after he had rebelled against Rhese his Prince and not able to make his part good with him very rashly and inconsiderately which hee afterward repented too late sent Enion a Nobleman to whom he had affianced his daughter to procure Robert Fitz Haimon sonne to Haimon Dentatus Lord of Corboil in Normandy to come out of England and aide him against Rhese who forthwith having mustered certaine forces and taking for to associate him in his journey twelve Knights first gave Rhese Battaile and slew him and afterwards being allured with the fertility of the Country whereof before hand he made full account to be Lord turning his power upon Jestine himselfe because hee had not kept touch with Enion nor performed his promise easily thrust him out of his ancient Inheritance and shared the Country among his Companions The hard and barraine hill Country he granted to the said Enion the more fertile parts he divided betweene him and those twelve Knights whom he tearmed Peres on this condition that they should hold them in Fee and vassallage of him as their chiefe Lord to maintaine one another in common with their aides and auxiliary forces to defend every one his owne Ward in his Castle of Caerdiffe and to bee present and assist him in his Courts in the administration of Justice It shall not be amisse to put downe their names out of a little Pamphlet which Sir Edward Stradling or Sir Edward Mounsel both Knights men of ancient descent and most skilfull in Antiquity I wot not whether for it goeth abroad under both their names wrote concerning this matter And these be their names William of London or de Londres Richard Granvil Pain Turbervill Oliver Saint John Robert de Saint Quintin Roger Bekeroul William Easterling for that he was borne in Germanie whose heires are now called Stradlings Gilbert Hamfranvill Richard Siward John Fleming Peter Soore Reinald Sully The River Remnie falling from the Mountaines is the limite on the East side whereby this Country is divided from Monmouth-shire and Remnie in the British tongue signifieth to Divide Not farre from it where the River holdeth on his course through places hardly passable among the hilles in a Marish ground are to bee seene the tottering walles of Caer-philli Castle which hath beene of so huge a bignesse and such a wonderfull peece of worke beside that all men well neere say it was a garison for t of the Romans Neither will I deny it although I cannot as yet perceive by what name they called it and yet it may seeme to have beene re-edified anew considering it hath a Chappell built after the Christians manner as I was enformed by John Sanford a man singular well learned and of exact judgement who diligently tooke view of it In later ages it was the possession of the Clares Earles of Glocester descended from Fitz-Haimon aforesaid neither doe any of our Chronicles make mention thereof before king Edward the Seconds time For then after that the Spensers by underhand practises had set the King Queene and Barons at debate the Barons besieged a long time Hugh Spenser the yonger whom they called Hugolin herein and could not prevaile By this river also but the place is not certainely knowne Faustus a very good sonne as Ninnius writeth of Vortigern so bad a father built a great Place where with other holy men hee prayed daily unto God that himselfe whom his father committing most abominable incest had begotten of his owne daughter might not be punished grievously for his fathers faults also that his father might at length repent heartily and his native Country be eased from the bloudy warres of the Saxons A little beneath hath Ptolomee placed the mouth of RATOSTABIUS or RATOSTABIUS using a maimed word in stead of Traith Taff that is The sandy Trith of the River Taff. For there the said River Taff sliding downe from the Hilles runneth toward the Sea by Landaff that is The Church by Taff a small City and of small reputation situate somewhat low yet a Bishops See having within the Dioecesse 154. Parishes and adorned with a Cathedrall Church consecrated to Saint Telean Bishop of the same which Church German and Lupus French Bishops then erected when as they had suppressed the Heresie of Pelagius that was dangerously spread all Britaine over and preferred Dubricius a most holy man to bee the first Bishop there unto whom Meurioke a British Lord freely gave all the land that lyeth betweene the Rivers Taff and Elei From hence goeth Taff to Caer diff called of the Britans Caerdid a proper fine Towne as Townes goe in this Country and a very commodious Haven which the foresaid Fitz Haimon fortified with a Wall and Castle that it might bee both a seat for warre and a Court of Justice wherein beside a Band of choise soldiers those twelve Knights were bound to keepe Castle-guard Howbeit a few yeeres after Yuor Bach a British Mountainer a little man of person but of great and resolute courage marching with a Band of men by night without any stirre suddenly surprised tooke Prisoner William Earle of Glocester Fitz Haimons daughters sonne together with his wife and young sonne and detained them in hold with him untill he had made him full satisfaction for all wrongs and losses But how Robert Curthose William the Conquerours eldest sonne a man over venterous and foole hardy in warlique exploits quite put by his hope of the Crowne of England by his younger brethren and bereft of both his eyes lived untill he was an old man in this Castle you may see if you please in our Historians and understand withall that royall Parentage is never assured either of ends or safe security Scarce three miles from the mouth of Taff in the very bending in of the shore there lye aflote as it were two small but pleasant Islands separated one from another and from the maine Land with narrow in-lets of the Sea The hithermore is called Sullie of the Towne right over against it which tooke the name as it is thought of Robert Sully for it fell to his part in the division if you would not rather have him to take his name of it The farther more is named Barry of Baruch an holy man buried there who as he gave name to the place so the place gave the sirname afterwards to the Lords thereof For that noble Family of Vicounts Barries in Ireland had their originall from hence In a Rocke or cliffe heereof by the sea side saith Giraldus there appeareth a very little chincke into which if you lay your eare you shall heare a noise as it were of Smithes at worke one while the blowing of bellowes another while the striking of sledge and hammer sometime the sound of the Grindstone and iron tooles rubbing against it the hissing sparkes also of steele-gads within holes as they are beaten yea and the puffing noise of fire burning in the
are nothing grievous unto them raised out of such merchandise and commodities as are shipped to and from out of Gaule and Britannie and those be Ivory workes Bits and bridles chaines and wreathes vessels of the mettall Electrum and of glasse with other base and common wares of like sort And therefore there needes no garrison for that Iland For it would require one Legion at the least and some horsemen if tributes were to be levied from thence and the said tributes would but countervaile the charges of maintaining a garrison there for of necessity by imposing a tribute the revenewes comming by tollage and poundage and such like imposts would be lesse and if any violent course were used some perill or other must be looked for The yeare following likewise Augustus intended a second expedition into Britain because there was some variance about the Covenants but by occasion of some insurrection made in Spaine by the Cantabri and others that journey was staied Neither hath any man reason to beleeve Landinus or Servius or Philargyrus who have recorded that Augustus triumph over the Britans and that out of these verses of Maro Et duo rapta manu diverso ex hoste trophaea Bisque triumphatas utroque a littore gentes And trophees twaine caught by strong hand from divers enemies hoasts And nations twice triumphed of likewise from both the coasts Surely in regard of that surrendry of the Britans Horace wrote thus Coelo tonantem credimus Iovem Regnare Presens Divus habebitur Augustus adjectis Britannis Imperio gravibusque Persis We thought before that Iupiter in heaven above doth raigne For thundring there but now shall be on earth Augustus here Reputed God because he did to Romanes Empire gaine Both Britans and fierce Persians of whom they stood in feare Tiberius nothing transported with an inordinate desire of extending the Empire seemeth to have rested in that Counsell of Augustus For hee brought out a booke written with Augustus his owne hand wherein was contained the whole wealth and estate of the common-weale what number as well of Romane Citizens as Allies were in armes how many Navies Kingdomes and Provinces what tributes and imposts belonged to the state with a resolution annexed thereto of containing the Empire within the bounds Which advise and resolution of Augustus contented him so well as Tacitus reporteth that he would attempt nothing in Britaine nor maintaine any garrison or deputies there For whereas Tacitus reckoneth up the number of Legions and what coasts or countries they defended at that time