takes the Field he has in a readiness almost 300000 Men 10000 Elephants and other Beasts of burthen 6. About this time Fernan Perez de Andrade sent by the King to several discoveries sailing towards the Bay of Bengala arrived at Pacem the Metropolis of one of the Kingdoms of Sumatra where he found Portugueses trading and was well received of that King Here he lost his biggest Ship burnt by a Candle carelessly set up and was thereby obliged to return to Malaca sending away Iohn Coello in a Ship of Bengala to expect him there with what Intelligence he could get till he returned from Malaca Hence Coello set out with fresh Instructions for China and met with furious Storms and other Dangers On the Coast of Champa taking in fresh Water had like to cost him his Life At Patane he established Peace and Commerce with the Governour the same at other places and thus spent the Winter without reaching China He returned to Malaca and refitted himselâ—… for his Voyage to which he now sets out with eight Ships 7. The Empire of China is the most Eastern part of Asia as Spain the most Western of Europe Opposite to it is the Island Hainan as that of Cadiz to Spain It is almost as big as all Europe Divided from Tartary by a wonderful Wall running from East to West above 200 Leagues and ends at a vast Mountain that like a Promontory is washed by the Eastern Sea This large Empire is divided into fifteen Provinces or Governments Along the Coast Quantung Fokien Chekiang Nanking Xantung Leaotung The inland Queicheu Iunnan Quangsi Suchuen Huquang Xensi Kiangsi Honan and Xansi in which are 244 Cities Its Riches are prodigious its Government to be admired above all others They say they have two Eyes Europe one and all the rest of the World is blind They had Printing and Cannon long before us The City Quantung which is the Chief on the Coast is remarkable for its Greatness Strength of its Wall and resort of Strangers most Merchants 8. Fernan Perez arriving here after some dangers and difficulties had a conference with the thâ—…ee Governours of this City and sent to them one Thomas Perez with an Embassy and Present from our King to theirs to be sent forward to him He setled a Peace with that City and traded in it and the neighbouring Parts and then sailed for Malaca having received advice of the dangerous condition it was in by reason of the War with the King of Bintam and the Discord between the Portugueses 9. Fernan Perez loaded with Riches Ammunition and good Success in China was no less welcome at Malaca than D. Alexius de Meneses had been not long before What followed shall be seen hereafter Now let us turn to behold Iames Lopez de Sequeyra newly possess'd of the Government Lope Soarez de Albergaria was the third Governour He was a comly Man very red hair he is pictured with crimson Breeches and Doublet and black Coat lined with the same his Armour white adorned with Gold CHAP. III. From the Year 1518 tell the Year 1520 ending the Government of Lope Soarez de Albergaria and beginning that of James Lopez de Sequeira King Emanuel still reigning 1. ABout the end of March sailed from Lisbâ—… 〈◊〉 Ships bound for India with 1500 fighting Men all under the command of Iames Lopez de Sequeyra to whom the King gave the Government of India as a reward of his good Service in Africk his discovery of Malaca and worthy Qualities At the Cape of Good Hope one Ship was in danger of perishing by means of a great Fish which running against her stuck the length of two spans of a long Beak it has into her side this was afterwards found to be the Fish called the Needle Lope Soarez presently resigned the Government to Iames Lopez and set Sail for Portugal with nine Ships Sequeyra began to act D. Alonso de Meneses was sent against Baticala because it refused to pay Iohn Gomez went for Maldivia where he was to command and build a Fort. These things dispatched at Cochin Iames Lopez went away to Goa whence he dispatched others Anthony de Saldana to the Coast of Arabia and Simon de Andrade to China 2. The King of Bintam who had treacherously concluded a Peace only that D. Alexius Meneses and Fernan Perez might depart for Cochin as soon as they were gone attacked Malaca with 1500 Men and many Elephants and with 60 Vessels by Sea In the City were only 200 many sick and most unprovided But this surprize cured many of their Feavers and all Men running to oppose the danger on both sides there was a sharp engagement for the space of three hours with great loss to the Enemy and some on our side Twenty days the King lay before the Town and then retired having lost 330 Men of ours 18 were killed Then he lay to hinder the bringing of Provisions till the Governour sent relief and the Portugueses perceiving the damage they received from the Fort of Muar whence Sansotea Raja made inroads they resolved to gain it and accordingly gave the assault and after a vigorous resistance entered having killed most of the Defendants which were 800 Moors and then burnt it after securing the spoil in which were 300 Cannons some of Brass Thus Malaca was for a long time delivered of a dangerous Enemy 3. The King of Bintam still persisting in his resolution of taking Malaca the Inhabitants were reduced to great extremity having but few Men many of them sick and their Commander Alfonso Lopez ready to die He delivered the City from this last danger by resigning his command to Garcia de Sa who was newly arrived with 60 Men. Nothing of note happened at this time only that Iames Pacheco going with two Ships in search of the Island of Gold was lost and most of his Men. 4. Now arrived at Malaca Anthony Correa who came from the City Martavan where he had been concluding a Peace with the King of Pegu at the swearing of the Peace assisted with the King's Ministers the Priests of both Nations Catholick and Gentiles The Heathen was called the Great Raulim who after the Capitulations made in the Golden Mine as is the Custom of those People were publickly read began to read in a Book and then taking some yellow Paper a colour dedicated to their holy uses with some sweet Leaves of Trees whereon were certain Characters set Fire to it all and then taking the Hands of the King's Minister and holding them over the ashes said some words which rendred the Oath inviolable Anthony Correa to answer this Solemnity ordered his Priest to put on a Surplice and bring his Breviary which was so tottered and torn that it was scandalous those Heathens should see how little respect was paid to our sacred Books Correa observing this ordered to be brought instead of it a Book of Church-Musick which was more creditable being bigger and better bound and opening
Justice tho' they did that of Men. 8. Ruy de Melo who was deprived of his Command of Moçambique by the Judge Fr. de Fonseca Pinto went to Goa and being tryed was cleared of all the Crimes laid to his Charge and ordered to be restored to his Post Iames de Cunna Castellobranco Judge of the Criminal Court was sent to restore him The Viceroy charged Melo to forget past Grudges to take care of the Peace and Preservation of that Place and not to offend Guerra or Pinto and the more to secure the latter continued his former Commission during his stay in those Parts The same Charge he gave to the Judge Cunna 9. Melo and Cunna sailed from Goa in two Vessels and Cunna arrived first at Moçambique in May. As soon as he came he promised to reconcile him to Melo and in return desired him to secure Pinto contrary to the Viceroy's Orders which made their Power equal Pinto coming with above 100000 Crowns he had gathered by Extortion was put into Irons Being a Prisoner in the Fort he made use of his Rhetorick telling Guerra how much he was beholden to him and offering if he would release him and secure Cunna to give him sufficient Certificates to save his Reputation and clear him of all Crimes at Goa This he said because Guerra's guilt was no less than his own 10. Guerra overcome with these Promises releases Pinto and sending for Cunna on pretence of Business detains him Prisoner He seeing himself in the Power of his two greatest Enemies whose design was to stay him at Moçambique giving 18000 Ducats security got loose and escaped to Mombaça where Ruy de Melo was detained They two with Simon de Melo Pereyra Commander of that Fort and Emanuel Freyre de Andrade gave Sentence of Death against Guerra as a Rebel Melo and Cunna Embarque for Moçambique mean while Pinto to secure his Gold was sailing for Goa Guerra was advised not to stay the coming of his Enemies yet he did and receiving Melo at the Gate deliver'd him the Keys Melo or his Son for in this particular Relations vary embracing Guerra stabbed him then spurning and reviling caused him to be apprehended A few Days after he was condemned to be hanged and tho' he offered to fit out a compleat Galleon for the King's Service to purchase Life was executed 11. The Chineses provoked by the Insolencies of the Portugueses at Macao were drawing together Forces to expel them The Mandarines of the Province of Quantung sent to them first to reproach them of their Crimes ordering that either they should for the future resolve to live honestly or immediately