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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51926	The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.; Historiae de rebus Hispaniae. English	Mariana, Juan de, 1535-1624.; Camargo y Salgado, Hernando, 1572-1652.; Varen de Soto, Basilio, d. 1673.; Stevens, John, d. 1726.	1699 (1699)	Wing M599; ESTC R18800	1,371,898	749

say he was informed by one Marcus Polus a Florentine and others that he found out by his Skill in Astrology that there were vast Countreys towards the West undiscovered These his thoughts he communicated first to the King of Portugal then to Henry VII of England and being slighted by them both came to the Court of King Ferdinand There he waited 7 years and at last after the subduing of the Kingdom of Granada obtained of the King 3 Ships to attempt this Discovery It is wonderful that so great an Undertaking was begun only with 17000 Duccats which the King was forced to borrow his Revenue was so far exhausted Columbus set sail on the 3d of August from Palos de Moguer and having touched at the Canaries after several days sail and many difficulties he discovered certain Islands which he called The Princes Islands He spent some days there and leaving some of his Company in a Fort he built under the Command of James de Arana returned to Spain with the News of what he had discovered and some Proofs of the Riches of the Country The following year he continued to discover many other Islands the chiefest whereof were Hispaniola and Cuba Besides he Coasted a great part of the Continent as well towards the Southern as Northern Pole Columbus died in the year of Grace 1500 a Man worthy of Immortal Praise He was made Admiral of the Indies and Duke of Veraguas Rewards due to his great Merit Several others continued these Discoveries as well during his Life as after his Death Among these Americus Vespusius a Florentine by order of Emanuel King of Portugal in the year 1500 discovered all Brasil which is a great part of that Continent After much of the Northern Coast had been discovered by several Persons Vasco Nun̄ez de Balboa born at Badajoz was the first that adventured to pass that narrow Neck of Land that lies between Nombre de Dios and Panama and so came to the South Sea in the year 1513. These Discoveries of Columbus and Americus Vespusius raised a Controversie betwixt the Crowns of Castile and Portugal the latter pretending all the Discovery of the New World appertained to him by Grants of several Popes and particularly of Eugenius IV. On the other side the King of Castile pleaded a Bull of Pope Alexander VI. in the year 1493 which assigned to him all the Lands to the Westward of an imaginary Line drawn 100 Leagues beyond the Islands of Cabo Verde This Grant was afterwards altered by another which ordained the said Line to be drawn 370 Leagues farther towards the West to the end that Brasil might fall within the Portugues Limits Hierome Ozorio Bishop of Silves in the Life of King Emanuel affirms the said Line was appointed to be drawn 36 Degrees West of the Meridian of Lisbon Upon this Determination was grounded another Dispute the Castillians pretending that the Molucco Islands whence the Spice is brought fell within their Limits as being within that half of the World assigned them All this the Portugueses deny and each Party bring Arguments to make good their Assertions Certain it is that Ferdinand Magallanes a Portugues being disgusted because his King did not Reward his Services done in India perswaded the Emperor Charles V. Grandson to King Ferdinand that a new way might be found to the Moluco Islands by the South West He had 5 Ships given him for this Enterprize and sailed from Sevil in the year 1519. Having touched at the Canaries he Coasted all along Brasil and found a Streight in 53 Degrees of South Latitude which of him is called the Streight of Magellan At the entrance of that Streight one of the Ships struck upon a Rock and was lost another weary of that long Voyage stole away by night and returned to Sevil. With the rest he passed the Streight and was himself with some of his Companions killed in an Island called Zubu Those that were left being too few to Man all the Ships burnt one and with the other two came to the Moluco Islands They loaded in the Island of Tidore but one of them being very leaky was lost The other coming round by the Cape of Good Hope at last arrived at Sevil 3 years after his departure The Ship was called the Victory the Master John Sebastian Cano a Biscainer whose Name ought never to be forgotten as being the first that sailed round the World Many afterwards attempted that same Voyage but the Profit not answering the Trouble it was laid aside as also because King John of Portugal lent the Emperor Charles V. 350000 Duccats upon Condition he and his Heirs should desist from that Undertaking till the Money were repayed On the Right Hand of that Neck of Land which we have said lies between the North and South Seas is the Kingdom of New Spain and the City Mexico its Metropolis seated