he maketh no mention at all of Britain And yet it seemeth that the Britans entertained amity with the Romans For when as at the same time Germanicas sailed the Ocean some of his company by force of tempest driven to this Iland were by the Princes thereof sent backe againe That Caius Caesar cast in his mind to enter this Iland it is certaine but that by his shittle braine sudden repentance and wonderfull attempts against Germany it came to nothing For to the end that he might terrifie Britain and Germany over which he hovered with the fame of some mighty piece of worke he made a bridge between Baie and the Piles of Puteoli three miles and 600. paces in length But having atchieved no greater exploit than taken to his mercy Adminius the sonne of Cinobellinus King of the Britans who being by his father banished had fled over sea with a small power and traine about him he sent magnificent and glorious letters to Rome as if the whole Ile had beene yielded up into his hands warning and wishing the posts ever and anon to ride forward in their wagon directly into the market place and the Curia and in no wise to deliver the said missives unto the Consuls but in the temple of Mars and that in a frequent assembly of the Senate After this to the Ocean be marcheth as if he minded to translate the warre over into Britaine Where even upon the very shore he embattelled his souldiers himselfe tooke sea in a Galley and after he had lanched out a little way from the land returned again and then mounting up an high pulpit sate him downe gave his souldiers the signall of battell and commanded the trumpets to sound and so on a sudden charged them to gather cockles muâ—kles and other small shell fishes Having gotten these spoiles as one indeed wanting enemies spoiles for to adorne a Trophye he waxed proud as if he had conquered the Ocean and having rewarded his souldiers he brought some of those cockles and the other shell fish to Rome that there also he might shew the bootie which he had gotten In token and memoriall of this brave victory he raised an high turret out of which as from a watch-tower there might blaze all night long lights and fires for the better direction of ships at sea in their course The ruines whereof are sometimes seene at a low water in the shore of Holland and by the people there inhabiting is called Britenhuis Who also finde oftentimes stones engraven with letters of which one had these Characters C. C. P. F. which they I wote not how truly expound thus Caius Caligula Pharum Fecit that is Caius Caligula this Pharus made But of this watch-tower more at large I will write in my discourse of British Islands Afterwards the inland parts of Britaine wasted rather with Civill warres and factions than by the force of the Romans after sundry overthrowes and slaughters of both sides came at the length by little and little under the subjection of the Romans For while the States fought severally one by one they were all vanquished running so one upon anothers destruction that untill they fell to utter confusion they had not in grosse a feeling of the particular losses that each one sustained And thus farre forth also wrought ambition in them that many became false and disloiall yea and some fled from their countrey-men making choise of the Romans protection swearing alleageance unto them and practising by all meanes to subject their native countrey unto their government Among whom the principall was one Bericus who moved and perswaded Claudius the Emperour to give the attempt upon Britaine which none assaied to doe since the time of Iulius Caesar and which then was up in a broile and commotion for that the said Fugitives were not rendred againe unto them Whereupon he commanded Aulus Plautius at that time Praetor to goe with an Army into Britaine who had much adoe to withdraw the said army out of Gaule as being much discontented to make warre without the compasse of the world and therefore drawing out the time in length with many delaies But when Narcissus sent from Claudius began to mount up into the Tribunall of Plautius and to make a speech unto the host the souldiers more incensed with indignation streightwaies cried all at once Io. Saturnalia for
how By borrow'd Organs which to them belongs Alas poore Snakes base Envies Instruments Poore in your Wit and way-ward in your Will Yee little learne so hate the Ornaments Of Arte in greater Wits of lesser skill Did ye not doubt your owne defect of Wit You would all Artes should still be showne to all And let the best Wit make best use of it For Wits renowne and letters liberall Yea you would wish the Babylonian towre Were yet to build while all one tongue impart That so sole Wit might be Arts Governour Not tongues that are the Essence of no Art But were yee good and would all Good should know Who Envy this more learn'd lesse-envious man You would the frankest praise on him bestow That makes th'unlearn'd a learn'd Historian Shall English be so poore and rudely-base As not be able through meere penury To tell what French hath said with gallant grace And most tongues else of lesse facunditie God shield it should and Heav'n foresend that we Should so debase our owne deere mother-tongue That shewes our thoughts how ever high they be With higher tearmes and elâ—quence among Then let me muzzle those so dâ—gged mouthes That byte and barke at what they should defend They lies doe love that hidden would have Truthes And he is Vertues foe that 's Errors friend But kind Philêmon let thine active Muse Still mount above these base detracting spirits Looke not so low as Snakes that men abuse And highest Fame shall crowne thy lowest merits Goe forward maugre backward Envies â—rabs That still goe backe thy paines give others pleasure They play proud Miriams part thou Ionadaâ—s They skant our learnings lists thou giv'st us measure This Camdens-Britaine that on wings of Art Flies or'e the World knowne least where most it oughâ— There thy free Pen to all doth it impart And mak'st them learn'd that almost are untaughâ— For Camden whose all time out-wearing fame Sith he the learned hath so often gladded Hath by thy Pen now multipli'd his Name For now to Camdens Britaine Holland's added Then pregnant HOLLAND Britaine fertile makâ— With learnings compost till the croppe of Art Be ready for our neighbours Sithe and Rake That have lesse skill than will to take our part So shall this soile when thou art soile or sand Call Camdens-Britaine Hollands richest land The unfaired honourer of thee and thine indeavours JOHN DAVIâ—S of Hereford BRITAINE BRITAINE or BRITANNIE which also is ALBION named in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the most famous Island without comparison of the whole world severed from the continent of Europe by the interflowing of the Ocean lieth against Germanie and France triangle-wise by reason of three Promontories shooting out into divers parts to wit BELERIUM i. the Cape of S. Burien in Corwall Westward CANTIUM i. the Fore-land of Kent into the East and TARVISIUM or ORCAS i. the point of Catnesse in Scotland Northward On the West side whereas Ireland is seated VERGIVIUS i. the Westerne Ocean breaketh in From the North it hath the most vast and wide Hyperborean sea beating upon it On the East where it coasteth upon Germanie enforced sore it is with the Germane sea and Southward as it lieth opposite to France with the British Disjoyned from those neighbour-countries all about by a convenient distance every way fitted with commodious and open havens for traffique with the universall world and to the generall good as it were of mankind thrusting it selfe forward with great desire from all parts into the sea For betweene the said Fore-land of Kent and Calais in France it so advanceth it selfe and the sea is so straighted that some thinke the land there was pierced through and received the seas into it which before-time had beene excluded For the maintenance of which their conceit they alleage both Virgil in that verse of his Et penitus toto divisos orbe Britannos And Britans people quite disjoyn'd from all the world besides Because Britaine saith Servius Honoratus was in times past joyned to the maine And also Claudian who in imitation of him wrote thus Nostra deducta Britannia mundo Britaine a land which severed is from this our Roman world Cerâ—es that the outward face and fashion of this globe of Earth hath beene with the inundation of Noahs flood as also by other causes altered that some mountaines thereby increased in heighth many places higher than others setled low and became even plaines and valleys that waterie washes were dried up and drie grounds turned to be standing waters yea and that certaine Islands have beene violently broken off from the firme land carrieth some likelihood of truth But whether the same be true indeed or whether there were any Islands at all before the Deluge it is not my purpose here to argue neither take I pleasure without good advisement of Gods works to give my doome That the providence of God hath ordained divers things to one and the same end who knoweth not and verily that parcels of the earth dispersed here and there within the sea serve no lesse to adorne the world than lakes spred upon the earth and hilles