withdraw from thence with their Wives and Children The Portuguâ—…ses pleaded innocence excused their Faults and promised for the time to come to observe their Laws 12. D. Garcia de Silva of whom mention was made before was still at Goa in order to go Ambassador to Persia. The Reason of his stay was because that King continued to commit Hostilities having taken from us Bandel of Comoram in Arabia Yet now he resolved to send an Ambassador to Spain and chose for this Employ Robert Sherley an Englishman 13. The Persian sending an Ambassador to Spain it was thought the Spaniard might safely go to him D. Garcia began to make ready but his long stay at Goa having been chargeable he demanded 30000 Ducats of the Viceroy who was forced to give him the best part of that Sum but this being in the dead of Winter his Voyage was put off till Spring and I cannot find any farther account what became of him or his Embassy 14. The Viceroy to gratifie the King of Macassa for his kind Entertainment of Gonçalo Rodrigues de Sousa answered his Letter and sent him a Present by Augustin Labato who sailed from Goa on the 3d of October with 2 Galliots On the way he took two Vessels of Achem and being well received and dispatched by the King of Macassa he sailed then loaden with Provisions for Ternate He fought two Dutch Vessels landed the Provisions returned again and brought more from Macassa then going to Manila winter'd there 15. The Portugueses sailing from Malaca to Manila found there was a Days difference between those two Places that is they who go from Malaca think they arrive at Manila on a Sunday and it is Monday and the contrary from Manila to Malaca The reason is that those who sail to the Eastward at every 15 Degrees have the Sun rising an hour sooner and they who to the Westward an hour later From Portugal to India 7 hours are gained the rest from Goa to Manila which added to those lost between Manila and Spain make up the difference of a whole Day 16. Our Viceroy earnestly desired to hear of the many Portugueses were said to be cast away on the Island of Madagascar since the Discovery of India as also to plant the Christian Faith there and settle a friendly Correspondence with the Kings thereof to the Exclusion of the Hollanders out of those Ports To this effect he sent thither several Vessels during his Government I have thought fit not to divide the Relation of those Expeditions and therefore place them together in the following Chapters CHAP. XIII Particular Discoveries made in the Island of Madagascar or St. Lawrence by order of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo 1. THE Viceroy in pursuance of the King's Orders for discovery of the Affairs of the Island Madagascar or St. Lawrence fitted out a Caravel for that Expedition under the Command of Paul Rodriguez de Costa with Soldiers two Jesuits and Interpreters 2. They set sail from Goa at the end of Ianuary and reached that Island about the middle of April The circumference of it is about 600 leagues the length 260 and lies North-North-East and south-south-South-South-West the breadth where most is not above 80 leagues on the South part and less Northward for there it ends in a Point which bears the Name of St. Ignatius and is about â—…5 leagues in length from East to West It is therefore divided into 3 parts the first made by an imaginary Line drawn from East to West at Cape St. Andrew forms the North part The other two are divided by a ridge oâ—… Mountains running from the said 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the middle of the Island to Cape 〈◊〉 â—…omanus 3. I will not name the Kingdoms it contains because they are too many and confused It is very Populous the Inhabitants living in Cities and Town of different extent and grandeur well watered and diversified with Mountains Valleys Bays and Ports The Names of Madagascar and St. Lawrence are given it by Strangers the Natives having no general Name thereof There is no certainty of the first Planting of it The generality of the Natives called Buques have no Religion and consequently no Priests or Churches Any body circumcises the Children between 5 and 7 Years of Age. 4. They are not all of a Colour some quite Black with curled Hair some
of others for the Gentry He received them standing and returned their Courtesie with great Civility 4. From the Key to the City which was a considerable distance was a Lane in nature of an Arbour of Chesnut Pine and Laurel Trees the Ground strewed with Flowers at distances many Perfumes several Companies of Dancers and multitudes of People all the way At the Entrance of the Town was a Castle built for this Occasion On the Front of it the Arms of the Faria's which are Sanguin a Tower Argent in Base a Man torn to pieces Faria being come hither was received by a Reverend Old man attended by four Mace-Bearers who after some Ceremonies made a long Speech in praise of his Family and concluded extolling his own Actions and welcoming him to that place 5. The Speech ended the old Orator in the Name of the City offered him five Chests full of Silver Bars to the Value of Twenty thousand pieces of Eight which he could not be prevailed with to accept of but returned his Thanks and promised to endeavour in part to deserve the Honours they did him Then he went on foot through many sightly Arches to our Ladies Church where under a Canopy he heard Mass and a Sermon of his own Praises 6. Hence he was conducted by above a Thousand Portugueses to a large place that was before the House provided for his Entertainment This place was shaded with variety of Trees set as if they had grown there the Ground strewed with Flowers and sweet Herbs In the middle were three long Tables richly covered and Side-boards Faria being seated all departed but about 80 who were to Dine there and 50 Souldiers At a distance stood the Halberdeers to keep off the People As soon as seated the Musick began to play 7. Presently eight beautiful Maids appeared playing on Instruments and Dancing eight others stood by him singing The Dishes were brought by fine Women and set on by Men. The Plenty and Costliness was great After Dinner they went to another place where there was a Bull-Feast and some wild Horses among them at the death of every one followed Dancing Musick and other Divertisements CHAP. VIII Concludes with the Actions of Antony de Faria 1. HEre Faria continued five Months always entertained with great splendour and had Dogs and Horses to go a Hunting that place being stored with all sorts of Game The time being come to set out for the Mines of Quamgiparu the Chinese Quiay Panjau who was to accompany him in that Voyage was snatched away by a violent Sickness All things were in forwardness when the Chinese Similau dissuaded Faria from that Enterprize representing the great Difficulties and proposing other Undertakings much more easie and no less beneficial Among the rest he said Great things of the Island Calempluy where were the ancient Monuments of the Kings of China and in them great Treasures To this he soon gave Ear for Covetousness is of great force to perswade even in a Man so generous and understanding as he was Happy if he had returned to India satisfied with his past Victories and Triumph 2. About the middle of May he set Sail with Similau in two Galliots in which were 146 Men 52 of them Portugueses and among them the Priest Iames Lobato Next day they discovered the Islands of Nanguitur and then entred Seas till then unknown to Portugueses Crossing a Gulph of 40 Leagues they discovered the high Mountain Nangalaci and held on their Course Northward At the end of Ten days they Anchored in a River where they saw White People like the Chineses but differing in Language and could never prevail to have any commerce with them After Eight days sailing they entred the Streight of Silcapaquim in which they spent five days in sight of many populous Towns But this Course appearing dangerous they steered another by the advice of Similau This was up the River Humhepadam which they entred and to the West saw the Mountain Fangus and thirteen days after the Bay Buxipalem in the Latitude of 30 Degrees which produces Fish Serpents and Crocodils of wonderful sorts and greatness and many Sea-Horses Farther on they came into the Bay of Calindam girt with high Mountains covered with Trees from them four great Rivers fall into the Sea 3. Next they sailed under Botinasora a Mountain abounding in Lions Abada's Tygers Ounces and other wild Beasts then Gangitann the habitation of the Gigahui a wild Gigantick People some ten some eleven Spans high of which they saw fourteen of both Sexes They have good Complexions being white and red but ill Features Faria gave them some Porcelane Dishes and Silk for which they appeared thankful but could not be understood and brought some Cows and a Deer At length they came into the Bay of Nanking and within six days to the great City Pamor whose Bay was almost hid under Three thousand Vessels Fearing Danger here they stood off and came to Tanquilem where Similau and Thirty six Chinese Seamen run away for fear because our Captain weary of the Voyage and finding he could give no