Of the Whales about Spitzbergen and how they differ from other Whales with an exact description of all the parts of a Whale and a what uses they are applied from p. 130 to p. 144 Of the sever ways of catching Whales from p. 145 to p. 156 How they mannage the dead Whales several ways of Trying out of the Train-Oil from the Fat from p. 197 to p. 164 Of the Finn-fish being the length of a Whale but much less in bulk p. 16â— Of Rotz fishes and Sea-qualms Of the Sea May-fly Of the Snail Slime-fish Of the Hat Slime-fish Of the Rose like shaped Slime-fish Of the Slime fish like a Cap. Of the Slime fish like a Fountain from p. 165 to p. 175. Contents of the Supplement A Description of Cherry and other Islands from p. 179 to p. 184 John mayens Island p. 185 Groenland or Engroenland p. 187 The Discovery of Freezland or Friseland p. 206 To the Hon. ble Sam Pepys Esq r. This Mapp of the STREIGHTS of MAGELLAN Drawn by S r Io. n Narbrough is humbly Dedicated by Sam Smith and Benj Wallford A JOURNAL KEPT BY Captain John Narbrough c. MAY 15. 1669. This day being Saturday I received from the Honourable Mr. Wren Secretary to his Royal Highness the Duke of York my Commission to Command his Majesty's Ship the Sweepstakes the Ship being at Deptford in the River of Thames near London Sunday September 26. 1669. Set out at his Majesty's proper Cost one of his own Ships named the Sweepstakes Burthen 300 Tuns with 36 great Ordnance and all other Munition proportionable manned with 80 Men and Boys victualled for fourteen Months at whole allowance of all Provisions both good and wholesom having Oat-meal for Fish and four Tuns and an half of Brandy in lieu of Beer stores of all sorts compleat for twelve months with provision of Craft to take Fish and Fowls a seyne Net and hooks and lines and fisgigs and harping Irons twelve Fowling-pieces with shot and pigs of Lead to make Shot if occasion c. And the Batchelour Pink burthen 70 Tuns with four great Ordnance and all other Munition proportionable mann'd with nineteen Men one Boy victualled for twelve months at whole allowance of all Provision good and wholesom as the Sweepstakes had and stores proportionable for the time and Craft to take Fish and Fowl c. Having a sort of Goods to the value of three hundred pounds as followeth Knives Sissers Glasses Beads Hatchets Bills Hoes Nails Needles Pins Pipes Bells Boxes c. Dassels Linnen Cloth Osenbrigs Tobacco and Pipes c. to trade with the Natives at his Majesty's Charge Wednesday September 29. Hazy weather the Wind to the North-west and by West a fresh gale I stood to the South-west-ward as near as I could this day at twelve a Clock the Lizard bore North of me a little Easterly distance about 12 Leagues according to my account Latitude by account is 49 d. 35 m. This day I spoke with a French Banker Lizard in England lies in the Lat. of 50 d. 10 m. and in Longitude East from the Meridian of the West part of St. Michael one of the Islands of the Azores 18 d. 30 m. From the Lizard I take my departure and keep my daily account of the difference of my Longitude from that Meridian October the 17. I made the Madera which Island is high Land and irregular in Hills with Wood on the top and down the sides Planted with Vines there is some Sugar made in the Island the Inhabitants Portugueses The City of Fonchiale is the Metropolis and is situated in a Bay on the South part of the Island close to the Sea side walled next the Sea and well fortified with Ordnance fresh water comes running into the Sea in the middle of the Bay in a fair Rivulet from under an Arch in the Wall the shoar-sides are great pebble stones in the Bay and Rocks in the other places the Road is foul ground to the East part of it the Ships ride in shot of Ordnance of the City this City is about an English mile in length and three quarters of a mile in breadth The Desarts are barren rocky Isles of a good heighth and lie at the South-east point of Madera above a mile distant from the shore there is water enough between Madera and the Desarts in the midway and no danger the Desarts trent to the South-east Fonchiale Bay in the Isle of Madera lies in the Latitude of 32 d. 10 m. North and in Longitude West from the Lizard of England 10 d. 1 m. and Meridian distance 143 Leagues Sunday being the 17th fair Weather and little wind at North-west Course by my Compass South-west I make my true Course from Fonchiale Bay till to day at noon South-south-west distance sailed 34 miles six tenths departure West 13 miles Diff. Lat. 00 d. 32 m. Lat. by account 31 d. â—8 m. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 147 leagues 1 mile Longitude from the Lizard West 10 d. 17 m. Difference of Longitude from Fonchiale West 00 d. 16 m. To day at noon I saw the Island of Madera bearing N b. E the body of the Isle distant by estimation 11 leagues it makes in a bluff body at the West end and trents to the East Course by the Compass this afternoon SW little wind to night I shaped my nearest Course for the Island of St. Jago with all the sail I could make the Batchelour Pink in Company I gave order to my Master to make the best of his way to St. Jago Island but not to leave the Company of the Batchelour Saturday October 23. The wind at N. b. E. a gale this day in the forenoon I crossed the Tropick of Cancer all my men in good health I praise the Almighty God for it many of my men that had been with me in the Indies formerly were let blood for I take bleeding in these hot Climates to be a great preserver of health diverting Calentures I experienc'd it in two Voyages before to the Island of St. Helena and in one to the Coast of Guinea where several of my men under that distemper were preserved by bleeding in all these Voyages I was never sick one day nor in two years time in the Mediterranean Sea nor at the Canaries for when I came near the Equinoctial I always breathed a Vein Thursday October 28. the Wind at East-North-East a stiff gale this Morning I saw the Isle of Mayo bearing S. b. W. distant by estimation eight Leagues it makes a high Hill and Craggy to the East part and low land towards the shore-side to the North-west part of the Island it lies from Bâ—navist S. b. W. distant near 18 leagues This day at 11 a Clock I anchored in the Road in seven fathom water sandy Ground about a mile from the shore the Northernmost point of the Road bearing N. N. W. half a point to the West and the Southern point of the Road bearing South-east
Valley in a gully of Rocks it bears North-north-west from the lower Rock that we called Peckets Well is a mile up the River within a Bow-shot of the salt Water 't is in a gully the Land in these Valleys has very green and sweet Grass and abundance of wild Pease small Nut-galls growing on the Bushes but in no great quantity and but few Bushes Salt may be made here for on the Shore-side and on the Rocks I gathered several handfuls of good Salt March 25. Gentlemen You are by me desired to take notice that this Day I take possession of this Harbour and River of Port Desier and of all the Land in this Country on both Shores for the use of his Majesty King Charles the Second of Great Britain and his Heirs God save our King and fired three Ordnance Saturday March 26. Wind at West a stout Gale I stood to the Northward this Morning at six a Clock when the Sun appeared above the East Horizon the Moon set in the West-horizon being eclipsed at London at Elevan a Clock ten minutes in the Forenoon but here at six a Clock thirty minutes past which gives four hours forty minutes difference of time between the Meridian of London and the Meridian of Cape Blanco which Cape lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 20 m. South on the South-east Coast of America where I saw this Eclipse 70 degrees in Longitude to the Westward of the Meridian of London by this Observation I could not see the whole Eclipse the Heavens being clouded I find Cape Blanco by my account of Sailing to lie in the Longitude of 69 d. 16 m. to the Westward of the Meridian of London If the Moon had not been clouded I might have been exact in the Longitude but I presume my Account is not much out Cape Blanco lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 20 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 56 m. and in Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1014 Leagues 1 Mile 6 1â— Port Desier in America lies in the Latitude of 47 d. 48 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 57 m. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1015. Leagues 2 Miles 6 10 Penguin Island or the plentiful Isles Latitude 47 d. 55 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard West 61 d. 57 m. Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1014. Leagues 2 Miles Variation of the Compass here is Easterly 17 d. 30 m. April 1. The Sweepstakes off of Seal's Bay in the Latitude of 48 d. 10 m. South on the Coast of Patagonia Saturday April 2. Fair Weather this Morning Wind at North-north-west a fine gale I filled at Day-light and steered away South-south-west and South and by West by my Compass as the Coast lies I sailed along in twenty Fathom-water black Sand distant from the shore near three Leagues this forenoon at nine a Clock I saw a small flat Island to the Westward of me about a League off the Land it lies in the Latitude of 48 d. 40 m. South the Land against it is high in large Hills and some round copling tops two Leagues more to the Southward the Land is low in a great Plain and a Beach by the Sea-side but the shore against this Island is rocky I was two Leagues East from the flat Island and had twenty three fathom black Sand I haled close in for the shore and sail'd within five Miles of it all along from this Island to Port St. Julian I sounded as I sail'd along and had 18 or 20 fathom fine black Sand the Land is low in a Valley the Sea-shore is a Beach here and there a Rock it is in a long Beach for four Leagues after you are to the Southward of the flat-Flat-Island one League the shore lies south-fourth-South-fourth-west and North-north-east at the south-South-end of this Beach in-land are high round Hills but at the Sea-side is a steep white Cliff of an indifferent heighth with a black streak in it over the Cliff the Hill rounds up to the top having some small black Bushes growing on the side no Wood or Tree seen In this Bay is Port St. Julian the Harbour's mouth is in the middle of the Bay but you cannot see it without for one Point shutting in the other you must send your Boat in to discover the Harbour at Low-water and the Bar without for 't is a barred Harbour the Land in the Country over Port St. Julian on the West-side is high copling round Hills like blunt Sugar-loaves on the top â—is the highest Land I saw in all the Country and there are no such Hills besides on the Coast the Land is plain to the South without any Hill as far as we could see at this time this Afternoon it proved a Calm I anchored in the Bay before St. Julian in twelve fathom Water black oary Land the Harbour's mouth bearing West-south-west of me about two Leagues off I sent in my Boat to discover the Harbour and see if the Pink was there which returned to Night at six a Clock my Lieutenant told me there was a safe Harbour and Water enough for a bigger Ship but no Pink nor any sign of her having been there now I despaired of ever seeing her more after my hopes were frustrated here nevertheless I doubted not the success of my Voyage though the Company thought 't would be dangerous being a lone Ship a stormy Sea to sail in and unknown Coasts to search out and if we should happen to run aground any where could expect no relief these suspicions I soon put out of their Heads by telling them of the great Riches of the Land and that Captain Drake went round the World in one Ship when in those days there were but ordinary Navigators and was it for us to question our good fortune who beyond Comparison are better Seamen if we would put our selves in Action and for me I would expose no Man to more danger than my self in the Attempt Calm to Night I rode fast a small Tide running where I rode the Water ebb'd near three fathom perpendicular it is near nine Leagues from the Flat Island to Saint Julian South-south-west and North-north-east as the shore lies The Mouth of Port Saint Julian in Latitude 49 d. 10 m. South and in Longitude from the Lizard 63 d. 10 m. and in Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1030 Leagues by an Amplitude here the Compass has varied 16 d. 10 m. East Wednesday April 13. Fair Weather Wind at West a small gale Frosty and cold Air no sign of the Pink I went ashore and haled the Seyne on the East-side at the first of the Flood we caught five hundred Fishes as big as large Mullets and much like them grey and full of Scales some as big as a Man's Leg we caught them all in four hours time returned aboard and divided them among the whole Ship 's Company they eat admirably well many good Muscles lie on the Rocks
735 Leagues 1 mile 5 tenths Variation of the Compass Easterly 18 Degrees I concluded we had shot past Port Desier Harbour in the Fog for the Islands and Rocks which we saw were Penguin and other Isles lying about it which lies to the Southward of the Harbour of Port Desier Many Seals Penguins pied Porpoises and several Sea Fowls c. seen to day Thursday Febr. 24. Hasey Weather Wind at West-north-west a fresh gale I sent Men up to the Top-mast-head to look abroad this Morning no sight of the Pink I judge she must be in Port Desier I weighed about 8 a Clock this Morning and stood to the Northward with my Ship I went in my Pinnace along the shore to the Northward whilst the Ship sail'd in the Offing about two Leagues from the shore the Shore-side is in Beaches and scatter'd Rocks in many places the Tide of Flood was with us at the North-end of Seals Bay lies a small rocky Island copling up like a Haycock It is cover'd with grey-colour'd Fowls Dung a very strong Tide runs here between the Island and the Main 't is a little more than a Cables length from the Point of the Main there 's a great many broken Rocks about it by the Sea-side here the main Land is low and sandy up the Country in large Downs and Hills without Wood or fresh Water any where On this Island are abundance of Seals and Sea Fowls we gave it the name of Tomahauke Island from an Indian Club lost here called by the Caribbe-Indians at Surinam a Temahauke 't is all a craggy Rock a little bigger than Seal-Island and is eight Leagues to the North-north-east distant from it to the Northwest of this Island is a deep rounding Bay called in the Charts Spiring's Bay wherein lie three small Islands of an indifferent height the Land in the Country over this Bay is large high Hills Rocks lie in the North part of the Bay I cross'd it in the Pinnace amd sounded as I went over and had 21 Fathom rough ground in the mid-way 't is seven Miles broad and near 3 Leagues deep it rounds with a turning up to the North-northwest ward behind a Point farther than I saw upon which rounding Point stand black Rocks which make like a ragged Building and a Tower in it at my coming in with the Land I sail'd close under this shoar with my Boat the shore is steep black Rocks and low Bays with Pebble-stones and sandy Beaches green Grass on the Hills no Wood nor fresh Water to be seen at the North-east Point of this Spiring's-Bay the Land makes out full like a foreland a fair high Land in large plain Hills with sandy small Bays at the face of this Foreland lie six rocky Islands one is a Musket-shot off the Main the rest farther off the outwardmost is the biggest a Mile from the Point of the Main and is called penguin-Penguin-Island it is indifferent high at the ends and low in the middle 't is near three quarters of a Mile long North-north-east and south-south-South-south-west and near half a Mile broad East and West it is all craggy Rocks except in the lowest part of the middle which is gravelly and in the Summer time had a little green Grass the great black Gannets lay their Eggs here and the Penguins all over the Island upon and under the Rocks in Holes Seals lie all about the sides on the tops of the highest Rocks and in the middle of it the number of Seals Penguins and Sea-Fowl upon these Islands is alsmost incredible to them that never saw them for the multitude of each Creature that 's there daily is numberless the Six Islands are full of Seals but the Penguins frequent the biggest most I put a-shore at one of them and took into my Boat three hundred Penguins in less than half an hour and could have taken three thousand in the time if my Boat would have carried 'em for 't is but driving 'em in flocks to the shore by the Boats side where two or three Men knock them on the head with short Truncheons and the rest heave them into the Boat the Seals will run over a Man if he does not avoid 'em mean time the Ship was standing to the Northward about 2 Leagues off many broken Rocks and foul ground lie among these Islands and without the Point of the outermost it makes a great ripling which is the strength of the Tide reversed from the Islands aginst the other Tide to the Northward of these Islands is a Bay four Leagues long and a League and half deep in the Northwest thereof lies the Harbour of Port Desier which we could see from Penguin Island 's bearing North-north-west from Penguin Island distant about 3 Leagues about the middle of this Bay are steep white Cliffs near two miles long the upper part of the Cliff has black streaks down a fourth part caused by the Water draining down on it the Land is plain on the top of these Cliffs but further into the Country high rounding Hills and Downs and toward the Water-side low on the South part of the Bay are craggy Rocks on the Main like great Walls near the Sea there 's a sandy Cove to hale a Boat up in foul Weather the Cove is just under these wall-like Rocks Saturday Feb. 26. Fair Weather the Wind at West a stiff gale I kept a Light out all Night that the Pink might see if she came along the first part of the Night a great Fire was made on the shore for the same purpose Cold weather this Morning at 7 a Clock I manned both my Boats and into the Herbour the Ship rode moored at the Harbour-mouth within the Muscle-bank in six Fathom at low Water I sent my Men upon the Hills on the North shore to look abroad for the Pink and make a Fire in the dry Grass that she might see the smoak if she were thereabouts but they could not see her I sounded the Harbour in many places to day at low Water and found it a very good one for great Ships to ride in provided they have good Cables and Anchros I searched the shore but found no Wood and very little fresh Water on the hilly and large Downs very few Bushes but dry long Grass growing in tufts and knots the Soil is gravelly and dry in some Valleys well mixt with black mould no People fire or smoak but our own to be seen I saw several places where they had lain behind Bushes upon Grass which they had plucked up and that they had made small sires and roasted Lumpets and Muscles there lay Wooll Feathers bones of Beasts and shivers of Flints I went to a Flag which I left on a Hill yesterday with Beads at it but finding no body had been at it let it stand no Beasts seen any where except two Hares running over the Hills this day we were taken up with viewing the Harbour so that we did not advance above a mile and