raised aloft aswell Divines as Philosophers have alwaies held Livius and Fabius Rusticus have likened the forme heereof unto a long dish or two edged axe and so is it shapen indeed toward the South as saith Tacitus whereupon the fame went of the whole But Northward that huge and enorme tract of ground running beyond unto the furthermost point groweth narrow and sharpe like a wedge So large and of such exceeding greatnesse in circuit they in olde time tooke it to bee that Caesar hee who first of all the Romans discovered it wrote How he had found out another world supposing the same so great as that it seemed to containe within it the Ocean and not to be compassed about therewith and Iulius Solinus Polyhistor hath left in writing that for the largenesse thereof it deserveth Well neere the name of a second world Howbeit this age of ours hath now at length by many and sundry voyages found out in some sort the true dimension and just compasse of the whole Isle For from the point Tarvision unto the cape Belerium the reaches and crooked turnings of the sea-banks along the West considered there are reckoned much about DCCCXII miles from thence keeping the sea side as it bendeth Southward untill you come to the Fore-land of Kent CCCXX miles whence coasting by the Germane sea with crooked creeks and inlets for DCCIIII miles it reacheth to the foresaid point Tarvisium so that by this reckoning the whole Iland taketh in compasse MDCCCXXXVI miles Which measure as it commeth farre short of Plinies so is it also somewhat lesse than Caesars As for Schitinius Chius I have no reason once to name him who having in Apollonius among other wonders tolde us strange tales of fruits
inaggeratas Beda and the latter writers Stratas that is Streets Our Chronicles doubtlesse herein deceived doe hold that there were but onely foure such causeies as these of which the first was Watling-streete so called of one Vitellian I wote not what he was who had the charge thereof and indeed the Britans named Vitellian in their tongue Guetalin and Werlam-street for that it went through Verolamium which elsewhere also the people dwelling neere unto it named High dike High ridge Fortie-foot-way and Ridge-way The second they commonly call Ikemildstreet because it began in the Icenes country The third the Fosse for that as men thinke it was fensed on both sides with a ditch and the fourth Ermin-street by a German word of Mercurie whom as I am informed by Iohn obsopoeus a great learned man under the name of Ermisul that is the Columne of Mercurie the Germans our ancient progenitors worshipped Now that Mercurie had the charge of waies his name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 among the Greekes may shew sufficiently as also his Statues with foure sides called in old time Hermae which were set every where upon high waies It hath been generally thought that one Mulmutius I know not what he should be many hundred yeares before the birth of Christ made these causeys but so far am I from believing it that I dare confidently avouch the Romans by little and little founded and raised them up Whilest Agricola saith Tacitus governed Britaine severall waies were enjoyned and farre distant places by the purveyors commandement that the country should carry from the nearest standing camps or wintering places to those that were farre off and out of the way And the Britans complained as the same Tacitus writeth That the Romans wore out and consumed their bodies and hands in cleering of woods and paving the Fens with a thousand stripes reprochfull indignities And so we read in ancient records That in the daies of Honorius and Arcadius there were made in Britaine certain beaten high waies from sea to sea That this was the Romans worke Beda witnesseth The Romans inhabited saith he within the wall which as I rehearsed before Severus had made overthwart the Island toward the southerne side which the Cities Churches and street waies there made doe witnesse at this day About the making of such causeys and high waies the Romans were wont to exercise their souldiers and the common multitude lest being idle they should grow factious and affect alteration in the Sate The Romans as Isodorus writeth made Causeys in sundry places almost through the world both for the direction of journeys and also because the people should not be idle and to the making and paving of such causeys prisoners were many times condemned as may be gathered out of Suetonius in the life of Caius And there are to be seene in Spaine the Causeys called Salamantica or Argentea as also in France certaine Rode waies called Viae militares paved by the Romans to say nothing of the way Appia Pâ—mpeia Valeria and others in Italie A long these Causeys and high waies Augustus placed young men at first as posts within small distances one from another and afterward swift wagons to give notice with all speed and out of hand what was doing in every place Neere or upon these Cawsies were seated Cities and Mansions which had in them Innes furnished with all necessaries belonging to this life for travailers and way-faring persons to abide and rest in as also Mutations For so they called in that age the places where strangers as they journied did change their post-horses draught beasts or wagons He therefore that seeketh not about these Rode waies for those places which are mentioned in the Itinerarie of Antoninus shall no doubt misse the truth and wander out of the way Neither think much of your labour in this place to note that the Emperors erected at every miles end along these Cawsies certaine little pillars or Columnes with numerall Characters or Letters cut in them to signifie how many miles Whereupon Sidonius Apollinaris writeth thus Antiquus tibi nec teratur agger Cujus per spatium satis vetustis Nomen Caesareum viret columnis That ancient cawsey doe not decay Where on good old pillars along the way The Caesars name stands fresh for aie Neere also unto these high waies on both sides were Tombs and Sepulchers with Inscriptions graved upon them in memoriall of brave and noble men that the passengers by might be put in mind that as those sometimes were mortall men so themselves are now For the repairing likewise of the said cawseys as wee may see in the Code of Theodosius title de Itinere muniendo that is Of making and mending waies They all were willing upon a good and profitable devotion who could doe best and make most speed in this businesse Furthermore in our owne ancient lawes there is mention made de pace quatuor Cheminorum that is Viarâ—m sub majori judicio that is Touching the peace of the foure Rhode-waies in some higher Court. Under the raigne of Nerva the writers have discontinued the Storie of Britannie But in the time of Trajane the Britans may seem to have revolted and rebelled and evident it is out of Spartianus that subdued then they were Moreover while Adrian was Emperour Julius Severus ruled the Island and when he was called away against the Jewes who then were in an uprore the Britans could not have beene kept in their allegiance to the Romans had not Adrianus come among them in person who being then Consull the third time in the yeare of Christ 124. seemeth by the prowesse of his armie to have discomfited his enemies For I have seene in one piece of mony of his coining the stampe of an Emperour with three souldiers whom I judge to represent three Legions with this Inscription EXER BRITANNICUS and another bearing this Inscription RESTITUTOR BRITANNY This Prince reformed many things throughout the Island and was the first that built a wall between the barbarous Britans and the Romans fourescore miles in length laying the foundation thereof within the ground of huge piles or stakes and fastning them together in manner of a strong hedge or mound For which expedition of his Florus the Poet plaied upon him thus Ego nolo Caesar esse Ambulare per Britannos Scythicas pati pruinas I will in no wise Caesar be To walke along in Britanie The Scythicke frosts to feele and see Unto whom Adrianus wrote back in this wise Ego nolo Florus esse Ambulare per tabernas Latitare per popinas Culices pati rotundos And I will never Florus be To walke from shop to shop as he To lâ—rke in Tavernes secretly And there to feele the round wine fly At this time M.F. CL. PRISCVS LICINIVS was the Propraetor of Britannie and emploied in the Journey of Jurie with Hadrian as appeareth by this antique Inscription in a broken marble
