being sore chafed and stirred to wrath did so double his force that he got the vpper hand of the giant and cast him downe headlong from one of the rocks there not farre from Douer and so dispatched him by reason whereof the place was named long after The fall or leape of Gogmagog but afterward it was called The fall of Douer For this valiant déed and other the like seruices first and last atchiued Brute gaue vnto Corineus the whole countrie of Cornwall To be briefe after that Brute had destroied such as stood against him and brought such people vnder his subiection as he found in the I le and searched the land from the one end to the other he was desirous to build a citie that the same might be the seate roiall of his empire or kingdome Wherevpon he chose a plot of ground lieng on the north side of the riuer of Thames which by good consideration séemed to be most pleasant and conuenient for any great multitude of inhabitants aswell for holsomnesse of aire goodnesse of soile plentie of woods and commoditie of the riuer seruing as well to bring in as to carrie out all kinds of merchandize and things necessarie for the gaine store and vse of them that there should inhabit Here therefore he began to build and lay the foundation of a citie in the tenth or as other thinke in the second yeare after his arriuall which he named saith Gal. Mon. Troinouant or as Hum. Llhoyd saith Troinewith that is new Troy in remembrance of that noble citie of Troy from whence he and his people were for the greater part descended When Brutus had builded this citie and brought the Iland fullie vnder his subiection he by the aduise of his nobles commanded this Ile which before hight Albion to be called Britaine and the inhabitants Britons after his name for a perpetuall memorie that he was the first bringer of them into the land In this meane while also he had by his wife .iij. sonnes the first named Locrinus or Locrine the second Cambris or Camber and the third Albanactus or Albanact Now when the time of his death drew néere to the first he betooke the gouernment of that part of the land nowe knowne by the name of England so that the same was long after called Loegria or Logiers of the said Locrinus To the second he appointed the countrie of Wales which of him was first named Cambria diuided from Loegria by the riuer of Seuerne To his third sonne Albanact he deliuered all the north part of the I le afterward called Albania after the name of the said Albanact which portion of the said Ile lieth beyond the Humber northward Thus when Brutus had diuided the I le of Britaine as before is mentioned into 3. parts and had gouerned the same by the space of 15. yeares he died in the 24 yeare after his arriuall as Harison noteth and was buried at Troinouant or London although the place of his said buriall there be now growne out of memorie Of Locrine the eldest sonne of Brute of Albanact his yoongest sonne and his death of Madan Mempricius Ebranke Brute Greenesheeld Leill Ludhurdibras Baldud and Leir the nine rulers of
report that he builded thrée temples one to Mars at Perth in Scotland another to Mercurie at Bangor and the third to Apollo in Cornewall Of Riuallus Gurgustius Sysillius Iago and Kinimacus rulers of Britaine by succession and of the accidents coincident with their times The seuenth Chapter RIuallus the sonne of Cunedag began to reigne ouer the Britaines in the yeare of the world 3203 before the building of Rome 15 Ioathan as then being king of Iuda and Phacea king of Israel This Riuall gouerned the Iland in great welth and prosperitie In his time it rained bloud by the space of thrée daies togither after which raine ensued such an excéeding number and multitude of flies so noisome and contagious that much people died by reason thereof When he had reigned 46 yeares he died and was buried at Caerbranke now called Yorke In the time of this Riuals reigne was the citie of Rome builded after concordance of most part of writers Perdix also a wizard and a learned astrologian florished and writ his prophesies and Herene also GUrgustius the son of the before named Riuall began to gouerne the Britaines in the yeare after the creation of the world 3249 and after the first foundation of Rome 33 Ezechias reigning in Iuda This Gurgustius in the chronicle of England is called Gorbodian the sonne of Reignold he reigned 37 yeares then departing this life was buried at Caerbranke now called Yorke by his father SYsillius or after some writers Syluius the brother of Gurgustius was chosen to haue the gouernance of Britaine in the yere of the world 3287 and after the building of Rome 71 Manasses still reigning in Iuda This Sysillius in the English chronicle is named Secill He reigned 49 yeares and then died and was buried at Carbadon now called Bath IAgo or Lago the cousin of Gurgustius as next inheritor to Sysillius tooke vpon him the gouernement