good Account where they were had threatned to kill him He was not so ignorant but terrified with the ill Usage of the Portugueses he knew not what he said and they feared either he knew not the Coast or designed to betray them It was a great Error to believe him at Liampo and use him ill at Nanking where they had most need of him In fine They gave themselves for lost not knowing where they were till some of the Natives informed them they were but Ten Leagues from the Island Calempluy which made them repent the wrong they had done Similau 4. Turning Cape Guinaytarau after a tedious Voyage of two Months and a half they discovered in the middle of the River the Island It is plain and to appearance four Miles in compass It was then Night Next Morning Faria went about it with his Galliots and saw it was enclosed with a Wall of Jasper Stone which were joyned so close it appeared all of a piece It rose about 19 Foot above the superficies of the Water and was terrassed within The Top of the Wall was a massy Twist Upon it were Brass Rails and at distances little Columns on which were the Statues of Women with Balls in their Hands all of the same Metal At some distance from these appeared several Figures of Iron of Monstrous shape that seemed to give one another their Hands Farther yet were several curious Arches of Stone of many Colours Within was seen afterwards a delightful variety of small Woods of Orange Trees among which were 366 Chappels dedicated to the Gods of the Year On one side a great Building not all of a piece but divided into seven parts all over glittering with Gold 5. In the Evening the Captain entred the Island at one of its eight Gates with sixty Men four of them Portugueses Entring one of the Chappels they saw an Old Man in
an Elephant so carried to the King from whom he returned well pleased 4. All this was but a Bait to ensnare our People and therefore the King gave out he would do Lopez the Honour to dine with him in Publick He sent to invite him and the Invitation was accepted till he was informed by a Friend of Iao Utimutiraja that the Invitation was to murder him Then he gave credit to the advice sent him from a Persian Hostess by Duarte Fernandez after she had endeavoured to come aboard at Night and was not admitted by Sequeyra judging it some Love Intrigue but it proved one means to save those Ships Lopez excused himself by counterfitting an indisposition Another way was contrived to carry on the Treachery which was by offering lading of Spice saying it was requisite to send for it to three several places This took so well that 30 men were sent according to agreement whilst a Fleet of several Vessels was behind a Point of Land ready to assault our Ships at the same time the 30 were killed in the Town Mean while a Son of Utimutiraja came to visit Lopez and found him playing at Draughts He persuaded Lopez to continue his Game that he might the less observe him who offered a thousand times with a Dagger to kill him and only waited the sign from the Town when a Seaman who was Centinel upon one of the tops seeing a throng and hearing noise cried out Sir Sir Treachery Treachery they kill our men Lopez threw away the Draught-board with such fury that Utimutiraja's Son and those with him in a consternation leaped into their Boats All was done that could be expected upon a sudden and having sunk many of the Enemies Boats and forced the rest to retire and left 60 of our men in slavery and 8 killed they sailed and soon after took two Vessels bound for Malaca Lopez arrived at Cape Comori sent Teixeira and Sousa with their Ships to Cochin resolving though ill provided to return to Portugal alone being fearful of Albuquerque because he had sided with the Viceroy With great hazard he arrived at the Island Tercera 5. Albuquerque had now fixed every thing for his design upon Ormuz dispatched the Trading Ships and other affairs with great expedition About the end of Ianuary he sailed from Cochin with 1700 men in 21 Vessels of several sorts and sizes Albuquerque at the River Onor sent for the Pirat Timoja before spoken of who desirous of our Friendship and being Powerful came presently with much Provision He being skilful in the affairs of Asia Albuquerque communicated his design to him But he dissuaded shewing how much better it was to attempt Goa that was unprovided and would be more advantagious This pleased Albuquerque and hereupon calling his Captains to Council it was proposed to them by the said Timoja and the Design approved of and commended by all Timoja furnished 12 Ships giving out he would accompany the Portugueses to Ormuz to the end that Goa might be less provided Timoja had been dispossessed of his Fortune and ill treated by his Kindred and Neighbours The desire of revenge and recovering what he had lost caused his Love to our People that it may always appear that private Interests are the ruin of the Country On the 25th of February they came to an anchor in the Port of Goa CHAP. V. A continuation of the Conquest of the same Year 1510 Albuquerque Governing and King Emanuel Reigning 1. TIcuari is an Island on the Coast of Canara formed by two Mouths of the River Gacim its length from East to West 3 Leagues the breadth one There is in it Hill and Plain has good Water very Fruitful Pleasant Beautiful and Healthy On the Northern part of it is seated the City Goa which formerly was on the South This now in being was built by Melique Hozem a Moor 40 years before the arrival of the Portugueses The Old is not known when founded but some Authentick Writings have been found wherein is mentioned that Mantrasat King thereof above 100 years before confesses one only God the Incarnation of his Son and the Trinity and Unity whence appears they had knowledge of the true Faith to which may be added that when the City was taken there was found in a Wall a Copper Crucifix These might be the fruits of the Apostle St. Thomas's Preaching 2. About the year 1300 the Moors began to conquer India The first that attempted it with great Power was Xa Nosaradin King of Delhi with a Powerful Army he came down from the North conquering all the Gentiles as far as the Kingdom of Canara Thence he returned to Delhi leaving Habedxa to prosecute the Conquests who by his Valour and Conduct became so great that he coped with his Master which beginning his Nephew Madura prosecuting possessed himself of the Kingdom of Canara and casting off his Allegiance to the King he called the Kingdom Decan from the sundry Nations wherewith he Conquered it this Word signifying so much in that Language Too great an Empire always threatens ruin Mamudxa fearing this used great industry to secure himself which was effectual for some time but at length several Governours intrusted with Provinces of this Empire erected them into Sovereignties The greatest of these was he of Goa about the time of our coming into India called Sabayo deceased about the time of Albuquerque's design upon Goa and Cufo King of Hidalcan had possessed himself of the City and put it into the Hands of his Son Ismael The other Princes were Nizamaluco Mudremaluco Melic Verido Coje Moçadan Abexeiapado and Cotamaluco all great some very great Sabayo was born at Saba a City of Persia of very mean extraction but served the King of Decan so fortunately that he gave him the City Calberga Thence he extended his Conquests of the Pagans of Bisnagar and after over the Island of Goa lately possessed by the Moors come from Onor Melique Hozem being then Lord of it who defended it with 1200 men and was killed in the defence Goa had several dependencies and with these and others he gained Sabayo became the most Powerful of those Princes and consequently hated of them all He maintained himself against all whilst he lived sometimes by Policy sometimes by Force but his death produced great alteration 3. We left the great Albuquerque at anchor before the Bar of Goa let us see what he acted It was necessary to sail up the River on whose Bank the City is seated therefore he sent his Nephew Don Antonio de Noronha and Timoja to sound it A light Vessel leading the way spied a Brigantine of the Moors and giving it chase found they drew under a Fort well stored with Artillery and 400 men Commanded by Yaçu Gorgi a valiant Turk to secure the entrance of the River Don Antonio seeing the other in the chase pressed after him and though the attack of the Bulwark seemed difficult they attacked and after a stout resistance took it