of Rome and religious men was not onely in his life time most grievously troubled but also one and forty yeeres after his death his dead Corps was cruelly handled being by warrant from the Councell of Siena turned out of his grave and openly burned Neither is it to be forgotten that neere to this Towne is a spring so cold that within a short time it turneth strawes and stickes into stones From that Bensford bridge the foresaid old High way goeth on to High-crosse so called for that thereabout stood sometime a Crosse in stead of which is erected now a very high post with props and supporters thereto The neighbours there dwelling reported unto me that the two principall High-waies of England did here cut one another overthwart and that there stood a most flourishing City there named Cleycester which had a Senate of Aldermen in it and that Cleybrooke almost a mile off was part of it also that on both sides of the way there lay under the furrowes of the corne fields great foundations and ground workes of foure square stone also that peeces of Roman money were very often turned up with the Plough although above the ground as the Poet saith Etiam ipsae periere ruinae that is Even the very ruines are perished and gone These presumptions together with the distance of this place from BANNAVENTA or Wedon which agreeth just and withall the said Bridge leading hitherward called Bensford are inducements unto me to thinke verily that the station BENNONES or VENONES was heere which Antonine the Emperour placeth next beyond BANNAVENTA especially seeing that Antonine sheweth how the way divided it selfe heere into two parts which also goeth commonly currant For Northeastward where the way lieth to Lincolne the Fosse way leadeth directly to RATAE and to VERNOMETUM of which I will speake anon and toward the Northwest Watlingstreet goeth as streight into Wales by MANVESSEDUM whereof I shall write in his due place in Warwick-shire Higher yet neere the same streetside standeth Hinkley which had for Lord of it Hugh Grantmaismill a Norman high Steward or Seneschall of England during the Raignes of king William Rufus and Henry the First The said Hugh had two daughters Parnell given in marriage to Robert Blanch-mains so called of his faire white hands Earle of Leicester together with the High-Stewardship of England and Alice wedded to Roger Bigot Verily at the East end of the Church there are to be seene Trenches and Rampires yea and a Mount cast up to an eminent height which the inhabitants say was Hughes Castle Three miles hence standeth Bosworth an ancient Mercat Towne which liberty together with the Faire S. Richard Harecourt obtained for it at the hands of king Edward the First Under this towne in our great grandfathers daies the kingdome of England lay hazarded upon the chance of one battaile For Henry Earle of Richmond with a small power encountred there in pitched field king Richard the Third who had by most wicked meanes usurped the kingdome and whiles he resolved to die the more valiantly fighting for the liberty of his country with his followers and friends the more happy successe he had and so overcame and slew the Usurper and then being with joyfull acclamations proclaimed King in the very mids of slaughtered bodies round about he freed England by his happy valour from the rule of a Tyrant and by his wisdome refreshed and setled it being sore disquieted with long civill dissentions Whereupon Bernard Andreas of Tholous a Poet living in those daies in an Ode dedicated unto King Henry the Seventh as touching the Rose his Devise writ these Verses such as they are Ecce nunc omnes posuere venti Murmuris praeter Zephyrum tepentem Hic Rosas nutrit nitidósque flores Veris amoeni Behold now all the windes are laid But Zephyrus that blowes full warme The Rose and faire spring-floures in mead He keepeth fresh and doth no harme Other memorable things there are none by this Street unlesse it bee Ashby de la Zouch that lyeth a good way off a most pleasant Lordship now of the Earles of Huntingdon but belonging in times past to the noble Family De la Zouch who descended from Alan Vicount of Rohan in Little Britaine and Constantia his wife daughter to Conan le Grosse Earle of Britaine and Maude his wife the naturall daughter of Henry the First Of this house Alane De la Zouch married one of the heires of Roger Quincy Earle of Winchester and in her right came to a faire inheritance in this Country But when hee had judicially sued John Earle of Warren who chose rather to try the Title by the sword point than by point of Law he was slaine by him even in Westminster Hall in the yeere of our Lord 1269. and some yeeres after the daughters and heires of his grand sonne transferred this inheritance by their marriages into the Families of the Saint Maures of Castle Cary and the Hollands Yet their father first bestowed this Ashby upon Sir Richard Mortimer of Richards Castle his cozin whose younger issue thereupon tooke the sirname of Zouch and were Lords of Ashby But from Eudo a younger sonne of Alane who was slaine in Westminster Hall the Lords Zouch of Harringworth branched out and have beene for many Descents Barons of the Realme Afterward in processe of time Ashby came to the Hastings who built a faire large and stately house there and Sir William Hastings procured unto the Towne the liberty of a Faire in the time of King Henry the Sixth Here I may not passe over the next neighbour Cole-Overton now a seat of the Beaumontes descended from Sir Thomas Beaumont Lord of Bachevill in Normandy brother to the first Vicount This place hath a Cole prefixed for the forename which Sir Thomas as some write was hee who was slaine manfully fighting at such time as the French recovered Paris from the English in the time of King Henry the Sixth This place of the pit-coles being of the nature of hardned Bitumen which are digged up to the profit of the Lord in so great a number that they serve sufficiently for fewell to the neighbour Dwellers round about farre and neere I said before that the River Soar did cut this Shire in the middle which springing not farre from this Street and encreased with many small rils and Brookes of running water going a long Northward with a gentle streame passeth under the West and North side of the cheife Towne or City of this County which in Writers is called Lege-Cestria Leogora Legeo cester and Leicester This Towne maketh an evident faire shew both of great antiquity and good building In the yeere 680. when Sexwulph at the commandement of King Etheldred divided the kingdome of the Mercians into Bishoprickes hee placed in this an Episcopall See and was himselfe the first Bishop that sat there but a few yeeres after when the See was translated to
Vale underneath along Corve which commonly is called Corves-dale to Sir Foulque of Dinan Afterwards it belonged to the Lacies of Ireland and by a daughter fell to Sir Geffrey de Ienevile a Poictevin or as some will have it of the house of Lorain from whose heires it descended againe by a daughter to the Mortimers and from thence hereditarily to the Crowne Then the Inhabitants in processe of time built in the very bosome of the Towne and on the highest ground a very faire Church and the onely Church they have And so it beganne to be of great account and to excell other neighbour Townes adjoyning And although by King Stephen Simon Montfort and King Henry the Sixth it suffered much damage in the civill Warres yet it alwayes flourished againe and now especially ever since that King Henry the Eighth ordained the Councell of the Marches not unlike to those Parliaments in France the Lord President whereof doth for the most part keepe Courts and Terme here which a man could hardly have seene at any time without Suites whether it were for the great state and authority that it carryed or because the Welshmen are so forward and hote to goe to Law This Councell consisteth of the Lord President so many Counsellers as it shall please the Prince to appoint a Secretary an Attorney a Sollicitour and the foure Iustices of the Counties in Wales Somewhat lower upon the River Temd is seene Burford which from Theodoricke Saie and his Posterity came unto Robert Mortimer and from his posterity likewise unto Sir Geffrey Cornwaile who derived his Descent from Richard Earle of Cornwall and King of the Alemans and his Race even unto these daies hath flourished under the name of Barons of Burford but not in the dignity of Parliamentary Barons whereas it is holden as we reade in the Inquisition of the King for to finde five men for the Army of Wales and by service of a Baronie As for those that I may note thus much by the way who held an entire and whole Barony they were commonly in times past reputed Barons and as some learned in our common lawes are of opinion Baron and Barony like as Earle and Earledome Duke and Dukedome King and Kingdome were Conjugata that is Originally yoke-fellowes When Temd now is leaving Shropp-shire behinde it not farre from the bankes thereof there raise themselves up Northward certaine hils of easie ascent Cleehill they call them much commended for yeelding the best Barly in great plenty neither are they without iron mines at the descent whereof in a Village called Cleybury Hugh Mortimer built a Castle which King Henry the Second forthwith so rased because it was a noursery of sedition that scarce there remaine any tokens thereof at this day also hard by standeth Kinlet where the Blunts flourished Their name in this Tract is very great so sirnamed at first of their yellow haire the Family noble and ancient and the branches thereof farre spread Then saw we on the right hand banke of Severn Brug Morfe commonly but corruptly called Bridg-North so called of Burg or Burrbugh and Morfe a Forest adjoyning whereas before time it was named simply Burgh A Towne fortified with wals a ditch a stately Castle and the Severn which betweene the Rockes runneth downe with a great fall seated also upon a Rocke out of which the waies leading into the upper part of the Towne