in the midst of a Lake Over this and many other large Provinces and Kingdoms Reigned the mighty Emperor Montezuma whom Ferdinand Cortes in the year 1520 with wonderful Resolution apprehended and made Prisoner in his own Palace He being killed accidentally by a Stone cast at a Window where he was looking out to appease his People Cortes brought those vast Provinces under the subjection of Charles the Emperor gained himself Eternal Honour and left to his Successors the Marquesses del Valle a great Estate in the Kingdom of Mexico On the Left Hand of that Neck of Land Francis Pizarro in the year 1525 discovered the Kingdom of Peru and 6 years after Conquered it taking and putting to death Atabalipa Lord of that Country This is the richest Countrey for Mines of Gold and Silver hitherto discovered insomuch that all the Utensils of those People even to their Pots and Kettles were of these precious Mettals Pizarro shared not the vast Booty he got there fairly with James de Almagro his principal Companion in that Conquest and the rest of his Men and yet the meanest Soldier 's part came to 9000 Duccats which was the richest Plunder ever taken till that time His Force was about 300 Men who in Battle overthrew above 100000 Indians Riches and Plenty produced Pride and Insolence for Ferdinand Brother to Francis Pizarro understanding that Almagro openly complained of the Wrong done him and meditated Revenge he murdered him A Bastard Son of Almagro whom he had by an Indian and whose Name was James assaulted the House of Francis Pizarro in the City of Lima and killed him in revenge of his Father This was a bold Attempt and to punish it the Governour Christopher Vaca de Castro joined with Gonçalo Pizarro another Brother of the said Francis and with their Forces overthrew and killed the said James This Victory and his great Riches so puffed up Gonçalo Pizarro that he attempted to make himself absolute Lord of that Country Blasco Nun̄ez Vela was sent by the Emperor from Spain to be Viceroy of Peru him the Rebellious Spaniards took Prisoner and put

that vast Ocean to refresh the Seamen with its Fruit Fish and Flesh tho' scarce Inhabited being but Four Leagues in length and so far from any Land Thence by the way of the Islands Terceras the Ships generally return to Lisbon in August or September The End of the 26th BOOK The History of SPAIN BOOK XXVII CHAP. I. The Death of the Prince of Castile Of Charles VIII King of France Matches of Two Daughters of Spain The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples France and Spain agree Hierome Savonarola burnt at Florence THE Affairs of Spain at one and the same time prospered in Italy and within Spain had a mixture of Felicity and Adversity Two Matches for as many of King Ferdinand's Daughters were concluded that is of the Princess Catherine with Arthur Prince of Wales and Heir to Henry VII King of England and of the Princess Elizabeth with Emanuel King of Portugal These Marriages were of great Importance because together with those of the House of Austria they bound such Mighty Princes to the Interest of Spain The Match with England was fully concluded upon the 15 of August 1497. To forward the Marriage with Portugal D. John Manuel that King's Foster-Brother came to Castile It was agreed that King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth should carry the Princess their Daughter to the Borders of Portugal where King Emanuel should meet them to consummate the Marriage upon the last Day of September Ceclamin was at first the Place appointed to meet but that Town wanting Conveniencies they spent three Days together at Valencia de Alcantara Their Joy was much abated by the News of the Indisposition of Prince John who died the 13 day after he was taken ill at Salamanca on the 4th of October to the great Loss and Grief of the whole Kingdom He left the Princess with Child but that availed little for in a short time after she miscarried The Prince's Body was carried to Avila to be buried in the famous Dominican Monastery of S. Thomas This dismal News came to Alcantara whilst yet the Rejoycing for the Wedding lasted but after King Ferdinand was gone King Emanuel begged of the Queen his Mother-in-Law not to let the Queen his Wife know any thing of it and so went away with her to Ebora There she was at last acquainted with the Death of the Prince her Brother She resented it as became a loving Sister but his Parents bore their Loss with great Magnanimity The Kingdom of Naples was not yet peaceable because the Prince of Salerno and his Party mistrusting the King fortified their Towns and Castles The first Demonstration that Prince gave of his Ill-will was That tho' he appeared when King Frederick was Proclaimed at Naples yet he would not be present at his Coronation under colour of Poverty However the Prince of Basiniano came to Court the day following to excuse himself and intercede for him of Salerno No means of Peace prevailed and the King was forced to march with his Army and besiege him in his strong Town of Diano Gonçalo Fernandez was now about