that reaches to the River Iâ—…narigue then that of Pande bordering on the other Moâ—…nibe which extends to that of Zavara in the Inland Near these are the Kingdoms of Gamba and Mocuraba next to it is Cape Corrientes 8. After suffering much Hunger Thirst Weariness and being persecuted by Thieves they came to the Town of the King of Mâ—…nica by whom they were courteously received and entertained he offer'd them to live in his Town or in the Island where we said before the Portugueses used to reside during the time of their stay till such time as Portugues Merchants came thither They accepted of the Island where some died Being ill accommodated there they passed over in Boats to the other side of the Continent and in the Passage were parted Some few got to the Fort of Zofala others to the King of Innaca's Town where were some Portugues Traders who had also suffered Shipwrack here after enduring great Hardships many died 9. D. Paul de Lima ended his Days and was there buried on the Shore Such as escaped Death a long time after went over to Goa Among these were three Women Donna Mariana Donna Ioanna Mendoça who after led a solitary Life and Donna Beatrix Wife to D. Paul who carried his Bones to Goa then went to Portugal and Married again at Oporto 10. Let us return to India Mir Alibet encouraged by his Success in the Year 1587 set out the beginning of this Summer from Moca with four Gallies and the Vessel he had taken from Rocque de Brito at Lamo. He anchor'd off of Melinde and was obliged to remove the first Night by Matthew Mendez de Vasconcelos who commanded on that Coast. Our Governor Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno understanding this Pyrate was abroad sent against him his own Brother Thomas de Sousa Coutinno with 900 Men in 20 Vessels of several sorts 11. After a troublesom Voyage he arrived at Mombaça in February where Mir Alibet had already fortified himself Our Fleet passed through the Enemies Fire up the River took the four Gallies killed above 70 Turks released many Christians and took many Prisoners and 30 Pieces of Cannon 12. The Muzimba's at this time were on the other side in such Numbers as shall be related in the Year 1593 intending to kill and plunder the Moors of Mombaça Having from thence with admiration beheld what the Portugueses had done their Commander sent to Thomas de Sousa to desire him That since the Portugueses were Gods of the Sea and he of the Land and they had done their Work they would give him leave to begin his Sousa consented and they entring the Island killed the Moors and Turks who from the City fled to the Woods Many fled to the Ships and were taken in the rest were cut in pieces to be eaten by the Muzimbas Among those that preferr'd Captivity before Death was Mir Alibet and a Son and Brother of the King of Qualife 13. Sousa went over to the Island the King whereof had been a Principal Actor in this Revolt and being now in Arms refused to come to him but D. Bernardin Coutinno with only one Souldier ran up to the King at the Head of his Men and threatning to stab him if any one stirred brought him away He the King of Qualife's Brother and two Governors of Pate were beheaded The King of Sio was put to the Oar the rest were all fined Then our Commander passed over to the Island Mandra the People of which Place had told some Portugueses that only the Sun Beams could enter there Yet the Island and Town were entred the one wasted the other levelled with the Ground 14. Thus Sousa brought all that Coast under Subjection and was received at Goa with great applause Mir Alibet was brought to Portugal where he died a Christian. 15. About the end of the Year arrived in India five Ships from Portugal 16. It is not my Intention to relate only what is honourable of the Portugues I will here set down four ridiculous and destructive Actions of theirs The first was thus The King of Banguel our Friend desiring to destroy a Wood belonging to an Enemy of his desired our Admiral of the Coast of Calicut to assist him with 300 Men to guard those that cut down the Wood. They were sent and instead of securing him so dispersed themselves in the Wood that the Enemy taking the advantage cut them all off The second A Portugues Galley meeting some Pirats of Cangane pursued them with Scoffs scorning to take up Arms against them and they turning upon the Galley entred it and put all the Men to the Sword 17. The third The Admiral that was so unfortunate in the Red Sea in the Year 1586 having now taken a rich Ship of Meca and killed the Captain order'd the Moors in her as if it had been one of his Galleons to follow the Admiral 's Light They as soon as it was night fled and he being ashamed to be so deceived endeavoured to excuse himself by saying The Jesuits had advised him so to do as if that were any Justification of his Folly The fourth Seven hundred Portugueses from Chatigam took a Town and being in it a Cannon that was hid accidentally took fire and they without examining further fled to their Ships in such a Consternation that one single Moor durst follow them throwing of Stones 18. Two of our Gallies going to Chaul to bring an Ambassador sent by the Mogol were set upon at the River of Carapatan Eighteen Leagues from Goa by a great Squadron of Malabars commanded by the famous Moor Castamuza After a tedious fight the Enemy left them in such a Condition that only their departure could have saved our Men who may be said to have had the Victory because they kept the Field 19. In May 1591 Matthias de Albuquerque arrived in India alone having set out of â—…bon with five Ships four whereof were driven back to Portugal He went to succeed Emanuel de Sousa with the Title of Viceroy Sousa having given up the Sword Embarqued for Portugal on the greatest Ship that had ever been seen on the Ocean and vastly Rich and was cast away on the Sands of Garajâ—…o nothing that was in the Ship being saved This Ship made up the number of 22 lost in this Voyage between the Years 1579 and 1591 a great loss for so short a time and may be attributed to two Causes the over-loading and making them too big both faults proceeding from Covetousness 20. In fine Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno was born in the Village de los Arneyros in the Diocess of Lamego and was a Gentleman might make the Place of his Birth honourable He was the 33th Governor first of the Name and second of both Sirnames CHAP. VIII The Government of the Vice-Roy Mathias de Albuquerque from the Year 1591 till 1597. 1. MAthias de Albuquerque a Gentleman well deserving this Command was before named for this Govermnent by the Patents
of the Island Pemba expelled by his Subjects and they soon after provoked by the Villanies of the Portugueses forced him and them to fly to Mombaça after having killed many and deprived the rest of the hope of ever returning to that Island 14. Let us return to India Melique had a City opposite to Chaul and of the same Name full of Moors and of great Trade as being a good Port and famous for weaving of Silks The Commander of it was an Eunuch once a Slave to the Portugueses now to Melique This Man posted himself on that noted Height called Morro with 4000 Horse and 7000 Foot Morro is a Promontory over the Sea and this runs down to the Shore of Chaul which lies to the Northward of it the River running between them 15. They terrified the Portugueses of Chaul and destroyed them with 65 large Cannon they played from that Elevation This motion was made by Nizamaluco contrary to the Peace establiâ—…d when Francis Barreto governed and he justified it with Complaints against Matthias de Albuquerque 16. This Siege was commenced in April when Winter begins at a time the Moors infested the Lands of Bacaim and some Horse those of Chaul Small Vessels did great harm along the Coast but much more was sustained in the City from the Cannon Then came 14 Mogols to be present at the taking of the Portugueses which they held as a thing certain but being assaulted by some of our Men 9 were killed 2 taken and the other 3 fled The Eunuch Taladar escaped being taken and died of his Wounds as did a Turk that succeeded him in the Command After him that Post fell to Faratecan 17. He with continual Batteries gave our Men no respite About 1000 withstood his Power till D. Alvaro de Abranches brought 300 from Baçaim and another 200 from Salsete They now made up 1500 Portugueses and a like number of such faithful Slaves that they received the Wounds themselves to protect their Masters Having appointed a day to attack the Enemy they all confessed themselves and then went up the River in several Vessels 18 The Portugueses beyond all expectation made their way to the Plain on the top of the Promontory and there the Fight was renewed Ten Elephants being turned loose a Soldier of ours gave one such a cut as made him run back trampling his own Men till he fell into the Ditch making us a Bridge to pass over Another Elephant made way to a Wicket the Portugueses entred and found so many dead as were a stop to them from killing others 19. Some Accounts say 10000 were slain others make them no less than 60000. Faratecan his Wife and Daughter were taken he became a Christian before he died as did his Daughter and came to Portugal his Wife was Ransomed Only 21 Portugueses were lost There were taken a great quantity of Ammunition many Horses 5 Elephants and 75 extraordinary Pieces of Cannon CHAP. IX Continues and concludes the Government of Matthias de Albuquerque 1. THE Portugueses in hopes the Death of Raju might contribute towards recovering what they had lost in Ceylon gave Advice thereof to the Viceroy who sent thither Peter Lopez de Sousa with a good number of Men and Ammunition This Commander made a halt at Palnagure and ordered Francis de Silva to bring the Queen of Candea whom he would put into Possession of that Kingdom But Iohn