were wrought out Achelfleda Lady of the Mercians first built it and Robert de Belesme Earle of Shrewesbury walled it who trusting to the naturall strength of the place rebelled against King Henry the First like as afterward Roger Mortimer against King Henry the the Second but both of them with ill successe for they were both forced to yeeld and submit themselves absolutely to the Kings command At the Siege of this Castle as we reade in our Annales King Henry the Second being levelled at with an arrow had beene shot therewith quite through the body had not Sir Hubert Syncter a noble and trusty Servitour to the King interposed himselfe and to save the King received both the arrow and his deaths wound withall Before time also Sir Raulph de Pichford bare himselfe so valiantly heere that king Henry the First gave unto him the little Burgh hard by To hold by service for to finde dry wood for the great chamber of the Castle of Burgh against the comming of his Soveraigne Lord the King Willeley or Willey is not farre from hence the habitation in old time of Sir Warner De Willeley from whose Posterity by the Harleis and Peshall it came to the notable Family of Lacon advanced by marriage long since with the heire of Passelew and of late by the Possession of Sir I. Blunt of Kinlet There be in like manner other Townes and Castles heere and there in this Tract as Newcastle Hopton Castle Shipton and upon the River Corve Corvesham which Walter Clifford had by the gift of king Henry the Second also Brancroft and Holgot commonly Howgate which belonged sometime to the Manduits then to Robert Blunt Bishop of Bath and afterwards to the Lovells More higher are Wenlocke now knowne for the lime but in king Richard the Seconds time for a mine of Copper there But much more knowne in the Saxons dayes for a most ancient Nunnery where Milburga that most holy virgin lived in great devotion and was entombed the which Nunnery Earle Roger de Montgomerie repaired and replenished with Monkes In later times Sir Iohn Winell called also Wenlocke because he heere inhabited for his faithfull service to king Henry the Sixth was by him advanced to the state and honor of Baron Wenlocke and elected knight of the Garter in whose cause he manfully lost his life in the Battaile of Tewkesbury leaving no issue but from his cozin and heire generall the Lawleys of this County are lineally descended A little more West is Acton Burnell a Castle of the Burnels and after of the Lovels made famous by the Court of Parliament there held in the time of king Edward the First This Family of the Burnells was in old time of great name and antiquity very much enriched also by that Bishop aforenamed But it failed and had an end in the Raigne of Edward the Second when Mawde the heire was married unto John Lovell first and secondly to John Haudlow whose sonne Nicholas assumed to himselfe the name of Burnell from whom the Ratcliffes Earles of Sussex and others draw their pedegree Scarce a mile from hence standeth Langley seated very flat and low in a Parke full of Woods the dwelling place of the Leas which may well challenge to be ranged among the Families that are of the better worth and greater Antiquity in this Tract Next unto these is Condover a Manour sometimes of the Lovells but of late the possession of Thomas Owen
if good occasion were offered to encounter with them before they came to the Limits In this Iland the Romans when they perceived that the farther parts of Britaine lying North were cold and a rough barren soile and inhabited by the Caledonian Britans and barbarous nations in subduing whereof they were sure to take much paines and reape very small profit built at sundry times divers fore-fenses as well to bound as to defend the Province The first of these seemeth to have beene made by Iulius Agricola when he fortified with holds and garrisons that narrow space of ground that lieth betweene Edenborrough Frith and Dunbretten Frith which afterwards was eftsoones strengthened When TERMINUS the god of bounds who would not give place to Jupiter himselfe was so enforced to yeeld to Hadrian the Emperour that he withdrew the Limit of the Roman Empire in the East to the river Euphrates whether for envie to Trajans glorie under whom the Empire extended furthest or for feare he likewise withdrew the limits fourescore miles or thereabout within this Iland to the river Tine and there made the second fore-fence He saith Spartianus brought a wall on for fourescore miles in length which should divide the Barbarians and the Romans asunder raised with great stakes or piles pitched deep in the ground and fastned together in maner of a murall or military mound for defence as may be gathered out of that which followeth in Spartianus And this is that fore-fense wherewith we are now in hand for it goeth out in length Lxxx. Italian miles About which were PONS AELIUS CLASSIS AELIA COHORS AELIA ALA SABINIANA which tooke their names from Aelius Hadrianus and Sabina his wife And that Scottish Historiographer who wrote The wheele of Times writeth thus Hadrian was the first of all that made a rampier or wall of a huge and wonderfull bignesse like unto a mountaine all of turfes digged out of the ground with a ditch lying to it afront from the mouth of Tine unto the river Eske that is from the German Sea unto the Irish Ocean which Hector Boetius accordingly witnesseth in the same words Lollius Urbicus Lievtenant of Britain under the Emperour Antoninus Pius by his fortunate fights did enlarge the bounds againe as farre as to that first frontier fense that was made by Iulius Agricola and even there raised up a third fense with a wall He saith Capitolinus vanquished the Britans and having driven out the Barbarians made another wall of turfes beyond that of Hadrianus The honour of which war happily dispatched and finished in Britain Fronto as the Panegyricall Orator saith ascribed unto Antonine the Emperour and hath testified that he although sitting still at home in the very Palace of Rome had given charge and commission to another Generall for the war yet like unto the Pilot of a Galley sitting at the sterne and guiding the helme deserved the glorie of the whole voiage and expedition But that this Wall of Antoninus Pius and of his Lievtenant Lollius Urbicus was in Scotland shal be proved hereafter When the Caledonian Britans whiles Commodus was Emperor had broken through this wall Severus neglecting that farre and huge big Countrey made a fortification crosse over the Iland from Solway Frith to Tinmouth in that very place if I have any judgement where Hadrian made his wall of stakes and piles and of mine opinion is Hector Boetius Severus saith he commanded Hadrians wall to be repaired with Bulwarks of stone and Turrets placed in such convenient distance as that the sound of a trumpet though against the wind might be heard from the one unto the other And in another place Our Chronicles report that the wall begun by Hadrian was finished by Severus Also Hierom Surita a most learned Spaniard who writeth That the Fense of Hadrian was extended farther by Sept. Severus with great fortifications by the name of Vallum Semblably Guidus Paucirolus who affirmeth that Severus did but re-edifie and repaire the wall of Hadrian being falne downe He saith Spartianus fensed Britain which is one of the chiefe acts recorded in his time by erecting up a wall overthwart the Iland to the bound of the Ocean on both sides the Ile whereupon he got the title of BRITANNICUS After he had driven out the enemies as saith Aurelius Victor he fensed Britaine so far forth as it was commodious unto him c. As also Spartianus Againe Eutropius To the end that he might forâ—ifie with all safety and security the Provinces which he had recovered he made a wall for 35. or rather more truely 80. miles in length even from sea to sea That part of the Iland which he had recovered as Orosius writeth he thought good to sever from other untamed Nations by a rampier or wall and therefore he cast a great ditch and raised a most strong wall fortified with many turrets for the space of an hundred and twenty two miles from sea to sea with whom Bede agreeth who will not willingly heare that Severus made a wall for that he laboureth to prove that a wall is made of stone and a rampier named Vallum of stakes or piles that be called Valli and of turfes whereas in very truth Vallum and Murus that is a wall be indifferently used on for another And yet Spartianus called it Murus that is a wall and should seeme to shew that he made both a wall and a trench by these words Post murum apud vallum in Britannia missum c. Howbeit we gather out of Bede that the said Vallum or Rampier was nothing else but a wall of turfes and no man can truely say that the wall of Severus was built of stone But have here the very words of Bede himselfe Severus having gotten the victorie in civill wars at home which had fallen out to be very dangerous was drawne into Britain upon generall revolt almost of all the allies there Where after great and sore battells many times fought when he had regain'd part of the Iland he thought good to have the same divided from other wild and untamed nations not with a wall as some thinke but with a rampier for a wall is made of stones but a rampier whereby Camps are fortified to repell the force of enemies is made of turfes cut out of the earth round about but raised high in maner of a wall above ground so that there be a ditch or trench afront it whereout the turfes were gotten upon which are pitched piles of very strong timber And so Severus cast a great ditch and raised a most strong rampier strengthened with many turrets thereupon from sea to sea Neither is it knowne by any other name in Antonine or the Notice of Provinces than by Vallum that is a Rampier and is in the British tongue termed Gual-Sever Hereto we may annexe the authoritie also of Ethelward our ancientest writer next unto Bede who as touching Severus hath these words He