as he comes out from the South-Sea if he lose sight of the South-shore Here lie four small Islands at the North part of the mouth of the Streight in the South-Sea they lie pretty near together the Eastermost stands singly by it self and is round copling up of a fair height like an Hay-cock or Sugar-loaf the other three are flattish they lie from Cape-pillar North-north-west by the true Compass 6 Legues off they are distant from Cape-Victory near four Leagues South-west I called them The Islands of Direction they are good wishing to fall with the Mouth of the Streight November 26. The Land makes in Islands lying near the main Land is high and large Hills In-land which stretch North and South some Snow lying on the tops of the highest Hill At eight of the Clock I made the Island of Nuestra Sennora del Socoro in the Spanish Tongue it is called The Island of our Lady of Sucore I steered with it North-east and by East it made rounding up at the Eastermost end and lower in the middle that at either end it maketh with a ridge running from one end to the other and Trees growing on it the Shore-side is rocky on the South-side of the Island and some broken Rocks lie near the Shore-side and on the South-east end of the Island there stand two peaked copling Rocks close to the Shore they are white on the top with Fowls dung The Island is of a fine heighth and all woody on the North-side of it the Trees grow down to the Water-side and fresh Water runs down in five or six Gullies the Woods are all green and very thick spicy Trees Meridian distance at Noon from Cape-pillar East 20 d. â— m 4 ten Longitude at Noon from Cape-pillar East 1 d 19 m. Longitude at Noon from the Lizard West 71 d. 42 m. Meridian distance at Noon from the Lizard West 1128 leag 2 mil. 9 ten The Island Nuestra Senore di Socoro lies in the Latitude of forty five degrees South and in Longitude East from Cape-pillar one degree nineteen minutes Meridian distance from Cape-pillar East 20 leag 0 min. 4 ten Meridian distance from the Lizard West 1128 deg 2 min. 42 min. Longitude from the Meridian of the Lizard West 71 deg 9 ten The Compass hath eleven Degrees Variation Easterly here I went a-shore with my Boats for fresh Water which I had them laden with presently for here is fresh Water enough and very good I searched the Shore what I could I saw on old Hutt or Arbour of the Indians making and several sticks that were cut but all old done I could not see any sign of People on the Island now I believe the People come rambling to this Island from the Main in the best season of the Year to get young Fowls for I do not see any thing else in the Island for the sustenance of Mans Life I could not see any kind of Mineral or Metal the Soil is a sandy black Earth and some Banks of Rocks the Island is irregular and grown all over with impenetrable thick Woods so as I could not see the inward part of it the Woods are ordinary Timber none that I saw was fit to make Planks of the nature of the Wood is much like Beech and Birch and a sort of heavy Wood good for little but the fire it is white no Fruit or Herbs very little Grass the Woods are so thick much kind of long sedgy Grass no wild Beast to be seen several small Birds in the Woods like Sparrows there are several Fowls like Kites in the Woods several black and white brant-Geese and pied Shags and other such Sea-Fowls as Pinks and Sea-mews what else the Island affords I cannot tell I made a Fire on the Shore in hopes to have some answer of it on the Main but had not At Noon I went aboard and sent my Boats a-shore again for more Wood and Water whilst the Weather permitted landing November 30. This Forenoon I was over on the main side the Ship lay off and in I went ashore with my Boat on an Island which lieth adjacent to the Main There runs a Channel between that and the Main and many Rocks lie in it and foul Ground so as I durst not venture the Ship in it This Island shewed as if it had been the Main till I went to it with the Boat being about four Leagues long from the North-point to the South-point and in some places a League broad The Island is of a mean height and in some places two Leagues broad and grown all over with Woods very thick the Timber is such like as is on the Isle of Socoro I could not see any kind of Mineral or Metal in it the Shore-side sandy in many places and rocky in others the Earth on this Island is of a sandy black soil but very wet with the continual Rains that are here Not finding this noted in my Draughts I called it after my own Name Narbrough's-Island I took possesion of it for his Majesty and his Heirs I could not see any People or any sign of them here South-east from Narbrough's-Island on the Main distant about three Leagues there runs into the Land a River or Sound and some broken ground lies before it The Shore-side is rocky and the Hills are high in the Land on both sides of it this opening lies in East and West I take it for that place which in the Draughts is called Saint Domingo This place lies in the Latitude of forty four Degrees fifty Minutes South and more to the Southward thereof lie many round coplin high Islands grown over with Woods all along the Coasts as far as I could see there lie Islands adjacent to the Main and they are of a great height This Day all the Bread in the Ship is expended all the Company of the Ship my self as well as any other eat Pease in lieu of Bread my Company are all indifferent well in health I thank God for it being seventy two in Company no Fish to be taken with Hooks many Porpusses seen and some Whales several Sea-Fowls seen swimming to day much Wind to Night at North-west I ride fast but doubtful of my Cable No-Man's Island lies in the Latitude of forty three Degrees forty seven Minutes South and in Longitude West from the Lizard in England seventy one Degrees thirty two Minutes And in Meridian distance from the Lizard of England one thousand one hundred and twenty six Leagues and one Mile and in Meridian distance from Cape-pillar East twenty two Leagues two Miles and two tenths and in Longitude East from Cape-pillar one degree twenty nine minutes 1 10. The variation of the Compass is ten Degrees Easterly here This Island is that which the Draughts make to lie at the south-South-end of the Island of Castro at the Mouth of the going in of that Channel which is between Castro and the Main the Draughts are false in laying down of this Coast for they
out of a Lake of fresh Water in a Valley amongst the Hills we made the Boat fast and marched all into the Land five or six Miles being stop'd from going further by Hills rising very steep and Mountains and impenetrable Woods we made several Fires but could not see any sign of them so far in the Land No Beast or other Creature to be seen many small streams of fresh Water come running from the snowy Mountains with great Falls from the steep Rocks we looked in many places of the Earth and in the streams of Water for Gold c. but found none nor any other Metal of Mineral Here grow on the Bushes many small red Berries much like Hurts very good to eat the Grass-Land is very loose and Boggy the Rocks are a kind of white Marble the Trees like those at Port Famen here are small Pepper-trees To Night I got on Board Calm Weather I rode fast with the Ship Here ends Sir John Narbrough's Manuscript Journal which we shall continue home to England from the MS Diary taken by Sir John's ingenious Lieutenant Nathaniel Pecket Wednesday January 11. Fair Weather Wind variable from South-east to South-west This Morning we made the best of our way to get into Port Famen Here we had Fishes from the Shore to Fish our Main-mast At twelve a Clock we Anchored in nine Fathom Waaer This place afforded what we wanted as very good large Trees for Fishes good Water good wild Fowl good fish like Mullets and large Smelts here we fitted our Ships Masts and Rigging as well as we could Careen'd her and filled our Casks with good fresh Water and took as much Wood aboard as we thought fit January 16. Fair Weather and little Wind Westerly This Morning the Lieutenant was ordered to go up with the Boat in Segars River as high as he could with convenience and to see for Indians He went up about nine Miles but could nor get higher with the Boat by reason of the Trunk-timber and shoaliness in the Water So I landed and went up two Miles by Land to see for Indians but I could not see any not any thing worth the Observation How far the River runs up I know not for I saw not the end of it so I returned a-board again January 29. Fair Weather and little Wind at south-South-west This Morning the Captain went over with the Pinnace to the South-shore to see for Indians and if there were and Harbour for Shipping short of Port Famen This day came an Indian to the Point of Port Famen and made a Fire and I went a-shore to see what he had but he had neither Bow nor Arrow nor any thing else to the value of the Farthing I would have had him come a-board with me but he would not as far as I understood by the Signs he made to me he had been a slave to some other Indians and had run away from them and was travelling home Tuesday January 31. Fair Weather Wind variable This Evening the Captain came a-board again having been over on the South-shore to see for an Harbour but could find none nor see any Indians Saturday February 4. Fair Weather Wind at West by North. This Morning at four a Clock we set Sail for Port Famen and at eleven a Clock we were short of Fresh-water Bay and at six a Clock in the Evening we Anchored in twelve Fathom Water in a fine sandy Bay about four Leagues to the Northward of Freshwater Bay February 5. Fair Weather but very much Wind at South-west and West-south-west This Morning the Captain sent me to Freshwater Bay to see for Indians but I saw none there so I returned again aboard February 7. Fair Weather Wind Northerly This Morning the Captain ordered me to take the Pinnace and to go along the North-shore and between Elizabeth's Island and the Shore to see for Indians In the Afternoon it