of Britaine in the yeare of the world 3336 and after the building of Rome 120 in whose time the citie of Ierusalem was taken by Nabuchodonozar and the king of Iuda Mathania otherwise called Zedechias being slaine This Iago or Lago died without issue when he had reigned 28 yeares and was buried at Yorke KInimacus or Kinmarus the sonne of Sysillius as some write or rather the brother of Iago began to gouerne the land of Britain in the yere of the world 3364 and after the building of Rome 148 the Iewes as then being in the third yeare of their captiuitie of Babylon This Kinimacus departed this life after he had reigned 54 yeares and was buried at Yorke Of Gorbodug and his two sonnes Ferrex and Porrex one brother killeth another the mother slaieth hir sonne and how Britaine by ciuill warres for lacke of issue legitimate to the gouernment of a monarchie became a pentarchie the end of Brutes line The eight Chapter GOrbodug the sonne of Kinimacus began his reigne ouer the Britains in the yeare after the creation of the world 3418 from the building of the citie of Rome 202 the 58 of the Iews captiuitie at Babylon This Gorbodug by most likelihood to bring histories to accord should reigne about the tearme of 62 yeares and then departing this world was buried at London leauing after him two sonnes Ferrex and Porrex or after some writers Ferreus and Porreus FErrex with Porrex his brother began iointlie to rule ouer the Britaines in the yeare of the world 3476 after the building of Rome 260 at which time the people of Rome forsooke their citie in their rebellious mood These two brethren continued for a time in good friendship and amitie till at length through couetousnesse and desire of greater dominion prouoked by flatterers they fell at variance and discord whereby Ferrex was constreined to flée into Gallia and there purchased aid of a great duke called Gunhardus or Suardus and so returned into Britaine thinking to preuaile and obteine the dominion of the whole Iland But his brother Porrex was readie to receiue him with battell after he was landed in the which battell Ferrex was slaine with the more part of his people The English chronicle saith that Porrex was he that fled into France at his returne was slaine and that Ferrex suruiued But Geffrey of Monmouth Polychronicon are of a contrarie opinion Matthew Westmonasteriensis writeth that Porrex deuising waies to kill Ferrex atchiued his purpose and slue him But whether of them so euer suruiued the mother of them was so highlie offended for the death of him that was slaine whom the most intierlie loued that setting apart all motherlie affection she found the meanes to enter the chamber 〈◊〉 him that suruiued in the night season and as he slept the with the helpe of his maidens slue him and cut him into small péeces as the writers doo affirme Such was the end of these two brethren after they had reigned by the space of foure to fiue yeares After this followed a troublous season full of cruell warre and seditious discord wherby and in the end 〈◊〉 for the space of fiftie yeares the monarchie or sole gouernement of the Iland became 〈…〉 that is it was diuided betwixt fiue kings or rulers till Dunwallon of Cornewall ouercame them all Thus the line of Brute according to the report of most writers tooke an end for after the death of the two foresaid brethren no rightfull inheritor was left aliue to succéed them in the kingdome The names of these fiue kings are found in certeine old pedegrées and although the same be much corrupted in diuers copies yet these vnder named are the most agréeable But of these fiue kings or dukes the English chronicle alloweth Cloton king of Cornewall for most rightfull heires There appeareth noâ— any 〈◊〉 certeine by report of ancient author how long this variance continue 〈◊〉 amongst the Britains 〈◊〉 but as some say it lasted for the space of 51 yeres coniectyring so much by 〈…〉 recorded in Polychron who saith 〈…〉 till the beginning of the reigne of Dunwallon Mulmucius who began to gouerne 〈◊〉 the time that Brute first entred Britaine about the space of 703 thrée yeares ¶ Here ye must note that there is difference amongst writers about the suppâ—tation and account of these yeares Insomuch that some making their reckoning after certeine writers and finding the same to varie aboue thrée C. yeares are brought into further doubt of the truth at the whole historie but whereas other haue by â—aligent search tried out the continuance of euerie gouernors reigne and reduced the same to a likelihood of some conformitie I haue thought best to follow the same leauing the credit thereof with the first authors The pentarchie 1 Rudacus 2 Clotenus 3 Pinnor 4 Staterus 5 Yewan king of Wales Cornewall Loegria Albania Northumberland The end of the second Booke THE THIRD BOOKE of the Historie of England Of Mulmucius the first king of Britaine who was crowned with