and doe still enjoy the same honour STRATH-NANERN THe utmost and farthest coast of all Britaine which with the front of the shore looketh full against the North point and hath the midst of the greater Beares taile which as Cardan was of opinion causeth translations of Empires just over head was inhabited as wee may see in Ptolomee by the CORNABII among whom he placeth the river NABEUS which names are of so neere affinitie that the nation may seeme to have drawne their denomination from the river that they dwelt by neither doth the moderne name Strath-Navera which signifieth the Valley by Navern jarre altogether in sound from them The country it selfe is for the soile nothing fertile and by reason of the sharpe and cold aire lesse inhabited and thereupon sore haunted and annoied with most cruell wolves Which in such violent rage not only set upon cattell to the exceeding great dammage of the inhabitants but also assaile men with great danger and not in this tract onely but in many other parts likewise of Scotland in so much as by vertue of an act of Parliament the Sheriffes and inhabitants in every countrey are commanded to goe forth thrice a yeere a hunting for to destroy the wolves and their whelpes But if in this so Northerly a countrey this be any comfort to speak of it hath of all Britain again the shortest night and the longest day For by reason of the position of heaven here distant from the Aequinoctiall line 59. degrees and fortie minutes the longest day containeth 18. houres and 25. scruples and the shortest night not above five houres and 45. scruples So that the Panegyrist is not true in this who made report in times past That the sunne in manner setteth not at all but passeth by and lightly glanceth upon the Horizon haply relying upon this authoritie of Tacitus for that the extreme points and plaine levels of the earth with their shade so low raised up no darknesse at all But more truely Plinie according to true reason where hee treateth of the longest dayes according to the inclination of the sunnes circle to the Horison The longest daies saith he in Italy are 15. houres in Britaine 17. where the light nights doe prove that undoubtedly by experience which reason forceth credibly that in Midsummer daies when the sunne approacheth neer to the Pole of the world the places of the earth under the Pole have day 6. months though the light having but a narrow compasse the night contrariwise when he is farre remote in middle winter In this utmost tract which Ptolomee extendeth out farre East whereas indeed it beareth full North for which Roger Bacon in his Geography taxed him long since where Tacitus said That an huge and enorme space of ground running still forward to the farthest point groweth narrow like a wedge There run out three Promontories mentioned by the old writers namely BERUBIUM now called Urdehead neere to Bernswale a village VIRVEDRUM now Dunsby otherwise named Duncansby which is thought to be the most remote promontorie of Britain ORCAS now named Howburn which Ptolomee setteth over against the Islands Orcades as the utmost of them all this also in Ptolomee is called TARVEDRUM and TARVISIUM and so named if my conjecture faile me not because it is the farthest end of Britaine for Tarvus in the British tongue hath a certaine signification of ending With which I accordingly will end this booke purposing to speake of the out-Isles Orcades Hebudes or Hebrides and of Shetland in their due place THus have I briefly run over Scotland and verily more briefly than the worth of so great a kingdom requireth neither doubt I but that some one or other will set it forth more at large and depaint it as I said with a more flourishing pensill in greater certainty and upon better knowledge when as our most mighty Monarch now openeth those remote places hitherto fore-closed from us Meane while if I have at any time dropt asleepe for the most watchfull may sometimes bee taken napping or if some errour in this unknowne tract hath misled mee from the truth as nothing is more rife and easie than errour I hope the courteous Reader will pardon it upon my acknowledgment and of his kindnesse recalling me from errour direct me in the right way to the truth HIBERNIAE IRELAND Anglis YVERDON BRITANNIS ERIN inâ—elis IERNA Orphaeo Arist. IRIS Diodoro Siculo IVVERNA Iuuelalj IOYERNIA Ptol. IRELAND AND THE SMALLER ILANDS IN THE BRITISH OCEAN THE BRITISH OCEAN NOw have I rather passed over than throughly surveied all BRITAIN namely those two most flourishing Kingdomes ENGLAND and SCOTLAND And whereas I am now to crosse the seas for IRELAND and the rest of the Isles if I premise some few lines touching the British sea I hope it shal not seem a crooked course or an extravagaÌ„t digression BRITAIN is encompassed round about with the vast open and main Ocean which ebbeth and floweth so violently with main tides that as Pytheas of Marsiles hath reported it swelleth 80. cubits about Britaine and St. Basile hath tearmed it Mare Magnum c. The great sea and dreadfull to Sailers yea and S. Ambrose wrote thus of it The great sea not adventured on by sailers nor attempted by Mariners is that which with a roaring and surging current environeth Britaine and reacheth into far remote parts and so hidden out of sight as that the fables have not yet come hither Certes this sea sometimes overfloweth the fields adjoining otherwhiles again it retireth leaveth all bare and that I may use the words of Plinie by reason of this open largenesse it feeleth more effectually the force and influence of the Moone exercising her power thereupon without impeachment and it floweth alwaies up within the land with such violence that it doth not onely drive back the streames of rivers but also either overtaketh and surpriseth beasts of the land or else leaveth behind it those of the sea For there have bin seen in everie age to the great astonishment of the beholders so many and so huge Seamonsters left on dry land on our shore that Horace sang this note not without good cause Belluosus qui remotis Obstrepit Oceanus Britannis The Ocean of sea-monsters fraight with store Upon the Britans farre remote doth roare And Juvenal in the like tune Quanto Delphino Balaena Britannica major As much as Whales full huge that use to breed In British Sea the Dolphins doe exceed And so great an adventure and exploit it was thought but to crosse only this our sea that Libanius the Grecian sophister in a Panegyâ—icall oration unto Constantinus Chlorus cried out in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is This voiage into Britain seemed comparable to the greatest triumph And Julius Firmicus not that famous Astrologer but another that was a Christian in a little treatise of the errour of profane religions written unto the Emperours
death of the said Justice of Ireland the Lord Roger Darcy with the assent of the Kings Ministers and others of the same land is placed in the office of Justice for the time Also the castles of Ley and Kylmehede are taken by the Irish and burnt in the moneth of April Item Lord Iohn Moris commeth chiefe Justice of Ireland the fifteenth day of May. Also the Irish of Ulster gave a great overthrow unto the English of Urgale wherin were slaine three hundred at the least in the moneth of June Also the said Lord Iohn Moris Justice of Ireland is discharged by the King of England from that office of Justiceship and the Lord Walter Bermingham set in the same office by the foresaid King and a little after the foresaid slaughter committed entreth with Commission into Ireland in the month of June Item unto the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earle of Desmond the maintenance of peace for a certain time is granted by the King of England Which being granted upon the Vigill of the exaltation of the holy Crosse hee together with his wife and two sonnes take sea at the haven of Yoghal and crosseth over into England where he followeth the law hard and requireth instantly to have justice for the wrongs done unto him by Raulph Ufford late Lord Justice of Ireland above named Item unto the said Earle by commandement and order from the Lord King of England there are granted from his entrance into England twenty shillings a day and so day by day still is allowed for his expences Also the Lord Walter Bermingham Justice of Ireland and the Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas Earle of Kildare rose up in armes against O-Merda and his complices who burnt the Castle of Ley and Kilmehed and they with their forces