Chingala who had usurped it taking the advantage of Peter his ill Conduct took him and almost 500 Men Prisoners and cut off their Noses The Queen was put in Prison and above 150 Portugueses suffered several sorts of Death 2. D. Hierome de Azevedo succeeded Peter Lopez in this Command and with 400 Portugueses fought 12000 Chingala's but came off with great loss These Mutiniers were commanded by Dominick Correa a Chingala who was afterwards taken carried to Columbo and there quartered 3. Five Ships arrived now from Portugal and then was first carried into India the Bull of the Croisade whereof F. Francis de Faria a Dominican was Commissary 4. The Ship St. Albertus sailing for Portugal was cast away on the Coast Del Natal some of the Men lost the rest marched in a Body under the command of Nunno Vello Pereyra suffering great Hardships to the River of Lorenço Marquez where finding Emanuel Malleyro with a Ship Nunno and most of the Men imbarked and came to Moçambique Those who were left behind travelled by Land and forgetting their miserable condition so provoked the Cafres with their Insolence that they killed most of them 5. Nunno Vello Pereyra imbarked again on the Ship Chagas commanded by Francis de Melo and had no better fortune the second Voyage than the first Near the Islands Azores three English Ships met and after a bloody Fight burnt them Only 12 escaped burning or drowning on Planks among which were Nunno Vello and Blas Correa they were taken up by the English carried into England and ransomed 6. The Annual Ship coming in April from China vastly rich and being on the Malabar Coast almost in sight of Goa was set upon by 14 Galliots of the Enemy There were but 14 Portugueses in the Ship who fought 3 days and 3 nights till they were all killed then an Islander of Iava going into the round Top from thence with a Barrel of Powder set her a fire so that the Enemy got little by her A poor Comfort 7. The Viceroy fitted out a Squadron of 18 Sail with 700 Men and gave the Command of it to Andrew Furtado On the first of August he met 3 Ships belonging to Zamori full of Riches and People of both Sexes and all Ages above 2000 of them were killed in Fight the Ships taken and the Booty was such that a Servant happen'd upon 5 Bags of Pagods a Gold Coin of the bigness of half a Royal Plate but thicker and worth a Crown Furtado went on and found the Malabar Fleet he went in search of in the River of Cardiga which shunned not the Ingagement but was totally defeated and a great Booty taken 8. Then he sailed for Ceylon arrived at Columbo and secured that place in great danger of utter Ruin by means of the Portugueses who were at Variance among themselves and mutinied against their Captain This done he returned with fresh Honour to Goa 9. Now arrived 3 Ships from Portugal and found another beautiful one built called The Mother of God to return with them which was lost on the Coast called Desierto de la Ethiopia Oriental between Magadaxo and the Island Zocotora Many of the Men were drowned and more perished with Hunger and Thirst ashore Only 16 escaped enduring such Miseries they often envied the Happiness of the Dead 10. I find not any account of the Occurrences of this Year only that about the end end of it came 5 Ships from Lisbon and in one of them F. Alexius de Meneses of the Order of St. Augustin who went to
some Crime upon him he was brought to a Trial but acquitted 18. About this time came to the City Meaco a Spanish Vessel commanded by D. Iohn de Samudio from Manila he raised a Fort in the Port of Pinal notwithstanding D. Paul de Portugal who commanded there opposed him He protested against this Proceeding and made use of Threats but all to no effect CHAP. III. Contiuues the Government of D. Francis de Gama Count de Vidigueyra 1. THE Hollanders in hatred to our new Prince and desirous to purchase the Spices of Asia at a cheaper rate resolved not to beg them any longer in Portugal and to this effect set out in the Year 1595 some Ships which were unsuccessful yet this did not deter them for in the Year 1597 they fitted out the first Squadron for this Voyage and reaped the benefit of it in 1599. This Squadron consisted of 8 Ships in which were 800 Men and Provisions for 3 Years Their Admiral was Iacob Cornelius Neque of Amsterdam they set sail from that Port on the 13th of May 1598. arrived at Madera on the 15th on the 17th at the Canaries where they took Wine on the 23d at the Islands of Cabo Verde on the 29th they were in the Latitude of 6 degrees and passed the Line on the 8th of Iune a wonderful swiftness and to me incredible 2. On the 24th of Iuly they saw the Cape of Good Hope where a violent Storm parted three of the Ships which arrived at the Island Banda the latter end of April The others on the 24th of August discovered the Island Madagascar and on the 30th Cape St. Iulian. On the 20th of September they came to the Island Cerne or Cisne in 21 degrees of Latitude and called it Mauricia Here they found Tortoises of such a magnitude that they carried two Men on their Backs and Birds they killed with Sticks which made them conclude it was not inhabited At Banda they joyned the other three Ships They loaded four which returned for Holland the others steered for the Moluces 3. On the 21st of Ianuary they discovered the great Iava and touched at the City Tuban and on the 27th at the Port of Madura an Island in 2 deg 30 min. of South Latitude There they endeavoured to Ransome some of their Country-men part cast away in their former Ships and part secured for offering false Money because the Natives demanded too great a Rate for them they attempted to rescue them by force In the fray two Boats full of Men they would rescue were sunk and at last they were forced to Ransome them At Amboina they settled Trade Two Ships returned to Banda erected a Factory and loading Spice arrived in Holland on the 20th of April 1600. Those that were left at Amboina went to Ternate were well received by the King and loading Clove returned home 4. D. Hierome de Azevedo in Ceylon raising a strong Fort at Manicravare to be the nearer to the Kingdom of Candea the Conquest whereof was his chief aim so perplexed the Usurper that he setting out several Bodies with the King of Uva to distract our General was in all places by him overthrown More had been done but that the Men mutinied for want and dispersed themselves throughout the Villages for sustenance Being refreshed they returned to their Duty and reduced all the Corlas to our Obedience D. Hierome cutting off many Heads as a Punishment to them and Terror to others The Year following he obtained another Victory on the Borders of Candea 5. D. Alexius de Meneses Archbishop of Goa was gone to visit the Christians called of St. Thomas who live dispersed about the Mountains of Malabar in Malia Turubuli Maota Batimena Diamper Pimienta Tetemute Porca Paru and Cartuti 6. Those Christians continued firm in the Faith till about the Year 750 though with some mixture of Errors About the Year 810 came thither the second Thomas mentioned at the end of the second Tome repaired the Temples erected by the first and restored the Doctrine Thus it continued almost 100 Years till about the Year 900 it was over-run with the Nestorian Heresie In the Year 890 came thither from Babylon two Caldeans called Mar Xarsio and Mar Prod who divided that District into two Bishopricks and were ever after prayed to as Saints till our Archbishop suspitious of them forbid it After them came Mar Ioanne sent by the Greek Patriarch who living at Cranganor introduced the Caldean Brevlary His Successor was Mar Iacob who died the Year 1500 and after him Mar Ioannatâ—… 7. Thus the Bishops and Heresies continued till the Year 1556 when Pope Paul the Fourth confirmed D. Iohn Bermâ—…z Patriarch of Ethiopia and Simon Sâ—…ca Bishop of Caâ—…emit the Metropolis of Mesopâ—…ia and Mar Elias and Mar Ioseph confirmed by the Pope the first as Patriarch of Mussal and the others in their Suffragan Bishopricks and ordered Ioseph who was Bishop of Ninice to go govern the Christians of Malabar and the Bishop D. Ambrose Mouteceli for his Coadjutor Thus the Patriarchal Seat was divided into two the one Orthodox at Mussal the Heretical at Antioch Ioseph and Ambrose passed over to the Mountains of Malabar where the latter would not follow the other and after reading Divinity at Goa died at Cochim in the Year 1557. D. George Temudo Bishop of that place perceiving Ioseph spread the Poison of Nestor caused him to be secured and brought in Chains to Portugal whence he returned to his Bishoprick upon promise of Amendment He found Mar Abraham in his Place being chosen in his absence by the Thomites Abraham being Persecuted went to Rome and promising to reduce that People to Truth got Pope Pius the Fourth his Breves as Prelate Neither of them performed what they had promised but continued in their Heresies 8. Then came Mar Simon saying He was sent by the Patriarch of Babylon to succeed in that Bishoprick The Queen of Pimienta received and placed him at Câ—…use where he exercised the Episcopal Power till being carried to Lisbon he went thence to Rome and was condemned by Pope Sixtus Quintus as not being so much as a Priest and a meer Nestorian Abraham died and his Archdeacon governed the Diocess no Babylonian Bishop daring to come there D. F. Alexius endeavouring to keep out such Heretical Prelates and that was the occasion of this his Visitation 9. This Prelate found that amidst their other Errors they denied the Virginity of our Blessed Lady rejected the Use of Images believed the Souls of the Just enjoyed not God till the General Judgment allowed but three Sacraments Baptism Order and the Eucharist used in stead of Confession a Perfuming in the Churches that their Consecration Wine was of Cocos that their Host was a Cake with Oyl and Salt that Priests were Ordained at 17 Years of Age and Married after Ordination that Fathers Sons and Grandsons administred Sacraments in the same Church that their Wives called Catotiaras or Cassaueras that is Priests