blew hard Northerly that we could not row a head so I put back into a sandy Bay and went a-shore and stayed there all Night and in this Bay we haled the same and got a great many good and large Smelts Smelts of twenty Inches long and eight Inches about Wednesday February 8. Fair Weather Wind West-south-west This Morning at four a Clock I run down the Streights with the Pinnace keeping the Norht-shore a-board and run berwixt it and Elizabeth's Island but saw no Indians yet saw several places where they had been very lately and where they had built their Canowes From Cape Desiade to Elizabeths Island there is Wood and fresh Water plenty but from Elizabeths Island to Cape Virgin-Mary Wood and fresh Water is very scarce to come by This Afternoon at three a Clock I got a-board again and at four a Clock we came to an Anchor in eight Fathom Water black Sand we rid within a Mile of the North-shore St. Georges and St. Bartholomew's Island were both shut in one and they bore South-south-east of me and Elizabeths Island bore South and by East And here we rid with the Ship all Night February 9. Fair Weather Wind Westerly This Morning the Captain sent me to see for Indians but I could see none yet I fell with a good Harbour for small Vessels on the North-side and at the South-end of a great deep Bay thwart of Elizabeths Island the entrance of this Harbour is not a Bow-shot from side to side I sounded it and there was twelve foot Water at a low Water but within there was three Fathom Water at low Water from the entrance of this Harbour to the upper end of it is about seven Miles Here is in this Harbour great stone of Geese and Ducks and a-shore there is great store of Heath-berries and Hicts and small Black-berries good and well-tasted but I saw no Indians so I returned a-board again the Captain went into another Harbour a Mile to the Southward of the second Narrow on the North-shore and sounded and had four Fathom Water in it it is very broad within and there is great store of Sea-Crabs Saturday February 11. Fair Weather Wind variable This day the Captain ordered me to go with the Pinnace and discover the North-shore and if I could with convenience discover some part of the South and to go to the first Narrow and there to stay for the Ship so I went through the second and landed on the South-side in a fine sandy Bay or Cove expecting to fall with Indians for I saw a many Fires up in the Land I went up about five or six Miles but could see no Indians Then the Night coming on I returned again to the Boat and there we pitched a Tent to lie in and lay all Night and at High-water we set the same thwart a Pond of Water and there it stood until Low-water then we halled the Pond all over and haled a-shore about 700 good and large Fish like Mullets This Land is very dry barren Land and nothing to be seen in it worth the Observation
Flawes Commander being bound upon the Discovery with us At Eight at Night the Naz◠Land boar West North about six Leagues we steered away North-east and North-north-east Monday May 29. The Wind at South-west and West-south-west a fresh Gale with Showers of Rain Course per Compass between the North-east and the North distance sailed by the Log 73 Miles true Course Protracted since last Night Eight a Clock to this Day Noon is North 28 d. East difference of Lat. 68 Miles and departure East from the Naze Land 36 Miles Lat. by Judgment as in the Margent Thick cloudy Weather Tuesday May 30. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Wind variable from South-west to the South-east thick cloudy Weather and a fresh Gale Course per Compass North-north-west and North-west by North distance sailed by the Log 95 Miles true Course is North 28 d. West distance of Lat. 83 Miles departure West 45 Miles Lat. per Judgment Meridian distance West nine Miles Wednesday May 31. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with Calms and Rains Courses per Traverse true Course Protracted with all impediments allowed is North 43 d. West 60 Miles difference of Lat. 42. Miles departure West 40 Miles Lat. per Judgment 54 d. 13 m. Lat. by a good Observation at Noon 55 d. 30 m. at which time the Land between New-Castle and Berwick bore West about 8 or 9 Leagues Meridian distance Current from the bearing of the Land and the Lat. is 88 Miles 50 Fathom Water saw two Ships standing to the Southward but would not show their Colours Thursday June 1. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale from the West by South to the South-west Course per Compass between the North and the North-west distance sailed by the Log 76 Miles true Course Protracted is North 16 d. West Lat. by a good Observation 56 d. 41 m. departure West 21 Miles At nine in the Morning we gave Chase to a Scotch Fisherman and at Noon came up with her and bought some Fish of him at Noon a hard Gale steered away North being about seven or eight Leagues from the Land between Montross and Edenburgh we steered along the Course North by East till eight a Clock Friday June 2. From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with fair Weather Course per Compass North distance sailed by the Log 117 Miles but by a good Observation 120 Miles Lat. 58 d. 41 m. Winds from the West-south-west to the South-west At two a Clock a great gust of Wind at North-west with Rain we hand our Top-sails and at three it blew a Storm of Wind we lay a Try under a Main-sail till ten a Clock then sent our Fore-sail Saturday June 3. From yesterday Noon to this day Noon true Course Protracted Leeward way and all impediments allowed is North East 42 Miles Lat. by a good Observation is 59 d. 23 m. Meridian distance from the Naze Land is 100 Miles at Noon saw a small Island called Foril lying to the South of Shetland bearing West-north-west about four Leagues in the Afternoon little Wind. Note that we found the Ship more to the Westward than expected being caused by a variation of 6 or 7 d. East Sunday June 4. This Forenoon little Wind with Calms till about 12 at Noon at which time sprung up a Gale West-north-west blowing very hard we ply to windward and turned into Brace-Sound and anchored in nine Fathom Water right against the Town called Lerwick here is the remains of a Fort that was built in the time of War with Holland but upon the Peace with the Hollanders it was demolished for fear any other Nation might come and take it and so keep it Saturday June 10. Rid still till Saturday seven a Clock at which time Weighed the Wind at South-west we took in a Pilot and sailed out through the North end of Brace Sound having three Fathom Water over the shallowest place Sunday June 11. At four in the Morning Scau bore West by North about six Leagues a fresh Gale at south-South-west hasey Weather From four in the Morning till twelve at Night Course North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 35 Miles true Course allowed from the bearing of the Land is North-east 41 Miles difference of Lat. 30 Miles Lat. by Judgment 61 d. 26 m. Meridian distance from Shetland 30 Miles East From yesterday Noon to this Day Noon a strong Gale at South-west West-south-west West and West-north-west Course per Compass North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 147 Miles difference of Lat. 135 Miles departure East 56 Miles Lat. by Judgment 63 d. 42 m. Meridian distance East 86 Miles thick cloudy Weather at Noon little Wind. Tuesday June 13. From yesterday Noon to this Day little Wind and variable with Calms from the North-west to North-north-east we ply to windward True Course Protracted all impediments allowed is North-north-east 23 Miles difference of Lat. 21 Miles North departure East 8 Miles Lat. by Judgment 64 d. 03 m. Meridian distance 94 Miles Lat. by a good Observation 64 d. 03 m. Wednesday June 14. From the 13. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with fresh Gales Rains and little Winds Course per Traverse between the North-east and the North distance sailed by the Log 92 Miles true Course Protracted all impediments allowed is North 18 d. difference of Lat. 81 Miles departure East 30 Miles Meridian distance 124 Miles Thursday June 15. From the 14. Noon to this Day Noon the Winds variable with Calms from the West to the South-west Course per Compass North-north-east distance sailed by the Log 67 Miles true Course Protracted with allowance is North 22 ½ d. East difference of Lat. 62 Miles departure East 26 Miles Lat. per Judgment 66 d. 26 m. Meridian distance 150 Miles East At Noon broke our Main Topsail-Yard being rotten in the Slings thick hasey Weather Friday June 16. From the 15. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West-north-west and West-south-west with Rains and thick Weather Course per Compass North-north-east and North-east by North distance sailed per Log 126 Miles true Course Protracted is North 30 d. East difference of Lat. 108 Miles departure East 63 Miles Lat per Judgment 68 d. 14 m. Meridian distance 223 Miles Saturday June 17. From the 16. Noon to this Day Noon a fresh Gale at West-north-west and West with Rain and cloudy Weather Course per Compass North-east distance sailed by the Log 127 Miles difference of Lat. 90 Miles departure East 90 Miles Lat per Judgment 69 d. 48 m. Meridian distance 303 Miles but by a good Observation at Noon Lat. 69 d. 53 m. difference of Lat. between the Dead Reckoning and Observation is 9 Miles which imputed to a westerly variation which is found by an Azimuth 7 d. Meridian distance Corrected is 300 Miles fair Weather Sunday June 18. From the 17. Noon to this day Noon the Wind from West-north-west to the