returning to Spain as reckoning the War of Naples at an end To this purpose he had gone into Calabria thence to Sicily and now came to Naples to take his Leave of the King and Queen They pressed him to aid them in that Siege because the Defendants were numerous and the King's Party favoured them The Great Captain gathered 500 Spaniards and the King furnishing him 500 Germans he so straitned the Besieged tho' with much danger of his Person that the Prince was forced to surrender It was agreed That the Prince with all such as would follow him might safely depart the Kingdom with their Goods That all the Towns and Forts belonging to the Prince should be delivered up to the King he paying for the Cannon and Provisions in them Thus Diano was surrendered upon the 28th of December and the Prince put himself into the hands of the Duke of Melfi to be conducted to Sangalla a City in Marca de Ancona which sided with the King of France The Earls of Conça and Lauria his Confederates bore him Company He of Capacho being very old put himself upon the King's Mercy This same Year in Autumn D. John de Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia sent a Fleet over to Africk to People Melilla which is opposite to Almeria and had been abandoned by the Moors In recompence for the Charge he had been at that Town was given to the Duke and his Heirs for ever The Xeque or Lord of Gelves who was in Rebellion aginst the King of Tunez his Sovereign to secure himself under the Christian Protection delivered up that Island and Port to the Catholick King and in his Name to John de Lanuça then Viceroy of Sicily Captain Margarit was left with the Spanish Forces to secure that Island A solemn Embassie from France now met the King at Alcala de Henares The Proposals made were That the Two Kings with their joint Forces should invade Italy That as to the Kingdom of Naples the Catholick King should possess Calabria till such time as the French King in exchange should give him the Kingdom of Navarre and 30000 Ducats yearly for what it was worth above that Kingdom That the States of Milan and Genoa should belong to the French and all the rest of Italy be equally divided betwixt them The Catholick King was not averse from the Business of Naples but as for the rest of Italy would not be concerned without advertising the Empire who had so great a Right to it At last it was resolved King Ferdinand should send Ambassadors to France to prosecute this Treaty At this time all the Monasteries of Castile were reduced to the strict Observance of their Orders which the Dominicans Augustins and Carmelites easily condescended to The Franciscans at first made some resistance According to Agreement the King sent Ferdinand Duke of Estrada and Two others his Ambassadors to conclude a Peace with France At the same time it was believed the French King resolved to invade Roussillon but Death prevented his Designs He departed this Life at Amboise on the 17th of April 1498. The Duke of Orleans called Luis XII succeeded him At Blois where the New King was and afterwards at Orleans the Treaty of Peace was carried on that King always giving good Words and fair Promises only to gain time till he was settled in the Kingdom and could be divorced from his present Wife Sister to the late King in order to marry the Dutchess of Britany who since the death of the late King her Husband was for returning into her own Country He at last compassed his ends and had by that Dutchess two Daughters only the Eldest of which was married to Francis the Heir of that Crown Before the death of King Charles it was proposed that Caesar Borgia should resign his Cardinal's Cap to which purpose that King promised him an Estate in

She now dy'd of Grief because he refus'd her Her Body was bury'd among the Kings at S. Denis The King her Husband made himself odious by persecuting the Kindred of those who had been against him Aragon besides the Wars this Year suffer'd by Famine which was somewhat abated by bringing Corn from Africk and did some good by forcing the Enemy to depart the Kingdom Jayme King of Naples who marched into Castile with his Army to look for Provisions dy'd there at the beginning of the Year 1375. His Sister Elizabeth who was with him led the Army back into France there she resign'd all her Claims against the House of Aragon to Luis the King of France his Brother which caus'd new Troubles Now the Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon was concluded on the 12th of April the Conditions were That the Lady Ellenor before promis'd to Prince John should be marry'd to him her Dower 200000 Florins lent by the Araganian to King Henry at the beginning of the Civil Wars That Molina should be restored to Castile and That the Aragonian should pay 12000 Florins towards the Charge of the War This Agreement was celebrated with great Joy in both Kingdoms This Year was Fortunate to all Christendom as well as Spain because Pope Gregory the XIth return'd to Rome after the Popes his Predecessors had resided 70 Years at Avignon Bertran Claquin having for