Achem richly laden The King of Arracam to the intent to possess himself of that Custom-house resolved to joyn with the King of Tangu and sent an Embassador to him with 20 Ialias or small Ships Nicote understanding it caused Bartholomew Ferreyra Captain of our small Craft to fall upon them who put them to flight so that they were sorced to make their escape to the King of Iangona's Country The Enemy thus exasperated gathered 700 small Vessels with 4000 Men under the command of the Prince his Son with whom were Ximicolia and Marquetam Sons to the then Emperor of Pegu. 21. Paul del â—…ego Pinnero set out to meet them with the Boats and 7 Ships and having taken 10 Boats that were advanced before the rest returned to secure them and set out again but observing the Enemy was too strong for him went in to gather more Force Being reinforced he meets the Prince routs him and takes several Vessels The Prince thinking to save himself by running up a River got into a small Creek where Pinnero took all the rest of his Vessels obliging him to escape by Land having lost One Thousand of his Men. Then he took the Fort of Chinim and in it many Prisoners among which was the Wife of Bâ—…unadala 22. Nicote was now abroad with Fourteen small Vessels in which were Sixty Portugueses and Two hundred Pegues he run up a River and hearing the Prince was on the Shore with Four thousand Men Nine Hundred of them Musqueteers he attacks him Ximitoto a valiant Pegu attempted to take the Prince and being himself hurt wounded the Prince in the Face which occasioned his being made Prisoner and gained us the Victory Two Thousand Men of the King of Pram came to the Prince's assistance as he was taken and were also defeated The Pegues seeing their Prince carried away to Captivity would all have gone with him striving to get into our Vessels Such as could not remained on the Shore cursing their hard Fortune that would not permit them to follow him a Prisoner as they had done in Liberty Christians may here learn the Duty they owe to their Princes 23. Nicote may also be a President to all Men how to use their Victories for he not forgetting he had been a Slave to the Prince now his Prisoner served him with the same respect now as he had done then He watched him sleeping holding his Buskins in his Hands with Arms across a Ceremony used by the meanest with their Kings in those Parts and himself attended him upon all Occasions This generosity may well equal him with great Men and purchased him together with other the like Proceedings the Name of Changa which as was before said signifies Good Man 24. But now ends the Government of Ayres de Saldanna by the arrival at Goa of Martin Alfonso de Castro who came to succeed him with the same Title of Viceroy He set out from Lisbon with five Ships whereof one was forced in again About the end of the same Year there sailed thence two Caravels 25. Ayres de Saldanna seems to have had more natural Goodness than Inclination to War for in his time nothing of this sort was set on Foot He was one of those few Viceroys and Governors who are believed not to have wronged the King On his re-return home he died in the Latitude of the Islands and the Ship that brought him was lost at the mouth of Lisbon River He was tall and somewhat corpulent of a tawny Complexion of Viceroys the 18th of Governors the 36th and First of the Name and Sirname 26. I have purposely reserved for the end of this Government the Discovery of Grand Cathay for which we are beholding to F. Nicholas Pimenta Visitor-General of the Jesuits in Asia He chose for this employ B. Benedict Goes a Man well versed in several Languages and particularly the Persian which was the most important for that Design B. Goes cloathed himself in the Habit of an Armenian Christian Merchant and after their manner took the Name of Abdula Isai which signifies Christian Lord. He set out from the Mogol's Court with that Prince's Favour and Merchandize In his Company went two Greeks well skilled in the manner of Travelling and were Leo Grimanus a Priest and Demetrius a Merchant These had four Mahometan Servants who were afterwards Christians which they left at Laor one of the Mogol's Courts as useless and took in their stead Isaac an Armenian who had a Wife and Children there and was there faithful Companion From Laor they set out on the 6th of Ianuary 1603. 27. With great Labour and Hardships they passed through the Cities Abec Passaur Caferstan Guideli and Cabuo Here they were forced to stay 8 Months and meeting a Sister of Hamet Can King of Cascar that was going a Pilgrimage to Meca and was taking up Money at Interest B. Benedict considering it would oblige that Princess and her Brother through whose Dominions he was to pass lent her 600 Ducats without Interest which afterwards stood him in good stead The Priest Grimanus spent with Labour turned back from Cabul The Caravan set forward and passed the Dominions of the Mogol's in sight of the Cities Characar and Parvam 28. They passed the high Mountains of Aingaran and entring Chalca saw a fair People like the Germans then went through Gialalâ—…bat Thalham Quenam Badaxaâ—… Carebumar Serpanil Sarchunar Tanguetar Iaconich in which Journey almost two years were spent with great Toils and Dangers Hence they Travelled to Hiarcan the Court of the King of Cascar and Place of great Trade They stayed a Year for another Carravan and then set out much favoured by the King for the Kingdom of Chalis The Son of the Pilgrim Lady they lent the Money to at Cabul was very serviceable to them and they were repaid in precious Jaspar-stone the richest Merchandize in that Country In their way they passed through these Towns Iolchi Hanchalix Alchegret Hagabareth Cambaxi Aconferset Chiacor and Acfu Acfu is a Town belonging to the King of Cascar where a Grandson of his only ten Years of Age then governed who favoured Goes the time he was obliged to stay there 29. B. Benedict and Isaac setting forward again for Demetrius stayed behind at Hiarcam and passing the famous Desert Caracatay that is The black Land of Catay and these Towns Oitograck Gazo Canani Delai Saraguebedal Ugan and Cucha they came to the City Chalis where a Son of the King of Cascar governed and where they were in great danger and stayed 3 months Here came in the Caravan from Cathay by whom our Discoverer heard of F. Matthew Rivius then residing at Peking and found that China and Cathay were the same Country and only the Names differed Goes joyful of this Discovery resolved to proceed On his way he passed through these Towns Puchan Turfan Arumuth Camul and Quiacioâ—… whence may be seen that famous Wall that parts China and Tartary and came to Sucheu where hearing much of
dead D. F. Alexius de Meneses Archbishop of Goa succeeded him in the Government but not in the Title About the beginning of his Government failed from Lisbon the three Ships which were to have set out the Year before After them followed two Galleons and two small Ships the two former were to remain in India 2. The Hollanders now aimed at the Conquest of the Island of Moçambique Our Fort there was commanded by D. Stephen de Ataide who not long before had obtained of the Emperor of Monomotapa a Grant of all the Silver Mines in his Dominions which are much richer than those of Asia to the Crown of Portugal The Motive of this Donation was that we might assist him to subdue his Rebellious Subjects which D. Stephen performed securing him in his Throne and to us that great Gift if we had known how to make use of it 3. About the end of May Paul Vercaden the Dutch Admiral anchored in the great Port of Moçambique with 8 Ships well stored and carrying 1500 Men. In the Fort there were but 80 Men a few and but indifferent Pieces of Cannon and that scarce fit for Service Nevertheless D. Stephen lost no Courage but posted his Men whilst the Enemy invested the Place 4. The Enemies Cannon-Balls flying very thick kept the Walls bare of Men so that a Colonel of theirs boldly rode about viewing our Works till he was struck down dead with a Bullet The Enemy carrying on their Approaches under the shelter of their Batteries that continually played our Men were forced to appear upon the Walls to oppose that Danger and the Hollanders being tired offered a Truce which was