Voyages to the North-East at the Charge of the United Provinces in the last of which he was compell'd to winter in Nova Zembla about the 75 deg of North Lat. In these Voyages they Discovered Bear or Cherry-Island and went upon Greenland These Dutch Navigations were written by Gerart de Veer and contain great variety of curious Observations to which Mr. Boyle owns himself much beholden in the composing his History of Cold. They conversed with and described the Samoyeds coasted Nova Zembla giving Names to several Points Capes Bays Islands c. They discovered the Bernacle Goose or Clakis sitting upon their Eggs under the 80th deg North Lat. They give good Descriptions of the Whales Morses Birds c. and relate Phoenomena of Cold during their melancholy winter Abode there with ingenuity and judgment An. Dom. 1611. That worthy Seaman Sir Thomas Button Servant to Prince Henry pursued the North-West Discoveries at the instigation of that glorious young Prince He passed Hudsons Streight and leaving Hudsons Bay to the South sailed above 200 Leagues to the South-West-ward over a Sea above 80 Fathom deep and discovered a great Continent called by him New Wales where after much misery and sickness in his wintering at Port Nelson he beat and searched the whole Bay with great Industry called afterwards Button's Bay even back again almost to Digge's Island He discovered the great Land he called Cary's Swans-nest Many men were lost during his abode in that River named by him Port Nelson in North Lat. 57 deg 10 min. tho he kept three Fires in his Ship all the Winter and was supply'd with great store of white Partridges and other Fowl of which his Company is reported to have kill'd 1800 Dozen besides some Deer Bears and Foxes on the Shores of those North-West Bays grows abundance of Orpine Sorrel and Scurvygrass very much Angelica whose Root the Gronelanders eat They kill Morses and make their Cords or Ropes of Whalebone In the years 1610 1612 1615 1626. Mr. Hudson James Hall and William Baffin proceeded much further in the North-West Parts giving Names to their several Discoveries which may be seen in the Northern Maps and in the Collection of Voyages as also in our Supplement at the end The King of Denmark observing the progress of his Neighbours in the Northern Seas began to send out Ships for making Discoveries in the year 1605 1606 1607 but these performed little At last in the year 1619 he equipp'd John Munck with two Ships who tracing Forbisher and Hudson came to the 63 deg 20 min. where he was forced to winter and called it Muncks Harbour and the Country New Denmark It seems to be near Diggs Island See Muncks Voyage Printed in French at Paris also our Supplement at the end In 1608. Henry Hudson was sent out by the English Company to discover the North Pole he proceeded to the 82 deg of Lat. as also did Thomas Marmaduke of Hull 1612. who saw divers Islands beyond that and gave names to divers Places upon Greenland He went upon Nova Zembla in June and July and observed Deer feeding here and there on green places tho at that very time of the year it freezes in that Climate In the year 1610. the Company began to apply themselves to the killing of Morses and to the Whale Fishing which they found most plentiful about Cherry Island and Greenland they began also to find those long Bones commonly called Unicorns Horns In the years 1611 1612 1613 1614 1617 1619 1620 1622. the English Company finding these Northern Expeditions so very profitable encreas'd the number of their Shipping to 13 or 14 yearly under the Conduct of Poole Fotherby Edge Heley and others who gave names to several Sounds and Points c. Yet we find little worth relating of Greenland till 1630. in which year some English commanded by Captain Goodler were forced to wander up and down the Country and to Winter there A full Relation whereof being Published by Dr. W. Watts we shall refer the Reader thereunto Some English also wintered in Greenland in the year 1633. and another Company in 1634 the last all perished there In these several Navigations to Greenland our Men gave Names to many places as Hackluit's Headland Whale-Bay Horn-Sound from the long Bones call'd the Unicorns Ice-Point Bell-Point Lowness-Isle Black-Point Cape-Cold Ice-Sound Knotty-Point Deer-Sound Smiths-Bay Hope-Island Edges Island Wyches Island Bear-Island Charles Island Afterwards the Dutch gave other Names of their own to these places which has bred some confusion in Maps and Books Our men that wintered in Greenland 1630. lost the light of the Sun October 14. and saw him not again till February 3. Those that staid there in 1633 say that Octob. 5. was the last day they perceived the light of the Sun tho they had a twilight by which they could read till Octob. 17. On the 22. the Stars were plain to be seen all the 24 hours and so contiuued all Winter Jan. 15. they perceived for 6 or 7 hours about noon so much light as to read by it Feb. 12. they saw the Rays of the Sun upon the tops of the Mountains and the next day his whole Body Our men that remained in Greenland 1634. left in writing before they perished that the Sun disappeared October 10. and was seen again Feb. 14. The Dutch that wintered in Nova Zembla in 1596. lost the Sun on Novemb. 4. but the Moon in her highest degrees was seen night and day Jan. 24. they saw the edge of the Sun above the Horizon The difference of these appearances doth not proceed from different Refractions but from the difference of Latitude in which the English and Dutch wintered tho the cold in Nova Zembla exceeded that felt in Greenland In these Countries there is a continued Day for four or five months in the year as well as a perpetual Night for three months so for the most part there is either all Light or all Darkness The English that were necessitated to winter in Greenland liv'd upon Venison of which there is great store perhaps 't is of the Rhin-deer upon Morses Bears Foxes c. The Bears Flesh was tolerably pleasant and wholsom but the Liver made their skins peel off which was also observed by the Dutch that wintered in Nova Zembla As the Sun and Day-light began to appear the Fowls and Foxes crept abroad for which they set Traps and Springs and so took vast numbers The Foxes proved wholsom Food for by it the Dutch were also relieved in their Scurveys In May they found great store of Eggs laid by Willocks The cold had prodigious Effects on our Men in Greenland and on the Dutch in Nova Zembla as blistering and ulcering their Flesh freezing their Sack and Spirits stopping their Clocks freezing everything by the fire side all which Captain James suffer'd in the Island of Charleton tho only in the 51 Deg. of North Lat. whereas the English and Dutch winter'd in 75 and 78 Deg.
of North Lat. In the building of Houses Tents and Cabins upon these melancholy occasions 't was found expedient to make them under ground and to line them with the skins of Beasts thereby to keep out the sharp impressions of the air Authors are a little confus'd in the History of Whales some reckon up 10 Species but Wormius and Bartholine make them up 22. giving them various Names from their difference in Colours in Fins in Teeth in Whalebone in Spouts in Oyl in Sperma Ceti c. Rondeletius Gesner Bellonius Schonveld Faber Clusius and Tulpius seem indeed to describe 6 or 7 distinct sorts of Whales as the Balaena Vulgaris the Balaena Vera the Orca or Balaena dentata perhaps our Grampus the Physeter or Whirle-Pool the Cete or Pot-Walfish the Monoceros or Unicorn Whale The Trumpa Whale or Spouter may perhaps be the Physeter and the Sperma Ceti Whale the Pot-Walfish thothe Spout and Sperma Ceti may be common to many of them We find in the Philosophical Transactions Numb 205. An Account of Whales by Sir Thomas Sybbalds who has had opportunities of viewing them on the Coasts of Scotland and therefore seems to be more exact than other Writers but we having never read this Book must be content to refer the Reader to it expecting in the mean time more clear distinctions of them from the Excellent Mr. Ray in his intended Synopsis of Fishes and Birds Anno Dom. 1653. The King of Denmark resolv'd to advance the Northern Trade and Discoveries and therefore equipp'd and set out three Ships with Orders to take the most exact Account of all the Coasts and Places they came at and to Report them at their return with all possible Curiosity that thereby the Voyage might be every way beneficial They passed the Weygat Streights and found some Inhabitants of Nova Zembla in their Canoes or little Fishing-Boats These people were very nimble on Foot and were cloath'd with Vestments of the Skins of great Birds like Penguins and Pelicans with the Feathers upon them Their Boots were made of the Hides of Morses or great Seals they had Quivers at their backs full of Arrowes with a Hatchet of Fish-Bones their Temper untractable and indocil abhorring our Beer Spirits and Meats Leaving Nova Zembla they streer'd to Greenland These Countries afford no Trees or Shrubs except a little Juniper and a few dwarf Firs abundance of Moss Heath a sort of Cabbage Lettice Scurvygrass Sorrel Snake-weed Harts-tongue a kind of Strawberry divers species of Ranunculus and Houseleek In the Holes and Rocks infinite quantity of Fowls Nests whose dung with the Moss washed down makes a mould in the Valleys or Clefts which produce the aforementioned Plants otherwise the Country is generally made up of vast heaps of Rocks broken Stones and Ice heaped up from many Generations Of Water-Fowb there is incredible variety and in so great abundance that with their flight they darken the Sun and cover the Sea There are also great quantities of Dog-Fishes Lobsters Gernels Star-Fish Mackrel Dolphins c. a sort of Sea-Spider found in Whales Stomachs For all which see the French Relations of the Danish Voyages Printed at Paris both by M. Peyrere and Martiniere Anno Dom. 1630. Captain Luke Fox was sent out in His Majesties Pinnace the Charles Victualed for 18 Months young Sir John Wolstenhome being Treasurer to