his good Service got the Earldom of Longueville in France ● sold his Lands in Spain to King Henry for 260000 Doubles At Soria on the 27th of May Prince Charles of Navarre marry'd Ellenor King Henry's Daughter and on the 19th of June Prince John his Son took to Wife Ellenor Daughter to the King of Aragon News was now brought that D. Ferdinand de Castro who the last Year fled to Portugal was dead in England Also that Ferdinand de Tovar Admiral of Castile had done much harm along the Coasts of that Island From Soria King Henry went to Burgos He design'd to assist the French with all his Power against the English His Son Alonso Earl of Gijon to avoid marrying Elizabeth Daughter to the King of Portugal fled into France but was soon brought back by his Father At the end of this Year dy'd D. Gomez Manrique Arch-bishop of Toledo The Chapter having chosen two to succeed him the Decision of the Controversy was left to the Pope who allow'd of neither of them but gave that Dignity to Peter Tenorio then Bishop of Coimbra About this time dy'd some Men of Note of Navarre Particularly D. Roderick Vrriz a Man of a great Estate and Interest was by the King's Command apprehended and Beheaded in Pamplona at the latter end of March 1376. Some private Correspondence he held with the King of Castile was the cause of his Death It was Reported he intended to betray the Castles of Tudela and Caparroso but it is not likely they should so soon design to disturb the Peace D. Bernard Folcaut Bishop of Pamplona dy'd on the 7th of July in Banishment at Agnani in Italy D. Martin Calva a most learned Man was chosen to succeed him Frederick King of Sicily departed this Life at Messina on the 26th of July His Daughter the Lady Mary was left sole Heiress of that Kingdom and the Dutchies of Athens and Neopatria which produc'd Differences betwixt several Princes aspiring to marry her This also administred to the Aragonians a fair Opportunity of enlarging their Dominions The End of the Seventeenth Book THE History of SPAIN The Eighteenth BOOK CHAP. I. The Wars of Navarre Matches of some of King Henry's Children The Schism in the Church caus'd by the Election of the Two Popes Urban and Clement The death of King Henry of Castile and of Mahomet the Moorish King of Granada SPAIN now enjoy'd a perfect Peace all its Kings being Ally'd by Marriages and grown weary of the long Wars With the Moors there was a Truce The Duke of Lancaster ingag'd in the Wars of France could not apply himself to the Conquest of Castile King Henry having thus put an End to all the Wars apply'd himself to the Civil Government and reformation of many Abuses crept in by the liberty of the Times Only Aragon was under the Apprehensions of a War for Luis Duke of Anjou to whom Jayme Prince of Majorca had made over his Title to that Kingdom began now to set up his Pretensions The King of Aragon assembled the Cortes at Monçon where new Impositions were laid upon the Jews and Moors only for none would be allow'd upon the Christians yet they offer'd to defend the Country at their own Charge Great Preparations were made for that War It is reported that 40 Galleys were fitted out on the Coast of France and 4000 Men at Arms gather'd and it was fear'd in Aragon that peace being concluded with the English as was expected the Pope interposing all the Power of France would fall upon that Kingdom Besides a Matter of small Moment had like to have produc'd another War D. John Ramirez de Arellano returning from Rome through Aragon at Barcelona was challeng'd and call'd Traitor in the King's presence by the Viscount de Rota for that he had entic'd D. Jayme Prince of Majorca to invade Aragon The Challenge was accepted and the time fix'd for fighting 90 Days after King Henry labour'd to prevent the Combat but the King of Aragon favouring the Viscount they could not agree The King of Castile hereupon said They should Fight but he would send 3000 Horse to see Justice done which was as good as declaring War This mov'd the Aragonian to desist A Treaty of Peace was set afoot at Bruges in Flanders first and in the Year 1377 at Bologne in Picardy betwixt the English and French the Embassadors of Castile being present in Order to have their King Comprehended but nothing was concluded The Death of the Prince of Wales and his Father King Edward the IIId broke all their Measures Richard the King's Grandchild and Son to the Black Prince succeeded King Edward The Duke of Burgundy after the Treaty broke up came into Spain to pay a Vow he had made to visit the Body of the Apostle S. James in Galicia In his return Home he was nobly entertain'd by King Henry at Segovia The rest of the Summer the King spent at Leon and the Winter at Sevil. All the Warlike Preparations made in France fell upon the King of Navarre's Dominions Charles Peter and Mary Princes of Navarre were in France With Charles went Baldwin who was Governour of several strong holds in Normandy and Jaques de la Rue his Favourite who had Orders to propose to the English that the King would make War upon France if they would give him the Dutchy of Guienne to be held in Feof of them The French having intelligence of this Design secur'd Rue put him to the rack and he confessing was executed at Paris Baldwin was commanded to deliver up