accepted While it lasted they reproached the Portuguâ—…ses that they had degenerated from their ancient Valour who to convince them of the contrary offered to fight 50 of them with only 25 which they refusing it gave new Courage to the Besieged 5. The Truce expiring the Cannon on both sides began to play The Enemy thought to take off the use of ours by bringing up to the Walls great Wooden Towers equal with our Paâ—…apets It was a dark stormy night when they began to advance but our watchful Centinels perceiving it so many Fireworks were heaped on them they were forced to retire with some loss Next night notwithstanding all opposition they were laid close to the Walls Twenty five Portugueses sallied with a Resolution to burn or break them but succeeded not 6. Being disappointed of that Design they fall upon the Hollanders who increased to 500 and killing many those 25 retired without losing one only some were wounded This Action seemed to have astonished the Enemy for the next day they stirred not nor after that for a whole week thô they saw their Castles burnt At last the Admiral sent Ataide a Letter threatning to spoil all the Country about unless he redeemed it from Ruin with a Sum of Money 7. Our Commander refused and the Hollander burnt down all that the Fire could lay hold of so the Town and other Buildings perished Next they cut down all the Woods and then raised the Siege which had lasted two months during which time 13 of our Men were killed and of theirs above 300. As they went over the Bar one of their Ships was sunk by our Cannon Scarce were they gone in the beginning of Iune when three of our Ships from Portugal under the command of D. Hierome Coutino entred the Port. Not long after came in Peter Blens about the end of Iuly with 3 Holland Ships and 2000 Men which might have been our Ruin had they come sooner 8. D. Hierome having the best he could relieved the Place was under Sail for India when Blens came in imagining Vercaden was by that time possess'd of the Fort. The Portugueses undeceived him with some Cannon Shot to which he answered by landing his Men and besieging the Fort as the other had done The first day the Batteries played they spent above 300 great Shot which laid one side open and they might have entred had they been as resolute to Assaulâ—… as furious in making the Breach The Damage received by Day was repaired by night Next morning 25 Men sallying killed 30 and returned without losing one bringing in Arms Drums and Colours One of these engaged with three of the Enemy well Armed killed two and put the other to flight 9. A Frenchman and 4 Hollanders came to the Wall begging to be protected as being Caâ—…olicks Blens in a fury demands them of oâ—… Commander who refused to deliver them and he in revenge ties 6 Portugueses taken at his entrance into the Harbour and shoots them to Death One hundred and fifty more were in the same danger who were taken out of a Galleon which coming from Portugal and knowing nothing of what had happened there run into the midst of the Enemies Ships and was burnt by them D. Stephen chose rather to expose those Men to danger than break Faith with those five he had taken into Protection But Blens his Passion being over he recalled the Sentence raised the Siege and setting Sail put all the Portugueses he had taken ashore in the Island of St. George The loss on both sides now was much the same as had been given and received before by Vercaden Blens sailed out of the Port about the end of August 10. While the Archbishop was Governour two Squadrons sailed from Portugal for India That of the Year 1608 shall be spoke of in the next Chapter because it carried D. Iohn Pereyra Frojas Count de Feyra who went Viceroy of India but died by the way The other of the same Year which arrived there in 1609 and carried Ruy Lorenço de Tavora to the same Command shall be spoken of in the Chapter of Andrew Furtado de Mendoca who succeeded the Archbishop This Religious Man governed two Years and a half and was the 38th Governour the first of the Name and sixth of the Sirname and first Church-man that had that Post. He was of a middle Stature white of Complexion grey with Years of a serene Countenance which moved Respect and took such care of his Servants that many got Estates CHAP. VIII Of the Viceroy D. John Pereyra Frojas Count de Feyra in the Year 1608. 1. AT the beginning of this Year sailed from the Port of Lisbon for India D. Iohn Pereyra Frojas Count de Feyra with the Title of Viceroy He raised in all Men great expectation as well for his Personal Merit as the greatness of his Quality and the Preparations for his Voyage were suitable being the greatest that till then had been His Squadron consisted of 6 Ships and 8 Galleons 2. The Viceroy set out on the 29th of March died on the 15th of May his Body was sent back and brought to Lisbon the 24th of Iuly The Admiral Noronna succeeded in the Command of the Fleet. The Count was the second that died by the way going to govern India and may be accounted 3d of
no Towns but wander with their Cattle like the Hords of Arabs some carry Stakes and Mats to make a sort of Tents they use no Tillage and offered our Men a Cake that seemed to be made of Meal of Roots mixed with Cow-Dung they eat Flesh but almost raw just shewed to the Fire which is made by rubbing Sticks together their choicest Food is the Guts and Tripes the Filth only squeezed out their Weapons are Darts and Bows no sign of Religion was discovered among them But it was observed that on Midsummer or St. Iohn Baptist's Day they appeared crowned with Garlands of sweet Herbs and Flowers 12. The Soil is fruitful free from Stones produces all sorts of Herbs Plants sweet Flowers and variety of Trees It is watered by great Rivers and many Springs The Spring begins in November Summer and Winter in these Parts as also in India are not caused by the Sun coming near or going from the Zenith as in Europe but by the Winds It is Winter when it rains and then the Sun is in his greatest Altitude when in his greatest Declination it rains not and then it is Summer Winter begins about the end of May when the West Wind reigns which brings great Rain and lasts till September during which time all Navigation ceases From September till May the North East Winds blow which keep a serene Sky and this is the Summer when all put to Sea Let us return to the description of that Country and our Men there 13. There is an infinite number of wild Beasts and those very large as Deer Wolves Sea-Horses Bufaloes wild Boars Monkeys Tigers and Elephants and some Rabbets not unlike our Ferrets They have abundance of wild Turkeys Geese Pigeons Turtles and Partridges which last build their Nests hanging on Branches of Trees Thus much of the People and Country about the Cape of Good Hope There lived our Shipwreck'd Portugueses and had erected a sort of Church where Mass was said and there were frequent Sermons five Priests being in that Company 14. The Ships being built in stead of Tar they made use of Benjamin and Frankincense and wanting Oyl to dissolve them supplied it with that of Sea-Wolves Before their departure they erected a Cross on the top of a Mountain with an Inscription signifying their Misfortune The Vessels were launched the Men and Goods shipped one Party designing for Portugal the other for India The former after some days fruitless labour were almost in the same place they set out from and in that condition were taken up by Antony de Sousa Carvallo in that Ship which as was before said afterwards perished 15. D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra was Commander of Moçambique and died this Year D. Philipa Christian was Emperor of Monomotapa with whom we were in league A Cafre called Capranzirle rebelled against him who falling upon a Body of our Men as they marched to Tete slew 300 Portugueses the chief cause whereof was a Dispute between our Captains about Superiority All had been lost but for Christopher de Brito Vasconelos who put a stop to the Current of the Victorious Enemy Iames de Sousa Meneses commanded Moçambique at that time in the Place of Pereyra Soon after it was known the Cafre died of a Musket Shot he had received and a Brother of the Emperor but 13 Years of Age and a Christian baptized by the Dominicans by the Name of Dominick was proclaimed King 16. About the end of this Year a great Danish Ship entred the Port of Coulam Emanuel de Camara Noronna Admiral of the Canara Coast went to meet her with a Galley and eight other Vessels she fled he gave her chace and coming up after a sharp Dispute fired and then took her what remained of her was carried to Coulam 17. In April 1631 D. Blas de Castro who commanded 12 Sail at Negapatam took a Dutch Ship and soon after in a Storm lost half his Ships and about 100 Portugueses who got ashore were left in slavery The excessive Covetousness of the Portugueses keeping the Prices of Spice so high moved our European Enemies to seek it at a cheaper Rate in India and their Insolencies inclined the Indians to receive those Holland Rebels into their Ports Covetousness couched under the Pretence of Religion carried the Portugueses to conquer those