search out a North-West Passage He traced Frobisher Hudson Davis Baffin and Button meeting with Whales much Ice and Fowls He built a Pinnace in River Nelson where he found several remains left there by Sir Thomas Button he observed abundance of small spruce Fir-Trees on both sides that River almost covered with moss and other sorts of Trees but small the Valleys had good grass Black-Berries Strawberries Vetches Venison c. but no Natives or Inhabitants to be met with in this place tho in other parts of these Seas he saw several Savages Captain James departing from England soon after Captain Fox upon the same design they both met and caress'd each other near Port Nelson in the month of August Fox got home before winter but the other was forced to stay till the next Summer Of which more in the following Paragraph and in our Supplement at the end Anno 1631. The most ingenious Captain Thomas James was employ'd by the inquisitive Merchants of Bristol to attempt and discover a north-North-West Passage into the South-Sea and was designed for so difficult a work by King Charles the First who was pleased to command him to publish his Voyage in the year 1633. wherein he gives a very accurate and judicious Account of the hardships both in going wintering returning as also of the Streights Capes Bays Tydes Soundings Variations of the Compass and of the Natural Rarities both Philosophical and Mathematical together with a Plat or Card and divers Tables Out of this Journal Mr. Boyle confesses that he took many Passages and Phaenomena related in his History of Cold. This excellent Navigator seems to be of opinion that there is no passing by the North-West to China Japan c. His Reasons may be read at large in his Journal printed at London in Quarto 1633. Yet in the year 1667. this design was renewed and undertaken by several of the Nobility of England and Merchants of London who equipp'd and sent out Zachariah Gillam Commander in the Nonsuch Ketch he passed through Hudson's Streights then into Baffins Bay to the Latitude of 75. from thence Southerly to the Lat. of 51. or thereabruts in a River now called Prince Ruperts River he found here a Friendly Correspondence with the Natives built a Fort called Charles Fort returned with good success and laid the Foundation of an advantageous Trade in those parts But in the year 1687. this place was seized upon by the French See more of Captain James's Voyage and Discoveries in our Supplement at the end Anno 1671. Frederick Martens an Hamburger undertook the Greenland Voyage upon a desire as may be suppos'd in great part to satisfie the Curiosity and Enquiries of the Royal Society which be performed in his admirable Diary printed in High Dutch in Quarto being assisted therein by the famous Fogelius Anno 1676. The industrious and most ingenious Captain Wood was again sent out by his Majesty King Charles the Second to make a more perfect Discovery of the North-East Parts for a passage to the East-Indies He went no further than the 76 Degree of North Lat. where he lost his Ship on the Coast of Nova Zembla His opinion is there is no sailing this North-East Way to China Japan c. The like opinion Captain James hath given of the North-West Passage being both perswaded thereunto by the stretching of the Land by the distraction and reversion of half Tides by the motion of the Ice c. besides the Fogs Snow Frosts vast Islands of Ice and the Weather are insuperable Mr. Witsen in his Letter to the Royal Society Anno 1691. writes
Spaniards at Baldavia and left behind by Sir John Narbrough p. 111 Freshwater Bay see Elizabeth Island Highway Thomas Linguist on board Sir John Narbrough taken Prisoner by the Spaniards in Baldavia there p. 112 S. James's Fort in the hands of the Spaniards p. 86. The intercourse there between Sir John Narbrough's Lieutenant and the Captain of the Fort p. 87. Their entertainment p. 88 89 Indians of the Country about Port S. Julian their Habit c p 49 50 51 A further account of them p. 53 Indians of Elizabeth Island their Character p. 63 64 65 66 70 Indians of Chile described p. 103 Lizzard in Engl. Its Latitude p. 2 Madera a Description thereof p. 2 3 Magellan the Streights of not passable for Ice at the latter end of April p. 45. A Description of the Magellannick Streights p. 61 c. The length thereof from Cape Virgin Mary to Cape Desseada p. 78. The safest way to enter these Streights p. 116 117 c. Le Mair's Island described p. 37. When so named ibid. St. Maries Isle its Latitude p. 95. It s Pruduct and Air p. 96 Mayo Isle a Desription thereof p. 4 5 Mocha Island its Description Latitude c. p. 95 Mullets 700 caught at a time p. 125 Narbrough Sir John receives his Commission p. 1. Goes on Board the Sweepstakes ibid. Arrives at Madera p. 2. Steers for St. Jago p. 4. Causes his Men to be let blood and why ibid. and p. 14. Going a shore at Mayo he brings off some Salt p. 5. Buys Provisions of the Islanders ibid. Comes to Port Praya in St. Jago Isle and what happen'd p. 6 7. Is ordered to Sail to the Sireights of Magellan p. 8. His Instructions to Mr. Fleming of the Batchellor Pink for the better finding each other after separation by Storm or otherwise p. 12 13. His Order be kept on Board and his Observations p. 14. 15. Description of the Country about Cape Blanco p. 21. Loses sight of the Batchellor Pink p. 23. His project to discover the People of the Country about Seals Bay ineffectual p 29 30. Kills 400 Seals p. 30. Takes possession of Port Desier and all the Land in the Country thereabouts for King Charles II. p. 40. Sails for Port St. Julian p. 42. He Eats Foxes and Kites p. 49. Twelve of his Men lame the manner thereof p. 52. Returns to Port Desier p. 56. Enters the Mouth of the Streights of Magellan p. 60. Goes ashore on Elizabeth Island p. 63. His conference with 19 Indians ibid. and 64 65 66. His way of sailing p. 85. Discourses with the Spaniards of St. James's Fort p. 90 c. Sends Men ashore in St. Mary Isle and why p. 96 97. His discourse to two Indians p. 102. His Letter to Lieutenant Armiger p. 104. Returns from Baldavia and what way p. 112 113 c. His Journal continued and by whom p. 121. Sets sail from Port Desier for England Pass Cape Blanco Cape Virgin Mary St. Michaels p. 127 128. Puts into Angria in the Terceras p. 128. Within sight of Scilly p. 129 Narbrough's Island its Products and Description p. 81 82 Noman's Island its Latitude and Description p. 83 Nuestra Senora di Socoro an Island its Meridian and Longitude p. 80. Described p. 80 81 Ostriches about Seals Bay their shape and colour p 29 30 Penguin Island described p. 24 25. It s Latitude p. 41. A vast numbers of Penguins here p. 56. A Penguin what p. 58 59 Port Desier described p. 25 26. It s Latitude p. 41. Sir John Narbrough returns thither p. 127 Port Praya a Description thereof p. 7 8 Port St. Julian and the Country thereabout described p. 42 to p. 56 The distance between it and the Flat Island p. 43. It s Longitude Latitude and Meridional distance p. 44. Vast quantities of Salt here p. 45 Port Famen Its Desription and Latitude p. 67 68. An account of the Pruduct of the Country and River thereabout p. 69 121 Seals a desription of them p. 30 31 Seals Bay described and the Country thereabouts p. 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Smelts of an extraordinary bigness p. 123 Spaniards at Fort St. James in Baldavia their Policy to surprize Sir John Narbrough together with the Ships Crew p. 89. Are kind to Lieutenant Armiger c. p. 98 Spiring's Bay a Description thereof p. 24 Sweepstakes her Burthen how Mann'd Victuall'd c p. 1. Her Cargo p. 2. Crew reduced to eat Pease instead of Bread p. 8â— Tasman Abel Jansen Sails from Batavia with two Ships the Heemskirk Yacht and Seehane Fly-Boat towards the Terra incognita Australis in which Voyage be sets down many things worth notice but his Tract being but a short Journal of the same de die in diem I refer the Reader to it without drawing any Contents thereof from p. 131. to 143 Vessels Spanish several sorts of 'em p. 107 108 Wood's Bay why so call'd p. 71 Wood Captain John his delightful and profitable Relation of a Voyage for discovery of a North-East Passage to China and Japan from p. 143 to p. 155. His Journal thereof from p. 155 to p. 171. Contents of Frederick Martens Voyage into Spitzbergen and Greenland OF the Voyage from the Elbe to Spitzbergen Pag. 1 Of their Voyage home again from Spitzbergen to the Elbe p 14 Of the external Fate and appearance of Spitzbergen p. 29 Of the Sea and divers Storms and Tempests p. 16 Of vast Mountains and Fields of Ice and the great difficulty of sailing p. 39 Of the Air and wonderful changes of the Weather p. 45 Of the Plants of Spitzbergen Of a Plant with Aloe-Leaves Of small Housleek Of Crow's-Foot Of Scurvy-Grass Of an Herb like Stone-crap Of a Snakeweed Of an Herb like unto Mouse-Ear Of a Plant like unto Periwinkle Of an Herb like a Strawberry Of a Rock Plant from p. 55. to p 70 Of the Animals but chieâ—ly the Birds about Spitzbergen Of Birds with Toes or divided Feet 1. Of a Snite 2. Of the Snow Bird. 3. Of the Ice Birds Of the broad or webfooted Birds Of the Rathsher Of the Pigeon Of the Lumb Of the Mew called Kutge-gebef Of the Burgemeister Of the Rotgis Of the Struntjager or Dung-hunter Of the diving Parrot Of the mountain Duck. Of the Kirmew Of the Mallemuck The Red Geese a Bird called John of Ghent like a Stork from p. 72. to p. 98 Of four footed Beasts Of the Hart and Deer Of the Fox Of the white Bear Of the Sea-Dogs called Rubbs and Seales Of the Sea-Horse or Morse from p. 99 to 112 Of Crustaneous Fish Of the Sea Craw-fish without a Tail or Sea Spider Of the Garnels or Prawns Of the lesser Garnels or Shrimps Of the Louse of the Whale Of the Star-fish two sorts Of the Macarel Of the Dragon-fish Of the Dolphin Of the Butskopf or Places â—ead Of the Saw-fish or Sword fish Of the white Fish Of the Unicorn Of the Hay several sorts from p. 113 to p. 129