valiantly set upon and invade him and his complices spoiling killing and burning in so much as the said O-Morda and his complices although at the first they had manfully and resolutely made resistance there with many thousands of the Irish after many wounds and a great slaughter committed were constrained in the end to yeeld and so they submitted to the Kings grace and mercy and betake themselves full and whole unto the said Earles devotion MCCCXLVII The Earle of Kildare with his Barons and Knights goeth unto the King of England in the moneth of May to aide him lying then at the siege of Caleys Also the towne of Caleys was by the inhabitants upon the fourth day of June rendred up into the King of Englands hands Item Walter Bonevile William Calfe William Welesley and many other noble Gentlemen and valiant Knights as well of England as of Ireland died of the sicknesse in Caleys Also Mac-Murgh to wit Donald Mac-Murgh the sonne of Donald Art Mac-Murgh King of Leinster upon the fifth day of June is treacherously slain by his own people More Moris Fitz-Thomas Earle of Kildare is by the King of England made Knight Also the towne called Monaghan with all the territorie adjoining is by the Irish burnt on the feast day of S. Stephen Martyr Item Dame Joane Fitz-Leoues sometime wife to the Lord Simon Genevile departed this life and is buried in the Covent Church of the Friers Preachers of Trim the second day of Aprill MCCCXLVIII And in the 22. yeere of King Edward the third reigned the first pestilence and most of all in Ireland which had begunne afore in other Countries Item in this yeere Walter Lord Bermingham Lord Justice of Ireland came into England and left Iohn Archer Prior of Kylmainon his Lievtenant in his roome And he returneth againe in the same yeere Justice as before and the King conferred upon the same Walter the Barony of Kenlys which is in Osserie because he led a great army against the Earle of Desmond with Raulfe Ufford as before is said which Barony belonged in times past unto the Lord Eustace Pover who was attainted and hanged at the castle of the Isle MCCCXLIX Lord Walter Bermingham the best Justice of Ireland that ever was gave up his office of Justiceship after whom succeeded the Lord Carew Knight and Baron both MCCCL. And in the 25. yeere of the foresaid King Edward Sir Thomas Rokesby Knight was made Lord Justice of Ireland Item Sir Walter Bermingham Knight Lord Bermingham that right good Justice sometime of Ireland died in the Even of S. Margaret Virgin in England MCCCLI Kenwrick Sherman sometime Maior of the Citie of Dublin died and was buried under the Belfray of the preaching Friers of the same City which Belfray and Steeple himselfe erected and glazed a window at the head of the Quire and caused the roofe of the Church to be made with many more good deeds In the same Covent he departed I say the sixth day of March and at his end he made his Will or Testament amounting to the value of three thousand Marks and bequeathed many good Legacies unto the Priests of the Church both religious and secular that were within twenty miles about the City MCCCLII Sir Robert Savage Knight began in Ulster to build new castles in divers places and upon his owne Manours who while he was a building said unto his sonne and heire Sir Henry Savage let us make strong walls about us lest happily the Irish come and take away our place destroy our kinred and people and so we shall be reproached of all Nations Then answered his sonne where ever there shall be valiant men there is a Castle and Fortresse too according to that saying The sonnes encamped that is to say valiant men are ordained for warre and therefore will I be among such hardy men and so shall I be in a castle and therewith said in his vulgar speech A castle of Bones is better than a castle of Stones Then his father in a fume and chafe gave over his worke and swore an oath that he would never build with stone and morter but keepe a good house and a very great family and retinew of servants about him but he prophesied withall that hereafter his sonnes and posterity should grieve and waile for it which indeed came to passe for the Irish destroyed all that country for default of castles MCCCLV And in the thirty yeere of the same King Sir Thomas Rokesby Knight went out of his office of Justice the sixe and twenty day of July after whom succeeded Moris Fitz-Thomas Earle of Desmund and continued in the office untill his death Item on the day of Saint Pauls conversion the same Lord Moris Fitz-Thomas died Justice of Ireland in the castle of Dublin not without great sorrow of his friends and kinsfolke and no lesse feare and trembling of all other Irish that loved peace First he was buried in the quire of the preaching Friers of Dublin and at last enterred in the Covent Church of the Friers Preachers of Traly This man was a righteous Justicer in that hee stucke not to hang up those of his owne blood for theft and rapine and misdemeanours even as soone as strangers
same Avienus wrote thus Tartesiisque in terminos Oestrymnidum Negotiandi mos erat Carthaginiâ— Etiam colonis Those of Tartessus eke as well As they in Carthage towne that dwell Were wont to trade for merchandise To skirts of Isles Oestrymnides Other Greeke writers tearmed these Cassiterides of Tinne like as Strabo nameth a certaine place among the Drangi in Asia CASSITERON of Tinn and Stephanus in his booke of Cities reporteth out of Dionysius that a certaine Iland in the Indian sea was called CASSITERIA of Tinne As for that MICTIS which Pliny citeth out of Timaeus to bee sixe dayes sailing inward from Britaine and to yeeld Mines of white lead that it should be one of these I dare scarcely affirme Yet am I not igrant that the most learned Hermolaus Barbarus read it in manuscript books Mitteris for Mictis and doth read for Mitteris Cartiteris But that I should avouch these to be those CASSITERIDES so often sought for the authority of the ancient writers their site and the mines of Tinne are motives to perswade me Full opposite unto the Artabri saith Strabo over against which the West parts of Britain doe lye appeare those Ilands Northward which they call Cassiterides placed after a sort in the same clime with Britaine And in another place The sea between Spaine and the Cassiterides is broader than that which lieth between the Cassiterides and Britain The Cassiterides look toward the coast of Celtiberia saith Solinus And Diodorus Siculus in the Ilands next unto the Spanish sea which of Tinne are called Cassiterides Also Eustathius There be ten Islands called Cassiterides lying close together Northward Now seeing these Isles of Silly are opposite unto the Artabri that is Gallitia in Spaine seeing they bend directly North from them seeing they are placed in the same clime with Britaine seeing they looke toward the coast of Celtiberia seeing they are dis-joined by a farre broader sea from Spaine than from Britaine seeing they are next unto the Spanish sea seeing they lye hard one by another toward the North and ten onely of them bee of any good account namely Saint Maries Annoth Agnes Sampson Silly Brefer Rusco or Trescaw Saint Helens Saint Martins and Arthur and that which is most materiall seeing they have veines of Tinne as no other Iland hath beside them in this tract and considering that two of the lesse sort to wit Minan Witham and Minuisisand may seeme to have taken their names of Mines I would rather think these to be CASSITERIDES than either the Azores which beare too far West or Cisarga with Olivarius that lieth in maner close unto Spaine or even Britain it selfe with Ortelius considering there were many Cassiterides and Dionysius Alexandrinus after he had treated of the Cassiterides writeth of Britaine apart by it selfe If any man by reason of the number deny these to be CASSITERIDES for that they be more than ten let him also number the Haebudes and the Orcades and if after the account taken he finde neither more nor fewer with Ptolomee than five Haebudes and 30. Orcades let him search in any other place but where they are now extant and with all his searching by reckoning of the numbers I know for certaine he shall not easily finde them But the ancient writers had no certaine knowledge of these most remote parts and Ilands of the earth in that age no more than wee in these daies of the Isles in the Streights of Magellane and the whole tract of New Guiney And that Herodotus had no knowledge of these it is no marvell for himselfe confesseth that hee knew nothing for certaine to make report of the farthest parts of Europe But lead was brought first from hence into Greece Lead saith Plinie in his eight Booke and in the Chapter of the first Inventours of things Midacritus first brought out of the Island Cassitiris But as touching these Islands listen what Strabo saith in his third Booke of Geography toward the end The Ilands Cassiterides be in number ten neere one unto another situate in the deepe sea Northward from the haven of the Artabri One of them is desert the rest are inhabited by men wearing blacke garments clad in side-coats reaching downe to their ankles girt about the breast and going with staves like unto the Furies in Tragedies They live of their cattell straggling and wandring