the King of Aragon and the Pope consenting to it as has been hinted before In Sicily the Barons continu'd in Rebellion and had secur'd a great part of the Island No hopes remain'd of reducing them by fair means Therefore the King and Queen with the Duke of Monblanc the King's Father went over with a good Fleet to subdue the Rebels At first the Aragonians were successful but afterwards the Fortune of War was so chang'd that the King and Queen were forc'd into the Castle of Catanea and there besieg'd D. Bernard de Cabrera a Man then of great Note had been upon that Expedition but return'd into Aragon being appointed Admiral of a Fleet that King had fitted out to subdue Sardinia This Gentleman knowing what had happen'd in Sicily resolv'd to remedy it He gather'd a good Body of Catalonians and Gascons and for their Pay mortgag'd all his Estate He set sail and landed in Sicily when all was reduc'd to Extremity By his Conduct the Success was soon chang'd for in several Rencounters he overthrew the Enemy by which means the Island was reduc'd and against the Will of many return'd under the Dominion of Aragon as it has ever since continu'd to this Day and in all Probability is like to continue much longer The End of the Eighteenth Book THE History of SPAIN The Nineteenth BOOK CHAP. I. King Henry takes upon him the Government The Cortes at Madrid Discontents among the Nobility The death of the Master of Alcantara The Biscainers invade the Canary Islands The Plague at Madrid CAstile after so many violent Sorms of Discord was at length somewhat Calm All these Confusions proceeded from the many Hands employ'd in the Government To prevent these Mischiefs for the future the King resolv'd to take upon him the Administration of his Affairs tho as yet he wanted two Months of 14 Years of Age The time limited in his Father's Will Many perswaded him to take this Resolution some hoping to make their Advantage of his Youth and others because they were weary of the present Government At the beginning of August the King assembled the Nobility and Prelates in the Monastery of Huelgas where the Kings of Castile us'd to be Crown'd There he spoke to the whole Assembly signifying that he now took upon him the Government praying to God it might be for the Good of the Kingdom that he desir'd they would help his Youth with their Advice and that he there discharg'd the Governours of their Employment All the Commons as well as Noblemen and Prelates applauded his Resolution with great expressions of Joy and Satisfaction The Arch-bishop of Santiago made an Oration declaring how much all Men were delighted to see the King at Age to Govern and how justly the Governours had behav'd themselves in their Charge To this the King answer'd He was well satisfy'd of their Fidelity and would always make use of their Advice Many Strangers aspir'd to Ecclesiastical Preferments and the Popes bestow'd them on several without regard to Learning or Merits It had been often propos'd in the Cortes to remedy this Evil and as has been said it was in some Measure regulated in the Session at Guadalajara Yet still the Popes continu'd to use there Power as before This Affair was now again debated in the Cortes assembled for the Coronation of the King yet nothing could be determin'd for the present but that it might be settled with more deliberation the Cortes were again summon'd to meet at Madrid Mean while at the earnest request of the Biscainers the new King went in Person to take possession of the Lordship of Biscay In an Assembly of the principal Men the King granted that after the manner of Castile they might decide Controversies by Combat for still that ill Custom was in use This Year was remarkable for that the Enterprise of the Canaries was again taken in hand The Biscainers fitted out a Fleet and took a Survey of all those Islands learning their Names Pr●duct and Value Then landing at Lançarote one of the Islands they overthrew the Islanders took their King and Queen with 160 of their Subjects This done they return'd into Spain the Vessels loaden not only with Captives but with Goat Skins and Wax wherewith those Islands abound to show the Habits Fruitfulness and Riches of those Islands and the Profit might be made of them if conquer'd as afterwards they were Mean while the Cortes met at Madrid and the King repair'd thither in November The first day of the Session in few Words he told them he had good Examples of his Progenitors to govern by that during his Minority civil Discord had almost ruin'd the Nation and he design'd with their Advice to remedy those Disorders that he would take care Mony should not take place of Merit and to see the Laws effectually put in Execution that the Revenue was exhausted and either new Taxes must be laid or the Grants made in his Nonage vacated His well fram'd Speech was pleasing to them all tho they