firma not far from Cartagean The most Gold in all the Land of America is in Chile as what is known at this time But I find the Spaniards have but little knowledge of the Land all along to the Southward from Baldavia to the Streights Mouth as far as I can understand by them excepting at the Island of Castro There they have a Settlement and on the Main against Castro at a place called Orsono At these two places they have good store of Gold and there are many Indians but farther Southerly than Castro they know nothing of the Country or of the Sea-Coast Castro lieth in the Latitude of 43 d. 30 m. the South end of the Island and the North end lies in the Latitude of 41 d. 40 m. It is a fine Island and near the Main there grows good Wheat on it The Spaniards are but few in number there but there are many Indians and those too valiant and of a large stature but not Giants as I understand These Indians have Wars with the Spaniards and will not suffer them to search the Country for Wealth A Ship brought from Lima Provisions for the City of Baldavia and the Forts and Cloaths and Ammunition and Wines and Tobacco and Sugar and she lades away from Baldavia Gold and Bezoar Stone and red Wool c. and Indian Slaves that the Spaniards take here in these parts they carry them to Peru and make perpetual Slaves of them there and the Indians of Peru they bring hither and make Soldiers of them against the Chile-Indians of which Soldiers there are many hereabout whom my Men saw when they were at the Fort. There were about thirty Indians and Musteses Soldiers there and some sixteen white Men who were Officers Moreover the Spaniards make use of the Peru-Indians to Trade with the Chile-Indians for Gold although they are at Wars For they of Chile without doubt are desirous of Trade whereby they may furnish themselves with Knives and Scissers and Combs c. which are wanting among them as also with Arms that many times by stealth are sold to them although they be prohibited Traders will be dealing so as they can get benefit they do not consider the future danger by its means provided it miss them at the present I asked them how far it was to Baldavia they answered me three Leagues and that the Boats could go up to it and that it was situated by the side of the River and the Plains and that there were five great Ordnances in a Fort to command the City and that there were one thousand Inhabitants in the City of all sorts of Men Women and Children I asked him if there were any passage by Land from Baldavia to the other parts of Chile they said there was and they sent every Week but they went with good Guards to go secure from the Indians Then I asked them if they built Shipping here they said no but at Velperrazeo they did build great Ships I asked them who lived in the Island of Mocha they said Indians many Men and Women and that they were Poco amigo ' s to them in English they were but small Friends to the Spaniards There are many Sheep Goats Hogs and Hens which the Indians will sell for Hatchets Knives and Beads As to the Island of St. Mary the Spaniards are Masters of it and have a Fort on it with five Guns but few Spaniards live there it is plentiful of Provisions as Hogs and Sheep and Corn and Potatoes and they said there is some Gold that the Indians have on the Island of Mocha but they will not part from it The Spaniards did not care for answering me to such things as I would gladly have heard of these parts for I laid the Draught of all that Coast on the Table before them and asked them who lived at this Port and who lived at that at some places they would say the Spaniards lived there and at some the Indians but they did not care to answer my desires but frame other Discourses to wave mine I find that they are but little acquainted on the Coasts to the Southward of Baldavia they say they have Spaniards living on the Island of Castro and that much Corn grows there more especially European Wheat and that on the Main there are Spaniards living at a place called Orsono which is against Castro and that there they have Gold and there are many Indians I asked him if Shipping could go in between Castro and the Main they could not tell me or would not but they said some Ships went thither which come from Lima with Furniture for the People The Anchoring at the Island of Mocha is on the North-north-east part of it in a sandy Bay in eight Fathom Water near the Shore a North-east Wind is the worst Wind for the Road on the South-side of Mocha there lies a ledg of Rocks and some broken Rocks on that part of the Island scattered from the Shore The Anchoring at the Island of St. Mary is on the North-side in a fine sandy Bay in eight or nine Fathom Water a fine Birth from the Shore the North-north-west Wind is the worst Wind for that Road. There is Wood and fresh Water on both the Islands as the Spaniards report The Tides are but mean on the Coast and the Flood comes from the Southward and rise about eight or nine feet Water The Island of Mocha lies in the Lat. of 38 d. 30 m. South The Island of St. Mary lies in the Lat. of 37 d. 14 m. South They have Apples and Plums and Pears and Olives Apricocks Peaches Quinces Oranges Lemmons and many other Fruits There are also Musk-Melons and water-Melons c. These Spaniards report it to be the finest Country in the whole World and that the people live with the greatest Luxury of any on the Earth they enjoy their Health with so much delight and have so much Wealth and Felicity that they compare the Land to Paradise abounding above other Countries with all Delights for Mankind I saw a good Testimony of the healthiness of the Country for these four Men who are on Board are as well-complexioned Men as ever I saw in my days and the People a-shore both Men and Women of the Spaniards are well-complexioned People of a ruddy colour and seem to be mighty healthy Some of the Men are very corpulent and look as if they came from a very plentiful Country where there is great store of Provisions and abundance of Gold and Silver December 17. 1670. There went a-shore in the Boat eighteen of my best Men I had in the Ship and Men of good Observation to inspeâ— into matters of this Concern which I had acquainted them with as touching the manner of the Harbour and the Fortifications the Spaniards have and the disposition of the People and that it was my whole desire to have Conference with the Natives of the Country that are at Wars with the Spaniards if by
English Haven on the other side is the place where the dead are buried this is something even like earth but it is levelled on purpose Behind these Houses are high Mountains if one climbeth upon these as we do on others and doth not mark every step with Chalk one doth not know how to get down again When you go up you think it to be very easie to be done but when you are to descend it is very difficult and dangerous so that many have fallen and lost their lives The River there is called the South Harbour or Bay and if the Ships suffer any damage at Sea they refit there At the entry into the South Harbour in the Valley between the Mountains is collected great quantities of fresh Water from the Snow and Rain upon the shoar stand abundance of Kardels or Barrels we used this Water for our Victuals and other occasions it is also found in the Clifts of the Icy-hills on shoar but true Springs out of the Ground I never saw in Spitzbergen The shoar there is not very high but the water is deep there was no Ice at all to be seen in it from whence I conclude that it had not been a severe Winter for it is impossible that the Ice could have been melted in so short a time not only here but also in the English Haven or Bay where the Ice stood firm still and hardly lay above half a Fathom under water The Ice doth melt much sooner in Salt-water than in fresh River-water but yet it is impossible that so thick Ice could have melted in so short a time We saw also that the Snow melted on the tops of the high Rocks and the water ran down although it was there much colder then below yet above and below it melted alike differently from what I observed since in Spain in the Month of December 1672. the wind being North-west when the Rain fell below about a quarter of a League yet above it the Mountains were all covered with Snow all in the streight Line one not higher than the other as if they had been levell'd In the Northern Haven or Bay lyeth a very large Mountain flat at top this Island is called the Birds Song from the great number of them that build and hatch there for when they fly up they make so great a noise that one can hardly hear his own words This is marked with b in the Cut D. Beside these there are more Islands named in the Map as the Clifted Rock and such other The Rehenfeld is a low Land and it is called so from the Deer commonly seen there I was informed that it is all Slats that stand up edgewise so that it is very troublesome to go on it is all over-grown with Moss There is a Hill upon it that looketh like fire Behind the Rehenfeld are high Mountains again they are not pointed at top they lye as it were in a Line by the Rehenfeld runs up a River into the Country and is called the Halfmoon-Bay from its shape On the other side of the River is a Mountain flat at the top and full of cracks all filled up with Snow Then cometh the Liefde-Bay Bay of Love where two Hills stand together very like unto Spitzbergen at Magdalens Bay and those two Harbours are very much like one another Then we come to lower Ground behind the Muscle Harbour where the Grass was so high that it covered our ankles as far as we went Next is the Weihgatt or the Straights of Hindelopen The Weihgatt is called so from