after a sort as having no certaine abiding place Metall mines they have of tinne and of lead in lieu whereof and of skins and furres they receive by exchange from the Merchants earthen vessels salt and brasen workes At the beginning the Phoenicians only traded thither from Gades and concealed from others this their navigation But when the Romanes followed a certaine Master of a shippe that they themselves might learne this trafficke of merchandise he upon a spitefull envie ran his ship for the nonce upon the sands and after hee had brought them that followed after into the same danger of destruction himselfe escaped the shipwracke and out of the common Treasury received the worth of the commodities and wares that he lost Howbeit the Romans after they had tryed many times learned at length the voiage hither Afterwards Publius Crassus when hee had sailed thither and seene how they digged not very deepe in these Mines and that the people were lovers of peace and lived quietly desirous also to saile upon the sea he shewed the feat thereof to as many as were willing to learne although they were to saile a greater sea than that which reacheth from thence to Britain But to discourse no farther whether these were the ancient Cassiterides or no and to returne to Silly There bee about an hundred forty and five Ilands carrying this name all clad with grasse or covered with a greenish mosse besides many hideous rockes and great craggy stones raising head above water situate as it were in a circle round eight leagues from the lands end or utmost point of Cornewall West-South-West Some of them yeeld sufficient store of corne but all of them have abundance of conies cranes swannes herons and other sea-foule The greatest of them all is that which tooke the name of Saint Marie having a towne so named and is about eight miles in compasse offereth a good harbour to Saylers in a sandie Bay wherein they may anchor at sixe seven and eight fathom but in the entry lye some rockes on either side It hath had anciently a castle which hath yeelded to the force of time But for the same Queene Elizabeth in the yeere 1593. when the Spaniards called in by the Leaguers of France began to nestle in little Britain built a new castle with faire and strong ravelines and named the same Stella Maria in respect both of the ravelines which resemble the raies of a starre and the name of the Isle for defence whereof shee there placed a garrison under the command of Sir Francis Godolphin Doubtlesse these are those Ilands which as Solinus writeth a
O OBrien 82 O-Brins 89 O-Cahan 114 O-Carell 69 O-Conor Dun 102.104 O-Donell 117 O-Hagan 109 O-Hanlon ibid. O-Kelly 103 Ogygia 62 O-Mahon 76 O-Maily 86 O-More ibid. O-Neale election 114.120 Earle of Tir-Oen 122 c. Oleron 232 O-Pharoll 97 O-Quin 131 O-Reyley 106 Orcades Isles 216. Earles 217 Ormond 82 O-Rorke 103 O-Swilivant 76 Ossery Earle 82 Ougans 88. O-Tooles 89 P PAlladius 67 Pearles 59 Pelagius an Arch-heriticke 111 Perot 103 Phelipot a good Patriot 224 Poers Barons of Curraghmore 79 Prestholm 20â— Preston 95 Professions hereditarie 141 Plonkets 94.95.96 Q QUeâ—nes County 86 R RHeban Baronets 86 Ridiculous conceit 75 Ringrom Baron 77 Roch. Baron 78 Roscomon County 103 Russell Lord Deputy 121 Rugge 63 S SAlmons 59.114 Savage 112 Saint Bernard 103 Saint Brigid 87 Saint Laurence Baron of Houth 94. Saint Michael 86 Saint Patrickes Sepulcher 110 Purgatory 116 Saint Owen 227 Saxons Islands 220 Scalmey 202 Serk 227 Scots 117 Shaving of Irish 107 Shires of Ireland 37 Shetland 219 Sidny Lord Deputy 97.121 Silly Isles 227 c. Slane Baron 95 Slego County 102 Small Island 201 Smyris a stone 225 Steward of Ireland 80 Spaniards in Ireland 75.77 Stanihurst a learned man 66 Steptholme 202 Stella Maria 230 Stockholme 202 Strongebow 69.87 Stukeley 94 Surley Boy 113 Sussex Earle Lord Deputy 121 T TAlbot 79 80 94 155 Tanistry 141 Thule 218 Three sisters 84 Tipperary County 82. Earle ibid. Tirconel County 115 Tirell 91 96 Tiroen County 114 Toam or Tuen Archbishopricke 100 Trimletstoun Baron 95 Twomond Earles 99 Tullo Vicount 85 c. c. f Turlogh Lenigh 115 Tutes 96 V VAlentia Baron 76 Verdon 97 Vernayle 155 Ufford 103 Vergivian Sea 61 Vescy 87 Vines why not in Britain 63 Ulster 104. Earles 117 Upper Ossery Baron 84 Uriaghts 114 Ushant 231 Ussher 94 Uske-bah 63 W WAlsh 91 Warren 86 132 Waterford County 79. Earles 80 Weisford County 88 West Meath County 96 Western Isles 215 White Knight 87 Wicklow 89 Wicker boates 59 Wolfmen 83 Y YDron Baronie 85 Ancient names of Places and Rivers in Ireland ARgita flu 117 Ausoba flu 99 Auteri 100 Birgus flu 84 Boreum Prom. 117 Birgantes or Brigantes 84 Buvinda flu 95 Cauci 90 Concaâ—i 98 Coriondi 77 Darnii neere Derrie 104.116 Daurona 78 Dunum 109 Duri flu 75 Eblana 91 Eblani 84 Erdini 106 Gangani 98 Hieron Prom. 89 Iberni 76 Iernus flu ibid. Isannium Prom. 109 Laberus 94 Libnius flu 91 Logia flu 116 Luceni 74 Macolicum 97 Menapia 89 Menapii 84 Medona flu 89 Nagnata 102.103 Nagnata ibid. Notium Prom. 76 Ovoca flu 90 Ravius flu 102 Rheba 8 Rhobogdii 115 Rhobogdium Prom. 116 Rigia 97 Rigia altera 116 Senus flu 97 Velabri 76 Vennicuium Prom. 117 Vennicnii 115.117 Vidua flu 117 Vinderus flu 112 Vodiae 77 Voluntii 104 Ancient names of the Isles adjacent to Britaine ACmodae 220 Amnitum See Samnitum insulae 231 Adros called also Andium 203 Axantos See Uxantisa 231 Barsa 227 Bergae 218 Birchanis 221 Caesarea 224 Cassiterides 227 Caunos 222 Dumna 216 Ebudae 215 Ebuda prima 216 Ebuda secunda ibid. Evodia 214 Electridae 220 Epidium 215 Edri 203 Fortunate Islands 217 Glessariae 220 Glotta 22.214 Hebrides 215 Hesperides 228 Ieta 223 Limnos 203 Liga 227 Lisia ibid. Mictis haply Vectis 223 Menavia 203 205 Mona 203 Monaeda ibid. Mula or Maleos 215 Nerigon 218 Nessiada 231 Ocetâ—â— 216 Orcades ibid. Pomona ibid. Ricina or Ricluna 215 Sanitum insulae 231 Sarnia 225 Saxonum insulae 221 Sena 231 Siambis ibid. Siade 227 Sicdelis ibid. Silimnus 203 Silinae 227 Tanatos 222 Thule 218 Toliapis 222 Vecta or Vectis 223 Venetica insulae 231 Vindelis Old Winchelsey Uliarus 232 Uxantisa 231 FINIS Fromispicii explicatio * Lady beth 〈◊〉 Mothe◠〈…〉 now 〈◊〉 Georgâ— Berklâ— See in KENT * Scutula â—hlongae * Bipenni See the Annotations of Sir Hen. Savilâ— knight upon this place in Tâ—cituâ— The Panegyricke Oration pronounced unto CoÌ„stantius and untruly entituled unto Maximian â—e natura Deorum lib. 2. Probus in Virgilij Gâ—â—gie * Aries * Gemini * Taurus * Bootes otherwise called Arctophylax * Vsually grow in hotter counries Zosimus Eustachius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Panegyrie to Constantius Panegyriâ— to Constantius Fortunate Islands In his Commentaries upon Lycophron 1344. The first Inhabitants and reason of the Name * Aquitaine Brute * Vrbem Turonum In the yeare of the world 2855. Before the Nativitie of Christ 1108. Censorium The Fabulous Time or Age. At this day called Nether-lands or Low countries of Germanie He flourished in the yeare 1440. * Epist. 44. Descript. Cambriae c. 7. Bretanus Livius Augustinus dâ— Civitate Dei lib. 3. cap. 4. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 * Or Nations Origen lib. 9. cap. 2. Gen. cap. 9. 〈◊〉 Cimerii Cumeri c. * i. Welch men * or Welch Lib. 8. cap. 3. Phil. Melanct. Ad Sexium Pompeium Berosus Censure upon Berosus * Now France * Now Frenchmen THE NAME De Proconsul * Aâ—x Forcatulus out of the Annales of France * Now Castri or Salona 1235. Morimarusa * That is Welch * The Scite Erasmus Michael of Navigation * Or Candie * Now Barbarie * Where now are Holland Zeland Flanders Brabant Gelderland Cleve * France Britaines in Gaule * Britannos yet in some Copies of Plinie wee reade Briannos * Of Europe Religion Druidae * About Chartres The Doctrine of the Druidaâ— found in Britaine An Oke also in the British or Welch tongue is called Derw Lib. 16. cap. 4. Saronidae Dry. Barâ—â— * Welchmen * That is their descent from Pluto Their Republique or common wealth * Cassibelinus Their Manners * Old wives tales Ambacti Brachae Language I have made use in these words of William Salisburies Glossarie and another old Manuscript Divona * That is Welchmen Taraniâ— Hesus Teutates Tewsday 〈◊〉 Tuisday Lib. 1. Dusii Lenâ—â— Gaessatae Gessi Gessum Caterva Cateia Gessa Trimarcia Thireos Cetos Rheda Rhediad Eporedia Covinus Essedum Circius Penninum Apenninus Armorica Bauchadae Vargae Lib. 4. Epist. 6. Allobroges Glastum Woad Isatis Viâ—rum an herbe Lutteum in Caesar. Pomponius Mela corrected Coâ—cus Brachae Lainae Bardus Bardocuculluâ— Brance Pempedula Petoritum Guvia Betulla Dercoma Ratiâ— Scovies Vetonica Marga. Gliscomarga Tripetia Candetum Becco Galba Bulga Soldurij * Vowing to die and live one with another Planarat Taxea Sithum Cervisia Ale a drinke The Terminations or Ends of places Names 〈◊〉 Lipsius de Pronuntiâ—tione pag. 96. * Garumna * Arar Rhodanus Rhosâ—e * Montagnes de avergne or Cevennae Gebennae * Mile and halfe Leuca Stony Strond or stonie field Morini * Arles Arâ—late * Cadenaâ— in Quercy or Yooldun Vxellodunum Dunum * That is an Harpe Cytharistes Epist. 4. * Little Tartaria or Perocopsca The British Tongue Giraldus in his Topography of Wales * Welchmen Albion Britanniâ— Vide Ioseph Scalig in Caâ—ul The shape or pourtraicture of Britaine De morbis