perceiv'd he only spoke what his Favourites had put into his Mouth and many were offended they were not in the same Post The Men most in the King's esteem were John Hurtado de Mendoça Lord Steward of the Houshold James Lopez de Zun̄iga chief Justice and Ruy Lopez Davalos Lord Chamberlain They agreed among themselves a thing rare among Court Favourites Their chief Aim was to curb the King 's tender Years to take care or the Government and to protect the weaker against the great Ones It being propos'd to supply the King's wants the Commons answer'd the People were so exhausted they could bear no more Taxes yet they would grant the 20th Penny of all Merchandize and it were requisite to lessen the Number of standing Forces or at least their Pay as also to Retrench the Pensions of great Men. This was look'd upon as the b● Advice and all Pensions granted during the King's Minority were struck out of his Books Many concern'd in private resented this Reform but in publick all Men spoke well of it After this the King being now at Age was marry'd to Queen Catherine as was also Prince Ferdinand his Brother to the Lady Ellenor Countess of Albuquerque There was great rejoycing and thus the Cortes of Madrid broke up At the beginning of the Year 1394 the Plague being at Madrid the King remov'd to Illescas a pleasant and healthful Place in the mid-way betwixt Madrid and Toledo Hither the Arch-bishop of Toledo the Town being his came to pay his Respects to the King who receiv'd him graciously and he soon recover'd the Favour and Authority he was in before being excellently qualify'd to gain the Affections of Princes His Competitor the Archbishop of Santiago was so offended at the Honour done him that he withdrew from Court to his Town of Hamusco in old Castile meditating Revenge if an Opportunity were offer'd These Prelates were the most remarkable Men of

Successors when they received the Investiture These were the same Conditions that had been imposed upon Charles the first of France About the beginning of July this Grant was passed by the Pope and College of Cardinals On the 7th of August the Pope remitted the yearly Tribute and the 50000 Duccats contenting himself with the white Palfrey and his Furniture and 300 Horse to serve him wheresoever there was War in the State of the Church designing to use them against Ferrara In the time of Pope Leo there was imposed an acknowledgment of 7000 Duccats for the leave granted to the Emperor Charles the 5th to hold that Kingdom together with the Empire which was contrary to the antient Capitulations with the Houses of Anjou and Aragon The King of France was much offended at this Proceeding and by his Ambassador the Bishop of Rieux complained grievously thereof to the Catholick King whilst the Cortes sat at Monçon There on the 13th of August was a Subsidy granted the King of 500000 Crowns a great Sum considering the Time and the Liberty of those Provinces They also in Case the King should be called away authorised Queen Germana to preside and even to assemble the Cortes again if broke up provided she were commissioned as Lieutenant of those Kingdoms The Associations erected some Years before were now dissolved Many Ambassadors and great numbers of Nobility were at Monçon during the Sitting of the Cortes At Malaga a Fleet was provided to carry over D. Garcia de Toledo and the Forces for the Conquests of Africk The King was earnest they should set out yet they delayed some time because of the Plague that was at Bugia The Fleet sailed in the heat of Summer carrying 7000 Men. Part of the Fleet and 3000 Men were left at Bugia to secure that Place James de Vera having put Bugia into a good Posture followed the Fleet and they came together being 16 Galleys to the Port of Tripoli at such time as Count Peter Navarro had embarqued his Men to the number of 8000 designing for Gelves the greatest and most important Island on the Coast of Africk about 100 Leagues West of Tripoli It is plain and sandy covered with Palm and Olive Trees so near the Continent that on the one side there is a Bridge to go over to it In length it is above 16 miles wants Water has no Town but scattering Houses and on the Shore a Castle where the Lord lives It was once subject to the King of Tunez but at this time had a Xeque or particular Lord. On the 28th of August they arrived at Gelves The Forces landed finding no Opposition either in the Island or on the Continent at a Town they call Puente Quebrada All the Army was divided into 3 Bodies D. Garcia tho he was General would advance before the rest with the Gentlemen that followed him Some say it was by advice of Peter Navarro others affirm it was against his Will The Xeque had about 150 Horse and 2000 Foot but so ill armed and so fearful they offered good Terms rather than come to Blows It was Afternoon when our Forces began to march the heat of the sandy Ground was so violent as if all had been in a Flame Scarce had they advanced 2 Leagues when some fell down dead with Drought and all suffered extremely The Vanguard being come to a Wood of Palm