the Winds for weihen signifieth blowing because a very strong South-wind bloweth out of it On the Bear-Haven upon the Land are all red stones Behind the Weihg att followeth the South-west Land which is also low it seemeth as if it was adorned with small Hills then follow the seven Islands which we could see We saw no Ships go any farther neither could I understand that ever any Ships did go farther nor can they go so far every year towards the East because of the danger of the Ice that swimmeth and is brought from thence by the wind and stream In May and June is the best fishing in the Ice between the Island of John Mayen and Spitzbergen In July and August the Whales run Eastward by Spitzbergen we saw at the latter end many Whales that run to the Weigatt It is unknown whether the Haven of this Weigatt goeth through the Country or no. But this is not that Weigatt whereof so many things are written More I do not knwo of this Country Rocks and Snow and Ice-hills we find in abundance there and the Creatures that live upon them I shall describe hereafter CHAP. II. Of the SEA THE Waves begin to raise themselves at first from a small breeze of wind and by the increase and continuance of the breeze they grow longer higher and bigger The Sea is not immediately made rough in the beginning of high winds but the Waves swell by degrees and slowly until they come to be as bigg as Mountains then they expand and break themselves and fall over with dashing and foaming as you may see by k in the Cut D Then the following Wave from behind raisith it again with much curled and foaming Scum neatly spotted with the white Foam looking like Marble This breaking and foaming of the Waves is successively repeated So the swelling Waves continually follow one another moving before the wind with a quick motion but when these Waves are short they dash over the Ship and break much so that the Ship is hardly able to live In stormy weather little Waves curle on the top of the great ones and lesser again upon them The Ships do not feel these smaller Waves but only the great ones that are called Sea-Mountains which heave and mount the Ship with them but nevertheless she always keeps her strait way through these unpathed Waves which is wonderful to behold In a hard storm the froth of the Sea drives like dust and looketh as when the wind driveth the Snow along upon the Ice or as the Dust of the Earth does in dry weather and you see the Sea every where to look like curled Ice that when it is a freezing is hindred from it by the wind all covered with a white foam and one Wave blows over the precedent with a great roaring and noise as if a Water-mill were a going and this same noise the Ships make likewise when they cut through the Sea It is also to be observed that the Waves dash against one another when the wind changeth and cross over through one another with great dashing over the Ships before they move all one and the same way I did not observe here the Seawater so clear nor found it so salt as near the Ice it may be by reason of the shallow ground or bottom and the many fresh Rivers that run into it or because the Frost cleareth the water more Concerning the manner of
set upon him with their Teeth but with very great labour and hazard of his company he escaped Death though sore wounded Frequently also they sleep on the shore and if they have convenience upon an high and steep place They always go in great companies and set one to keep watch which if surprized asleep 't is an easie matter to kill all the rest but if he give warning by grunting they clap their hinder Feet under their two Tusks and so roll into the Sea But if they be caught on plain ground yet are they hardly slain being both strong and fierce and all hasting one way to the Water The Dutch at first were very much troubled to kill them their Shot the Beast valued not much their Hatchets and Half-pikes would not pierce them nor did they think they could be killed except struck with great force in the midst of the Forehead The first time they set upon them of 200 they could not kill one but went for their Ordnance to shoot them Our Men after a little experience found the way to dispatch them with Javelins as is before rehearsed Some imagine this to be John Mayen's Island but it seems rather that is not for the Northermost point of that is in 71 d. 23 m. whereas this is 74 d. 55 m. except the Dutch be not so accurate in their Observations and Calculations as were to be wish'd which I much suspect v. Nova-Zembla Besides Cherry-Island is round not frequented with Whales but Morsses Our Men also have travelled it on Foot from North to South which on Mayen's Island cannot be done and though they tell many particulars of the place yet they never mention the great Beerenberg Hope-Island indeed is a long Island lies much what as they say of Mayen's and hath been visited by the Whale-fishers but it is more North than they place their Island The itch of ascribing Discoveries to themselves hath brought as I fear Confusion both in this and many other matters of this nature JOHN MAYEN's Island JObn Mayen's Island so called from the name of the first Discoverer as the Dutch pretend seems by the English to be called Hope-Island or if not I know not whether the English have been upon it It seems not to be of any great consequence all that is spoken of it being that it extends in length from South-west to North-east The farther it shoots out in length the more contracted and narrower it grows in breadth so that in the middle the distance is very small between both Shores Before the Whale-fishing was removed to Greenland in the Summer-time this Island was much frequented by the Seamen whom Trade invited thither and the Island was well known to most of the Northern Adventurers of Europe but since the Whales have deserted those Shores and have removed their Sea-quarters farther to the North the Seamen and Fishermen have been forced to follow their Prey to Greenland For it seems the Whales either weary of the place or sensible of their own danger do often change their Harbours In the Spring time the western side of the Island is not so much enclosed with Ice as that which lies in the North where it runs out into the Sea with a sharp point behind the Mountain of Bears for on this side all the year long the Ice never removes from the Shore above ten miles and in the Spring time so besieges it that there is no passage through it For which reason the Mariners who are bound for this Island use all the care they can to avoid the Eastern and to make directly to the Western Shore there to lye while the Fishing-season continues if by miscarriage they come upon the East-side they are then forced to fetch a compass about the North part of the Island whereby they are not only exposed to the terrible winds that blow off from Bears-Mountain but also to the dangers of the floating Ice for here the Sea flows from South to North and ebbs from North to South At the Northern end of the Island appears the Bears-Mountain of a prodigious height and so perpendicularly steep that it is impossible to climb to the top of it This Mountain from the Bears there frequently seen called Beerenberg or the Bears-Mountain at the bottom takes up the whole space beween the Eastern and the Western Shore on the North side it leaves a little room for leveller ground to the Ocean and being of prodigious height may be descryed 30 miles off at Sea The Sea-coast lies thus 1. Noords-hoeck or the Northern Angle is the extream point shooting out to the North. 2. Oosthoeck is the most Eastern point Ysbergh mark'd 1 2 3 are three Mountains of Ice or rather vast heaps of congealed Snow which dissolved by the heat of the Sun falls from the top of Bears-Mountain but upon the Sun 's retiring freezes again 3. Zuydoost-hoeck is the South-east Angle From this point the Shore extends itself from East to West to a little Island and then winds again to the West and South in some places not passable by reason of its steepness in others smooth enough 4. Cleyn Sand-bay or Little Sand-bay Eyerland or Eggland being certain Rocks full of Birds here about a Musket shot from the shore the Sea is 60 fathom deep and a little farther The Habits of the Gronelanders Supplem t. Tab R. Pag. 187. the sounding line will not reach to the bottom 5. Groote Hoot-bay or great Wood-bay by reason of the great pieces of rotten Timber that are there found In this which is the narrowest part of the Island are certain Mountains not very steep from the top whereof any person calling them that stand upon either shore may be heard by both 6. Cleyn Hoot-bay or Little Wood-bay 7. English Bay and several others to which the Dutch have given such Names as they thought fit GRONELAND CAlled also Groenland Groinland and more anciently Engroenland lies as the Islanders say like an Half-moon about the North of their Countrey at the distance of four days sailing But it seems not to lye so much East but rather on the North of America From Cape Farewell in 60 deg 30 min. on the South it is unknown to how many degrees in the North. The East and West are encompass'd by two great Oceans but at what degrees of Longitude is not yet discover'd Only Mr. Fotherby found it near the Coast of Groneland in 71 deg and the South of Greenland to be above two hundred Laeagues It is said to have been discovered first by a Norwegian Gentleman whose Name was Eric Rotcop or Red Head who having committed a Murther in Iseland to save his Life resolved a adventure to andother Country whereof he had heard some obscure flying Reports He succeeded so well that he arrived in a safe Harbour called Sandstasm lying between two Mountainous Promontories the one upon an Island over against Groneland which he called Hâ—idserken on Wbite Sbirs because of the Snow