remote Countries and the insatiable Avarice of some expels and makes them esteemed less than Rebels and Pyrats 18. Two Ships that sailed from Lisbon for India after five Months Voyage were put back into the same River having lost many Men by sickness In November sailed two Pinks The Viceroy desiring to recover Ormuz sent Dominick de Toral and Valdez a a Spaniard to view the Place and confer with Ruy Freyre then at Mascate about it but it came to nothing However a Fort was built at Iulfar a Fishery of Pearl 50 Leagues distant from Mascate 19. This Year our European Enemies ranging the Seas without any opposition took many of our Ships and ruined our Trade Besides they incensed the Indian Princes against us we having no body at those Courts to disappoint their Designs The Ruine of our Affairs proceeds from the little regard the great ones have for the lesser sort and the covetousness of the small ones which made them forget their Country and their Honour 20. The Portugueses dispersed in Ceylon since the defeat of D. Constantine gathering again considerably annoyed the Enemy Hence it appears our own Disorders are our Ruine The Portugueses can recover what is lost but know not how to preserve what they gain which is the most glorious part it being the Work of Fortune to gain and that of Prudence to preserve CHAP. IX Of the Affairs of Ethiopia during the Government of the Viceroy D. Michael de Noronna Count de Linnares 1. THis being the last time we shall treat of Ethiopia it will not be amiss to relate some farther Particulars of the Reception of the Patriarch D. Alfonso Mendez though somewhat has been already said concerning it He sailed from Goa on the 17th of November 1624 and at Chaul received a Letter from the Emperor Congratulating his arrival in India 2. All the way he travelled in Ethiopia he was entertained by the Governors and principal Men was met by the Sons of those Portugueses who went thither with D. Christopher de Gama to the assistance of the Emperor then Reigning and came to Fremona the chief Residence of Catholicks on the 21th of Iune 1625. The Emperor much rejoyced at the News of his arrival and sent two Men of great Quality to Conduct him but could not then see him being in the Field with his Army against certain Rebels On the 6th of February 1626 he was sent for by the Emperor to the Army The Prince accompanied by the Viceroys and Nobility went out to meet and conduct him through a Lane of 18000 Men to a Tent provided for his reception There he put on his Pontifical Robes and
old Men who said the Prince of Candea hearing the approach of our Men had the day before abandoned that Place All the Houses were burnt by D. George his Order 7. The Fame of these Actions made many come in and submit whom our General treated with kindness and rewarded but Fear and Malice being equally prevalent in them they hid themselves thinking to get away to their own People again which D. George understanding caused them to be apprehended gave some as Slaves to the Captains and delivering one to the Cafres they in sight of his Wife and Children immediately cut him in pieces which they divided among themselves to eat 7. The Army marched to Cardevola where were 2 Forts whence showers of Bullets flew The General having viewed them drew out 3 Battalions to give the assault These advanced and the whole Army ambitious of sharing the Honour followed of their own accord and D. George had much difficulty to stop them On a sudden the 3 Bodies crying St. Iames applied the scaling Ladders mounted and planted our Colours upon the Walls of both Forts We lost two Officers and four private Men and had some few wounded As our General entred one of these Forts a Chingala came and told him that of Tanqueyra Grande was abandoned by the Enemy he sent thither a Body of Men and found it was true and that they had left in that Fort good Brass and Iron Cannon many Muskets and Ammunition Those of Cardevola which were presently demolished were no worse provided one piece of Cannon was found with the Royal Arms of Portugal upon it 8. In several Parts of the River Bodies were afterwards found with Cymeters which showed many in confusion were drowned for haste The Enemy had strowed Crows-feet about the Fort to gall our Men which did them the greatest harm as they fled Our Army pursued the Enemy but could not come to any Action till they met at the Foor of the Mountains of Candea where they were defeated and we remained Masters of the Forts of Manicravate Sofragan Maluana and Caliture About Maturé where D. Theodosius lived as a King was the like Success 9. The same at Chilao a Sea-Port which our General assaulted by Sea and Land and took there a great Booty part whereof were 130 Vessels The King of Candea sent Ambassadors to sue for Peace the General was against it but being importuned by the religious in consideration of the Misery the Country was reduced to by those Troubles he granted the Ambassadors should go to Goa to treat with the Viceroy In fine D. George not only recovered our lost Reputation but encreased it 10. D. George found the Inhabitants of Columbo that ought to have worshipped him for delivering them from a deplorable Condition more dangerous Enemies than the Natives He endeavoured to put in Execution the King's Orders to prevent the Frauds committed by the Officers of the Revenue they arming made several Shots at him by one of which he lost a Finger This Mutiny being looked into those concerned were put out of their Places and the Island and it was declared in the Council of State that D. George had acted better then any before him and it was requisite for the King's Service he should be continued in that Post. Peter de Silva who was Viceroy after the Count de Linnares removed him only because it is a Custom for the new Viceroy to undo what his Predecessor has done But no sooner did D. George leave the Command of the Island Ceylon than all that he had gained was lost Returning to Goa poor and full of Merit he died in a low Condition rather as was believed through Grief than Age. CHAP. XII Of several Occurrences till the end of the Government of the Viceroy the Count De Linnares 1. AN Indian Woman married to a Portugues was delivered at Bardes of a Monster with two Heads and Teeth the Ears like a Monkey on the Forehead an Excrescency of Flesh like a Horn the Legs so joyned they looked like one leaping out of the Midwife's hands it seized a Black and bit out a piece of her Flesh. The Wife of a Heathen Barber brought forth much such another Creature and a Cow a third all successively one after the other These Prodigies were general through most of the World this Year 2. The Year 1633. was not quite unlike it the beginning of this Year we lost the Town of Golin in Bengala in this manner The Mogol having lost above 50000 Horse the last Year in several Engagements he had with Hidalcan attributed it to the Assistance the latter received from the Portugueses In Revenge thereof he now besieges Golin with almost 200000 Men by Land and a vast Fleet sent down the River Ganges In the Place were 200 Portugueses and their Slaves who defended themselves several days without out any Fortifications killing 50000 Mogols Being no longer able to hold out they attempted to escape in four Vessels two whereof full of Women and Children and vast Riches fell into the Enemies hands The Women rather than remain in Slavery fired the Vessels and were burnt with their Children and Treasure The other two Ships with the Men were also taken and the Mogol offering their liberty to such as were not Inhabitants of Cambolim they refused saying They would all share the same Fortune It is not known whether they were killed or made Slaves 3. The War continued in Ceylon with the King of Candea The false D. Theodosius had returned to our Friendship but with a design to deceive us but was at last killed The King sued for Peace and submitted to our Conditions but then again refused to ratifle it and Iames de Melo Castro offering him Battel if he persisted in the denial he signed the Treaty Thus we were again restored to all that had been lost in Ceylon 4. Last Year three Ships were ready at Lisbon to sail for India at the usual time which is about March but the Weather proved so bad they were disappointed In Iuly three others set out and two of them had the good fortune to make the Voyage without seeing Land till they came to Goa This Year we now treat of sailed the three Ships that were disappointed the last One of these coming back was cast away beyond the Cape of Good Hope but lost not one Man and very few of them died ashore Of the Wreck and some Wood cut in the Mountains they built two small Vessels that carried them off though not without difficulty the greatest to make the Men agree to this only means of saving themselves 5. On the 16th of February 1634 Antony Tellez de Silva sailed from Goa towards the North with 6 Galleons in search of the like number of Dutch Ships that came from Persia About Trapor he discovered them and giving chase they fled throwing overboard many Goods to lighten 6. The Viceroy was not so wholly taken up with the Military Affairs but he could