Trees fell into Disorder to seek Water at some Wells they imagined there were near certain ruined Houses Here the Moors observing their Confusion fell upon them D. Garcia and others that were a horse-back lighted Some advised him to retire He answered Advance Gentlemen are we come hither to turn our backs If Fortune frown on us yet she cannot make us forget the Duty we owe to our Birth Having said thus he took a Pike from an Aragonian and fell in among the Moors Our Men nothing moved by the Example of their General fled The Moors took the advantage and falling on killed four of those that alighted which were D. Garcia Garci Sarmiento Loaya and Christopher Velasquez all Commanders of Note There was no stopping of those that fled The Count ordered the Batallions of James Pocheco and Giles Nieto which were with him in the Rear to make head against the Moors and by that means prevented their being all cut off The Earl himself was in such a Consternation he was one of the first that embarqued tho he might pretend it was to oblige the Galleys next the Shore to take in the Men many being drowned because they would not admit them About 4000 of our Men were killed or taken and among them many of Note The Body of D. Garcia was carried to the Xeque who writ to D. Hugo de Moncada Viceroy of Sicily that supposing that Lord to be the King 's Kisman he kept his Body in a Chest to be disposed of as he should direct D. Garcia left a young Son called D. Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo who was afterwards one of the famous Generals of the World Count Peter Navarro having sent the King an account of that Disaster ordered the Galleys back to Naples and with the rest of the Fleet sailed for Tripoli where he arrived on the 19th of December having been 8 days in a Storm He left James de Vera in that City with a Garrison of 3000 Men other 3000 he disbanded being unfit for Service and he with 4000 more and part of the Fleet went out to scowr the Coast between Gelvez and Tunez Bad Weather obliged him to lie by most part of the Winter in the Island Lampadosa near Sicily An infinite number of Moors about the end of this Year layed Siege to the City Safin on the Coast of Africk and subject to the Portugueses Atayde the Governour having received some Supplies from the Island of Madera defended himself bravely and the Siege being raised made an Inroad as far as Almedina 32 miles from Safin He had several Skirmishes with the Moors took a great Booty but in his return such great Numbers came upon him that he was forced to quit it He made several other Incursions and came up to the very Walls of Morocco an Action of more Honour than Advantage The same was done by D. John Coutin̄o Governour of Arzilla and Peter de Sousa of Azamer both brave Commanders and ambitious of enlarging the Portugues Dominions in Africk which might have been the more easily performed that Country being divided into many Kingdoms and they at variance among themselves CHAP. X. Some Cardinals Revolt from the Pope Bolonia taken by the French The Revolted Cardinals summon a General Council MUch about the same time the Catholick King having broke up the Cortes at Monçon returned to Castile and Pope Julius set out from Rome towards Bolonia The King was going to the Cortes of Castile summoned to meet at Madrid to take care for carrying on the War in Africk and no less to provide for the Affairs

called Mary Margaret After which the Legate hung a rich Relikary about the Neck of the Princess and bestowed others on several of the Attendants Which done they returned back in the same Order they came The King saw all from the upper Tribune of the Chapel as did the Ambassadors of the Emperor and Venetians being incognito in the Chancel The Queen being a little recovered of her hard Labour was somewhat melancholy and the King to divert her ordered a Bull-Feast upon the 4th of September The Day proved fair and the King being seated the Guards as is usual began to clear the Place which was then watered by 20 Carts carrying Pipes of Water ingeniously carved After several Bulls were killed the next Sport was that which they call of Canes and is in imitation of the old manner of Fighting with Spears instead of which they use Canes which is very diverting and pleasant To conclude the Publick Rejoycing a few days after there was another Bull-Feast and so ended that Great Solemnity F. Peter Pimentel of the Family of the Earl of Benavente a Jesuit set out towards Rome in order to be there at the General Chapter of that Order with him went his Nephew Brother to the Marquess of Villafranca They went aboard a Genoese and off of Marseilles were taken by a French Privateer and carried to Toulon where all that were in the Ship were set at liberty except F. Pimentel his Nephew and a Regent of Italy who was bound for Sicily The Value of Copper-money was enhanced by Proclamation one third Part upon which several Persons moved by the great Profit thought it easie in remote Places ' to put the Stamp upon the Coin but many of them paid for their Presumption with their Lives in the Market-places of Madrid Toledo Sevil and other Towns The Capuchin Church founded at Madrid by our Queen Elizabeth of Bourbon being now finished the most Holy Sacrament was translated thither with great Solemnity and the Feast of the Dedication lasted 8 days A Portugus Baroness Widow to George de Paz Sylveira one of the Great Farmers of the Revenue being left vastly rich founded a Monastery for Carmelite Nuns which when finished will not be inferior for Grandeur and Revenue to the best in Madrid That her Foundation might be the more firm she gave half the Right of Patronship to the Town of Madrid allowing the Council of that Town for ever the Naming of Fifteen Religious Women On the 9th of May the Town of Madrid celebrated the Feast of the Translation of the Holy Image of our Blessed Lady of the Pillar The Solemnity lasted nine Days and the Town setled a Revenue for Building of the Chapel of that Holy Image The Duke of Bragança King John of Portugal upon some Jealousie cast a Gentleman into Prison for whose Liberty one who had deserved well and was a Favourite made suit but was refused upon which he went to the Gaoler and demanded the Prisoner The Gaoler delivered him but soon repenting acquainted the Duke with it who immediately ordered his Favourite to be apprehended Upon which the People of Lisbon mutinied and began to rail against the Duke and that night many reflecting and threatning Lampoons were set up in publick Places Mean while certain Portugues Troops broke into Castile and having plundered four open Towns carried away a considerable Booty in Cattel D. Francis Totavila Duke of S. German and General of the Frontiers of Estremadura having notice of it ordered Thomas Alardi Earl of Tronçan one of his Lieutenants to gather what Horse and Foot he could and pursue them into Portugal The Earl having assembled his Troops pursued them but finding they were gone sent after them the Commissary General Jacome Maçacan He set forward on the 5th of March and next morning about break of day discovered the Enemy at Ceilavin being 250 Horse and 500 Foot and having drove all the Cattel they found in their way Maçacan immediately charged the Enemy with such Bravery that they were broke and above 150 of their Men killed among whom was a Captain of Horse 2 Lieutenants 6 Captains of Foot the Major 5 Ensigns and other Officers 366 were taken most of them so desperately wounded that they died On our side one Captain of Horse one Ensign and four private Men were killed Thus the Insolency of the Enemy was somewhat suppressed and Maçacan gained much Reputation Advice was brought to Oran that the Moors of Uladala and Zal had revolted that they had fortified themselves upon a Break of the River and thence pillaged the neighbouring Places The Marquess of Floresta Davila Governour of Oran fell upon them and brought away 200 Slaves and their Chief killing 100 more Of the Alafezes and Ulizbrain Two Heads of Families which together make 100 Villages he took 110 Slaves and retired fighting all day with above 4000 Moors of whom he killed 300. In May he made another Inroad to the River Cique whence he took 100 Slaves and at other times above 120 Robbers who infested the Country He again marched against above 300 Villages at Venarasel who are the stoutest Moors of all that Country and in the Plain of Abora made 150 Slaves Understanding that a Moravito had built a small Town and fortified it about 18 Leagues from Oran at the Mouth of the River Zara which ran through the midst of it the Governour sent a Brave Officer with 200 Foot and 110 Horse to plunder it He came there at midnight and applying two Petards to the Gate entred the Town sacked it and brought off 150 Slaves some of which were Moravito's D. John of Austria as was before said in his way from Sicily having taken the French Ship called the Crowned Lion came to the Siege of Barcelona which it was not doubted would in few days be reduced D. John being Viceroy of Sicily left in his Place as Governour of that Island D. Antony Ronquillo High Chancellor of Milan who dying at Palermo the Archbishop of that City succeeded him till such time as the Duke del Infantado came thither from Rome with the Character of Viceroy Cardinal Trivulcio was received at Rome and acted as Ambassador from the Crown of Spain till the Earl of Oropesa came The Count de On̄ate Governed Naples with singular Wisdom and good Conduct as did the Marquess of Campo Reall the Island of Sardinia The latter endeavoured to put an end to the Factions that disturbed the Quiet of that Kingdom and banishing the Heads of both Parties established Peace He sent Supplies to the Island Coralina de Tabarca at the Request of the Governour of it by which means that Place was delivered from the Danger of the Barbary Moors The Marquess of Caraçcna Governour of Milan having with his Army infested all the neighbouring Country retired with a great Booty taken in Piemont about Turin the Court of the Duke of Savoy and notwithstanding 4000 of the Enemy endeavoured to cut off his Retreat he passed